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Weas S, Pawlowski K, Miller M, DePillis R, Baumer N. Psychotropic Medication Prescription Patterns in Down Syndrome in a Large Pediatric Specialty Clinic. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38968386 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2024.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: Patterns of psychotropic medication use in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) are largely unknown. Clinical decisions are often made from evidence and experience from individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability (ID). Methods: Longitudinal data from 670 children with DS who received care in a specialty DS clinic from March 2021 to February 2024 were collected. After each clinic visit, the clinician indicated the presence or absence of co-occurring neurodevelopmental (ND) or mental health (MH) diagnoses, as well as whether the individual was prescribed a psychopharmacological treatment. We used descriptive statistics and analyzed associations between psychotropic medication use, co-occurring ND/MH conditions, and demographic data. Results: 19.1% of patients were prescribed at least one psychotropic medication at their most recent clinical visit. Alpha-agonists were the most commonly prescribed medication class (30.8%), followed by stimulants (18.9%), and antidepressants (16.7%). There was a significant difference in psychotropic medication use by age, with older children having increased odds of being prescribed a psychotropic medication. There were no differences in psychotropic medication use across sex (p = 0.10), race (p = 0.10), or household income (p = 0.16). Conclusions: We found that one-fifth of patients with DS were prescribed psychotropic medications. Nearly every individual with DS who was prescribed a psychotropic medication had a co-occurring ND/MH condition, yet these rates were lower than what have been reported in children with ID, ASD, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Further research needs to include those with DS to further understand medication efficacy and safe dosing practices to ensure optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weas
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine Pawlowski
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miranda Miller
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rafael DePillis
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole Baumer
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lin AE, Scimone ER, Thom RP, Balaguru D, Kinane TB, Moschovis PP, Cohen MS, Tan W, Hague CD, Dannheim K, Levitsky LL, Lilly E, DiGiacomo DV, Masse KM, Kadzielski SM, Zar-Kessler CA, Ginns LC, Neumeyer AM, Colvin MK, Elder JS, Learn CP, Mou H, Weagle KM, Buch KA, Butler WE, Alhadid K, Musolino PL, Sultana S, Bandyopadhyay D, Rapalino O, Peacock ZS, Chou EL, Heidary G, Dorfman AT, Morris SA, Bergin JD, Rayment JH, Schimmenti LA, Lindsay ME. Emergence of the natural history of Myhre syndrome: 47 patients evaluated in the Massachusetts General Hospital Myhre Syndrome Clinic (2016-2023). Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63638. [PMID: 38779990 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Myhre syndrome is an increasingly diagnosed ultrarare condition caused by recurrent germline autosomal dominant de novo variants in SMAD4. Detailed multispecialty evaluations performed at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Myhre Syndrome Clinic (2016-2023) and by collaborating specialists have facilitated deep phenotyping, genotyping and natural history analysis. Of 47 patients (four previously reported), most (81%) patients returned to MGH at least once. For patients followed for at least 5 years, symptom progression was observed in all. 55% were female and 9% were older than 18 years at diagnosis. Pathogenic variants in SMAD4 involved protein residues p.Ile500Val (49%), p.Ile500Thr (11%), p.Ile500Leu (2%), and p.Arg496Cys (38%). Individuals with the SMAD4 variant p.Arg496Cys were less likely to have hearing loss, growth restriction, and aortic hypoplasia than the other variant groups. Those with the p.Ile500Thr variant had moderate/severe aortic hypoplasia in three patients (60%), however, the small number (n = 5) prevented statistical comparison with the other variants. Two deaths reported in this cohort involved complex cardiovascular disease and airway stenosis, respectively. We provide a foundation for ongoing natural history studies and emphasize the need for evidence-based guidelines in anticipation of disease-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eleanor R Scimone
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robyn P Thom
- Lurie Center for Autism, Mass General for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Duraisamy Balaguru
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Bernard Kinane
- Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter P Moschovis
- Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weizhen Tan
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cole D Hague
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katelyn Dannheim
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynne L Levitsky
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evelyn Lilly
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel V DiGiacomo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kara M Masse
- Department of Physical Therapy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah M Kadzielski
- Lurie Center for Autism, Mass General for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire A Zar-Kessler
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leo C Ginns
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann M Neumeyer
- Lurie Center for Autism, Mass General for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pediatric Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary K Colvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jack S Elder
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher P Learn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongmei Mou
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn M Weagle
- Department of Child Life, Pediatric Imaging Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen A Buch
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William E Butler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenda Alhadid
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patricia L Musolino
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sadia Sultana
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Otto Rapalino
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary S Peacock
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Chou
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gena Heidary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aaron T Dorfman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaine A Morris
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James D Bergin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan H Rayment
- Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa A Schimmenti
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark E Lindsay
