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Trabsa A, Casanovas F, Pérez V, Moreno A, Amann B, Mané A. Comparison of male and female non-refugee immigrants with psychosis: clinical, sociodemographic, and migration-related differences and impact on stress. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01431-7. [PMID: 38374484 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare social, clinical, and migration-related factors between male and female immigrants with psychotic disorders and to determine the association between these variables and stress in the last year. METHODS We administered the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Scale to evaluate psychological stress in 99 non-refugee immigrants (26 women, 73 men) who presented ≥ one psychotic episode (ICD-10 criteria). We compared the two groups in terms of sociodemographic, clinical, cultural, and migration-related variables. A multivariable analysis using a linear regression model (stepwise method) was performed to evaluate potential associations between these variables and stress. RESULTS Women were more likely to be married and divorced, had less access to welfare payments, and lower unemployment and homeless rates than men. The most common psychiatric diagnosis was psychosis not otherwise specified with more women being affected (61.5% in women vs. 45.2% in men), but the diagnosis of schizophrenia was more common in men (38.4% vs 15.4%). Both groups exhibited very high levels of stress in the past year (mean total distress score > 300). In women, stress was significantly associated with age at first migration and be a racialized person. By contrast, among men stress was significantly associated with language barrier and comorbidity with a physical disorder. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study reveal important differences between men and women immigrants. These findings underscore the importance of understanding how gender-specific roles and social expectations intersect with the timing and nature of migration to influence stress levels differently in immigrant women and men with psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Trabsa
- PhD Programme, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Mental Health, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 25-29, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, C/del Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Casanovas
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, C/del Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Institute of Mental Health, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 25-29, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, C/del Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, C/Llull 410, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, C/Llull 410, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedikt Amann
- Institute of Mental Health, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 25-29, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, C/del Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, C/Llull 410, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Mané
- Institute of Mental Health, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 25-29, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, C/del Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, C/Llull 410, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.
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Marc G, Mitrofan L, Vlad CIM. The relationship between critical life events, psycho-emotional health and life satisfaction among youths: coping mechanisms and emotional regulation. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1288774. [PMID: 38274677 PMCID: PMC10808576 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1288774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Several studies in the specialized literature have reported that events such as the death of a loved one, job loss, divorce, illness, or retirement lead to an increase in the level of stress felt, and subsequently stress affects the person on several levels of life, such as: personal, relational, social, academic and at the same time sanogenic. The present paper explored the relationship between critical life events and psycho-emotional health among youths and the manner in which this relationship is mediated by the level of life satisfaction. Methods The data was extracted using a sample of participants (between 20 and 40 years old) from several cities in Romania, who experienced one or more critical life events during the last year. Data organization and hypothesis testing were performed using IBM SPSS 23 and jamovi programs. For this purpose we used the simple regression analysis, Pearson correlation and mediation analysis. The scales used to conduct the research were: RS-14, SRRS, ERQ, CERQ, DASS-21 and SWLS. Results The final sample of the study totaled 190 female and male Romanian participants aged between 20 and 40 (M = 24.45, SD = 5.27) who had experienced critical events during the last year, leading to psycho-emotional destabilization and a significantly lower level of life satisfaction. The prevalence of critical life events among these participants varied from one to five events (55.26%) and up to more than 16 critical events in the past year (2.63%). The presence of these events led to increased levels of stress, anxiety, or depression among participants. Furthermore, it appears that the presence of a high number of critical life events led to a decreased life satisfaction among participants, along with a greater tendency toward catastrophizing. Conclusion Critical life events are increasingly frequent events in everyday life, and youth seems to be the period with the most changes. The research findings add to current findings about the practical implications that critical life events have on psycho-emotional health among youths. Therefore it appears to be a close relationship between critical life events, psycho-emotional health, and emotional regulation. At the same time, it seems that coping mechanisms have a central role in the level of life satisfaction among youths.
