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Vega C, Barnafi E, Sánchez C, Acevedo F, Walbaum B, Parada A, Rivas N, Merino T. Calorie Restriction and Time-Restricted Feeding: Effective Interventions in Overweight or Obese Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy Treatment with Curative Intent for Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:477. [PMID: 38398802 PMCID: PMC10892811 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the feasibility of calorie restriction (CR) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) in overweight and obese cancer patients who realized little to no physical activity undergoing curative radiotherapy, structured as a prospective, interventional, non-randomized open-label clinical trial. Of the 27 participants initially enrolled, 21 patients with breast cancer were selected for analysis. The participants self-selected into two dietary interventions: TRF, comprising a sugar and saturated fat-free diet calibrated to individual energy needs consumed within an 8 h eating window followed by a 16 h fast, or CR, involving a 25% reduction in total caloric intake from energy expenditure distributed across 4 meals and 1 snack with 55% carbohydrates, 15% protein, and 30% fats, excluding sugars and saturated fats. The primary goal was to evaluate the feasibility of these diets in the specific patient group. The results indicate that both interventions are effective and statistically significant for weight loss and reducing one's waist circumference, with TRF showing a potentially stronger impact and better adherence. Changes in the LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vega
- Cancer Center UC, Red de Salud Christus-UC, Santiago 8330032, Chile;
| | - Esteban Barnafi
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (E.B.); (N.R.)
| | - César Sánchez
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile; (C.S.); (F.A.); (B.W.)
| | - Francisco Acevedo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile; (C.S.); (F.A.); (B.W.)
| | - Benjamin Walbaum
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile; (C.S.); (F.A.); (B.W.)
| | - Alejandra Parada
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Nicolás Rivas
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (E.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Tomás Merino
- Cancer Center UC, Red de Salud Christus-UC, Santiago 8330032, Chile;
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2
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Margetis AT. Caloric restriction for the management of malignant tumors - from animal studies towards clinical translation. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:1-9. [PMID: 36755497 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, numerous studies have demonstrated that dietary modifications in the form of calory restriction exert beneficial effects in several clinical entities, including aging-related pathologies, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Both as preventive but also as therapeutic modalities, these dietary regimens can impact systemic metabolism, immune and hormonal responses, redox balance and gut microbiota, among others. In the field of oncology, the vast majority of experimental work has explored the role of restricted diets in the prevention of malignant tumors, mostly in carcinogenesis-induced models, with at least encouraging results; on the contrary, less research has been performed in the management of full-blown cancer with ketogenic diet or caloric restriction protocols. Herein, we are aiming to review the relevant preclinical and clinical studies to date that investigate the role of caloric restriction in the treatment of established cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggelos T Margetis
- Internal Medicine-Oncology Residency Program, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece
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3
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Galassi C, Klapp V, Yamazaki T, Galluzzi L. Molecular determinants of immunogenic cell death elicited by radiation therapy. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:20-32. [PMID: 37679959 PMCID: PMC11075037 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergoing immunogenic cell death (ICD) can initiate adaptive immune responses against dead cell-associated antigens, provided that (1) said antigens are not perfectly covered by central tolerance (antigenicity), (2) cell death occurs along with the emission of immunostimulatory cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that actively engage immune effector mechanisms (adjuvanticity), and (3) the microenvironment of dying cells is permissive for the initiation of adaptive immunity. Finally, ICD-driven immune responses can only operate and exert cytotoxic effector functions if the microenvironment of target cancer cells enables immune cell infiltration and activity. Multiple forms of radiation, including non-ionizing (ultraviolet) and ionizing radiation, elicit bona fide ICD as they increase both the antigenicity and adjuvanticity of dying cancer cells. Here, we review the molecular determinants of ICD as elicited by radiation as we critically discuss strategies to reinforce the immunogenicity of cancer cells succumbing to clinically available radiation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Klapp
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Yu H, Zaveri S, Sattar Z, Schaible M, Perez Gandara B, Uddin A, McGarvey LR, Ohlmeyer M, Geraghty P. Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1552. [PMID: 37763671 PMCID: PMC10535831 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
New disease targets and medicinal chemistry approaches are urgently needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a complex heterotrimeric enzyme that regulates dephosphorylation of serine and threonine residues from many proteins, is observed in multiple pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Loss of PP2A responses is linked to many mechanisms associated with disease progressions, such as senescence, proliferation, inflammation, corticosteroid resistance, enhanced protease responses, and mRNA stability. Therefore, chemical restoration of PP2A may represent a novel treatment for these diseases. This review outlines the potential impact of reduced PP2A activity in pulmonary diseases, endogenous and exogenous inhibitors of PP2A, details the possible PP2A-dependent mechanisms observed in these conditions, and outlines potential therapeutic strategies for treatment. Substantial medicinal chemistry efforts are underway to develop therapeutics targeting PP2A activity. The development of specific activators of PP2A that selectively target PP2A holoenzymes could improve our understanding of the function of PP2A in pulmonary diseases. This may lead to the development of therapeutics for restoring normal PP2A responses within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Yu
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Sahil Zaveri
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Zeeshan Sattar
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Michael Schaible
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Brais Perez Gandara
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Anwar Uddin
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Lucas R. McGarvey
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | | | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
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5
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Zheng P, Lin Z, Ding Y, Duan S. Targeting the dynamics of cancer metabolism in the era of precision oncology. Metabolism 2023:155615. [PMID: 37286129 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metabolic reprogramming is a promising target for cancer therapy. The progression of tumors, including their growth, development, metastasis, and spread, is a dynamic process that varies over time and location. This means that the metabolic state of tumors also fluctuates. A recent study found that energy production efficiency is lower in solid tumors but increases significantly in tumor metastasis. Despite its importance for targeted tumor metabolism therapy, few studies have described the dynamic metabolic changes of tumors. In this commentary, we discuss the limitations of past targeted tumor metabolism therapy and the key findings of this study. We also summarize its immediate clinical implications for dietary intervention and explore future research directions for understanding the dynamic changes in tumor metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Zihao Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Yuemin Ding
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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6
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Akingbesote ND, Owusu D, Liu R, Cartmel B, Ferrucci LM, Zupa M, Lustberg MB, Sanft T, Blenman KRM, Irwin ML, Perry RJ. A review of the impact of energy balance on triple-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2023; 2023:104-124. [PMID: 37139977 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells cannot proliferate without sufficient energy to generate biomass for rapid cell division, as well as to fuel their functions at baseline. For this reason, many recent observational and interventional studies have focused on increasing energy expenditure and/or reducing energy intake during and after cancer treatment. The impact of variance in diet composition and in exercise on cancer outcomes has been detailed extensively elsewhere and is not the primary focus of this review. Instead, in this translational, narrative review we examine studies of how energy balance impacts anticancer immune activation and outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We discuss preclinical, clinical observational, and the few clinical interventional studies on energy balance in TNBC. We advocate for the implementation of clinical studies to examine how optimizing energy balance-through changes in diet and/or exercise-may optimize the response to immunotherapy in people with TNBC. It is our conviction that by taking a holistic approach that includes energy balance as a key factor to be considered during and after treatment, cancer care may be optimized, and the detrimental effects of cancer treatment and recovery on overall health may be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngozi D Akingbesote
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dennis Owusu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana
| | - Ryan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cedar Park High School, Cedar Park, TX, USA
| | - Brenda Cartmel
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leah M Ferrucci
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Maryam B Lustberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tara Sanft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kim R M Blenman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Melinda L Irwin
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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7
