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Kim JB, Kim SJ, So M, Kim DK, Noh HR, Kim BJ, Choi YR, Kim D, Koo H, Kim T, Woo HG, Park SM. Artificial intelligence-driven drug repositioning uncovers efavirenz as a modulator of α-synuclein propagation: Implications in Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116442. [PMID: 38513596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with an unclear etiology. Despite significant research efforts, developing disease-modifying treatments for PD remains a major unmet medical need. Notably, drug repositioning is becoming an increasingly attractive direction in drug discovery, and computational approaches offer a relatively quick and resource-saving method for identifying testable hypotheses that promote drug repositioning. We used an artificial intelligence (AI)-based drug repositioning strategy to screen an extensive compound library and identify potential therapeutic agents for PD. Our AI-driven analysis revealed that efavirenz and nevirapine, approved for treating human immunodeficiency virus infection, had distinct profiles, suggesting their potential effects on PD pathophysiology. Among these, efavirenz attenuated α-synuclein (α-syn) propagation and associated neuroinflammation in the brain of preformed α-syn fibrils-injected A53T α-syn Tg mice and α-syn propagation and associated behavioral changes in the C. elegans BiFC model. Through in-depth molecular investigations, we found that efavirenz can modulate cholesterol metabolism and mitigate α-syn propagation, a key pathological feature implicated in PD progression by regulating CYP46A1. This study opens new avenues for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying PD pathology and the exploration of additional drug candidates using advanced computational methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Bong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Kim
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye Rin Noh
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yu Ree Choi
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Doyoon Kim
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | | | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Ullah I, Uddin S, Zhao L, Wang X, Li H. Autophagy and UPS pathway contribute to nicotine-induced protection effect in Parkinson's disease. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-023-06765-9. [PMID: 38430248 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The gradual nature of age-related neurodegeneration causes Parkinson's disease (PD) and impairs movement, memory, intellectual ability, and social interaction. One of the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) among the elderly is PD. PD affects both motor and cognitive functions. Degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and buildup of the protein α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are two major causes of this disorder. Both UPS and ALS systems serve to eliminate α-Syn. Autophagy and UPS deficits, shortened life duration, and lipofuscin buildup accelerate PD. This sickness has no cure. Innovative therapies are halting PD progression. Bioactive phytochemicals may provide older individuals with a natural substitute to help delay the onset of neurodegenerative illnesses. This study examines whether nicotine helps transgenic C. elegans PD models. According to numerous studies, nicotine enhances synaptic plasticity and dopaminergic neuronal survival. Upgrades UPS pathways, increases autophagy, and decreases oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. At 100, 150, and 200 µM nicotine levels, worms showed reduced α-Syn aggregation, repaired DA neurotoxicity after 6-OHDA intoxication, increased lifetime, and reduced lipofuscin accumulation. Furthermore, nicotine triggered autophagy and UPS. We revealed nicotine's potential as a UPS and autophagy activator to prevent PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inam Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shahab Uddin
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longhe Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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3
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Kim JB, Kim Y, Kim SJ, Ha TY, Kim DK, Kim DW, So M, Kim SH, Woo HG, Yoon D, Park SM. Integration of National Health Insurance claims data and animal models reveals fexofenadine as a promising repurposed drug for Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:53. [PMID: 38383441 PMCID: PMC10880337 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and costly progressive neurodegenerative disease of unclear etiology. A disease-modifying approach that can directly stop or slow its progression remains a major unmet need in the treatment of PD. A clinical pharmacology-based drug repositioning strategy is a useful approach for identifying new drugs for PD. METHODS We analyzed claims data obtained from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), which covers a significant portion of the South Korean population, to investigate the association between antihistamines, a class of drugs commonly used to treat allergic symptoms by blocking H1 receptor, and PD in a real-world setting. Additionally, we validated this model using various animal models of PD such as the 6-hydroxydopmaine (6-OHDA), α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFF) injection, and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) models. Finally, whole transcriptome data and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were used to elucidate drug mechanism pathways. RESULTS We identified fexofenadine as the most promising candidate using National Health Insurance claims data in the real world. In several animal models, including the 6-OHDA, PFF injection, and C. elegans models, fexofenadine ameliorated PD-related pathologies. RNA-seq analysis and the subsequent experiments suggested that fexofenadine is effective in PD via inhibition of peripheral immune cell infiltration into the brain. CONCLUSION Fexofenadine shows promise for the treatment of PD, identified through clinical data and validated in diverse animal models. This combined clinical and preclinical approach offers valuable insights for developing novel PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Bong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yujeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Kim
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Seung Ho Kim
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dukyong Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Oh KW, Kim DK, Hsu AL, Lee SJ. Distinct sets of lysosomal genes define synucleinopathy and tauopathy. BMB Rep 2023; 56:657-662. [PMID: 37817435 PMCID: PMC10761752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by distinct protein aggregates, such as those of α-synuclein and tau. Lysosomal defect is a key contributor to the accumulation and propagation of aberrant protein aggregates in these diseases. The discoveries of common proteinopathies in multiple forms of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) and the identification of some LSD genes as susceptible genes for those proteinopathies suggest causative links between LSDs and the proteinopathies. The present study hypothesized that defects in lysosomal genes will differentially affect the propagation of α-synuclein and tau proteins, thereby determining the progression of a specific proteinopathy. We established an imaging-based high-contents screening (HCS) system in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model, by which the propagation of α-synuclein or tau is measured by fluorescence intensity. Using this system, we performed RNA interference (RNAi) screening to induce a wide range of lysosomal malfunction through knock down of 79 LSD genes, and to obtain the candidate genes with significant change in protein propagation. While some LSD genes commonly affected both α-synuclein and tau propagation, our study identified the distinct sets of LSD genes that differentially regulate the propagation of either α-synuclein or tau. The specificity and efficacy of these LSD genes were retained in the disease-related phenotypes, such as pharyngeal pumping behavior and life span. This study suggests that distinct lysosomal genes differentially regulate the propagation of α-synuclein and tau, and offer a steppingstone to understanding disease specificity. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(12): 657-662].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Won Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea, Seoul 04796, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea, Seoul 04796, Korea
| | - Ao-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112-304, Taiwan, Seoul 04796, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea, Seoul 04796, Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03081, Korea
- Neuramedy Co. Ltd., Seoul 04796, Korea
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Gao X, He D, Liu Y, Cui M, Li Z, Li J, He Y, Wang H, Ye B, Fu S, Liu D. Oral administration of Limonin (LM) exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuron autophagy and microglial activation in 6-OHDA-injected rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110739. [PMID: 37536186 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that occurs most frequently in middle-aged and elderly people. It is characterized by an insidious onset and a complex etiology, and no effective treatment has been developed. The primary characteristic of PD is the degenerative death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. The excessive autophagy of neurons and hyperactivation of microglia were shown to be involved in the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. Limonin (LM), a type of pure natural compound present in grapefruit or citrus fruits (e. g., lemon, orange) has been reported to inhibit apoptosis and inflammation. However, its role and mechanism of action in PD are unclear. In this study, we explored the effect and mechanism of action of LM in PD. In vivo experiments revealed that LM ameliorated 6-OHDA-induced reduced motor activity and PD-related pathological damage in rats. In vitro experiments revealed that LM inhibited the 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells by inhibiting the excessive autophagy of neurons. In addition, LM inhibited microglial inflammation by activating the AKT/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and protected neurons against microglial inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity. In conclusion, the findings of this experiment demonstrated that LM exerted neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuronal autophagy-mediated apoptosis and microglial activation in 6-OHDA-injected rats, thus indicating that LM can serve as a candidate for PD by targeting neuroinflammation and neuronal autophagy to inhibit neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Gao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Dewei He
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yanting Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Mingchi Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Hefei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Bojian Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Samantaray T, Gupta U, Saini J, Gupta CN. Unique Brain Network Identification Number for Parkinson's and Healthy Individuals Using Structural MRI. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1297. [PMID: 37759898 PMCID: PMC10526827 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel algorithm called Unique Brain Network Identification Number (UBNIN) for encoding the brain networks of individual subjects. To realize this objective, we employed structural MRI on 180 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 70 healthy controls (HC) from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, India. We parcellated each subject's brain volume and constructed an individual adjacency matrix using the correlation between the gray matter volumes of every pair of regions. The unique code is derived from values representing connections for every node (i), weighted by a factor of 2-(i-1). The numerical representation (UBNIN) was observed to be distinct for each individual brain network, which may also be applied to other neuroimaging modalities. UBNIN ranges observed for PD were 15,360 to 17,768,936,615,460,608, and HC ranges were 12,288 to 17,733,751,438,064,640. This model may be implemented as a neural signature of a person's unique brain connectivity, thereby making it useful for brainprinting applications. Additionally, we segregated the above datasets into five age cohorts: A: ≤32 years (n1 = 4, n2 = 5), B: 33-42 years (n1 = 18, n2 = 14), C: 43-52 years (n1 = 42, n2 = 23), D: 53-62 years (n1 = 69, n2 = 22), and E: ≥63 years (n1 = 46, n2 = 6), where n1 and n2 are the number of individuals in PD and HC, respectively, to study the variation in network topology over age. Sparsity was adopted as the threshold estimate to binarize each age-based correlation matrix. Connectivity metrics were obtained using Brain Connectivity toolbox (Version 2019-03-03)-based MATLAB (R2020a) functions. For each age cohort, a decreasing trend was observed in the mean clustering coefficient with increasing sparsity. Significantly different clustering coefficients were noted in PD between age-cohort B and C (sparsity: 0.63, 0.66), C and E (sparsity: 0.66, 0.69), and in HC between E and B (sparsity: 0.75 and above 0.81), E and C (sparsity above 0.78), E and D (sparsity above 0.84), and C and D (sparsity: 0.9). Our findings suggest network connectivity patterns change with age, indicating network disruption may be due to the underlying neuropathology. Varying clustering coefficients for different cohorts indicate that information transfer between neighboring nodes changes with age. This provides evidence of age-related brain shrinkage and network degeneration. We also discuss limitations and provide an open-access link to software codes and a help file for the entire study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmayee Samantaray
- Neural Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India; (T.S.)
