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Hong L, Xu H, Zheng J, Lin X, Wang L, Zhao C, Tu X, Zhang J, Zhao K, Zhang G. Latent Profiles and Transitions of Bedtime Procrastination Among Chinese College Students: The Predictive Roles of Anxiety, Depression, Problematic Smartphone Use and Self-Control. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:801-811. [PMID: 38911318 PMCID: PMC11192292 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s462055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bedtime procrastination (BP) has become an important factor affecting individual well-being. This study aimed to assess the stability and changes in BP and examine risk and protective factors. Methods The study recruited 1423 respondents. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of BP and latent transition analysis to determine transition probabilities for each subgroup. Logistic regression examined associations between identified classes and related factors. Results Three subgroups of BP were identified. In terms of stability and changes, the moderate bedtime procrastination group showed the highest stability (66%), followed by the severe bedtime procrastination group (62.4%), and the mild bedtime procrastination group had a 52% probability of switching to moderate bedtime procrastination. In terms of influencing factors, more problematic phone use (PSU) (OR: 1.08; 95% CI = 1.05-1.12), more depression (OR: 1.17; 95% CI = 1.06-1.29) and anxiety (OR: 1.16; 95% CI = 1.05-1.28) are all factors that aggravate the transition from mild to moderate sleep procrastination. Similarly, PSU (OR: 1.15; 95% CI = 1.12-1.19), anxiety (OR: 1.10; 95% CI = 1.06-1.14), and depression (OR: 1.10; 95% CI = 1.06-1.14) increased the risk of severe bedtime procrastination. Self-control emerged as a protective factor against BP. Conclusion This study identified three subgroups of BP at two time points and the rule of transition for each subgroup. Our findings indicate that BP were relatively stable, with some changes over time. The results also highlight the important function that PSU, depression, anxiety, and self-control can play in preventing and intervening in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Hong
- Lishui Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Xu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiujian Lin
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjia Zhao
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Tu
- School of Renji, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Lishui Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
- Institute Of Aging, Key Laboratory Of Alzheimer’s Disease Of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Zimmerman ME, Benasi G, Hale C, Yeung LK, Cochran J, Brickman AM, St-Onge MP. The effects of insufficient sleep and adequate sleep on cognitive function in healthy adults. Sleep Health 2024; 10:229-236. [PMID: 38233280 PMCID: PMC11045317 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Although sleep affects a range of waking behaviors, the majority of studies have focused on sleep loss with relatively little attention on sustained periods of adequate sleep. The goal of this study was to use an experimental design to examine the effect of both of these sleep patterns on cognitive performance in healthy adults. METHODS This study used a randomized crossover design. Participants who regularly slept 7-9 hours/night completed two 6-week intervention conditions, adequate sleep (maintenance of habitual bed/wake times) and insufficient sleep (reduction in sleep of 1.5 hours relative to adequate sleep), separated by a 2-6weeks (median=43days) washout period. Cognitive functioning was evaluated at baseline and endpoint of each intervention using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. General linear models contrasted scores following each condition to the baseline of the first condition; the baseline of the second condition was included to evaluate practice effects. RESULTS Sixty-five participants (age 35.9 ± 4.9years, 89% women, 52% non-White race/ethnicity) completed study procedures. There was improvement in performance on the List Sorting Working Memory task after the adequate sleep condition that exceeded practice effects. Cognitive performance after insufficient sleep did not reach the level expected with practice and did not differ from baseline. A similar pattern was found on the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention task. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex interplay between sleep and cognition and demonstrate that consistent, stable sleep of at least 7 hours/night improves working memory and response inhibition in healthy adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The manuscript reports on data from two clinical trials: Impact of Sleep Restriction on Performance in Adults (URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02960776, ID Number: NCT02960776) and Impact of Sleep Restriction in Women (URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02835261, ID Number: NCT02835261).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giada Benasi
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christiane Hale
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lok-Kin Yeung
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Justin Cochran
- Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research and Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
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3
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Donbaloğlu Z, Barsal Çetiner E, İnan Yüksel A, Singin B, Aydın Behram B, Bedel A, Parlak M, Tuhan H. Sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Prevalence, and relationship with diabetes management. Sleep Med 2024; 115:55-60. [PMID: 38330696 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A decline in sleep quality and regularity has been reported in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in many studies. However, research on medical-based sleep disorders in patients with T1D is limited. Diagnosing sleep disorders is crucial, as it negatively impacts academic performance, cardiovascular health, and cognitive functions among children as well as essential skills for effective diabetes management. Our objective was to assess sleep disturbances in patients diagnosed with T1D and explore whether these patients experience significantly more sleep disturbances compared to their healthy peers. METHODS This study, designed as a cross-sectional case-control investigation, involved a cohort of 250 participants (144 T1D, 106 control cases) aged 6-15 years. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDCS) scores of the T1D group were compared with those of the control group. Furthermore, the study explored the correlation between clinical/biochemical parameters and SDCS scores within the T1D group. RESULTS The mean age of individuals in the T1D group was 10.27 ± 3.25 years, while the control group had a comparable mean age of 10.48 ± 3.5 years (P = 0.303). Within the T1D group, the median duration of diabetes was 5 (1-15) years, and the median glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level for the past one year was 8.4 %. Although there was no significant difference in total SDSC scores between the T1D and control groups, both groups exhibited average scores that remained close to the threshold indicative of sleep disturbances (>39). Notably, individuals with total SDSC scores surpassing 39 were identified at rates of 48.6 % in the T1D group and 47.6 % in the control group, respectively. Furthermore, disorders of arousal nightmares (DA) were more prevalent in T1D patients compared to their healthy peers (P = 0.049). Additionally, HbA1c showed a positive correlation with scores for disorders of excessive somnolence (DOES) and total scores (P < 0.001, R = 0.368; P = 0.003, R = 0.243). CONCLUSION Our study found that the prevalence of sleep disturbances among children and adolescents with T1D was not significantly higher than that observed in their healthy peers. Nevertheless, it is crucial to note that a notable portion, 48.6 % of T1D cases and 47.6 % of healthy cases, displayed sleep disturbances based on SDSC scores. To optimize diabetes management and proactively address potential challenges, incorporating routine screening for sleep disturbances in the monitoring of T1D patients can yield valuable benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Donbaloğlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Barsal Çetiner
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aynur İnan Yüksel
- Department of Pediatrics, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Berna Singin
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bilge Aydın Behram
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aynur Bedel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mesut Parlak
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hale Tuhan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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Palm D, Uzoni A, Kronenberg G, Thome J, Faltraco F. Human Derived Dermal Fibroblasts as in Vitro Research Tool to Study Circadian Rhythmicity in Psychiatric Disorders. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2023; 56:87-100. [PMID: 37187177 DOI: 10.1055/a-1147-1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A number of psychiatric disorders are defined by persistent or recurrent sleep-wake disturbances alongside disruptions in circadian rhythm and altered clock gene expression. Circadian rhythms are present not only in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus but also in peripheral tissues. In this respect, cultures of human derived dermal fibroblasts may serve as a promising new tool to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of mental illness. In this article, we discuss the advantages of fibroblast cultures to study psychiatric disease. More specifically, we provide an update on recent advances in modeling circadian rhythm disorders using human fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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5
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Paterson JL, Thomas MJ, Reynolds AC, Sprajcer M, Gupta C, Gibson RH, Vincent GE, Ferguson SA. "I need to be alert at night to provide care": Factors associated with problematic sleep among young Australian caregivers. Behav Sleep Med 2023; 21:322-331. [PMID: 35762128 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2022.2093879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is increased recognition that young people (<25 years) may occupy a carer role for family or others with health conditions or disability. This is often in addition to study and social activities. This means competing demands on time, and insufficient sleep. Our aim was to determine the contribution of caring duties to problematic sleep in young carers. METHODS A survey of Australian carers was conducted, including questions on demographics, characteristics of the carer and care recipient, and sleep quality and quantity. Participants were eligible if they reported sleep time <7 hr or dissatisfaction with their sleep, and were aged 15-24 years. RESULTS A total of 110 participants (71.8%_female = 79, 15-17 years = 62, 18-24 years = 48) were included in analysis; 55.5% (n= 61) reporting dissatisfaction with their sleep and 62.7% (n= 69) reporting typically less than 7 hr sleep per night. Sleep duration was significantly shorter for those who reported 1-2 or ≥3 awakenings to provide care, compared with no awakenings (p_< .05). Sleep quality, as described by scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was also significantly worse for those who were frequently awoken by their care recipient (p < .05). Worrying about the care recipient, being woken by the care recipient, and listening out for the care recipient were the most frequently identified factors impacting on sleep. CONCLUSION Young carers experience reduced sleep duration and poor sleep quality. Strategies to alleviate the burden of care work on young carer's sleep would benefit the health and safety of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Paterson
- Flinders Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Matthew Jw Thomas
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amy C Reynolds
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Madeline Sprajcer
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Charlotte Gupta
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rosemary H Gibson
- Sleep/Wake Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, and School of Psychology, Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Grace E Vincent
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
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6
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Perfect MM, Silva GE, Chin CN, Wheeler MD, Frye SS, Mullins V, Quan SF. Extending sleep to improve glycemia: The Family Routines Enhancing Adolescent Diabetes by Optimizing Management (FREADOM) randomized clinical trial protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 124:106929. [PMID: 36441106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deficiencies amongst individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have been linked with dysregulated glycemic control and greater morbidities. Sleep extension (EXT) has been identified as a viable intervention target to improve adolescent outcomes. The intervention aims to emphasize collaborative work with families to engage in behaviors that increase the likelihood of the youth increasing their sleep duration consistently. This study will randomize up to 175 youth with T1DM and at least one caregiver to either an EXT intervention or a family routines support (FRS) consultation. It is hypothesized that the EXT condition will lead to improvements in sleep, which in turn, will contribute to improved glycemic control. The primary endpoint is improved glycemic control assessed via a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) to ascertain average glucose levels across a week, glycemic variability, and percent time in the target range at one month and HbA1c at three months. Analyses will control for co-morbid conditions, including sleep-disordered breathing and obesity. This study will provide the needed data to support addressing sleep as part of the standards of care in youth with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Perfect
- Department of Disability and Psychoeducational Studies, College of Education, 1430 E 2nd St., University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States of America.