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Wu H, Ganguly S, Tollefsbol TO. Modulating Microbiota as a New Strategy for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091727. [PMID: 36144329 PMCID: PMC9503838 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women in the United States. There has been an increasing incidence and decreasing mortality rate of BC cases over the past several decades. Many risk factors are associated with BC, such as diet, aging, personal and family history, obesity, and some environmental factors. Recent studies have shown that healthy individuals and BC patients have different microbiota composition, indicating that microbiome is a new risk factor for BC. Gut and breast microbiota alterations are associated with BC prognosis. This review will evaluate altered microbiota populations in gut, breast tissue, and milk of BC patients, as well as mechanisms of interactions between microbiota modulation and BC. Probiotics and prebiotics are commercially available dietary supplements to alleviate side-effects of cancer therapies. They also shape the population of human gut microbiome. This review evaluates novel means of modulating microbiota by nutritional treatment with probiotics and prebiotics as emerging and promising strategies for prevention and treatment of BC. The mechanistic role of probiotic and prebiotics partially depend on alterations in estrogen metabolism, systematic immune regulation, and epigenetics regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sebanti Ganguly
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- University Wide Microbiome Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-934-4573; Fax: +1-205-975-6097
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8
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Golpour M, Alimohammadi M, Sohbatzadeh F, Fattahi S, Bekeschus S, Rafiei A. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment combined with starvation increases autophagy and apoptosis in melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1016-1028. [PMID: 35181947 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in therapy, malignant melanoma remains a fatal disease. Among several emerging approaches to combat cancer, cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) has shown promising results as a novel antitumor agent in preclinical models so far. The technology mainly relies on the emittance of various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) that are tumor-toxic at high concentrations. Moreover, malignant melanoma has a metabolic dimension that can be targeted by mild starvation. To this end, we investigated the combined effect of starvation and CAP treatment on melanoma in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, starvation+CAP led to cell morphology changes, decreased metabolic activity and increased lipid peroxidation accompanied by apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in murine B16 melanoma cells but not murine non-malignant L929 fibroblasts. This was paralleled by increased apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3) and autophagy (Lc3 and Atg5)-related gene expression. In vivo, starvation reduced tumor burden. Combination with CAP treatment augmented this effect significantly, albeit there was no difference of combination treatment to CAP exposure alone. Interestingly, there was an overall greater increase of Lc3 and Atg5 in the tumor tissue compared to CAP exposure alone, while starvation-induced autophagy-related gene expression was similar to in the combination group. These data collectively suggest that CAP-derived ROS/RNS treatment and autophagy-induction augment antitumor effects in malignant melanoma in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Golpour
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Sohbatzadeh
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | | | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Department of Immunology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
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9
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Devericks EN, Carson MS, McCullough LE, Coleman MF, Hursting SD. The obesity-breast cancer link: a multidisciplinary perspective. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:607-625. [PMID: 35752704 PMCID: PMC9470704 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, exceptionally prevalent in the USA, promotes the incidence and progression of numerous cancer types including breast cancer. Complex, interacting metabolic and immune dysregulation marks the development of both breast cancer and obesity. Obesity promotes chronic low-grade inflammation, particularly in white adipose tissue, which drives immune dysfunction marked by increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, alternative macrophage activation, and reduced T cell function. Breast tissue is predominantly composed of white adipose, and developing breast cancer readily and directly interacts with cells and signals from adipose remodeled by obesity. This review discusses the biological mechanisms through which obesity promotes breast cancer, the role of obesity in breast cancer health disparities, and dietary interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of obesity on breast cancer. We detail the intersection of obesity and breast cancer, with an emphasis on the shared and unique patterns of immune dysregulation in these disease processes. We have highlighted key areas of breast cancer biology exacerbated by obesity, including incidence, progression, and therapeutic response. We posit that interception of obesity-driven breast cancer will require interventions that limit protumor signaling from obese adipose tissue and that consider genetic, structural, and social determinants of the obesity–breast cancer link. Finally, we detail the evidence for various dietary interventions to offset obesity effects in clinical and preclinical studies of breast cancer. In light of the strong associations between obesity and breast cancer and the rising rates of obesity in many parts of the world, the development of effective, safe, well-tolerated, and equitable interventions to limit the burden of obesity on breast cancer are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Devericks
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meredith S Carson
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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10
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Mittal A, Nenwani M, Sarangi I, Achreja A, Lawrence TS, Nagrath D. Radiotherapy-induced metabolic hallmarks in the tumor microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:855-869. [PMID: 35750630 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiation is frequently administered for cancer treatment, but resistance or remission remains common. Cancer cells alter their metabolism after radiotherapy to reduce its cytotoxic effects. The influence of altered cancer metabolism extends to the tumor microenvironment (TME), where components of the TME exchange metabolites to support tumor growth. Combining radiotherapy with metabolic targets in the TME can improve therapy response. We review the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells following radiotherapy and put these observations in the context of the TME to describe the metabolic hallmarks of radiotherapy in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mittal
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Minal Nenwani
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Itisam Sarangi
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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11
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Drapela S, Ilter D, Gomes AP. Metabolic reprogramming: a bridge between aging and tumorigenesis. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3295-3318. [PMID: 35666002 PMCID: PMC9490145 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most robust risk factor for cancer development, with more than 60% of cancers occurring in those aged 60 and above. However, how aging and tumorigenesis are intertwined is poorly understood and a matter of significant debate. Metabolic changes are hallmarks of both aging and tumorigenesis. The deleterious consequences of aging include dysfunctional cellular processes, the build‐up of metabolic byproducts and waste molecules in circulation and within tissues, and stiffer connective tissues that impede blood flow and oxygenation. Collectively, these age‐driven changes lead to metabolic reprogramming in different cell types of a given tissue that significantly affects their cellular functions. Here, we put forward the idea that metabolic changes that happen during aging help create a favorable environment for tumorigenesis. We review parallels in metabolic changes that happen during aging and how these changes function both as adaptive mechanisms that enable the development of malignant phenotypes in a cell‐autonomous manner and as mechanisms that suppress immune surveillance, collectively creating the perfect environment for cancers to thrive. Hence, antiaging therapeutic strategies that target the metabolic reprogramming that occurs as we age might provide new opportunities to prevent cancer initiation and/or improve responses to standard‐of‐care anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Drapela
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Didem Ilter
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ana P Gomes
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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12
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Petroni G, Cantley LC, Santambrogio L, Formenti SC, Galluzzi L. Radiotherapy as a tool to elicit clinically actionable signalling pathways in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:114-131. [PMID: 34819622 PMCID: PMC9004227 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A variety of targeted anticancer agents have been successfully introduced into clinical practice, largely reflecting their ability to inhibit specific molecular alterations that are required for disease progression. However, not all malignant cells rely on such alterations to survive, proliferate, disseminate and/or evade anticancer immunity, implying that many tumours are intrinsically resistant to targeted therapies. Radiotherapy is well known for its ability to activate cytotoxic signalling pathways that ultimately promote the death of cancer cells, as well as numerous cytoprotective mechanisms that are elicited by cellular damage. Importantly, many cytoprotective mechanisms elicited by radiotherapy can be abrogated by targeted anticancer agents, suggesting that radiotherapy could be harnessed to enhance the clinical efficacy of these drugs. In this Review, we discuss preclinical and clinical data that introduce radiotherapy as a tool to elicit or amplify clinically actionable signalling pathways in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Chronoradiobiology of Breast Cancer: The Time Is Now to Link Circadian Rhythm and Radiation Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031331. [PMID: 35163264 PMCID: PMC8836288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption has been linked to cancer development, progression, and radiation response. Clinical evidence to date shows that circadian genetic variation and time of treatment affect radiation response and toxicity for women with breast cancer. At the molecular level, there is interplay between circadian clock regulators such as PER1, which mediates ATM and p53-mediated cell cycle gating and apoptosis. These molecular alterations may govern aggressive cancer phenotypes, outcomes, and radiation response. Exploiting the various circadian clock mechanisms may enhance the therapeutic index of radiation by decreasing toxicity, increasing disease control, and improving outcomes. We will review the body’s natural circadian rhythms and clock gene-regulation while exploring preclinical and clinical evidence that implicates chronobiological disruptions in the etiology of breast cancer. We will discuss radiobiological principles and the circadian regulation of DNA damage responses. Lastly, we will present potential rational therapeutic approaches that target circadian pathways to improve outcomes in breast cancer. Understanding the implications of optimal timing in cancer treatment and exploring ways to entrain circadian biology with light, diet, and chronobiological agents like melatonin may provide an avenue for enhancing the therapeutic index of radiotherapy.