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Powers JH, Wu M, Palumbo M, Keary CJ, McDougle CJ, Ravichandran C, Thom RP. Guanfacine for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Retrospective Chart Review. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2024; 34:95-103. [PMID: 38483962 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2023.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Study Design: Retrospective case series. Objectives: The objective of this study was to provide naturalistic data on the use of guanfacine for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a clinically referred sample of youth with Down syndrome (DS). Methods: The medical records of children and adolescents with DS who received guanfacine for the treatment of ADHD from a multidisciplinary neurodevelopmental disorder clinic between September 1, 2011, and September 10, 2021, were reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics, guanfacine dose and treatment duration, and adverse effects were recorded. Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) scores for ADHD symptom severity (S) and improvement (I) were retrospectively assigned by a child and adolescent psychiatrist based on review of the clinic notes. Response to guanfacine was defined as completion of at least 12 weeks of treatment and a Clinical Global Impression Improvement subscale rating ≤2 (1 = "very much improved" or 2 = "much improved"). Results: Twenty-one patients were eligible for inclusion, of whom 17 (81%) completed at least 12 weeks of guanfacine. Ten of the 21 patients (48%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 28%-68%) responded to treatment. The median time on guanfacine treatment covered by the clinic notes was 50.4 weeks, with a range of 0.3 weeks to 7.5 years. Thirteen patients (62%) remained on guanfacine at the time of their most recent clinic note. Nine patients had adverse events documented in their clinic notes (43%; 95% CI: 24%-63%), most commonly sleepiness (n = 7) and constipation (n = 2). Conclusion: About half of patients with DS responded to guanfacine for the treatment of ADHD and many tolerated long-term use. Study limitations primarily relate to the retrospective nature of the study and small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Powers
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Lurie Center for Autism, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle Palumbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Lurie Center for Autism, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher J Keary
- Department of Psychiatry, Lurie Center for Autism, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher J McDougle
- Department of Psychiatry, Lurie Center for Autism, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin Ravichandran
- Department of Psychiatry, Lurie Center for Autism, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robyn P Thom
- Department of Psychiatry, Lurie Center for Autism, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
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Baumer NT, Hojlo MA, Lombardo AM, Milliken AL, Pawlowski KG, Sargado S, Soccorso C, Davidson EJ, Barbaresi WJ. Development and implementation of a longitudinal clinical database for down syndrome in a large pediatric specialty clinic: Methodology and feasibility. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2024; 28:196-215. [PMID: 36245216 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221133874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a complex condition associated with multiple medical, developmental, and behavioral concerns. A prospective, longitudinal clinical database was integrated into a specialty Down Syndrome Program, with the goals of better understanding the incidence, course, and impact of co-occurring medical, neurodevelopmental, and mental health conditions in DS. We describe the process of developing the database, including a systematic approach to data collection and database infrastructure, and report on feasibility, challenges, and solutions of initial implementation. Between March 2018 and November 2021, data from 842 patients (ages 4.8 months to 26 years) was collected. Challenges included caregiver form completion as well as time and personnel required for successful implementation. With full integration into clinical visit flow, the database proved to be feasible. The database enables identification of patterns of development and health throughout the lifespan and it facilitates future data sharing and collaborative research to advance care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T Baumer
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, MA, USA
| | - Margaret A Hojlo
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Angela M Lombardo
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Anna L Milliken
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Katherine G Pawlowski
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Sargado
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, MA, USA
| | - Cara Soccorso
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, MA, USA
| | - Emily J Davidson
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, MA, USA
| | - William J Barbaresi
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, MA, USA
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Guo Z, Zhu Y, Xiao H, Dai R, Yang W, Xue W, Zhang X, Hao B, Liao S. Integration of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq identifies MX1-mediated AP-1 transcriptional regulation as a therapeutic target for Down syndrome. Biol Res 2023; 56:67. [PMID: 38066591 PMCID: PMC10709892 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has suggested that Type I Interferon (I-IFN) plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of Down Syndrome (DS). This work investigates the underlying function of MX1, an effector gene of I-IFN, in DS-associated transcriptional regulation and phenotypic modulation. METHODS We performed assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughout sequencing (ATAC-seq) to explore the difference of chromatin accessibility between DS derived amniocytes (DSACs) and controls. We then combined the annotated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched transcriptional factors (TFs) targeting the promoter region from ATAC-seq results with the DEGs in RNA-seq, to identify key genes and pathways involved in alterations of biological processes and pathways in DS. RESULTS Binding motif analysis showed a significant increase in chromatin accessibility of genes related to neural cell function, among others, in DSACs, which is primarily regulated by members of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional factor family. Further studies indicated that MX Dynamin Like GTPase 1 (MX1), defined as one of the key effector genes of I-IFN, is a critical upstream regulator. Its overexpression induced expression of AP-1 TFs and mediated inflammatory response, thus leading to decreased cellular viability of DS cells. Moreover, treatment with specific AP-1 inhibitor T-5224 improved DS-associated phenotypes in DSACs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that MX1-mediated AP-1 activation is partially responsible for cellular dysfunction of DS. T-5224 effectively ameliorated DS-associated phenotypes in DSACs, suggesting it as a potential treatment option for DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglong Guo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Medicine, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Zhu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Medicine, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ranran Dai
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenke Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Medicine, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingtao Hao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- School of Medicine, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shixiu Liao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China.