| | - Graciela E Silva
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States of America
| | - Cindy N Chin
- Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, 1501 N. Campbell, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States of America
| | - Mark D Wheeler
- Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, 1501 N. Campbell, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States of America
| | - Sara S Frye
- Department of Disability and Psychoeducational Studies, College of Education, 1430 E 2nd St., University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States of America
| | - Vicky Mullins
- Department of Disability and Psychoeducational Studies, College of Education, 1430 E 2nd St., University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States of America
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States of America; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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7
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Orihuela CA, Mrug S, Evans RR. Associations between sleepiness, sleep duration, and academic outcomes in early adolescence. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catheryn A. Orihuela
- Departments of Human Studies and Psychology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Sylvie Mrug
- Departments of Human Studies and Psychology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Retta R. Evans
- Departments of Human Studies and Psychology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
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8
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Guo B, Song Y, Zhao L, Cheng X, Ma H, Qiu X, Yang X, Qiao Z, Zhao E, Bu T, Yang J, Mishra R, Yang Y, Zhou J. Sleep quality and creativity in Chinese college student during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of executive function. Front Public Health 2022; 10:987372. [PMID: 36311563 PMCID: PMC9609157 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.987372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has impacted adolescents' interpersonal relationships, life attitudes, and mental health during the past 3 years. However, previous studies predominantly focused on negative problems, while few studies assessed the situation of teenagers from the perspective of positive psychology. Therefore, this study explores the creativity level of Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, the relationship between sleep quality and creativity, and the mediating role of executive function. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted across six colleges in Heilongjiang in China, with a sample of 4,258 college students recruited via stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected through an online survey. A mediation model was constructed, and SPSS PROCESS macro was used to analyze the data. Results The creativity score of Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic was 106.48 ± 13.61. Correlation analysis demonstrated that sleep quality correlated negatively with creativity (r = -0.08, P < 0.01) but positively with executive function (r=0.45, P < 0.01), whilst executive function correlated negatively with creativity (r = -0.10, P < 0.01). Moreover, the mediation model revealed that executive function partially mediated the relationship between sleep quality and creativity in college students (indirect effect = -0.017, SE = 0.004, 95% CI = [-0.025, -0.008]). Executive function accounted for 48.6% of the variance in college students' creativity. Conclusion School administrators should implement measures such as sleep education to enhance students' sleep quality. Concurrently, curriculum and assessment implementation should enhance executive function. Such measures can contribute to improved student creativity, thus helping students overcome the negative emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botang Guo
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Student Affairs, Mental Health Education Center, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Human Resource Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinhui Cheng
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanze Ma
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengxue Qiao
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Erying Zhao
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Bu
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarun Yang
- Academy of Educational Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Rupam Mishra
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Yanjie Yang
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Jiawei Zhou
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9
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Kiriş N. Effects of partial sleep deprivation on prefrontal cognitive functions in adolescents. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:499-508. [PMID: 38468618 PMCID: PMC10900015 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive functions associated with the frontal lobe, such as attention, executive functions, and working memory, is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the effect of partial sleep deprivation in adolescents on the cognitive tasks of the frontal lobe, including visuospatial working memory, processing speed, sustained attention, executive functions, and short-term visual memory. Methods Participants were recruited from voluntary students of Çukurova University. Eighteen adolescents underwent four consecutive nights of monitored sleep restriction (6-6.5 h/night) and four nights of sleep extension (10-10.5 h/night) in a counterbalanced order and separated by a washout period. Following each sleep period, the cognitive performance was assessed, at a fixed morning time, using a computerized neuropsychological test battery based on frontal lobe functions tasks, which was a timed test providing both accuracy and reaction time outcome measures. Results Only the spatial working memory performance of cognitive tasks was found to be statistically lower in the restricted-sleep condition than in the extended-sleep condition (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the performance of cognitive tasks evaluating simple attention, constant attention, executive functions, and cognitive flexibility. Conclusions The findings of this study indicated that partial sleep restriction negatively affects specifically working memory and strategic thinking skills among cognitive functions based on the frontal lobe. Especially the visuospatial working memory and strategic thinking skills of adolescents might be susceptible to chronic partial sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcihan Kiriş
- Department of Psychology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Balatcik, Cigli, 35620 Izmir, Turkey
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10
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Giannos P, Prokopidis K, Forbes SC, Celoch K, Candow DG, Tartar JL. Gene Expression Changes of Murine Cortex Homeostasis in Response to Sleep Deprivation Hint Dysregulated Aging-like Transcriptional Responses. Brain Sci 2022; 12:825. [PMID: 35884632 PMCID: PMC9313387 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation leads to the deterioration in the physiological functioning of the brain, cognitive decline, and many neurodegenerative diseases, all of which progress with advancing age. Sleep insufficiency and impairments in cognitive function are characterized by progressive neuronal losses in the cerebral cortex. In this study, we analyze gene expression profiles following sleep-deprived murine models and circadian matched controls to identify genes that might underlie cortical homeostasis in response to sleep deprivation. Screening of the literature resulted in three murine (Mus musculus) gene expression datasets (GSE6514, GSE78215, and GSE33491) that included cortical tissue biopsies from mice that are sleep deprived for 6 h (n = 15) and from circadian controls that are left undisturbed (n = 15). Cortical differentially expressed genes are used to construct a network of encoded proteins that are ranked based on their interactome according to 11 topological algorithms. The analysis revealed three genes-NFKBIA, EZR, and SGK1-which exhibited the highest multi-algorithmic topological significance. These genes are strong markers of increased brain inflammation, cytoskeletal aberrations, and glucocorticoid resistance, changes that imply aging-like transcriptional responses during sleep deprivation in the murine cortex. Their potential role as candidate markers of local homeostatic response to sleep loss in the murine cortex warrants further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giannos
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London W12 0BZ, UK;
| | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London W12 0BZ, UK;
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada;
| | - Kamil Celoch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; (K.C.); (J.L.T.)
| | - Darren G. Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada;
| | - Jaime L. Tartar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; (K.C.); (J.L.T.)
