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Lin YM, Wang XY, Liu XY, Hua FF, Chen XF, Bai J, Fu YL. Near-infrared fluorescent probe to track Cys in plant roots under heavy metal hazards and its application in cells and zebrafish. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124601. [PMID: 38852307 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals, including Hg2+, Cr6+ and Cd2+, have always been a major issue in environmental pollution, leading to abnormal changes in the levels of biologically active molecules including Cys in plants, seriously affecting all aspects of the growth and development of plants. This makes it essential to develop a simple and practical method to study the potential impact of heavy metals on plants. In this paper, our research group has developed near-infrared fluorescent probe WRM-S, which has the advantages of fast response, sensitivity to Cys, and successfully applying it to cells and zebrafish. Moreover, it combined the close relationship between heavy metal stress on plants and Cys, using Cys as the detection target, monitoring the internal environment changes of two plants under Hg2+, Cr6+, and Cd2+ stress in the environment, and then conducting 3D imaging. The results indicated that the probe has strong penetration ability in plant tissues, and revealed abnormal changes in plant Cys levels caused by heavy metal stress-induced cellular oxidative stress or cytotoxicity. Thus, the in-situ imaging detection of this probe provides a direction for the physiological dynamics research of plant environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Xin-Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Fan-Feng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Anhui Biochem United Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taihe, 236699, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Anhui Biochem United Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taihe, 236699, China
| | - Ying-Long Fu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Anhui Biochem United Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taihe, 236699, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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Smith KE, Zhou M, Flis P, Jones DH, Bishopp A, Yant L. The evolution of the duckweed ionome mirrors losses in structural complexity. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:997-1006. [PMID: 38307008 PMCID: PMC11089258 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The duckweeds (Lemnaceae) consist of 36 species exhibiting impressive phenotypic variation, including the progressive evolutionary loss of a fundamental plant organ, the root. Loss of roots and reduction of vascular tissues in recently derived taxa occur in concert with genome expansions of ≤14-fold. Given the paired loss of roots and reduction in structural complexity in derived taxa, we focus on the evolution of the ionome (whole-plant elemental contents) in the context of these fundamental changes in body plan. We expect that progressive vestigiality and eventual loss of roots might have both adaptive and maladaptive consequences that are hitherto unknown. METHODS We quantified the ionomes of 34 accessions in 21 species across all duckweed genera, spanning 70 Myr in this rapidly cycling plant (doubling times are as rapid as ~24 h). We related both micro- and macroevolutionary ionome contrasts to body plan remodelling and showed nimble microevolutionary shifts in elemental accumulation and exclusion in novel accessions. KEY RESULTS We observed a robust directional trend in calcium and magnesium levels, decreasing from the ancestral representative Spirodela genus towards the derived rootless Wolffia, with the latter also accumulating cadmium. We also identified abundant within-species variation and hyperaccumulators of specific elements, with this extensive variation at the fine (as opposed to broad) scale. CONCLUSIONS These data underscore the impact of root loss and reveal the very fine scale of microevolutionary variation in hyperaccumulation and exclusion of a wide range of elements. Broadly, they might point to trade-offs not well recognized in ionomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie E Smith
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Paulina Flis
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dylan H Jones
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Levi Yant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kurnia KA, Lin YT, Farhan A, Malhotra N, Luong CT, Hung CH, Roldan MJM, Tsao CC, Cheng TS, Hsiao CD. Deep Learning-Based Automatic Duckweed Counting Using StarDist and Its Application on Measuring Growth Inhibition Potential of Rare Earth Elements as Contaminants of Emerging Concerns. TOXICS 2023; 11:680. [PMID: 37624185 PMCID: PMC10457735 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been efforts to utilize surface water as a power source, material, and food. However, these efforts are impeded due to the vast amounts of contaminants and emerging contaminants introduced by anthropogenic activities. Herbicides such as Glyphosate and Glufosinate are commonly known to contaminate surface water through agricultural industries. In contrast, some emerging contaminants, such as rare earth elements, have started to enter the surface water from the production and waste of electronic products. Duckweeds are angiosperms from the Lemnaceae family and have been used for toxicity tests in aquatic environments, mainly those from the genus Lemna, and have been approved by OECD. In this study, we used duckweed from the genus Wolffia, which is smaller and considered a good indicator of metal pollutants in the aquatic environment. The growth rate of duckweed is the most common endpoint in observing pollutant toxicity. In order to observe and mark the fronds automatically, we used StarDist, a machine learning-based tool. StarDist is available as a plugin in ImageJ, simplifying and assisting the counting process. Python also helps arrange, manage, and calculate the inhibition percentage after duckweeds are exposed to contaminants. The toxicity test results showed Dysprosium to be the most toxic, with an IC50 value of 14.6 ppm, and Samarium as the least toxic, with an IC50 value of 279.4 ppm. In summary, we can provide a workflow for automatic frond counting using StarDist integrated with ImageJ and Python to simplify the detection, counting, data management, and calculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Adi Kurnia
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (K.A.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Ting Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan;
- Drug Development & Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ali Farhan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (K.A.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan;
| | - Nemi Malhotra
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan;
| | - Cao Thang Luong
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan; (C.T.L.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan; (C.T.L.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Marri Jmelou M. Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Che-Chia Tsao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (K.A.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
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Sooksawat N, Inthorn D, Chittawanij A, Vangnai A, Kongtip P, Woskie S. Phytoextraction Potential of Sunn Hemp, Sunflower, and Marigold for Carbaryl Contamination: Hydroponic Experiment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16482. [PMID: 36554374 PMCID: PMC9779587 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The phytoextraction ability and responses of sunn hemp, sunflower, and marigold plants were investigated toward carbaryl insecticide at 10 mg L-1 and its degradative product (1-naphthol). All test plants exhibited significant carbaryl removal capability (65-93%) with different mechanisms. Marigold had the highest translocation factor, with carbaryl taken up, translocated and accumulated in the shoots, where it was biotransformed into 1-naphthol. Consequently, marigold had the least observable toxicity symptoms caused by carbaryl and the highest bioconcentration factor (1848), indicating its hyperaccumulating capability. Sunflower responded to carbaryl exposure differently, with the highest carbaryl accumulation (8.7 mg kg-1) in roots within 4 days of cultivation, leading to a partial toxicity effect. Sunn hemp exhibited severe toxicity, having the highest carbaryl accumulation (91.7 mg kg-1) that was biotransformed to 1-naphthol in the sunn hemp shoots. In addition, the different models were discussed on plant hormone formation in response to carbaryl exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najjapak Sooksawat
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi 20110, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi 20110, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Inthorn
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicity (EHT), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Apisit Chittawanij
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi 20110, Thailand
| | - Alisa Vangnai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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Polińska W, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A, Karpińska J, Struk-Sokołowska J, Kotowska U. Mechanisms, toxicity and optimal conditions - research on the removal of benzotriazoles from water using Wolffia arrhiza. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157571. [PMID: 35882328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the presented work, phytoremediation with the use of floating plant Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm. was proposed as a method of removing the selected benzotriazoles (BTRs): 1H-benzotriazole (1H-BTR), 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (4M-BTR), 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5M-BTR) and 5-chlorobenzotriazole (5Cl-BTR) from water. The efficiency of phytoremediation depends on three factors: daily time of exposure to light, pH of the model solution, and the amount of plans. Using a design of experiment (DoE) methods the following optimal values were selected: plant amount 1.8 g, light exposure 13 h and pH 7 per 100 mL of the model solution. It was found that the loss of BTRs in optimal conditions ranged from 92 to 100 % except for 4M-BTR, for which only 23 % of removal was achieved after 14 days of cultivation of W. arrhiza. The half-life values for studied compounds ranged from 0.98 days for 5Cl-BTR to 36.19 for 4M-BTR. The observed rapid vanishing of 5M-BTR is supposed by the simultaneous transformation of 5M-BTR into 4M-BTR. The detailed study of BTRs degradation pointed that the plant uptake is mainly responsible for the benzotriazoles concentration decrease. Toxicity tests showed that the tested organic compounds induce oxidative stress in W. arrhiza, which manifested among others, in reduced levels of chlorophyll in cultures with benzotriazoles compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Polińska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K Str., 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Karpińska