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14
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Buqué A, Montrose DC, Galluzzi L. Emergent impact of lifestyle on tumor progression and response to therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 373:ix-xvii. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(22)00132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Manukian G, Kivolowitz C, DeAngelis T, Shastri AA, Savage JE, Camphausen K, Rodeck U, Zarif JC, Simone NL. Caloric Restriction Impairs Regulatory T cells Within the Tumor Microenvironment After Radiation and Primes Effector T cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 110:1341-1349. [PMID: 33647370 PMCID: PMC8286289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are poor and may be improved by increasing CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) to augment antitumor immunity. Radiation (RT) can promote immunogenic cell death with increased antitumor T cell activity but also stimulates suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). Because metabolic alterations affect immune homeostasis and prior studies show caloric restriction (CR) combined with RT improves preclinical TNBC outcomes, we hypothesized that CR augments RT, in part, by altering intratumoral immunity. Using an in vivo model of TNBC, we treated mice with ad libitum (AL) diet, radiation, a CR diet, or CR + RT, and demonstrated an immune suppressive environment with a significant increase in CD4+ CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs after RT but not in CR-fed mice. CD8:Treg ratio in CR + RT TIL increased 4-fold compared with AL + RT mice. In vivo CD8 depletion was performed to assess the role of effector T cells in mitigating the effects of CR, and it was found that in mice undergoing CR, depletion of CD8 T cells resulted in increased tumor progression and decreased median survival compared with isotype control-treated mice. In addition, PD-1 expression on CD3+CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment was significantly increased in CR + RT versus AL + RT treated mice as per immunofluorescence. Serum from breast cancer patients undergoing RT alone or CR and RT was collected pre- and postintervention, and a cytokine array demonstrated that patients treated with CR + RT had notable decreases in immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-2Rγ, IL-10Rβ, and TGF-β2 and 3 compared with patients receiving RT alone. In conclusion, combining CR with RT decreases intratumoral Tregs, increases CD8:Treg, and increases PD-1 expression via a process dependent on CD8 T cells in a TNBC model. Breast cancer patients undergoing CR concurrently with RT also had significant reduction in immunosuppressive cytokine levels compared with those receiving RT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Manukian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles Kivolowitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiziana DeAngelis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anuradha A Shastri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason E Savage
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jelani C Zarif
- Department of Oncology, Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicole L Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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16
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Teng NMY, Price CA, McKee AM, Hall LJ, Robinson SD. Exploring the impact of gut microbiota and diet on breast cancer risk and progression. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:494-504. [PMID: 33521932 PMCID: PMC8650995 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that resident microbiota communities, that is, the microbiota, play a key role in cancer outcomes and anticancer responses. Although this has been relatively well studied in colorectal cancer and melanoma, other cancers, such as breast cancer (BrCa), have been largely overlooked to date. Importantly, many of the environmental factors associated with BrCa incidence and progression are also known to impact the microbiota, for example, diet and antibiotics. Here, we explore BrCa risk factors from large epidemiology studies and microbiota associations, and more recent studies that have directly profiled BrCa patients' gut microbiotas. We also discuss how in vivo studies have begun to unravel the immune mechanisms whereby the microbiota may influence BrCa responses, and finally we examine how diet and specific nutrients are also linked to BrCa outcomes. We also consider future research avenues and important considerations with respect to study design and implementation, and we highlight some of the important unresolved questions, which currently limit our overall understanding of the mechanisms underpinning microbiota-BrCa responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. Y. Teng
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Christopher A. Price
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Alastair M. McKee
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL‐Institute for Food & HealthTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Stephen D. Robinson
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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17
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Investigational Drug Treatments for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070652. [PMID: 34357119 PMCID: PMC8303312 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) and accounts for 10–20% of cases. Due to the lack of expression of several receptors, hormone therapy is largely ineffective for treatment purposes. Nevertheless, TNBC often responds very well to chemotherapy, which constitutes the most often recommended treatment. New beneficial targeted therapies are important to be investigated in order to achieve enhanced outcomes in patients with TNBC. This review will focus on recent therapeutic innovations for TNBC, focusing on various inhibitors such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway inhibitors, poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, aurora kinase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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18
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Kepp O, Bezu L, Yamazaki T, Di Virgilio F, Smyth MJ, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. ATP and cancer immunosurveillance. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108130. [PMID: 34121201 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) occupies a key position in the bioenergetic metabolism of all the cellular compartments that form the tumor microenvironment (TME), extracellular ATP operates as a potent signal transducer. The net effects of purinergic signaling on the biology of the TME depend not only on the specific receptors and cell types involved, but also on the activation status of cis- and trans-regulatory circuitries. As an additional layer of complexity, extracellular ATP is rapidly catabolized by ectonucleotidases, culminating in the accumulation of metabolites that mediate distinct biological effects. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which ATP and its degradation products influence cancer immunosurveillance, with a focus on therapeutically targetable circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kepp
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Lucillia Bezu
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
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19
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Kaul K, Misri S, Ramaswamy B, Ganju RK. Contribution of the tumor and obese microenvironment to triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 509:115-120. [PMID: 33798632 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The growing burden of obesity and incidence of the aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a challenge, especially amongst vulnerable populations with unmet medical needs and higher mortality from breast cancer. While some mechanisms linking obesity and TNBC have been identified, the complex nature of pathogenesis, in both obesity as well as TNBC poses a real challenge in establishing a causative role of obesity in risk of TNBC. In this review article, we discuss pathological mechanisms identified in the tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as the obese microenvironment (OME), such as inflammation, insulin resistance and survival pathways that contribute to the development and progression of TNBC. Insights into the cross-talk between TME and OME, and their contribution to TNBC development and progression, may pave the way for personalized therapies against TNBC progression, relapse and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Kaul
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA; Department of Pathology, USA
| | | | | | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA; Department of Pathology, USA.
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20
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Wang B, Tanaka K, Katsube T, Maruyama K, Ninomiya Y, Varès G, Liu C, Hirakawa H, Murakami M, Fardous Z, Sultana N, Fujita K, Fujimori A, Nakajima T, Nenoi M. Reduced High-Dose Radiation-Induced Residual Genotoxic Damage by Induction of Radioadaptive Response and Prophylactic Mild Dietary Restriction in Mice. Dose Response 2021; 19:1559325820982166. [PMID: 33628149 PMCID: PMC7883164 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820982166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioadaptive response (RAR) describes a phenomenon in a variety of in vitro and in vivo systems that a low-dose of priming ionizing radiation (IR) reduces detrimental effects of a subsequent challenge IR at higher doses. Among in vivo investigations, studies using the mouse RAR model (Yonezawa Effect) showed that RAR could significantly extenuate high-dose IR-induced detrimental effects such as decrease of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells, acute radiation hematopoietic syndrome, genotoxicity and genomic instability. Meanwhile, it has been demonstrated that diet intervention has a great impact on health, and dietary restriction shows beneficial effects on numerous diseases in animal models. In this work, by using the mouse RAR model and mild dietary restriction (MDR), we confirmed that combination of RAR and MDR could more efficiently reduce radiogenotoxic damage without significant change of the RAR phenotype. These findings suggested that MDR may share some common pathways with RAR to activate mechanisms consequently resulting in suppression of genotoxicity. As MDR could also increase resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in normal cells, we propose that combination of MDR, RAR, and other cancer treatments (i.e., chemotherapy and radiotherapy) represent a potential strategy to increase the treatment efficacy and prevent IR risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouichi Maruyama
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ninomiya
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Guillaume Varès
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Cuihua Liu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirakawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zeenath Fardous
- Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, People's Republic of Bangladesh
| | - Nahida Sultana
- Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, People's Republic of Bangladesh
| | - Kazuko Fujita
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakajima
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- Department of Safety Administration, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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21
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Yamazaki T, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G, Pietrocola F. Autophagy in the cancer-immunity dialogue. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 169:40-50. [PMID: 33301821 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is quintessential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in all eukaryotic cells, explaining why both normal and malignant cells benefit from proficient autophagic responses. Moreover, autophagy is intimately involved in the immunological control of malignant transformation, tumor progression and response to therapy. However, the net effect of autophagy activation or inhibition on the natural growth or therapeutic response of tumors evolving in immunocompetent hosts exhibits a considerable degree of context dependency. Here, we discuss the complex cross-talk between autophagy and immuno-oncology as delineated by genetic and pharmacological approaches in mouse models of cancer.