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11
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Ru T, Qian L, Chen Q, Sun H, Zhou G. Effects of an afternoon nap on sustained attention and working memory: The role of physiological arousal and sleep variables. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 179:21-29. [PMID: 35753563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Taking a short midday nap has been associated with higher alertness and better cognitive task performance. Yet, the mechanisms associated with nap-dependent performance enhancement are unclear. The current study was conducted to explore the impact of physiological arousal during cognitive task and sleep architecture during a pre-task nap on post-nap behavioral outcomes. A within-subjects design (N = 18) was employed, in which participants either took a nap or remained awake for 40 min during the post-lunch period. The psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) and n-back task were administered to assess sustained attention and working memory, respectively, with each task including one block of easy trials and one block of difficult trials. Results showed that a short midday nap improved sustained attention but not working memory. In addition, a midday nap induced lower physiological arousal during the performance on both cognitive tasks, with relatively higher delta and lower beta activity. The relative power of theta and alpha were positively correlated with performance on the easy PVT, whereas the alpha power was negatively correlated with performance on the difficult PVT, and the theta power was negatively correlated with reaction speed in the n-back task regardless of the task difficulty. Meanwhile, the shorter total sleep time and longer time of wake after sleep onset were associated with the faster overall reaction speed in PVT easy trials. These findings suggested that both changes in physiological arousal and sleep variables might account for changes in task performance after a short midday nap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Ru
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Liu Qian
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hailing Sun
- Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Meng X, Su H, Li C. Effect of Self-Efficacy on Bedtime Procrastination Among Chinese University Students: A Moderation and Mediation Model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:863523. [PMID: 35651571 PMCID: PMC9149283 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.863523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bedtime procrastination (BP) is generally considered to be a maladaptive behavior. However, BP may be an adaptive fast LH strategy within the LH framework, and further, personal beliefs about their abilities and resources promote this fast LH strategy. Here, the present study addressed this idea, focusing on the effect of self-efficacy on BP, the mediation of harm avoidance (HA), and the moderation of novelty seeking (NS). Data from 552 Chinese university students (205 men and 347 women) were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro. Results indicated that HA partially mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and BP. Main interactional effects have been observed when NS is introduced in the model as a moderator. Implications and limitations of the study and suggestions for further study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Meng
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Haodong Su
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunlu Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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13
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Gaultney JF. Indirect Associations Between Self-Rated Alertness and Recall via Strategic and Nonstrategic Factors. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5406/19398298.135.1.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with reduced cognitive functioning in children and adolescents. The present study was an initial examination of direct and indirect associations between sleep and recall via strategic and nonstrategic memory processes in a sample of 66 participants from grades 1, 3, 5, and college. Stimuli varied in familiarity and presence of a strategy prompt. Strategy use during encoding and during recall were measured separately. The present study predicted that alertness would be associated with both strategic and nonstrategic factors related to memory, alertness would predict recall indirectly via strategic and nonstrategic factors (controlling for grade and gender), and this indirect path would be moderated by grade. The first 2 hypotheses were partially supported; the third was not. Self-reported alertness associated weakly with speed of tapping and with strategy use during encoding on the first trial (familiar words, no strategy cue). Analysis indicated an indirect effect via strategy use during encoding on Trial 1 but via speed of tapping on Trial 3. Tests of moderated mediation were not significant on any trial, indicating that the indirect pathways were not moderated by grade. Alertness may influence recall via strategic or nonstrategic processes, and its role may depend on familiarity and availability of strategy cues. Several proposed research directions are suggested for future exploration.
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14
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Interindividual differences in attentional vulnerability moderate cognitive performance during sleep restriction and subsequent recovery in healthy young men. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19147. [PMID: 34580319 PMCID: PMC8476607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether interindividual attentional vulnerability moderates performance on domain-specific cognitive tasks during sleep restriction (SR) and subsequent recovery sleep. Fifteen healthy men (M ± SD, 22.3 ± 2.8 years) were exposed to three nights of baseline, five nights of 5-h time in bed SR, and two nights of recovery sleep. Participants completed tasks assessing working memory, visuospatial processing, and processing speed approximately every two hours during wake. Analyses examined performance across SR and recovery (linear predictor day or quadratic predictor day2) moderated by attentional vulnerability per participant (difference between mean psychomotor vigilance task lapses after the fifth SR night versus the last baseline night). For significant interactions between day/day2 and vulnerability, we investigated the effect of day/day2 at 1 SD below (less vulnerable level) and above (more vulnerable level) the mean of attentional vulnerability (N = 15 in all analyses). Working memory accuracy and speed on the Fractal 2-Back and visuospatial processing speed and efficiency on the Line Orientation Task improved across the entire study at the less vulnerable level (mean − 1SD) but not the more vulnerable level (mean + 1SD). Therefore, vulnerability to attentional lapses after SR is a marker of susceptibility to working memory and visuospatial processing impairment during SR and subsequent recovery.
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15
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Khan MN, Faraz A, Jamal AB, Craig S, Ilyas W, Ahmad F, Jamshed M, Riaz W. A Study to See the Effect of Social Media Usage Among Healthcare Providers. Cureus 2021; 13:e16350. [PMID: 34395130 PMCID: PMC8360324 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to assess how healthcare professionals (HCPs) use social media to determine how it influences the quality of patient care. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted over eight months, between August 2020 and March 2021 using a questionnaire and checked amongst investigators. Results One hundred fifty-eight participants had electronic devices and 145 (91.9%) used social media at work. 26.6% of these HCPs said they spent less than an hour on social media forums, 31% said they spent one to two hours, 28.5% said two to three hours, and 13.9% said they spent more than four hours. As compared to nurses (46%), consultants and pharmacists use social media at a much lower rate (1% for each group). Compared to junior doctors, a higher percentage of nurses (40%) said they were aware of a social media policy at their hospital (8%). A quarter of healthcare employees (20%) were unaware of their workplace policy, potentially exposing sensitive medical details to the public. More research is needed to assess the particular effects of these results on patient care quality and can help in providing literature informing applications encrypted and secure patient data. Conclusion According to our results, a large percentage of healthcare quality professionals used social media networks. A significant proportion of doctors and nurses use it to visit online medical forums for improving education. A large portion of surveyed sample was unaware of hospital policy on social media usage. Further education is required to improve the right use of social media in the hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Faraz
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, GBR
| | | | - Sarah Craig
- Cardiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, GBR
| | - Waqas Ilyas
- Orthopaedics, Southampton General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, GBR
| | - Fatima Ahmad
- Anesthesia, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, PAK
| | - Muhammad Jamshed
- Internal Medicine, Shrewsbury & Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, GBR
| | - Waleed Riaz
- Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, GBR
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16
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Stefansdottir R, Rognvaldsdottir V, Chen KY, Johannsson E, Brychta RJ. Sleep timing and consistency are associated with the standardised test performance of Icelandic adolescents. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13422. [PMID: 34128282 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep has been shown to affect cognitive function in laboratory studies; however, its association to the academic performance of adolescents has largely been demonstrated using self-reported measures. Studies with objective measures of both sleep and academic performance are limited. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the free-living sleep quantity, quality, and timing of 15-year-old adolescents measured with wrist actiography are associated with their scores on national standardised examinations as an objective measure of academic achievement. We measured sleep with wrist actiography for 1 week in 253 (150 girls) Icelandic adolescents with a mean (SD) age of 15.9 (0.3) years. Multiple linear regression was used to assess associations between sleep parameters and combined standardised examination scores in mathematics, English, and Icelandic obtained from the Icelandic Directorate of Education. We found that students went to bed at 00:49 hours (± 51.8 min) and slept for a mean (SD) of 6.6 (0.7) hr/night, with a median (interquartile range) night-to-night variation in sleep duration of 1.2 (0.7) hr and an efficiency of 88.1 (5.3)%. Combined analyses adjusted for sex, demonstrated that both bedtime and night-to-night variability in total sleep time were negatively associated with the average score across all topics. Sex-specific associations did not indicate clear differences between boys and girls. These findings suggest that, in addition to appropriate sleep duration, public health guidance should also highlight the importance of early and consistent sleep schedules to academic achievement for both boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Stefansdottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert J Brychta