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Wallace D, Cooper NR, Sel A, Russo R. The social readjustment rating scale: Updated and modernised. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295943. [PMID: 38109368 PMCID: PMC10727443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Social Readjustment Rating Scale, originally devised in 1967 by Holmes and Rahe, measures the impact of life events stress. At the time, the SRRS advanced its field of research by standardising the impact of stress with a set of independently derived weights called 'life change units' (LCUs) for 43 life events found to predict illness onset. The scale has been criticised for being outdated, e.g. "Mortgage over $10,000" and biased, e.g. "Wife begin or stop work". The aim of this cross-sectional survey study is to update and improve the SRRS whilst allowing backwards compatibility. We successfully updated the SRRS norms/LCUs using the ratings of 540 predominantly UK adults aged 18 to 84. Moreover, we also updated wording of 12 SRRS items and evaluated the impact of demographics, personal experience and loneliness. Using non-parametric frequentist and Bayesian statistics we found that the updated weights were higher but broadly consistent with those of the original study. Furthermore, changes to item wording did not affect raters' evaluations relative to the original thereby ensuring cross-comparability with the original SRRS. The raters were not unduly influenced by their personal experiences of events nor loneliness. The target sample was UK rather than US-based and was proportionately representative regarding age, sex and ethnicity. Moreover, the age range was broader than the original SRRS. In addition, we modernised item wording, added one optional extra item to the end of the scale to evaluate the readjustment to living alone and identified 3 potential new items proposed by raters. Backwards-compatibility is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Wallace
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Cooper
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Sel
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Russo
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
- Department of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Trabsa A, Redolar-Ripoll D, Vargas L, Llimona A, Hogg B, Valiente-Gómez A, Pérez V, Moreno-Alcázar A, Amann BL. A comparison of PTSD and traumatic event rates in a clinical sample of non-refugee immigrants and native-born individuals with a psychotic disorder: a case-control study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2263151. [PMID: 37846737 PMCID: PMC10583634 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2263151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Migration is a multi-stage social process linked to traumatic event exposure and a notably increased risk of psychosis. Although these conditions affect refugee and non-refugee immigrants, prior trauma research has focused mainly on the refugee population.Objective: To compare and describe the rate and the clinical characterization of PTSD and traumatic events between non-refugee immigrants and native-born individuals with psychotic disorder.Methods: 99 immigrants and 99 native-born individuals (n = 198) with at least one psychotic episode according to DSM-5 criteria were compared on the rate of PTSD diagnosis and traumatic events, using standardized and validated trauma scales.Results: In the non-refugee immigrant group, 31% met diagnostic criteria for PTSD compared to only 7.1% in the native-born group. Total scores in childhood trauma and last year stressful events were 1.5 and 2 times higher in non-refugee immigrants, respectively. Likewise, cumulative lifetime trauma was three times higher in non-refugee immigrants. Finally, non-refugee immigrants reported more violent and life-threatening traumatic events than native-born individuals.Conclusions: These results are relevant since they highlight that non-refugee immigrants with psychotic disorders are highly trauma-exposed, meaning a routine trauma assessment and a trauma-focused intervention for this population should be included in individualized treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Trabsa
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Mental Health Institute Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Redolar-Ripoll
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Cognitive NeuroLab, Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Vargas
- Mental Health Institute Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Llimona
- Mental Health Institute Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bridget Hogg
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Valiente-Gómez
- Mental Health Institute Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Mental Health Institute Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Moreno-Alcázar
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedikt L. Amann
- Mental Health Institute Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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Rojo M, Lacruz T, Solano S, Gutiérrez A, Beltrán‐Garrayo L, Veiga OL, Graell M, Sepúlveda AR. Family-reported barriers and predictors of short-term attendance in a multidisciplinary intervention for managing childhood obesity: A psycho-family-system based randomised controlled trial (ENTREN-F). EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2022; 30:746-759. [PMID: 35644038 PMCID: PMC9796111 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to examine patient enrolment in the pre-intervention stage, family-reported barriers, attendance rates and underlying predictors of short-term attendance in a family-system-based randomised controlled trial for managing childhood obesity in children aged 8-12-years-old (ENTREN-F). METHOD Psychosocial and anthropometric measures were collected through primary health referral. The data were used for descriptive analyses of sample characteristics and linear regression analyses. RESULTS Low enrolment rates and several family-reported barriers were observed in the pre-intervention stage. Logistical barriers were the most frequent family-reported reason for attrition in the different stages of the study. Having a first face-to-face orientation session with the families and the use of motivational interviewing helped to improve adherence in the initial phases of the study. After 6 months of intervention, family based treatments (FBTs) under consideration achieve greater adherence compared with the standard intervention. Moreover, family involvement was a predictor of success for better treatment adherence rates. By contrast, participants who attended a brief standard intervention, mothers with primary education, greater body mass index, higher levels of depressive symptomatology and more critical comments towards their children, children with higher weight status and lower levels of self-reported depressive symptoms at baseline attended interventions less frequently. CONCLUSIONS In future programmes a comprehensive screening of modifiable factors related to family and their setting characteristics is paramount prior to intervention, identifying key barriers related to drop-out, especially in the case of less-advantaged families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rojo
- Faculty of PsychologyDepartment of Biological and Health PsychologyAutonomous University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Tatiana Lacruz