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22
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An individualized food-based nutrition intervention reduces visceral and total body fat while preserving skeletal muscle mass in breast cancer patients under antineoplastic treatment. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4394-4403. [PMID: 33485708 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Breast cancer patients (BCP) during treatment often experience an increase in body weight and fat mass, and a decrease in muscle mass known as sarcopenic obesity, affecting their prognosis and quality of life. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a 6-month individualized food-based nutrition intervention program in nonmetastatic BCP body composition during treatment. METHODS This is a pre-post study in recently diagnosed women with invasive ductal/lobular breast carcinoma (clinical stage I-III). The individualized nutrition intervention was based on the dynamic macronutrient meal equivalent menu method (MEM). Dietary plans were developed according to WCRF/AICR guidelines, BCP total energy expenditure, 1.2-1.5 g/kgBW/d of protein intake, 5-9 servings/day of fruits and vegetables, and a caloric restriction (500-1000 kcal/d) when applicable (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Follow-up was every 2-weeks and a different diet menu was provided in each session during 6 months. Baseline and final measurements included the assessment of anthropometry, body composition, and physical activity. RESULTS Twenty-two participants completed the study and at diagnosis 68% were overweighed or obese. After the 6-month nutrition intervention program, BCP lost 3.1 kg (p < 0.01) of body weight, 2.7 kg (p < 0.01) of fat-mass, 400 g (p < 0.01) of abdominal fat, 118 g (p < 0.05) of visceral fat, 1.2 kg/m2 of body mass index and 1.1 kg/m2 of fat mass index (p < 0.01). During the period, no changes were observed in bone mineral density (p = 0.3), fat-free mass (p = 0.1) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.2). Menopausal status in BCP did not modify the effect of the nutrition intervention. CONCLUSIONS The individualized food-based nutrition intervention program empowered BCP to make informed healthy food choices within their personal preferences, socioeconomic and cultural background. With this type of intervention, nonmetastatic BCP reduced body weight, fat-mass, fat mass index, visceral and abdominal fat, while preserving skeletal muscle mass, during antineoplastic treatment. ClinicalTrials.govNCT03625635.
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Alidadi M, Banach M, Guest PC, Bo S, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The effect of caloric restriction and fasting on cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:30-44. [PMID: 32977005 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most frequent causes of worldwide death and morbidity and is a major public health problem. Although, there are several widely used treatment methods including chemo-, immune- and radiotherapies, these mostly lack sufficient efficiency and induce toxicities in normal surrounding tissues. Thus, finding new approaches to mitigate side effects and potentially accelerate treatment is paramount. In line with this, increasing preclinical evidence indicates that caloric restriction (CR) and fasting might have anticancer effects by reducing tumor progression, enhancing death of cancer cells, and elevating the effectiveness and tolerability of chemo- and radiotherapies. Nonetheless, clinical studies assessing the potential of CR and fasting in cancer are scarce and inconsistent, and more investigations are still required to clarify their effect in different aspects of cancer treatment. In this review, we have summarized the findings of preclinical and clinical studies of CR and fasting with respect to efficacy and on the adverse effects of standard cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alidadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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24
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Pignatta S, Cortesi M, Arienti C, Zanoni M, Cocchi C, Sarnelli A, Arpa D, Piccinini F, Tesei A. Effects of radiotherapy and short-term starvation combination on metastatic and non-tumor cell lines. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102949. [PMID: 32890865 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its discovery in the late 19th century, radiotherapy has been one of the most important medical treatments in oncology. Recently, fasting or short-term starvation (STS) in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy has been studied to determine its potential for enhancing the therapeutic index and for preventing side- effects, but no data are available in the radiotherapy setting. We thus decided to investigate the effects in vitro of STS in combination with radiotherapy in metastatic cancer cells and non-cancer cells. METHODS Cells were incubated in short-term starvation medium (STS medium, 0·5 g/L glucose + 1% FBS) or in control medium (CM medium, 1 g/L glucose + 10 % FBS) for 24 h and then treated with single high-dose radiation. A plexiglass custom-built phantom was used to irradiate cells. DNA damage was evaluated using alkaline comet assay and theCometAnalyser software. The cell surviving fraction was assessed by clonogenic assay. FINDING STS followed by single high-dose radiation significantly increased DNA damage in metastatic cancer cell lines but not in normal cells. Furthermore, STS reduced the surviving fraction of irradiated tumor cells, indicating a good radio-sensitizing effect on metastatic cell lines. This effect was not observed in non-tumor cells. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that STS may alter cellular processes, enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy in metastatic cancer cellsin vitro. Interestingly, STS has radioprotective effect on the survival of healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pignatta
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
| | - Michela Cortesi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudia Cocchi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Sarnelli
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Donatella Arpa
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
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Schrörs B, Boegel S, Albrecht C, Bukur T, Bukur V, Holtsträter C, Ritzel C, Manninen K, Tadmor AD, Vormehr M, Sahin U, Löwer M. Multi-Omics Characterization of the 4T1 Murine Mammary Gland Tumor Model. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1195. [PMID: 32793490 PMCID: PMC7390911 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor models are critical for our understanding of cancer and the development of cancer therapeutics. The 4T1 murine mammary cancer cell line is one of the most widely used breast cancer models. Here, we present an integrated map of the genome, transcriptome, and immunome of 4T1. Results: We found Trp53 (Tp53) and Pik3g to be mutated. Other frequently mutated genes in breast cancer, including Brca1 and Brca2, are not mutated. For cancer related genes, Nav3, Cenpf, Muc5Ac, Mpp7, Gas1, MageD2, Dusp1, Ros, Polr2a, Rragd, Ros1, and Hoxa9 are mutated. Markers for cell proliferation like Top2a, Birc5, and Mki67 are highly expressed, so are markers for metastasis like Msln, Ect2, and Plk1, which are known to be overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC markers are, compared to a mammary gland control sample, lower (Esr1), comparably low (Erbb2), or not expressed at all (Pgr). We also found testis cancer antigen Pbk as well as colon/gastrointestinal cancer antigens Gpa33 and Epcam to be highly expressed. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I is expressed, while MHC class II is not. We identified 505 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and 20 insertions and deletions (indels). Neoantigens derived from 22 SNVs and one deletion elicited CD8+ or CD4+ T cell responses in IFNγ-ELISpot assays. Twelve high-confidence fusion genes were observed. We did not observe significant downregulation of mismatch repair (MMR) genes or SNVs/indels impairing their function, providing evidence for 6-thioguanine resistance. Effects of the integration of the murine mammary tumor virus were observed at the genome and transcriptome level. Conclusions: 4T1 cells share substantial molecular features with human TNBC. As 4T1 is a common model for metastatic tumors, our data supports the rational design of mode-of-action studies for pre-clinical evaluation of targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schrörs
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boegel
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Albrecht
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Bukur
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Valesca Bukur
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Holtsträter
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Ritzel
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Manninen
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arbel D Tadmor
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Vormehr
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany.,HI-TRON - Helmholtz-Institut für Translationale Onkologie Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Löwer
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
Despite great advances in treatment, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Diet can greatly impact health, while caloric restriction and fasting have putative benefits for disease prevention and longevity. Strong epidemiological associations exist between obesity and cancer, whereas healthy diets can reduce cancer risk. However, less is known about how diet might impact cancer once it has been diagnosed and particularly how diet can impact cancer treatment. In the present review, we discuss the links between obesity, diet, and cancer. We explore potential mechanisms by which diet can improve cancer outcomes, including through hormonal, metabolic, and immune/inflammatory effects, and present the limited clinical research that has been published in this arena. Though data are sparse, diet intervention may reduce toxicity, improve chemotherapy efficacy, and lower the risk of long-term complications in cancer patients. Thus, it is important that we understand and expand the science of this important but complex adjunctive cancer treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Mittelman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