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Booth SA, Carskadon MA, Young R, Short MA. Sleep duration and mood in adolescents: an experimental study. Sleep 2021; 44:6007670. [PMID: 33245773 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study examines the relationship between experimentally manipulated sleep duration and mood in adolescents. METHODS Thirty-four adolescents (20 male), aged 15-17 years, lived in a sleep laboratory for 10 days and 9 nights. They were allocated to one of three sleep "doses" for five consecutive nights for 5, 7.5, or 10 h sleep opportunity per night. Two baseline nights and two recovery nights entailed 10 h sleep opportunity per night. Mood was measured every 3 h during wake using unipolar visual analogue scales measuring the mood states "depressed," "afraid," "angry," "confused," "anxious," "happy," and "energetic." RESULTS Mixed models analyses with post hoc comparisons revealed that participants in the 5-h group, but not the 7.5- or 10-h groups, reported being significantly more depressed, angry, and confused during sleep restriction than at baseline. Adolescents were significantly less happy and energetic during sleep restricted to 5 h and significantly less energetic during sleep restricted to 7.5 h. When adolescents had 10 h sleep opportunities their happiness significantly increased. No statistically significant effects of sleep restriction were found for fear or anxiety, although small-to-moderate effects of sleep restricted to 5 or 7.5 h were found. Two nights of recovery sleep was not sufficient to recover from increased negative mood states for the 5-h group, although recovery occurred for positive mood states. CONCLUSIONS Given the prevalence of insufficient sleep and the rising incidence of mood disorders and dysregulation in adolescents, these findings highlight the importance of sufficient sleep to mitigate these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Booth
- School of Human, Health and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- E. P. Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, RI
| | - Robyn Young
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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18
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Dawson D, Sprajcer M, Thomas M. How much sleep do you need? A comprehensive review of fatigue related impairment and the capacity to work or drive safely. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 151:105955. [PMID: 33383522 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In developed countries, deaths attributable to driving or working while intoxicated have steadily declined over recent decades. In part, this has been due to (a) public education programs about the risks and (b) the deterrence value associated with penalties and prosecutions based on an individual being 'deemed impaired' if they exceed a proscribed level of blood alcohol or drug concentration while driving/working. In contrast, the relative proportion of fatigue-related accidents have remained stubbornly high despite significant public and workplace education. As such, it may be useful to introduce the legal principle of 'deemed impaired' with respect to fatigue and/or sleep loss. A comprehensive review of the impairment and accident literature was performed, including 44 relevant publications. Findings from this review suggests that a driver or worker might reasonably be 'deemed impaired' once the amount of sleep falls below five hours in the prior 24. Building on the legal principles first outlined in recent New Jersey legislation (Maggie's Law), this review argues that an individual can reasonably be 'deemed impaired' based on prior sleep wake behaviour. In Maggie's Law, a driver can be indirectly 'deemed impaired' if they have not slept in the prior 24 h. Based on the extant literature, we argue that, relative to drug and alcohol intoxication, this may be overly conservative. While roadside measurement of fatigue and prior sleep-wake behavior is not yet possible, we suggest that public education programs should provide specific guidance on the amount of sleep required and that post-accident forensic examination of prior sleep wake behaviours may help the community to determine unsafe behaviours and liability more objectively than is currently the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dawson
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - M Sprajcer
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Thomas
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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19
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Hennecke E, Lange D, Steenbergen F, Fronczek-Poncelet J, Elmenhorst D, Bauer A, Aeschbach D, Elmenhorst EM. Adverse interaction effects of chronic and acute sleep deficits on spatial working memory but not on verbal working memory or declarative memory. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13225. [PMID: 33169493 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of chronic sleep deficits combined with acute sleep loss is common in shift workers and increases the risk of errors and accidents. We investigated single and combined effects of chronic and acute sleep loss and recovery sleep on working memory performance (N-back task) and on overnight declarative memory recall (paired-associate lists) in 36 healthy participants. After baseline measurements, the chronic sleep restriction group (n = 21; mean [SD] age 26 [4] years) underwent 5 nights of sleep restriction (5-hr time in bed [TIB]), whereas the control group (n = 15; mean [SD] age 28 [6] years) had 8-hr TIB during those nights. Afterwards, both groups spent 1 night with 8-hr TIB prior to acute sleep deprivation for 38 hr, and a final recovery night (10-hr TIB). Chronic sleep restriction decreased spatial N-back performance compared to baseline (omissions: p = .001; sensitivity: p = .012), but not letter N-back performance or word-pair recall. Acute sleep deprivation impaired spatial N-back performance more in the chronic sleep restriction group than in the control group (interaction between group and time awake: p ≤ .02). No group differences during acute sleep loss appeared in letter N-back performance or word recall. It is concluded that chronic sleep loss, even when followed by a night of recovery sleep, increases the vulnerability to impairments in spatial working memory during subsequent acute sleep loss. Verbal working memory and declarative memory were not affected by restricted sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hennecke
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Denise Lange
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Steenbergen
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - David Elmenhorst
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Neurological Department, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Aeschbach
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Elmenhorst
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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20
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Stefansdottir R, Gundersen H, Rognvaldsdottir V, Lundervold AS, Gestsdottir S, Gudmundsdottir SL, Chen KY, Brychta RJ, Johannsson E. Association between free-living sleep and memory and attention in healthy adolescents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16877. [PMID: 33037281 PMCID: PMC7547704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In laboratory studies, imposed sleep restriction consistently reduces cognitive performance. However, the association between objectively measured, free-living sleep and cognitive function has not been studied in older adolescents. To address this gap, we measured one week of sleep with a wrist-worn GT3X+ actigraph in 160 adolescents (96 girls, 17.7 ± 0.3 years) followed by assessment of working memory with an n-back task and visual attention with a Posner cue-target task. Over the week, participants spent 7.1 ± 0.8 h/night in bed and slept 6.2 ± 0.8 h/night with 88.5 ± 4.8% efficiency and considerable intra-participant night-to-night variation, with a standard deviation in sleep duration of 1.2 ± 0.7 h. Sleep measures the night before cognitive testing were similar to weekly averages. Time in bed the night before cognitive testing was negatively associated with response times during the most challenging memory task (3-back; p = 0.005). However, sleep measures the night before did not correlate with performance on the attention task and weekly sleep parameters were not associated with either cognitive task. Our data suggests shorter acute free-living sleep may negatively impact difficult memory tasks, however the relationship between free-living sleep and cognitive task performance in healthy adolescents is less clear than that of laboratory findings, perhaps due to high night-to-night sleep variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Stefansdottir
- Centre for Sports and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Hilde Gundersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vaka Rognvaldsdottir
- Centre for Sports and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Alexander S Lundervold
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sunna Gestsdottir
- Centre for Sports and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Brychta
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- Centre for Sports and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Stakkahlid, 105, Reykjavík, Iceland. .,Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
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21
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Hayes B, Bainton J. The impact of reduced sleep on school related outcomes for typically developing children aged 11–19: A systematic review. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034320961130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This systematic literature review examines the relationship between restricted and reduced sleep and school performance, learning and cognitive functioning in typically developing adolescents. Correlational and experimental data were evaluated from 17 studies which included participants ranging from 11 to 19 years in studies from seven countries around the world. The review found that there is evidence that restricted and reduced sleep is negatively associated with school performance and cognitive outcomes, although the findings were mixed. Implications for psychologists working with schools are discussed. More research and evaluation is needed to establish how these factors relate to each other conclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hayes
- University College London, UK; Kent Educational Psychology Service, UK
- Bath and North East Somerset Council, UK
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22
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Macchitella L, Marinelli CV, Signore F, Ciavolino E, Angelelli P. Sleepiness, Neuropsychological Skills, and Scholastic Learning in Children. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080529. [PMID: 32784660 PMCID: PMC7464965 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive daytime sleepiness is a frequent condition among children and adolescents that may lead to several and significant daytime consequences, including impaired neurocognitive skills and scholastic performance. Here, we evaluated in one hundred and ninety-one unselected primary school children, the relationship between sleepiness and a wide range of cognitive and academic skills through a standardized neuropsychological test battery. In order to assess the statistical relationship, we performed a partial least squares path modelling, a non-parametrical approach which combined a model of paths between latent variables and the coefficients between indicators and dimensions. Results were validated through the bootstrap approach and suggest that sleepiness is not associated with all cognitive and scholastic abilities, but only with those relying on verbal abilities and complex cognitive functions (i.e., reading comprehension, oral/syntactic comprehension, spelling, and mathematic skills). Our data suggest the idea that sleepiness in children is associated mostly with “higher” (mainly verbal) cognitive function(s), while the visuospatial domain was not affected.