- Faculty of PsychologyDepartment of Biological and Health PsychologyAutonomous University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Santos Solano
- Faculty of PsychologyDepartment of Biological and Health PsychologyAutonomous University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Faculty of PsychologyDepartment of Biological and Health PsychologyAutonomous University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Lucía Beltrán‐Garrayo
- Faculty of PsychologyDepartment of Biological and Health PsychologyAutonomous University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Oscar L. Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sport & Human MotricityAutonomous University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Montserrat Graell
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Clinical PsychologyNiño Jesús Children's HospitalMadridSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | - Ana Rosa Sepúlveda
- Faculty of PsychologyDepartment of Biological and Health PsychologyAutonomous University of MadridMadridSpain
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Rojo M, Lacruz T, Solano S, Vivar M, Del Río A, Martínez J, Foguet S, Marín M, Moreno-Encinas A, Veiga ÓL, Cabanas V, Rey C, Graell M, Sepúlveda AR. ENTREN-F family-system based intervention for managing childhood obesity: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial at primary care. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:319-329. [PMID: 35871907 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric obesity is a primary public health concern, and designing effective programs for managing it is of the utmost importance. The objective of this study was to describe the protocol study of a three-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial aimed at assessing the efficacy of a family-system-based intervention ("ENTREN-F" program) for managing childhood obesity, compared to the "ENTREN" program (no "F" - without specific family-system-based workshop) and a control group (behavioral monitoring). METHODS/DESIGN The ENTREN-F program was a multicomponent family-system-based intervention carried out by a multidisciplinary team in the primary health care setting. The program targeted children between 8 and 12 years with overweight and obesity (P ≥ 85th). Parents were actively involved in the process. The contents were designed using the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles. The program comprised individual behavioral monitoring, a healthy habits workshop for children and their parents, a CBT workshop for children, and a family-system-based workshop for parents, enhancing parental management skills plus family functioning. The trial's primary outcomes included changes in child body mass index (BMI) z-scores, child's psychological well-being, and family functioning over six months. Secondary outcomes included changes in eating behavior, physical activity, self-esteem, parental distress, parental feeding practices, and parental modeling. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is one of the few randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy of a multicomponent program that considers health from a comprehensive perspective, trying to improve children's psychological well-being and family functioning besides weight loss. This study, therefore, addresses a gap in the literature. If found to be efficacious, it suggests a new potential health service for translation into National Primary Health Care services in Spain, one of the ten countries with the highest prevalence of obesity in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rojo
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology (Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology), Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tatiana Lacruz
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology (Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology), Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Solano
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology (Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology), Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Vivar
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology (Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology), Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Del Río
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology (Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology), Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Jone Martínez
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology (Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology), Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Foguet
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology (Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology), Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Marín
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology (Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology), Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Moreno-Encinas
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology (Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology), Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Luis Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sport & Human Motricity, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Cabanas
- Department of Physical Education, Sport & Human Motricity, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Rey
- Valdelasfuentes Primary Health Care Center (Alcobendas), Public Health System from Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Graell
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, University Hospital Niño Jesús, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de SaludMental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Sepúlveda
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology (Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology), Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain.
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Recent health-related stressful life events predictive of emergent suicidal ideation in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:220-221. [PMID: 30642686 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang KZ, Dai N, Zai CC, de Bartolomeis A, Gerretsen P, Graff A, De Luca V. Recent Stressful Life Events and Suicidal Ideation in Schizophrenia: A 1-Year Follow-up Study. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:111-115. [PMID: 34618715 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Half of patients with schizophrenia experience suicidal ideation. Only few studies have examined the effects of recent stress on both current and emergent suicidal ideation.A cohort of 85 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders was assessed. The study was divided into a cross-sectional and longitudinal arms to test the effect of recent stress on suicidal ideation. Analysis was done using logistic regression models.After correcting for covariates, recent stress had no significant effect on current suicidal ideation. However, increased total stress (odds ratio [OR] = 1.099 [1.032-1.170], p = 0.003) and health-related stress (OR = 1.331 [1.074-1.650], p = 0.009) at follow-up were predictive of emergent suicidal ideation.With this sample size, we were unable to draw firm conclusions regarding the effect of specific life events on suicidal ideation. Further studies involving larger samples that investigate the interplay between several risk factors are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Z Wang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