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K Str., 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Struk-Sokołowska
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Urszula Kotowska
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K Str., 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
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Mukherjee S, Chatterjee N, Sircar A, Maikap S, Singh A, Acharyya S, Paul S. A Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metal Effects on Medicinal Plants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2483-2518. [PMID: 35488955 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Popularity of herbal drugs has always been in high demand, but recently it has been increasing all over the world, especially in India, because of the lower range of adverse health effects as compared to synthetic or man-made drugs. Not only this but their cost-effectiveness and easy availability to the poor people and the masses, particularly in developing countries, are major causes for their demand. But there lies a huge problem during the process of plant collection that affects their medicinal properties to certain degrees. This is caused by heavy metal toxicity in soil in different locations of the Indian subcontinent. This was correlated with their potential to cause health damage. Exposure of humans to heavy metals includes diverse pathways from food to water to consumption and inhalation of polluted air to permanent damage to exposed skin and even by occupational exposure at workplaces. As we can understand, the main mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity include the production of free radicals to affect the host by oxidative stress, damaging biological molecules such as enzymes, proteins, lipids, and even nucleic acids and finally damaging DNA which is the fastest way to carcinogenesis and in addition, neurotoxicity. Therefore, in this paper, we have researched how the plants/herbs are affected due to heavy metal deposition in their habitat and how it can lead to serious clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Nivedita Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Asmeeta Sircar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Shimantika Maikap
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhilasha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudeshna Acharyya
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Sonali Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India.
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Prieto Maradona M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Schlatter JR, van Loveren H, Kouloura E, Steinkellner H, Knutsen HK. Safety of water lentil powder from Lemnaceae as a Novel Food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06845. [PMID: 34815779 PMCID: PMC8591451 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of water lentil powder as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. Water lentils refer to aquatic plants belonging to the Araceae family and represented by five genera (Lemna, Wolffia, Wolffiella, Landoltia and Spirodela). The NF is thermally washed and dried water lentils, which are produced as a polyculture crop consisting of species from the Lemna genus (70-100%) and the Wolffia genus (0-30%). The main constituents of the NF are protein, fibre and fat. The Panel notes that the concentration of trace elements and contaminants in the NF is highly dependent on the conditions of cultivation of the plant and the fertiliser composition. The NF is expected to be stable and to comply with the specifications during the suggested shelf life. The NF is intended for human consumption as a food ingredient in herbs, spices and seasonings, sauces, soups and broths, protein products, dietary food for weight control and as a food supplement. The target population is the general population, except for food supplements which are exclusively intended for consumption by adults. The Panel considers that based on the composition of the NF and the proposed intended uses, the NF is not nutritionally disadvantageous, except for the concerns regarding intake of manganese from the NF. No adverse effect was observed in the submitted 90-day subchronic study, at the highest dose, 1,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day of NF. The Panel considers that, based on the protein concentration, the consumption of the NF may trigger allergic reactions. The Panel concluded that an increase in manganese intake from the NF used as food ingredient or food supplements is of safety concern and the safety of the NF cannot be established.
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Yang J, Zhao X, Li G, Hu S, Hou H. Frond architecture of the rootless duckweed Wolffia globosa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:387. [PMID: 34416853 PMCID: PMC8377843 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant body in duckweed species has undergone reduction and simplification from the ancient Spirodela species towards more derived Wolffia species. Among the five duckweed genera, Wolffia members are rootless and represent the smallest and most reduced species. A better understanding of Wolffia frond architecture is necessary to fully explore duckweed evolution. RESULTS We conducted a comprehensive study of the morphology and anatomy of Wolffia globosa, the only Wolffia species in China. We first used X-ray microtomography imaging to reveal the three-dimensional and internal structure of the W. globosa frond. This showed that new fronds rapidly budded from the hollow reproductive pocket of the mother fronds and that several generations at various developmental stages could coexist in a single W. globosa frond. Using light microscopy, we observed that the meristem area of the W. globosa frond was located at the base of the reproductive pocket and composed of undifferentiated cells that continued to produce new buds. A single epidermal layer surrounded the W. globosa frond, and the mesophyll cells varied from small and dense palisade-like parenchyma cells to large, vacuolated cells from the ventral to the dorsal part. Furthermore, W. globosa fronds contained all the same organelles as other angiosperms; the most prominent organelles were chloroplasts with abundant starch grains. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that the reproductive strategy of W. globosa plants enables the rapid accumulation of biomass and the wide distribution of this species in various habitats. The reduced body plan and size of Wolffia are consistent with our observation that relatively few cell types are present in these plants. We also propose that W. globosa plants are not only suitable for the study of structural reduction in higher plants, but also an ideal system to explore fundamental developmental processes of higher plants that cannot be addressed using other model plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xuyao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gaojie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Delgado-González CR, Madariaga-Navarrete A, Fernández-Cortés JM, Islas-Pelcastre M, Oza G, Iqbal HMN, Sharma A. Advances and Applications of Water Phytoremediation: A Potential Biotechnological Approach for the Treatment of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5215. [PMID: 34068925 PMCID: PMC8157233 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Potable and good-quality drinking water availability is a serious global concern, since several pollution sources significantly contribute to low water quality. Amongst these pollution sources, several are releasing an array of hazardous agents into various environmental and water matrices. Unfortunately, there are not very many ecologically friendly systems available to treat the contaminated environment exclusively. Consequently, heavy metal water contamination leads to many diseases in humans, such as cardiopulmonary diseases and cytotoxicity, among others. To solve this problem, there are a plethora of emerging technologies that play an important role in defining treatment strategies. Phytoremediation, the usage of plants to remove contaminants, is a technology that has been widely used to remediate pollution in soils, with particular reference to toxic elements. Thus, hydroponic systems coupled with bioremediation for the removal of water contaminants have shown great relevance. In this review, we addressed several studies that support the development of phytoremediation systems in water. We cover the importance of applied science and environmental engineering to generate sustainable strategies to improve water quality. In this context, the phytoremediation capabilities of different plant species and possible obstacles that phytoremediation systems may encounter are discussed with suitable examples by comparing different mechanistic processes. According to the presented data, there are a wide range of plant species with water phytoremediation potential that need to be studied from a multidisciplinary perspective to make water phytoremediation a viable method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Raziel Delgado-González
- Área Académica de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico; (C.R.D.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (M.I.-P.)
