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Xia JD, Wang H, Hua LW, Xu M, Zheng X, Zhang K. Comparative analysis of organophosphorus versus carbamate pesticide poisoning: a case study. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2024; 75:81-84. [PMID: 38548379 PMCID: PMC10978098 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus poisoning is a critical condition that can cause central nervous system depression, respiratory failure, and death early on. As its clinical manifestations closely resemble those of carbamate pesticide poisoning, the aim of this case study is to present a case of misdiagnosis, initially identifying carbofuran poisoning as organophosphate in a patient suspect of a heatstroke. We also present a case of intentional self-poisoning with organophosphate dichlorvos to underline the likelihood of pesticide poisoning in patients exhibiting acute cholinergic symptoms when the ingested substance is not known. In such cases, empirical treatment with atropine and oxime can be started pending timely differential diagnosis to adjust treatment as necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-ding Xia
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Intensive Care Unit, Chengde, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Intensive Care Unit, Chengde, China
| | - Li-wei Hua
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Intensive Care Unit, Chengde, China
| | - Min Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Intensive Care Unit, Chengde, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Intensive Care Unit, Chengde, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Intensive Care Unit, Chengde, China
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2
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Liu T, Chen X, Li W, Zhang X, Wang G, Wang J, Liang L, Yang F, Li J, Li J. Oxidative stress as a key event in 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115357. [PMID: 37598546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) has been identified as an emerging disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water and has the potential to induce neurodevelopmental toxicity. However, there is rarely a comprehensive toxicological evaluation of the neurodevelopmental toxicity of DCBQ. Here, neural differentiating SH-SY5Y cells were used as an in vitro model. Our results have found that DCBQ has decreased cell viability and neural differentiation, generated higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the percentage of apoptosis and lowered the level of mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting the neurodevelopmental toxicity of DCBQ. In addition, antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) could significantly attenuate these DCBQ-induced neurotoxic effects, supporting our hypothesis that the neurodevelopmental toxicity may be related with oxidative stress induced by DCBQ. We further demonstrated that DCBQ-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity could promote the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and inhibit the prosurvival PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through inducing ROS, which ultimately inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in neural differentiating SH-SY5Y cells. These findings have provided novel insights into the risk of neurodevelopmental toxic effects associated with DCBQ exposure, emphasizing the importance of assessing the potential neurodevelopmental toxicity of DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wanling Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Changchun Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Gaihua Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lanqian Liang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Olugbodi JO, Lawal B, Bako G, Onikanni AS, Abolenin SM, Mohammud SS, Ataya FS, Batiha GES. Effect of sub-dermal exposure of silver nanoparticles on hepatic, renal and cardiac functions accompanying oxidative damage in male Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10539. [PMID: 37386048 PMCID: PMC10310751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been generally used due to their strong antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal and antimicrobial properties. However, their toxicity is a subject of sustained debate, thus requiring further studies. Hence, this study examines the adverse effects of the sub-dermal administered dose of AgNPs (200 nm) on the liver, kidney and heart of male Wistar rats. Thirty male rats were randomly distributed into six groups of five animals per group. Group A and D served as the control and received distilled water for 14 and 28 days respectively. Groups B and C were sub-dermally exposed to AgNPs at 10 and 50 mg/kg daily for 14 days while E and F were sub-dermally exposed to AgNPs at 10 and 50 mg/kg daily for 28 days. The liver, kidney and heart of the animals were collected, processed and used for biochemical and histological analysis. Our results revealed that the subdermal administration of AgNPs induced significant increased (p < 0.05) activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde (MDA) while decreasing the levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total thiol groups in the rat tissues. Our findings suggest that the subdermal administration of AgNPs induced oxidative stress and impaired the hepatic, renal and cardiac functions of male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Olayemi Olugbodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bingham University, Abuja-Keffi Expressway Road, P.M.B 005, Karu, Nigeria.
| | - Bashir Lawal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Godiya Bako
- Department of Biochemistry, Bingham University, Abuja-Keffi Expressway Road, P.M.B 005, Karu, Nigeria
| | - Amos Sunday Onikanni
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sulama M Abolenin
- Biology Department, Thurobah University College, Thurobah, Republic of Congo
| | - Soliman S Mohammud
- Biology Department, Thurobah University College, Thurobah, Republic of Congo
| | - Farid S Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
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Zhang D, Liang P, Chen W, Tang Z, Li C, Xiao K, Jin S, Ni D, Yu Z. Rapid field trace detection of pesticide residue in food based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:370. [PMID: 34622367 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is an alternative detection tool for monitoring food security. However, there is still a lack of a conclusion of SERS detection with respect to pesticides and real sample analysis, and the summary of intelligent algorithms in SERS is also a blank. In this review, a comprehensive report of pesticides detection using SERS technology is given. The SERS detection characteristics of different types of pesticides and the influence of substrate on inspection are discussed and compared by the typical ways of classification. The key points, including the progress in real sample analysis and Raman data processing methods with intelligent algorithm, are highlighted. Lastly, major challenges and future research trends of SERS analysis of pesticide residue are also addressed. SERS has been proven to be a powerful technique for rapid test of residue pesticides in complex food matrices, but there still is a tremendous development space for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Zhang
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Pei Liang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Wenwen Chen
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhexiang Tang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chen Li
- Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute, Nanchang, 330203, China
| | - Kunyue Xiao
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shangzhong Jin
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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de Oliveira J, Farias HR, Streck EL. Experimental evidence of tyrosine neurotoxicity: focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1673-1685. [PMID: 34212298 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue exposure to high levels of tyrosine, which is characteristic of an inborn error of metabolism named Tyrosinemia, is related to severe symptoms, including neurological alterations. The clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of tyrosine neurotoxicity can be recapitulated in experimental models in vivo and in vitro. A widely used experimental model to study brain tyrosine damage is the chronic and acute administration of this amino acid in infant rats. Other research groups and we have extensively studied the pathogenic events in the brain structures of rats exposed to high tyrosine levels. Rats administered acutely and chronically with tyrosine presented decreased and inhibition of the essential metabolism enzymes, e.g., Krebs cycle enzymes and mitochondrial respiratory complexes in the brain structures. These alterations induced by tyrosine toxicity were associated with brain oxidative stress, astrocytes, and, ultimately, cognitive impairments. Notably, in vivo data were corroborated by in vitro studies using cerebral regions homogenates incubated with tyrosine excess. Considering metabolism's importance to brain functioning, we hypothesized that mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions are closely related to neurological alterations induced by tyrosine neurotoxicity. Herein, we reviewed the main mechanisms associated with tyrosine neurotoxicity in experimental models, emphasizing the role of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Hémelin Resende Farias
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, 88806-000, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil.
