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Alyce S, Taggart D, Turton J. Trust, entrusting and the role of trustworthiness for adult survivors of child sexual abuse. J Ment Health 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39158549 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2024.2390366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) are reported to have difficulties in trusting. Yet no previous study investigating CSA survivors' subjective experiences of trust exists and there is a paucity of clinical research into constructs and definitions of "trust." AIMS To use a phenomenological lens to investigate CSA survivors' descriptions of trust relationships and trustworthy others by privileging their subjective experience. To better understand how trust can be built within therapeutic relationships. METHODS A qualitative methodology using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was conducted within the survivor-research paradigm. The researcher was a person with lived experience of CSA who co-produced the study with CSA survivor advisors and co-constructed interviews with 17 adult CSA survivors. RESULTS Findings present a "Survivor Trust Enactment Model" that delineates the process of building/repairing relational trust and advancing "transactional trust." Trust is portrayed as nuanced and formed across and according to context, including the demarcation of generalised and relational trust. The findings emphasise that trustees' trustworthiness is key to building trust which challenges assumptions that survivors are deficient in trust. CONCLUSION The foregrounding of subjective trust experiences challenges diagnostic and clinical views on trust deficiency in adult CSA survivors. The study develops clinical constructs of trust, considers implications for clinical practice, and indicates areas for further research into trust dynamics in therapeutic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Alyce
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Daniel Taggart
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Jackie Turton
- Sociology and Criminology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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2
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Humphrey S, Bertucci V, Heydenrych I, Ogilvie P, Safa M, de la Guardia C. A 360° Approach to Patient Care in Aesthetic Facial Rejuvenation. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2024; 6:ojae059. [PMID: 39233775 PMCID: PMC11372704 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aesthetic medicine has traditionally focused on addressing perceived problem areas, with lack of long-term planning and engagement. Objectives This article describes a patient-centric model for nonsurgical aesthetic medical practice, termed the 360° approach to facial aesthetic rejuvenation. Methods The 360° approach was divided into 4 foundational pillars. Medical literature, the authors' clinical experiences, and results from patient satisfaction surveys were used to support the approach. Results Pillar 1 describes the development of a complete understanding of the patient, based on the use of active listening principles, to characterize the patient's current aesthetic concerns, lifestyle, medical and treatment history, treatment goals, attitude toward aesthetic treatment, and financial resources. Pillar 2 involves conducting a comprehensive facial assessment in contrast to a feature-specific assessment, considering multiple facial tissues and structures and their interrelationships, thus helping to prevent the unanticipated consequences of narrowly focused treatment. Pillar 3 describes leveraging all available treatments and techniques in the development of an initial treatment plan arising from the facial assessment. Pillar 4 adds a time dimension to treatment planning, working toward the goal of a long-term modifiable treatment timeline, with full patient support and involvement; this is designed to facilitate a durable, sustained relationship between the patient and aesthetic healthcare professional (HCP). Conclusions Although implementation involves substantial commitment and time, the patient-oriented focus of the 360° approach can help achieve optimal patient outcomes and the development of enduring patient-HCP relationships. Level of Evidence 5
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3
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Lee GC, Platow MJ, Cruwys T. Listening quality leads to greater working alliance and well-being: Testing a social identity model of working alliance. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38946045 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Characterization of psychotherapy as the "talking cure" de-emphasizes the importance of an active listener on the curative effect of talking. We test whether the working alliance and its benefits emerge from expression of voice, per se, or whether active listening is needed. We examine the role of listening in a social identity model of working alliance. METHODS University student participants in a laboratory experiment spoke about stress management to another person (a confederate student) who either did or did not engage in active listening. Participants reported their perceptions of alliance, key social-psychological variables, and well-being. RESULTS Active listening led to significantly higher ratings of alliance, procedural justice, social identification, and identity leadership, compared to no active listening. Active listening also led to greater positive affect and satisfaction. Ultimately, an explanatory path model was supported in which active listening predicted working alliance through social identification, identity leadership, and procedural justice. CONCLUSIONS Listening quality enhances alliance and well-being in a manner consistent with a social identity model of working alliance, and is a strategy for facilitating alliance in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina C Lee
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Michael J Platow
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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4
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Brinberg M, Jones SM, Birnbaum ML, Bodie GD, Ram N, Solomon DH. How are Conversations via an On-Demand Peer-To-Peer Emotional Well-Being App Associated with Emotional Improvement? HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38836301 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2360178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Non-clinical, on-demand peer-to-peer (PtP) support apps have become increasingly popular over the past several years. Although not as pervasive as general self-help apps, these PtP support apps are usually free and instantly connect individuals through live texting with a non-clinical volunteer who has been minimally trained to listen and offer support. To date, there is little empirical work that examines whether and how using an on-demand PtP support app improves emotional well-being. Applying regression and multilevel models to N = 1000+ PtP conversations, this study examined whether individuals experience emotional improvement following a conversation on a PtP support app (HearMe) and whether dyadic characteristics of the conversation - specifically, verbal and emotional synchrony - are associated with individuals' emotional improvement. We found that individuals reported emotional improvement following a conversation on the PtP support app and that verbal (but not emotional) synchrony was associated with the extent of individuals' emotional improvement. Our results suggest that online PtP support apps are a viable source of help. We discuss cautions and considerations when applying our findings to enhance the delivery of support provision on PtP apps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael L Birnbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, NYC
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Behavioral Health Services and Policy Research, NYC
| | - Graham D Bodie
- Department of Media & Communication, School of Journalism and New Media, University of Mississippi
| | - Nilam Ram
- Psychology and Communication, Stanford University
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5