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Icard P, Ollivier L, Forgez P, Otz J, Alifano M, Fournel L, Loi M, Thariat J. Perspective: Do Fasting, Caloric Restriction, and Diets Increase Sensitivity to Radiotherapy? A Literature Review. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1089-1101. [PMID: 32492154 PMCID: PMC7490158 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric starvation, as well as various diets, has been proposed to increase the oxidative DNA damage induced by radiotherapy (RT). However, some diets could have dual effects, sometimes promoting cancer growth, whereas proposing caloric restriction may appear counterproductive during RT considering that the maintenance of weight is a major factor for the success of this therapy. A systematic review was performed via a PubMed search on RT and fasting, or caloric restriction, ketogenic diet (>75% of fat-derived energy intake), protein starvation, amino acid restriction, as well as the Warburg effect. Twenty-six eligible original articles (17 preclinical studies and 9 clinical noncontrolled studies on low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets popularized as ketogenic diets, representing a total of 77 patients) were included. Preclinical experiments suggest that a short period of fasting prior to radiation, and/or transient caloric restriction during treatment course, can increase tumor responsiveness. These regimens promote accumulation of oxidative lesions and insufficient repair, subsequently leading to cancer cell death. Due to their more flexible metabolism, healthy cells should be less sensitive, shifting their metabolism to support survival and repair. Interestingly, these regimens might stimulate an acute anticancer immune response, and may be of particular interest in tumors with high glucose uptake on positron emission tomography scan, a phenotype associated with poor survival and resistance to RT. Preclinical studies with ketogenic diets yielded more conflicting results, perhaps because cancer cells can sometimes metabolize fatty acids and/or ketone bodies. Randomized trials are awaited to specify the role of each strategy according to the clinical setting, although more stringent definitions of proposed diet, nutritional status, and consensual criteria for tumor response assessment are needed. In conclusion, dietary interventions during RT could be a simple and medically economical and inexpensive method that may deserve to be tested to improve efficiency of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Université Caen Normandie, Normandie University, UNICAEN, Medical School, CHU de Caen, Caen, France,Inserm U1086 Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France,Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,Address correspondence to PI (e-mail: )
| | - Luc Ollivier
- Centre Hospitalier de Brest, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France,Centre François Baclesse, Radiotherapy Unit, Caen, France
| | - Patricia Forgez
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Otz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Mauro Loi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paris Est University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Université Caen Normandie, Normandie University, UNICAEN, Medical School, CHU de Caen, Caen, France,Centre François Baclesse, Radiotherapy Unit, Caen, France,Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, IN2P3, Normandie University/UNICAEN/CNRS, Caen, France
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28
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Gray A, Dang BN, Moore TB, Clemens R, Pressman P. A review of nutrition and dietary interventions in oncology. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120926877. [PMID: 32537159 PMCID: PMC7268120 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120926877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex cellular mechanisms and inter-related pathways of cancer proliferation, evasion, and metastasis remain an emerging field of research. Over the last several decades, nutritional research has prominent role in identifying emerging adjuvant therapies in our fight against cancer. Nutritional and dietary interventions are being explored to improve the morbidity and mortality for cancer patients worldwide. In this review, we examine several dietary interventions and their proposed mechanisms against cancer as well as identifying limitations in the currently available literature. This review provides a comprehensive review of the cancer metabolism, dietary interventions used during cancer treatment, anti metabolic drugs, and their impact on nutritional deficiencies along with a critical review of the following diets: caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, Mediterranean diet, Japanese diet, and vegan diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Gray
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian N Dang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theodore B Moore
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roger Clemens
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, International Center for Regulatory Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Pressman
- Polyscience Consulting & Director of Nutrition and Public Health, The Daedalus Foundation, San Clemente, CA, USA
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Neill T, Chen CG, Buraschi S, Iozzo RV. Catabolic degradation of endothelial VEGFA via autophagy. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6064-6079. [PMID: 32209654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix-evoked angiostasis and autophagy within the tumor microenvironment represent two critical, but unconnected, functions of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan, decorin. Acting as a partial agonist of vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2), soluble decorin signals via the energy sensing protein, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), in the autophagic degradation of intracellular vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Here, we discovered that soluble decorin evokes intracellular catabolism of endothelial VEGFA that is mechanistically independent of mTOR, but requires an autophagic regulator, paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3). We found that administration of autophagic inhibitors such as chloroquine or bafilomycin A1, or depletion of autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), results in accumulation of intracellular VEGFA, indicating that VEGFA is a basal autophagic substrate. Mechanistically, decorin increased the VEGFA clearance rate by augmenting autophagic flux, a process that required RAB24 member RAS oncogene family (RAB24), a small GTPase that facilitates the disposal of autophagic compartments. We validated these findings by demonstrating the physiological relevance of this process in vivo Mice starved for 48 h exhibited a sharp decrease in overall cardiac and aortic VEGFA that could be blocked by systemic chloroquine treatment. Thus, our findings reveal a unified mechanism for the metabolic control of endothelial VEGFA for autophagic clearance in response to decorin and canonical pro-autophagic stimuli. We posit that the VEGFR2/AMPK/PEG3 axis integrates the anti-angiogenic and pro-autophagic bioactivities of decorin as the molecular basis for tumorigenic suppression. These results support future therapeutic use of decorin as a next-generation protein therapy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
| | - Carolyn G Chen
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
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30
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Shastri AA, Saleh A, Savage JE, DeAngelis T, Camphausen K, Simone NL. Dietary alterations modulate the microRNA 29/30 and IGF-1/AKT signaling axis in breast Cancer liver metastasis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:23. [PMID: 32211051 PMCID: PMC7092508 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic cancer is incurable and understanding the molecular underpinnings is crucial to improving survival for our patients. The IGF-1/Akt signaling pathway is often impaired in cancer leading to its progression and metastases. Diet modification is known to alter the IGF-1/Akt pathway and affect the expression of microRNA involved in tumor initiation, growth and metastases. Liver metastases are one of the most common type of metastases in breast and colon cancer. In the present study, we looked at the effect of diet modification on the expression of microRNA in normal liver and liver with breast cancer metastases using in vivo model. Methodology 6-month-old C57BL/6 J mice were put on either an ad libitum (AL) diet, or 40% calorie restricted (CR) diet or were fasted for 24 h (FA) before sacrifice. MicroRNA array analysis, western blot and qRT-PCR were performed using liver tissue to compare the treatment groups. A breast cancer model was also used to study the changes in microRNA expression in liver of a group of BALB/c mice orthotopically injected with 4 T1 cells in the mammary fat pad, put on either an AL or 30% CR diet. Liver and primary tumor tissues were used to perform qRT-PCR to compare the treatment groups. Results MicroRNA array analysis showed significant changes in miRNA expression in both CR and FA conditions in normal liver. Expression of miR-29 and miR-30 family members was increased in both CR and FA. Western blot analysis of the normal liver tissue showed that CR and FA downregulated the IGF-1/Akt pathway and qRT-PCR showed that the expression of miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-30a and miR-30b were increased with CR and FA. Liver tissue collected from mice in the breast cancer model showed an increase in expression of miR-29b, miR-29c and miR-30b while tumor tissue showed increased expression of miR-29c, miR-30a and miR-30b. Discussion Members of the miR-29 family are known to target and suppress IGF-1, while members of the miR-30 family are known to target and suppress both IGF-1 and IGF-1R. In the present study, we observe that calorie restriction increased the expression of miR-29 and miR-30 in both the normal liver as well as the liver with breast cancer metastases. These findings suggest that dietary alterations may play a role in the treatment of liver metastasis, which should be evaluated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha A Shastri
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Anthony Saleh
- 2Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jason E Savage
- 2Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Tiziana DeAngelis
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- 2Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nicole L Simone
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
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31
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Fasting Induces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting SET8 Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3985089. [PMID: 32273943 PMCID: PMC7115168 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3985089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a life-threatening cancer, and the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signalling pathway plays a crucial role in apoptosis resistance in cancer cells. Fasting is reported to mediate tumour growth reduction and apoptosis. SET8 is involved in cancer proliferation, invasiveness, and migration. However, whether SET8 participates in fasting-mediated apoptosis in HCC remains unclear. Methods We used immunohistochemical staining to analyse the expression of SET8, Keap1, and Nrf2 in HCC tissues. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed, and Western blot and qPCR analyses were used to examine the expression of Keap1/Nrf2 in HCC cells under fasting, SET8 overexpression, and PGC1α overexpression conditions. Mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy were used to determine whether PGC1α overexpression conditions. Mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy were used to determine whether PGC1In vivo experiments were performed to verify the conclusions from the in vitro experiments. Results Our data indicate that SET8 expression is associated with poor survival in HCC patients. Both in vitro experiments. in vivo experiments were performed to verify the conclusions from the α overexpression conditions. Mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy were used to determine whether PGC1α overexpression conditions. Mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy were used to determine whether PGC1 Conclusions The results of our study demonstrate that fasting induces HCC apoptosis by inhibiting SET8 expression and that SET8 interacts with PGC1α to activate the Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway by inhibiting Keap1 expression.α overexpression conditions. Mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy were used to determine whether PGC1
