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Krämer C, Stumme J, da Costa Campos L, Dellani P, Rubbert C, Caspers J, Caspers S, Jockwitz C. Prediction of cognitive performance differences in older age from multimodal neuroimaging data. GeroScience 2024; 46:283-308. [PMID: 37308769 PMCID: PMC10828156 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in brain structure and functional and structural network architecture have been found to partly explain cognitive performance differences in older ages. Thus, they may serve as potential markers for these differences. Initial unimodal studies, however, have reported mixed prediction results of selective cognitive variables based on these brain features using machine learning (ML). Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the general validity of cognitive performance prediction from imaging data in healthy older adults. In particular, the focus was with examining whether (1) multimodal information, i.e., region-wise grey matter volume (GMV), resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), and structural connectivity (SC) estimates, may improve predictability of cognitive targets, (2) predictability differences arise for global cognition and distinct cognitive profiles, and (3) results generalize across different ML approaches in 594 healthy older adults (age range: 55-85 years) from the 1000BRAINS study. Prediction potential was examined for each modality and all multimodal combinations, with and without confound (i.e., age, education, and sex) regression across different analytic options, i.e., variations in algorithms, feature sets, and multimodal approaches (i.e., concatenation vs. stacking). Results showed that prediction performance differed considerably between deconfounding strategies. In the absence of demographic confounder control, successful prediction of cognitive performance could be observed across analytic choices. Combination of different modalities tended to marginally improve predictability of cognitive performance compared to single modalities. Importantly, all previously described effects vanished in the strict confounder control condition. Despite a small trend for a multimodal benefit, developing a biomarker for cognitive aging remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Krämer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Stumme
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucas da Costa Campos
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paulo Dellani
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Rubbert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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2
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Lee TL, Ding Z, Chan AS. Prefrontal hemodynamic features of older adults with preserved visuospatial working memory function. GeroScience 2023; 45:3513-3527. [PMID: 37501047 PMCID: PMC10643746 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory decline has been observed in the aging population and is a risk factor for the later development of dementia. Understanding how memory is preserved in older adults has been an important topic. The present study examines the hemodynamic features of older adults whose memory is comparable with that of young adults. In the present study, 45 younger and 45 older adults performed the visual memory task with various difficulty levels (i.e., the items to be remembered), and their cerebral hemodynamics at each level were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The results showed that older adults exhibited higher activation than younger adults under more difficult but not easier levels. In addition, older adults whose performance is comparable with that of young adults (i.e., being able to remember six items) showed more right-lateralized activation. However, those unable to do so showed more left-lateralized activation. The results suggested that high-performing older adults possess successful compensatory mechanisms by recruiting cognitive resources in a specialized brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Lok Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zihan Ding
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- Research Centre for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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3
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Brosnan M, Pearce DJ, O'Neill MH, Loughnane GM, Fleming B, Zhou SH, Chong T, Nobre AC, O Connell RG, Bellgrove MA. Evidence Accumulation Rate Moderates the Relationship between Enriched Environment Exposure and Age-Related Response Speed Declines. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6401-6414. [PMID: 37507230 PMCID: PMC10500991 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2260-21.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults exposed to enriched environments (EEs) maintain relatively higher levels of cognitive function, even in the face of compromised markers of brain health. Response speed (RS) is often used as a simple proxy to measure the preservation of global cognitive function in older adults. However, it is unknown which specific selection, decision, and/or motor processes provide the most specific indices of neurocognitive health. Here, using a simple decision task with electroencephalography (EEG), we found that the efficiency with which an individual accumulates sensory evidence was a critical determinant of the extent to which RS was preserved in older adults (63% female, 37% male). Moreover, the mitigating influence of EE on age-related RS declines was most pronounced when evidence accumulation rates were shallowest. These results suggest that the phenomenon of cognitive reserve, whereby high EE individuals can better tolerate suboptimal brain health to facilitate the preservation of cognitive function, is not just applicable to neuroanatomical indicators of brain aging but can be observed in markers of neurophysiology. Our results suggest that EEG metrics of evidence accumulation may index neurocognitive vulnerability of the aging brain.Significance Statement Response speed in older adults is closely linked with trajectories of cognitive aging. Here, by recording brain activity while individuals perform a simple computer task, we identify a neural metric that is a critical determinant of response speed. Older adults exposed to greater cognitive and social stimulation throughout a lifetime could maintain faster responding, even when this neural metric was impaired. This work suggests EEG is a useful technique for interrogating how a lifetime of stimulation benefits brain health in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méadhbh Brosnan
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Pearce
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Megan H O'Neill
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gerard M Loughnane
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin 1, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Bryce Fleming
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shou-Han Zhou
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Trevor Chong
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Anna C Nobre
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Redmond G O Connell
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Torenvliet C, Groenman AP, Radhoe TA, Agelink van Rentergem JA, Van der Putten WJ, Geurts HM. A longitudinal study on cognitive aging in autism. Psychiatry Res 2023; 321:115063. [PMID: 36709700 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal studies on cognitive aging in autism are scarce, and largely underpowered, yet essential to obtain more conclusive results on cognitive changes in autism during adulthood. In the largest longitudinal study on cognition thus far, we aimed to get more insight into cognitive aging in autism. As pre-registered, we computed reliable change indices (RCIs) and multilevel models to estimate cognitive changes in 128 autistic, and 112 non-autistic adults (range: 24-85 yrs.) over two to three timepoints (average interval: 3.5 yrs.). Participants were tested on 15 outcome measures, covering verbal memory, visual (working) memory, prospective memory, theory of mind, fluency, response speed, inhibition, planning, and switching. RCIs showed no significant differences between groups (autism/no-autism) in changes over time. Using multilevel models, most tasks showed sensitivity to cross-sectional age-related effects, and/or longitudinal changes, with worse performance at older age, and later timepoints. However, effects were not significantly different between the autism and no-autism group. This lack of group differences was substantiated by additional Bayesian analyses. In sum, the current study provides evidence for parallel (similar) cognitive aging in autism. Specifically, autistic individuals diagnosed in adulthood, without intellectual disability, do not seem at risk for accelerated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torenvliet
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Center, Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - A P Groenman
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Center, Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T A Radhoe
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Center, Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A Agelink van Rentergem
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Center, Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W J Van der Putten
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Center, Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leo Kannerhuis, autism clinic (Youz/Parnassia Group), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H M Geurts
- Dutch Autism and ADHD Research Center, Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leo Kannerhuis, autism clinic (Youz/Parnassia Group), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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Yang Y, Wang D, Hou W, Li H. Cognitive Decline Associated with Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1419:25-46. [PMID: 37418204 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the most distinct signs of aging, and age-related cognitive decline is a heterogeneous issue varying in different cognitive domains and has significant differences among older adults. Identifying characteristics of cognitive aging is the basis of cognitive disease for early-detection and healthy aging promotion. In the current chapter, age-related decline of main cognitive domains, including sensory perception, memory, attention, executive function, language, reasoning, and space navigation ability are introduced respectively. From these aspects of cognition, we focus on the age-related effects, age-related cognitive diseases, and possible mechanisms of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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6
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Jockwitz C, Krämer C, Stumme J, Dellani P, Moebus S, Bittner N, Caspers S. Characterization of the angular gyrus in an older adult population: a multimodal multilevel approach. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:83-102. [PMID: 35904594 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The angular gyrus (AG) has been associated with multiple cognitive functions, such as language, spatial and memory functions. Since the AG is thought to be a cross-modal hub region suffering from significant age-related structural atrophy, it may also play a key role in age-related cognitive decline. However, the exact relation between structural atrophy of the AG and cognitive decline in older adults is not fully understood, which may be related to two aspects: First, the AG is cytoarchitectonically divided into two areas, PGa and PGp, potentially sub-serving different cognitive functions. Second, the older adult population is characterized by high between-subjects variability which requires targeting individual phenomena during the aging process. We therefore performed a multimodal (gray matter volume [GMV], resting-state functional connectivity [RSFC] and structural connectivity [SC]) characterization of AG subdivisions PGa and PGp in a large older adult population, together with relations to age, cognition and lifestyle on the group level. Afterwards, we switched the perspective to the individual, which is especially important when it comes to the assessment of individual patients. The AG can be considered a heterogeneous structure in of the older brain: we found the different AG parts to be associated with different patterns of whole-brain GMV associations as well as their associations with RSFC, and SC patterns. Similarly, differential effects of age, cognition and lifestyle on the GMV of AG subdivisions were observed. This suggests each region to be structurally and functionally differentially involved in the older adult's brain network architecture, which was supported by differential molecular and genetic patterns, derived from the EBRAINS multilevel atlas framework. Importantly, individual profiles deviated considerably from the global conclusion drawn from the group study. Hence, general observations within the older adult population need to be carefully considered, when addressing individual conditions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany. .,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Camilla Krämer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Stumme
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paulo Dellani
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Urban Public Health, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nora Bittner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Krämer C, Stumme J, da Costa Campos L, Rubbert C, Caspers J, Caspers S, Jockwitz C. Classification and prediction of cognitive performance differences in older age based on brain network patterns using a machine learning approach. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:122-147. [PMID: 37339286 PMCID: PMC10270720 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline varies greatly in healthy older adults, which may partly be explained by differences in the functional architecture of brain networks. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) derived network parameters as widely used markers describing this architecture have even been successfully used to support diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aimed at examining whether these parameters may also be useful in classifying and predicting cognitive performance differences in the normally aging brain by using machine learning (ML). Classifiability and predictability of global and domain-specific cognitive performance differences from nodal and network-level RSFC strength measures were examined in healthy older adults from the 1000BRAINS study (age range: 55-85 years). ML performance was systematically evaluated across different analytic choices in a robust cross-validation scheme. Across these analyses, classification performance did not exceed 60% accuracy for global and domain-specific cognition. Prediction performance was equally low with high mean absolute errors (MAEs ≥ 0.75) and low to none explained variance (R2 ≤ 0.07) for different cognitive targets, feature sets, and pipeline configurations. Current results highlight limited potential of functional network parameters to serve as sole biomarker for cognitive aging and emphasize that predicting cognition from functional network patterns may be challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Krämer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Stumme
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucas da Costa Campos
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Rubbert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Involvement of executive control in neural capacity related to working memory in aging: an ERP P300 study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1311-1333. [PMID: 35680698 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Executive control could be involved in neural capacity, which corresponds to the modulation of neural activity with increased task difficulty. Thus, by exploring the P300-an electrophysiological correlate of working memory-we examined the role played by executive control in both the age-related decline in working memory and neural capacity in aging. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while younger and older participants performed a Sternberg task with two set sizes (2 vs. 6 items), allowing us to calculate a neural capacity index. Participants also completed two control tasks (Stroop and 3-back tests), which were used to calculate a composite executive control index. Results indicated that working memory performance decreased with aging and difficulty. At the neural level, results indicated that the P300 amplitude varied with aging and also with task difficulty. In the low difficulty condition, frontal P300 amplitude was higher for older than for younger adults, whereas in the high difficulty condition, the amplitude of frontal and parietal P300 did not differ between both age groups. Results also suggest that task difficulty led to a decrease in parietal amplitude in both age groups and to an increase in frontal amplitude in younger but not older adults. Both executive control and frontal neural capacity mediated the age-related variance in working memory for older adults. Moreover, executive control mediated the age-related variance in the frontal neural capacity of older adults. Thus, the present study suggests a model for older adults in which executive control deficits with advancing age lead to less efficient frontal recruitment to cope with task difficulty (neural capacity), which in turn has a negative impact on working memory functioning.