| | - Utsav Gupta
- Neural Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India; (T.S.)
| | - Jitender Saini
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, India;
| | - Cota Navin Gupta
- Neural Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India; (T.S.)
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7
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Lee HJ, Yoon YS, Lee SJ. Molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence in neurodegenerative diseases. J Mol Biol 2023:168114. [PMID: 37085010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are characterized by several pathological features, including selective neuronal loss, aggregation of specific proteins, and chronic inflammation. Aging is the most critical risk factor of these disorders. However, the mechanism by which aging contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is not clearly understood. Cellular senescence is a cell state or fate in response to stimuli. It is typically associated with a series of changes in cellular phenotypes such as abnormal cellular metabolism and proteostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and increased secretion of certain molecules via senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review, we discuss how cellular senescence contributes to brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and the relationship between protein aggregation and cellular senescence. Finally, we discuss the potential of senescence modifiers and senolytics in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ye-Seul Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuramedy, Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.
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8
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Chen M, Mor DE. Gut-to-Brain α-Synuclein Transmission in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence for Prion-like Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087205. [PMID: 37108366 PMCID: PMC10139032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder involving both motor and non-motor symptoms caused by the progressive death of distinct neuronal populations, including dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The deposition of aggregated α-synuclein protein into Lewy body inclusions is a hallmark of the disorder, and α-synuclein pathology has been found in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of PD patients up to two decades prior to diagnosis. In combination with the high occurrence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in early stages of PD, current evidence strongly suggests that some forms of PD may originate in the gut. In this review, we discuss human studies that support ENS Lewy pathology as a characteristic feature of PD, and present evidence from humans and animal model systems that α-synuclein aggregation may follow a prion-like spreading cascade from enteric neurons, through the vagal nerve, and into the brain. Given the accessibility of the human gut to pharmacologic and dietary interventions, therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing pathological α-synuclein in the gastrointestinal tract hold significant promise for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry Chen
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Danielle E Mor
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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9
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Chen Z, Wu B, Li G, Zhou L, Zhang L, Liu J. Age and sex differentially shape brain networks in Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36890620 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Age and sex are important individual factors modifying the clinical symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Our goal is to evaluate the effects of age and sex on brain networks and clinical manifestations of PD patients. METHODS Parkinson's disease participants (n = 198) receiving functional magnetic resonance imaging from Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database were investigated. Participants were classified into lower quartile group (age rank: 0%~25%), interquartile group (age rank: 26%~75%), and upper quartile group (age rank: 76%~100%) according to their age quartiles to examine how age shapes brain network topology. The differences of brain network topological properties between male and female participants were also investigated. RESULTS Parkinson's disease patients in the upper quartile age group exhibited disrupted network topology of white matter networks and impaired integrity of white matter fibers compared to lower quartile age group. In contrast, sex preferentially shaped the small-world topology of gray matter covariance network. Differential network metrics mediated the effects of age and sex on cognitive function of PD patients. CONCLUSION Age and sex have diverse effects on brain structural networks and cognitive function of PD patients, highlighting their roles in the clinical management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuchang Central Hospital affiliated with Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Guanglu Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liche Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tang J, Ma YC, Chen YL, Yang RQ, Liu HC, Wang X, Ni B, Zou CG, Zhang KQ. Vitellogenin accumulation leads to reproductive senescence by impairing lysosomal function. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:439-452. [PMID: 36680676 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of proteostasis is essential for cellular and organism healthspan. How proteostasis collapse influences reproductive span remains largely unclear. In Caenorhabditis elegans, excess accumulation of vitellogenins, the major components in yolk proteins, is crucial for the development of the embryo and occurs throughout the whole body during the aging process. Here, we show that vitellogenin accumulation leads to reproduction cessation. Excess vitellogenin is accumulated in the intestine and transported into the germline, impairing lysosomal activity in these tissues. The lysosomal function in the germline is required for reproductive span by maintaining oocyte quality. In contrast, autophagy and sperm depletion are not involved in vitellogenin accumulation-induced reproductive aging. Our findings provide insights into how proteome imbalance has an impact on reproductive aging and imply that improvement of lysosomal function is an effective approach for mid-life intervention for maintaining reproductive health in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yuan-Li Chen
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Rui-Qiu Yang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Heng-Chen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Baosen Ni
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry, Biology & Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zou
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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11
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Estaun-Panzano J, Arotcarena ML, Bezard E. Monitoring α-synuclein aggregation. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105966. [PMID: 36527982 PMCID: PMC9875312 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), are characterized by the misfolding and subsequent aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) that accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusions bodies in the cells of affected brain regions. Since the seminal report of likely-aggregated α-syn presence within the Lewy bodies by Spillantini et al. in 1997, the keyword "synuclein aggregation" has appeared in over 6000 papers (Source: PubMed October 2022). Studying, observing, describing, and quantifying α-syn aggregation is therefore of paramount importance, whether it happens in tubo, in vitro, in post-mortem samples, or in vivo. The past few years have witnessed tremendous progress in understanding aggregation mechanisms and identifying various polymorphs. In this context of growing complexity, it is of utmost importance to understand what tools we possess, what exact information they provide, and in what context they may be applied. Nonetheless, it is also crucial to rationalize the relevance of the information and the limitations of these methods for gauging the final result. In this review, we present the main techniques that have shaped the current views about α-syn structure and dynamics, with particular emphasis on the recent breakthroughs that may change our understanding of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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12
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Hmila I, Sudhakaran IP, Ghanem SS, Vaikath NN, Poggiolini I, Abdesselem H, El-Agnaf OMA. Inhibition of α-Synuclein Seeding-Dependent Aggregation by ssDNA Aptamers Specific to C-Terminally Truncated α-Synuclein Fibrils. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3330-3341. [PMID: 36348612 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathologically, Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by the accumulation of insoluble aggregates of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the Lewy bodies (LBs). In addition to full-length α-syn fibrils, C-terminally truncated α-syn is also abundant in the LBs that acts as seeds and facilitates the aggregation of the full-length α-syn in vitro and in vivo and induces toxicity. Hence, identifying molecules that can inhibit the seeding activity of these truncated forms is of great importance. Here, we report the first in vitro selection of aptamers targeting the fibrillar forms of different C-terminally truncated α-syn using systematic evolution by an exponential enrichment method followed by quantitative high-throughput DNA sequencing. We identify a panel of aptamers that bound with high specificity to different truncated forms of α-syn fibrils with no cross-reactivity toward other amyloid fibrils. Interestingly, two of the aptamers (named Apt11 and Apt15) show higher affinity to most C-terminally truncated forms of α-syn fibrils with an evident inhibition of α-syn-seeded aggregation in vitro by Apt11. This inhibition is further confirmed by circular dichroism, Congo red binding assay, and electronic microscopy. Moreover, Apt11 is also found to reduce the insoluble phosphorylated form of α-syn at Ser-129 (pS129-α-syn) in the cell model and also can inhibit α-syn aggregation using RT-QuIC reactions seeded with brain homogenates extracted from patients affected by PD. The aptamers discovered in this study represent potential useful tools for research and diagnostics or therapy toward PD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Hmila
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Indulekha P Sudhakaran
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Simona S Ghanem
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Nishant N Vaikath
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Ilaria Poggiolini
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Houari Abdesselem
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
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13
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Chen M, Vincent J, Ezeanii A, Wakade S, Yerigenahally S, Mor DE. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate prion-like α-synuclein toxicity in Parkinson's in vivo models. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201366. [PMID: 35790300 PMCID: PMC9259873 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study offers new Caenorhabditis elegans models in which feeding with α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils results in prion-like aggregation of host α-synuclein and dopamine neuron degeneration, and these disease phenotypes are regulated by the heparan sulfate proteoglycan pathway. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor decline and the aggregation of α-synuclein protein. Growing evidence suggests that α-synuclein aggregates may spread from neurons of the digestive tract to the central nervous system in a prion-like manner, yet the mechanisms of α-synuclein transmission and neurotoxicity remain poorly understood. Animal models that are amenable to high-throughput investigations are needed to facilitate the discovery of disease mechanisms. Here we describe the first Caenorhabditis elegans models in which feeding with α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) induces dopaminergic neurodegeneration, prion-like seeding of aggregation of human α-synuclein expressed in the host, and an associated motor decline. RNAi-mediated knockdown of the C. elegans syndecan sdn-1, or other enzymes involved in heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis, protected against PFF-induced α-synuclein aggregation, motor dysfunction, and dopamine neuron degeneration. This work offers new models by which to investigate gut-derived α-synuclein spreading and propagation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry Chen
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Julie Vincent
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Alexis Ezeanii