| | - Nasia Dai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
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Orozco A, Cardoner N, Aragón CF, Ruiz-Murugarren S, Vicens M, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, Lahera G. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders: Influence of recent and/or traumatic life events. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2021; 14:218-226. [PMID: 34861930 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsmen.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in anxiety-depressive disorders ranging from 30 to 67% has been described. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the presence and persistence of OCSs in an outpatient sample of subjects with anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as its relationship with recent life events (RLEs) and/or traumatic experiences (TEs). METHOD We conducted a prospective, observational, analytical study of 200 subjects with DSM-5 diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression. Participants were included by consecutive sampling and were evaluated at baseline and after 6-12 months (mean 8.5 months) of follow-up. The severity of the symptoms was assessed through the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS) and Hamilton Scale for the evaluation of depression (HRSD-17), and comorbidity was assessed through the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The Revised Inventory of Obsessions and Compulsions (OCI-R), the Recent Vital Changes Questionnaire (CVSV), and the Diagnostic Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress (PDS) were also administered. RESULTS 54% of the sample presented OCSs, and 30.5% presented one or more TEs throughout life. At the baseline visit, the presence of OCSs was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms (p=0.028), the presence of TEs (p<0.01), symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (p<0.01) and the number of RLEs (p<0.01). Response rate at follow-up was 38%, and persistence of OCSs was found in 60.5% of patients, independent of depressive or anxious symptoms, but was associated with the number of RLEs (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The presence of OCSs in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders is frequent and persistent. Anxious-depressive patients with a history of TEs and RLEs had higher OCS levels. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and the use of therapeutic strategies focused on resilience to stress and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Orozco
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Hospital Universitario Parc Taulí Sabadell, Barcelone, Spain
| | | | | | - María Vicens
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Infanta Leonor Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Marques-Feixa L, Moya-Higueras J, Romero S, Santamarina-Pérez P, Rapado-Castro M, Zorrilla I, Martín M, Anglada E, Lobato MJ, Ramírez M, Moreno N, Mayoral M, Marín-Vila M, Arias B, Fañanás L. Risk of Suicidal Behavior in Children and Adolescents Exposed to Maltreatment: The Mediating Role of Borderline Personality Traits and Recent Stressful Life Events. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225293. [PMID: 34830576 PMCID: PMC8624661 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with increased non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior (SB), independently of demographic and mental health conditions. Self-Trauma Theory and Linehan’s Biopsychosocial Model might explain the emergence of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms as mediators of the association between CM and the risk of SB. However, little is known regarding such relationships when the exposure is recent for young persons. Here, we study 187 youths aged 7–17, with or without mental disorders. We explore CM experiences (considering the severity and frequency of different forms of neglect and abuse), recent stressful life events (SLEs), some BPD traits (emotion dysregulation, intense anger and impulsivity), and the risk of SB (including NSSI, suicide threat, suicide ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt). We study the direct and mediating relationships between these variables via a structural equation analysis using the statistical software package EQS. Our findings suggest that youths exposed to more severe/frequent CM have more prominent BPD traits, and are more likely to have experienced recent SLEs. In turn, BPD traits increase the risk of SLEs. However, only emotion dysregulation and recent SLEs were found to be correlated with SB. Therefore, targeted interventions on emotion dysregulation are necessary to prevent NSSI or SB in children and adolescents exposed to CM, as is the minimization of further SLEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Marques-Feixa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Av Diagonal 643, 2n A, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-F.); (N.M.); (B.A.)
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Jorge Moya-Higueras
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Social Work, University of Lleida, Av. de I’Estudi General, 4, 25001 Lleida, Spain
| | - Soledad Romero
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR88, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/Rosselló, 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Santamarina-Pérez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR88, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/Rosselló, 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Rapado-Castro
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, C. Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, C/Alan Gilbert, 161, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Iñaki Zorrilla
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Santiago Apostol, Olagibel Kalea, 29, 01004 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Martín
- Adolescent Crisis Unit, Hospital Benito Menni, C/Pablo Picasso, 12, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Eulalia Anglada
- Hospital for Adolescents, Fundació Orienta, c/Sant Lluís, 64, 08850 Gavà, Spain;
| | - María José Lobato
- Department of Psychiatry, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital-Majadahonda, C/Joaquín Rodrigo, 1, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain; (M.J.L.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Maite Ramírez
- Galdakao Mental Health Services, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, C/Ibaizabal, 6, 48960 Galdakao, Spain;
| | - Nerea Moreno
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Av Diagonal 643, 2n A, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-F.); (N.M.); (B.A.)
| | - María Mayoral
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, C. Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Marín-Vila
- Department of Psychiatry, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital-Majadahonda, C/Joaquín Rodrigo, 1, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain; (M.J.L.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Bárbara Arias
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Av Diagonal 643, 2n A, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-F.); (N.M.); (B.A.)
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Av Diagonal 643, 2n A, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-F.); (N.M.); (B.A.)