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23
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Sharman R, Illingworth G. Adolescent sleep and school performance — the problem of sleepy teenagers. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Ling J, Sun W, Chan NY, Zhang J, Lam SP, Li AM, Chan JWY, Kyle SD, Li SX. Effects of insomnia symptoms and objective short sleep duration on memory performance in youths. J Sleep Res 2020; 29:e13049. [PMID: 32394606 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep quantity and quality are both important for optimal development and functioning during youth. Yet few studies have examined the effects of insomnia symptoms and objective short sleep duration on memory performance among adolescents and young adults. One-hundred and ninety participants (female: 61.6%) aged from 12 to 24 years completed this study. All participants underwent a clinical interview, a 7-day actigraphic assessment, a battery of self-report questionnaires and cognitive tests to assess working memory and episodic memory. Insomnia symptoms were defined as a score ≥ 9 on the Insomnia Severity Index, and objective short sleep duration was defined as average total sleep time less than 7 hr for those aged 12-17 years, and 6 hr for those aged 18 years and above as assessed by actigraphy. Insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with worse self-perceived memory (p < .05) and poorer performance on the digit span task (p < .01), but not the dual N-back task and verbal learning task. There was no significant difference in any of the memory measures between participants with objective short sleep duration and their counterparts. No interaction effect was found between insomnia and short sleep duration on any of the objective memory outcomes. Insomnia symptoms, but not objective short sleep duration, were associated with poorer subjective memory and objective working memory performance in youths. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking insomnia and memory impairments, and to delineate the long-term impacts of insomnia on other aspects of neurocognitive functioning in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefan Ling
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wanqi Sun
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Ping Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joey Wing Yan Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Cousins JN, Van Rijn E, Ong JL, Chee MWL. A split sleep schedule rescues short-term topographical memory after multiple nights of sleep restriction. Sleep 2020; 42:5306230. [PMID: 30715485 PMCID: PMC6448285 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Chronic sleep restriction in adolescents is widespread, yet we know little about how to apportion the limited amount of sleep obtained to minimize cognitive impairment: should sleep occur only nocturnally, or be split across separate nocturnal and daytime nap periods? This is particularly relevant to hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions that underpin several aspects of learning. Method We assessed hippocampal function in four groups by evaluating short-term topographical memory with the Four Mountains Test (4MT). All participants began with 9 hours nocturnal time-in-bed (TIB) for 2 days before following different sleep schedules over the next 3 days. Each day, one group had 5 hours nocturnal TIB (5.0h; n = 30), another, 6.5 hours nocturnal TIB (6.5h; n = 29), and a third had 6.5 hours split into 5 hours nocturnal TIB and a 1.5 hour TIB daytime nap (5.0 + 1.5h; n = 29). A control group maintained 9 hours nocturnal TIB (9.0h; n = 30). The 4MT was administered mid-afternoon (1.5 hours after awakening for those who napped). Results Performance of the 5.0h and 6.5h nocturnal TIB groups was significantly impaired relative to the 9.0h control group. Performance of participants on the split- sleep schedule (5.0 + 1.5h) did not significantly differ from controls. Conclusions These findings suggest that hippocampal function is sensitive to moderate multi-night sleep restriction, but deficits can be ameliorated by splitting sleep, at least for a period after waking from a daytime nap. While this split sleep schedule should not be considered a replacement for adequate nocturnal sleep, it appears to benefit the cognitive and neurophysiological functions that underpin learning in those who are chronically sleep deprived.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Cousins
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Elaine Van Rijn
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Ju Lynn Ong
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
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26
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Perfect MM. Sleep-related disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: current insights. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:101-123. [PMID: 32104119 PMCID: PMC7023878 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s152555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition that results from destruction of beta cells in the pancreas. Several reviews have concluded that sleep contributes to poor glycemic control, diabetes management, and diabetes-related complications in individuals with T1DM and represents an untapped opportunity for intervention. However, at the current juncture, the American Diabetes Association's Standards of Medical Care are devoid of recommendations about how to address sleep in the management of T1DM. This article summarizes reviews of sleep in youth and adults with T1DM and empirical studies that have examined various sleep parameters ranging from sleep disturbances (general, perceived sleep quality, sleepiness, awakenings, and sleep efficiency), sleep duration, sleep consistency, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and sleep architecture. The data show that many individuals with T1DM sleep less than recommendations; individuals with the poorest sleep have difficulties with diabetes management; and sleep deficiency including SDB often corresponds to several disease morbidities (neuropathy, nephropathy, etc). Mixed findings exist regarding direct associations of various sleep parameters and glycemic control. SDB appears to be just as prevalent, if not more, than other conditions that have been recommended for universal screening in individuals with T1DM. The article concludes with recommendations for collaborative research efforts to further elucidate the role of sleep in diabetes-related outcomes; investigations to test behavioral strategies to increase sleep quantity and consistency; and considerations for clinical care to address sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Perfect
- Department of Disability and Psychoeducational Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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27
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Thomas MSC, Ansari D, Knowland VCP. Annual Research Review: Educational neuroscience: progress and prospects. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:477-492. [PMID: 30345518 PMCID: PMC6487963 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Educational neuroscience is an interdisciplinary research field that seeks to translate research findings on neural mechanisms of learning to educational practice and policy and to understand the effects of education on the brain. Neuroscience and education can interact directly, by virtue of considering the brain as a biological organ that needs to be in the optimal condition to learn ('brain health'); or indirectly, as neuroscience shapes psychological theory and psychology influences education. In this article, we trace the origins of educational neuroscience, its main areas of research activity and the principal challenges it faces as a translational field. We consider how a pure psychology approach that ignores neuroscience is at risk of being misleading for educators. We address the major criticisms of the field comprising, respectively, a priori arguments against the relevance of neuroscience to education, reservations with the current practical operation of the field, and doubts about the viability of neuroscience methods for diagnosing disorders or predicting individual differences. We consider future prospects of the field and ethical issues it raises. Finally, we discuss the challenge of responding to the (welcome) desire of education policymakers to include neuroscience evidence in their policymaking, while ensuring recommendations do not exceed the limitations of current basic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. C. Thomas
- Centre for Educational NeuroscienceDepartment of Psychological ScienceBirkbeckUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Psychology & Faculty of Education Western UniversityLondonONCanada
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Chary M, McQuillan ME, Bates JE, Deater-Deckard K. Maternal Executive Function and Sleep Interact in the Prediction of Negative Parenting. Behav Sleep Med 2018; 18:203-216. [PMID: 30585094 PMCID: PMC6592784 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2018.1549042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective/Background: Poorer executive function (EF) has been implicated in the etiology of negative parenting (e.g., harsh, reactive, intrusive). EF may be affected by good or poor quality sleep, and thus sleep may be involved in negative parenting. In the current exploratory study, we investigated the additive and interactive effects of maternal EF and sleep indicators in the statistical prediction of negative parenting. Patients/Methods: A sample of 241 mothers of 2.5-year-olds (51% girls) completed questionnaires, wore wrist actigraphs for one week, and completed several EF tasks during a laboratory visit. Results/Conclusions: We found that sleep activity (e.g., nighttime waking and movements) interacted with EF in predicting negative parenting practices, such that poorer EF was linked with more negative parenting only in the context of higher levels of night waking. Sleep duration also interacted with EF, such that EF and parenting were no longer associated when sleep durations were short. The findings have implications for incorporating sleep into our understanding of maternal cognitive self-regulation and harsh parenting during early childhood development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Chary
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, UMass Amherst
| | | | - John E. Bates
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, UMass Amherst,Corresponding author ()
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Sleep, hippocampal volume, and cognition in adults over 90 years old. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:1307-1318. [PMID: 30178444 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-1030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of research support associations between sleep and cognition in older adults. However, there is a paucity of data regarding sleep and cognition in nonagenarians and centenarians. AIMS The current study examined self-reported sleep quantity and sleep quality in relation to hippocampal volume and cognition in adults aged 90 and older. METHODS A total of 144 participants of The 90+ Study completed The Medical Outcomes Study sleep questionnaire. Participants reported subjective sleep duration in hours and three sleep quality factors: sleep problems, adequacy, and somnolence. Neuropsychological assessments of memory, global cognition, language, and executive function were completed, on average, 61 days from the questionnaire. Hippocampal volume on 3 T MRI, adjusted for intracranial volume, was obtained in 82 participants. We performed multiple linear regressions, controlling for age, sex, education, sleep medication, and depression, to examine sleep characteristics in relation to hippocampal volume and cognitive performance in all the subjects and then stratified by cognition. RESULTS Sleep duration > 8 h was associated with lower scores in tests of global cognition, memory, and executive function compared to sleep duration of 7-8 h when collapsing across cognitive status, but only with memory in cognitively impaired subjects, and not in cognitively normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION Long-sleep duration is associated with poorer global cognition, memory, and executive function in the oldest-old, and is only associated with memory in cognitively impaired oldest-old. Additional research is necessary to determine if sleep duration is a risk factor or a result of poor cognition in advanced age.