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Chan HS, Chu HY, Chen MF. Effect of horticultural activities on quality of life, perceived stress, and working memory of community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 48:303-314. [PMID: 36347114 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study sampled 86 community-dwelling older adults to investigate the effect of horticultural activities on their quality of life, perceived stress, and working memory. The results demonstrated that after 8 weeks of horticultural activities, the effect sizes (Cohen's d) of their quality of life, perceived stress, and working memory were 0.92, -1.32, and 0.62, respectively. Among the four domains of quality of life, the social relationships domain improved the most. For perceived stress, the score of the experimental group decreased from 1.70 (0.48) to 1.29 (0.58). For working memory, the score increased from 3.43 (1.13) to 4.14 (1.27), whereas the score of the control group did not change substantially. Statistical analysis conducted using a generalized estimating equation revealed a significant interaction effect between group and time (P < 0.001). This study provides a reference for improving the quality of life, perceived stress, and working memory in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Shan Chan
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, 78, Sec. 2, Minzu Rd., Tainan City 70007, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Chu
- Department of Living Services Industry, Tainan University of Technology, 529, Zhong-Zheng Rd., Yongkang District, Tainan City 71002, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Fang Chen
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, 78, Sec. 2, Minzu Rd., Tainan City 70007, Taiwan
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10
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Chen X, Rundle MM, Kennedy KM, Moore W, Park DC. Functional activation features of memory in successful agers across the adult lifespan. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119276. [PMID: 35523368 PMCID: PMC9364925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Much neuroimaging research has explored the neural mechanisms underlying successful cognitive aging. Two different patterns of functional activation, maintenance of youth-like activity and compensatory novel recruitment, have been proposed to represent different brain functional features underlying individual differences in cognitive aging. In this study, we investigated the functional features in individuals across the adult lifespan who appeared to resist age-related cognitive decline, in comparison to those with typical age-related declines, over the course of four years. We first implemented latent mixture modeling, a data-driven approach, to classify participants as successful and average agers in middle-aged, young-old, and very old groups, based on their baseline and longitudinal cognitive performance. Then, using fMRI with a subsequent memory paradigm at the follow-up visit, brain activation specifically related to successful encoding (i.e., subsequent memory effect: subsequently remembered with high confidence > subsequently forgotten) was compared between people who established successful cognitive aging versus average aging in the three age groups. Several differences in the subsequent memory effect were revealed. First, across core task-related regions commonly used during successful encoding, successful agers exhibited high subsequent memory effect, at a level comparable to the young control group, until very old age; in contrast, average agers showed reduced subsequent memory effect, compared to successful agers, beginning in young-old age when memory performance also reduced in average agers, compared to successful agers. Second, additional recruitment in prefrontal clusters, distant from the core task-related regions, were identified in the left superior frontal and right orbitofrontal cortices in successful agers of young-old age, possibly reflecting functional compensation in successful aging. In summary, successful agers demonstrate a pattern of youth-like activation spanning from middle age to young-old age, as well as novel frontal recruitment in young-old age. Overall, our study demonstrated evidence of two neural patterns related to successful cognitive aging, offering an integrated view of functional features underlying successful aging, and suggests the importance of studying individuals across the lifespan to understand brain changes occurring in mid and early-late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Unit 800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
| | - Melissa M Rundle
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Unit 800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Unit 800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - William Moore
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Denise C Park
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Unit 800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
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11
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Abstract
Objectives: To characterize the inclusion of cognition in definitions of successful aging (SA) according to empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals.Methods: A systematic review across ISI Web of Knowledge.Results: Of the 74 included studies, there were 65 studies (87.8%) analyzing cognition as one component of multicomponent SA model (cognitive component studies), and 9 studies (12.2%) focusing solely on successful cognitive aging (SCA studies). Most of the studies operationalized cognition in SA by defining SA group and analyzing single SA indicators. A minority of the studies calculated the SA index. Finally, emergent techniques to operationalize SA as a latent variable and emergent field of cognition in SA in pathology were identified.Conclusions: The results highlight that cognition is being included in SA using different levels of complexity. Even though research investigating SA in pathology is emerging, there is currently a lack of utilization of the concept in pathological and at-risk populations.Clinical implications: The current research of cognition in SA provides several valid options to evaluate if a person is aging successfully. The emerging research indicates that people from at-risk and pathological populations can age successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Mana
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Bezdicek
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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12
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Schietzel S, Chocano-Bedoya PO, Sadlon A, Gagesch M, Willett WC, Orav EJ, Kressig RW, Vellas B, Rizzoli R, da Silva JAP, Blauth M, Kanis JA, Egli A, Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Prevalence of healthy aging among community dwelling adults age 70 and older from five European countries. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:174. [PMID: 35236290 PMCID: PMC8889763 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the prevalence of healthy aging among adults age 70 and older from 5 European countries recruited for the DO-HEALTH clinical trial. Participants were selected for absence of prior major health events. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of DO-HEALTH baseline data. All 2,157 participants (mean age 74.9, SD 4.4; 61.7% women) were included and 2,123 had data for all domains of the healthy aging status (HA) definition. HA was assessed based on the Nurses` Health Study (NHS) definition requiring four domains: no major chronic diseases, no disabilities, no cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA ≥25), no mental health limitation (GDS-5 <2, and no diagnosis of depression). Association between HA and age, BMI, gender, and physical function (sit-to-stand, gait speed, grip strength) was assessed by multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusting for center. RESULTS Overall, 41.8% of DO-HEALTH participants were healthy agers with significant variability by country: Austria (Innsbruck) 58.3%, Switzerland (Zurich, Basel, Geneva) 51.2%, Germany (Berlin) 37.6%, France (Toulouse) 36.7% and Portugal (Coimbra) 8.8% (p <0.0001). Differences in prevalence by country persisted after adjustment for age. In the multivariate model, younger age (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.98), female gender (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.81), lower BMI (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.96), faster gait speed (OR = 4.70, 95% CI 2.68 to 8.25) and faster performance in sit-to-stand test (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.93) were independently and significantly associated with HA. CONCLUSIONS Despite the same inclusion and exclusion criteria preselecting relatively healthy adults age 70 years and older, HA prevalence in DO-HEALTH varied significantly between countries and was highest in participants from Austria and Switzerland, lowest in participants from Portugal. Independent of country, younger age, female gender, lower BMI and better physical function were associated with HA. TRIAL REGISTRATION DO-HEALTH was registered under the protocol NCT01745263 at the International Trials Registry ( clinicaltrials.gov ), and under the protocol number 2012-001249-41 at the Registration at the European Community Clinical Trial System (EudraCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Schietzel
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Center on Aging and Mobility (CAM), University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, and City Hospital Zurich, Waid, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia O Chocano-Bedoya
- Center on Aging and Mobility (CAM), University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, and City Hospital Zurich, Waid, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Angelique Sadlon
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center on Aging and Mobility (CAM), University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, and City Hospital Zurich, Waid, Switzerland
| | - Michael Gagesch
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center on Aging and Mobility (CAM), University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, and City Hospital Zurich, Waid, Switzerland
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Endel J Orav
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reto W Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Center Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José A P da Silva
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael Blauth
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John A Kanis
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andreas Egli
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center on Aging and Mobility (CAM), University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, and City Hospital Zurich, Waid, Switzerland
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center on Aging and Mobility (CAM), University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, and City Hospital Zurich, Waid, Switzerland
- University Clinic for Aging Medicine, City Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Waid, Switzerland
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13
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Bosnes I, Bosnes O, Stordal E, Nordahl HM, Myklebust TÅ, Almkvist O. Processing speed and working memory are predicted by components of successful aging: a HUNT study. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:16. [PMID: 35090568 PMCID: PMC8800254 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has demonstrated that cognitive heterogeneity occurs with aging both within and between individuals. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the cognitive heterogeneity in aging was related to the subgroups of successful and usual aging. METHOD Participants were a representative sample of normal older adults (n = 65, age range 70-89 years). All subjects had participated in the third phase of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT3) and completed all subtests in the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III). Successful aging was defined in four ways in the study: as (1) absence of disease, (2) high functioning, (3) active engagement with life, or (4) all three components combined. Five domains of memory and intelligence functions were investigated using linear regression analysis, with group membership (successful versus usual aging) as predictors and age, sex and education as correlates. RESULTS Processing speed performance was correlated with the successful aging component absence of disease, younger age and being of the female sex, while working memory performance was correlated with the successful aging component absence of disease and more years of education. Performance in other domains (verbal, visuospatial, and episodic memory) were not related to any successful aging definition. Age had a consistent negative effect on the processing speed domain for all successful aging definitions. Education was positively linked to cognitive performance on the verbal and working memory domains. Being female was positively linked to processing speed and episodic memory. CONCLUSIONS Processing speed and working memory were linked to successful aging when it was defined as absence of disease, but not by other components of successful aging, i.e. domain-specific. In contrast, other cognitive domains were not related to any components of successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Bosnes