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Suwannakul B, Sapbamrer R, Wiwattanadittakul N, Hongsibsong S. Prenatal organophosphate exposure can cause adverse birth outcomes to humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45064-45074. [PMID: 33860419 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides may accumulate in pregnant agricultural workers, resulting in adverse effects on the growth and development of the fetus and neonates. This study aims to evaluate a possible association between prenatal urinary OP metabolite levels among pregnant agricultural workers and birth outcomes of infants. This study also investigated the factors associated with urinary OP metabolites among pregnant agricultural workers. The spot urine samples were collected and analyzed for six OP metabolite levels. Birth outcomes data were abstracted from medical records. Multiple regression analysis found that gestational age at childbirth was negatively associated with diethylphosphate (DEP) levels (β = -0.073; 95% CI, -0.121, -0.024). Apgar score at 1 and 5 min after birth were negatively associated with diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) levels (β = -0.036; 95% CI, -0.069, -0.003; and β = -0.034, 95% CI, -0.057, -0.011, respectively). In addition, DEDTP levels were negatively associated with maternal age (β = -0.181; 95% CI, -0.339, -0.023), and dimethylphosphate (DMP) levels were positively associated with frequency of agricultural work during pregnancy (β = 31.554; 95% CI, 0.194, 62.914). Our results indicate that prenatal OP exposure can cause adverse birth outcomes in babies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective strategy for reducing prenatal exposure to OP pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonsita Suwannakul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Natrujee Wiwattanadittakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Science, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthavaroros, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Penatzer JA, Prince N, Miller JV, Newman M, Lynch C, Hobbs GR, Boyd JW. Corticosterone and chlorpyrifos oxon exposure elicits spatiotemporal MAPK phosphoprotein signaling in a mouse brain. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112421. [PMID: 34280473 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely-used pesticides globally for agricultural purposes. Certain occupations (e.g., farmers, military) are at an increased risk for high-dose exposure to CPF, which can lead to seizures and irreversible brain injury. Workers with the highest risk of exposure typically experience increased circulating cortisol levels, which is related to physiological stress. To better represent this exposure scenario, a mouse model utilized exogenous administration of corticosterone (CORT; high physiologic stress mimic) in combination with chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO; oxon metabolite of CPF); this combination increases neuroinflammation post-exposure. In the present study adult male C57BL/6J mice were given CORT (200 μg/mL) in drinking water for seven days followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of CPO (8.0 mg/kg) on day eight, and euthanized 0.5, 2, and 24 h post-injection. Ten post-translationally modified proteins were measured in the frontal cortex and striatum to evaluate brain region-specific effects. The spatiotemporal response to CORT + CPO sequentially activated phosphoproteins (p-ERK1/2, p-MEK1/2, p-JNK) involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Observed p-ZAP70 responses further integrated MAPK signaling and provided a spatiotemporal connection between protein phosphorylation and neuroinflammation. This study provides insight into the spatiotemporal cellular signaling cascade following CORT + CPO exposure that represent these vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Penatzer
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Nicole Prince
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Mackenzie Newman
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cayla Lynch
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; Cellular and Integrative Physiology Department, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Gerald R Hobbs
- Department of Statistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jonathan W Boyd
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Bajgar J, Kuca K, Kassa J. Inhibition of cholinesterases following percutaneous intoxication with V agents in rats. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1564773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Bajgar
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kassa
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Persistent proteomic changes in glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling in the amygdala of adolescent rats exposed to chlorpyrifos as juveniles. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:234-244. [PMID: 34058248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) remains one of the most widely used organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) despite the concerns about its developmental neurotoxicity. Developmental exposure to CPF has long-lasting negative impacts, including abnormal emotional behaviors. These negative impacts are observed at exposure levels do not cause inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, the canonical target of OPs. Exposure to CPF at these levels inhibits the endocannabinoid metabolizing enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) but it is not clear what the persistent effects of this inhibition are. To investigate this, male rat pups were exposed orally to either corn oil, 0.75 mg/kg CPF, or 0.02 mg/kg PF-04457845 (PF; a specific inhibitor of FAAH) daily from postnatal day 10 (PND10) - PND16. This dosage of CPF does not inhibit brain cholinesterase activity but inhibits FAAH activity. On PND38 (adolescence), the protein expression in the amygdala was determined using a label-free shotgun proteomic approach. The analysis of control vs CPF and control vs PF led to the identification of 44 and 142 differentially regulated proteins, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that most of the proteins with altered expression in both CPF and PF treatment groups were localized in the synapse-related regions, such as presynaptic membrane, postsynaptic density, and synaptic vesicle. The different biological processes affected by both treatment groups included persistent synaptic potentiation, glutamate receptor signaling, protein phosphorylation, and chemical synaptic transmission. These results also indicated disturbances in the balance between glutamatergic (↓ Glutamate AMPA receptor 2, ↓ Excitatory amino acid transporter 2, and ↑ vesicular glutamate transporter 2) and GABAergic signaling (↑ GABA transporter 3 and ↑ glutamate decarboxylase 2). This imbalance could play a role in the abnormal emotional behavior that we have previously reported. These results suggest that there is a similar pattern of expression between CPF and PF, and both these chemicals can persistently alter emotional behavior as a consequence of inhibition of FAAH.
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Valbuena D, Cely-Santos M, Obregón D. Agrochemical pesticide production, trade, and hazard: Narrowing the information gap in Colombia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112141. [PMID: 33676136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a major tool for the intensification of agriculture, and helped to increase food, feed and biofuel production. Yet, there are persistent concerns about the negative effects of pesticides in human health and the environment, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Given the lack of information on pesticide exposure and hazard, Colombia exemplifies the need to narrow the information gap on pesticide risk in LMICs. We assessed pesticide hazard in Colombia based on the official toxicity categorization, compared it to more integral international standards, and identified main actions to narrow this information gap. Results showed that Colombia has been a relevant regional actor in pesticide production and trade, reaching almost 75 million kilogrammes and liters sold in 2016. Based on acute toxicity for humans, a quarter of the amount of pesticides sales and imports, and a third of the exports in 2016 ranged from moderately to extremenly toxic. The top-selling agrochemicals in 2016 (glyphosate with 14% of the total sales, chlorpyrifos 7.5% and mancozeb 6.9%) are also commonly used in other countries, reflecting a homogenized global industry. Compared to integral international categorizations, we found that for that year 63% of the pesticides sold with slightly acute toxicity are actually considered highly hazardous pesticides (HHP) for humans or the environment, evidencing the need to use a more integral hazard categorization in the country. Narrowing the information gap in pesticide use and associated risks demands a transparent process of knowledge creation and sharing, including funtional information and monitoring systems. This should be part of an integral assessment and regulation that better defines HHP, their production and trade to reduce pesticide risk while informing a transition towards sustainable food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Valbuena
- Land Use Planning Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcela Cely-Santos
- Ciencias Sociales y Saberes de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Colombia
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Organophosphate Pesticide Exposures in Early and Late Pregnancy Influence Different Aspects of Infant Developmental Performance. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9050099. [PMID: 33946194 PMCID: PMC8145728 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides can transfer from mother to fetus via the placenta and amniotic fluid and may affect the development of infants. This study aims to evaluate the associations between maternal OP concentrations collected in the 1st-2nd trimester and the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and the infant developmental performance. The Screening Test of the Bayley Scales of Infants and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III screening test) was used to assess development performance at 2 and 6 months of age. Multiple regression analysis showed a negative correlation between cognitive performance at 2 months and maternal diethylthiophosphate (DETP) levels in the 1st-2nd trimester (β ± SE = -0.012 ± 0.004, p < 0.05). We also found that expressive communication and fine motor performance at 6 months were negatively associated with maternal diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) levels in the 3rd trimester (β ± SE = -0.047 ± 0.016, p < 0.05, and β ± SE = -0.044 ± 0.017, p < 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that maternal ethylated OP concentrations at different timing of exposure during pregnancy may influence different aspects of infant developmental performance.