| | - Alfredo Madariaga-Navarrete
- Área Académica de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico; (C.R.D.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (M.I.-P.)
| | - José Miguel Fernández-Cortés
- Centre of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pablo 76130, Mexico;
| | - Margarita Islas-Pelcastre
- Área Académica de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico; (C.R.D.-G.); (A.M.-N.); (M.I.-P.)
| | - Goldie Oza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Parque Tecnológico, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Mexico;
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Centre of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pablo 76130, Mexico;
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10
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Rehman AU, Nazir S, Irshad R, Tahir K, ur Rehman K, Islam RU, Wahab Z. Toxicity of heavy metals in plants and animals and their uptake by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Mushtaq Z, Asghar HN, Zahir ZA. Comparative growth analysis of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in the presence of PGPR and press mud in chromium contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127865. [PMID: 32791369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is a toxic heavy metal. Plants, animals and human metabolic processes are disturbed due to higher levels of chromium. PGPR are involved in seed germination, growth improvement, metabolic process and in most of the physiological processes of plants. Press mud in soil provides substrate to the microbes. PGPR can convert the more toxic form of Cr (VI) into less toxic form Cr (III). This study was conducted to find out the reduction potential of pre-isolated rhizobacteria and their role in strengthening of plant growth and physiological attributes. Soil collected from the research area was spiked with 20 mg kg-1 of Cr (VI) by using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) salt before sowing. Results revealed that Cr (VI) significantly suppressed the shoot length, root length and photosynthetic rate of okra up to 19, 37 and 31%, respectively. However, inoculation decreases the uptake of Cr (VI) in root and shoot up to 37 and 31% and by press mud 33 and 20%, respectively. Combined application of inoculation and press mud significantly recovered the negative impact of chromium and plant growth was almost at par compared with contaminated treatment without inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Mushtaq
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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12
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Rybak M, Drzewiecka K, Woźniak M, Ratajczak I, Joniak T. Iron-induced behavioural and biochemical responses of charophytes in consequence of phosphates coagulant addition: Threats to lake ecosystems restoration. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126844. [PMID: 32957274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the impact of iron (Fe) on the physiological and behavioural reaction of Chara tomentosa L. Fe was introduced into the environment in the form of iron chloride, the most common coagulants used in the restoration of water bodies. The investigations concerned the oxidative stress comprising phenolic compounds content, antioxidant activity and photosynthetic pigments concentration. Research was conducted as a laboratory microcosm experiment with one-off application of Fe at the level of 26.8 mg dm-3. Coagulant application caused short-term acidification, increased salinity and deterioration of light conditions. The shading resulted initially from the increase of water colour and turbidity and was followed by covering of the charophytes with a precipitated suspension. C. tomentosa did not activate defensive mechanisms to prevent the shading effect such as intensive elongation and elevated concentration of chlorophylls. Neither oxidative stress nor production of stress-specific phenolic metabolites was found. It was a result of iron coagulant toxicity, which led to cell membrane damage and leakage of cell contents to the water environment. Charophyte growth was significantly impaired, and thalli suffered numerous chlorotic and necrotic spots which extended gradually during experiment and finally caused death of specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rybak
- Department of Water Protection, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kinga Drzewiecka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Ratajczak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Joniak
- Department of Water Protection, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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Ghori NH, Ghori T, Hayat MQ, Imadi SR, Gul A, Altay V, Ozturk M. Heavy metal stress and responses in plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 16:1807-1828. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-019-02215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Chaudhary E, Sharma P. Chromium and cadmium removal from wastewater using duckweed - Lemna gibba L. and ultrastructural deformation due to metal toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:279-286. [PMID: 30698020 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1522614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation potential of Lemna gibba was evaluated for chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) under laboratory conditions for variable metal load of 1 mg/l, 3 mg/l, 5mgl, 7 mg/l and 9 mg/l, respectively, for 7 and 15 days of treatment period. Effects of both metals on structural attributes of L. gibba were also analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) study. The metal removal percentage by L. gibba for Cr metal was found in the range of 37.3% to 98.6% and for cadmium it was found within the range of 81.6% to 94.6%. Bio concentration factor (BCF) of L .gibba was observed within the range of 37 to 295 for Cr metal and for Cd metal it ranged from 237 to 1144, which shows that the plant is a hyper accumulator for Cd metal and moderate accumulator for Cr metal. Statistical analysis (Two-way ANOVA) was performed on experimental results to confirm the individual effect of metal concentration and treatment period as well as cumulative effect of both factors together on percentage metal removal and on BCF. Research studies indicated that with the progress of treatment period metal removal percentage increases but increasing metal load during experiment negatively co-relates the metal removal percentage and BCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Chaudhary
- a Department of Environmental Sciences & Engg , Guru Jambheshwer University of Sciences & Technology , Hisar , Haryana , India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- a Department of Environmental Sciences & Engg , Guru Jambheshwer University of Sciences & Technology , Hisar , Haryana , India
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Zoufan P, Jalali R, Hassibi P, Neisi E, Rastegarzadeh S. Evaluation of antioxidant bioindicators and growth responses in Malva parviflora L. exposed to cadmium. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1005-1016. [PMID: 30425419 PMCID: PMC6214436 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of cadmium (Cd) uptake and concentration on some growth and biochemical responses were investigated in Malva parviflora under Cd treatments including 0, 10, 50 and 100 µM. The shoots and roots were able to accumulate Cd. However, increased Cd dose led to a considerable Cd content in the roots. Cd stress decreased growth, increased lipid peroxidation and also enhanced proline and ascorbic acid contents in both shoots and roots. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased in the plants with the increasing Cd concentration. While the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased in the shoots under different Cd doses, these activities decreased in the roots as compared to the control. Both shoots and roots demonstrated a significant increase in guaiacol peroxidase activity in response to Cd stress. Contrary to the aboveground parts, the roots subjected to Cd doses showed a rise in protein content. Despite higher Cd content in the roots, it seems that CAT and SOD do not play a key role in detoxification of Cd-induced oxidative stress. These findings confirm that reduced biomass and growth under Cd stress can be due to an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in photosynthetic pigment content. The present study clearly indicates that the shoots and roots exploit different tolerance behaviors to alleviate Cd-induced oxidative stress in M. parviflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parzhak Zoufan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roya Jalali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Payman Hassibi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Neisi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saadat Rastegarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Kundu D, Dey S, Raychaudhuri SS. Chromium (VI) - induced stress response in the plant Plantago ovata Forsk in vitro. Genes Environ 2018; 40:21. [PMID: 30349616 PMCID: PMC6192006 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-018-0109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plants experience severe physiological stress from heavy metal pollution caused by improper discarding of the industrial wastes. Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is one of the major heavy metal pollutants in India and is present particularly in some regions where Plantago ovata grows to a great extent. This study was aimed at finding the effects of Cr (VI) on P. ovata and manoeuvres of the plant to combat such heavy metal exposure in vitro. Methods Potassium dichromate was used as a source of Cr (VI) to induce the heavy metal stress. Range of Cr (VI) sublethal doses [0 mM (control), 0.1 mM, 0.3 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 1.5 mM and1.8 mM] was used to observe its effect on the plant. The seeds of the plant were grown on sucrose-agar media with different concentrations of potassium dichromate, and ten-day old seedlings were then harvested and examined. Results The germination rate reduced below 50% at 1.9 mM Cr (VI) concentration and thus, 0 mM–1.8 mM concentration ranges were found to be suitable for sublethal dose. Morphological changes namely, reduction of the shoot-root length and multiple root development were caused by Cr (VI) in a dose-dependent manner. The plant showed elevated responses against Cr (VI), up to 1.5 mM (10 days treated) in terms of increasing accumulation of secondary metabolites like polyphenols, chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll), carotenoids and total antioxidant activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity along with malondialdehyde (MDA) content was not significantly elevated with the increase in Cr (VI) concentration indicating that the lipid peroxidation rate within the tissue was low. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene expressions were upregulated by 1 mM Cr (VI) concentration, which decreased at higher concentrations. The atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis also showed significant accumulation of Cr (VI) in the shoot and root with an increase in the potassium dichromate concentration. Conclusion Cr (VI) reduced the shoot-root length and seed germination in a dose-dependent manner. The plant system tried to combat the Cr (VI) stress by upregulating the stress response genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway along with an increase in polyphenol and antioxidant contents, which were evident from the lowering of lipid peroxidation rate and increase in PAL and PPO gene expressions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41021-018-0109-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debangana Kundu
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology, and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009 India
| | - Sankalan Dey
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology, and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009 India
| | - Sarmistha Sen Raychaudhuri
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology, and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009 India
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Role of Phytoremediation in Reducing Cadmium Toxicity in Soil and Water. J Toxicol 2018; 2018:4864365. [PMID: 30425738 PMCID: PMC6218723 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4864365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are a noxious form of pollutants present in soil and water. A new plant-based solar energy driven technology, phytoremediation, emerges as eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to remove heavy metal from various media with the help of hyperaccumulating plant species. This review paper aims to provide information on phytoremediation and its mechanisms for heavy metal removal especially to focus on Cadmium (Cd) metal and highlights the role of various hyperaccumulating plants for Cd metal remediation in soil and water. It complies various field case studies which play the important role in understanding the Cd removal through various plants. Additionally, it pinpoints several sources and the effects of Cd and other technologies used for Cd remediation. This paper provides the recent development in mechanisms of Cd hyperaccumulation by different plants, in order to motivate further research in this field.
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Vanhoudt N, Vandenhove H, Leys N, Janssen P. Potential of higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria for remediation of radioactively contaminated waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:239-254. [PMID: 29803156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential of photosynthetic organisms to remediate radioactively contaminated water was evaluated for scenarios related to nuclear installations and included the following radionuclides: 137Cs, 134Cs, 136Cs, 90Sr, 131I, 239Pu, 241Am, 132Te/132I, 58Co, 60Co, 51Cr, 110mAg, 54Mn, 124Sb, 59Fe, 65Zn, 95Zr, and 95Nb. An extensive literature review was undertaken leading to the creation of a database including more than 20,000 entries from over 100 references in which terrestrial and aquatic plants, macro- and microalgae, cyanobacteria and biosorbents derived from these organisms were used to clean water from these specific radionuclides or their stable isotopes. In a first phase, the remediation potential of the organisms and biosorbents was evaluated for the individual elements based on parameters such as plant uptake, removal percentage, and bioconcentration factor, and for two radionuclide mixtures based on the ability of the organisms/biosorbents to work under mixture conditions. As the experimental and environmental conditions will influence the performance of the organisms and biosorbents, a literature-based evaluation of the most influencing or restricting parameters was made and water pH, competing ions, and the chemical modification of biosorbents showed to be of major importance. Finally, the most promising organisms and biosorbents were identified using a specifically developed selection procedure taking into account their performance and robustness. Ranking was done based on clear criteria with a distinct weight and scoring scheme. As such, 20 organisms/biosorbents were identified that showed high potential to clean waters contaminated with (mixtures of) radionuclides related to nuclear installations and which can be used for further experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vanhoudt
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Hildegarde Vandenhove
- Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Natalie Leys
- Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Paul Janssen
- Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
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Sinha V, Pakshirajan K, Chaturvedi R. Chromium tolerance, bioaccumulation and localization in plants: An overview. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:715-730. [PMID: 29156430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the current industrial scenario, chromium (Cr) as a metal is of great importance, but poses a major threat to the environment. Phytoremediation provides an environmentally sustainable, ecofriendly, cost effective approach for environmental cleanup of Cr. This review presents the current status of phytoremediation research with particular emphasis on cleanup of Cr contaminated soil and water systems. It gives a detailed account of the work done by different authors on the Cr bioavailability, uptake pathway, toxicity and storage in plants following the phytoextraction mechanism. This paper also describes recent findings related to Cr localization in hyperaccumulator plants. It gives an insight into the processes and mechanisms that allow plants to remove Cr from contaminated sites under varying conditions. These detailed knowledge of changes in plant metabolic pool in response to Cr stress would immensely help understand and improve the phytoextraction process. Further, this review provides a detailed understanding of Cr uptake and detoxification mechanism by plants that can be applied in developing a suitable approach for a better applicability of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Sinha