- Clinic for Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, 7800, Namsos, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ole Bosnes
- Clinic for Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, 7800, Namsos, Norway
| | - Eystein Stordal
- Clinic for Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, 7800, Namsos, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hans M Nordahl
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Mental Health, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tor Å Myklebust
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Ove Almkvist
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Pathania A, Euler MJ, Clark M, Cowan R, Duff K, Lohse KR. Resting EEG spectral slopes are associated with age-related differences in information processing speed. Biol Psychol 2022; 168:108261. [PMID: 34999166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown the slope of the EEG power spectrum differentiates between older and younger adults in various experimental cognitive tasks. We extend that work, assessing the relation between the EEG power spectrum and performance on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). METHODS Twenty-one younger and twenty-three older adults completed the RBANS with EEG data collected at rest. Using spectral parameterization, we tested the mediating effect of the spectral slope on differences in subsequent cognitive task performance. RESULTS Older adults performed reliably worse on the RBANS overall, and on the Attention and Delayed Memory domains specifically. However, evidence of mediation was only found for the Coding subtest. CONCLUSIONS The slope of the resting EEG power spectrum mediated age-related differences in cognition, but only in a task requiring speeded processing. Mediation was not statistically significant for delayed memory, even though age-related differences were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pathania
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah
| | - M J Euler
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah
| | - M Clark
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah
| | - R Cowan
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah
| | - K Duff
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah
| | - K R Lohse
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah; Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis
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15
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Liao W, Cui D, Jin J, Liu W, Wang X, Wang H, Li Y, Liu Z, Yin T. Correlation Between Amygdala Nuclei Volumes and Memory in Cognitively Normal Adults Carrying the ApoE ε3/ε3 Allele. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:747288. [PMID: 34970135 PMCID: PMC8713572 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.747288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is known to be related to cognitive function. In this study, we used an automated approach to segment the amygdala into nine nuclei and evaluated amygdala and nuclei volumetric changes across the adult lifespan in subjects carrying the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε3/ε3 allele, and we related those changes to memory function alteration. We found that except the left medial nucleus (Me), whose volume decreased in the old group compared with the middle-early group, all other nuclei volumes presented a significant decline in the old group compared with the young group. Left accessory basal nucleus (AB) and left cortico-amygdaloid transition area (CAT) volumes were also diminished in the middle-late group. In addition, immediate memory recall is impaired by the process of aging, whereas delayed recall and delayed recognition memory functions were not significantly changed. We found significant positive correlations between immediate recall scores and volumes of the bilateral basal nucleus (Ba), AB, anterior amygdaloid area (AAA), CAT, whole amygdala, left lateral nucleus (La), left paralaminar nucleus (PL), and right cortical nucleus (Co). The results suggest that immediate recall memory decline might be associated with volumetric reduction of the amygdala and its nuclei, and the left AB and left CAT might be considered as potential imaging biomarkers of memory decline in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Cui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingna Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Sinovation (Beijing) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Neural, psychological, and social foundations of collective memory: Implications for common mnemonic processes, agency, and identity. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 274:1-30. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Deep characterization of individual brain-phenotype relations using a multilevel atlas. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Hedberg L, Ekman U, Nordin LE, Smedberg JI, Skott P, Seiger Å, Sandborgh-Englund G, Westman E, Kumar A, Trulsson M. Cognitive changes and neural correlates after oral rehabilitation procedures in older adults: a protocol for an interventional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:297. [PMID: 34107933 PMCID: PMC8191046 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies show an association between masticatory function and cognitive impairment. This has further strengthened the notion that tooth loss and impaired masticatory function may be risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline. Animal experiments have indicated a causal relationship and several possible mechanisms have been discussed. This evidence is, however, lacking in humans. Therefore, in the current interventional study, we aim to investigate the effect of rehabilitation of masticatory function on cognition in older adults. METHODS Eighty patients indicated for prosthodontic rehabilitation will be randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. Participants will conduct neuropsychological assessments, masticatory performance tests, saliva tests, optional magnetic resonance imaging, and answer questionnaires on oral health impact profiles and hospital anxiety and depression scale before, 3 months, and 1 year after oral rehabilitation. The difference between the two groups is that the control group will be tested an additional time, (at an interval of about 3 months) before the onset of the oral rehabilitation procedure. The primary outcome is a change in measures of episodic memory performance. DISCUSSION Although tooth loss and masticatory function are widespread in older people, it is still an underexplored modifiable risk factor potentially contributing to the development of cognitive impairment. If rehabilitation of masticatory function shows positive effects on the neurocognitive function, this will have great implications on future health care for patients with impaired masticatory status. The present project may provide a new avenue for the prevention of cognitive decline in older individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol for the study was retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04458207, dated 02-07-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Hedberg
- Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Box 4064, 141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Urban Ekman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Love Engström Nordin
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Diagnostic Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Ivan Smedberg
- Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Box 4064, 141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pia Skott
- Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Seiger
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Sandborgh-Englund
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Box 4064, 141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
- Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Box 4064, 141 04, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Mats Trulsson
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Box 4064, 141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
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19
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Highly superior autobiographical memory in aging: A single case study. Cortex 2021; 143:267-280. [PMID: 34167804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Whilst countless studies have shown that aging is associated with cognitive decline in the general population, near to nothing is known about this association in elderly individuals naturally exhibiting enhanced memory capabilities. The identification of a 75 years old individual (GC) with highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM), and his willingness to volunteer to our study over a period of five years, allowed us to investigate this issue in a single case study. At the age of 75 years, GC was screened for HSAM with the Public Events Quiz and the Random Dates Quiz, with a positive outcome. GC's memory performance was extraordinarily higher than normal-memory control subjects (>3 standard deviations), and comparable to a group of younger HSAM individuals (mean age of 32.5 years; Santangelo et al., 2018). GC underwent general neuropsychological (Mini-Mental State Examination), personality (Personality Assessment Inventory), and brain morphological (brain volumes and lesions) assessments, showing no deviation from normal ranges. To gain insight into the brain mechanisms underlying his memory performance, GC underwent functional brain imaging during the retrieval of memories associated with random dates. The latter were also rated in terms of reliving quality and emotional valence. Similar to younger HSAM individuals, GC's access to past memories recruited a wide network of prefrontal and temporo-parietal regions, especially during the recollection of memories associated with a lower reliving rating, suggesting a compensatory mechanism in HSAM. Increased activity in the insula was instead associated with emotionally-positive memories. Five years later, GC was tested again for HSAM and showed no sign of memory decline, whereby his memory performance was indistinguishable from the tests he performed five years earlier. GC's case suggests that highly superior memory performance can manifest without apparent decline in physiological aging. Implications of the current findings for the extant models of autobiographical memory are discussed.
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20
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Duggan MR, Parikh V. Microglia and modifiable life factors: Potential contributions to cognitive resilience in aging. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113207. [PMID: 33640394 PMCID: PMC8005490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of age-related cognitive decline, it is relevant to consider the factors and mechanisms that might facilitate an individual's resiliency to such deficits. Growing evidence suggests a preeminent role of microglia, the prime mediator of innate immunity within the central nervous system. Human and animal investigations suggest aberrant microglial functioning and neuroinflammation are not only characteristic of the aged brain, but also might contribute to age-related dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Conversely, accumulating data suggest that modifiable lifestyle factors (MLFs), such as healthy diet, exercise and cognitive engagement, can reliably afford cognitive benefits by potentially suppressing inflammation in the aging brain. The present review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the role for microglia in maintaining brain homeostasis and cognitive functioning in aging. Moreover, we propose an integrated, mechanistic model that postulates an individual's resiliency to cognitive decline afforded by MLFs might be mediated by the mitigation of aberrant microglia activation in aging, and subsequent suppression of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Duggan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States.