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Parvaz S, Taheri-Ledari R, Esmaeili MS, Rabbani M, Maleki A. A brief survey on the advanced brain drug administration by nanoscale carriers: With a particular focus on AChE reactivators. Life Sci 2019; 240:117099. [PMID: 31760098 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Obviously, delivery of the medications to the brain is more difficult than other tissues due to the existence of a strong obstacle, which is called blood-brain barrier (BBB). Because of the lipophilic nature of this barrier, it would be a complex (and in many cases impossible) process to cross the medications with hydrophilic behavior from BBB and deliver them to the brain. Thus, novel intricate drug-carriers in nano scales have been recently developed and suitably applied for this purpose. One of the most important categories of these hydrophilic medications, are reactivators for acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) enzyme that facilitates the breakdown of acetylcholine (as a neurotransmitter). The AChE function is inhibited by organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents that are extremely used in military conflicts. In this review, the abilities of the nanosized drug delivery systems to perform as suitable vehicles for AChE reactivators are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Parvaz
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Reza Taheri-Ledari
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Esmaeili
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Rabbani
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
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Miller JV, LeBouf RF, Kelly KA, Michalovicz LT, Ranpara A, Locker AR, Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP. The Neuroinflammatory Phenotype in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness is Unrelated to Brain Regional Levels of Acetylcholine as Measured by Quantitative HILIC-UPLC-MS/MS. Toxicol Sci 2019; 165:302-313. [PMID: 29846716 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War (GW) returned with a chronic multisymptom illness that has been termed Gulf War Illness (GWI). Previous GWI studies have suggested that exposure to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) in theater, such as sarin and/or pesticides, may have contributed to the symptomatology of GWI. Additionally, concomitant high physiological stress experienced during the war may have contributed to the initiation of the GWI phenotype. Although inhibition of AChE leading to accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) will activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, the signature symptomatology of GWI has been shown to be associated with neuroinflammation. To investigate the relationship between ACh and neuroinflammation in discrete brain regions, we used our previously established mouse model of GWI, which combines an exposure to a high physiological stress mimic, corticosterone (CORT), with GW-relevant AChEIs. The AChEIs used in this study were diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO), and physostigmine (PHY). After AChEI exposure, ACh concentrations for cortex (CTX), hippocampus (HIP), and striatum (STR) were determined using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry (MS/MS). CORT pretreatment ameliorated the DFP-induced ACh increase in HIP and STR, but not CTX. CORT pretreatment did not significantly alter ACh levels for CPO and PHY. Further analysis of STR neuroinflammatory biomarkers revealed an exacerbated CORT + AChEI response, which does not correspond to measured brain ACh. By utilizing this new analytical method for discrete brain region analysis of ACh, this work suggests the exacerbated neuroinflammatory effects in our mouse model of GWI are not driven by the accumulation of brain region-specific ACh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan F LeBouf
- Respiratory Health Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
| | | | | | - Anand Ranpara
- Respiratory Health Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
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Piel C, Pouchieu C, Carles C, Béziat B, Boulanger M, Bureau M, Busson A, Grüber A, Lecluse Y, Migault L, Renier M, Rondeau V, Schwall X, Tual S, Pierre L, Baldi I. Agricultural exposures to carbamate herbicides and fungicides and central nervous system tumour incidence in the cohort AGRICAN. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104876. [PMID: 31344646 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides exposures could be implicated in the excess of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors observed in farmers, but evidence concerning individual pesticides remains limited. Carbamate derivative pesticides, including herbicides and fungicides (i.e. (thio/dithio)-carbamates), have shown evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental studies in animals. In the French AGRICAN cohort, we assessed the associations between potential exposures to carbamate herbicides and fungicides and the incidence of CNS tumors, overall and by histological subtype. METHODS AGRICAN enrolled 181,842 participants involved in agriculture. Incident CNS tumors were identified by linkage with cancer registries from enrollment (2005-2007) until 2013. Individual exposures were assessed by combining information on lifetime periods of pesticide use on crops and the French crop-exposure matrix PESTIMAT, for each of the 14 carbamate and thiocarbamate herbicides and the 16 carbamate and dithiocarbamate fungicides registered in France since 1950. Associations were estimated using proportional hazard models with age as the underlying timescale, adjusting for gender, educational level and smoking. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 6.9 years, 381 incident cases of CNS tumors occurred, including 164 gliomas and 134 meningiomas. Analyses showed increased risks of CNS tumors with overall exposure to carbamate fungicides (Hazard Ratio, HR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.27-2.79) and, to a lesser extent, to carbamate herbicides (HR = 1.44; 95% CI: 0.94-2.22). Positive associations were observed with specific carbamates, including some fungicides (mancozeb, maneb, metiram) and herbicides (chlorpropham, propham, diallate) already suspected of being carcinogens in humans. CONCLUSIONS Although some associations need to be corroborate in further studies and should be interpreted cautiously, these findings provide additional carcinogenicity evidence for several carbamate fungicides and herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Piel
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Pouchieu
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Carles
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France
| | - Béatrix Béziat
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Boulanger
- INSERM, U1086 Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Mathilde Bureau
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Busson
- INSERM, U1086 Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Anne Grüber
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yannick Lecluse
- INSERM, U1086 Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Lucile Migault
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Renier
- INSERM, U1086 Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Virginie Rondeau
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Schwall
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Séverine Tual
- INSERM, U1086 Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Lebailly Pierre
- INSERM, U1086 Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France.