- School of Medicine, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Baumer NT, Hojlo MA, Pawlowski KG, Milliken AL, Lombardo AM, Sargado S, Soccorso C, Davidson EJ, Barbaresi WJ. Co-occurring conditions in Down syndrome: Findings from a clinical database. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2023; 193:e32072. [PMID: 37873945 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience a range of medical and neurodevelopmental conditions, necessitating systematic study of their occurrence and impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes. We describe the prevalence and relationships of medical, neurodevelopmental (ND), and mental health (MH) conditions in children with DS. We created a prospective clinical database of individuals with DS, integrated into the workflow of a specialty Down Syndrome Program at a specialty pediatric referral hospital. Conditions were collected through caregiver- and clinician report at clinical visits (N = 599). We calculated frequencies of medical, ND, and MH conditions and then assessed the relationship between medical, ND, and MH conditions using frequencies and comparative statistics. The most frequent co-occurring conditions were vision (72.5%), ear/hearing (71.0%), gastrointestinal (61.3%), respiratory (45.6%), and feeding (33.6%) problems, with variation in frequency by age. ND and MH conditions were reported in one quarter, most commonly autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Those with ND and MH conditions had greater frequency of medical conditions, with highest rates of vision, ear/hearing, and gastrointestinal issues, and CHD. Systematically collected clinical data in a large cohort of children with DS reveals high prevalence of several co-occurring medical, ND, and MH conditions. Clinical care requires an understanding of the complex relationship between medical conditions and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T Baumer
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret A Hojlo
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine G Pawlowski
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna L Milliken
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela M Lombardo
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sabrina Sargado
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cara Soccorso
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily J Davidson
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William J Barbaresi
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Baumer NT, Capone G. Psychopharmacological treatments in Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder: State of the research and practical considerations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2023; 193:e32069. [PMID: 37870763 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and especially those with both DS and co-occurring ASD (DS + ASD) commonly display behavioral and psychiatric symptoms that can impact quality of life and places increased burden on caregivers. While the mainstay of treatment in DS and ASD is focused on educational and behavioral therapies, pharmacological treatments can be used to reduce symptom burden. There is a paucity of evidence and limited clinical trials in DS and DS + ASD. Some scientific evidence is available, primarily in open label studies and case series that can guide treatment choices. Additionally, clinical decisions are often extrapolated from evidence and experience from those with ASD, or intellectual disability in those without DS. This article reviews current research in pharmacological treatment in DS, ASD, and DS + ASD, reviews co-occurring neurodevelopmental and mental health diagnoses in individuals with DS + ASD across the lifespan, and describes practical approaches to psychopharmacological management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T Baumer
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Capone
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Fructuoso M, Fernández-Blanco Á, Gallego-Román A, Sierra C, de Lagrán MM, Lorenzon N, De Toma I, Langohr K, Martín-García E, Maldonado R, Dairou J, Janel N, Dierssen M. Exploring the link between hedonic overeating and prefrontal cortex dysfunction in the Ts65Dn trisomic mouse model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:370. [PMID: 37989807 PMCID: PMC11072570 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to the general population. Conventionally, this has been attributed to endocrine issues and lack of exercise. However, deficits in neural reward responses and dopaminergic disturbances in DS may be contributing factors. To investigate this, we focused on a mouse model (Ts65Dn) bearing some triplicated genes homologous to trisomy 21. Through detailed meal pattern analysis in male Ts65Dn mice, we observed an increased preference for energy-dense food, pointing towards a potential "hedonic" overeating behavior. Moreover, trisomic mice exhibited higher scores in compulsivity and inflexibility tests when limited access to energy-dense food and quinine hydrochloride adulteration were introduced, compared to euploid controls. Interestingly, when we activated prelimbic-to-nucleus accumbens projections in Ts65Dn male mice using a chemogenetic approach, impulsive and compulsive behaviors significantly decreased, shedding light on a promising intervention avenue. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism behind the vulnerability to overeating and offer potential new pathways for tackling obesity through innovative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fructuoso
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Blanco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Gallego-Román
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cèsar Sierra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez de Lagrán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Lorenzon
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ilario De Toma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya/ BARCELONATECH, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de Les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, UMR 8601, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julien Dairou
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de Les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, UMR 8601, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Santoro SL, Baker S, Blake JM, Cabrera MJ, Caughman K, Chung J, Cullen S, Gallagher M, Haugen K, Hoke-Chandler R, Krell K, Maina J, McLuckie D, Merker VL, Michael C, O’Neill K, Peña A, Pless A, Royal D, Slape M, Spinazzi NA, Torres A, Torres CG, Skotko BG. Views on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health in people with Down syndrome from diverse backgrounds. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2045-2056. [PMID: 37264986 PMCID: PMC10524618 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) has a unique medical and psychological profile. To date, few studies have asked individuals with DS about their views of health, and fewer have explored the impact of COVID-19 on the health of individuals with DS and their families. We used a mixed methods approach including two studies on the health of individuals with DS and their parents conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) eight virtual focus groups, comprised of 20 parents and 8 individuals with DS to obtain participants' views of health, and (2) a 20-item questionnaire on health care experience of patients with DS who are African American or come from primarily Spanish-speaking homes. Focus group transcripts were coded using a hybrid inductive/deductive framework and thematically analyzed using the Framework Method. This questionnaire included questions regarding the impact of COVID-19 on caregivers and their loved ones with DS; responses to these questions were summarized using descriptive statistics. Individuals with DS discussed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their physical and social health including masking, online learning, and online communication with friends and family. Parents of individuals with DS discussed how the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted their child's physical, social, and mental health, as a result of virtual schooling and decreased socialization. There were unexpected positives of the pandemic such as improved hygiene and eased scheduling with telehealth visits. Caregivers noted COVID-19 impacted their own anxiety, employment, and other domains that have potential ripple effects on the health of their children. The COVID-19 pandemic had a pervasive impact on the mental health and wellness of caregivers as well as the physical, social, and mental health of individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Santoro