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Dougherty M, Plenn ER, Corey SL, Onufer L, Coulter RWS. Going the Extra Mile: How High School Staff Use Informal Strategies to Support, Protect, and Care for LGBTQ+ Students. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:289-298. [PMID: 38072012 PMCID: PMC10939909 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High school staff can play a key role in supporting students with LGBTQ+ identities through informal strategies; however, more research is needed to understand how staff are employing these strategies. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews, collecting information on informal strategies used to support students identifying as LGBTQ+ from a diverse sample of 23 school staff from high schools across the United States. RESULTS Staff employed informal support strategies across social ecological levels: within the school community, staff interacted with parents/guardians of students and advocated for more inclusive policies. Within the classroom, staff created inclusive physical environments, implemented inclusive curricula, and employed bullying prevention strategies. Interpersonally, staff listened to and affirmed students and collaborated to employ support strategies. Intrapersonal qualities, including having a personal connection to the LGBTQ+ community and demonstrating open-mindedness, facilitated staff efforts to support students. CONCLUSIONS Supporting staff in the implementation of the strategies we identified could foster more inclusive school environments, advancing equity for students identifying as LGBTQ+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Dougherty
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eion R Plenn
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stephanie L Corey
- Center for LGBT Health Research, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lindsay Onufer
- University Center for Teaching and Learning, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert W S Coulter
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health; Center for LGBT Health Research, School of Public Health; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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6
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Lamash L, Fogel Y, Hen-Herbst L. Adolescents' social interaction skills on social media versus in person and the correlations to well-being. J Adolesc 2024; 96:501-511. [PMID: 37690068 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-quality social interactions with peers could protect adolescents' mental health, resilience, and well-being. Assessing their social interaction skills (SIS) is essential to enhancing them. However, few instruments provide information about SIS in in-person and social media environments. The SIS Questionnaire (SISQ) was developed to fill this gap, spotlighting adolescents' viewpoints on SIS in both environments. This study aimed to describe the SISQ development and psychometric properties, differences in adolescents' SIS in both environments, and relationships between the adolescents' SIS and subjective well-being. METHODS A total of 214 typically developed adolescents aged 12-18 (M = 15.3 years, SD = 1.77; 61.2% girls) completed online questionnaires (demographic, SISQ, and Five Well-Being Index). We used exploratory factor analysis for construct validity, Cronbach's alpha for internal reliability, t-tests for differences in SIS, Cohen's d for effect sizes, and Pearson correlations and hierarchical regression for relationships between SIS and well-being. RESULTS The SISQ has content validity and a monofactorial scale construct validity with very good internal reliability. Participants rated their in-person SIS significantly higher than on social media, t(213) = -5.24, p < 0.001, d = 0.36, and the in-person environment as more important, t(213) = -11.57, p < 0.001, d = 0.79, than the social media environment. A significant correlation was found between both in-person SIS (r = 0.41, p < 0.001) and social media (r = 0.34, p < 0.01) and well-being. CONCLUSION The SISQ is a valid, reliable tool for assessing adolescents' SIS, essential to promoting these skills in this unique environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Lamash
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Fogel
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Liat Hen-Herbst
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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7
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Alyce S, Taggart D, Sweeney A. Centring the voices of survivors of child sexual abuse in research: an act of hermeneutic justice. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1178141. [PMID: 38125856 PMCID: PMC10731954 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1178141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) are known to hold silence and create distance between themselves and service providers for self-protection, as groomed behaviour or to protect the listener from vicarious trauma. Silence for many survivors has also been reinforced as a beneficial action by previous experiences of disclosing and being rejected, challenged, or disbelieved. How can researchers be sure the same dynamic is not playing out in research interviews? Generating reliable research data is an imperative and an act of epistemic justice that enables CSA survivors to testify to the suffering caused by abuse and subsequent trauma distress and to contribute to social discourse for change. Fricker, however, notes that the precursor to testimonial justice is hermeneutic justice. Hermeneutic justice pivots on the dual action of accurate understanding and interpretation, but CSA experiences may be beyond the comprehension of untraumatised listeners because their own frame of reference renders them unable or unwilling (even if unconsciously) to entertain the truth of such human depravity and cruelty. If survivors are not understood, their testimonies can be misconstrued or oftentimes excluded from the generation of epistemic knowledge, leaving the survivors unable to make sense of, and process, their experiences. These are crucial issues for researchers in the field of CSA and other crimes of sexual and gendered abuse. This study considers the operationalisation of a participatory research approach held within a lived experience research paradigm. Such methodologies advocate for peer involvement, which is becoming more widely recognised as supporting testimonial justice and the accurate understanding and interpretation of survivors' testimonies. The issue of validating the methodology and methods is considered, exploring a rigorous data audit and researcher reflexivity as contributors to trustworthy data. Peer and participant safety when researching through lived experience is addressed. Data from a doctoral research study are used to illustrate this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Alyce
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Danny Taggart
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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Arican-Dinc B, Gable SL. Responsiveness in romantic partners' interactions. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 53:101652. [PMID: 37515977 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Close relationships, such as romantic partner dyads, involve numerous social exchanges in myriad contexts. During these exchanges, when one of the interaction partners discloses information, the other partner typically communicates a response. The discloser then evaluates the extent to which that response conveys that the responder understood their thoughts, goals, and needs, validated their position, and cared for their well-being. The degree to which the discloser believes that the partner showed this understanding, validation, and caring to the disclosure is known as perceived responsiveness. Perceived responsiveness has long been viewed as a fundamental construct in the development and maintenance of intimacy in romantic relationships. Perceived responsiveness is a common currency that lies at the heart of interactions across multiple contexts, such as social support, gratitude, and capitalization interactions. Being a responsive interaction partner starts with understanding what the other is conveying and how they are viewing the information. Thus, a critical step in the ability to convey responsiveness to a partner is listening. While listening is the first step and indicator of the listening motivation of a responder, a responder must also have the ability and motivation to convey their understanding, validation, and caring to the discloser.