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32
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Zeng H, Zhang W, Gong Y, Xie C. Radiotherapy activates autophagy to increase CD8 + T cell infiltration by modulating major histocompatibility complex class-I expression in non-small cell lung cancer. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:3818-3830. [PMID: 31187666 PMCID: PMC6726798 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519855595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Radiotherapy is reported to enhance immune responses in cancer, but appropriate doses and mechanisms remain to be investigated. This study explored whether autophagy is involved in the regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration at different radiation doses. Methods Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and H1975 were exposed to different doses of radiation. The levels of autophagy and MHC-I expression were examined 6 hours after irradiation. The effects of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) on MHC-I expression were also investigated, as well as the relationship between autophagy and MHC-1 expression. Pathological specimens from 69 NSCLC patients were collected, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect MHC-1 expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumors. Results Irradiation induced autophagy and MHC-I expression during a single radiation dose from 2 to 20 Gy in a dose-dependent manner. CQ downregulated MHC-I expression. Immunohistochemistry indicated that MHC-I levels were positively correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in NSCLC cells (R2 = 0.713). Conclusions Autophagy induced MHC-I expression and increased CD8+ T cell infiltration. A single radiation dose of 20 Gy induced the strongest CD8+ T cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zeng
- 1 Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,2 Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- 2 Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Gong
- 3 Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- 1 Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,4 Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,5 Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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McGee HM, Jiang D, Soto-Pantoja DR, Nevler A, Giaccia AJ, Woodward WA. Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in Radiation Oncology: Proceedings from the 2018 ASTRO-AACR Research Workshop. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2969-2974. [PMID: 30723144 PMCID: PMC7265991 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of cancers and their response to radiation are intricately linked to the tumor microenvironment (TME) in which they reside. Tumor cells, immune cells, and stromal cells interact with each other and are influenced by the microbiome and metabolic state of the host, and these interactions are constantly evolving. Stromal cells not only secrete extracellular matrix and participate in wound contraction, but they also secrete fibroblast growth factors (FGF), which mediate macrophage differentiation. Tumor-associated macrophages migrate to hypoxic areas and secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to promote angiogenesis. The microbiome and its byproducts alter the metabolic milieu by shifting the balance between glucose utilization and fatty acid oxidation, and these changes subsequently influence the immune response in the TME. Not only does radiation exert cell-autonomous effects on tumor cells, but it influences both the tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive components in the TME. To gain a deeper understanding of how the TME influences the response to radiation, the American Society for Radiation Oncology and the American Association of Cancer Research organized a scientific workshop on July 26-27, 2018, to discuss how the microbiome, the immune response, the metabolome, and the stroma all shift the balance between radiosensitivity and radioresistance. The proceedings from this workshop are discussed here and highlight recent discoveries in the field, as well as the most important areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M McGee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dadi Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David R Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Avinoam Nevler
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Talpoit Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Wendy A Woodward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Ma Z, Parris AB, Howard EW, Shi Y, Yang S, Jiang Y, Kong L, Yang X. Caloric restriction inhibits mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-ErbB2 transgenic mice through the suppression of ER and ErbB2 pathways and inhibition of epithelial cell stemness in premalignant mammary tissues. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1264-1273. [PMID: 30107476 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric intake influences the onset of many diseases, including cancer. In particular, caloric restriction (CR) has been reported to suppress mammary tumorigenesis in various models. However, the underlying cancer preventive mechanisms have not been fully explored. To this end, we aimed to characterize the anticancer mechanisms of CR using MMTV-ErbB2 transgenic mice, a well-established spontaneous ErbB2-overexpressing mammary tumor model, by focusing on cellular and molecular changes in premalignant tissues. In MMTV-ErbB2 mice with 30% CR beginning at 8 weeks of age, mammary tumor development was dramatically inhibited, as exhibited by reduced tumor incidence and increased tumor latency. Morphogenic mammary gland analyses in 15- and 20-week-old mice indicated that CR significantly decreased mammary epithelial cell (MEC) density and proliferative index. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we analyzed the effects of CR on mammary stem/progenitor cells. Results from fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses showed that CR modified mammary tissue hierarchy dynamics, as evidenced by decreased luminal cells (CD24highCD49flow), putative mammary reconstituting unit subpopulation (CD24highCD49fhigh) and luminal progenitor cells (CD61highCD49fhigh). Mammosphere and colony-forming cell assays demonstrated that CR significantly inhibited mammary stem cell self-renewal and progenitor cell numbers. Molecular analyses indicated that CR concurrently inhibited estrogen receptor (ER) and ErbB2 signaling. These molecular changes were accompanied by decreased mRNA levels of ER-targeted genes and epidermal growth factor receptor/ErbB2 family members and ligands, suggesting ER-ErbB2 signaling cross-talk. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CR significantly impacts ER and ErbB2 signaling, which induces profound changes in MEC reprogramming, and mammary stem/progenitor cell inhibition is a critical mechanism of CR-mediated breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Ma
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Amanda B Parris
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Erin W Howard
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Yujie Shi
- Department of Pathology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yunbo Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lingfei Kong
- Department of Pathology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohe Yang
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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35
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Lope V, Martín M, Castelló A, Ruiz A, Casas AM, Baena-Cañada JM, Antolín S, Ramos-Vázquez M, García-Sáenz JÁ, Muñoz M, Lluch A, de Juan-Ferré A, Jara C, Sánchez-Rovira P, Antón A, Chacón JI, Arcusa A, Jimeno MA, Bezares S, Vioque J, Carrasco E, Pérez-Gómez B, Pollán M. Overeating, caloric restriction and breast cancer risk by pathologic subtype: the EPIGEICAM study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3904. [PMID: 30846706 PMCID: PMC6405854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes the association of excessive energy intake and caloric restriction with breast cancer (BC) risk taking into account the individual energy needs of Spanish women. We conducted a multicenter matched case-control study where 973 pairs completed lifestyle and food frequency questionnaires. Expected caloric intake was predicted from a linear regression model in controls, including calories consumed as dependent variable, basal metabolic rate as an offset and physical activity as explanatory. Overeating and caloric restriction were defined taking into account the 99% confidence interval of the predicted value. The association with BC risk, overall and by pathologic subtype, was evaluated using conditional and multinomial logistic regression models. While premenopausal women that consumed few calories (>20% below predicted) had lower BC risk (OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.21-0.63), postmenopausal women with an excessive intake (≥40% above predicted) showed an increased risk (OR = 2.81; 95% CI = 1.65-4.79). For every 20% increase in relative (observed/predicted) caloric intake the risk of hormone receptor positive (p-trend < 0.001) and HER2+ (p-trend = 0.015) tumours increased 13%, being this figure 7% for triple negative tumours. While high energy intake increases BC risk, caloric restriction could be protective. Moderate caloric restriction, in combination with regular physical activity, could be a good strategy for BC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lope
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Martín
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Castelló
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Ruiz
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Mª Casas
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Antolín
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramos-Vázquez
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Oncológico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Muñoz
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana de Juan-Ferré
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Jara
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Hospital de Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Sánchez-Rovira
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Antón
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Chacón
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | - Angels Arcusa
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
- Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesús Vioque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Miguel Hernández, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Carrasco
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain.