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Saurabh Wakade
- College of Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shobha Yerigenahally
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Danielle E Mor
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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14
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Bae EJ, Choi M, Kim JT, Kim DK, Jung MK, Kim C, Kim TK, Lee JS, Jung BC, Shin SJ, Rhee KH, Lee SJ. TNF-α promotes α-synuclein propagation through stimulation of senescence-associated lysosomal exocytosis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:788-800. [PMID: 35790884 PMCID: PMC9352737 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein is thought to be the underlying mechanism of Parkinson's disease progression. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the propagation of protein aggregates. However, the mechanism by which inflammation regulates the propagation of aggregates remains unknown. Here, using in vitro cultures, we found that soluble factors secreted from activated microglia promote cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein and further showed that among these soluble factors, TNF-α had the most robust stimulatory activity. Treatment of neurons with TNF-α triggered cellular senescence, as shown by transcriptomic analyses demonstrating induction of senescence-associated genes and immunoanalysis of senescence phenotype marker proteins. Interestingly, secretion of α-synuclein was increased in senescent neurons, reflecting acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Using vacuolin-1, an inhibitor of lysosomal exocytosis, and RNAi against rab27a, we demonstrated that the SASP was mediated by lysosomal exocytosis. Correlative light and electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that propagating α-synuclein aggregates were present in electron-dense lysosome-like compartments. TNF-α promoted the SASP through stimulation of lysosomal exocytosis, thereby increasing the secretion of α-synuclein. Collectively, these results suggest that TNF-α is the major inflammatory factor that drives cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein by promoting the SASP and subsequent secretion of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Bae
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Min Kyo Jung
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41068, Korea
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sport Science Institute, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, 05541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuramedy Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jung
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Soo Jean Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Hyun Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Zuo L, Dai C, Yi L, Dong Z. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone ameliorates motor deficits via regulating autophagy in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:254. [PMID: 34545064 PMCID: PMC8452727 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and diminished dopamine content in the striatum. Recent reports show that 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), a TrkB agonist, attenuates the α-synuclein deposition and ameliorates motor deficits. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether autophagy is involved in the clearance of α-synuclein and the signaling pathway through which DHF exerts therapeutic effects. We found that the administration of DHF (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) prevented the loss of dopaminergic neurons and improved motor functions in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD, whereas these protective effects of DHF were completely blocked by autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Further in vitro studies showed that autophagy was inhibited in N2A cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), as reflected by a significant decrease in the expressions of autophagy marker proteins (Beclin1 and LC3II) and an increase in the expression of autophagic flux marker p62. DHF restored the impaired autophagy to control level in MPP+-treated N2A cells by inhibiting the ERK-LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway. Taken together, these results demonstrate that DHF exerts therapeutic effects in MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting the ERK-LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway and subsequently improving impaired autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Chunfang Dai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lilin Yi
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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16
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Gordevicius J, Li P, Marshall LL, Killinger BA, Lang S, Ensink E, Kuhn NC, Cui W, Maroof N, Lauria R, Rueb C, Siebourg-Polster J, Maliver P, Lamp J, Vega I, Manfredsson FP, Britschgi M, Labrie V. Epigenetic inactivation of the autophagy-lysosomal system in appendix in Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5134. [PMID: 34446734 PMCID: PMC8390554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract may be a site of origin for α-synuclein pathology in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruption of the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) may contribute to α-synuclein aggregation. Here we examined epigenetic alterations in the ALP in the appendix by deep sequencing DNA methylation at 521 ALP genes. We identified aberrant methylation at 928 cytosines affecting 326 ALP genes in the appendix of individuals with PD and widespread hypermethylation that is also seen in the brain of individuals with PD. In mice, we find that DNA methylation changes at ALP genes induced by chronic gut inflammation are greatly exacerbated by α-synuclein pathology. DNA methylation changes at ALP genes induced by synucleinopathy are associated with the ALP abnormalities observed in the appendix of individuals with PD specifically involving lysosomal genes. Our work identifies epigenetic dysregulation of the ALP which may suggest a potential mechanism for accumulation of α-synuclein pathology in idiopathic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juozas Gordevicius
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Peipei Li
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Lee L Marshall
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bryan A Killinger
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean Lang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ensink
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Nathan C Kuhn
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Wei Cui
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Nazia Maroof
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Lauria
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Rueb
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Siebourg-Polster
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maliver
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jared Lamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Unit, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Irving Vega
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Unit, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Fredric P Manfredsson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Parkinson's Disease Research Unit, Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Markus Britschgi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Labrie
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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17
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Li R, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Liu W, Yang R, Jiao J, Liu J, Gao G, Yang H. Piperine promotes autophagy flux by P2RX4 activation in SNCA/α-synuclein-induced Parkinson disease model. Autophagy 2021; 18:559-575. [PMID: 34092198 PMCID: PMC9037522 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1937897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction, one of the earliest non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD), is accompanied by abnormal deposition of SNCA/α-synuclein in the olfactory bulb (OB). The macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) plays an important role in degrading pathological SNCA and modulating this pathway may be a promising treatment strategy. P2RX4 (purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 4), a member of the purinergic receptor X family, is a key molecule regulating ALP. Piperine (PIP) is a Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of PIP on SNCA overexpression-induced PD cell and mouse models. We found that PIP oral administration (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 6 weeks attenuated olfactory deficits and delayed motor deficits in Thy 1-SNCA transgenic mice overexpressing human SNCA. This was accompanied by a degradation of pathological SNCA in OB. In addition, PIP improved cell viability and promoted degradation of human SNCA in SK-N-SH cells. These protective effects were exerted via autophagy flux promotion by enhancing autophagosome-lysosome membrane fusion. Furthermore, tandem mass tag proteomics analyses showed that P2RX4 plays an important role in PIP treatment-induced activation of autophagy flux. These findings demonstrate that PIP exerts neuroprotective effects in PD models via promotion of autophagy flux and may be an effective agent for PD treatment. Abbreviations: 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine; ALP, autophagy-lysosome pathway; BafA1, bafilomycin A1; CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; IVE, ivermectin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MAP1LC3/LC3-II, lipid-conjugated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; mRFP-GFP, tandem monomeric red fluorescent protein-green fluorescent protein; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; OB, olfactory bulb; P2RX4, purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 4; PD, Parkinson disease; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PI: propidium iodide; PIP, piperine; PLG, piperlongumine; p-SNCA, SNCA phosphorylated at Ser129; Rap, rapamycin; RT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor; SNCA/α-synuclein, synuclein, alpha; STX17, syntaxin17; TG, transgenic; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; UPS, ubiquitin-proteasome system; WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Li
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Yongquan Lu
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qidi Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Liu
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Runing Yang
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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18
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Jayaraj RL, Beiram R, Azimullah S, M. F. NM, Ojha SK, Adem A, Jalal FY. Noscapine Prevents Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Autophagy Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:4627. [PMID: 34361780 PMCID: PMC8348109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the resultant loss of dopamine in the striatum. Various studies have shown that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation plays a major role in PD progression. In addition, the autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) plays an important role in the degradation of aggregated proteins, abnormal cytoplasmic organelles and proteins for intracellular homeostasis. Dysfunction of ALP results in the accumulation of α-synuclein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Thus, modulating ALP is becoming an appealing therapeutic intervention. In our current study, we wanted to evaluate the neuroprotective potency of noscapine in a rotenone-induced PD rat model. Rats were administered rotenone injections (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.,) daily followed by noscapine (10 mg/kg, i.p.,) for four weeks. Noscapine, an iso-qinulinin alkaloid found naturally in the Papaveraceae family, has traditionally been used in the treatment of cancer, stroke and fibrosis. However, the neuroprotective potency of noscapine has not been analyzed. Our study showed that administration of noscapine decreased the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and α-synuclein expression with a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes. In addition, noscapine prevented rotenone-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes. These neuroprotective mechanisms resulted in a decrease in dopaminergic neuron loss in SNpc and neuronal fibers in the striatum. Further, noscapine administration enhanced the mTOR-mediated p70S6K pathway as well as inhibited apoptosis. In addition to these mechanisms, noscapine prevented a rotenone-mediated increase in lysosomal degradation, resulting in a decrease in α-synuclein aggregation. However, further studies are needed to further develop noscapine as a potential therapeutic candidate for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Jayaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Nagoor Meeran M. F.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Abdu Adem