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9
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Lemay EP, Le BM, Clark MS. Listening and the pursuit of communal relationships. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52:101611. [PMID: 37354571 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Two motivations linked to developing and maintaining communal relationships include caring for others' welfare and striving to be viewed as a desirable communal relationship partner. We review evidence suggesting that both motivations promote high-quality listening. Furthermore, high-quality listening signals listeners' prosocial motivation and enhances the perceived relational value of both listeners and speakers. Thus, high-quality listening likely functions as an effective strategy in the formation and maintenance of communal relationships. This review suggests several directions for future research, including longitudinal research on the role of listening in relationship development, accuracy and bias in detecting and interpreting listening, the influence of conversation topic on listening, the role of people's beliefs about the usefulness of listening, and individual and relationship factors that determine people's motivations for listening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Lemay
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Bonnie M Le
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Margaret S Clark
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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10
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Sprecher S. Listening and responsiveness in getting-acquainted processes. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52:101645. [PMID: 37399779 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Listening and being responsive to another's turns at disclosure are essential processes that occur at all stages of a relationship, including and perhaps particularly at the formation stage. This article discusses research on the role of responsiveness and listening in contributing to positive outcomes from getting-acquainted interactions. Integral to listening and responsiveness in the getting-acquainted process is asking questions, which is also discussed in this article. Because getting-acquainted interactions can occur in different communication modalities and also with artificial intelligence (AI), variation in the degree to which listening and responsiveness occur as a function of the context will be considered. Although listening skills and responsiveness are desired in a romantic partner, these skills are difficult to assess in online profiles and dating apps, which have become common ways for meeting partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sprecher
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790-4660, United States.
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11
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Ricks D, Brannon GE. "It's real. It's a thing:" Mental health counselors' listening exhaustion during COVID-19. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN MEDICINE & HEALTHCARE 2023; 7:11261. [PMID: 37692451 PMCID: PMC10483483 DOI: 10.4081/qrmh.2023.11261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health counselors regularly use active listening skills to be present with each client; however, active listening may cause burnout due to high emotional labor, inadequate staffing, excessive workload, and many other issues, each of which contributes to career exits. COVID-19 exacerbated all of these factors, and-adding to already stressful conditions-most mental health professionals were forced to conduct therapy sessions via telehealth. For this study, twenty licensed mental health counselors at various stages of their careers were interviewed during the height of the pandemic to understand their experiences with the technology and other factors related to their workload during that time. Thematic qualitative analysis was used to explore effects of active listening-including requisite adjustments made for virtual therapy sessions-on counselors' emotional exhaustion and burnout levels. Results show how back-to-back, daily therapy sessions increased listening exhaustion levels and that counselors experienced both long-term and short-term listening exhaustion when utilizing telehealth due to lack of nonverbal cues and other related factors pertaining to online delivery. Implications for counselors, social workers, and other mental health professionals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace Ellen Brannon
- Department of Communication, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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12
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Atir S, Zhao X, Echelbarger M. Talking to strangers: Intention, competence, and opportunity. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 51:101588. [PMID: 37247444 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite having more opportunities than ever to connect with strangers, and much to gain from doing so, people often refrain from talking with, and listening to, strangers. We propose a framework that classifies obstacles to connecting with strangers into three categories concerning intention (underestimating the benefits of conversations), competence (misunderstanding how to appear likeable and competent in conversation), and opportunity (being constrained in access to a diverse set of strangers). To promote conversations among strangers, interventions have attempted to calibrate people's expectations, improve their communication, and create more opportunities for strangers to connect. We identify the need to better understand how miscalibrated beliefs emerge and are sustained, what contextual factors impact conversation likelihood, and how conversations evolve as relationships develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stav Atir
- Wisconsin School of Business, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, CA, USA
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13
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Bahramsoltani M, Bröer S, Langforth S, Eule C, Prior A, Vogt L, Li TT, Schirone R, Pohl A, Jensen KC. Outcome of Communication Training in Veterinary Studies: Influence on the Perception of the Relevance of Veterinary Competencies and Self-Assessment of Communication Skills. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091516. [PMID: 37174553 PMCID: PMC10177072 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since communication skills contribute significantly to professional success among veterinarians, there is a particular focus on developing communication classes in veterinary curricula. At Freie Universität Berlin, an e-learning course covering the basics of communication and a practical communication course based on role plays with and without simulation persons have been established. The outcome of these communication courses on the assessment of the relevance of several veterinary competencies and on the self-assessment of communication skills using the SE-12 questionnaire was investigated. For this purpose, students were surveyed before and after the e-learning course as well as before and after the practical course. Veterinarians were also surveyed on the relevance of veterinary competencies. The relevance of communicative competencies for professional success was rated significantly higher by the students after completing the practical course than by the other students and the veterinarians. Self-assessment of communication skills showed little increase after the e-learning course, but a significant increase after the practical course. Thus, an effective outcome of the communication classes was observed mainly after the practical course. However, the effect of the e-learning course cannot be ruled out since the students participating in the practical course have also completed the e-learning course beforehand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Bahramsoltani
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Bröer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susann Langforth
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Eule
- Centre for Veterinary Clinical Services, Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Prior
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Vogt
- Veterinary Skills Net, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schirone
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Pohl
- Clinic of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Charlotte Jensen
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Ekwonye AU, Brueggemann A, Gerdes SP, Phi KM, Kloepfer V, Karmacharya P, Phung V, Sidek SM. We will all age and one day be older adults ourselves: College students' reflections on facilitating compassionate presence (CP) sessions for older adults. GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2023; 44:298-315. [PMID: 35352618 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2022.2057968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