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15
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Wang X, Meng X, Wu Q, Wang C, Wang Z. Solid phase extraction of carbamate pesticides with porous organic polymer as adsorbent followed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1600:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Bhilwadikar T, Pounraj S, Manivannan S, Rastogi NK, Negi PS. Decontamination of Microorganisms and Pesticides from Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: A Comprehensive Review from Common Household Processes to Modern Techniques. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1003-1038. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmayee Bhilwadikar
- Dept. of Fruit and Vegetable TechnologyCSIR ‐ Central Food Technological Research Inst. Mysuru 570020 India
| | - Saranya Pounraj
- Dept. of Fruit and Vegetable TechnologyCSIR ‐ Central Food Technological Research Inst. Mysuru 570020 India
| | - S. Manivannan
- Dept. of Food Protectant and Infestation ControlCSIR ‐ Central Food Technological Research Inst. Mysuru 570020 India
| | - N. K. Rastogi
- Dept. of Food EngineeringCSIR ‐ Central Food Technological Research Inst. Mysuru 570020 India
| | - P. S. Negi
- Dept. of Fruit and Vegetable TechnologyCSIR ‐ Central Food Technological Research Inst. Mysuru 570020 India
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17
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Alfonso M, Durán R, Fajardo D, Justo L, Faro LR. Mechanisms of action of paraoxon, an organophosphorus pesticide, on in vivo dopamine release in conscious and freely moving rats. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:130-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Ferri GM, Cavone D, Dambrosio M, Intranuovo G, Schiavulli N, Birtolo F, Vilardi V, Delfino MC, Macinagrossa L, Corrado V, Vimercati L. Lymphocytes DNA damages and exposure to chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, penconazole, copper oxicloride. Biomarkers 2018; 24:186-198. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1539766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Maria Ferri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section “B. Ramazzini”, University Hospital “Policlinico”, Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Cavone
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section “B. Ramazzini”, University Hospital “Policlinico”, Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcantonio Dambrosio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section “B. Ramazzini”, University Hospital “Policlinico”, Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Intranuovo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section “B. Ramazzini”, University Hospital “Policlinico”, Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzia Schiavulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section “B. Ramazzini”, University Hospital “Policlinico”, Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Birtolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section “B. Ramazzini”, University Hospital “Policlinico”, Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Vilardi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section “B. Ramazzini”, University Hospital “Policlinico”, Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Celeste Delfino
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section “B. Ramazzini”, University Hospital “Policlinico”, Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Linda Macinagrossa
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section “B. Ramazzini”, University Hospital “Policlinico”, Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corrado
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section “B. Ramazzini”, University Hospital “Policlinico”, Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section “B. Ramazzini”, University Hospital “Policlinico”, Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Piel C, Pouchieu C, Migault L, Béziat B, Boulanger M, Bureau M, Carles C, Grüber A, Lecluse Y, Rondeau V, Schwall X, Tual S, Lebailly P, Baldi I, Arveux P, Bara S, Bouvier AM, Busquet T, Colonna M, Coureau G, Delanoé M, Grosclaude P, Guizard AV, Herbrecht P, Laplante JJ, Lapotre-Ledoux B, Launoy G, Lenoir D, Marrer E, Marcotullio E, Maynadié M, Molinié F, Monnereau A, Paumier A, Pouzet P, Thibaudier JM, Troussard X, Velten M, Wavelet E, Woronoff AS. Increased risk of central nervous system tumours with carbamate insecticide use in the prospective cohort AGRICAN. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 48:512-526. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Pouchieu
- EPICENE Team
- Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Mathilde Boulanger
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | | | - Camille Carles
- EPICENE Team
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Grüber
- EPICENE Team
- Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yannick Lecluse
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Séverine Tual
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Lebailly
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- EPICENE Team
- Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France
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20
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Avci B, Bilge SS, Arslan G, Alici O, Darakci O, Baratzada T, Ciftcioglu E, Yardan T, Bozkurt A. Protective effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on organophosphate poisoning. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 34:69-82. [PMID: 29141517 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717737646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to study the possible preventive effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a dietary omega-3 fatty acid, on toxicity caused by chlorpyrifos (CPF). Six groups of Sprague Dawley rats (200-250 g) consisting of equal numbers of males and females (n = 8) were assigned to study. The rats were orally given for 5 days. The control group was administered pure olive oil, which was the vehicle for CPF. The CPF challenge groups were administered oral physiological saline, pure olive oil, or DHA (50, 100 and 400 mg/kg dosages) for 5 days. The animals were weighed on the sixth day and then administered CPF (279 mg/kg, subcutaneously). The rats were weighed again 24 h following CPF administration. The body temperatures and locomotor activities of the rats were also measured. Blood samples, brain and liver tissues were collected for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. A comparison with the control group demonstrated that CPF administration increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in blood, brain and liver, while it reduced catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) concentrations ( p < 0.05-0.001). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) increased only in the brain ( p < 0.001). DHA reduced these changes in MDA and AOPP values ( p < 0.05-0.001), while it increased CAT, SOD and GPx concentrations ( p < 0.05-0.001). Similarly, DHA prevented the decreases in body weight, body temperature and locomotor activities caused by CPF at 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dosages ( p < 0.05-0.001). Similar to the physiological and biochemical changes, the histopathological damage scores, which increased with CPF ( p < 0.05-0.01), decreased at all three dosages of DHA ( p < 0.05-0.01). Our findings suggest that DHA, by supporting the antioxidant mechanism, reduces toxicity caused by CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahattin Avci
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - S Sirri Bilge
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Arslan
- 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Omer Alici
- 4 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ozge Darakci
- 5 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Turkhan Baratzada
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Engin Ciftcioglu
- 6 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Turker Yardan
- 7 Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Bozkurt
- 5 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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22
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Durán-Riveroll LM, Cembella AD. Guanidinium Toxins and Their Interactions with Voltage-Gated Sodium Ion Channels. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E303. [PMID: 29027912 PMCID: PMC5666411 DOI: 10.3390/md15100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinium toxins, such as saxitoxin (STX), tetrodotoxin (TTX) and their analogs, are naturally occurring alkaloids with divergent evolutionary origins and biogeographical distribution, but which share the common chemical feature of guanidinium moieties. These guanidinium groups confer high biological activity with high affinity and ion flux blockage capacity for voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV). Members of the STX group, known collectively as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are produced among three genera of marine dinoflagellates and about a dozen genera of primarily freshwater or brackish water cyanobacteria. In contrast, toxins of the TTX group occur mainly in macrozoa, particularly among puffer fish, several species of marine invertebrates and a few terrestrial amphibians. In the case of TTX and analogs, most evidence suggests that symbiotic bacteria are the origin of the toxins, although endogenous biosynthesis independent from bacteria has not been excluded. The evolutionary origin of the biosynthetic genes for STX and analogs in dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria remains elusive. These highly potent molecules have been the subject of intensive research since the latter half of the past century; first to study the mode of action of their toxigenicity, and later as tools to characterize the role and structure of NaV channels, and finally as therapeutics. Their pharmacological activities have provided encouragement for their use as therapeutants for ion channel-related pathologies, such as pain control. The functional role in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems for both groups of toxins is unproven, although plausible mechanisms of ion channel regulation and chemical defense are often invoked. Molecular approaches and the development of improved detection methods will yield deeper understanding of their physiological and ecological roles. This knowledge will facilitate their further biotechnological exploitation and point the way towards development of pharmaceuticals and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena M Durán-Riveroll
- CONACYT-Instituto de Ciencias del Mary Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico 04510, Mexico.