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Taylor BK, Frenzel MR, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, White SF, Badura-Brack AS, Wilson TW. Increases in Stressors Prior to-Versus During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States Are Associated With Depression Among Middle-Aged Mothers. Front Psychol 2021; 12:706120. [PMID: 34305763 PMCID: PMC8292718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.706120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Working parents in are struggling to balance the demands of their occupation with those of childcare and homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, studies show that women are shouldering more of the burden and reporting greater levels of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression relative to men. However, research has yet to show that increases in psychological symptoms are linked to changes in stress during the pandemic. Herein, we conduct a small-N study to explore the associations between stress and psychological symptoms during the pandemic among mothers using structural equation modeling, namely latent change score models. Thirty-three mothers completed questionnaires reporting current anxious and depressive symptoms (Beck Anxiety and Depression Index, respectively), as well as stressful life experiences prior to-versus during the pandemic (Social Readjustment Rating Scale). Women endorsed significantly more stressful events during the pandemic, relative to the pre-pandemic period. Additionally, 58% of mothers scored as moderate-to-high risk for developing a stress-related physical illness in the near future because of their pandemic-level stress. Depressive symptoms were associated with the degree of change in life stress, whereas anxiety symptoms were more related to pre-pandemic levels of stress. The present study preliminarily sheds light on the nuanced antecedents to mothers’ experiences of anxious and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although further work is needed in larger, more diverse samples of mothers, this study highlights the potential need for appropriate policies, and prevention and intervention programs to ameliorate the effects of pandemics on mothers’ mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michaela R Frenzel
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Hallie J Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Madelyn P Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Stuart F White
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Amy S Badura-Brack
- Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
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Werbart Törnblom A, Sorjonen K, Runeson B, Rydelius PA. Life Events and Coping Strategies Among Young People Who Died by Suicide or Sudden Violent Death. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:670246. [PMID: 34512410 PMCID: PMC8429488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.670246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Most empirically anchored psychological models of suicide focus either on the perceived situational stress or on vulnerability factors and coping deficits. The interaction between life stressors and vulnerability factors is less explored. Methods: This case-control study examines interactions between life events and coping strategies in three groups of young people: cases of suicide, cases of other sudden violent death (SVD), and control cases. Results: Four coping strategies, two more adaptive and two more maladaptive, were identified. Distinctive of the suicide and the SVD group was significantly less Planful Problem-Solving, and more Escape-Avoidance and Confrontive Coping than among the controls. Furthermore, Confrontive Coping had significantly higher level in the SVD group than in the suicide group. Between-group differences were partly accounted for differences in negative life events, early and late in life. Both target groups experienced significantly more adverse childhood experiences and recent stressful life events than the controls-the suicide group being more exposed to recent stressful life events even in comparison with the SVD group. This might indicate that adverse childhood experiences are a risk factor for both causes of death, whereas proximal stressful life events are a risk factor for death by suicide to a higher degree than for SVD. Conclusions: Improved understanding of the interplay between life events, both in the far past and present, and coping styles, may facilitate the identification of young people at risk of suicide and violent death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Werbart Törnblom
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kimmo Sorjonen
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Runeson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Rydelius
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Orozco A, Cardoner N, Aragón CF, Ruiz-Murugarren S, Vicens M, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, Lahera G. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders: Influence of recent and/or traumatic life events. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2020; 14:S1888-9891(20)30129-4. [PMID: 33359119 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in anxiety-depressive disorders ranging from 30 to 67% has been described. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the presence and persistence of OCSs in an outpatient sample of subjects with anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as its relationship with recent life events (RLEs) and/or traumatic experiences (TEs). METHOD We conducted a prospective, observational, analytical study of 200 subjects with DSM-5 diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression. Participants were included by consecutive sampling and were evaluated at baseline and after 6-12 months (mean 8.5 months) of follow-up. The severity of the symptoms was assessed through the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS) and Hamilton Scale for the evaluation of depression (HRSD-17), and comorbidity was assessed through the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The Revised Inventory of Obsessions and Compulsions (OCI-R), the Recent Vital Changes Questionnaire (CVSV), and the Diagnostic Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress (PDS) were also administered. RESULTS 54% of the sample presented OCSs, and 30.5% presented one or more TEs throughout life. At the baseline visit, the presence of OCSs was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms (p=0.028), the presence of TEs (p<0.01), symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (p<0.01) and the number of RLEs (p<0.01). Response rate at follow-up was 38%, and persistence of OCSs was found in 60.5% of patients, independent of depressive or anxious symptoms, but was associated with the number of RLEs (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The presence of OCSs in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders is frequent and persistent. Anxious-depressive patients with a history of TEs and RLEs had higher OCS levels. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and the use of therapeutic strategies focused on resilience to stress and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Orozco
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Hospital Universitario Parc Taulí Sabadell, Barcelone, Spain
| | | | | | - María Vicens