College students are likely to hold negative ageist views and attitudes toward older people. The compassionate presence (CP) intervention could be a promising approach to reduce ageist attitudes that younger adults have of older adults. College students were trained virtually in deep, active, and compassionate listening and were matched with older adults living in assisted-living facilities. The partners met virtually for an hour once per week. Students completed weekly reflections throughout the ten-week intervention. The weekly reflections revealed that students had preconceived notions about older adults before the CP training. After the CP training and throughout the intervention, we noted a positive shift in perception, knowledge, and attitudes toward older adults and aging. Students built meaningful social bonds with older adults, developed strong communication and interpersonal skills, and acquired research and core leadership skills needed for future careers and professional practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela U Ekwonye
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alvina Brueggemann
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah P Gerdes
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kieu M Phi
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vanessa Kloepfer
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Pragya Karmacharya
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vy Phung
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Safia M Sidek
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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15
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Newman DS, McIntire H, Barrett CA, Gerrard MK, Villarreal JN, Kaiser LT. A qualitative content analysis of novice consultants' responses to a consultee's request for assistance. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Newman
- School of Human Services University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Hannah McIntire
- School of Human Services University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Courtenay A. Barrett
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology & Special Education Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Mary K. Gerrard
- School of Human Services University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | | | - Lauren T. Kaiser
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology & Special Education Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- Department of Psychology Millersville University Millersville Pennsylvania USA
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16
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Elkin JA, McDowell M, Yau B, Machiri SV, Pal S, Briand S, Muneene D, Nguyen T, Purnat TD. The Good Talk! A Serious Game to Boost People's Competence to Have Open Conversations About COVID-19: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e40753. [PMID: 36884269 PMCID: PMC9997707 DOI: 10.2196/40753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy is one of the many factors impeding efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Exacerbated by the COVID-19 infodemic, misinformation has undermined public trust in vaccination, led to greater polarization, and resulted in a high social cost where close social relationships have experienced conflict or disagreements about the public health response. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to describe the theory behind the development of a digital behavioral science intervention-The Good Talk!-designed to target vaccine-hesitant individuals through their close contacts (eg, family, friends, and colleagues) and to describe the methodology of a research study to evaluate its efficacy. METHODS The Good Talk! uses an educational serious game approach to boost the skills and competences of vaccine advocates to have open conversations about COVID-19 with their close contacts who are vaccine hesitant. The game teaches vaccine advocates evidence-based open conversation skills to help them speak with individuals who have opposing points of view or who may ascribe to nonscientifically supported beliefs while retaining trust, identifying common ground, and fostering acceptance and respect of divergent views. The game is currently under development and will be available on the web, free to access for participants worldwide, and accompanied by a promotional campaign to recruit participants through social media channels. This protocol describes the methodology for a randomized controlled trial that will compare participants who play The Good Talk! game with a control group that plays the widely known noneducational game Tetris. The study will evaluate a participant's open conversation skills, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions to have an open conversation with a vaccine-hesitant individual both before and after game play. RESULTS Recruitment will commence in early 2023 and will cease once 450 participants complete the study (225 per group). The primary outcome is improvement in open conversation skills. Secondary outcomes are self-efficacy and behavioral intentions to have an open conversation with a vaccine-hesitant individual. Exploratory analyses will examine the effect of the game on implementation intentions as well as potential covariates or subgroup differences based on sociodemographic information or previous experiences with COVID-19 vaccination conversations. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of the project is to promote more open conversations regarding COVID-19 vaccination. We hope that our approach will encourage more governments and public health experts to engage in their mission to reach their citizens directly with digital health solutions and to consider such interventions as an important tool in infodemic management. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/40753.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Elkin
- Digital Health and Innovation Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelle McDowell
- Harding Center for Risk Literacy, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian Yau
- Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Shanthi Pal
- Department of Regulation and Prequalification, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Briand
- Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Derrick Muneene
- Digital Health and Innovation Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tim Nguyen
- Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tina D Purnat
- Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Alikari V, Gerogianni G, Fradelos EC, Kelesi M, Kaba E, Zyga S. Perceptions of Caring Behaviors among Patients and Nurses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010396. [PMID: 36612719 PMCID: PMC9819105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The concept of caring is fundamental to nursing practice. The aim of this study was to investigate patients' and nurses' caring behaviors and the possible differences between the two groups. In this descriptive and comparative study, 310 patients and 329 nurses from six general hospitals from Greece completed the Caring Behaviors Inventory-16. The mean score of Caring Behaviors Inventory-16 for patients was 78.94 (±17.85) and for nurses 80.27 (±9.36). The items "Demonstrating professional knowledge and skills" (Mean: 5.45 ± 3.62) and "Treating my information confidentially" (Mean: 5.34 ± 1.06) were the most important caring behaviors while the items "Including me in planning care" (Mean: 4.36 ± 1.56), and "Treating me as an individual" (Mean: 4.55 ± 1.46) were the least important caring behaviors for patients. For nurses, the most important caring behavior was "Treating patients" information confidentially" (Mean: 5.43 ± 0.94) and the least important was "Returning to the patient voluntarily" (Mean: 4.57 ± 3.68). Significant differences were observed in items: "Attentively listening to me/the patient" (t = -2.05, p = 0.04), "Treating me/the patient as an individual" (t = -7.82, p = 0.00), "Being empathetic or identifying with me/the patient" (t = -2.80, p = 0.00), and "Responding quickly when I/the patient call (t = -2.01, p = 0.04). Respect, privacy, and dignity were the most important caring behaviors for nurses while for patients they were knowledge, skills, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Alikari
- Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece
- Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Martha Kelesi
- Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Evridiki Kaba
- Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Zyga
- Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece
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Chekijian S, Hertelendy A, McNulty E, Ciottone GR. Integrating crisis leadership in academic medicine. BMJ LEADER 2022; 6:303-306. [PMID: 36794603 DOI: 10.1136/leader-2021-000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Chekijian
- Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Attila Hertelendy
- Information Systems and Business Analytics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.,Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric McNulty