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21
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Jockwitz C, Mérillat S, Liem F, Oschwald J, Amunts K, Jäncke L, Caspers S. Generalizing Longitudinal Age Effects on Brain Structure - A Two-Study Comparison Approach. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:635687. [PMID: 33935669 PMCID: PMC8085300 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.635687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies indicate that normal aging is accompanied by decreases in brain structure. Longitudinal studies, however, are relatively rare and inconsistent regarding their outcomes. Particularly the heterogeneity of methods, sample characteristics and the high inter-individual variability in older adults prevent the deduction of general trends. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare longitudinal age-related changes in brain structure (measured through cortical thickness) in two large independent samples of healthy older adults (n = 161 each); the Longitudinal Healthy Aging Brain (LHAB) database project at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, and 1000BRAINS at the Research Center Juelich, Germany. Annual percentage changes in the two samples revealed stable to slight decreases in cortical thickness over time. After correction for major covariates, i.e., baseline age, sex, education, and image quality, sample differences were only marginally present. Results suggest that general trends across time might be generalizable over independent samples, assuming the same methodology is used, and similar sample characteristics are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susan Mérillat
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziskus Liem
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Oschwald
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Males and females are subject to differences in cognitive processing strategies, i.e. the way males and females solve cognitive tasks. So far primarily reported for younger adults, this seems to be especially important in older adults, who also show sex differences in cognitive impairments. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine the older adult population with respect to cognitive profiles derived from a large variety of cognitive functions. Using an exploratory component analysis with consecutive confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 676 older adults, neuropsychological performance data in a variety of cognitive domains was decomposed into cognitive components. A general cognitive profile based on the whole group fits unequally well on the two sexes. Importantly, cognitive profiles based on either males or females differ in terms of their composition of cognitive components, i.e. three components in males versus four components in females, with a generally better model fit in females. Thus, related to the established differences in processing styles between males and females the current study found a rather decomposed (or local) cognitive profile in females while males seem to show a holistic (or global) cognitive profile, with more interrelations between different cognitive functions.
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23
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Sandberg P, Boraxbekk CJ, Zogaj I, Nyberg L. Ancient Mnemonic in New Format-Episodic Memory Training With the Method of Loci in a Smart Phone Application. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:681-691. [PMID: 33480435 PMCID: PMC7955968 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Episodic memory is age-sensitive but can be strengthened by targeted training interventions. The method of loci (MoL) is a classic mnemonic which if successfully implemented greatly improves memory performance. We developed and investigated the effects of a MoL training program implemented in a smart phone application (app) with the aim of studying usage of the application, training effect and its modifiability by age, predictors for MoL proficiency, transfer effects to a face-name memory task, and perceived benefit in everyday memory. Method A total of 359 adults participated. Instruction and training of the MoL, transfer test (face-name paired associates cued recall task), and surveys were performed in an in-house developed app. Results The app interested people across the adult life span. Older adults practiced the most, whereas younger and young-old participants showed the highest level of MoL proficiency. Level of proficiency was modulated by amount of practice, but in the oldest participants this effect was less pronounced. Greater self-rated health was associated with higher level of proficiency. No transfer effect was observed. Among those who answered the survey, about half expressed that MoL training had benefitted memory in their everyday life. Discussion App-based memory training in the MoL can be delivered successfully via an app across the adult life span. Level of performance reached in training is variable but generally high, and mainly influenced by amount of training and age of the participants. Our data suggest plasticity across the life span, but to a lesser degree for adults between 70 and 90 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sandberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Sweden.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Denmark
| | - Idriz Zogaj
- Swedish Memory Sports Council, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
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Deng L, Stanley ML, Monge ZA, Wing EA, Geib BR, Davis SW, Cabeza R. Age-Related Compensatory Reconfiguration of PFC Connections during Episodic Memory Retrieval. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:717-730. [PMID: 32710101 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During demanding cognitive tasks, older adults (OAs) frequently show greater prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity than younger adults (YAs). This age-related increase in PFC activity is often associated with enhanced cognitive performance, suggesting functional compensation. However, the brain is a complex network of interconnected regions, and it is unclear how network connectivity of PFC regions differs for OAs versus YAs. To investigate this, we examined the age-related difference on the functional brain networks mediating episodic memory retrieval. YAs and OAs participants encoded and recalled visual scenes, and age-related differences in network topology during memory retrieval were investigated as a function of memory performance. We measured both changes in functional integration and reconfiguration in connectivity patterns. The study yielded three main findings. First, PFC regions were more functionally integrated with the rest of the brain network in OAs. Critically, this age-related increase in PFC integration was associated with better retrieval performance. Second, PFC regions showed stronger performance-related reconfiguration of connectivity patterns in OAs. Finally, the PFC reconfiguration increases in OAs tracked reconfiguration reductions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL)-a core episodic memory region, suggesting that PFC connectivity in OAs may be compensating for MTL deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Deng
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mathew L Stanley
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zachary A Monge
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Erik A Wing
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,The Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Benjamin R Geib
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Simon W Davis
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Roberto Cabeza
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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25
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Nyberg L, Boraxbekk CJ, Sörman DE, Hansson P, Herlitz A, Kauppi K, Ljungberg JK, Lövheim H, Lundquist A, Adolfsson AN, Oudin A, Pudas S, Rönnlund M, Stiernstedt M, Sundström A, Adolfsson R. Biological and environmental predictors of heterogeneity in neurocognitive ageing: Evidence from Betula and other longitudinal studies. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101184. [PMID: 32992046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in cognitive performance increase with advancing age, reflecting marked cognitive changes in some individuals along with little or no change in others. Genetic and lifestyle factors are assumed to influence cognitive performance in ageing by affecting the magnitude and extent of age-related brain changes (i.e., brain maintenance or atrophy), as well as the ability to recruit compensatory processes. The purpose of this review is to present findings from the Betula study and other longitudinal studies, with a focus on clarifying the role of key biological and environmental factors assumed to underlie individual differences in brain and cognitive ageing. We discuss the vital importance of sampling, analytic methods, consideration of non-ignorable dropout, and related issues for valid conclusions on factors that influence healthy neurocognitive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Eriksson Sörman
- Department of Human Work Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Hansson
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Agneta Herlitz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kauppi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica K Ljungberg
- Department of Human Work Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Hugo Lövheim
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Oudin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Environment Society and Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University
| | - Sara Pudas
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Stiernstedt
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Sundström
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Oxygen: The Rate-Limiting Factor for Episodic Memory Performance, Even in Healthy Young Individuals. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091328. [PMID: 32957482 PMCID: PMC7563755 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognition is a crucial element of human functionality. Like any other physical capability, cognition is both enabled and limited by tissue biology. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oxygen is a rate-limiting factor for any of the main cognitive domains in healthy young individuals. Fifty-six subjects were randomly assigned to either increased oxygen supply using hyperbaric oxygen (two atmospheres of 100% oxygen) or to a “sham” treatment (a simulation of increased pressure in a chamber with normal air). While in the chamber, participants went through a battery of tests evaluating the major cognitive domains including information processing speed, episodic memory, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and attention. The results demonstrated that from all evaluated cognitive domains, a statistically significant improvement was found in the episodic memory of the hyper-oxygenized group. The hyper-oxygenized group demonstrated a better learning curve and a higher resilience to interference. To conclude, oxygen delivery is a rate-limiting factor for memory function even in healthy young individuals under normal conditions. Understanding the biological limitations of our cognitive functions is important for future development of interventional tools that can be used in daily clinical practice.