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Infanta Leonor Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Alemi F, Avramovic S, Renshaw KD, Kanchi R, Schwartz M. Relative accuracy of social and medical determinants of suicide in electronic health records. Health Serv Res 2020; 55 Suppl 2:833-840. [PMID: 32880954 PMCID: PMC7518826 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper compares the accuracy of predicting suicide from Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) or history of illness. POPULATION STUDIED 5 313 965 Veterans who at least had two primary care visits between 2008 and 2016. STUDY DESIGN The dependent variable was suicide or intentional self-injury. The independent variables were 10 495 International Classification of Disease (ICD) Version 9 codes, age, and gender. The ICD codes included 40 V-codes used for measuring SDoH, such as family disruption, family history of substance abuse, lack of education, legal impediments, social isolation, unemployment, and homelessness. The sample was randomly divided into training (90 percent) and validation (10 percent) sets. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AROC) was used to measure accuracy of predictions in the validation set. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Separate analyses were done for inpatient and outpatient codes; the results were similar. In the hospitalized group, the mean age was 67.2 years, and 92.1 percent were male. The mean number of medical diagnostic codes during the study period was 37; and 12.9 percent had at least one SDoH V-code. At least one episode of suicide or intentional self-injury occurred in 1.89 percent of cases. SDoH V-codes, on average, elevated the risk of suicide or intentional self-injury by 24-fold (ranging from 4- to 86-fold). An index of 40 SDoH codes predicted suicide or intentional self-injury with an AROC of 0.64. An index of 10 445 medical diagnoses, without SDoH V-codes, had AROC of 0.77. The combined SDoH and medical diagnoses codes also had AROC of 0.77. CONCLUSION In predicting suicide or intentional self-harm, SDoH V-codes add negligible information beyond what is already available in medical diagnosis codes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Policies that affect SDoH (eg, housing policies, resilience training) may not have an impact on suicide rates, if they do not change the underlying medical causes of SDoH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrokh Alemi
- Department of Health Administration and PolicyGeorge Mason UniversityVirginia
| | - Sanja Avramovic
- Department of Health Administration and PolicyGeorge Mason UniversityVirginia
| | | | - Rania Kanchi
- Department of Population HealthNew York UniversityNew York
| | - Mark Schwartz
- Department of Population HealthNew York UniversityNew York
- Veteran AdministrationNew York Harbor Healthcare SystemNew York
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Werbart Törnblom A, Sorjonen K, Runeson B, Rydelius P. Who Is at Risk of Dying Young from Suicide and Sudden Violent Death? Common and Specific Risk Factors among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:757-777. [PMID: 32012342 PMCID: PMC7497083 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicides and other sudden violent deaths are the most common causes of death among young people worldwide. This case-control study compared risk factors for suicide and other sudden violent death among young people. METHOD A total of 436 psychological autopsy interviews with next of kin were performed. The samples aged 10-25 years included 63 cases of suicide, 62 cases of other sudden violent death, and 104 matched living controls. Two stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The number of recent stressful life events was the only common risk factor for suicide and other sudden violent death. Specific risk factors for suicide were any form of addiction and being an inpatient in adult psychiatric care. Specific risk factors for other sudden violent death were lower elementary school results, lower educational level, and abuse of psychoactive drugs. CONCLUSIONS The suicide group seems to have been more vulnerable and exposed to different kinds of stressors, whereas the sudden violent death group seems to have been more acting out and risk-taking. Both groups must be the subject of prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Werbart Törnblom
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthCentre for Psychiatry ResearchKarolinska InstitutetStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
| | - Kimmo Sorjonen
- Division of PsychologyDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Bo Runeson
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceCentre for Psychiatry ResearchKarolinska InstitutetStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
| | - Per‐Anders Rydelius
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthCentre for Psychiatry ResearchKarolinska InstitutetStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
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16
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Nicholas A, Pirkis J, Rossetto A, Jorm A, Spittal M, Reavley N. Confidence and Intentions to Help a Person at Risk of Suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:138-150. [PMID: 31339597 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify Australian adults' current level of confidence and intentions to help a person close to them in distress or at risk of suicide to inform the content and targeting of suicide prevention messages aimed at family and friends of those at risk. METHODS We conducted a nationally representative computer-assisted telephone survey of confidence and intentions to help someone in distress or at risk of suicide (n = 3,002). We used logistic regression to determine whether sociodemographic and exposure variables predicted confidence and intentions to help. RESULTS Confidence to help was high. About half of the respondents had intentions inconsistent with best practice. Listening and talking, and encouraging the person to seek professional help were the most common types of intended helping actions. Intentions to ask suicide risk assessment questions were least common. Men were more likely than women to have intentions to carry out nonrecommended actions, and less likely to have intentions to carry out recommended actions. CONCLUSIONS Suicide prevention messaging aimed at family and friends could encourage them to ask direct questions about suicide risk and could include messages about "what not to do." Suicide prevention messages aimed specifically at men are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nicholas
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic., Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic., Australia
| | - Alyssia Rossetto
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic., Australia
| | - Anthony Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic., Australia
| | - Matthew Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic., Australia
| | - Nicola Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic., Australia
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17
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Sheppard FH, Stanford D. Women's Perceptions of Retirement. J Gerontol Nurs 2019; 45:31-39. [PMID: 30917203 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20190221-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A record number of women are going through the major life transition of retirement. The purpose of the current study was to explore women's perceptions of retirement with the goals of better understanding important patterns of response regarding retirement transitioning and to inform nurses on how to assist clients who are anticipating or engaging in the retirement transition. A sample population of 170 retired women was recruited using convenience sampling from community settings within six southeastern U.S. states. Participants expressed their perceptions of retirement through written responses to open-ended questions. Content analysis revealed the following themes: Love It/Happy; Unhappy/Regrets; So Much Time, So Little (money, resources, etc.); Searching; Busy; Relief/Freedom; Giving: For Me and Thee; Adequate Resources; Creating Your Own Structure; and Positive Attitude. Careful assessment for health changes, promotion of positive coping skills, and provision of educational planning and therapeutic resources to women who are transitioning to retirement should assist women toward healthy and successful retirements. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45(4), 31-39.].