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kannan Pakshirajan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Rakhi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Guo L, Ding Y, Xu Y, Li Z, Jin Y, He K, Fang Y, Zhao H. Responses of Landoltia punctata to cobalt and nickel: Removal, growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant system and starch metabolism. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 190:87-93. [PMID: 28697459 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Landoltia punctata has been considered as a potential bioenergy crop due to its high biomass and starch yields in different cultivations. Cobalt and nickel are known to induce starch accumulation in duckweed. We monitored the growth rate, net photosynthesis rate, total chlorophyll content, Rubisco activity, Co2+ and Ni2+ contents, activity of antioxidant enzymes, starch content and activity of related enzymes under various concentrations of cobalt and nickel. The results indicate that Co2+ and Ni2+ (≤0.5mgL-1) can facilitate growth in the beginning. Although the growth rate, net photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content and Rubisco activity were significantly inhibited at higher concentrations (5mgL-1), the starch content increased sharply up to 53.3% dry weight (DW) in L. punctata. These results were attributed to the increase in adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and soluble starch synthase (SSS) activities and the decrease in α-amylase activity upon exposure to excess Co2+ and Ni2+. In addition, a substantial increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities and high flavonoid contents in L. punctata may have largely resulted in the metal tolerance. Furthermore, the high Co2+ and Ni2+ contents (2012.9±18.8 and 1997.7±29.2mgkg-1 DW) in the tissue indicate that L. punctata is a hyperaccumulator. Thus, L. punctata can be considered as a potential candidate for the simultaneous bioremediation of Co2+- and Ni2+-polluted water and high-quality biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanqiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhidan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanling Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaize He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Liu Y, Sanguanphun T, Yuan W, Cheng JJ, Meetam M. The biological responses and metal phytoaccumulation of duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza to manganese and chromium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19104-19113. [PMID: 28660513 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The phytoaccumulation ability of duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza on manganese (Mn) and chromium (Cr) was assessed by exposing the plant to various concentrations of single or dual metals (5-70 mg L-1 Mn, 2-12 mg L-1 Cr(VI)) under laboratory conditions. The results showed that S. polyrhiza can tolerate Mn at high concentrations of up to 70 mg L-1, and its growth rate was barely affected by Mn. The effects of Cr on S. polyrhiza growth were dose-dependent, and the growth was completely inhibited in the presence of 12 mg L-1 Cr. Analysis of metal content in the plant biomass revealed a high accumulation of Mn (up to 15.75 mg per g of duckweed dry weight). The Cr bioaccumulation (from below detection limit to 2.85 mg Cr (11.84 mg Cr2O72-) per g of duckweed dry weight) increased with cultivation time and metal concentration in the medium. Further study with the concurrence of Mn and Cr showed increased toxicity to plant growth and photosynthesis. The metal accumulations in the dual metal treatments were also significantly decreased as compared to the single metal treatments. Nevertheless, the phytoaccumulation of these two metals in S. polyrhiza in the dual metal treatments were still comparable to or higher than in previous reports. Thus, it was concluded that duckweed S. polyrhiza has the potential to be used as a phytoremediator in aquatic environments for Mn and Cr removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Tanatcha Sanguanphun
- Department of Biology, Faculty and Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wenqiao Yuan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Jay J Cheng
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Metha Meetam
- Department of Biology, Faculty and Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Liu C, Dai Z, Sun H. Potential of duckweed (Lemna minor) for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from water under salt stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 187:497-503. [PMID: 27856035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Duckweed plays a major role in the removal of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from water. To determine the effect of salt stress on the removal of N and P by duckweed, we cultured Lemna minor, a common species of duckweed, in N and P-rich water with NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mM for 24 h and 72 h, respectively. The results show that the removal capacity of duckweed for N and P was reduced by salt stress. Higher salt stress with longer cultivation period exerts more injury to duckweed and greater inhibition of N and P removal. Severe salt stress (100 mM NaCl) induced duckweed to release N and P and even resulted in negative removal efficiencies. The results indicate that L. minor should be used to remove N and P from water with salinities below 75 mM NaCl, or equivalent salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zheng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Saleem M, Asghar HN, Khan MY, Zahir ZA. Gibberellic acid in combination with pressmud enhances the growth of sunflower and stabilizes chromium(VI)-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10610-7. [PMID: 25744819 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the impact of gibberellic acid on growth and yield of sunflower in hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-contaminated soil in the presence as well as absence of pressmud. Seeds of sunflower were sown in potted soil amended with pressmud as an organic amendment and contaminated with different levels of Cr(VI) (12, 18, and 24 mg kg(-1)) by using K2Cr2O7 salt. Gibberellic acid (10(-4) M) was applied at time of seedling emergence in the rhizosphere. The results showed that Cr(VI) stress significantly reduced the growth and yield of sunflower. However, application of gibberellic acid and pressmud reversed the toxic effects of Cr(VI) and improved the growth and yield of sunflower. Combined application of gibberellic acid and pressmud further improved growth and yield compared to their separate application in Cr(VI) stress. Moreover, gibberellic acid and pressmud decreased the uptake of Cr and stabilized it in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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Duman F, Koca FD. Single and combined effects of exposure concentration and duration on biological responses of Ceratophyllum demersum L. exposed to Cr species. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2014; 16:1192-208. [PMID: 24933911 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2013.821450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the ways in which two chromium species, Cr (III) and Cr (VI), can affect various physiological and biochemical parameters in the plant Ceratophyllum demersum L., and to evaluate the single and combined impact of exposure concentration and duration. C. demersum was exposed to Cr (III) and Cr (VI) at a variety of concentrations (1, 2, 5, and 10 mM) and for differing durations (1, 2, 4, and 7 days), after which Cr accumulation, relative growth rate (RGR), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, electrical conductivity (EC), photosynthetic pigmentation, proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities were examined. The single and combined effects of exposure duration and Cr concentration on each parameter were determined using a two-way analysis of variance. For both the Cr (III) and Cr (VI) applications, it was observed that concentration had a significant effect on all parameters assessed. However, duration had no statistically significant effect on proline content in the Cr (III) application, or on MDA and protein content in the Cr (VI) application. It was determined that concentration exerted greater effects than duration for both Cr species studied. In addition, the results indicated that duration and concentration had a synergistic effect on variations of RGR, EC, protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activities in both the Cr (III) and Cr (VI) applications. These results may be useful when planning further phytoremediation and plant biotechnology studies.