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jasmine M. Blake
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Maria J. Cabrera
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jeanhee Chung
- Laboratory of Computer Science, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah Cullen
- Massachusetts Down Syndrome Congress, Burlington, MA
| | | | - Kelsey Haugen
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Kavita Krell
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Vanessa L. Merker
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Carie Michael
- Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kate O’Neill
- LuMind IDSC Down Syndrome Foundation, Burlington, MA
| | - Angeles Peña
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Albert Pless
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Noemi Alice Spinazzi
- Division of Primary Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA
| | - Amy Torres
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Brian G. Skotko
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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10
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Santoro SL, Cabrera M, Co J, Constantine M, Haugen K, Krell K, Skotko BG, Winickoff JP, Donelan K. Health in Down syndrome: creating a conceptual model. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:323-351. [PMID: 36650105 PMCID: PMC9992291 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) has a unique medical and psychological profile that could impact how health is defined on three dimensions: physical, social and mental well-being. METHODS In 2021, we presented our proposed conceptual model to three expert panels, four focus groups of parents of individuals with DS age 0-21 years and four focus groups of individuals with DS age 13-21 years through videoconferencing technology. Participants gave feedback and discussed the concept of health in DS. RESULTS Feedback from participants resulted in iterative refinement of our model, retaining the three dimensions of health, and modifying constructs within those dimensions. Experts and parents agreed that individuals with DS have unique health concerns that necessitate the creation and validation of a syndrome-specific health model. We present key themes that we identified and a final conceptual model of health for individuals with DS. CONCLUSION Health in DS is a multi-dimensional, multi-construct model focused on relevant constructs of causal and effect indicators. This conceptual model can be used in future research to develop a syndrome-specific measure of health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Santoro
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Cabrera
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Co
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
| | | | - Kelsey Haugen
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kavita Krell
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian G. Skotko
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan P. Winickoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Karen Donelan
- Health Policy Research Center, The Mongan Institute, Survey Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute of Healthcare Systems, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
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11
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Santoro JD, Filipink RA, Baumer NT, Bulova PD, Handen BL. Down syndrome regression disorder: updates and therapeutic advances. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023; 36:96-103. [PMID: 36705008 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Down syndrome regression disorder (DSRD) is a symptom cluster consisting of neuropsychiatric regression without cause. Although knowledge of this condition has accelerated over the last decade, prior studies have been limited by heterogenous nomenclature, diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions. This review highlights recent advances in the diagnosis and clinical approach to DSRD and reviews the most up-to-date literature on therapeutic interventions for this condition. RECENT FINDINGS Several multicentre studies have reported exciting findings on the presence of neurodiagnostic study abnormalities and responses to a variety of therapeutics, including psychotropics (including benzodiazepines), electroconvulsive therapy and immunotherapy. Differential response rates have been observed in the presence and absence of a variety of clinical and diagnostic factors. SUMMARY Individuals with DSRD are responsive to a variety of psychiatric pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy underscoring this phenotype may have multiple causes. Multidisciplinary care is helpful in the evaluation and management of individuals with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Santoro
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robyn A Filipink
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- Division of Child Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole T Baumer
- Department of Neurology
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Benjamin L Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Santoro SL, Cabrera M, Haugen K, Krell K, Merker VL. Indicators of health in Down syndrome: A virtual focus group study with patients and their parents. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023; 36:354-365. [PMID: 36624557 PMCID: PMC9911361 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome has a unique medical and psychological profile. To date, few studies have asked individuals with Down syndrome about their views of health. METHODS Eight focus groups of 20 parents and 8 individuals with Down syndrome, were conducted virtually via videoconferencing to obtain participants' views of health indicators. Focus group moderators employed some modifications for individuals with Down syndrome, including simplified language and use of graphics. Transcripts were coded using a hybrid inductive/deductive framework and thematically analysed using the Framework Method. RESULTS We describe lessons learned in conducting virtual focus groups of individuals with Down syndrome and their parents. Individuals with Down syndrome could describe their views of health indicators and identified many of the same topics as their parents. Both groups discussed physical, mental, and social health components. However, people with Down syndrome gave a more restricted range of examples, but with different nuances than parents. CONCLUSION Partcipants discussed physical, social, and mental well-being components of health in Down syndrome. Interviewing individuals with Down syndrome in virtual focus groups with appropriate modifications added important self-report health information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Santoro
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Cabrera
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelsey Haugen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kavita Krell
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa L. Merker