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fakhreya Yousuf Jalal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
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Ha TY, Choi YR, Noh HR, Cha SH, Kim JB, Park SM. Age-related increase in caveolin-1 expression facilitates cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein in neurons. Mol Brain 2021; 14:122. [PMID: 34321069 PMCID: PMC8320051 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, with aging being considered the greatest risk factor for developing PD. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is known to participate in the aging process. Recent evidence indicates that prion-like propagation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) released from neurons to neighboring neurons plays an important role in PD progression. In the present study, we demonstrated that cav-1 expression in the brain increased with age, and considerably increased in the brain of A53T α-syn transgenic mice. Cav-1 overexpression facilitated the uptake of α-syn into neurons and formation of additional Lewy body-like inclusion bodies, phosphorylation of cav-1 at tyrosine 14 was found to be crucial for this process. This study demonstrates the relationship between age and α-syn spread and will facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yu Ree Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye Rin Noh
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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20
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Lashuel HA. Alpha-Synuclein oligomerization and aggregation: All models are useful but only if we know what they model: This is the reply to a comment "Alpha-synuclein oligomerization and aggregation: A model will always be a model" on the original article "Monitoring alpha-synuclein oligomerization and aggregation using bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays: What you see is not always what you get". The articles are accompanied by a Preface "How good are cellular models?". J Neurochem 2021; 157:891-898. [PMID: 33336386 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein oligomerization is one of the early events on the pathway to Lewy body formation. Therefore, interfering with this process holds tremendous potential for developing therapies that block α-Syn pathology formation and toxicity. The development of robust and reliable cellular models of alpha-synuclein oligomerization is one important step toward achieving this goal. Unlike α-Syn fibrils, which can be detected and labeled using multiple tools and validated antibodies, α-Syn oligomers are very difficult to differentiate from soluble monomeric α-Syn in cells. This has led to increased reliance on fusing fluorescent proteins or fragments thereof to α-Syn to develop assays and cellular models to investigate α-Syn oligomerization. We recently presented results that highlight the limitation of one of these assays, the α-Syn Bimolecular Fluorescence (BIFC) assay (Frey et al. 2020b). Our findings underscored the critical importance of characterizing and validating cellular models before their use in mechanistic studies or drug discovery studies. In this commentary, I present my response to Dr Tiago Outeiro's recent commentary on this work, expand on our previous discussions on the BIFC assay, and propose an integrated approach for the development characterization, validation, and improvements of cellular models of α-Syn oligomerization and aggregation. Having access to multiple well-characterized and validated cellular models is essential not only for advancing our understanding of the biology of α-Syn and PD but also to identify novel therapeutic targets and drugs that could be successfully developed into treatments for PD and synucleinopathies. The more reliable the models, the faster we are likely to achieve these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH, USA
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21
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La Spina M, Contreras PS, Rissone A, Meena NK, Jeong E, Martina JA. MiT/TFE Family of Transcription Factors: An Evolutionary Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:609683. [PMID: 33490073 PMCID: PMC7815692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Response and adaptation to stress are critical for the survival of all living organisms. The regulation of the transcriptional machinery is an important aspect of these complex processes. The members of the microphthalmia (MiT/TFE) family of transcription factors, apart from their involvement in melanocyte biology, are emerging as key players in a wide range of cellular functions in response to a plethora of internal and external stresses. The MiT/TFE proteins are structurally related and conserved through evolution. Their tissue expression and activities are highly regulated by alternative splicing, promoter usage, and posttranslational modifications. Here, we summarize the functions of MiT/TFE proteins as master transcriptional regulators across evolution and discuss the contribution of animal models to our understanding of the various roles of these transcription factors. We also highlight the importance of deciphering transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the quest for potential therapeutic targets for human diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina La Spina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pablo S Contreras
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alberto Rissone
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Naresh K Meena
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eutteum Jeong
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - José A Martina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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22
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Frey B, AlOkda A, Jackson MP, Riguet N, Duce JA, Lashuel HA. Monitoring alpha-synuclein oligomerization and aggregation using bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays: What you see is not always what you get. J Neurochem 2020; 157:872-888. [PMID: 32772367 PMCID: PMC8246987 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) was introduced a decade ago as a method to monitor alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn) oligomerization in intact cells. Since then, several α‐syn BiFC cellular assays and animal models have been developed based on the assumption that an increase in the fluorescent signal correlates with increased α‐syn oligomerization or aggregation. Despite the increasing use of these assays and models in mechanistic studies, target validation and drug screening, there have been no reports that (1) validate the extent to which the BiFC fluorescent signal correlates with α‐syn oligomerization at the biochemical level; (2) provide a structural characterization of the oligomers and aggregates formed by the BiFC. To address this knowledge gap, we first analysed the expression level and oligomerization properties of the individual constituents of α‐syn‐Venus, one of the most commonly used BiFC systems, in HEK‐293 & SH‐SY5Y cells from three different laboratories using multiple biochemical approaches and techniques. Next, we investigated the biochemical and aggregation properties of α‐syn upon co‐expression of both BiFC fragments. Our results show that (1) the C‐terminal‐Venus fused to α‐syn (α‐syn‐Vc) is present in much lower abundance than its counterpart with N‐terminal‐Venus fused to α‐syn (Vn‐α‐syn); (2) Vn‐α‐syn exhibits a high propensity to form oligomers and higher‐order aggregates; and (3) the expression of either or both fragments does not result in the formation of α‐syn fibrils or cellular inclusions. Furthermore, our results suggest that only a small fraction of Vn‐α‐syn is involved in the formation of the fluorescent BiFC complex and that some of the fluorescent signal may arise from the association or entrapment of α‐syn‐Vc in Vn‐α‐syn aggregates. The fact that the N‐terminal fragment exists predominantly in an aggregated state also indicates that one must exercise caution when using this system to investigate α‐syn oligomerization in cells or in vivo. Altogether, our results suggest that cellular and animal models of oligomerization, aggregation and cell‐to‐cell transmission based on the α‐syn BiFC systems should be thoroughly characterized at the biochemical level to ensure that they reproduce the process of interest and measure what they are intended to measure. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Frey
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abdelrahman AlOkda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew P Jackson
- The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathan Riguet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James A Duce
- The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Kiechle M, von Einem B, Höfs L, Voehringer P, Grozdanov V, Markx D, Parlato R, Wiesner D, Mayer B, Sakk O, Baumann B, Lukassen S, Liss B, Ekici AB, Ludolph AC, Walther P, Ferger B, McLean PJ, Falkenburger BH, Weishaupt JH, Danzer KM. In Vivo Protein Complementation Demonstrates Presynaptic α-Synuclein Oligomerization and Age-Dependent Accumulation of 8-16-mer Oligomer Species. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2862-2874.e9. [PMID: 31775051 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and formation of Lewy bodies are neuropathological characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related α-synucleinopathies. Oligomerization and spreading of α-syn from neuron to neuron have been suggested as key events contributing to the progression of PD. To directly visualize and characterize α-syn oligomerization and spreading in vivo, we generated two independent conditional transgenic mouse models based on α-syn protein complementation assays using neuron-specifically expressed split Gaussia luciferase or split Venus yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). These transgenic mice allow direct assessment of the quantity and subcellular distribution of α-syn oligomers in vivo. Using these mouse models, we demonstrate an age-dependent accumulation of a specific subtype of α-syn oligomers. We provide in vivo evidence that, although α-syn is found throughout neurons, α-syn oligomerization takes place at the presynapse. Furthermore, our mouse models provide strong evidence for a transsynaptic cell-to-cell transfer of de novo generated α-syn oligomers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lennart Höfs
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrizia Voehringer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Markx
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rosanna Parlato
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Diana Wiesner
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olena Sakk
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Soeren Lukassen
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; New College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3BN, UK
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Boris Ferger
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Pamela J McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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24
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C. elegans Models to Study the Propagation of Prions and Prion-Like Proteins. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081188. [PMID: 32824215 PMCID: PMC7464663 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark common to many age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is that patients develop proteinaceous deposits in their central nervous system (CNS). The progressive spreading of these inclusions from initially affected sites to interconnected brain areas is reminiscent of the behavior of bona fide prions in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), hence the term prion-like proteins has been coined. Despite intensive research, the exact mechanisms that facilitate the spreading of protein aggregation between cells, and the associated loss of neurons, remain poorly understood. As population demographics in many countries continue to shift to higher life expectancy, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is also rising. This represents a major challenge for healthcare systems and patients’ families, since patients require extensive support over several years and there is still no therapy to cure or stop these diseases. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans offers unique opportunities to accelerate research and drug development due to its genetic amenability, its transparency, and the high degree of conservation of molecular pathways. Here, we will review how recent studies that utilize this soil dwelling nematode have proceeded to investigate the propagation and intercellular transmission of prions and prion-like proteins and discuss their relevance by comparing their findings to observations in other model systems and patients.