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van der Spiegel M, Noordam M, van der Fels-Klerx H. Safety of Novel Protein Sources (Insects, Microalgae, Seaweed, Duckweed, and Rapeseed) and Legislative Aspects for Their Application in Food and Feed Production. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:662-678. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. van der Spiegel
- RIKILT Wageningen UR; Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre; P.O. Box 230; 6700 AE; Wageningen; the Netherlands
| | - M.Y. Noordam
- RIKILT Wageningen UR; Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre; P.O. Box 230; 6700 AE; Wageningen; the Netherlands
| | - H.J. van der Fels-Klerx
- RIKILT Wageningen UR; Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre; P.O. Box 230; 6700 AE; Wageningen; the Netherlands
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Pereira M, Bartolomé MC, Sánchez-Fortún S. Bioadsorption and bioaccumulation of chromium trivalent in Cr(III)-tolerant microalgae: a mechanisms for chromium resistance. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1057-1063. [PMID: 23810518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activity constantly releases heavy metals into the environment. The heavy metal chromium has a wide industrial use and exists in two stable oxidation states: trivalent and hexavalent. While hexavalent chromium uptake in plant cells has been reported that an active process by carrying essential anions, the cation Cr(III) appears to be taken up inactively. Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides (Dc1M), an unicellular green alga is a well-studied cell biological model organism. The present study was carried out to investigate the toxic effect of chromium exposures on wild-type Cr(III)-sensitive (Dc1M(wt)) and Cr(III)-tolerant (Dc1M(Cr(III)R30)) strains of these green algae, and to determine the potential mechanism of chromium resistance. Using cell growth as endpoint to determine Cr(III)-sensitivity, the IC₅₀(₇₂) values obtained show significant differences of sensitivity between wild type and Cr(III)-tolerant cells. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed significant morphological differences between both strains, such as decrease in cell size or reducing the coefficient of form; and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed ultrastructural changes such as increased vacuolization and cell wall thickening in the Cr(III)-tolerant strain with respect to the wild-type strain. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/XEDS) revealed that Cr(III)-tolerant D. chlorelloides cells are able to accumulate considerable amounts of chromium distributed in cell wall (bioadsorption) as well as in cytoplasm, vacuoles, and chloroplast (bio-accumulation). Morphological changes of Cr(III)-tolerant D. chlorelloides cells and the presence of these electron-dense bodies in their cell structures can be understood as a Cr(III) detoxification mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pereira
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, s/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sooksawat N, Meetam M, Kruatrachue M, Pokethitiyook P, Nathalang K. Phytoremediation potential of charophytes: bioaccumulation and toxicity studies of cadmium, lead and zinc. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:596-604. [PMID: 23923434 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability for usage of common freshwater charophytes, Chara aculeolata and Nitella opaca in removal of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) from wastewater was examined. C. aculeolata and N. opaca were exposed to various concentrations of Cd (0.25 and 0.5 mg/L), Pb (5 and 10 mg/L) and Zn (5 and 10 mg/L) solutions under hydroponic conditions for 6 days. C. aculeolata was more tolerant of Cd and Pb than N. opaca. The relative growth rate of N. opaca was drastically reduced at high concentrations of Cd and Pb although both were tolerant of Zn. Both macroalgae showed a reduction in chloroplast, chlorophyll and carotenoid content after Cd and Pb exposure, while Zn exposure had little effects. The bioaccumulation of both Cd and Pb was higher in N. opaca (1544.3 microg/g at 0.5 mg/L Cd, 21657.0 microg/g at 10 mg/L Pb) whereas higher Zn accumulation was observed in C. aculeolata (6703.5 microg/g at 10 mg/L Zn). In addition, high bioconcentration factor values (> 1000) for Cd and Pb were observed in both species. C. aculeolata showed higher percentage of Cd and Pb removal (> 95%) than N. opaca and seemed to be a better choice for Cd and Pb removal from wastewater due to its tolerance to these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najjapak Sooksawat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Wu F, Mu Y, Chang H, Zhao X, Giesy JP, Wu KB. Predicting water quality criteria for protecting aquatic life from physicochemical properties of metals or metalloids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013. [PMID: 23199259 DOI: 10.1021/es303309h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metals are widely distributed pollutants in water and can have detrimental effects on some aquatic life and humans. Over the past few decades, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has published a series of criteria guidelines, which contain specific criteria maximum concentrations (CMCs) for 10 metals. However, CMCs for other metals are still lacking because of financial, practical, or ethical restrictions on toxicity testing. Herein, a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) method was used to develop a set of predictive relationships, based on physical and chemical characteristics of metals, and predict acute toxicities of each species for five phyla and eight families of organisms for 25 metals or metalloids. In addition, species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were developed as independent methods for determining predictive CMCs. The quantitative ion character-activity relationships (QICAR) analysis showed that the softness index (σp), maximum complex stability constants (log -β(n)), electrochemical potential (ΔE(0)), and covalent index (X(m)(2)r) were the minimum set of structure parameters required to predict toxicity of metals to eight families of representative organisms. Predicted CMCs for 10 metals are in reasonable agreement with those recommended previously by U.S. EPA within a difference of 1.5 orders of magnitude. CMCs were significantly related to σp (r(2) = 0.76, P = 7.02 × 10(-9)) and log -β(n) (r(2) = 0.73, P = 3.88 × 10(-8)). The novel QICAR-SSD model reported here is a rapid, cost-effective, and reasonably accurate method, which can provide a beneficial supplement to existing methodologies for developing preliminarily screen level toxicities or criteria for metals, for which little or no relevant information on the toxicity to particular classes of aquatic organisms exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Xie WY, Huang Q, Li G, Rensing C, Zhu YG. Cadmium accumulation in the rootless macrophyte Wolffia globosa and its potential for phytoremediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2013; 15:385-97. [PMID: 23488004 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2012.702809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution around the world is a serious issue demanding acceptable solutions, one of which is phytoremediation that is both cost-effective and eco-friendly. Removal of Cd from contaminated water using plants with high growth rates and sufficient Cd accumulation abilities could be an appropriate choice. Here, we investigated a potential Cd accumulator, Wolffia, a rootless duckweed with high growth rate. Cd uptake, accumulation, tolerance, and phytofiltration ability by Wolffia globosa were examined. Furthermore, the effects of arsenic (As) on Cd uptake and phytofiltration by W. globosa were also studied. Cd uptake kinetics showed a linear pattern and a hyperbolic pattern without a plateau in lower (0-2 microM) and higher (0-200 microM) Cd concentration ranges, respectively, suggesting rapid Cd uptake by W. globosa Cd accumulation ability by W. globosa was higher at Cd concentrations < 10 microM than at >10 microM. All the five species of Wolffia exposed to I microM Cd for 5 days accumulated > 500 mg Cd kg(-1) DW. Ten gram fresh W. globosa could diminish almost all the Cd (2 microM) in a 200 mL solution. This enormous accumulation ability was mostly due to passive adsorption of Cd by the apoplast. Arsenic had no significant effect on Cd uptake and phytofiltration. The fresh fronds also showed a great As extracting ability. The results indicated that Wolffia is a strong Cd accumulator and has great Cd phytoremediation potential. Therefore, this plant can be used in fresh aquatic environments co-contaminated by low-levels of Cd and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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Hayat S, Khalique G, Irfan M, Wani AS, Tripathi BN, Ahmad A. Physiological changes induced by chromium stress in plants: an overview. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:599-611. [PMID: 22002742 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an overview of the mechanism of chromium (Cr) stress in plants. Toxic effects of Cr on plant growth and development depend primarily on its valence state. Cr(VI) is highly toxic and mobile whereas Cr(III) is less toxic. Cr-induced oxidative stress involves induction of lipid peroxidation in plants that cause severe damage to cell membranes which includes degradation of photosynthetic pigments causing deterioration in growth. The potential of plants with the adequacy to accumulate or to stabilize Cr compounds for bioremediation of Cr contamination has gained engrossment in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Hayat
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Role of Aquatic Macrophytes in Biogeochemical Cycling of Heavy Metals, Relevance to Soil-Sediment Continuum Detoxification and Ecosystem Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21408-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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32