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Levin J, Hasan A, Alejandre IA, Lorenzi I, Mall V, Rohrer TR. Diseases affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals with trisomy 21. DEUTSCHES ÄRZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Raffaele G, Blout Zawatsky CL, Cottrell C, Santoro SL. Assessing co-occurring mental health conditions in a multidisciplinary Down syndrome clinic and the role of family history. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:3162-3171. [PMID: 36150133 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the general population, individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at a significantly increased risk to develop mental health conditions. This study sought to examine individuals with DS and co-existing mental health comorbidities at one DS specialty clinic. Retrospective chart review of medical records including demographics, genetic testing history, personal and familial mental health history, referrals for mental health indications, and recommendations was performed. Summary statistics, logistic regression, and log of odds were converted to odd ratios to assess associations and significance. The charts of 327 patients, average 19.4 years of age (1-70), were reviewed. Nearly half the participants (42.2%) had at least one diagnosis of a mental health condition. Those with a family history were significantly more likely to have a personal diagnosis of a mental health condition than those without a family history (p < 0.01). Moreover, those who completed referrals often received medical management recommendations (86%). This study highlights the prevalence of mental health comorbidities among individuals with DS, and the referral process for mental health conditions, at one DS specialty clinic. Further research is needed to investigate our family history findings, and to determine if these results are generalizable across other DS clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carrie L Blout Zawatsky
- Institute of Health Professions, MGH, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Genomes2People, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Ariadne Labs, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clorinda Cottrell
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie L Santoro
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Ursumando L, Fucà E, Costanzo F, Vicari S. Delusion of Pregnancy in Down Syndrome: Two Case Reports. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13339. [PMID: 36293918 PMCID: PMC9602499 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are more vulnerable to psychotic disorder and schizophrenia than the general population. However, psychotic symptoms have not been widely described in this population. Here, we deeply investigated the cases of two young women with ID and Down syndrome (DS) who developed a delusion of pregnancy, a rare condition defined as a fixed belief of being pregnant despite factual evidence to the contrary. The assessment included psychopathological and neuropsychological examination, as well as the evaluation of cognitive and adaptive functioning. In these cases, delusion manifested as a psychotic symptom of a cyclothymic disorder (case 1) or as an independent delusional disorder (case 2). However, some similarities emerged: both women exhibited good pre-morbid adaptive functioning and family history of psychiatric disorders; moreover, in both cases delusion emerged in association with an external trigger. Difficulties in verbally expressing one's thoughts and beliefs were found, as well as poor abstract reasoning skills that may have affected the ability to deeply conceptualize the delusional idea itself. These findings may provide crucial insights into the clinical manifestation of psychosis in individuals with DS and underscore the importance of a routine psychological and neuropsychological follow-up to provide prompt and adequate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Ursumando
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Fucà
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Costanzo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
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16
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Fatty Acids: A Safe Tool for Improving Neurodevelopmental Alterations in Down Syndrome? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142880. [PMID: 35889838 PMCID: PMC9323400 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The triplication of chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome (DS), a genetic disorder that is characterized by intellectual disability (ID). The causes of ID start in utero, leading to impairments in neurogenesis, and continue into infancy, leading to impairments in dendritogenesis, spinogenesis, and connectivity. These defects are associated with alterations in mitochondrial and metabolic functions and precocious aging, leading to the early development of Alzheimer’s disease. Intense efforts are currently underway, taking advantage of DS mouse models to discover pharmacotherapies for the neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits of DS. Many treatments that proved effective in mouse models may raise safety concerns over human use, especially at early life stages. Accumulating evidence shows that fatty acids, which are nutrients present in normal diets, exert numerous positive effects on the brain. Here, we review (i) the knowledge obtained from animal models regarding the effects of fatty acids on the brain, by focusing on alterations that are particularly prominent in DS, and (ii) the progress recently made in a DS mouse model, suggesting that fatty acids may indeed represent a useful treatment for DS. This scenario should prompt the scientific community to further explore the potential benefit of fatty acids for people with DS.
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17
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Cabrera MJ, Haugen K, Krell K, Torres A, Santoro SL. Pre-visit Concerns: What caregivers hope to address at a specialty clinic for Down syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104550. [PMID: 35750159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with Down syndrome have an increased prevalence of various medical conditions across the lifespan; multidisciplinary Down syndrome specialty clinics can address these needs. However, the caregiver-perceived purpose of bringing their loved one to a Down syndrome specialty clinic has not been investigated. METHODS Retrospective review of electronic intake forms, completed prior to visits at MGH's Down Syndrome Program, was completed. Caregiver concerns were coded and analyzed by visit type (new patient vs follow-up), age, gender, and race. RESULTS Information from 722 unique patients (53.6% male) across 1,526 visits from 2014 to 2021 were reviewed resulting in 3,762 concerns. Caregivers of children with Down syndrome ages 0-4, and 13-39 reported a top concern of health maintenance which includes establishing patient care and preventative measures. Behavior was the top concern for caregivers of children with Down syndrome ages 5-12. For adults with Down syndrome, ages 40 years or older, neurologic considerations, including regression and dementia, was the top caregiver concern. Across the entire sample, the top three concerns did not vary by gender. CONCLUSION The top concerns of caregivers of individuals with Down syndrome fluctuate across the lifespan. Growing multidisciplinary specialty clinics for Down syndrome may use these findings to ensure that caregivers' concerns are addressed and improve patient experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Cabrera
- Northeastern University, USA; Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kelsey Haugen
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kavita Krell
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Torres
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Santoro
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, USA.