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25
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Li L, Hölscher C. Semaglutide is Neuroprotective and Reduces α-Synuclein Levels in the Chronic MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 9:157-171. [PMID: 30741689 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-181503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological motor control disorder. A key feature is the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (α-syn). No current treatment is on the market that slows or halts disease progression. Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have neuroprotective effects in animal models of PD. In addition, in a phase II clinical trial, the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 has shown good protective effects in PD patients. In the present study, we have investigated the neuroprotective effects of the GLP-1 analogues semaglutide (25 nmol/kg ip. once every two days for 30 days) and liraglutide (25 nmol/kg ip. once daily for 30 days) in the chronic MPTP mouse model of PD. Both drugs are currently on the market as a treatment for Type II diabetes. Our results show that both semaglutide and liraglutide improved MPTP-induced motor impairments. In addition, both drugs rescued the decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels, reduced the accumulation of α-syn, alleviated the chronic inflammation response in the brain, reduced lipid peroxidation, and inhibited the mitochondrial mitophagy signaling pathway, and furthermore increased expression of the key growth factor GDNF that protects dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum. Moreover, the long- acting GLP-1 analogue semaglutide was more potent compared with once daily liraglutide in most parameters measured in this study. Our results demonstrate that semaglutide may be a promising treatment for PD. A clinical trial testing semaglutide in PD patients will start shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - LingYu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Department of Second Hospital Neurology, Shanxi medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.,Research and Experimental Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China
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26
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Lee JS, Kanai K, Suzuki M, Kim WS, Yoo HS, Fu Y, Kim DK, Jung BC, Choi M, Oh KW, Li Y, Nakatani M, Nakazato T, Sekimoto S, Funayama M, Yoshino H, Kubo SI, Nishioka K, Sakai R, Ueyama M, Mochizuki H, Lee HJ, Sardi SP, Halliday GM, Nagai Y, Lee PH, Hattori N, Lee SJ. Arylsulfatase A, a genetic modifier of Parkinson's disease, is an α-synuclein chaperone. Brain 2020; 142:2845-2859. [PMID: 31312839 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in lysosomal genes increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, as is the case for Parkinson's disease. Here, we found that pathogenic and protective mutations in arylsulfatase A (ARSA), a gene responsible for metachromatic leukodystrophy, a lysosomal storage disorder, are linked to Parkinson's disease. Plasma ARSA protein levels were changed in Parkinson's disease patients. ARSA deficiency caused increases in α-synuclein aggregation and secretion, and increases in α-synuclein propagation in cells and nematodes. Despite being a lysosomal protein, ARSA directly interacts with α-synuclein in the cytosol. The interaction was more extensive with protective ARSA variant and less with pathogenic ARSA variant than wild-type. ARSA inhibited the in vitro fibrillation of α-synuclein in a dose-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of ARSA reversed the α-synuclein phenotypes in both cell and fly models of synucleinopathy, the effects correlating with the extent of the physical interaction between these molecules. Collectively, these results suggest that ARSA is a genetic modifier of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, acting as a molecular chaperone for α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kazuaki Kanai
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mari Suzuki
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.,Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Woojin S Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - YuHong Fu
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minsun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Won Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakatani
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakazato
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoko Sekimoto
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Yoshino
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kubo
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Sakai
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Morio Ueyama
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - He-Jin Lee
- Departmen of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Sandhof CA, Hoppe SO, Druffel-Augustin S, Gallrein C, Kirstein J, Voisine C, Nussbaum-Krammer C. Reducing INS-IGF1 signaling protects against non-cell autonomous vesicle rupture caused by SNCA spreading. Autophagy 2020; 16:878-899. [PMID: 31354022 PMCID: PMC7144869 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1643657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a gradual decline of cellular proteostasis, giving rise to devastating protein misfolding diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD) or Parkinson disease (PD). These diseases often exhibit a complex pathology involving non-cell autonomous proteotoxic effects, which are still poorly understood. Using Caenorhabditis elegans we investigated how local protein misfolding is affecting neighboring cells and tissues showing that misfolded PD-associated SNCA/α-synuclein is accumulating in highly dynamic endo-lysosomal vesicles. Irrespective of whether being expressed in muscle cells or dopaminergic neurons, accumulated proteins were transmitted into the hypodermis with increasing age, indicating that epithelial cells might play a role in remote degradation when the local endo-lysosomal degradation capacity is overloaded. Cell biological and genetic approaches revealed that inter-tissue dissemination of SNCA was regulated by endo- and exocytosis (neuron/muscle to hypodermis) and basement membrane remodeling (muscle to hypodermis). Transferred SNCA conformers were, however, inefficiently cleared and induced endo-lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Remarkably, reducing INS (insulin)-IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) signaling provided protection by maintaining endo-lysosomal integrity. This study suggests that the degradation of lysosomal substrates is coordinated across different tissues in metazoan organisms. Because the chronic dissemination of poorly degradable disease proteins into neighboring tissues exerts a non-cell autonomous toxicity, this implies that restoring endo-lysosomal function not only in cells with pathological inclusions, but also in apparently unaffected cell types might help to halt disease progression.Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer disease; BM: basement membrane; BWM: body wall muscle; CEP: cephalic sensilla; CLEM: correlative light and electron microscopy; CTNS-1: cystinosin (lysosomal protein) homolog; DA: dopaminergic; DAF-2: abnormal dauer formation; ECM: extracellular matrix; FLIM: fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy; fps: frames per second; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HPF: high pressure freezing; IGF1: insulin-like growth factor 1; INS: insulin; KD: knockdown; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MVB: multivesicular body; NOC: nocodazole; PD: Parkinson disease; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RNAi: RNA interference; sfGFP: superfolder GFP; SNCA: synuclein alpha; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TNTs: tunneling nanotubes; TCSPC: time correlated single photon counting; YFP: yellow fluorescent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Alexander Sandhof
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Oliver Hoppe
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Druffel-Augustin
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gallrein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Kirstein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindy Voisine
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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Miki Y, Holton JL, Wakabayashi K. Autophagy in neurodegeneration and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3632-3633. [PMID: 30428452 PMCID: PMC6326697 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Miki
- the Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Janice L Holton
- the Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki, Japan
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Pourhanifeh MH, Shafabakhsh R, Reiter RJ, Asemi Z. The Effect of Resveratrol on Neurodegenerative Disorders: Possible Protective Actions Against Autophagy, Apoptosis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2178-2191. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190717110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the loss of neuronal function is rapidly
increasing. The pathogenesis of the majority of these diseases is not entirely clear, but current evidence has
shown the possibility that autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress are involved. The present
review summarizes the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on neurodegenerative disorders, based on the especially
molecular biology of these diseases. The PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus databases were
searched for studies published in English until March 30th, 2019 that contained data for the role of inflammation,
oxidative stress, angiogenesis and apoptosis in the neurodegenerative disorders. There are also studies documenting
the role of molecular processes in the progression of central nervous system diseases. Based on current evidence,
resveratrol has potential properties that may reduce cell damage due to inflammation. This polyphenol
affects cellular processes, including autophagy and the apoptosis cascade under stressful conditions. Current
evidence supports the beneficial effects of resveratrol on the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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30
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Imanikia S, Özbey NP, Krueger C, Casanueva MO, Taylor RC. Neuronal XBP-1 Activates Intestinal Lysosomes to Improve Proteostasis in C. elegans. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2322-2338.e7. [PMID: 31303493 PMCID: PMC6658570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) is a crucial mediator of secretory pathway homeostasis. Expression of the spliced and active form of the UPRER transcription factor XBP-1, XBP-1s, in the nervous system triggers activation of the UPRER in the intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) through release of a secreted signal, leading to increased longevity. We find that expression of XBP-1s in the neurons or intestine of the worm strikingly improves proteostasis in multiple tissues, through increased clearance of toxic proteins. To identify the mechanisms behind this enhanced proteostasis, we conducted intestine-specific RNA-seq analysis to identify genes upregulated in the intestine when XBP-1s is expressed in neurons. This revealed that neuronal XBP-1s increases the expression of genes involved in lysosome function. Lysosomes in the intestine of animals expressing neuronal XBP-1s are more acidic, and lysosomal protease activity is higher. Moreover, intestinal lysosome function is necessary for enhanced lifespan and proteostasis. These findings suggest that activation of the UPRER in the intestine through neuronal signaling can increase the activity of lysosomes, leading to extended longevity and improved proteostasis across tissues. Xbp-1s expressed in the neurons or intestine of C. elegans improves proteostasis Neuronal xbp-1s drives expression of lysosomal genes in the intestine Intestinal lysosomes show enhanced acidity and activity upon xbp-1s expression Lysosome function is required for xbp-1s to increase proteostasis and longevity