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Cansino S, Torres-Trejo F, Estrada-Manilla C, Pérez-Loyda M, Ramírez-Barajas L, Hernández-Ladrón-deGuevara M, Nava-Chaparro A, Ruiz-Velasco S. Predictors of Working Memory Maintenance and Decline in Older Adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104074. [PMID: 32416462 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is associated with the gradual decline of several cognitive functions, and working memory is particularly affected. Although the majority of older adults experience a deterioration of their working memory, some individuals maintain their working memory in older age, and some suffer an extreme deterioration of their working memory. The purpose of the present study was to identify, among a total of 120 potential predictors, those that significantly contributed to these two extreme outcomes in working memory. A sample of 588 healthy adults was examined with the n-back task in the spatial and verbal domains using a 2-back level of difficulty. Individuals were classified as working memory maintainers or decliners if their discrimination level in the two domains was superior to the 80th percentile or inferior to the 20th percentile, respectively. Logistic regression identified eight and six significant predictors of working memory maintenance and decline, respectively. High vocabulary scores and smoking more were significant predictors of working memory maintenance; however, in the opposite direction, these same variables predicted working memory decline. Several consumption habits that influenced cerebrovascular function were found in both models. Psychological traits and everyday activities were present in both models. We identified specific predictors that contribute to extremely high or low working memory performance in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Cansino
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Frine Torres-Trejo
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Cinthya Estrada-Manilla
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Miguel Pérez-Loyda
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Liuba Ramírez-Barajas
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Aidé Nava-Chaparro
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia Ruiz-Velasco
- Department o Probability and Statistics, Applied Mathematics and Systems Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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28
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Bezdicek O, Červenková M, Georgi H, Schmand B, Hladká A, Rulseh A, Kopeček M. Long-term cognitive trajectory and activities of daily living in healthy aging. Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:1381-1397. [PMID: 32306891 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1745895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate if participants in NANOK study (National Normative Study of Cognitive Determinants of Healthy Ageing) who show no cognitive decline throughout five years (successful healthy agers; SHA) will show less age-related differences in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) based on Functional Activities Questionnaire in comparison to participants who show subtle cognitive decline (Decliners) over time.Method: We used two different classifications of SHA: Rogalski (N = 25 SHA and N = 15 Decliners) based on cross-sectional neuropsychology measures and linear mixed model (LMEM; 20 SHA and 20 Decliners) based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment longitudinal 5-years follow-up. Whole-brain T1- and T2-weighted images were corrected for distortions and segmented using Freesurfer. Whole-brain volumetry was performed using FSL's voxel-based morphometry tool.Results: The cognitive decline after four years follow-up but not age predicts subtle impairment in IADL in healthy ageing participants. We found brain volumetric differences between SHA and Decliners based on Rogalski but not LMEM classification especially in bilateral insular cortices and ventrolateral frontal cortex. The logistic regression model achieved an accuracy of 75% for the Rogalski in comparison to 67.5% for the LMEM classification.Conclusions: Slight restrictions in IADL seem to be a useful tool for screening healthy ageing participants at risk of developing subtle cognitive decline over a period of five years and the cross-sectional Rogalski criteria based on standardized neuropsychological measures were superior for tapping age-related brain changes to longitudinal LMEM classification based on screening (Montreal Cognitive Assessment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Bezdicek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Červenková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ben Schmand
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adéla Hladká
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron Rulseh
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Radiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kopeček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychiatry, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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29
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Samrani G, Persson J. Proactive interference in working memory is related to adult age and cognitive factors: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the Betula study. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2020; 28:108-127. [PMID: 31951775 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1713982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In working memory (WM), successful maintenance of information is affected by interference. Older adults may be especially susceptible to the effects of interference, which may cause age-related cognitive impairments. A relative score of IC was derived from cross-sectional (n = 869) and longitudinal (n = 443) data to investigate (1) if IC is reduced in normal aging, (2) if individual differences in IC related to individual performance in other cognitive domains, and (3) if 5-year change in IC is related to change in general cognition. Older age was associated with reduced IC, but no decline in IC occurred over 5 years. Also, the ability to control interference in WM was related to performance in episodic memory, verbal fluency, and block design. We also found that IC mediates the relationship between age and cognition, suggesting that age-related cognitive decline is linked to IC. Finally, we demonstrate that change in IC was related to decline in episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Samrani
- Department of Neuroscience, Care Sciences, and Society, Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University , Solna, Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Department of Neuroscience, Care Sciences, and Society, Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University , Solna, Sweden.,School of Law, Psychology, and Social Work, Center for Developmental Research (CDR), Örebro University , Örebro, Sweden
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30
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Muehlroth BE, Werkle-Bergner M. Understanding the interplay of sleep and aging: Methodological challenges. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13523. [PMID: 31930523 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In quest of new avenues to explain, predict, and treat pathophysiological conditions during aging, research on sleep and aging has flourished. Despite the great scientific potential to pinpoint mechanistic pathways between sleep, aging, and pathology, only little attention has been paid to the suitability of analytic procedures applied to study these interrelations. On the basis of electrophysiological sleep and structural brain data of healthy younger and older adults, we identify, illustrate, and resolve methodological core challenges in the study of sleep and aging. We demonstrate potential biases in common analytic approaches when applied to older populations. We argue that uncovering age-dependent alterations in the physiology of sleep requires the development of adjusted and individualized analytic procedures that filter out age-independent interindividual differences. Age-adapted methodological approaches are thus required to foster the development of valid and reliable biomarkers of age-associated cognitive pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate E Muehlroth
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Zhang J, Andreano JM, Dickerson BC, Touroutoglou A, Barrett LF. Stronger Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode and Salience Networks Is Associated With Youthful Memory in Superaging. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:72-84. [PMID: 31058917 PMCID: PMC7029690 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
"Superagers" are older adults who, despite their advanced age, maintain youthful memory. Previous morphometry studies revealed multiple default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN) regions whose cortical thickness is greater in superagers and correlates with memory performance. In this study, we examined the intrinsic functional connectivity within DMN and SN in 41 young (24.5 ± 3.6 years old) and 40 older adults (66.9 ± 5.5 years old). Superaging was defined as youthful performance on a memory recall task, the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan and performed a separate visual-verbal recognition memory task. As predicted, within both DMN and SN, superagers had stronger connectivity compared with typical older adults and similar connectivity compared with young adults. Superagers also performed similarly to young adults and better than typical older adults on the recognition task, demonstrating youthful episodic memory that generalized across memory tasks. Stronger connectivity within each network independently predicted better performance on both the CVLT and recognition task in older adults. Variation in intrinsic connectivity explained unique variance in memory performance, above and beyond youthful neuroanatomy. These results extend our understanding of the neural basis of superaging as a model of successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Andreano
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Westerhausen R, Nyberg L, Ebmeier KP, Lindenberger U, Bartrés-Faz D, Baaré WF, Siebner HR, Henson R, Drevon CA, Strømstad Knudsen GP, Ljøsne IB, Penninx BW, Ghisletta P, Rogeberg O, Tyler L, Bertram L. Healthy minds 0–100 years: Optimising the use of European brain imaging cohorts (“Lifebrain”). Eur Psychiatry 2020; 50:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe main objective of “Lifebrain” is to identify the determinants of brain, cognitive and mental (BCM) health at different stages of life. By integrating, harmonising and enriching major European neuroimaging studies across the life span, we will merge fine-grained BCM health measures of more than 5000 individuals. Longitudinal brain imaging, genetic and health data are available for a major part, as well as cognitive and mental health measures for the broader cohorts, exceeding 27,000 examinations in total. By linking these data to other databases and biobanks, including birth registries, national and regional archives, and by enriching them with a new online data collection and novel measures, we will address the risk factors and protective factors of BCM health. We will identify pathways through which risk and protective factors work and their moderators. Exploiting existing European infrastructures and initiatives, we hope to make major conceptual, methodological and analytical contributions towards large integrative cohorts and their efficient exploitation. We will thus provide novel information on BCM health maintenance, as well as the onset and course of BCM disorders. This will lay a foundation for earlier diagnosis of brain disorders, aberrant development and decline of BCM health, and translate into future preventive and therapeutic strategies. Aiming to improve clinical practice and public health we will work with stakeholders and health authorities, and thus provide the evidence base for prevention and intervention.
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33
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Functional and structural correlates of working memory performance and stability in healthy older adults. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 225:375-386. [PMID: 31873799 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-02009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-described deleterious effects of aging on cognition, some individuals are able to show stability. Here, we aimed to describe the functional and structural brain characteristics of older individuals, particularly focusing on those with stable working memory (WM) performance, as measured with a verbal N-back task across a 2-year follow-up interval. Forty-seven subjects were categorized as stables or decliners based on their WM change. Stables were further subdivided into high performers (SHP) and low performers (SLP), based on their baseline scores. At both time points, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired, including task-based functional MRI (fMRI) and structural T1-MRI. Although there was no significant interaction between overall stables and decliners as regards fMRI patterns, decliners exhibited over-activation in the right superior parietal lobule at follow-up as compared to baseline, while SHP showed reduced the activity in this region. Further, at follow-up, decliners exhibited more activity than SHP but in left temporo-parietal cortex and posterior cingulate (i.e., non-task-related areas). Also, at the cross-sectional level, SLP showed lower activity than SHP at both time points and less activity than decliners at follow-up. Concerning brain structure, a generalized significant cortical thinning over time was identified for the whole sample. Notwithstanding, the decliners evidenced a greater rate of atrophy comprising the posterior middle and inferior temporal gyrus as compared to the stable group. Overall, fMRI data suggest unsuccessful compensation in the case of decliners, shown as increases in functional recruitment during the task in the context of a loss in WM performance and brain atrophy. On the other hand, among older individuals with WM cognitive stability, differences in baseline performance might determine dissimilar fMRI trajectories. In this vein, the findings in the SHP subgroup support the brain maintenance hypothesis, suggesting that stable and high WM performance in aging is sustained by functional efficiency and maintained brain structure rather than compensatory changes.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prospective studies suggest that memory deficits are detectable decades before clinical symptoms of dementia emerge. However, individual differences in long-term memory trajectories prior to diagnosis need to be further elucidated. The aim of the current study was to investigate long-term dementia and mortality risk for individuals with different memory trajectory profiles in a well-characterized population-based sample. METHODS 1062 adults (aged 45-80 years) who were non-demented at baseline were followed over 23-28 years. Dementia and mortality risk were studied for three previously classified episodic memory trajectory groups: maintained high performance (Maintainers; 26%), average decline (Averages; 64%), and accelerated decline (Decliners; 12%), using multistate modeling to characterize individuals' transitions from an initial non-demented state, possibly to a state of dementia and/or death. RESULTS The memory groups showed considerable intergroup variability in memory profiles, starting 10-15 years prior to dementia diagnosis, and prior to death. A strong relationship between memory trajectory group and dementia risk was found. Specifically, Decliners had more than a fourfold risk of developing dementia compared to Averages. In contrast, Maintainers had a 2.6 times decreased dementia risk compared to Averages, and in addition showed no detectable memory decline prior to dementia diagnosis. A similar pattern of association was found for the memory groups and mortality risk, although only among non-demented. CONCLUSION There was a strong relationship between accelerated memory decline and dementia, further supporting the prognostic value of memory decline. The intergroup differences, however, suggest that mechanisms involved in successful memory aging may delay symptom onset.