- National Preparedness Leadership Initiative, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory R Ciottone
- Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,National Preparedness Leadership Initiative, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Maine I, Horvath AJ, Lau P. 'Touch for Health' based kinesiology interventions: An innovative qualitative research exploring clients' perspectives. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 49:101643. [PMID: 36029556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Touch for health (TFH) based kinesiology is a complementary therapy with foundations in a natural health training developed utilising techniques from chiropractic, osteopathy and acupressure therapies. Although popular, the impact of the therapy is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to understand outcomes of TFH-based kinesiology interventions that clients perceive as important in their lives. MATERIALS AND METHODS A qualitative phenomenological approach was chosen to capture rich descriptive data. Thirteen individuals were recruited from TFH-based kinesiology practices. Focus groups included semi-structured questions, photo-elicitation and a wellness word activity to prompt discussion on impacts of interventions. Audio-recordings were transcribed, coded and grouped to develop themes. Comparisons were made and linked with the wellness model, theory of planned behaviour and mindfulness-based interventions. RESULTS Three interrelated themes emerged: impact on awareness, experience of effects and impact on action. TFH-based kinesiology was perceived to enhance self-awareness and feelings of wellbeing, promote self-care and support new actions to manage stress and complement conventional healthcare. The use of a mind-body approach with feedback from muscle testing and less need for dialogue were valued. Photo-elicitation generated rich narratives recounting experiences after interventions. Impacts aligned with the wellness model and resembled outcomes of mindfulness-based interventions. CONCLUSION This study provides an insight into experiences and impacts of TFH-based kinesiology. Interventions were seen to facilitate self-awareness, experiences of wellbeing and promote self-care. Findings contribute towards a knowledge-base to foster dialogue and inform TFH-based kinesiologists, health professionals, consumers and research of TFH-based kinesiology and comparative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Maine
- Department of Medical Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Anita Julieanne Horvath
- Department of Medical Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Phyllis Lau
- Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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20
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Collins HK. When Listening is Spoken. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 47:101402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Busby DM, Leavitt CE, Yorgason JB, Richardson S, Allsop DB. Health, depression, and marital processes as they relate to sexual satisfaction and harmonious sexual passion: a biopsychosocial model. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.2019699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Trejo J, Wingard D, Hazen V, Bortnick A, Van Hoesen K, Byars-Winston A, Pfund C, Reznik V. A system-wide health sciences faculty mentor training program is associated with improved effective mentoring and institutional climate. J Clin Transl Sci 2021; 6:e18. [PMID: 35291213 PMCID: PMC8889225 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2021.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mentorship is critical for faculty success, satisfaction, and engagement. However, many faculty, particularly underrepresented racial/ethnic (UR) faculty, lack access to high-quality mentoring. In an effort to improve mentoring for all faculty, we developed and implemented a formally structured faculty mentor training program (FMTP) across UC San Diego Health Sciences, which included institutional support, mentorship training, and department/division mentorship programs. Methods FMTP impact was evaluated using three primary outcome variables: mentoring quality, mentoring behaviors, and institutional climate. Participants' self-assessed mentoring competencies were measured using validated instruments. Results A total of 391 (23%) of Health Sciences faculty participated in FMTP. Participation rate was higher for women than men (30% versus 17%) and highest for UR faculty (39%). FMTP was implemented in 16 of 19 departments. Self-reported mentoring improved for FMTP participants with mentoring quality (p = 0.009) and meeting mentees' expectations (p = 0.01) continuing to improve for up to 2 years after training. However, participants were unsure if they were meeting UR mentees' expectations. FMTP participants were significantly more satisfied with mentoring quality (p < 0.001) compared to non-participants, with the greatest increase in satisfaction reported by UR faculty (38-61%). UR faculty reported improved overall morale (51-61%) and a perception that the environment was supportive for UR faculty (48-70%). Conclusion The implementation of a system-wide formal structured FMTP was associated with improved faculty satisfaction, quality of mentoring, and institutional climate, especially for UR faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Health Sciences Office of Faculty Affairs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Wingard
- Health Sciences Office of Faculty Affairs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Hazen
- Health Sciences Office of Faculty Affairs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Bortnick
- Health Sciences Office of Faculty Affairs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen Van Hoesen
- Health Sciences Office of Faculty Affairs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angela Byars-Winston
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christine Pfund
- Wisconsin Center for Education Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vivian Reznik
- Health Sciences Office of Faculty Affairs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Dawes J, Barron DS, Lee LE. Capturing learning from public involvement with people experiencing homelessness to help shape new physiotherapy research: Utilizing a reflective model with an under-served, vulnerable population. Health Expect 2021; 25:2203-2212. [PMID: 34891222 PMCID: PMC9615046 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have poorer health than housed people but face barriers accessing care and being involved in research. As an often‐ignored group, their contribution to help shape research that is for and about them is essential, as it can strengthen the research proposal, in turn facilitating research and outcomes that are relevant to this vulnerable group. Methods Six people with experience of homelessness attended a PPI consultation aided by Pathway, a UK homeless peer advocacy charity, which coordinates an ‘Experts by Experience’ group. We present reflections on conducting PPI with PEH that informed the development of a physiotherapy research proposal. Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle guided reflections across four stages: (1) describing the PPI experience; (2) reviewing and reflecting on the PPI experience; (3) learning from the PPI experience; and (4) planning and trying out learning. Results Reflections highlighted the importance of: working closely with an advocacy organisation and leader to reach under‐served people; the diversity of experiences; using familiar venues, contingency and budget planning; flexibility and ‘allowing time; talking less; listening more’; planning for early and ongoing PPI, and the potential of mobile ‘one‐off’ PPI outreach models to reach vulnerable groups. Conclusion Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle aided team reflection on feedback from PEH, which helped refine and strengthen a physiotherapy research proposal. The project was unfunded. However, a reflective model helped maximize learning and impact including for future PPI and research. The novel application of Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle provided structure, facilitated reflection and enhanced individual and collective learning and may benefit capturing learning from PPI with other vulnerable populations. Patient or Public Contribution We highlight how a PPI consultation with people with experience of homelessness helped shape a funding proposal. Additionally, the reflections of the experts by experience team leader are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Dawes
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Kingston University and St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Duncan S Barron
- Centre for Public Engagement, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Kingston University and St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Laurence E Lee
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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24