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Agostini D, Natalucci V, Baldelli G, De Santi M, Donati Zeppa S, Vallorani L, Annibalini G, Lucertini F, Federici A, Izzo R, Stocchi V, Barbieri E. New Insights into the Role of Exercise in Inhibiting mTOR Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5896786. [PMID: 30363988 PMCID: PMC6186337 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5896786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and is characterized by its aggressive nature, lack of targets for targeted therapies, and early peak of recurrence. Due to these specific characteristics, chemotherapy does not usually yield substantial improvements and new target therapies and alternative strategies are needed. The beneficial responses of TNBC survivors to regular exercise, including a reduction in the rate of tumor growth, are becoming increasingly apparent. Physiological adaptations to exercise occur in skeletal muscle but have an impact on the entire body through systemic control of energy homeostasis and metabolism, which in turn influence the TNBC tumor microenvironment. Gaining insights into the causal mechanisms of the therapeutic cancer control properties of regular exercise is important to improve the prescription and implementation of exercise and training in TNBC survivors. Here, we provide new evidence of the effects of exercise on TNBC prevention, control, and outcomes, based on the inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB also known as Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (PI3K-Akt-mTOR) signaling. These findings have wide-ranging clinical implications for cancer treatment, including recurrence and case management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Valentina Natalucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giulia Baldelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro De Santi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luciana Vallorani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giosuè Annibalini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Ario Federici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Izzo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
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Simone BA, Palagani A, Strickland K, Ko K, Jin L, Lim MK, Dan TD, Sarich M, Monti DA, Cristofanilli M, Simone NL. Caloric restriction counteracts chemotherapy-induced inflammation and increases response to therapy in a triple negative breast cancer model. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1536-1544. [PMID: 29912618 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1471314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease that has no available targeted therapies. Previously, we have shown that caloric restriction (CR) can augment the effects of radiation therapy in a TNBC mouse model. To build upon this, we now present data regarding the combination of chemotherapy and CR in the same 4T1 model. Chemotherapy can induce inflammation that breeds resistance to therapy. We propose CR as a mechanism to decrease chemotherapy-induced inflammation and increase efficacy of therapy. 12-week old Balb/c mice were orthotopically injected with a syngeneic triple negative breast cancer cell line (4T1) and were treated in one of six cohorts: ad lib fed (AL), 30% reduction in calorie intake (CR), cisplatin or docetaxol alone or a combination CR+cisplatin/docetaxol. Mice in the cohorts receiving chemotherapy+CR had longer overall survival (12 ± 2 days) as compared to the AL group. These mice also demonstrated less lung metastases at the final time point of in vivo imaging. In addition, downregulation of the IGF-1R and IRS signaling pathways were noted most significantly in those mice receiving combination therapy. Lastly, serum from these mice demonstrated an increase in inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in response to chemotherapy alone. This increase was dampened by the addition of CR. Taken together, these data suggest that while chemotherapy is effective in TNBC, it can cause inflammation, which can be a driver of resistance to therapy. This chemotherapy-induced inflammation can be reversed with the use of CR as a nontoxic adjunct to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Simone
- a Radiation Oncology Department , Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Ajay Palagani
- a Radiation Oncology Department , Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Kimberly Strickland
- b Department of Medical Oncology , SKMC, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Kevin Ko
- a Radiation Oncology Department , Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Lianjin Jin
- a Radiation Oncology Department , Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Meng Kieng Lim
- a Radiation Oncology Department , Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Tu D Dan
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Mak Sarich
- a Radiation Oncology Department , Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Daniel A Monti
- d Myrna Brynd Center for Integrative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- e Department of Medical Oncology , Lurie Cancer Center at the Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Nicole L Simone
- a Radiation Oncology Department , Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Onco-metabolism: defining the prognostic significance of obesity and diabetes in women with brain metastases from breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:221-230. [PMID: 30022328 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic dysregulation has been implicated as a molecular driver of breast cancer in preclinical studies, especially with respect to metastases. We hypothesized that abnormalities in patient metabolism, such as obesity and diabetes, may drive outcomes in breast cancer patients with brain metastases. METHODS We retrospectively identified 84 consecutive patients with brain metastases from breast cancer treated with intracranial radiation therapy. Radiation was delivered as whole-brain radiation to a median dose of 3000 cGy or stereotactic radiosurgery to a median dose of 2100 cGy. Kaplan Meier curves were generated for overall survival (OS) data and Mantel-Cox regression was performed to detect differences in groups. RESULTS At analysis, 81 survival events had occurred and the median OS for the entire cohort was 21.7 months. Despite similar modified graded prognostic assessments, resection rates, and receptor status, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (n = 45) was associated with decreased median OS (13.7 vs. 30.6 months; p < 0.001) and median intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) (7.4 vs. 10.9 months; p = 0.04) compared to patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (n = 39). Similar trends were observed among all three types of breast cancer. Patients with diabetes (n = 17) had decreased median OS (11.8 vs. 26.2 months; p < 0.001) and median intracranial PFS (4.5 vs. 10.3 months; p = 0.001) compared to non-diabetics (n = 67). On multivariate analysis, both BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 [HR 2.35 (1.39-3.98); p = 0.002] and diabetes [HR 2.77 (1.454-5.274); p = 0.002] were associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS Elevated BMI or diabetes may negatively impact both overall survival and local control in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer, highlighting the importance of the translational development of therapeutic metabolic interventions. Given its prognostic significance, BMI should be used as a stratification in future clinical trial design in this patient population.