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ALFotawi R, Alzahrani S, Alhefdhi R, Altamimi A, Alfadhel A, Alshareef A, Aldawsari B, Sonbol S, Alsubaie F, Alwahibi A, Al-Sinaidi A. The relation between teeth loss and cognitive decline among Saudi population in the city of Riyadh: A pilot study. Saudi Dent J 2019; 32:232-241. [PMID: 32647470 PMCID: PMC7336006 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Teeth are necessary for sensory input to the brain during the chewing process, but how the decrease in this sensory input, due to loss of teeth, may cause weak memory and lead to cognitive decline is not well understood. This pilot public survey aiming to assess the correlation between the number of missing teeth, periodontal disease, and cognitive skill in the city of Riyadh. Material& Methods A multicenter cross-sectional survey, targeting geriatric population aged ≥60 years, was performed in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was conducted to all participants to assess their cognitive function. Assessment of oral health status was carried out, including the number of present dentation and their periodontal status. Community periodontal-index (CPI) was used to assess the periodontal condition. The primary variables were number of missing teeth, periodontal disease and MoCA test scores. Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were computed and the significant P- value was set at <0.05. Results Of 95 participants, overall, 57 (60%) and 38 (40%) were male and female, respectively, with a mean age of 65.67 ± 6.32 years. Females showed more significant cognitive decline than males (P < 0.001). Cognitive decline was significantly high in participants with low educational level 19 (95%), unemployment 41 (79%), and lower income people 26 (79%), while being cognitive intact was significantly higher in highly educated 13 (87%), retired 21 (62%), and higher income people 28 (74%) at (P < 0.001). An advanced age and greater number of missing teeth are associated with lower MoCA test scores. No statistical significant correlation with regard to periodontal disease and MoCA test scores. Conclusion Based on the preliminary data, positive correlation was confirmed when the number of missing teeth and cognitive skill were assessed. Therefore, larger, multi-center regional surveys are needed to investigate further this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa ALFotawi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Dental Faculty, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alzahrani
- Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudia Arabia
| | - Reem Alhefdhi
- Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudia Arabia
| | - Asma Altamimi
- Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudia Arabia
| | - Alia Alfadhel
- Dept. of Dentistry, Saudi, Ministry of Health, AlBaha Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alshareef
- Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudia Arabia
| | - Bader Aldawsari
- Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudia Arabia
| | - Saleh Sonbol
- Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudia Arabia
| | - Faisal Alsubaie
- Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudia Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alwahibi
- Psychiatry Dept. King Saud University Medical city, collage of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudia Arabia
| | - Aljoharah Al-Sinaidi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dept of Periodontology Dental Faculty, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Baran TM, Lin FV. Amyloid and FDG PET of Successful Cognitive Aging: Global and Cingulate-Specific Differences. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:307-318. [PMID: 30282358 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some individuals, called Supernormals (SN), maintain excellent memory in old age. While brain structural and functional integrity in SN seem to be aging-resistant, their amyloidosis and neural injury status has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to compare cortical amyloid deposition and glucose metabolism between SN and older adults with normal cognition (NC), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Subjects from the ADNI database were included if they received T1-weighted MRI, amyloid PET, FDG-PET, and cognitive testing within a 6-month period, yielding 27 AD, 69 MCI, 172 NC, and 122 SN. PET standardized uptake value ratios (SUVrs) were calculated for the whole cortex and 68 regions of interest, with whole cerebellum serving as reference. RESULTS SN had lower whole cortex amyloid than MCI, and higher glucose metabolism than all others. Regional analysis revealed that amyloid burden and glucose metabolism in the right isthmus cingulate cortex differed in SN compared to others, while SN glucose metabolism also differed from others in several frontal and temporal regions. CONCLUSION Preserved cortical glucose metabolism, and lower levels of amyloidosis and glucose hypometabolism in the right isthmus cingulate cortex, contributes to the Supernormal phenomenon. These findings may be informative for development of early screening biomarkers and therapeutic targets for modification of cognitive trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Baran
- Departments of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Feng Vankee Lin
- Departments of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Sadeh T, Dang C, Gat-Lazer S, Moscovitch M. Recalling the firedog: Individual differences in associative memory for unitized and nonunitized associations among older adults. Hippocampus 2019; 30:130-142. [PMID: 31348573 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Memory deficits in aging are characterized by impaired hippocampus-mediated relational binding-the formation of links between items in memory. By reducing reliance on relational binding, unitization of two items into one concept enhances associative recognition among older adults. Can a similar enhancement be obtained when probing memory with recall? This question has yet to be examined, because recall has been assumed to rely predominantly on relational binding. Inspired by recent evidence challenging this assumption, we investigated individual differences in older adults' recall of unitized and nonunitized associations. Compared with successfully aging individuals, older adults with mild memory deficits, typically mediated by the hippocampus, were impaired in recall of paired-associates in a task which relies on relational binding (study: "PLAY-TUNNEL"; test: PLAY-T?). In stark contrast, the two groups showed similar performance when items were unitized into a novel compound word (study: "LOVEGIGGLE"; test: LOVEG?). Thus, boosting nonrelational aspects of recall enhances associative memory among aging individuals with subtle memory impairments to comparable levels as successfully aging older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Sadeh
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christa Dang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sigal Gat-Lazer
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Chronic Pain Day Care Unit, Rehabilitation Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Pollard J, Kosmoski C, Porter WL, Kocher L, Whitson A, Nasarwanji M. Operators' views of mobile equipment ingress and egress safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS 2019; 72:35-44. [PMID: 31745376 PMCID: PMC6863436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A large proportion of non-fatal slips, trips, and falls (STFs) at surface mining facilities are associated with mobile equipment. Ingress and egress from mobile equipment can pose a fall risk to mobile equipment operators. The objective of this study was to determine mobile equipment operators' views of STF risks from mobile equipment, and to ascertain what factors, tasks, and conditions they perceive as contributing to these risks. A thematic analysis of 23 individual interviews and 2 group interviews was conducted, with 10 overarching themes identified from the transcripts. Mobile equipment operators indicated that being unable to see their feet or the ladder rungs during descent and the presence of contaminants on the ladders caused by normal operation make egress more dangerous than ingress. The flexible rails and high heights of the lower rungs identified over 40 years ago as issues for mobile equipment operators still pose a perceived STF risk. Further, the requirements of routine maintenance tasks such as oil and filter changes, greasing, and cleaning windows pose fall risks due to inadequate access and the need to carry supplies up and down equipment ladders. In addition to the mobile equipment, hazardous ground conditions and insufficient lighting were found to be key issues around the mobile equipment and in parking areas. The findings of this work indicate that mobile equipment operators feel at risk for STFs due to the design and condition of their equipment, and would like to see ladders replaced with safer stairways as the primary ingress/egress system.