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King LM, Lacey A, Hunt J. Applying communication skills in the provision of family-centred care: a reflective account. Nurs Child Young People 2021; 34:e1388. [PMID: 34866365 DOI: 10.7748/ncyp.2021.e1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Providing family-centred care is fundamental to children's nursing and requires the development of therapeutic relationships with parents, notably parents of children who are acutely unwell. Gaining parents' trust and engaging them in their child's care involves the use of optimal verbal and non-verbal communication techniques. Children's nursing students need to develop skills and confidence in using these techniques. This article is a reflective account by a children's nursing student on how communication concepts and techniques learned at university can be applied to practice. The student had undertaken a theoretical and practical communication module during which she had been introduced to techniques such as active listening and the SURETY model shortly before starting a practice placement in an acute care setting. Here she uses the 'What?, So what?, Now what?' framework to reflect on and learn from her placement. The article demonstrates how complementing theoretical knowledge with experiential learning, and combining this with reflection on action, can enhance students' confidence to deliver family-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane Hunt
- former senior lecturer in children's and young people's nursing, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England
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Siewert B, Swedeen S, Brook OR, Eisenberg RL, Sokol-Hessner L, Kruskal JB. Emotional Harm in the Radiology Department: Analysis of an Underrecognized Preventable Error. Radiology 2021; 302:613-619. [PMID: 34812668 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021211846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Emotional harm incidents in health care may result in lost trust and adverse outcomes. However, investigations of emotional harm in radiology departments remain lacking. Purpose To better understand contributors and clinical scenarios in which emotional harm can occur in radiology, to document incidences, and to develop preventative countermeasures. Materials and Methods A large tertiary hospital adverse event reporting system was retrospectively searched for submissions under the category of dignity and respect in radiology between December 2014 and December 2020. Submissions were assigned to one of 14 categories per a previously developed classification system. Root-cause analysis of events was performed with a focus on countermeasures for future prevention. The person experiencing emotional harm (patient or staff) was noted. Results Of all radiology-related submissions, 37 of 3032 (1.2%) identified 43 dignity and respect incidents: failure to be patient centered (n = 23; 54%), disrespectful communication (n = 16; 37%), privacy violation (n = 2; 5%), minimization of patient concerns (n = 1; 2%), and loss of property (n = 1; 2%). Failure to be patient centered (n = 23) was subcategorized into disregard for patient preference (12 of 23; 52%), delay in care (eight of 23; 35%), and ineffective communication (three of 23; 13%). Of the 43 incidents, 32 involved patients (74%) and 11 involved staff (26%). Emotional harm in staff was because of disrespectful communication from other staff (eight of 11; 73%). Seventy-three countermeasures were identified: staff communication training (n = 32; 44%), individual feedback (n = 18; 25%), system innovation (n = 16; 22%), improvement of existing communication processes (n = 3; 4%), process reminders (n = 3; 4%), and unclear (n = 1; 1%). Individual feedback and staff communication training that focused on active listening, asking for the patient's preferences, and closed-loop communication addressed 34 of the 43 incidents (79%). Conclusion Most emotional harm incidents were from disrespectful communication and failure to be patient centered. Providing training focused on active listening, asking for patient's preferences, and closed-loop communication would potentially prevent most of these incidents. © RSNA, 2021 See also the editorial by Bruno in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Siewert
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.S., S.S., O.R.B., R.L.E., J.B.K.) and Internal Medicine (L.S.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Suzanne Swedeen
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.S., S.S., O.R.B., R.L.E., J.B.K.) and Internal Medicine (L.S.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Olga R Brook
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.S., S.S., O.R.B., R.L.E., J.B.K.) and Internal Medicine (L.S.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ronald L Eisenberg
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.S., S.S., O.R.B., R.L.E., J.B.K.) and Internal Medicine (L.S.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Lauge Sokol-Hessner
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.S., S.S., O.R.B., R.L.E., J.B.K.) and Internal Medicine (L.S.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jonathan B Kruskal
- From the Departments of Radiology (B.S., S.S., O.R.B., R.L.E., J.B.K.) and Internal Medicine (L.S.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215
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Taylor A, Bleiker J, Hodgson D. Compassionate communication: Keeping patients at the heart of practice in an advancing radiographic workforce. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 27 Suppl 1:S43-S49. [PMID: 34393068 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compassion is a poorly understood concept in diagnostic and therapeutic radiography, but an increase in its focus was recommended in the Francis Report (2013). Much of the healthcare literature including policy and protocol has focussed on benchmarking and individualising compassion. Two separately conducted doctoral research projects, one therapeutic and one diagnostic, aimed to conceptualise compassion in order to understand its meaning and behavioural expression. METHODS A constructivist approach was taken with appropriate ethical approval. Patients and carers, student radiographers and radiographers took part in interviews and focus groups and tweets were harvested from a Twitter journal club discussion between radiographers of the second author's published literature review. Data were transcribed and analysed thematically. FINDINGS Key aspects of communication are fundamental to giving compassionate patient-centred care. These include verbal and non-verbal cues, actively listening and engaging and establishing rapport with the patient. Specific skills associated with these are also identified in these studies. CONCLUSION Keeping the patient as a person at the centre of radiographic practice in the rapidly evolving technical and cultural environment in which it exists requires timely and appropriate behavioural expressions of compassion from radiographers deploying a range of highly specific communication and interpersonal skills. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE When undertaking reflective practice, radiographers could consider key aspects of how they communicate with patients, including: verbal (in particular the language they use with patients and their tone of voice); non-verbal (especially eye contact and smiling and their body language). They could also usefully explore and develop skills in reading their patients' body language as well as their own in order to pick up subtle or hidden cues that might suggest a patient is suffering emotionally or psychologically. Finally, they could think about the sort of targeted questions they could ask of patients when welcoming them into the x-ray or treatment room that would both facilitate the procedure and leave the patient feeling that their radiographer had taken a genuine interest in them and their situation. These reflections could then be used to possibly modify their existing communications with their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taylor
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/@AmyTaylM
| | - J Bleiker
- University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - D Hodgson
- Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Lachica N, Stockwell A, Gamba J. What did I just say? An individualized behavior skills training for listening behaviors of adult participants in romantic relationships. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.1922664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Lachica
- Applied Behavior Analysis Department, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - August Stockwell
- Applied Behavior Analysis Department, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica Gamba
- Applied Behavior Analysis Department, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Bjornestad A, Olson S, Weidauer L. Improving officer-soldier communication through active listening skills training with Army ROTC cadets. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2021.1902179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bjornestad