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Redondo-Gómez S, Mateos-Naranjo E, Vecino-Bueno I, Feldman SR. Accumulation and tolerance characteristics of chromium in a cordgrass Cr-hyperaccumulator, Spartina argentinensis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 185:862-9. [PMID: 20970921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The cordgrass Spartina argentinensis, which occurs in inland marshes of the Chaco-Pampean regions of Argentina, has been found to be a new chromium hyperaccumulator. A glasshouse experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Cr(6+) from 0 to 20 mmol l(-1) on growth and photosynthetic apparatus of S. argentinensis by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, gas exchange and photosynthetic pigment concentrations. Boron, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, potassium and phosphorous concentrations were also determined. S. argentinensis showed phytotoxicity at tiller concentration of 4 mg g(-1) Cr, and symptoms of stress at tiller concentration of 1.5 mg g(-1) Cr, as well as reductions in leaf gas exchange, in chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, in photosynthetic pigment contents and in the uptake of essential nutrients. Reductions in net photosynthetic rate could be accounted for by non-stomatal limitations. Moreover, the bioaccumulator factors exceeded greatly the critical value (1.0) for all Cr treatments, and the transport factors indicated that this species has a higher ability to transfer Cr from roots to tillers at higher Cr concentrations. These results confirmed that S. argentinensis is a chromium hyperaccumulator and that it may be useful for restoring Cr-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
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Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM. Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2010; 8:199-216. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1402] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Dhir B, Sharmila P, Pardha Saradhi P, Nasim SA. Physiological and antioxidant responses of Salvinia natans exposed to chromium-rich wastewater. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:1790-7. [PMID: 19409614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salvinia natans possess capacity to accumulate high concentrations of chromium (Cr). Studies were carried out to evaluate physiological efficiency and defensive potential of plant exposed to Cr-rich wastewater. Among photochemical reactions, photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II) activity noted an increase in plants exposed to Cr-rich wastewater. Fluorescence ratio F(v)/F(m) depicted no alteration in plants exposed to Cr. The activity of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) noted a decline, while transthylakoidal pH gradient (DeltapH) (correlative of photophosphorylation) showed increase in plants exposed to Cr-rich wastewater. Plants lacked the ability to produce malondialdehyde, but possessed efficient enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidant defense mechanisms that played important role in curtailing oxidative stress. The activities of antioxidant enzymes showed alleviation in plants exposed to Cr-rich wastewater. The levels of cellular antioxidants noted decline suggesting a defensive role in protection against oxidative stress caused by Cr. The present findings suggest that Salvinia possess efficient antioxidant machinery that curtails oxidative stress caused by Cr-rich wastewater and protects photosynthetic machinery from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Dhir
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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35
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Zhang X, Zhao FJ, Huang Q, Williams PN, Sun GX, Zhu YG. Arsenic uptake and speciation in the rootless duckweed Wolffia globosa. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 182:421-428. [PMID: 19210724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds are a common macrophyte in paddy and aquatic environments. Here, we investigated arsenic (As) accumulation, speciation and tolerance of the rootless duckweed Wolffia globosa and its potential for As phytofiltration. When grown with 1 microm arsenate, W. globosa accumulated two to 10 times more As than four other duckweed or Azolla species tested. W. globosa was able to accumulate > 1000 mg As kg(-1) in frond dry weight (DW), and tolerate up to 400 mg As kg(-1) DW. At the low concentration range, uptake rate was similar for arsenate and arsenite, but at the high concentration range, arsenite was taken up at a faster rate. Arsenite was the predominant As species (c. 90% of the total extractable As) in both arsenate- and arsenite-exposed duckweed. W. globosa was more resistant to external arsenate than arsenite, but showed a similar degree of tolerance internally. W. globosa decreased arsenate in solution rapidly, but also effluxed arsenite. Wolffia globosa is a strong As accumulator and an interesting model plant to study As uptake and metabolism because of the lack of a root-to-frond translocation barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- Soil Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Qing Huang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Paul N Williams
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guo-Xin Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361003, China
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Benzarti S, Mohri S, Ono Y. Plant response to heavy metal toxicity: comparative study between the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens (ecotype Ganges) and nonaccumulator plants: lettuce, radish, and alfalfa. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2008; 23:607-16. [PMID: 18528911 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Thlaspi caerulescens (alpine pennycress) is one of the best-known heavy metal (HM) hyperaccumulating plant species. It exhibits the ability to extract and accumulate various HM at extremely high concentrations. In this hydroponic study, the performance of T. caerulescens (ecotype Ganges) to accumulate Cd, Zn, and Cu was compared with that of three nonaccumulator plants: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Plants were exposed to the separately dissolved HM salts for 7 days at a wide range of increasing concentrations: 0 (control: 1/5 Hoagland nutrient solution), 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 microM. The comparative study combined chemical, physiological, and ecotoxicological assessments. Excessive concentrations of HM (100 and 1000 microM) affected plant growth, photosynthesis, and phytoaccumulation efficiency. Root exudation for all plant species was highly and significantly correlated to HM concentration in exposure solutions and proved its importance to counter effect toxicity. T. caerulescens resisted better the phytotoxic effects of Cd and Zn (at 1000 microM each), and translocated them significantly within tissues (366 and 1290 microg g(-1), respectively). At the same HM level, T. caerulescens exhibited lower performances in accumulating Cu when compared with the rest of plant species, mainly alfalfa (298 microg g(-1)). Root elongation inhibition test confirmed the selective aptitude of T. caerulescens to better cope with Cd and Zn toxicities. MetPLATE bioassay showed greater sensitivity to HM toxicity with much lower EC(50) values for beta-galactosidase activity in E. coli. Nevertheless, exaggerated HM concentrations coupled with relatively short exposure time did not allow for an efficient metal phytoextraction thus a significant reduction of ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoussen Benzarti
- The Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University. 3-1-1, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Rai PK. Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems and its phytoremediation using wetland plants: an ecosustainable approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2008; 10:131-158. [PMID: 18709926 DOI: 10.1080/15226510801913918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the global problem of heavymetal pollution originating from increased industrialization and urbanization and its amelioration by using wetland plants both in a microcosm as well as natural/field condition. Heavymetal contamination in aquatic ecosystems due to discharge of industrial effluents may pose a serious threat to human health. Alkaline precipitation, ion exchange columns, electrochemical removal, filtration, and membrane technologies are the currently available technologies for heavy metal removal. These conventional technologies are not economical and may produce adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Phytoremediation of metals is a cost-effective "green" technology based on the use of specially selected metal-accumulating plants to remove toxic metals from soils and water. Wetland plants are important tools for heavy metal removal. The Ramsar convention, one of the earlier modern global conservation treaties, was adopted at Ramsar, Iran, in 1971 and became effective in 1975. This convention emphasized the wise use of wetlands and their resources. This review mentions salient features of wetland ecosystems, their vegetation component, and the pros and cons involved in heavy metal removal. Wetland plants are preferred over other bio-agents due to their low cost, frequent abundance in aquatic ecosystems, and easy handling. The extensive rhizosphere of wetland plants provides an enriched culture zone for the microbes involved in degradation. The wetland sediment zone provides reducing conditions that are conducive to the metal removal pathway. Constructed wetlands proved to be effective for the abatement of heavymetal pollution from acid mine drainage; landfill leachate; thermal power; and municipal, agricultural, refinery, and chlor-alkali effluent. the physicochemical properties of wetlands provide many positive attributes for remediating heavy metals. Typha, Phragmites, Eichhornia, Azolla, Lemna, and other aquatic macrophytes are some of the potent wetland plants for heavy metal removal. Biomass disposal problem and seasonal growth of aquatic macrophytes are some limitations in the transfer of phytoremediation technology from the laboratory to the field. However, the disposed biomass of macrophytes may be used for various fruitful applications. An ecosustainable model has been developed through the author's various works, which may ameliorate some of the limitations. The creation of more areas for phytoremediation may also aid in wetlands conservation. Genetic engineering and biodiversity prospecting of endangered wetland plants are important future prospects in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Forest Ecology Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Mizoram Central University, Tanhril, Aizawl, India.