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39
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Pudas S, Josefsson M, Rieckmann A, Nyberg L. Longitudinal Evidence for Increased Functional Response in Frontal Cortex for Older Adults with Hippocampal Atrophy and Memory Decline. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:936-948. [PMID: 28119343 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional organization of the frontal cortex is dynamic. Age-related increases in frontal functional responses have been shown during various cognitive tasks, but the cross-sectional nature of most past studies makes it unclear whether these increases reflect reorganization or stable individual differences. Here, we followed 130 older individuals' cognitive trajectories over 20-25 years with repeated neuropsychological assessments every 5th year, and identified individuals with stable or declining episodic memory. Both groups displayed significant gray matter atrophy over 2 successive magnetic resonance imaging sessions 4 years apart, but the decline group also had a smaller volume of the right hippocampus. Only individuals with declining memory demonstrated increased prefrontal functional responses during memory encoding and retrieval over the 4-year interval. Regions with increased functional recruitment were located outside, or on the borders of core task-related networks, indicating an expansion of these over time. These longitudinal findings offer novel insight into the mechanisms behind age-associated memory loss, and are consistent with a theoretical model in which hippocampus atrophy, past a critical threshold, induces episodic-memory decline and altered prefrontal functional organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pudas
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research at Umeå University (CEDAR), Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Rieckmann
- Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Cansino S, Torres-Trejo F, Estrada-Manilla C, Ramírez-Barajas L, Pérez-Loyda M, Nava-Chaparro A, Hernández-Ladrón-deGuevara M, Ruiz-Velasco S. Predictors of Source Memory Success and Failure in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:17. [PMID: 30804777 PMCID: PMC6371062 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Source memory decline has been identified as one of the types of memory most seriously affected during older age. It refers to our capacity to recollect the contextual information in which our experiences take place. Although most elderly adults will be affected by progressive source memory decline, a subset of individuals will not follow this average pattern; instead, their source memory capabilities will remain functional. Likewise, a minority of individuals will manifest an extreme decay of their source memory abilities. The objective of the present study was to identify among 120 potential predictors that significantly contributed to these two extreme source memory outcomes. Spatial source memory was measured in a sample of 519 healthy individuals between 61 and 80 years old. Individuals who performed below the 20th and above the 80th percentiles in the source memory task were defined as individuals whose episodic memory failed and succeeded, respectively. Logistic models identified five and six significant predictors of source memory success and failure in older age, respectively. High source memory performance was mainly predicted by healthy cardiovascular markers and psychological traits, whereas low source memory performance was primarily predicted by consumption habits and by less engagement in mental activities. The models identified relevant biological and life experiences that underlie these unusual source memory outcomes in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Cansino
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Frine Torres-Trejo
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cinthya Estrada-Manilla
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Liuba Ramírez-Barajas
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Pérez-Loyda
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aidé Nava-Chaparro
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Silvia Ruiz-Velasco
- Applied Mathematics and Systems Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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41
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Jockwitz C, Mérillat S, Liem F, Oschwald J, Amunts K, Caspers S, Jäncke L. Generalizing age effects on brain structure and cognition: A two-study comparison approach. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2305-2319. [PMID: 30666760 PMCID: PMC6590363 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal aging is accompanied by an interindividually variable decline in cognitive abilities and brain structure. This variability, in combination with methodical differences and differences in sample characteristics across studies, pose a major challenge for generalizability of results from different studies. Therefore, the current study aimed at cross-validating age-related differences in cognitive abilities and brain structure (measured using cortical thickness [CT]) in two large independent samples, each consisting of 228 healthy older adults aged between 65 and 85 years: the Longitudinal Healthy Aging Brain (LHAB) database (University of Zurich, Switzerland) and the 1000BRAINS (Research Centre Jülich, Germany). Participants from LHAB showed significantly higher education, physical well-being, and cognitive abilities (processing speed, concept shifting, reasoning, semantic verbal fluency, and vocabulary). In contrast, CT values were larger for participants of 1000BRAINS. Though, both samples showed highly similar age-related differences in both, cognitive abilities and CT. These effects were in accordance with functional aging theories, for example, posterior to anterior shift in aging as was shown for the default mode network. Thus, the current two-study approach provides evidence that independently on heterogeneous metrics of brain structure or cognition across studies, age-related effects on cognitive ability and brain structure can be generalized over different samples, assuming the same methodology is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susan Mérillat
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziskus Liem
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Oschwald
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Abstract
For more than 50 years, psychologists, gerontologists, and, more recently, neuroscientists have considered the possibility of successful aging. How to define successful aging remains debated, but well-preserved age-sensitive cognitive functions, like episodic memory, is an often-suggested criterion. Evidence for successful memory aging comes from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies showing that some older individuals display high and stable levels of performance. Successful memory aging may be accomplished via multiple paths. One path is through brain maintenance, or relative lack of age-related brain pathology. Through another path, successful memory aging can be accomplished despite brain pathology by means of efficient compensatory and strategic processes. Genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle factors influence memory aging via both paths. Some of these factors can be promoted throughout the life course, which, at the individual as well as the societal level, can positively impact successful memory aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Pudas
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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43
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Nyström MBT, Sörman DE, Kormi-Nouri R, Rönnlund M. To what extent is subjective well-being in late adulthood related to subjective and objective memory functioning? Five-year cross-lagged panel analyses. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:92-99. [PMID: 29086589 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1394439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population aging motivated a focus in contemporary research on factors, e.g. cognitive functioning, that contribute to 'aging well.' However, something that has been overlooked is relation between memory functioning, determined by objective tests as well as subjective memory ratings, and subjective well-being (SWB). OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal (cross-lagged) relationships between episodic memory (both subjective and objective) and SWB. METHOD A total of 586 older individuals (60-90 years) were assessed on multiple measures of the targeted constructs at baseline (Time 1) as part of the Betula cohort study. Five years later (Time 2), 354 of the participants returned for follow-up measurements and were included in cross-lagged panel analyses. RESULTS As expected, objective memory and subjective memory showed a pattern of cross-sectional age deficits and a mean level longitudinal decline was observed for objective memory. By contrast, SWB showed stable mean levels both across age and time. No cross-sectional or cross-lagged associations were observed between SWB and objective memory, whereas subjective memory and SWB showed a cross-sectional association. CONCLUSION The results underscore that successful aging is a multifaceted construct with no or only weak associations between the investigated components. However, SWB and rate of change at the individual level should be considered to define successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus B T Nyström
- a Deparment of Psychology , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.,b The Graduate School in Population Dynamics and Public Policy , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | | | - Reza Kormi-Nouri
- c School of Law, Psychology and Social Work , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
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44
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Suzuki M, Kawagoe T, Nishiguchi S, Abe N, Otsuka Y, Nakai R, Asano K, Yamada M, Yoshikawa S, Sekiyama K. Neural Correlates of Working Memory Maintenance in Advanced Aging: Evidence From fMRI. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:358. [PMID: 30459595 PMCID: PMC6232505 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM)-related brain activity is known to be modulated by aging; particularly, older adults demonstrate greater activity than young adults. However, it is still unclear whether the activity increase in older adults is also observed in advanced aging. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was designed to clarify the neural correlates of WM in advanced aging. Further, we set out to investigate in the case that adults of advanced age do show age-related increase in WM-related activity, what the functional significance of this over-recruitment might be. Two groups of older adults – “young–old” (61–70 years, n = 17) and “old–old” (77–82 years, n = 16) – were scanned while performing a visual WM task (the n-back task: 0-back and 1-back). WM effects (1-back > 0-back) common to both age groups were identified in several regions, including the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the inferior parietal cortex, and the insula. Greater WM effects in the old–old than in the young–old group were identified in the right caudal DLPFC. These results were replicated when we performed a separate analysis between two age groups with the same level of WM performance (the young–old vs. a “high-performing” subset of the old–old group). There were no regions where WM effects were greater in the young–old group than in the old–old group. Importantly, the magnitude of the over-recruitment WM effects positively correlated with WM performance in the old–old group, but not in the young–old group. The present findings suggest that cortical over-recruitment occurs in advanced old age, and that increased activity may serve a compensatory function in mediating WM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Suzuki
- Division of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kawagoe
- Division of Human and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shu Nishiguchi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Abe
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Otsuka
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakai
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Asano
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamada
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kaoru Sekiyama
- Division of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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45
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Cabeza R, Albert M, Belleville S, Craik FIM, Duarte A, Grady CL, Lindenberger U, Nyberg L, Park DC, Reuter-Lorenz PA, Rugg MD, Steffener J, Rajah MN. Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing. Nat Rev Neurosci 2018; 19:701-710. [PMID: 30305711 PMCID: PMC6472256 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-018-0068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive ageing research examines the cognitive abilities that are preserved and/or those that decline with advanced age. There is great individual variability in cognitive ageing trajectories. Some older adults show little decline in cognitive ability compared with young adults and are thus termed 'optimally ageing'. By contrast, others exhibit substantial cognitive decline and may develop dementia. Human neuroimaging research has led to a number of important advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these two outcomes. However, interpreting the age-related changes and differences in brain structure, activation and functional connectivity that this research reveals is an ongoing challenge. Ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in this venture. Three terms in particular - compensation, maintenance and reserve - have been used in a number of different ways, and researchers continue to disagree about the kinds of evidence or patterns of results that are required to interpret findings related to these concepts. As such inconsistencies can impede progress in both theoretical and empirical research, here, we aim to clarify and propose consensual definitions of these terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cabeza
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fergus I M Craik
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Departments of Radiation Sciences and Integrated Medical Biology, UFBI, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Denise C Park
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Steffener
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottowa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Departments of Psychiatry & Psychology, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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46