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Abstract
Glycolysis has long been considered as the major metabolic process for energy production and anabolic growth in cancer cells. Although such a view has been instrumental for the development of powerful imaging tools that are still used in the clinics, it is now clear that mitochondria play a key role in oncogenesis. Besides exerting central bioenergetic functions, mitochondria provide indeed building blocks for tumor anabolism, control redox and calcium homeostasis, participate in transcriptional regulation, and govern cell death. Thus, mitochondria constitute promising targets for the development of novel anticancer agents. However, tumors arise, progress, and respond to therapy in the context of an intimate crosstalk with the host immune system, and many immunological functions rely on intact mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we review the cancer cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms through which mitochondria influence all steps of oncogenesis, with a focus on the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ettore Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Klement RJ. Fasting, Fats, and Physics: Combining Ketogenic and Radiation Therapy against Cancer. Complement Med Res 2017; 25:102-113. [DOI: 10.1159/000484045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay in the treatment of solid tumors and works by physicochemical reactions inducing oxidative stress in cells. Because in practice the efficacy of RT is limited by its toxicity to normal tissues, any strategy that selectively increases the radiosensitivity of tumor cells or boosts the radioresistance of normal cells is a valuable adjunct to RT. In this review, I summarize preclinical and clinical data supporting the hypothesis that ketogenic therapy through fasting and/or ketogenic diets can be utilized as such an adjunct in order to improve the outcome after RT, in terms of both higher tumor control and lower normal-tissue complication probability. The first effect relates to the metabolic shift from glycolysis towards mitochondrial metabolism, which selectively increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and impairs adenoside triphosphate (ATP) production in tumor cells. The second effect is based on the differential stress resistance phenomenon describing the reprogramming of normal cells, but not tumor cells, from proliferation towards maintenance and stress resistance when glucose and growth factor levels are decreased and ketone body levels are elevated. Underlying both effects are metabolic differences between normal and tumor cells. Ketogenic therapy is a non-toxic and cost-effective complementary treatment option that exploits these differences and deserves further clinical investigation.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay in the treatment of solid tumors and works by inducing free radical stress in tumor cells, leading to loss of reproductive integrity. The optimal treatment strategy has to consider damage to both tumor and normal cells and is determined by five factors known as the 5 R's of radiobiology: Reoxygenation, DNA repair, radiosensitivity, redistribution in the cell cycle and repopulation. The aim of this review is (i) to present evidence that these 5 R's are strongly influenced by cellular and whole-body metabolism that in turn can be modified through ketogenic therapy in form of ketogenic diets and short-term fasting and (ii) to stimulate new research into this field including some research questions deserving further study. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical and some preliminary clinical data support the hypothesis that ketogenic therapy could be utilized as a complementary treatment in order to improve the outcome after RT, both in terms of higher tumor control and in terms of lower normal tissue complication probability. The first effect relates to the metabolic shift from glycolysis toward mitochondrial metabolism that selectively increases ROS production and impairs ATP production in tumor cells. The second effect is based on the differential stress resistance phenomenon, which is achieved when glucose and growth factors are reduced and ketone bodies are elevated, reprogramming normal but not tumor cells from proliferation toward maintenance and stress resistance. Underlying both effects are metabolic differences between normal and tumor cells that ketogenic therapy seeks to exploit. Specifically, the recently discovered role of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate as an endogenous class-I histone deacetylase inhibitor suggests a dual role as a radioprotector of normal cells and a radiosensitzer of tumor cells that opens up exciting possibilities to employ ketogenic therapy as a cost-effective adjunct to radiotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer J Klement
- a Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology , Leopoldina Hospital , Schweinfurt , Germany
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Simpson A, Petnga W, Macaulay VM, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Bogenrieder T. Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Pathway Targeting in Cancer: Role of the IGF Axis and Opportunities for Future Combination Studies. Target Oncol 2017; 12:571-597. [PMID: 28815409 PMCID: PMC5610669 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a strong preclinical rationale for targeting the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in cancer, clinical studies of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-targeted monotherapies have been largely disappointing, and any potential success has been limited by the lack of validated predictive biomarkers for patient enrichment. A large body of preclinical evidence suggests that the key role of the IGF axis in cancer is in driving treatment resistance, via general proliferative/survival mechanisms, interactions with other mitogenic signaling networks, and class-specific mechanisms such as DNA damage repair. Consequently, combining IGF-targeted agents with standard cytotoxic agents, other targeted agents, endocrine therapies, or immunotherapies represents an attractive therapeutic approach. Anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) do not inhibit IGF ligand 2 (IGF-2) activation of the insulin receptor isoform-A (INSR-A), which may limit their anti-proliferative activity. In addition, due to their lack of specificity, IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors are associated with hyperglycemia as a result of interference with signaling through the classical metabolic INSR-B isoform; this may preclude their use at clinically effective doses. Conversely, IGF-1/IGF-2 ligand-neutralizing mAbs inhibit proliferative/anti-apoptotic signaling via IGF-1R and INSR-A, without compromising the metabolic function of INSR-B. Therefore, combination regimens that include these agents may be more efficacious and tolerable versus IGF-1R-targeted combinations. Herein, we review the preclinical and clinical experience with IGF-targeted therapies to-date, and discuss the rationale for future combination approaches as a means to overcome treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Simpson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Bogenrieder
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, Dr. Boehringer Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Pietrocola F, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G. Autophagy in natural and therapy-driven anticancer immunosurveillance. Autophagy 2017; 13:2163-2170. [PMID: 28598229 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1310356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is primordial for the maintenance of metabolic and genetic homeostasis in all eukaryotic organisms. Owing to its cell-intrinsic effects, autophagy robustly inhibits malignant transformation, yet can support the progression of established neoplasms as well as their resistance to conventional treatments. The notion that autophagy inhibition sensitizes neoplastic cells to chemotherapy and radiation therapy rivals with the capacity of autophagy to contribute to natural and therapy-driven anticancer immunosurveillance via a multitude of mechanisms. Indeed, autophagy ensures an optimal release of immunostimulatory signals by dying cancer cells and hence boosts their capacity to initiate an immune response. Moreover, autophagy is important for the activity of several components of the immune system involved in tumor recognition and elimination, including antigen-presenting cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In this review, we discuss how cancer cells disable autophagy to bypass immune control and how strategies aiming to enhance autophagy can be envisaged to improve the efficacy of immunogenic cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pietrocola
- a Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer , Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France.,b INSERM , U1138 , Paris , France.,c Université Paris Descartes/Paris V , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,d Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI , Paris , France.,e Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms , Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- a Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer , Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France.,b INSERM , U1138 , Paris , France.,c Université Paris Descartes/Paris V , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,d Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI , Paris , France.,e Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms , Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- c Université Paris Descartes/Paris V , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,f Department of Radiation Oncology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA.,g Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center , New York, NY , USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- a Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer , Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France.,b INSERM , U1138 , Paris , France.,c Université Paris Descartes/Paris V , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,d Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI , Paris , France.,e Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms , Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France.,h Pôle de Biologie , Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou , AP-HP , Paris , France.,i Department of Women's and Children's Health , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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Limon-Miro AT, Lopez-Teros V, Astiazaran-Garcia H. Dietary Guidelines for Breast Cancer Patients: A Critical Review. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:613-623. [PMID: 28710147 PMCID: PMC5502868 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current dietary guidelines for breast cancer patients (BCPs) fail to address adequate dietary intakes of macro- and micronutrients that may improve patients' nutritional status. This review includes information from the PubMed and Biomed Central databases over the last 15 y concerning dietary guidelines for BCPs and the potential impact of a personalized, nutrient-specific diet on patients' nutritional status during and after antineoplastic treatment. Results indicated that BCPs should receive a nutritional assessment immediately after diagnosis. In addition, they should be encouraged to pursue and maintain a healthy body weight [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) 20-24.9], preserving their lean mass and avoiding an increase in fat mass. Therefore, after nutritional status diagnosis, a conservative energy restriction of 500-1000 kcal/d could be considered in the dietary intervention when appropriate. Based on the reviewed information, we propose a personalized nutrition intervention for BCPs during and after antineoplastic treatment. Specifications in the nutritional therapy should be based on the patients' nutritional status, dietary habits, schedule, activities, and cultural preferences. BCPs' daily energy intake should be distributed as follows: <30% fat/d (mainly monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids), ∼55% carbohydrates (primarily whole foods such as oats, brown rice, and fruits), and 1.2-1.5 g protein ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ d-1 to avoid sarcopenic obesity. Findings suggest that 5-9 servings/d of fruits (∼150 g/serving) and vegetables (∼75 g/serving) should be encouraged. Garlic and cruciferous vegetables must also be part of the nutrition therapy. Adequate dietary intakes of food-based macro- and micronutrients rich in β-carotene and vitamins A, E, and C can both prevent deterioration in BCPs' nutritional status and improve their overall health and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Limon-Miro
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico; and
| | - Veronica Lopez-Teros
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Autophagy-dependent danger signaling and adaptive immunity to poorly immunogenic tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:5686-5691. [PMID: 27974686 PMCID: PMC5351581 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that autophagy does not influence spontaneous and therapy-elicited tumor infiltration by immune cells in murine models of melanoma and breast carcinoma. These findings, which have been obtained in the absence of a therapeutically relevant anticancer immune response, indicate that the intrinsically low immunogenicity of some tumors cannot be compensated for by increased danger signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Activating autophagy to potentiate immunogenic chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2016; 14:247-258. [PMID: 27845767 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is fundamental to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis in virtually all human cells. Accordingly, defective autophagy predisposes healthy cells to undergoing malignant transformation. By contrast, malignant cells are able to harness autophagy to thrive, despite adverse microenvironmental conditions, and to resist therapeutic challenges. Thus, inhibition of autophagy has been proposed as a strategy to kill cancer cells or sensitize them to therapy; however, autophagy is also critical for optimal immune function, and mediates cell-extrinsic homeostatic effects owing to its central role in danger signalling by neoplastic cells responding to immunogenic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. In this Perspective, we discuss accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence in support of the all-too-often dismissed possibility that activating autophagy might be a relevant clinical objective that enables an increase in the effectiveness of immunogenic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
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