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Imanikia
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Neşem P Özbey
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Christel Krueger
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Rebecca C Taylor
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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31
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Vaikath NN, Hmila I, Gupta V, Erskine D, Ingelsson M, El-Agnaf OMA. Antibodies against alpha-synuclein: tools and therapies. J Neurochem 2019; 150:612-625. [PMID: 31055836 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy are characterized by the abnormal accumulation and propagation of α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology in the central and peripheral nervous system as Lewy bodies or glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Several antibodies against α-syn have been developed since it was first detected as the major component of Lewy bodies and glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Over the years, researchers have generated specific antibodies that alleviate the accumulation of intracellular aggregated α-syn and associated pathology in cellular and preclinical models of synucleinopathies. So far, antibodies have been the first choice as tools for research and diagnosis and currently, a wide variety of antibody fragments have been developed as an alternative to full-length antibodies for increasing its therapeutic usefulness. Recently, conformation specific antibody-based approaches have been found to be promising as therapeutic strategies, both to block α-syn aggregation and ameliorate the resultant cytotoxicity, and as diagnostic tools. In this review, we summarize different α-syn specific antibodies and provide their usefulness in tackling synucleinopathies. This article is part of the Special Issue "Synuclein".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant N Vaikath
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Issam Hmila
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Daniel Erskine
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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32
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Youssef K, Tandon A, Rezai P. Studying Parkinson’s disease using Caenorhabditis elegans models in microfluidic devices. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 11:186-207. [DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the substantia nigra and the widespread accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) protein, leading to motor impairments and eventual cognitive dysfunction. In-vitro cell cultures and in-vivo animal models have provided the opportunity to investigate the PD pathological hallmarks and identify different therapeutic compounds. However, PD pathogenesis and causes are still not well understood, and effective inhibitory drugs for PD are yet to be discovered. Biologically simple but pathologically relevant disease models and advanced screening technologies are needed to reveal the mechanisms underpinning protein aggregation and PD progression. For instance, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) offers many advantages for fundamental PD neurobehavioral studies including a simple, well-mapped, and accessible neuronal system, genetic homology to humans, body transparency and amenability to genetic manipulation. Several transgenic worm strains that exhibit multiple PD-related phenotypes have been developed to perform neuronal and behavioral assays and drug screening. However, in conventional worm-based assays, the commonly used techniques are equipment-intensive, slow and low in throughput. Over the past two decades, microfluidics technology has contributed significantly to automation and control of C. elegans assays. In this review, we focus on C. elegans PD models and the recent advancements in microfluidic platforms used for manipulation, handling and neurobehavioral screening of these models. Moreover, we highlight the potential of C. elegans to elucidate the in-vivo mechanisms of neuron-to-neuron protein transfer that may underlie spreading Lewy pathology in PD, and its suitability for in-vitro studies. Given the advantages of C. elegans and microfluidics technology, their integration has the potential to facilitate the investigation of disease pathology and discovery of potential chemical leads for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Youssef
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anurag Tandon
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pouya Rezai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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33
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Ho DH, Seol W, Son I. Upregulation of the p53-p21 pathway by G2019S LRRK2 contributes to the cellular senescence and accumulation of α-synuclein. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:467-475. [PMID: 30712480 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1577666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (LB) in neurons. α-Synuclein (αSyn) is a major component of LB and promote the PD pathogenesis via its accumulation by the impaired proteasomal or autophagic clearance. Numerous studies have revealed that the reduction of proteasome activity and autophagy is accelerated by cellular senescence. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) contributes to PD progression and its most prevalent mutation, G2019S LRRK2, increases its activity. Our previous report has shown that the G2019S LRRK2 mutant promoted p53-induced p21 expression and neuronal cytotoxicity. The p53-p21 pathway plays a role in cellular senescence. We hypothesized that the loss of dopaminergic neurons by the stimulated p53-p21 pathway via the G2019S LRRK2 mutation might be associated with cellular senescence, thereby promoting the accumulation of αSyn. We confirmed that the ectopic expression of the phosphomimetic p53 mutant, p21, or G2019 in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells increased the following: 1) the expression of β-galactosidase, a marker of cellular senescence, and the activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, 2) endogenous αSyn protein level, but not its mRNA level, and 3) αSyn fibril accumulation in dSH-SY5Y via low proteasome and cathepsin D activities. Elevated oligomeric αSyn and the increase in β-galactosidase with induced p21 were observed in brain lysates of G2019S transgenic mice. Our results suggest that cellular senescence is promoted via the p53-p21 pathway due to the G2019S LRRK2 mutation. Eventually, decreased protein degradation by G2019S-mediated senescence could accelerate αSyn aggregate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Ho
- a InAm Neuroscience Research Center , Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University , Gunposhi , Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Seol
- a InAm Neuroscience Research Center , Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University , Gunposhi , Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhong Son
- a InAm Neuroscience Research Center , Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University , Gunposhi , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Neurology, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine , Wonkwang University , Gunposhi , Republic of Korea
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34
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Zhao YF, Qiong-Zhang, Zhang JF, Lou ZY, Zu HB, Wang ZG, Zeng WC, Kai-Yao, Xiao BG. The Synergy of Aging and LPS Exposure in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Aging Dis 2018; 9:785-797. [PMID: 30271656 PMCID: PMC6147589 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable physiological challenge occurring in organisms over time, and is also the most important risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we observed cellular and molecular changes of different age mice and LPS-induced Parkinson disease (PD) model. The results showed that behavioral performance and dopaminergic (DA) neurons were declined, accompanied by increased expression of pro-inflammatory factors (TLR2, p-NF-kB-p65, IL-1β and TNF-α), as well as pro-oxidative stress factor gp91phox in aged mice compared with young mice. Aging exaggerated inflammatory M1 microglia, and destroyed the balance between oxidation and anti-oxidation. The intranasal LPS instillation induced PD model in both young and aged mice. The poor behavioral performance and the loss of DA neurons as well as TLR2, p-NF-kB-p65, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS and gp91phox were further aggravated in LPS-aged mice. Interestingly, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was up-regulated by LPS only in young LPS-PD mice, but not in aged mice. The results indicate that the synergy of aging process and LPS exposure may prominently aggravate the DA neurons loss caused by more serious neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fei Zhao
- 1Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong-Zhang
- 2Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- 1Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yin Lou
- 3Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hen-Bing Zu
- 1Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Gao Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Zeng
- 1Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Yao
- 1Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- 2Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Non-cell-autonomous actions of α-synuclein: Implications in glial synucleinopathies. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 169:158-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Bae EJ, Kim DK, Kim C, Mante M, Adame A, Rockenstein E, Ulusoy A, Klinkenberg M, Jeong GR, Bae JR, Lee C, Lee HJ, Lee BD, Di Monte DA, Masliah E, Lee SJ. LRRK2 kinase regulates α-synuclein propagation via RAB35 phosphorylation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3465. [PMID: 30150626 PMCID: PMC6110743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Propagation of α-synuclein aggregates has been suggested as a contributing factor in Parkinson's disease (PD) progression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying α-synuclein aggregation are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate in cell culture, nematode, and rodent models of PD that leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a PD-linked kinase, modulates α-synuclein propagation in a kinase activity-dependent manner. The PD-linked G2019S mutation in LRRK2, which increases kinase activity, enhances propagation efficiency. Furthermore, we show that the role of LRRK2 in α-synuclein propagation is mediated by RAB35 phosphorylation. Constitutive activation of RAB35 overrides the reduced α-synuclein propagation phenotype in lrk-1 mutant C. elegans. Finally, in a mouse model of synucleinopathy, administration of an LRRK2 kinase inhibitor reduced α-synuclein aggregation via enhanced interaction of α-synuclein with the lysosomal degradation pathway. These results suggest that LRRK2-mediated RAB35 phosphorylation is a potential therapeutic target for modifying disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Bae