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18
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Santoro JD, Partridge R, Tanna R, Pagarkar D, Khoshnood M, Rehmani M, Kammeyer RM, Gombolay GY, Fisher K, Conravey A, El-Dahr J, Christy AL, Patel L, Manning MA, Van Mater H, Rafii MS, Quinn EA. Evidence of neuroinflammation and immunotherapy responsiveness in individuals with down syndrome regression disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2022; 14:35. [PMID: 35659536 PMCID: PMC9164321 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-022-09446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Down syndrome regression disorder is a symptom cluster consisting of neuropsychiatric regression without cause. This study evaluated the incidence of neurodiagnostic abnormalities in individuals with Down syndrome regression disorder and determined if abnormalities are indicative of responses to therapeutic intervention. Methods A retrospective, multi-center, case-control study was performed. Patients were required to have subacute onset and the presence of four of five symptom groups present (cognitive decline, expressive language, sleep derangement, loss of ability to perform activities of daily living, and/or a new movement disorder) and no other explanation for symptoms. Results Individuals with Down syndrome regression disorder were comparable to a cohort of individuals with only Down syndrome although had higher rates of autoimmune disease (p = 0.02, 95%CI 1.04–1.75). Neurodiagnostic abnormalities were found on EEG (n = 19, 26%), neuroimaging (n = 16, 22%), and CSF (n = 9, 17%). Pleocytosis was appreciated in five cases, elevated total protein in nine, elevated IgG index in seven, and oligoclonal bands in two. Testing within 2 years of symptom onset was more likely to have neurodiagnostic abnormalities (p = 0.01, 95%CI 1.64–37.06). In individuals with neurodiagnostic abnormalities, immunotherapy was nearly four times more likely to have a therapeutic effect than in those without neurodiagnostic abnormalities (OR 4.11, 95%CI 1.88–9.02). In those with normal neurodiagnostic studies (n = 43), IVIg was effective in 14 of 17 (82%) patients as well although other immunotherapies were uniformly ineffective. Conclusions This study reports the novel presence of neurodiagnostic testing abnormalities in individuals with Down syndrome regression disorder, providing credence to this symptom cluster potentially being of neurologic and/or neuroimmunologic etiology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11689-022-09446-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Santoro
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Runi Tanna
- Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dania Pagarkar
- Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mellad Khoshnood
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Mustafa Rehmani
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan M Kammeyer
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Grace Y Gombolay
- Department of Neurology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristen Fisher
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Jane El-Dahr
- Section of Pediatric Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Lina Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melanie A Manning
- Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Heather Van Mater
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael S Rafii
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute (ATRI), Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eileen A Quinn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
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19
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Bull MJ, Trotter T, Santoro SL, Christensen C, Grout RW, Burke LW, Berry SA, Geleske TA, Holm I, Hopkin RJ, Introne WJ, Lyons MJ, Monteil DC, Scheuerle A, Stoler JM, Vergano SA, Chen E, Hamid R, Downs SM, Grout RW, Cunniff C, Parisi MA, Ralston SJ, Scott JA, Shapira SK, Spire P. Health Supervision for Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome. Pediatrics 2022; 149:e2022057010. [PMID: 35490285 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-057010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Bull
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tracy Trotter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Celanie Christensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Randall W Grout
- Division of Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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20
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Bartesaghi R, Vicari S, Mobley WC. Prenatal and Postnatal Pharmacotherapy in Down Syndrome: The Search to Prevent or Ameliorate Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:211-233. [PMID: 34990205 PMCID: PMC9632639 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-041521-103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Those with Down syndrome (DS)-trisomy for chromosome 21-are routinely impacted by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral challenges in children and adults and Alzheimer's disease in older adults. No proven treatments specifically address these cognitive or behavioral changes. However, advances in the establishment of rodent models and human cell models promise to support development of such treatments. A research agenda that emphasizes the identification of overexpressed genes that contribute demonstrably to abnormalities in cognition and behavior in model systems constitutes a rational next step. Normalizing expression of such genes may usher in an era of successful treatments applicable across the life span for those with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy,Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - William C. Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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21
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Howe YJ, Thom RP, Notson EE, McDougle CJ, Palumbo ML. Buspirone for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Down Syndrome: 3 Cases. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:38-43. [PMID: 33965971 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reports on the pharmacologic treatment of anxiety, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are lacking. METHODS We present the case histories of 1 adolescent and 2 young adults with DS and the treatment course of comorbid GAD with buspirone. RESULTS Treatment with buspirone was safe and well-tolerated and resulted in sustained improvement in symptoms of anxiety for a minimum of 2 years in all 3 cases. CONCLUSION Buspirone's generally benign adverse effect profile makes it well suited for treating anxiety in individuals with DS in light of their common medical comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini J Howe
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robyn P Thom
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erin E Notson
- Oak Creek Franklin Joint School District, Oak Creek, WI
| | - Christopher J McDougle
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle L Palumbo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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22
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Thom RP, Palumbo ML, Thompson C, McDougle CJ, Ravichandran CT. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for the Treatment of Depression in Adults with Down Syndrome: A Preliminary Retrospective Chart Review Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091216. [PMID: 34573236 PMCID: PMC8469816 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression is a common psychiatric comorbidity in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), particularly adults, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of at least 10%. The current literature on the treatment of depression in adults with DS is limited to case series published more than two decades ago, prior to the widespread use of modern antidepressant medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The purpose of this retrospective chart review study was to examine the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of SSRIs for depression in adults with DS. Methods: Medical records of 11 adults with DS and depression were reviewed. Assignment of scores for severity (S) of symptoms of depression and improvement (I) of symptoms with treatment with an SSRI was made retrospectively using the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population, SSRI name, dose, and duration of treatment; and adverse effects were also recorded. Results: All 11 patients (7 male, 4 female; mean age = 27.2 years, range 18–46 years) completed a 12-week treatment course with an SSRI. The median duration of time after initiation of the SSRI covered by record review was 2.1 years, with a range of 24 weeks to 6.7 years. Nine of the 11 patients (82%; 95% CI 52%, 95%) were judged responders to SSRIs based on a rating of “much improved” or “very much improved” on the CGI-I after 12 weeks of treatment (median time of follow-up was 14.4 weeks, with a range of 12.0–33.0 weeks). Adverse effects occurred in four patients (36%). The most common adverse effects were daytime sedation and anger. Conclusions: In this preliminary retrospective study, the majority of patients responded to a 12-week course of SSRI treatment and some tolerated long-term use. Controlled studies are needed to further assess the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of SSRIs for the treatment of depression in adults with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn P. Thom
- Lurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA 02421, USA; (R.P.T.); (M.L.P.); (C.T.); (C.T.R.)