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Seth Olson
- Division of Counseling and Psychology in Education, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Lee Weidauer
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
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Emotional acknowledgment: How verbalizing others’ emotions fosters interpersonal trust. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Pearl PL, Greenberg L. How the jazz medium can inform interprofessional health care teams in improving patient care. MEDICAL TEACHER 2020; 42:1337-1342. [PMID: 32805158 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2020.1805102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interprofessional Health Care Teams (IPHCTs) are essential to provide cost-effective and efficient care to patients with complex illnesses, requiring the skills and expertise of many health care professionals. The jazz medium presents an instructive non-medical analogy. METHODS We present evidence-based models to compare how effective groups perform in both health care teams and jazz ensembles. RESULTS The jazz ensemble has implicit dependence on the salient features of leadership, individual attributes, creativity, synchronization, comprehension, communication, self-improvement, group dynamics, and economy of means. CONCLUSIONS Features of jazz parallel those of the IPHCT and inform medicine how teams can thrive at the highest levels, using characteristics attributed to effective team functioning. Incorporating jazz educators and their approaches to music into IPHCT training may be a strategy to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L Pearl
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larrie Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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The Behavioural Display of Compassion in Radiation Therapy: Purpose, Meaning and Interpretation. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2020; 51:S59-S71. [PMID: 33199246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Providing high quality patient care is a worldwide standard of proficiency across the radiographic workforce. As compassion and compassionate behaviours are considered synonymous with patient-centred care, the focus of professional practice throughout healthcare should be on a system that places compassion at its heart. Inadequate care and dispassionate practice have been blamed for failings within the National Health Service. United Kingdom healthcare legislation has been criticised for its failure to provide meaning or clarity to practical compassionate care. Consequently, it has hindered the ability of National Health Service Trusts, service delivery managers and Medical Radiation Technologists to interpret and implement policy recommendations regarding compassionate practice at a local level. AIMS To support the implementation of compassionate legislation, the study sought to understand the perspectives of those in receipt and those delivering compassionate practice. The research aimed to develop a context specific definition of compassion and identify commonly recognised compassionate behaviours. This article reports on the display of compassion through the behaviours of Medical Radiation Technologists. METHODS/MATERIALS Co-production underpinned the qualitative methodological inquiry and design of the research. Eleven focus groups were conducted, five with Medical Radiation Technologists three with cancer patients and care-givers and three with student Medical Radiation Technologists. On completion of thematic analysis from those groups, three co-production workshops were conducted, integrating the data to ensure the co-produced findings were equally representative of the perspectives of the three participant groups. RESULTS An understanding of compassionate display is illustrated through the construction of a conceptual framework. The findings established observable behaviours which a Medical Radiation Technologist must engage in to undertake compassionate display. Three compassionate behavioural classifications were established through the analysis; 'embodied connection', 'characteristic expression' and 'indicative communication'. A Medical Radiation Technologist must engage in all the three core behaviours to gain comprehension of the patient and person. Comprehension enables the Medical Radiation Technologist to establish practices that aim to address the compassionate needs of the patient. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Adoption of the behaviours by Medical Radiation Technologists should enhance compassionate care received by patients within clinical practice. The conceptual framework provides both a theoretical and practical understanding of compassionate display, making it a valuable tool for training and assessment.
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Abstract
Presence and therapeutic listening are complementary therapies that are incorporated into daily nursing practice. This article presents the nurse's role in facilitating complementary therapies of presence and therapeutic listening, barriers encountered, and the behaviors and techniques to be used. Also discussed is the impact that using presence and therapeutic listening has on patient outcomes. These interventions have the potential to significantly alter patients' perceptions of care and improve patient outcomes. Presence and therapeutic listening are vital to developing a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. This relationship is what drives positive patient outcomes and increases overall satisfaction and quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Ellison
- Austin Peay State University, School of Nursing, 601 College Street, Clarksville, TN 37043, USA.
| | - Cynthia K Meyer
- Austin Peay State University, School of Nursing, 601 College Street, Clarksville, TN 37043, USA
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Bruehlman-Senecal E, Hook CJ, Pfeifer JH, FitzGerald C, Davis B, Delucchi KL, Haritatos J, Ramo DE. Smartphone App to Address Loneliness Among College Students: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e21496. [PMID: 33079071 PMCID: PMC7609198 DOI: 10.2196/21496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is a widespread and significant problem on college campuses. Prolonged loneliness in young adulthood is a risk factor for concurrent and future mental health problems and attrition, making college a critical time for support. Cognitive and behavioral interventions show promise for decreasing loneliness and can be widely disseminated through technology. OBJECTIVE This pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the initial efficacy, feasibility, and desirability of a smartphone app, Nod, designed to deliver cognitive and behavioral skill-building exercises to reduce loneliness during the transition to college. METHODS First-year college students (N=221, mean age 18.7 years, 59% female) were recruited online during incoming student orientation, and randomized to either receive immediate access to Nod (experimental group, n=100) or access after 4 weeks (control group, n=121). The app delivered skills via fully automated (1) "social challenges," suggested activities designed to build social connections; (2) reflections, brief cognitive reframing exercises; and (3) student testimonials that encouraged a growth mindset toward social connection building. Main intention-to-treat analyses were used to compare the conditions on self-assessed loneliness, depressive symptoms, and other mental health and college adjustment outcomes at week 4, controlling for baseline values on those variables. Analyses were also performed to test the hypothesis that the treatment benefits would be particularly pronounced for participants with heightened psychological vulnerability at baseline (ie, higher baseline depressive symptoms and loneliness). RESULTS Retention was 97% at week 4, and participants viewed an average 36.7 pages of app content. There were no significant condition differences in loneliness at week 4 (F1, 211=0.05, P=.82; ηp2 <.001). However, there was a significant condition-by-baseline depression interaction to predict week-4 loneliness (F1,209=9.65, P=.002; ηp2 =.04). Simple slope analyses indicated that baseline depression positively predicted week-4 loneliness among control participants (r=0.30, t209=3.81, P<.001), but not among experimental participants (r=-0.09, t209=-0.84, P=.40), suggesting that Nod buffered participants with high baseline depression scores from experiencing heightened midquarter loneliness. Similarly, there were no significant condition differences in other week-4 outcomes. However, moderation by baseline vulnerability was found for week-4 depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and indices of college adjustment (eg, perceived social support and campus belonging). CONCLUSIONS Although Nod exposure did not impact outcomes for the full sample, these results provide initial evidence of its benefit for vulnerable students. The results of this trial suggest that cognitive and behavioral skills delivered via a mobile app can buffer psychologically vulnerable college students against heightened loneliness and depressive symptoms, as well as other negative college adjustment outcomes. Future work will aim to improve upon app engagement, and to address loneliness among other key populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04164654; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04164654.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer H Pfeifer