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Cabeza R, Albert M, Belleville S, Craik FIM, Duarte A, Grady CL, Lindenberger U, Nyberg L, Park DC, Reuter-Lorenz PA, Rugg MD, Steffener J, Rajah MN. Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing. NATURE REVIEWS. NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 30305711 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-018-0068-2.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive ageing research examines the cognitive abilities that are preserved and/or those that decline with advanced age. There is great individual variability in cognitive ageing trajectories. Some older adults show little decline in cognitive ability compared with young adults and are thus termed 'optimally ageing'. By contrast, others exhibit substantial cognitive decline and may develop dementia. Human neuroimaging research has led to a number of important advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these two outcomes. However, interpreting the age-related changes and differences in brain structure, activation and functional connectivity that this research reveals is an ongoing challenge. Ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in this venture. Three terms in particular - compensation, maintenance and reserve - have been used in a number of different ways, and researchers continue to disagree about the kinds of evidence or patterns of results that are required to interpret findings related to these concepts. As such inconsistencies can impede progress in both theoretical and empirical research, here, we aim to clarify and propose consensual definitions of these terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cabeza
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fergus I M Craik
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Audrey Duarte
- School of Psychology, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Departments of Radiation Sciences and Integrated Medical Biology, UFBI, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Denise C Park
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Steffener
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottowa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Departments of Psychiatry & Psychology, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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47
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Lin FV, Wang X, Wu R, Rebok GW, Chapman BP. Identification of Successful Cognitive Aging in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:101-111. [PMID: 28582857 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present prospective observational study aimed to identify the existence of successful cognitive agers among a group of well-defined cognitively healthy older adults (n = 354, mean age = 75 years), and to examine baseline individual-level predictors and associated health outcomes over time. Episodic memory (EM) and executive function (EF) composite scores and multiple health outcomes were obtained annually over 5 years. Potential individual-level predictors that were related to Alzheimer's disease pathology or genetic risk, neurodegeneration, and vascular risks were collected at baseline. Three latent classes with matched age and education were identified using growth mixture modeling: a group of participants who exhibited high, stable EM and EF (40.7% of the sample, "successful agers"); a group who had initial high cognitive performance that declined over time (21.2%, "declining agers"); and a group who had normal (EM) or poor (EF) but stable cognitive performance over time (38.1%, "low stable agers"). The group classification predicted significant differences in the incidence of global cognitive impairment, the development of at least one depressive symptom, and everyday functional impairment. Sex, apolipoprotein E allele 4, amyloid-β1-42, and t-tau significantly contributed to the difference in cognitive trajectories between the successful agers and the other two groups. Characterizing successful cognitive agers who are relatively resistant to both tau and amyloid pathology provides potential pathways for promoting successful cognitive aging and preventing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng V Lin
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - George W Rebok
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin P Chapman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Public Health Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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48
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Rantalainen V, Lahti J, Henriksson M, Kajantie E, Mikkonen M, Eriksson JG, Raikkonen K. Association between breastfeeding and better preserved cognitive ability in an elderly cohort of Finnish men. Psychol Med 2018; 48:939-951. [PMID: 28826414 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being breastfed in infancy has been shown to benefit neurodevelopment. However, whether the benefits persist to old age remains unclear. METHODS We examined the associations between breastfeeding and its duration on cognitive ability in young adulthood and old age, and on aging-related cognitive change over five decades. In total, 931 men from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born in 1934-1944 in Finland took the Finnish Defence Forces Basic Intellectual Ability Test (total and verbal, arithmetic and visuospatial subtest scores) twice, at ages 20.2 and 67.9 years, and had data on breastfeeding (yes v. no) and its duration ('never breastfed', 'up to 3', '3 to 6' and '6 or more months'). Linear and mixed model regressions tested the associations. RESULTS At 20.2 years, breastfed men had higher cognitive ability total and visuospatial subtest scores [mean differences (MDs) ranged between 3.0-3.9, p values < 0.013], and its longer duration predicted higher cognitive ability total and arithmetic and visuospatial subtest scores (MDs ranged between 3.0 and 4.8, p values < 0.039). At 67.9 years, breastfed men had higher total cognitive ability and all subtest scores (MDs ranged between 2.6 and 3.4, p values < 0.044) and its longer duration predicted all cognitive ability scores (MDs ranged between 3.1 and 4.7, p values < 0.050). Verbal subtest scores decreased over five decades in men who were never breastfed or were breastfed for 3 months or less, and increased in those breastfed for longer than 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Neurodevelopmental advantages of breastfeeding and its longer duration persist into old age, and longer duration of breastfeeding may benefit aging-related change, particularly in verbal reasoning ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rantalainen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland
| | - J Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland
| | - M Henriksson
- Department of Health Care Supervision,National Supervisory Authority of Welfare and Health,Helsinki,Finland
| | - E Kajantie
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, Division of Welfare and Health Promotion, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention,National Institute for Health and Welfare,Helsinki,Finland
| | - M Mikkonen
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention,National Institute for Health and Welfare,Helsinki,Finland
| | | | - K Raikkonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland
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Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Westerhausen R, Nyberg L, Ebmeier KP, Lindenberger U, Bartrés-Faz D, Baaré WFC, Siebner HR, Henson R, Drevon CA, Knudsen GP, Budin-Ljøsne I, Penninx BWJH, Ghisletta P, Rogeberg O, Tyler L, Bertram L. Healthy minds from 0-100 years: Optimising the use of European brain imaging cohorts ("Lifebrain"). Eur Psychiatry 2017; 47:76-87. [PMID: 29127911 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of "Lifebrain" is to identify the determinants of brain, cognitive and mental (BCM) health at different stages of life. By integrating, harmonising and enriching major European neuroimaging studies across the life span, we will merge fine-grained BCM health measures of more than 5,000 individuals. Longitudinal brain imaging, genetic and health data are available for a major part, as well as cognitive and mental health measures for the broader cohorts, exceeding 27,000 examinations in total. By linking these data to other databases and biobanks, including birth registries, national and regional archives, and by enriching them with a new online data collection and novel measures, we will address the risk factors and protective factors of BCM health. We will identify pathways through which risk and protective factors work and their moderators. Exploiting existing European infrastructures and initiatives, we hope to make major conceptual, methodological and analytical contributions towards large integrative cohorts and their efficient exploitation. We will thus provide novel information on BCM health maintenance, as well as the onset and course of BCM disorders. This will lay a foundation for earlier diagnosis of brain disorders, aberrant development and decline of BCM health, and translate into future preventive and therapeutic strategies. Aiming to improve clinical practice and public health we will work with stakeholders and health authorities, and thus provide the evidence base for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (UiO), Harald Schelderups Hus, Forskningsveien 3A, N-0373 Oslo, Norway.
| | - A M Fjell
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (UiO), Harald Schelderups Hus, Forskningsveien 3A, N-0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - R Westerhausen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (UiO), Harald Schelderups Hus, Forskningsveien 3A, N-0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - L Nyberg
- Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (Umeå), Umeå Universitet, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - K P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry (UOXF), University of Oxford Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX37JX Oxford, UK.
| | - U Lindenberger
- Centre for Lifespan Psychology (MPIB), Max-Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - D Bartrés-Faz
- Facultat de Medicina, Campus Clínic, C/. Casanova, University of Barcelona Brain Stimulation Lab (UB), 143, Ala Nord, 5a planta, S-08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - W F C Baaré
- Region Hovedstaden (RegionH), Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Section 714, Kettegard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - H R Siebner
- Region Hovedstaden (RegionH), Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Section 714, Kettegard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - R Henson
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Science Unit (MRC), University of Cambridge, 15, Chaucer Road, CB2 7EF Cambridge, UK.
| | - C A Drevon
- Vitas AS (Analytical Services), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - G P Knudsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo (NIPH), PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - I Budin-Ljøsne
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo (NIPH), PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - B W J H Penninx
- VU University Medical Centre (VUmc), PO Box 7057, NL-1007 Amsterdam, MB, USA.
| | - P Ghisletta
- Research Group: Methodology and Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Sandrine Amstutz, Uni Mail, 4(e) étage, boulevard du Pont-d'Arve 40, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Distance Learning University, Überlandstrasse 12, Postfach 689 CH-3900 Brig, Switzerland.
| | - O Rogeberg
- Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research (Frisch), Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - L Tyler
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychology (UCAM), Downing Street, CB2 3EB Cambridge, UK.
| | - L Bertram
- University of Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA-UzL), University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Str. 1 (MFC1), 23562 D-Lübeck, Germany.
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Jannusch K, Jockwitz C, Bidmon HJ, Moebus S, Amunts K, Caspers S. A Complex Interplay of Vitamin B1 and B6 Metabolism with Cognition, Brain Structure, and Functional Connectivity in Older Adults. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:596. [PMID: 29163003 PMCID: PMC5663975 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with brain atrophy, functional brain network reorganization and decline of cognitive performance, albeit characterized by high interindividual variability. Among environmental influencing factors accounting for this variability, nutrition and particularly vitamin supply is thought to play an important role. While evidence exists that supplementation of vitamins B6 and B1 might be beneficial for cognition and brain structure, at least in deficient states and neurodegenerative diseases, little is known about this relation during healthy aging and in relation to reorganization of functional brain networks. We thus assessed the relation between blood levels of vitamins B1 and B6 and cognitive performance, cortical folding, and functional resting-state connectivity in a large sample of older adults (N > 600; age: 55-85 years), drawn from the population-based 1000BRAINS study. In addition to blood sampling, subjects underwent structural and functional resting-state neuroimaging as well as extensive neuropsychological testing in the domains of executive functions, (working) memory, attention, and language. Brain regions showing changes in the local gyrification index as calculated using FreeSurfer in relation to vitamin levels were used for subsequent seed-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis. For B6, a positive correlation with local cortical folding was found throughout the brain, while only slight changes in functional connectivity were observed. Contrarily, for B1, a negative correlation with cortical folding as well as problem solving and visuo-spatial working memory performance was found, which was accompanied by pronounced increases of interhemispheric and decreases of intrahemispheric functional connectivity. While the effects for B6 expand previous knowledge on beneficial effects of B6 supplementation on brain structure, they also showed that additional effects on cognition might not be recognizable in healthy older subjects with normal B6 blood levels. The cortical atrophy and pronounced functional reorganization associated with B1, contrarily, was more in line with the theory of a disturbed B1 metabolism in older adults, leading to B1 utilization deficits, and thus, an effective B1 deficiency in the brain, despite normal to high-normal blood levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jannusch
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA–BRAIN, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Bidmon
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA–BRAIN, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA–BRAIN, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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