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A daytime nap enhances visual working memory performance and alters event-related delay activity. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:1105-1120. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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Sun W, Li SX, Jiang Y, Xu X, Spruyt K, Zhu Q, Tseng CH, Jiang F. A Community-Based Study of Sleep and Cognitive Development in Infants and Toddlers. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:977-984. [PMID: 29852903 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence and correlates of nighttime awakenings and to explore the association between sleep and cognitive development in a community sample of infants and toddlers. METHODS A total of 590 healthy infants (aged 2-11 months) and 512 toddlers (aged 12-30 months) from 8 provinces of China were assessed for their sleep and cognitive development. Data on sleep duration and nighttime awakenings were collected through the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Cognitive development was assessed by trained pediatricians using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. RESULTS Prevalence of no nighttime awakening, and nighttime awakening(s) for 1×/night, 2×/night, and ≥ 3×/night was 6.8%, 20.2%, 33.2%, and 39.3% in infants, and was 25.8%, 34.6%, 23.8%, and 15.8% in toddlers, respectively. Nighttime awakenings were generally associated with younger age, lower maternal education level, and being currently breastfed. In addition, nighttime awakenings were associated with being boys in toddlers. After controlling for potential confounders, infants with nighttime awakenings for 2×/night were found to have significantly higher Mental Development Index (MDI) score, as compared to those without and those with more frequent nighttime awakenings. However, toddlers with nighttime awakenings for ≥ 3×/night had significantly lower MDI, as compared to those with fewer nighttime awakenings. Total sleep duration was not associated with any developmental indices in both infants and toddlers. CONCLUSIONS Frequent nighttime awakenings are associated with poor cognitive functions in toddlers. Meanwhile, a nonlinear association between nighttime awakenings and cognitive performance was found among infants. The findings provide a developmental context for the effect of sleep on cognitive abilities in young children. Further longitudinal studies and interventional studies on the effects of parent-based sleep-focused intervention on cognitive abilities among young children are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Sun
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China.,Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yanrui Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Karen Spruyt
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Physiology of Brain Arousal Systems, Center of Research in Neuroscience of Lyon, School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, France
| | - Qi Zhu
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Huei Tseng
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fan Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China
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Davidson F, Rusak B, Chambers C, Corkum P. The Impact of Sleep Restriction on Daytime Functioning in School-Age Children With and Without ADHD: A Narrative Review of the Literature. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0829573518770593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this narrative review was to synthesize the existing literature on the impact of sleep on daytime functioning in both typically developing (TD) children and children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Correlational studies in children suggest that insufficient sleep and impaired daytime functioning are significantly associated; however, this does not address the causal relationships between sleep and daytime functioning. The review results indicated that there is limited experimental sleep manipulation research in children. In the eight studies that employed experimental methods to examine sleep restriction, the consequences of insufficient sleep were greatest for attention and inconsistent for other domains, such as cognition and emotion regulation. Despite the significant co-occurrence of ADHD and sleep problems, the experimental sleep research focused on the daytime impact of shorter sleep in children with ADHD is extremely limited and as such more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Penny Corkum
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Levenson JC, Shensa A, Sidani JE, Colditz JB, Primack BA. Social Media Use Before Bed and Sleep Disturbance Among Young Adults in the United States: A Nationally Representative Study. Sleep 2018; 40:3926043. [PMID: 28934521 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Social media (SM) use has been positively associated with disturbed sleep among young adults. However, previous studies have not elucidated the specific importance of SM use immediately before bed. We aimed to determine the independent association of SM use during the 30 minutes before bed and disturbed sleep while controlling for covariates including total SM use throughout the day. Methods We assessed a nationally representative sample of 1763 US young adults aged 19-32. Participants estimated to what extent they used SM in the 30 minutes before bed. We assessed sleep disturbance using the brief Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Sleep Disturbance measure. After testing the proportional odds assumption, we used ordered logistic regression to compute the independent association between SM use before bed and sleep disturbance controlling for covariates, including total SM use. Results Compared with those who rarely or very rarely check SM in the 30 minutes before bed, those who often or very often check SM at that time had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.62 (95% confidence interval = 1.31-2.34) for increased sleep disturbance. Additionally, we found a significant linear trend in the odds ratios between the frequency of checking SM in the 30 minutes before bed and increased sleep disturbance (p = .007). Results were consistent in all sensitivity analyses. Conclusions SM use in the 30 minutes before bed is independently associated with disturbed sleep among young adults. Future work should use qualitative and experimental methods to further elucidate the directionality of-and mechanisms underlying-this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Levenson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ariel Shensa
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jaime E Sidani
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jason B Colditz
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brian A Primack
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Galland BC, Short MA, Terrill P, Rigney G, Haszard JJ, Coussens S, Foster-Owens M, Biggs SN. Establishing normal values for pediatric nighttime sleep measured by actigraphy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep 2018; 41:4954015. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Galland
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Philip Terrill
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Rigney
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jillian J Haszard
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Scott Coussens
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mistral Foster-Owens
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah N Biggs
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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35
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Peracchia S, Curcio G. Exposure to video games: effects on sleep and on post-sleep cognitive abilities. A sistematic review of experimental evidences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 11:302-314. [PMID: 30746049 PMCID: PMC6361300 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20180046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The public opinion is ever more interested and worried about possible effects of
exposure to VGs (video games) on human life and well-being. Scientific
literature shows several evidences highlighting negative outcomes on
behavioural, emotive, cognitive and physical health spheres. All these aspects
are intrinsically linked to sleep quality and quantity and to date very few
studies directly investigated the effects of videogame (VG) exposure on sleep
and post-sleep cognitive status. The aim of the present systematic review is to
examine the impact that the exposure to VGs can produce on sleep pattern and the
consequent post-sleep cognitive abilities. To this extent, only studies directly
investigating the effects of VGs on sleep features and post-sleep cognitive
abilities have been selected and discussed. Data currently present in literature
show the alteration of sleep pattern after exposure to VGs. The analysis
indicated a reduction of Total Sleep Time (TST) and an increase of Sleep Onset
Latency (SOL), modifications of the REM sleep and Slow Wave Sleep (SWS), and
increased sleepiness and self-perceived fatigue. Moreover, post-sleep sustained
attention and verbal memory also appear to be impaired. It can be concluded that
playing VGs for long periods, particularly in the evening, is a significant,
common and probable cause of sleep problems: evening exposure to VGs, in fact,
can bring to insufficient and low quality sleep, with possible effects on
cognition in the subsequent waking days. Potential methodological flaws and
limitations of these studies have also been described and discussed. Because of
the very limited number of available study on this topic further research is
strongly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peracchia
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences - L'Aquila - Italy - Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curcio
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences - L'Aquila - Italy - Italy
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36
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Gozal D. Sleep and electronic media exposure in adolescents: the rule of diminishing returns. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Gozal D. Sleep and electronic media exposure in adolescents: the rule of diminishing returns. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017; 93:545-547. [PMID: 28441514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Gozal
- University of Chicago, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, United States.