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle L. Palumbo
- Lurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA 02421, USA; (R.P.T.); (M.L.P.); (C.T.); (C.T.R.)
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claire Thompson
- Lurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA 02421, USA; (R.P.T.); (M.L.P.); (C.T.); (C.T.R.)
| | - Christopher J. McDougle
- Lurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA 02421, USA; (R.P.T.); (M.L.P.); (C.T.); (C.T.R.)
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-781-860-1700 or +1-781-860-1766
| | - Caitlin T. Ravichandran
- Lurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA 02421, USA; (R.P.T.); (M.L.P.); (C.T.); (C.T.R.)
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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23
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Roche M, Mircher C, Toulas J, Prioux E, Conte M, Ravel A, Falquero S, Labidi A, Stora S, Durand S, Mégarbané A, Cieuta-Walti C. Efficacy and safety of methylphenidate on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with Down syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:795-800. [PMID: 33880800 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common co-morbidity that affects up to 44% of children with Down syndrome (DS). There is a need for reliable, good quality research on the use of methylphenidate within this population. The objective of this study is to report our experience regarding the management of ADHD in these children using methylphenidate. METHODS This study is a retrospective observation of 21 children with DS, followed at Jérôme Lejeune Institute between 2000 and 2018. The diagnosis of ADHD was made using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Efficacy was measured as response or non-response on two main symptoms: attention/concentration and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Safety was evaluated by the presence or absence of side effects. RESULTS Sixteen out of the 21 children (76%) showed improvement with methylphenidate. The average age of treatment onset in responding children was 8 years and 10 months versus 6 years and 3 months in non-responders (P = 0.05). Average dose/weight was significantly different in responders and non-responders (0.82 vs. 0.54 mg/kg/day, respectively; P = 0.03). Twelve children out of 21 (57%) experienced side effects; only three experienced side effects severe enough to require treatment interruption. Most common side effects were loss of appetite and difficulties in falling asleep. CONCLUSION Methylphenidate was effective and safe in treating ADHD in 76% of cases in children with DS, with few serious side effects to report. Early diagnosis of ADHD is important to improve the quality of life, learning, inclusion and socialisation of children with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roche
- CRB BioJeL, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - C Mircher
- CRB BioJeL, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - J Toulas
- CRB BioJeL, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - E Prioux
- CRB BioJeL, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - M Conte
- CRB BioJeL, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - A Ravel
- CRB BioJeL, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - S Falquero
- CRB BioJeL, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - A Labidi
- CRB BioJeL, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - S Stora
- CRB BioJeL, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - S Durand
- CRB BioJeL, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - A Mégarbané
- CRB BioJeL, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - C Cieuta-Walti
- CRB BioJeL, Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Sherbrooke Medical University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Chicoine B, Rivelli A, Fitzpatrick V, Chicoine L, Jia G, Rzhetsky A. Prevalence of Common Disease Conditions in a Large Cohort of Individuals With Down Syndrome in the United States. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2021; 8:86-97. [PMID: 33898640 DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Given the current life expectancy and number of individuals living with Down syndrome (DS), it is important to learn common occurrences of disease conditions across the developmental lifespan. This study analyzed data from a large cohort of individuals with DS in an effort to better understand these disease conditions, inform future screening practices, tailor medical care guidelines, and improve utilization of health care resources. Methods This retrospective, descriptive study incorporated up to 28 years of data, compiled from 6078 individuals with DS and 30,326 controls matched on age and sex. Data were abstracted from electronic medical records within a large Midwestern health system. Results In general, individuals with DS experienced higher prevalence of testicular cancer, leukemias, moyamoya disease, mental health conditions, bronchitis and pneumonia, gastrointestinal conditions, thyroid disorder, neurological conditions, atlantoaxial subluxation, osteoporosis, dysphagia, diseases of the eyes/adnexa and of the ears/mastoid process, and sleep apnea, relative to matched controls. Individuals with DS experienced lower prevalence of solid tumors, heart disease conditions, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV, influenza, sinusitis, urinary tract infections, and diabetes. Similar rates of prevalence were seen for lymphomas, skin melanomas, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, hepatitis, cellulitis, and osteoarthritis. Conclusions While it is challenging to draw a widespread conclusion about comorbidities in individuals with Down syndrome, it is safe to conclude that care for individuals with DS should not automatically mirror screening, prevention, or treatment guidelines for the general U.S. population. Rather, care for those with DS should reflect the unique needs and common comorbidities of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Chicoine
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL.,Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL
| | - Anne Rivelli
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL.,Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Downers Grove, IL
| | - Veronica Fitzpatrick
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL.,Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Downers Grove, IL
| | - Laura Chicoine
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL.,Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL
| | - Gengjie Jia
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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25