| | - Allan D Cembella
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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Christen V, Rusconi M, Crettaz P, Fent K. Developmental neurotoxicity of different pesticides in PC-12 cells in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 325:25-36. [PMID: 28385489 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The detection of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of chemicals has high relevance for protection of human health. However, DNT of many pesticides is only little known. Furthermore, validated in vitro systems for assessment of DNT are not well established. Here we employed the rat phaeochromocytoma cell line PC-12 to evaluate DNT of 18 frequently used pesticides of different classes, including neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, organophosphates, organochlorines, as well as quaternary ammonium compounds, the organic compound used in pesticides, piperonyl butoxide, as well as the insect repellent diethyltoluamide (DEET). We determined the outgrowth of neurites in PC-12 cells co-treated with nerve growth factor and different concentrations of biocides for 5days. Furthermore, we determined transcriptional alterations of selected genes that may be associated with DNT, such as camk2α and camk2β, gap-43, neurofilament-h, tubulin-α and tubulin-β. Strong and dose- dependent inhibition of neurite outgrowth was induced by azamethiphos and chlorpyrifos, and dieldrin and heptachlor, which was correlated with up-regulation of gap-43. No or only weak effects on neurite outgrowth and transcriptional alterations occurred for neonicotinoids acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, the pyrethroids λ-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin, the biocidal disinfectants C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium (BAC), benzalkonium chloride and barquat (dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride), and piperonyl butoxide and DEET. Our study confirms potential developmental neurotoxicity of some pesticides and provides first evidence that azamethiphos has the potential to act as a developmental neurotoxic compound. We also demonstrate that inhibition of neurite outgrowth and transcriptional alterations of gap-43 expression correlate, which suggests the employment of gap-43 expression as a biomarker for detection and initial evaluation of potential DNT of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Christen
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Rusconi
- Federal Office of Public Health, Division Chemical Products, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Crettaz
- Federal Office of Public Health, Division Chemical Products, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich), Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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24
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Xu MY, Wang P, Sun YJ, Yang L, Wu YJ. Joint toxicity of chlorpyrifos and cadmium on the oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in neuronal cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:246-252. [PMID: 28286310 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides and heavy metals can be easily biomagnified in food chains and bioaccumulated in individuals, thus pose significant threat to human health. However, their joint toxicity for long-term exposure at low dose has not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we investigated the oxidative damages in brain of rats exposed subchronically to organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and heavy metal cadmium (Cd), and their mixtures at the environmentally relevant doses. Rats were given different doses of CPF and Cd by oral gavage for three months. After treatment, brain tissues were subjected for biochemical analysis. Mitochondrial damage and reactive oxidative species were also measured in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with CPF, Cd and their mixtures. The results showed that CPF and Cd generated protein and lipid peroxidation, disturbed the total antioxidant capability, and altered mitochondria ultrastructure in the brain. Lipids and proteins were sensitive to the oxidative damage induced by CPF and Cd. CPF and Cd decreased mitochondrial potential and induced reactive oxygen species in SH-SY5Y cells. However, the mixture did not display higher toxicity than the sum of that of the individual treatments. Thus, CPF and Cd could have a potential antagonistic interaction on the induction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Pan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Ying-Jian Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lin Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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O'Neill K, Musgrave IF, Humpage A. Low dose extended exposure to saxitoxin and its potential neurodevelopmental effects: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:7-16. [PMID: 27716534 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Saxitoxin (STX) and its analogs, the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are a group of potent neurotoxins well known for their role in acute paralytic poisoning by preventing the generation of action potentials in neuronal cells. They are found in both marine and freshwater environments globally and although acute exposure from the former has previously received more attention, low dose extended exposure from both sources is possible and to date has not been investigated. Given the known role of cellular electrical activity in neurodevelopment this pattern of exposure may be a significant public health concern. Additionally, the presence of PSTs is likely to be an ongoing and possibly increasing problem in the future. This review examines the neurodevelopmental toxicity of STX, the risk of extended or repeated exposure to doses with neurodevelopmental effects, the potential implications of this exposure and briefly, the steps taken and difficulties faced in preventing exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie O'Neill
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 3 Medical School South, Frome Rd, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Ian F Musgrave
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 3 Medical School South, Frome Rd, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Andrew Humpage
- Australian Water Quality Center, SA Water House, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide, 5000, South Australia, Australia.
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Mohammadi M, Zare Z, Allah-Moradi E, Vaezi N, Valadan R, Tehrani M. Alterations in mRNA and protein expression of glutamate transporters in rat hippocampus after paraoxon exposure. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:251-257. [PMID: 27769869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates affect brain function through a variety of mechanisms beyond their shared role as cholinesterase inhibitors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the changes in the expression of glial (GLAST and GLT-1) and neuronal (EAAC1) glutamate transporters at mRNA and protein levels in paraoxon-treated rat hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with either vehicle (corn oil) or one of three dosages of paraoxon (0.3, 0.7 or 1mg/kg). After 4 or 18h, both hippocampi of each rat were collected to detect mRNA and protein expression of glutamate transporters using the quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Animals treated with 0.3mg/kg paraoxon showed no difference in mRNA and protein levels of the glutamate transporters when compared with control group. At 4h after exposure with 0.7 and 1mg/kg paraoxon, the expression of GLAST and GLT-1 increased at mRNA and protein levels and remained elevated after 18h. No difference in the expression of EAAC1 at mRNA and protein levels was observed in any paraoxon-treated groups compared with the control group. This study showed an increased expression of glial (GLAST and GLT-1), but not neuronal (EAAC1) glutamate transporters, in adult rat hippocampus following administration of convulsive dosages of paraoxon. These suggest a protective and compensatory adaptation for effective uptake of glutamate in hippocampus induced by paraoxon and thus attenuating seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zohreh Zare
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Allah-Moradi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Narges Vaezi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Valadan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tehrani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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27
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Zeljezic D, Vrdoljak AL, Kopjar N, Radic B, Milkovic Kraus S. Cholinesterase-inhibiting and genotoxic effects of acute carbofuran intoxication in man: a case report. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 103:329-35. [PMID: 18699799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbofuran belongs to the group of N-methylcarbamate insecticides used for the control of soil-dwelling and foliar-feeding insects in various crops; its consumption totals approximately 20,000 tonnes per year. Although the neurological effects on human beings have been well documented, little is known on its impact on the genome. A 38-year-old, healthy male worker employed in a carbofuran production facility accidentally inhaled the dust of the active ingredient carbofuran. Thirty minutes later, he experienced weakness, fatigue, perspiration, breathing difficulties, cephalalgia, disorientation, abdominal pain and vomiting. Blood samples were taken to measure cholinesterase activity, and to perform the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus assay combined with pancentromeric probes. Analyses were repeated 72 hr after intoxication and compared with the results obtained from regular monitoring conducted 10 days prior to the accident. Cholinesterase activity showed the highest correlation with the number of apoptotic cells, comet assay tail length, and number of long-tailed nuclei, suggesting that these are the genomic end-points primarily affected by carbofuran intake. Only a weak correlation was detected for the total number of micronuclei, centromere-containing micronuclei and nuclear buds. Since those end-points increased significantly 72 hr after the accident, they could be considered as late biomarkers of the effects of carbofuran intoxication. The results of this report suggest that, in the interests of higher standards in risk assessment and health hazard protection, periodical medical examination of carbamate-exposed populations should include genotoxicity testing in addition to the assessment of cholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Zeljezic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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28