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38
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Beebe DW, Field J, Milller MM, Miller LE, LeBlond E. Impact of Multi-Night Experimentally Induced Short Sleep on Adolescent Performance in a Simulated Classroom. Sleep 2017; 40:2666708. [PMID: 28364497 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Investigate whether a realistic "dose" of shortened sleep, relative to a well-rested state, causes a decline in adolescents' learning and an increase in inattentive and sleepy behaviors in a simulated classroom setting. Methods Eighty-seven healthy 14.0- to 16.9-year olds underwent a 3-week sleep manipulation protocol, including two 5-night sleep manipulation conditions presented in a randomly counterbalanced within-subjects cross-over design. Wake time was held constant. Bedtimes were set to induce Short Sleep (SS; 6.5 hours in bed) versus Healthy Sleep (HS; 10 hours in bed). During the morning at the end of each condition, participants underwent a simulated classroom procedure in which they viewed lecture-based educational videotapes and completed relevant quizzes. Their behaviors in the simulated classroom were later coded by condition-blind raters for evidence of inattention and sleepiness. Results Adolescents had a longer average sleep period during HS (9.1 hours) than SS (6.5 hours). Compared to scores during HS, adolescents scored significantly lower on the quiz, showed more behaviors suggestive of inattention and sleepiness in the simulated classroom, and were reported by adolescents themselves and by their parents to be more inattentive and sleepy during SS. However, the impact of the manipulation on quiz scores was not mediated by changes in attention or sleepiness. Conclusions Although effect sizes were modest, these findings suggest that previously-reported correlations between sleep duration and academic performance reflect true cause-effect relationships. Findings add to the growing evidence that the chronically shortened sleep experienced by many adolescents on school nights adversely impacts their functioning and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean W Beebe
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine,Cincinnati, OH
| | - Julie Field
- Immaculate Heart of Mary School, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Megan M Milller
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis,Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lauren E Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut,Storrs, CT
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Gosselin D, De Koninck J, Campbell K. Novel Measures to Assess the Effects of Partial Sleep Deprivation on Sensory, Working, and Permanent Memory. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1607. [PMID: 29033864 PMCID: PMC5625020 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleepiness has repeatedly been demonstrated to affect performance on a variety of cognitive tasks. While the effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD) have been extensively studied, acute partial sleep deprivation (PSD), a more frequent form of sleep loss, has been studied much less often. The present study examined the effects of sleep deprivation on novel tasks involving classic sensory, working, and permanent memory systems. While the tasks did implicate different memory systems, they shared a need for effortful, sustained attention to maintain successful performance. Because of the novelty of the tasks, an initial study of the effects of TSD was carried out. The effects of PSD were subsequently examined in a second study, in which subjects were permitted only 4 h of sleep. A general detrimental effect of both total and PSD on accuracy of detection was observed and to a lesser extent, a slowing of the speed of responding on the different tasks. This overall effect is best explained by the often-reported inability to sustain attention following sleep loss. Specific effects on distinct cognitive processes were also observed, and these were more apparent following total than PSD.
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40
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Lowe CJ, Safati A, Hall PA. The neurocognitive consequences of sleep restriction: A meta-analytic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:586-604. [PMID: 28757454 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The current meta-analytic review evaluated the effects of experimentally manipulated sleep restriction on neurocognitive functioning. Random-effects models were employed to estimate the overall effect size and the differential effect size across cognitive domains. Age, time of day, age-adjusted sleep deficit, cumulative days of restricted sleep, sleep latency, subjective sleepiness, and biological sex were examined as potential moderators of the effect. Based on a sample of 61 studies, from 71 different populations, findings revealed a significant negative effect of sleep restriction on cognitive processing across cognitive domains (g=-0.383, p<0.001). This effect held for executive functioning (g=-0.324, p<0.001), sustained attention (g=-0.409, p<0.001), and long-term memory (g=-0.192, p=0.002). There was insufficient evidence to detect an effect within the domains of attention, multitask, impulsive decision-making or intelligence. Age group, time of day, cumulative days of restricted sleep, sleep latency, subjective sleepiness, and biological sex were all significant moderators of the overall effect. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis is the first comprehensive review to provide evidence that short-term sleep restriction significantly impairs waking neurocognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J Lowe
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Adrian Safati
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Peter A Hall
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Geoffray MM, Nicolas A, Speranza M, Georgieff N. Are circadian rhythms new pathways to understand Autism Spectrum Disorder? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 28625682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a frequent neurodevelopmental disorder. ASD is probably the result of intricate interactions between genes and environment altering progressively the development of brain structures and functions. Circadian rhythms are a complex intrinsic timing system composed of almost as many clocks as there are body cells. They regulate a variety of physiological and behavioral processes such as the sleep-wake rhythm. ASD is often associated with sleep disorders and low levels of melatonin. This first point raises the hypothesis that circadian rhythms could have an implication in ASD etiology. Moreover, circadian rhythms are generated by auto-regulatory genetic feedback loops, driven by transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1, who drive transcription daily patterns of a wide number of clock-controlled genes (CCGs) in different cellular contexts across tissues. Among these, are some CCGs coding for synapses molecules associated to ASD susceptibility. Furthermore, evidence emerges about circadian rhythms control of time brain development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-M Geoffray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, Lyon, France.
| | - A Nicolas
- Unité d'exploration Hypnologique, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier spécialisé Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
| | - M Speranza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital of Versailles, France
| | - N Georgieff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, Lyon, France
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Clock Genes and Altered Sleep-Wake Rhythms: Their Role in the Development of Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050938. [PMID: 28468274 PMCID: PMC5454851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the circadian clocks network (central and peripheral oscillators) controls circadian rhythms and orchestrates the expression of a range of downstream genes, allowing the organism to anticipate and adapt to environmental changes. Beyond their role in circadian rhythms, several studies have highlighted that circadian clock genes may have a more widespread physiological effect on cognition, mood, and reward-related behaviors. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms in core circadian clock genes have been associated with psychiatric disorders (such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). However, the underlying mechanisms of these associations remain to be ascertained and the cause–effect relationships are not clearly established. The objective of this article is to clarify the role of clock genes and altered sleep–wake rhythms in the development of psychiatric disorders (sleep problems are often observed at early onset of psychiatric disorders). First, the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms are described. Then, the relationships between disrupted circadian rhythms, including sleep–wake rhythms, and psychiatric disorders are discussed. Further research may open interesting perspectives with promising avenues for early detection and therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders.
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43
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Agostini A, Carskadon MA, Dorrian J, Coussens S, Short MA. An experimental study of adolescent sleep restriction during a simulated school week: changes in phase, sleep staging, performance and sleepiness. J Sleep Res 2016; 26:227-235. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Agostini
- Centre for Sleep Research; School of Psychology; Social Work and Social Policy; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Mary A. Carskadon
- Centre for Sleep Research; School of Psychology; Social Work and Social Policy; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory; EP Bradley Hospital; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence RI USA
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- Centre for Sleep Research; School of Psychology; Social Work and Social Policy; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Scott Coussens
- Centre for Sleep Research; School of Psychology; Social Work and Social Policy; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory; School of Psychology; Social Work and Social Policy; University of South Australia; Magill Australia
| | - Michelle A. Short
- Centre for Sleep Research; School of Psychology; Social Work and Social Policy; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- School of Psychology; Flinders University; Adelaide Australia
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44
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Chronic sleep deprivation differentially affects short and long-term operant memory in Aplysia. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 134 Pt B:349-59. [PMID: 27555235 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The induction, formation and maintenance of memory represent dynamic processes modulated by multiple factors including the circadian clock and sleep. Chronic sleep restriction has become common in modern society due to occupational and social demands. Given the impact of cognitive impairments associated with sleep deprivation, there is a vital need for a simple animal model in which to study the interactions between chronic sleep deprivation and memory. We used the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, with its simple nervous system, nocturnal sleep pattern and well-characterized learning paradigms, to assess the effects of two chronic sleep restriction paradigms on short-term (STM) and long-term (LTM) associative memory. The effects of sleep deprivation on memory were evaluated using the operant learning paradigm, learning that food is inedible, in which the animal associates a specific netted seaweed with failed swallowing attempts. We found that two nights of 6h sleep deprivation occurring during the first or last half of the night inhibited both STM and LTM. Moreover, the impairment in STM persisted for more than 24h. A milder, prolonged sleep deprivation paradigm consisting of 3 consecutive nights of 4h sleep deprivation also blocked STM, but had no effect on LTM. These experiments highlight differences in the sensitivity of STM and LTM to chronic sleep deprivation. Moreover, these results establish Aplysia as a valid model for studying the interactions between chronic sleep deprivation and associative memory paving the way for future studies delineating the mechanisms through which sleep restriction affects memory formation.