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Yu XZ, Gu JD. Accumulation and distribution of trivalent chromium and effects on hybrid willow (Salix matsudana Koidz x alba L.) metabolism. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 52:503-11. [PMID: 17380236 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-006-0155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic response of plants to exogenous supply and bioaccumulation of trivalent chromium (Cr(3+) ) was investigated. Pre-rooted young hybrid willows (Salix matsudana Koidz x alba L.) were exposed to hydroponic solution spiked with CrCl(3) at 24.0 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C for 192 hours. Various physiologic parameters of the plants were monitored to determine toxicity from Cr exposure. The transpiration rate of willows exposed to 2.5 mg Cr/L was 49% higher than that of the untreated control plants, but it was decreased by 17% when exposed to 30.0 mg Cr/L. Significant decrease (> or =20%) of soluble protein in young leaves of willows was detected in the treatment group with > or =7.5 mg Cr/L. The measured chlorophyll contents in leaves of treated plants varied with the dose of Cr, but a linear correlation could not be established. The contents of chlorophyll in leaves of willows exposed to > or =7.5 mg Cr/L were higher than that of the untreated plants but lower at 30.0 mg Cr/L. Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in leaves between the treated and untreated willows did not show any significant difference, but activities of both catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in leaf cells of all treated plants were higher than those in the untreated willows. The correlation between the concentration of Cr and CAT activity in leaf cells was the highest of all toxicity assays (R ( 2 ) = 0.9096), indicating that CAT activity was most sensitive to the change in Cr(3+) doses compared with the other selected parameters. Results from the Cr uptake study showed that significant removal of Cr from hydroponic solution was observed in the presence of hybrid willows without showing detectable phytotoxicity, even at high does of Cr. More than 90% of the applied Cr(3+) was removed from the aqueous solution by willows at concentrations up to 7.5 mg Cr/L. Approximately 70% of the initial Cr was recovered in the plant materials. At the low-Cr(3+) treatment (2.5 mg Cr/L), Cr accumulation by willow materials was the greatest (92%) in roots and the lowest (0.2%) in leaves, whereas the greatest (66%) was in stems and the lowest (0.1%) in leaves of willows exposed to 30.0 mg Cr/L. The correlation between applied Cr(3+) (mg Cr/L) and Cr (mug Cr/g fresh weight [fw]) accumulated in plant materials was significant. The bioaccumulation kinetics of Cr by hybrid willows can be described by a typical saturation curve. Results also indicated that translocation of Cr from roots to shoots was possible. It is to conclude that hybrid willows have great potential as bioremediation technology in the removal of chromium (Cr(3+)) from contaminated effluents and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-Z Yu
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
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Yu XZ, Gu JD, Huang SZ. Hexavalent chromium induced stress and metabolic responses in hybrid willows. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2007; 16:299-309. [PMID: 17253159 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-006-0129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic responses to hexavalent chromium (Cr(6+)) stress and the uptake and translocation of Cr(6+ )were investigated using pre-rooted hybrid willows (Salix matsudana Koidz x Salix alba L.) exposed to hydroponic solution spiked with K(2)CrO(4) at 24.0 +/- 1 degrees C for 192 h. Various physiological parameters of the plants were monitored to determine toxicity from Cr(6+ )exposure. At Cr(6+) treatments of <or=2.1 mg Cr/l, the transpiration rate of plants was > 50% higher than that of the non-treated control plants. As Cr concentrations were increased further, a slight increase in the transpiration rate was also observed compared with the controls. Negligible difference in the chlorophyll contents in leaves between the treated and the non-treated control plants was measured, except for willows exposed to 1.05 mg Cr/l. The response of soluble proteins in leaves of willows to Cr treatments was remarkable. Cr-induced toxicity appeared in all treatments resulting in reduced activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) compared to the controls. Superoxide dismutases (SOD) activity in the leaf cells showed a positive increase after Cr exposure. Of all selected parameters, soluble proteins in leaves were the most sensitive to Cr(6+ )doses, showing a significant linear correlation negatively (R (2) = 0.931). Uptake of Cr(6+) by willows grown in flasks was found to increase linearly with the added Cr(6+ )(a zero order kinetics), as indicated by the high R (2) (0.9322). Recovery of Cr in different parts of plant materials varied significantly with roots being the dominant site of Cr accumulation. Although the translocation to shoots was detected, the amount of Cr translocated to shoots was considerably small. The capacity of willows to assimilate Cr(6+ )was also evaluated using detached leaves and roots in sealed glass vessels in vivo. Uptake of Cr by roots was mediated possibly through an active transport mechanism, whereas the cuticle of leaves was the major obstacle to uptake Cr from the hydroponic solution. In addition, both cysteine and ascorbic acid showed a remarkable potential to reduce Cr(6+) at a neutral pH. Results indicated that the added Cr did not cause deleterious effects on plant physiological functions over a 192-h period of exposure. Significant removal of Cr from the hydroponic solution was observed in the presence of hybrid willows. The data also suggest that phytoremediation of Cr(6+) is possible and ecologically safe due to the minor translocation of Cr to aerial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Arora A, Saxena S, Sharma DK. Tolerance and phytoaccumulation of Chromium by three Azolla species. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-005-9000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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