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Rauh VA, Margolis AE. Research Review: Environmental exposures, neurodevelopment, and child mental health - new paradigms for the study of brain and behavioral effects. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:775-93. [PMID: 26987761 PMCID: PMC4914412 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures play a critical role in the genesis of some child mental health problems. METHODS We open with a discussion of children's vulnerability to neurotoxic substances, changes in the distribution of toxic exposures, and cooccurrence of social and physical exposures. We address trends in prevalence of mental health disorders, and approaches to the definition of disorders that are sensitive to the subtle effects of toxic exposures. We suggest broadening outcomes to include dimensional measures of autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and child learning capacity, as well as direct assessment of brain function. FINDINGS We consider the impact of two important exposures on children's mental health: lead and pesticides. We argue that longitudinal research designs may capture the cascading effects of exposures across biological systems and the full-range of neuropsychological endpoints. Neuroimaging is a valuable tool for observing brain maturation under varying environmental conditions. A dimensional approach to measurement may be sensitive to subtle subclinical toxic effects, permitting the development of exposure-related profiles and testing of complex functional relationships between brain and behavior. Questions about the neurotoxic effects of chemicals become more pressing when viewed through the lens of environmental justice. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in the burden of child mental health disorders will require longitudinal study of neurotoxic exposures, incorporating dimensional approaches to outcome assessment, and measures of brain function. Research that seeks to identify links between toxic exposures and mental health outcomes has enormous public health and societal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Rauh
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy E Margolis
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Romero A, Ramos E, Ares I, Castellano V, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Fipronil sulfone induced higher cytotoxicity than fipronil in SH-SY5Y cells: Protection by antioxidants. Toxicol Lett 2016; 252:42-9. [PMID: 27067106 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is a broad spectrum insecticide from the phenyl pyrazole family, which targets GABA receptor. Limited information is available about the metabolite fipronil sulfone cytotoxic actions. This study examined in vitro neurotoxicity of fipronil and fipronil sulfone and evaluated Trolox (vitamin E analog) (0.3, 1μM), N-acetyl-cysteine (0.5, 1mM), melatonin (0.1, 1μM) and Tempol (superoxide dismutase analog) (0.3, 0.5mM) protective role in SH-SY5Y cells. MTT and LDH assays were carried out to assess the cytotoxicity of fipronil and fipronil sulfone at 3-100μM concentrations. Fipronil sulfone was more toxic than fipronil. Tempol showed the best neuroprotectant profile against fipronil (50 and 150μM) and fipronil sulfone (3 and 10μM) reaching control levels. Fipronil (100μM) and fipronil sulfone (3μM) treatments induced a 4.7- and 5-fold increases in lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) and a 2.2- and 2.0-fold increases in the levels of nitric oxide (NO). These results suggest that oxidative stress observed may be one of the major mechanisms of fipronil-induced neurotoxicity and it may be attributed in part to fipronil disposition and metabolism. Our results led us postulate that metabolite fipronil sulfone might be responsible for the fipronil-induced toxicity rather than fipronil itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romero
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Ramos
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Ares
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V Castellano
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martínez
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M R Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Anadón
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M A Martínez
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Perkins MW, Wong B, Rodriguez A, Devorak JL, Dao TT, Leuschner JA, Kan RK, Sciuto AM. Vapor inhalation exposure to soman in conscious untreated rats: preliminary assessment of neurotoxicity. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 28:14-21. [PMID: 26711353 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1125973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurological toxicity and brain injury following vapor inhalation exposure to the chemical warfare nerve agent (CWNA) soman (GD) were examined in untreated non-anesthetized rats. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g) were exposed to 600 mg × min/m(3) of soman or vehicle in a customized head-out inhalation system for 7 min. Convulsant animals were observed for clinical signs and various regions of the brain (dorsolateral thalamus, basolateral amygdala, piriform cortex, and lateral cortex) were collected for pathological observations 24 h post-exposure. Signs of CWNA-induced cholinergic crises including salivation, lacrimation, increased urination and defecation, and tremors were observed in all soman-exposed animals. Soman-exposed animals at 24 h post-exposure lost 11% of their body weight in comparison to 2% in vehicle-exposed animals. Whole blood acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was significantly inhibited in all soman-exposed groups in comparison to controls. Brain injury was confirmed by the neurological assessment of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and microscopy in the piriform cortex, dorsolateral thalamus, basolateral amygdala, and lateral cortex. Severe damage including prominent lesions, edematous, congested, and/or hemorrhagic tissues was observed in the piriform cortex, dorsolateral thalamus, and lateral cortex in soman-exposed animals 24 h post-exposure, while only minimal damage was observed in the basolateral amygdala. These results indicate that inhalation exposure to soman vapor causes neurological toxicity and brain injury in untreated unanesthetized rats. This study demonstrates the ability of the described soman vapor inhalation exposure model to cause neurological damage 24 h post-exposure in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Perkins
- a Analytical Toxicology Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense , Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD , USA
| | - Benjamin Wong
- a Analytical Toxicology Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense , Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD , USA
| | - Ashley Rodriguez
- a Analytical Toxicology Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense , Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD , USA
| | - Jennifer L Devorak
- a Analytical Toxicology Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense , Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD , USA
| | - Thuy T Dao
- a Analytical Toxicology Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense , Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD , USA
| | - Jessica A Leuschner
- a Analytical Toxicology Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense , Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD , USA
| | - Robert K Kan
- a Analytical Toxicology Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense , Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD , USA
| | - Alfred M Sciuto
- a Analytical Toxicology Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense , Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD , USA
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31
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Park JH, Ko J, Hwang J, Koh HC. Dynamin-related protein 1 mediates mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in chlorpyrifos-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Neurotoxicology 2015; 51:145-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ganjuri M, Moshtaghian J, Ghaedi K. Effect of Nanosilver Particles on Procaspase-3 Expression in Newborn Rat Brain. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 17:489-93. [PMID: 26464820 PMCID: PMC4601869 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective Nanotechnology focuses on materials having at least one dimension of less
than 100 nanometers. Nanomaterials such as Nanosilver (NS) have unique physical and
chemical properties such as size, shape, surface charge. NS particles are thought to in-
duce neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the brain. It has been reported that NS parti-
cles generate free radicals and oxidative stress which alters gene expression and induces
apoptosis. This study was designed to evaluate whether the detrimental effect of NS parti-
cles is through the activation of Procaspase-3 during fetal neural development.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, thirty Wistar female rats at day one of
pregnancy were semi-randomly distributed into three groups of ten. Group 1, the control
group, had no treatment. From day 1 to the end of pregnancy, groups 2 and 3 received 1
and 10 ppm NS respectively via drinking water. Newborn rats were sacrificed immediately
after birth and their brains were dissected and kept frozen. Total RNA, extracted from brain
homogenates, was reverse transcribed to cDNA. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) analysis was undertaken to estimate the expression level of Procaspase-3.
Results Developmental exposure to NS induced neurotoxicity and apoptosis. This corre-
lated with a significant increase in Procaspase-3 expression level especially at 10 ppm NS.