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael Mante
- Department Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ayse Ulusoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 27, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Klinkenberg
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 27, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ga Ram Jeong
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jae Ryul Bae
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Cheolsoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - He-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Donato A Di Monte
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 27, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Baxi K, de Carvalho CE. Assessing Lysosomal Alkalinization in the Intestine of Live Caenorhabditis elegans. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29708551 DOI: 10.3791/57414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a model system that is widely used to study longevity and developmental pathways. Such studies are facilitated by the transparency of the animal, the ability to do forward and reverse genetic assays, the relative ease of generating fluorescently labeled proteins, and the use of fluorescent dyes that can either be microinjected into the early embryo or incorporated into its food (E. coli strain OP50) to label cellular organelles (e.g. 9-diethylamino-5H-benzo(a)phenoxazine-5-one and (3-{2-[(1H,1'H-2,2'-bipyrrol-5-yl-kappaN(1))methylidene]-2H-pyrrol-5-yl-kappaN}-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]propanamidato)(difluoro)boron). Here, we present the use of a fluorescent pH-sensitive dye that stains intestinal lysosomes, providing a visual readout of dynamic, physiological changes in lysosomal acidity in live worms. This protocol does not measure lysosomal pH, but rather aims to establish a reliable method of assessing physiological relevant variations in lysosomal acidity. cDCFDA is a cell-permeant compound that is converted to the fluorescent fluorophore 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (cDCF) upon hydrolysis by intracellular esterases. Protonation inside lysosomes traps cDCF in these organelles, where it accumulates. Due to its low pKa of 4.8, this dye has been used as a pH sensor in yeast. Here we describe the use of cDCFDA as a food supplement to assess the acidity of intestinal lysosomes in C. elegans. This technique allows for the detection of alkalinizing lysosomes in live animals, and has a broad range of experimental applications including studies on aging, autophagy, and lysosomal biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Baxi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan
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38
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Donnelly KM, Pearce MMP. Monitoring Cell-to-cell Transmission of Prion-like Protein Aggregates in Drosophila Melanogaster. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29578503 DOI: 10.3791/56906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a central feature of most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Protein aggregates are closely associated with neuropathology in these diseases, although the exact mechanism by which aberrant protein aggregation disrupts normal cellular homeostasis is not known. Emerging data provide strong support for the hypothesis that pathogenic aggregates in AD, PD, HD, and ALS have many similarities to prions, which are protein-only infectious agents responsible for the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Prions self-replicate by templating the conversion of natively-folded versions of the same protein, causing spread of the aggregation phenotype. How prions and prion-like proteins in AD, PD, HD, and ALS move from one cell to another is currently an area of intense investigation. Here, a Drosophila melanogaster model that permits monitoring of prion-like, cell-to-cell transmission of mutant huntingtin (Htt) aggregates associated with HD is described. This model takes advantage of powerful tools for manipulating transgene expression in many different Drosophila tissues and utilizes a fluorescently-tagged cytoplasmic protein to directly report prion-like transfer of mutant Htt aggregates. Importantly, the approach we describe here can be used to identify novel genes and pathways that mediate spreading of protein aggregates between diverse cell types in vivo. Information gained from these studies will expand the limited understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie neurodegenerative diseases and reveal new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Liu J, Liu W, Lu Y, Tian H, Duan C, Lu L, Gao G, Wu X, Wang X, Yang H. Piperlongumine restores the balance of autophagy and apoptosis by increasing BCL2 phosphorylation in rotenone-induced Parkinson disease models. Autophagy 2018; 14:845-861. [PMID: 29433359 PMCID: PMC6070010 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1390636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease and is caused by genetics, environmental factors and aging, with few treatments currently available. Apoptosis and macroautophagy/autophagy play critical roles in PD pathogenesis; as such, modulating their balance is a potential treatment strategy. BCL2 (B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2) is a key molecule regulating this balance. Piperlongumine (PLG) is an alkaloid extracted from Piper longum L. that has antiinflammatory and anticancer effects. The present study investigated the protective effects of PLG in rotenone-induced PD cell and mouse models. We found that PLG administration (2 and 4 mg/kg) for 4 wk attenuated motor deficits in mice and prevented the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra induced by oral administration of rotenone (10 mg/kg) for 6 wk. PLG improved cell viability and enhanced mitochondrial function in primary neurons and SK-N-SH cells. These protective effects were exerted via inhibition of apoptosis and induction of autophagy through enhancement of BCL2 phosphorylation at Ser70. These results demonstrate that PLG exerts therapeutic effects in a rotenone-induced PD models by restoring the balance between apoptosis and autophagy. ABBREVIATIONS 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine; ACTB, actin, beta; BafA1, bafilomycin A1; BAK1, BCL2-antagonist/killer 1; BAX, BCL2-associated X protein; BCL2, B cell leukemia/lymphoma2; BECN1, Beclin 1, autophagy related; CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; COX4I1/COX IV, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1; CsA, cyclosporine A; ED50, 50% effective dose; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; JC-1, tetraethylbenz-imidazolylcarbocyanine iodide; LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain3; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; l-dopa, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine; MAPK8/JNK1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential; mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore; mRFP, monomeric red fluorescent protein; MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NFE2L2/NRF2, nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2; PD, Parkinson disease; PLG, piperlongumine; pNA, p-nitroanilide; PI, propidium iodide; PtdIns3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTX, paclitaxel; Rap, rapamycin; SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; WIPI2, WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; ZFYVE1/DFCP1, zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Liu
- Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Lu
- Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Duan
- Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Lu
- Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Center of Parkinson Disease Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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40
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He X, Yuan W, Li Z, Hou Y, Liu F, Feng J. 6-Hydroxydopamine induces autophagic flux dysfunction by impairing transcription factor EB activation and lysosomal function in dopaminergic neurons and SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 283:58-68. [PMID: 29170033 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy deregulation has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the role of autophagy in neuronal survival remains controversial. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the time-course of autophagy-related markers in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinsonian rat models and assessed its effect on the state of autophagic flux both in vivo and in vitro. We observed an early activation of autophagy followed by autophagic flux impairment, which was confirmed with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in vivo and Ad-GFP-mCherry-LC3-infected SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. In addition, 6-OHDA not only remarkably reduced the expression level of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (Lamp1), but also impaired the hydrolase activities of lysosomal proteases. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a key transcription factor controlling lysosome biogenesis, was also significantly downregulated by 6-OHDA and its nuclear translocation was inhibited as well, which could account for the impaired lysosomal function. Promoting lysosome biogenesis through TFEB overexpression could protect SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. The above findings demonstrated that autophagic flux dysfunction was closely associated with 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity and highlighted the importance of functional lysosomes and homeostatic autophagic flux in developing therapeutic agents for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155# Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
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41
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Arnold ML, Melentijevic I, Smart AJ, Driscoll M. Q&A: Trash talk: disposal and remote degradation of neuronal garbage. BMC Biol 2018; 16:17. [PMID: 29382333 PMCID: PMC5789552 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans neurons have recently been found to throw out cellular debris for remote degradation and/or storage, adding an “extracellular garbage elimination” option to known intracellular protein and organelle degradation pathways. This Q&A describes initial insights into the biology of seemingly selective protein and organelle elimination by challenged neurons, highlighting mysteries of how garbage is distinguished and sorted in the sending neuron, how the garbage-filled “exophers” appear to elicit degradative responses as they transit neighboring tissue, and how non-digestible materials get thrown out of cells again via processes that may be highly relevant to human neurodegenerative disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Lee Arnold
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, A232 Nelson Biological Laboratories, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08855, USA
| | - Ilija Melentijevic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, A232 Nelson Biological Laboratories, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08855, USA
| | - Anna Joelle Smart
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, A232 Nelson Biological Laboratories, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08855, USA
| | - Monica Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, A232 Nelson Biological Laboratories, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08855, USA.