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Social support buffers the negative effects of stress in cardiac patients: a cross-sectional study with acute coronary syndrome patients. J Behav Med 2018; 42:469-479. [PMID: 30523503 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-9998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac patients who have social support generally have better prognosis than patients who lack social support. Several theoretical mechanisms have been proposed to explain this protective effect, including the capacity of social support to buffer the negative effects of stress. We tested this buffering effect in a study of patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Spain. Several days after the cardiac event patients answered a questionnaire measuring stressful events during their lifetime, perceived social support around the time of the cardiac event, and depression symptoms in the past week. Results showed that stressful life events were related to depressive symptoms and worse renal function post-ACS only among patients with low perceived social support. Among patients who reported enough social support, lifetime stress was not related to depressive symptoms. No similar effects were observed on other prognostic indicators such as troponin levels or the number of obstructed arteries. These results suggest that social support can buffer the negative effects of stress on the mental and physical well-being of cardiac patients.
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Sedano-Capdevila A, Barrigón ML, Delgado-Gomez D, Barahona I, Aroca F, Peñuelas-Calvo I, Miguelez-Fernandez C, Rodríguez-Jover A, Amodeo-Escribano S, González-Granado M, Baca-García E. WHODAS 2.0 as a Measure of Severity of Illness: Results of a FLDA Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7353624. [PMID: 29770158 PMCID: PMC5889883 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7353624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
WHODAS 2.0 is the standard measure of disability promoted by World Health Organization whereas Clinical Global Impression (CGI) is a widely used scale for determining severity of mental illness. Although a close relationship between these two scales would be expected, there are no relevant studies on the topic. In this study, we explore if WHODAS 2.0 can be used for identifying severity of illness measured by CGI using the Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis (FLDA) and for identifying which individual items of WHODAS 2.0 best predict CGI scores given by clinicians. One hundred and twenty-two patients were assessed with WHODAS 2.0 and CGI during three months in outpatient mental health facilities of four hospitals of Madrid, Spain. Compared with the traditional correction of WHODAS 2.0, FLDA improves accuracy in near 15%, and so, with FLDA WHODAS 2.0 classifying correctly 59.0% of the patients. Furthermore, FLDA identifies item 6.6 (illness effect on personal finances) and item 4.5 (damaged sexual life) as the most important items for clinicians to score the severity of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Luisa Barrigón
- Department of Psychiatry, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Igor Barahona
- Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fuensanta Aroca
- Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Villalba, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current serotonin-based biological model of suicidal behavior (SB) may be too simplistic. There is emerging evidence that other biomarkers and biological systems may be involved in SB pathophysiology. The literature on the endocannabinoid (EC) systems and SB is limited. The objective of the present article is to review all available information on the relationship between cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2 receptors), and SB and/or psychological pain. RECENT FINDINGS Our review is limited by the small number and heterogeneity of studies identified: (1) an autopsy study describing elevated levels of CB1 receptor activity in the prefrontal cortex and suicide in both depression and alcoholism and (2) studies supporting the involvement of both CB1 and CB2 receptors in the regulation of neuropathic pain and stress-induced analgesia. We conclude that cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB1 receptors, may become promising targets for the development of novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of SB.