Conclusion The pro-apoptotic activity of NS in cells is likely to due to the dysregula-
tion of Procaspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ganjuri
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jamal Moshtaghian
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran ; Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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Bussy C, Al-Jamal KT, Boczkowski J, Lanone S, Prato M, Bianco A, Kostarelos K. Microglia Determine Brain Region-Specific Neurotoxic Responses to Chemically Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7815-7830. [PMID: 26043308 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface tunability and their ability to translocate plasma membranes make chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) promising intracellular delivery systems for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes in the central nervous system (CNS). The present study aimed to determine the biological impact of different types of multiwalled CNTs (MWNTs) on primary neuronal and glial cell populations isolated from fetal rat frontal cortex (FCO) and striatum (ST). Neurons from both brain regions were generally not affected by exposure to MWNTs as determined by a modified LDH assay. In contrast, the viability of mixed glia was reduced in ST-derived mixed glial cultures, but not in FCO-derived ones. Cytotoxicity was independent of MWNT type or dose, suggesting an inherent sensitivity to CNTs. Characterization of the cell populations in mixed glial cultures prior to nanotube exposure showed higher number of CD11b/c positive cells in the ST-derived mixed glial cultures. After exposure to MWNTs, CNT were uptaken more effectively by CD11b/c positive cells (microglia), compared to GFAP positive cells (astrocytes). When exposed to conditioned media from microglia enriched cultures exposed to MWNTs, ST-derived glial cultures secreted more NO than FCO-derived cells. These results suggested that the more significant cytotoxic response obtained from ST-derived mixed glia cultures was related to the higher number of microglial cells in this brain region. Our findings emphasize the role that resident macrophages of the CNS play in response to nanomaterials and the need to thoroughly investigate the brain region-specific effects toward designing implantable devices or delivery systems to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences & National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester , AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London , Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London , Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale , Créteil F-94010 , France
- Université Paris Est Val de Marne (UPEC) , Créteil F-94010, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Service de Physiologie Explorations Fonctionnelles , Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Sophie Lanone
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale , Créteil F-94010 , France
- Université Paris Est Val de Marne (UPEC) , Créteil F-94010, France
- Hôpital Intercommunal de Créteil , Service de Pneumologie et Pathologie Professionnelle, Créteil F-94000, France
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire , UPR 3572, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences & National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester , AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London , Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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Zhou Q, Fang Z. Graphene-modified TiO2 nanotube arrays as an adsorbent in micro-solid phase extraction for determination of carbamate pesticides in water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 869:43-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang HP, Liang YJ, Sun YJ, Hou WY, Chen JX, Long DX, Xu MY, Wu YJ. Subchronic neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and their combination in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1193-1200. [PMID: 23418109 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anticholinesterase pesticides have been widely used in agricultural and domestic settings and can be detected in the environment after long-term use. Although the acute toxic effects of chlorpyrifos and carbaryl have been well described, little is known about the chronic toxicity of the pesticides mixture. To investigate their chronic neurotoxicity, Wistar rats were exposed to chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and their mixture (MIX) for 90 consecutive days. The activities of serum cholinesterase (ChE) as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE) in nerve tissues were determined. Furthermore, the histopathological examination was carried out. The results showed that ChE activity significantly decreased in all treated rats except the rats treated with low dose carbaryl. Treatment with middle- and high-dose chlorpyrifos and MIX in rats significantly inhibited AChE activity in the central nervous tissues, whereas treatment with carbaryl alone did not. In sciatic nerve, AChE activity was significantly inhibited by high-dose carbaryl and MIX, but not by chlorpyrifos alone. No significant NTE inhibition was observed in all treatment groups. Histopathological examination revealed that both chlorpyrifos and MIX treatment induced hippocampal damage. However, no obvious hippocampal damage was found in carbaryl-treated rats. Carbaryl and MIX, but not chlorpyrifos alone, induced pathological damage of sciatic nerve. Taken together, all of the results indicated that chlorpyrifos and carbaryl have different toxicological target tissues in nervous system and showed corresponding effects in the nervous tissues, which may reflect the different sensitivity of central and peripheral nervous tissues to different pesticides individually and in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
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Carvajal F, Sanchez-Amate MDC, Lerma-Cabrera JM, Cubero I. Effects of a single high dose of Chlorpyrifos in long-term feeding, ethanol consumption and ethanol preference in male Wistar rats with a previous history of continued ethanol drinking. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:425-35. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Carvajal
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Chile
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Almería
| | | | - José Manuel Lerma-Cabrera
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Chile
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Almería
| | - Inmaculada Cubero
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Chile
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Almería
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Chang X, Lu W, Dou T, Wang X, Lou D, Sun X, Zhou Z. Paraquat inhibits cell viability via enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human neural progenitor cells. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:248-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Park JH, Lee JE, Lee SJ, Park SJ, Park KH, Jeong M, Koh HC. Potential autophagy enhancers protect against fipronil-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Trace level determinations of carbamate pesticides in surface water by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after derivatization with 9-xanthydrol. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1305:328-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Han Y, Xu J, Li Z, Yang Z. Neuroprotective effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on antimycin A-induced oxidative injury in differentiated PC12 cells. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 50:577-85. [PMID: 23636893 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As a neurotrophic cytokine, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has neuroendocrine effects and exerts neuroprotective effects on various neuron injuries both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether LIF can protect PC12 cells from antimycin A (AMA)-induced oxidative stress. LIF (0.5 and 1 ng/ml) increased PC12 cell viability and significantly attenuated AMA-induced cell death as demonstrated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results from Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry assay showed that AMA induced apoptosis significantly in PC12 cells, while pretreatment with LIF (0.5 and 1 ng/ml) can attenuate this injury. The presence of LIF partly prevented AMA-induced elevated reactive oxygen species level and decreased superoxide dismutase level, which indicated the antioxidative effects of LIF on the neuron oxidative injury. In conclusion, LIF might protect PC12 cells from the injury induced by AMA through the downregulation of oxidative stress, which may provide basic information of using LIF as a potential targeted therapy for oxidative injury in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangguang Han
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Lima CS, Dutra-Tavares AC, Nunes F, Nunes-Freitas AL, Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Filgueiras CC, Manhães AC, Meyer A, Abreu-Villaça Y. Methamidophos exposure during the early postnatal period of mice: immediate and late-emergent effects on the cholinergic and serotonergic systems and behavior. Toxicol Sci 2013; 134:125-39. [PMID: 23596261 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) are among the most used pesticides. Although some OPs have had their use progressively more restricted, other OPs are being used without sufficient investigation of their effects. Here, we investigated the immediate neurochemical and delayed neurochemical and behavioral actions of the OP methamidophos to verify whether there are concerns regarding exposure during early postnatal development. From the third to the nineth postnatal day (PN), Swiss mice were sc injected with methamidophos (1mg/kg). At PN10, we assessed cholinergic and serotonergic biomarkers in the cerebral cortex and brainstem. From PN60 to PN63, mice were submitted to a battery of behavioral tests and subsequently to biochemical analyses. At PN10, the effects were restricted to females and to the cholinergic system: Methamidophos promoted increased choline transporter binding in the brainstem. At PN63, in the brainstem, there was a decrease in choline transporter, a female-only decrease in 5HT1A and a male-only increase in 5HT2 receptor binding. In the cortex, choline acetyltransferase activity was decreased and 5HT2 receptor binding was increased both in males and females. Methamidophos elicited behavioral alterations, suggestive of increased depressive-like behavior and impaired decision making. There were no significant alterations on anxiety-related measures and on memory/learning. Methamidophos elicited cholinergic and serotonergic alterations that depended on brain region, sex, and age of the animals. These outcomes, together with the behavioral effects, indicate that this OP is deleterious to the developing brain and that alterations are indeed identified long after the end of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Acute administration of l-tyrosine alters energetic metabolism of hippocampus and striatum of infant rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:303-7. [PMID: 23602810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II is an inborn error of metabolism caused by mutations in the gene that encodes tyrosine aminotransferase, which leads to increased blood tyrosine levels. Considering that tyrosine levels are highly elevated in fluids of patients with tyrosinemia type II, and that previous studies demonstrated significant alterations in brain energy metabolism of young rats caused by l-tyrosine, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of acute administration of l-tyrosine on the activities of citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, II-III, and IV in posterior cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of infant rats. Wistar rats (10 days old) were killed 1h after a single intraperitoneal injection of tyrosine (500 mg/kg) or saline. The activities of energy metabolism enzymes were evaluated in brain of rats. Our results demonstrated that acute administration of l-tyrosine inhibited the activity of citrate synthase activity in striatum and increased the activities of malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in hippocampus. On the other hand, these enzymes were not affected in posterior cortex. The activities of complex I and complex II were inhibited by acute administration of l-tyrosine in striatum. On the other hand, the acute administration of l-tyrosine increased the activity of activity of complex II-III in hippocampus. Complex IV was not affected by acute administration of l-tyrosine in infant rats. Our results indicate an alteration in the energy metabolism in hippocampus and striatum of infant rats after acute administration of l-tyrosine. If the same effects occur in the brain of the patients, it is possible that energy metabolism impairment may be contribute to possible damage in memory and cognitive processes in patients with tyrosinemia type II.