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42
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Park SM. Hopping from One Cell to Another: Huntington's Disease Propagates. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 26:319-320. [PMID: 29302198 PMCID: PMC5746496 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.6.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,BK21 plus program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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43
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Cooper JF, Van Raamsdonk JM. Modeling Parkinson's Disease in C. elegans. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2018; 8:17-32. [PMID: 29480229 PMCID: PMC5836411 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an adult onset neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by selective degeneration of neurons primarily in the substantia nigra. At present, the pathogenesis of PD is incompletely understood and there are no neuroprotective treatments available. Accurate animal models of PD provide the opportunity to elucidate disease mechanisms and identify therapeutic targets. This review focuses on C. elegans models of PD, including both genetic and toxicant models. This microscopic worm offers several advantages for the study of PD including ease of genetic manipulation, ability to complete experiments rapidly, low cost, and ability to perform large scale screens for disease modifiers. A number of C. elegans models of PD have been generated including transgenic worms that express α-synuclein or LRRK2, and worms with deletions in PRKN/pdr-1, PINK1/pink-1, DJ-1/djr-1.1/djr-1.2 and ATP13A2/catp-6. These worms have been shown to exhibit multiple phenotypic deficits including the loss of dopamine neurons, disruption of dopamine-dependent behaviors, increased sensitivity to stress, age-dependent aggregation, and deficits in movement. As a result, these phenotypes can be used as outcome measures to gain insight into disease pathogenesis and to identify disease modifiers. In this way, C. elegans can be used as an experimental tool to elucidate mechanisms involved in PD and to find novel therapeutic targets that can subsequently be validated in other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason F. Cooper
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Van Raamsdonk
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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44
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Kim DK, Cho KW, Ahn WJ, Perez-Acuña D, Jeong H, Lee HJ, Lee SJ. Cell-to-cell Transmission of Polyglutamine Aggregates in C. elegans. Exp Neurobiol 2017; 26:321-328. [PMID: 29302199 PMCID: PMC5746497 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.6.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and cognitive dysfunction caused by expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat in exon 1 of huntingtin (HTT). In patients, the number of glutamine residues in polyQ tracts are over 35, and it is correlated with age of onset, severity, and disease progression. Expansion of polyQ increases the propensity for HTT protein aggregation, process known to be implicated in neurodegeneration. These pathological aggregates can be transmitted from neuron to another neuron, and this process may explain the pathological spreading of polyQ aggregates. Here, we developed an in vivo model for studying transmission of polyQ aggregates in a highly quantitative manner in real time. HTT exon 1 with expanded polyQ was fused with either N-terminal or C-terminal fragments of Venus fluorescence protein and expressed in pharyngeal muscles and associated neurons, respectively, of C. elegans. Transmission of polyQ proteins was detected using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Mutant polyQ (Q97) was transmitted much more efficiently than wild type polyQ (Q25) and forms numerous inclusion bodies as well. The transmission of Q97 was gradually increased with aging of animal. The animals with polyQ transmission exhibited degenerative phenotypes, such as nerve degeneration, impaired pharyngeal pumping behavior, and reduced life span. The C. elegans model presented here would be a useful in vivo model system for the study of polyQ aggregate propagation and might be applied to the screening of genetic and chemical modifiers of the propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Cho
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Ahn
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dayana Perez-Acuña
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyunsu Jeong
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - He-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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45
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Miki Y, Shimoyama S, Kon T, Ueno T, Hayakari R, Tanji K, Matsumiya T, Tsushima E, Mori F, Wakabayashi K, Tomiyama M. Alteration of autophagy-related proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 63:33-43. [PMID: 29223072 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous postmortem studies demonstrated dysregulation of autophagy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). To clarify whether this alteration reflects a fundamental aspect of PD or represents the final stage of autophagy dysregulation resulting from a long neurodegenerative process, we focused on basal autophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of PD patients (n = 35) and controls (n = 23). The whole-transcriptome assay revealed downregulation of mRNAs for 6 core regulators of autophagy (UNC-51-like kinase [ULK] 3, autophagy-related [Atg] 2A, Atg4B, Atg5, Atg16L1, and histone deacetylase 6). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis confirmed significantly increased protein levels of upstream autophagy (ULK1, Beclin1, and autophagy/beclin1 regulator 1) with negative feedback of mRNA expression for these proteins in PD. These protein levels were correlated with increased levels of α-synuclein in PBMCs. The expression level of the oligomeric form of α-synuclein in PBMCs paralleled the clinical severity of PD and the degeneration of cardiac sympathetic nerves. Basal activity of autophagy can be lower in patients with PD. Alteration of basal autophagy may be a fundamental aspect of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | - Shuji Shimoyama
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kon
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ryo Hayakari
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Eiki Tsushima
- Department of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Mori
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan
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46
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Prying into the Prion Hypothesis for Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9808-9818. [PMID: 29021298 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1788-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, intracellular α-synuclein inclusions form in neurons. We suggest that prion-like behavior of α-synuclein is a key component in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Although multiple molecular changes are involved in the triggering of the disease process, we propose that neuron-to-neuron transfer is a crucial event that is essential for Lewy pathology to spread from one brain region to another. In this review, we describe key findings in human postmortem brains, cultured cells, and animal models of disease that support the idea that α-synuclein can act as a prion. We consider potential triggers of the α-synuclein misfolding and why the aggregates escape cellular degradation under disease conditions. We also discuss whether different strains of α-synuclein fibrils can underlie differences in cellular and regional distribution of aggregates in different synucleinopathies. Our conclusion is that α-synuclein probably acts as a prion in human diseases, and a deeper understanding of this step in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease can facilitate the development of disease-modifying therapies in the future.Dual Perspectives Companion Paper: Parkinson's Disease Is Not Simply a Prion Disorder, by D. James Surmeier, José A. Obeso, and Glenda M. Halliday.
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47
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Brundin P, Dave KD, Kordower JH. Therapeutic approaches to target alpha-synuclein pathology. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:225-235. [PMID: 28987463 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Starting two decades ago with the discoveries of genetic links between alpha-synuclein and Parkinson's disease risk and the identification of aggregated alpha-synuclein as the main protein constituent of Lewy pathology, alpha-synuclein has emerged as the major therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. Following the suggestion that alpha-synuclein pathology gradually spreads through the nervous system following a stereotypic pattern and the discovery that aggregated forms of alpha-synuclein can propagate pathology from one cell to another, and thereby probably aggravate existing deficits as well as generate additional symptoms, the idea that alpha-synuclein is a viable therapeutic target gained further support. In this review we describe current challenges and possibilities with alpha-synuclein as a therapeutic target. We briefly highlight gaps in the knowledge of the role of alpha-synuclein in disease, and propose that a deeper understanding of the pathobiology of alpha-synuclein can lead to improved therapeutic strategies. We describe several treatment approaches that are currently being tested in advanced animal experiments or already are in clinical trials. We have divided them into approaches that reduce alpha-synuclein production; inhibit alpha-synuclein aggregation inside cells; promote its degradation either inside or outside cells; and reduce its uptake by neighbouring cells following release from already affected neurons. Finally, we briefly discuss challenges related to the clinical testing of alpha-synuclein therapies, for example difficulties in monitoring target engagement and the need for relatively large trials of long duration. We conclude that alpha-synuclein remains one of the most compelling therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease, and related synucleinopathies, and that the multitude of approaches being tested provides hope for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| | - Kuldip D Dave
- The Michael J Fox Foundation, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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48
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Baxi K, Ghavidel A, Waddell B, Harkness TA, de Carvalho CE. Regulation of Lysosomal Function by the DAF-16 Forkhead Transcription Factor Couples Reproduction to Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2017; 207:83-101. [PMID: 28696216 PMCID: PMC5586388 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.204222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging in eukaryotes is accompanied by widespread deterioration of the somatic tissue. Yet, abolishing germ cells delays the age-dependent somatic decline in Caenorhabditis elegans In adult worms lacking germ cells, the activation of the DAF-9/DAF-12 steroid signaling pathway in the gonad recruits DAF-16 activity in the intestine to promote longevity-associated phenotypes. However, the impact of this pathway on the fitness of normally reproducing animals is less clear. Here, we explore the link between progeny production and somatic aging and identify the loss of lysosomal acidity-a critical regulator of the proteolytic output of these organelles-as a novel biomarker of aging in C. elegans The increase in lysosomal pH in older worms is not a passive consequence of aging, but instead is timed with the cessation of reproduction, and correlates with the reduction in proteostasis in early adult life. Our results further implicate the steroid signaling pathway and DAF-16 in dynamically regulating lysosomal pH in the intestine of wild-type worms in response to the reproductive cycle. In the intestine of reproducing worms, DAF-16 promotes acidic lysosomes by upregulating the expression of v-ATPase genes. These findings support a model in which protein clearance in the soma is linked to reproduction in the gonad via the active regulation of lysosomal acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Baxi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E2, Canada
| | - Ata Ghavidel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E2, Canada
| | - Brandon Waddell
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E2, Canada
| | - Troy A Harkness
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E2, Canada
| | - Carlos E de Carvalho
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E2, Canada
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49
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Tyson T, Senchuk M, Cooper JF, George S, Van Raamsdonk JM, Brundin P. Novel animal model defines genetic contributions for neuron-to-neuron transfer of α-synuclein. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7506. [PMID: 28790319 PMCID: PMC5548897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell spreading of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) is suggested to contribute to the progression of neuropathology in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Compelling evidence supports the hypothesis that misfolded α-syn transmits from neuron-to-neuron and seeds aggregation of the protein in the recipient cells. Furthermore, α-syn frequently appears to propagate in the brains of PD patients following a stereotypic pattern consistent with progressive spreading along anatomical pathways. We have generated a C. elegans model that mirrors this progression and allows us to monitor α-syn neuron-to-neuron transmission in a live animal over its lifespan. We found that modulation of autophagy or exo/endocytosis, affects α-syn transfer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that silencing C. elegans orthologs of PD-related genes also increases the accumulation of α-syn. This novel worm model is ideal for screening molecules and genes to identify those that modulate prion-like spreading of α-syn in order to target novel strategies for disease modification in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Tyson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.
| | - Megan Senchuk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason F Cooper
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia George
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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50
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Martinez BA, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA. C . elegans as a model system to accelerate discovery for Parkinson disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 44:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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