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Moreau M, Benhaddou S, Dard R, Tolu S, Hamzé R, Vialard F, Movassat J, Janel N. Metabolic Diseases and Down Syndrome: How Are They Linked Together? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020221. [PMID: 33671490 PMCID: PMC7926648 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21, associated with intellectual disabilities. Down syndrome is associated with anomalies of both the nervous and endocrine systems. Over the past decades, dramatic advances in Down syndrome research and treatment have helped to extend the life expectancy of these patients. Improved life expectancy is obviously a positive outcome, but it is accompanied with the need to address previously overlooked complications and comorbidities of Down syndrome, including obesity and diabetes, in order to improve the quality of life of Down syndrome patients. In this focused review, we describe the associations between Down syndrome and comorbidities, obesity and diabetes, and we discuss the understanding of proposed mechanisms for the association of Down syndrome with metabolic disorders. Drawing molecular mechanisms through which Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes could be linked to Down syndrome could allow identification of novel drug targets and provide therapeutic solutions to limit the development of metabolic and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Moreau
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Stress et Vieillissemen, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Soukaina Benhaddou
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Stress et Vieillissemen, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Rodolphe Dard
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Stress et Vieillissemen, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.D.)
- Genetics Deptartment, CHI Poissy St Germain-en-Laye, F-78300 Poissy, France;
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stefania Tolu
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.T.); (R.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Rim Hamzé
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.T.); (R.H.); (J.M.)
| | - François Vialard
- Genetics Deptartment, CHI Poissy St Germain-en-Laye, F-78300 Poissy, France;
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.T.); (R.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Stress et Vieillissemen, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-57-27-83-60; Fax: +33-1-57-27-83-54
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26
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Santoro JD, Pagarkar D, Chu DT, Rosso M, Paulsen KC, Levitt P, Rafii MS. Neurologic complications of Down syndrome: a systematic review. J Neurol 2020; 268:4495-4509. [PMID: 32920658 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most well-recognized genetic disorders. Persons with DS are known to have a variety of co-morbid medical problems, affecting nearly all organ systems. Improved healthcare interventions and research have allowed for increased life span of persons with DS, although disorders of the neurologic system remain underexplored. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide clinically pertinent information on the neurological phenotypes of frequently occurring or clinically relevant conditions. A retrospective review of MEDLINE, Scopus, and Pubmed were used to identify sources among seventeen, clinically relevant, search categories. MeSH terms all contained the phrase "Down Syndrome" in conjunction with the topic of interest. 'Frequently-occurring' was defined as prevalent in more than 10% of persons with DS across their lifespan, whereas 'clinically-relevant' was defined as a disease condition where early diagnosis or intervention can augment the disease course. In total, 4896 sources were identified with 159 sources meeting criteria for inclusion. Seventeen clinical conditions were grouped under the following subjects: hypotonia, intellectual and learning disability, cervical instability, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and neuropsychiatric disease. The results of this review provide a blueprint for the clinical neurologist taking care of persons with DS across the age spectrum and indicate that there are many underrecognized and misdiagnosed co-occurring conditions in DS, highlighting the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Santoro
- Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Dania Pagarkar
- Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Duong T Chu
- Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mattia Rosso
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kelli C Paulsen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Developmental Neurogenetics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Rafii
- Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute (ATRI), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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Rueda Revilla N, Martínez-Cué C. Antioxidants in Down Syndrome: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080692. [PMID: 32756318 PMCID: PMC7464577 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no effective pharmacological therapy to improve the cognitive dysfunction of individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Due to the overexpression of several chromosome 21 genes, cellular and systemic oxidative stress (OS) is one of the most important neuropathological processes that contributes to the cognitive deficits and multiple neuronal alterations in DS. In this condition, OS is an early event that negatively affects brain development, which is also aggravated in later life stages, contributing to neurodegeneration, accelerated aging, and the development of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Thus, therapeutic interventions that reduce OS have been proposed as a promising strategy to avoid neurodegeneration and to improve cognition in DS patients. Several antioxidant molecules have been proven to be effective in preclinical studies; however, clinical trials have failed to show evidence of the efficacy of different antioxidants to improve cognitive deficits in individuals with DS. In this review we summarize preclinical studies of cell cultures and mouse models, as well as clinical studies in which the effect of therapies which reduce oxidative stress and mitochondrial alterations on the cognitive dysfunction associated with DS have been assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Bull
- From the Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis
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