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Mortier P, Kiekens G, Auerbach RP, Cuijpers P, Demyttenaere K, Green JG, Kessler RC, Nock MK, Zaslavsky AM, Bruffaerts R. A Risk Algorithm for the Persistence of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors During College. J Clin Psychiatry 2017; 78:e828-e836. [PMID: 28640991 PMCID: PMC5664942 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.17m11485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aims of this study are to (a) identify patterns of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) during college among students with lifetime pre-matriculation STB and (b) develop a risk-screening algorithm for persistence of pre-matriculation STB during college. METHODS Data come from the Leuven College Surveys, a series of prospective cohort studies of all incoming KU Leuven University freshmen. In the academic year 2012-2013, 4,889 incoming freshmen (73.2% response rate) provided baseline data on sociodemographic variables, childhood-adolescent traumatic experiences, 12-month stressful experiences, 12-month mental disorders, 12-month STB, and severity markers of pre-matriculation STB. A total of 2,566 students (69.3% conditional response rate) participated in 12- and 24-month follow-up surveys during the first 2 college years. RESULTS Thirteen percent (weighted n = 535) of incoming freshmen reported lifetime pre-matriculation STB. Of those, 28.0% reported 12-month STB in 1 follow-up assessment, and another 27.7%, in both follow-up assessments. High persistence of STB (ie, 12-month STB in 2 follow-up assessments) was most strongly associated with severity markers of pre-matriculation STB, with odds ratios in the 2.4-10.3 range and population attributable risk proportions between 9.2% and 50.8%. When the aim was for less than 50% of false-positive cases (positive predictive value = 54.4%), a multivariate predictive risk algorithm (cross-validated area under the curve = 0.79) situated 59.9% of highly persistent cases among the 30% respondents with highest baseline predicted risk. CONCLUSIONS An individualized web-based screening approach is a promising strategy to identify students at the time of university entrance who may be at high risk for STB persistence during their academic career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Mortier
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Glenn Kiekens
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Demyttenaere
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer G Green
- School of Education, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan M Zaslavsky
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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Paterson J, Tautolo ES, Iusitini L, Taylor S, Farvid P. Pacific Islands families study: intimate partner stressors and psychological distress among pacific adults. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2016.1192598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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de Leon J, Baca-García E, Blasco-Fontecilla H. From the serotonin model of suicide to a mental pain model of suicide. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2016; 84:323-9. [PMID: 26398763 DOI: 10.1159/000438510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose de Leon
- Mental Health Research Center, Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, Ky., USA
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24
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Zhang WC, Jia CX, Zhang JY, Wang LL, Liu XC. Negative life events and attempted suicide in rural China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116634. [PMID: 25611854 PMCID: PMC4303417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the association between negative life events (NLEs) and attempted suicide in rural China. Methods Six rural counties were selected from disease surveillance points in Shandong province, China. A total of 409 suicide attempters in rural areas between October 1, 2009, and March 31, 2011, and an equal number of matched controls were interviewed. We compared negative life events experienced within 1 month, 1–3 months, 3–6months, and 6–2 months prior to attempted suicide for cases and prior to interview for controls. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the association between NLEs and attempted suicide. Results Suicide attempters experienced more NLEs within the last year prior to suicide attempt than controls prior to interview (83.1% vs. 33.5%). There was a significant dose-response relationship between NLEs experienced within the last year and increased risk of attempted suicide. Timing of NLEs analysis showed that NLEs experienced in the last month and 6–12 months prior to suicide attempt were significantly associated with elevated risk of attempted suicide, even after adjusting for mental disorders and demographic factors. Of NLEs, quarrelling with spouse, quarrelling with other family members, conflicting with friends or neighbors, family financial difficulty, and serious illness were independently related to attempted suicide. Conclusion NLEs are significantly associated with increased risk for attempted suicide in rural China. Stress management and intervention may be important to prevent suicidal behavior in rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Shandong University School of Public Health, Jinan, China
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Shandong University School of Public Health, Jinan, China
- Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Ji’nan Shizhongqu Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
| | - Xian-Chen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Shandong University School of Public Health, Jinan, China
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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25
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Predicting suicidal behavior: are we really that far along? Comment on "Discovery and validation of blood biomarkers for suicidality". Curr Psychiatry Rep 2013; 15:424. [PMID: 24254200 PMCID: PMC3967238 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-013-0424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A recent publication focused on biomarkers of future suicidal behaviors identifies several genes expressed in high-risk states among four samples. We discuss the implications of this study as well as the current state of research regarding biomarkers of suicidal behavior.
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26
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Fernández-Navarro P, Vaquero-Lorenzo C, Blasco-Fontecilla H, Díaz-Hernández M, Gratacòs M, Estivill X, Costas J, Carracedo Á, Fernández-Piqueras J, Saiz-Ruiz J, Baca-Garcia E. Genetic epistasis in female suicide attempters. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 38:294-301. [PMID: 22554588 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex behaviors such as suicidal behavior likely exhibit gene-gene interactions. The main aim of this study is to explore potential single nucleotide polymorphisms combinations with epistatic effect in suicidal behavior using a data mining tool (Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction). METHODS Genomic DNA from peripheral blood samples was analyzed using SNPlex Technology. Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction was used to detect epistatic interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms from the main central nervous system (CNS) neurotransmitters (dopamine: 9; noradrenaline: 19; serotonin: 23; inhibitory neurotransmitters: 60) in 889 individuals (417 men and 472 women) aged 18 years or older (585 psychiatric controls without a history of suicide attempts, and 304 patients with a history of suicide attempts). Individual analysis of association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and suicide attempts was estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction showed significant epistatic interactions involving four single nucleotide polymorphisms in female suicide attempters with a classification test accuracy of 60.7% (59.1%-62.4%, 95% CI): rs1522296, phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH); rs7655090, dopamine receptor D5 gene (DRD5); rs11888528, chromosome 2 open reading frame 76, close to diazepam binding inhibitor gene (DBI); and rs2376481, GABA-A receptor subunit γ3 gene (GABRG3). The multivariate logistic regression model confirmed the relevance of the epistatic interaction [OR(95% CI)=7.74(4.60-13.37)] in females. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest an epistatic interaction between genes of all monoamines and GABA in female suicide attempters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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