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | | | - Brittany Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Kevin L Delucchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Miller J, Currie S, McGregor LM, O'Carroll RE. 'It's like being conscripted, one volunteer is better than 10 pressed men': A qualitative study into the views of people who plan to opt-out of organ donation. Br J Health Psychol 2020; 25:257-274. [PMID: 31999878 PMCID: PMC7216962 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To overcome the shortage of organ donors, Scotland and England are introducing an opt-out organ donor registration system in 2020. This means individuals will be automatically considered to consent for donation unless they actively opt-out of the register. Research has found that emotional barriers play a key role in donor decisions under opt-in legislation, yet little is known about factors that influence donor decisions under opt-out consent. Our objectives were to investigate attitudes towards organ donation and opt-out consent from individuals who plan to opt-out, and to explore the reasons why they plan to opt-out. Design Qualitative interview study. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 individuals from Scotland (n = 14) and England (n = 1) who self-reported the intention to opt-out of the register following the legislative change to opt-out. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results Three main themes were identified: (1) consent versus coercion, which describes the perception of freedom of choice under an opt-in system and fears of 'government interference' and threatened autonomy under opt-out, (2) self-protection, encompassing fears of medical mistrust, bodily integrity concerns, and apprehension regarding the recipient selection process, and lastly, (3) 'riddled with pitfalls', which includes the notion that opt-out consent may increase susceptibility of stigma and reproach when registering an opt-out decision. Conclusions This study reinforces existing opt-in literature surrounding medical mistrust and bodily integrity concerns. A threat to one's autonomous choice and heightened reactance arising from perceptions of unwarranted government control have emerged as novel barriers. Statement of contribution What is already known about this subject? Although around 90% of individuals in the United Kingdom support organ donation, just 40% are actively registered as donors. As part of measures to improve rates of organ transplantation, Scotland and England are moving to an opt-out organ donation consent system in 2020. Existing research has shown that feelings and emotions are important factors that influence donor relevant decisions under the current opt-in system, but little research has explored potential deterrents under the new plans for opt-out consent. Minimizing the number of people opting out of the donor register is key to ensure sustained rates of transplantation. What does this study add? This study explored why people plan to opt-out of the new system in Scotland and England. Medical mistrust and bodily integrity concerns remain as salient barriers under opt-out laws. Fears of unwarranted government control and a perceived threat to one's freedom of choice emerged as a novel barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Miller
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, UK
| | - Sinéad Currie
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, UK
| | - Lesley M McGregor
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, UK
| | - Ronan E O'Carroll
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, UK
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Implementation of a Stress Intervention with Latino Immigrants in a Non-traditional Migration City. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 21:372-382. [PMID: 29623527 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress negatively impacts health outcomes across all racial and ethnic groups, but the health disparities experienced by Latino immigrants in nontraditional migration cities are exacerbated by undeveloped infrastructure and weak social support networks. Immigrants in new migration cities can be difficult to engage in health interventions and are therefore underrepresented in the very research where their inclusion is most crucial. To effectively engage Latino immigrants, a team of academic and community researchers collaborated on a community-based participatory research project to design and implement a stress and coping intervention. Top stressors reported were family, children, and work, but health was most commonly identified as the primary stressor. Participants overwhelmingly chose physical activity goals for stress reduction. Pre- to post- intervention results revealed significant improvements in social support and stress management. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of a peer-led, community-partnered approach to implementing a stress intervention with Latino immigrants in a nontraditional migration city.
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Moors F, Zech E. The Effects of Psychotherapist's and Clients' Interpersonal Behaviors during a First Simulated Session: A Lab Study Investigating Client Satisfaction. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1868. [PMID: 29163262 PMCID: PMC5671502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of psychotherapists' behaviors during a first simulated therapy session on clients' satisfaction, including their intention to pursue or drop out from therapy. The importance of psychotherapists' warmth on clients' satisfaction was examined to check previous findings stressing this determining factor. Examining the role of warm behaviors is however insufficient according to the interpersonal perspective. We therefore tested the role of the psychotherapist's agentic behaviors since only a few studies provide contradictory results about the role of this interpersonal dimension on clients' satisfaction and how it is influenced by matching up client and therapist's profiles. To test our hypotheses and control for alternative therapy-related explanatory variables, we used different videos as experimental conditions manipulating the therapist's behaviors. Seventy-five participants had to imagine themselves as potential clients arriving for a first therapy session. They successively watched a role-playing therapist behaving according to five randomized interpersonal profiles. Results confirmed that warmth was a major dimension predicting client satisfaction. They revealed that agency was also a determinant of client satisfaction and that its effects depended on the client's own interpersonal agentic profile. Dominant clients were found to be more satisfied with the dominant psychotherapist than the submissive one while submissive clients preferred only the warm psychotherapist. These findings are discussed and suggest that therapists may need to be flexible and adapt their behaviors according to their client's interpersonal profile to increase their client satisfaction and decrease drop outs.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Moors
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emmanuelle Zech
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Jacobs GA, Gray BL, Erickson SE, Gonzalez ED, Quevillon RP. Disaster Mental Health and Community-Based Psychological First Aid: Concepts and Education/Training. J Clin Psychol 2016; 72:1307-1317. [PMID: 27175614 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Any community can experience a disaster, and many traumatic events occur without warning. Psychologists can be an important resource assisting in psychological support for individuals and communities, in preparation for and in response to traumatic events. Disaster mental health and the community-based model of psychological first aid are described. The National Preparedness and Response Science Board has recommended that all mental health professionals be trained in disaster mental health, and that first responders, civic officials, emergency managers, and the general public be trained in community-based psychological first aid. Education and training resources in these two fields are described to assist psychologists and others in preparing themselves to assist their communities in difficult times and to help their communities learn to support one another.
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Gifts and gratitude. Br J Gen Pract 2014; 64:644. [DOI: 10.3399/bjgp14x682993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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