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45
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Nakagawa S, Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Sekiguchi A, Kotozaki Y, Miyauchi CM, Iizuka K, Yokoyama R, Shinada T, Yamamoto Y, Hanawa S, Araki T, Kunitoki K, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. Sex-Related Differences in the Effects of Sleep Habits on Verbal and Visuospatial Working Memory. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1128. [PMID: 27516751 PMCID: PMC4963384 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality negatively affects memory performance, and working memory in particular. We investigated sleep habits related to sleep quality including sleep duration, daytime nap duration, nap frequency, and dream content recall frequency (DCRF). Declarative working memory can be subdivided into verbal working memory (VWM) and visuospatial working memory (VSWM). We hypothesized that sleep habits would have different effects on VWM and VSWM. To our knowledge, our study is the first to investigate differences between VWM and VSWM related to daytime nap duration, nap frequency, and DCRF. Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis that the effects of duration and frequency of daytime naps and DCRF on VWM and VSWM differed according to sex. We assessed 779 healthy right-handed individuals (434 males and 345 females; mean age: 20.7 ± 1.8 years) using a digit span forward and backward VWM task, a forward and backward VSWM task, and sleep habits scales. A correlation analysis was used to test the relationships between VWM capacity (VWMC) and VSWM capacity (VSWMC) scores and sleep duration, nap duration, nap frequency, and DCRF. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with VWMC and VSWMC scores and to identify sex-related differences. We found significant positive correlations between VSWMC and nap duration and DCRF, and between VWMC and sleep duration in all subjects. Furthermore, we found that working memory capacity (WMC) was positively correlated with nap duration in males and with sleep duration in females, and DCRF was positively correlated with VSWMC in females. Our finding of sex-related differences in the effects of sleep habits on WMC has not been reported previously. The associations between WMC and sleep habits differed according to sex because of differences in the underlying neural correlates of VWM and VSWM, and effectiveness of the sleep habits in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendai, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Carlos M Miyauchi
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yokoyama
- School of Medicine, Kobe UniversityKobe, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyo, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Shinada
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuko Sassa
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
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46
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Perfect MM, Beebe D, Levine-Donnerstein D, Frye SS, Bluez GP, Quan SF. The Development of a Clinically Relevant Sleep Modification Protocol for Youth with Type 1 Diabetes. CLINICAL PRACTICE IN PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 4:227-240. [PMID: 27747146 DOI: 10.1037/cpp0000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Findings from type 2 diabetes research indicate that sleep is both a predictor of onset and a correlate of disease progression. However, the role sleep plays in glucose regulation and daytime functioning in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has not been systematically investigated. Nonetheless, preliminary findings have supported that various sleep parameters are strongly correlated to health-related and neurobehavioral outcomes in youth with T1DM. This suggests that improving sleep might reduce morbidity. A critical step in developing evidence-based guidelines regarding sleep in diabetes management is to first determine that sleep modification in natural settings is possible (i.e., instructing youth to have a healthy sleep opportunity leads to more total sleep time) and that an increased sleep duration impacts disease and psychosocial outcomes in these youth. This article describes the background, design, and feasibility of an ongoing randomized clinical trial that aims to examine if increasing sleep relative to youth's own sleep routines affects glucose control and daytime functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Perfect
- Disability and Psychoeducational Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Dean Beebe
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati's Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Sara S Frye
- Disability and Psychoeducational Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Grai P Bluez
- Disability and Psychoeducational Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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47
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Levenson JC, Shensa A, Sidani JE, Colditz JB, Primack BA. The association between social media use and sleep disturbance among young adults. Prev Med 2016; 85:36-41. [PMID: 26791323 PMCID: PMC4857587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many factors contribute to sleep disturbance among young adults. Social media (SM) use is increasing rapidly, and little is known regarding its association with sleep disturbance. METHODS In 2014 we assessed a nationally representative sample of 1788 U.S. young adults ages 19-32. SM volume and frequency were assessed by self-reported minutes per day spent on SM (volume) and visits per week (frequency) using items adapted from the Pew Internet Research Questionnaire. We assessed sleep disturbance using the brief Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) sleep disturbance measure. Analyses performed in Pittsburgh utilized chi-square tests and ordered logistic regression using sample weights in order to estimate effects for the total U.S. RESULTS In models that adjusted for all sociodemographic covariates, participants with higher SM use volume and frequency had significantly greater odds of having sleep disturbance. For example, compared with those in the lowest quartile of SM use per day, those in the highest quartile had an AOR of 1.95 (95% CI=1.37-2.79) for sleep disturbance. Similarly, compared with those in the lowest quartile of SM use frequency per week, those in the highest quartile had an AOR of 2.92 (95% CI=1.97-4.32) for sleep disturbance. All associations demonstrated a significant linear trend. DISCUSSION The strong association between SM use and sleep disturbance has important clinical implications for the health and well-being of young adults. Future work should aim to assess directionality and to better understand the influence of contextual factors associated with SM use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Levenson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ariel Shensa
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jaime E Sidani
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jason B Colditz
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brian A Primack
- Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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de Bruin EJ, van Run C, Staaks J, Meijer AM. Effects of sleep manipulation on cognitive functioning of adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2016; 32:45-57. [PMID: 27039223 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents are considered to be at risk for deteriorated cognitive functioning due to insufficient sleep. This systematic review examined the effects of experimental sleep manipulation on adolescent cognitive functioning. Sleep manipulations consisted of total or partial sleep restriction, sleep extension, and sleep improvement. Only articles written in English, with participants' mean age between 10 and 19 y, using objective sleep measures and cognitive performance as outcomes were included. Based on these criteria 16 articles were included. The results showed that the sleep manipulations were successful. Partial sleep restriction had small or no effects on adolescent cognitive functioning. Sleep deprivation studies showed decrements in the psychomotor vigilance task as most consistent finding. Sleep extension and sleep improvement contributed to improvement of working memory. Sleep directly after learning improved memory consolidation. Due to the great diversity of tests and lack of coherent results, decisive conclusions could not be drawn about which domains in particular were influenced by sleep manipulation. Small number of participants, not accounting for the role of sleep quality, individual differences in sleep need, compensatory mechanisms in adolescent sleep and cognitive functioning, and the impurity problem of cognitive tests might explain the absence of more distinct results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard J de Bruin
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Chris van Run
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Staaks
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Marie Meijer
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Short MA, Louca M. Sleep deprivation leads to mood deficits in healthy adolescents. Sleep Med 2015; 16:987-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Del Angel J, Cortez J, Juárez D, Guerrero M, García A, Ramírez C, Valdez P. Effects of sleep reduction on the phonological and visuospatial components of working memory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:68-74. [PMID: 26483947 PMCID: PMC4608896 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep reduction impairs the performance of many tasks, so it may affect a basic cognitive process, such as working memory, crucial for the execution of a broad range of activities. Working memory has two storage components: a phonological and a visuospatial component. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of sleep reduction for 5 days on the storage components of working memory. Thirteen undergraduate students (18.77±2.20 years of age), 5 men and 8 women, responded two N-Back tasks (auditory and visual), with three sections each (0-Back, 1-Back, and 2-Back). These tasks were performed at 13:00 h under the following conditions: before sleep reduction (control; C); on the first (SR1), fourth (SR4), and fifth (SR5) days of sleep reduction (4 h of sleep per night); and one day after they slept freely (recovery, R). Sleep reduction produced a decrement in accuracy on the auditory 2-Back section the fifth day of sleep reduction (C=87.86±13.35%; SR5=74.76±16.37%; F=14.57, p<0.01). In the visual 2-Back section accuracy decreased (C=88.10±9.95%; SR1=82.45±11.57%; SR5=77.76±14.14%; F=10.80, p<0.05), and reaction time increased (C=810.02±173.96 ms; SR1=913.51±172.25 ms; SR5=874.78±172.27 ms; F=10.80, p<0.05) on the first and fifth day of sleep reduction. In conclusion, five days of sleep reduction produces a decrease in the phonological and visuospatial storage components of working memory, which may interfere with processing verbal information and solving problems that require spatial analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Del Angel
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Juventino Cortez
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Diana Juárez
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Martha Guerrero
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Aída García
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Candelaria Ramírez
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Pablo Valdez
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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