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Foudoulakis M, Balaskas C, Csato A, Szentes C, Arapis G. Japanese quail acute exposure to methamidophos: experimental design, lethal, sub-lethal effects and cholinesterase biochemical and histochemical expression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 450-451:334-347. [PMID: 23146311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We exposed the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to the organophosphate methamidophos using acute oral test. Mortality and sub-lethal effects were recorded in accordance to internationally accepted protocols. In addition cholinesterases were biochemically estimated in tissues of the quail: brain, liver and plasma. Furthermore, brain, liver and duodenum cryostat sections were processed for cholinesterase histochemistry using various substrates and inhibitors. Mortalities occurred mainly in the first 1-2h following application. Sub-lethal effects, such as ataxia, ruffled feathers, tremor, salivation and reduced or no reaction to external stimuli were observed. Biochemical analysis in the brain, liver and plasma indicates a strong cholinesterase dependent inhibition with respect to mortality and sub-lethal effects of the quail. The histochemical staining also indicated a strong cholinesterase inhibition in the organs examined and the analysis of the stained sections allowed for an estimation and interpretation of the intoxication effects of methamidophos, in combination with tissue morphology visible by Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. We conclude that the use of biochemistry and histochemistry for the biomarker cholinesterase, may constitute a significantly novel approach for understanding the results obtained by the acute oral test employed in order to assess the effects of methamidophos and other chemicals known to inhibit this very important nervous system enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manousos Foudoulakis
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11854, Greece.
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Ki YW, Park JH, Lee JE, Shin IC, Koh HC. JNK and p38 MAPK regulate oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2013; 218:235-45. [PMID: 23416140 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To investigate mechanisms of neuronal cell death in response to chlorpyrifos (CPF), a pesticide, we evaluated the regulation of ROS and COX-2 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with CPF. CPF treatment produced cytotoxic effects that appeared to involve an increase in ROS. In addition, CPF treatment activated MAPK pathways including JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK, and MAPK inhibitors abolished the cytotoxicity and reduced ROS generation. Our data demonstrate that CPF induced apoptosis involving MAPK activation through ROS production. Furthermore, after the CPF treatment, COX-2 expression increased. Interestingly, JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors attenuated the CPF-induced COX-2 expression while an ERK1/2 inhibitor did not. These findings suggest that pathways involving JNK and p38 MAPK, but not ERK1/2, mediated apoptosis and are involved in the inflammatory response. In conclusion, the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways might be critical mediators in CPF-induced neuronal apoptosis by both generating ROS and up-regulating COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Woon Ki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 133-791 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cardona D, López-Granero C, Cañadas F, Llorens J, Flores P, Pancetti F, Sánchez-Santed F. Dose-dependent regional brain acetylcholinesterase and acylpeptide hydrolase inhibition without cell death after chlorpyrifos administration. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:193-203. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cardona
- Departamento de Neurociencia y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Almería,Spain
| | | | - Fernando Cañadas
- Departamento de Neurociencia y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Almería,Spain
| | - Jordi Llorens
- Departament de Ciéncies Fisológiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Flores
- Departamento de Neurociencia y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Almería,Spain
| | - Floria Pancetti
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile
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Kopalli SR, Noh SJ, Koppula S, Suh YH. Methylparaben protects 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and improved behavioral impairments in mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurotoxicology 2012; 34:25-32. [PMID: 23068419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology. Considerable evidence suggests that free radical formation and oxidative stress might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. In the present investigation we evaluated the therapeutic potential of methylparaben (MP) a well known pharmaceutical preservative against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and in a mouse model of PD. At nanomolar concentrations MP (0.01, 0.1 and 1 nM) significantly attenuated the 6-OHDA- and hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The reactive oxygen species generated by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells was also inhibited by MP in a concentration dependent fashion. Further, intranigral damage induced by stereotaxically injecting 6-OHDA in mouse brain was significantly attenuated by MP treatment. MP (1, 10 or 50 μg/kg, i.p.) prevented apomorphine-induced rotational behavior and significantly improved motor deficits in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. The cognitive impairments as evaluated by passive avoidance and Y-maze task in mice were also attenuated by MP concentration dependently. Immunohistochemical analysis of substantia nigra in MP treated mice showed significantly higher number of surviving tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells. Furthermore, MP also suppressed the lipid peroxidation products in 6-OHDA-lesioned mouse brain tissues. Considering the results obtained, the marked neuroprotection exhibited by MP might be attributed to its potent antioxidant property. In conclusion, this study reports the neuroprotective properties of MP in experimental models of PD for the first time and can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kazi AI, Oommen A. The effect of acute severe monocrotophos poisoning on inhibition, expression and activity of acetylcholinesterase in different rat brain regions. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1284-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rajendra Kopalli S, Koppula S, Shin KY, Noh SJ, Jin Q, Hwang BY, Suh YH. SF-6 attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity: an in vitro and in vivo investigation in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:686-694. [PMID: 22902248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Indigofera tinctoria Linn. (I. tinctoria, Fabaceae) has been widely used for several years in the traditional Indian and Chinese system of Medicine for the treatment of epilepsy, nervous and brain disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The effect of SF-6, a compound isolated from I. tinctoria to exhibit neuroprotection in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD), was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, the effect of SF-6 on α-synuclein- or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced cytotoxicity in vitro was investigated. In in vivo studies SF-6 was challenged against 6-OHDA-induced neuronal damage and behavioral deficits in mice. RESULTS SF-6 (1, 5 and 10 μg/mL) significantly inhibited α-synuclein- or 6-OHDA-, H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity and decreased the reactive oxygen species production in SH-SY5Y cells. SF-6 also scavenged hydroxyl free radicals. In in vivo evaluation, SF-6 attenuated the contralateral rotational asymmetry observed by apomorphine challenge in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. Further, the behavioral deficits evaluated by rotarod test, Y-maze and passive avoidance tasks were reversed by SF-6 and was found more potent compared with standard compound deprenyl. CONCLUSION Data suggest that SF-6 showed neuroprotection in experimental models of PD due to its potent antioxidant action supporting the traditional claim for its use in nervous and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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Chlorpyrifos developmental neurotoxicity: interaction with glucocorticoids in PC12 cells. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012; 34:505-12. [PMID: 22796634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal coexposures to glucocorticoids and organophosphate pesticides are widespread. Glucocorticoids are elevated by maternal stress and are commonly given in preterm labor; organophosphate exposures are virtually ubiquitous. We used PC12 cells undergoing neurodifferentiation in order to assess whether dexamethasone enhances the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos, focusing on models relevant to human exposures. By themselves, each agent reduced the number of cells and the combined exposure elicited a correspondingly greater effect than with either agent alone. There was no general cytotoxicity, as cell growth was actually enhanced, and again, the combined treatment evoked greater cellular hypertrophy than with the individual compounds. The effects on neurodifferentiation were more complex. Chlorpyrifos alone had a promotional effect on neuritogenesis whereas dexamethasone impaired it; combined treatment showed an overall impairment greater than that seen with dexamethasone alone. The effect of chlorpyrifos on differentiation into specific neurotransmitter phenotypes was shifted by dexamethasone. Either agent alone promoted differentiation into the dopaminergic phenotype at the expense of the cholinergic phenotype. However, in dexamethasone-primed cells, chlorpyrifos actually enhanced cholinergic neurodifferentiation instead of suppressing this phenotype. Our results indicate that developmental exposure to glucocorticoids, either in the context of stress or the therapy of preterm labor, could enhance the developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates and potentially of other neurotoxicants, as well as producing neurobehavioral outcomes distinct from those seen with either individual agent.
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