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Reyad-Ul-Ferdous M, Gul I, Raheem MA, Pandey V, Qin P. Mitochondrial UCP1: Potential thermogenic mechanistic switch for the treatment of obesity and neurodegenerative diseases using natural and epigenetic drug candidates. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155672. [PMID: 38810549 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown fat is known to provide non-shivering thermogenesis through mitochondrial uncoupling mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Non-shivering is not dependent on UCP2, UCP4, and BMCP1/UCP5 genes, which are distinct from UCP1 in a way that they are not constitutive uncouplers. Although they are susceptible to free fatty acid and free radical activation, their functioning has a significant impact on the performance of neurons. METHODOLOGY Using subject-specific keywords (Adipose tissue; Adipocytes; Mitochondria; Obesity; Thermogenesis; UCP's in Neurodegeneration; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease), research articles and reviews were retrieved from Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed. This article includespublications published between 2018 and 2023. The drugs that upregulate UCP1 are included in the study while the drugs that do not impact UCP1 are were not included. RESULTS Neuronal UCPs have a direct impact on synaptic plasticity, neurodegenerative processes, and neurotransmission, by modulating calcium flux, mitochondrial biogenesis, local temperature, and free radical generation. Numerous significant advances in the study of neuronal UCPs and neuroprotection are still to be made. Identification of the tissue-dependent effects of UCPs is essential first. Pharmacologically targeting neuronal UCPs is a key strategy for preventing both neurodegenerative diseases and physiological aging. Given that UCP2 has activities that are tissue-specific, it will be essential to develop treatments without harmful side effects. The triggering of UCPs by CoQ, an essential cofactor, produces nigral mitochondrial uncoupling, reduces MPTP-induced toxicity, and may even decrease the course of Parkinson's disease, according to early indications. CONCLUSION Herein, we explore the potential of UCP1 as a therapeutic target for treating obesity, neurodegenerative diseases as well as a potential activator of both synthetic and natural drugs. A deeper knowledge of synaptic signaling and neurodegeneration may pave the way to new discoveries regarding the functioning and controlling of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reyad-Ul-Ferdous
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ijaz Gul
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Akmal Raheem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Friuli M, Sepe C, Panza E, Travelli C, Paterniti I, Romano A. Autophagy and inflammation an intricate affair in the management of obesity and metabolic disorders: evidence for novel pharmacological strategies? Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407336. [PMID: 38895630 PMCID: PMC11184060 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle habits including a sedentary life, the lack of physical activity, and wrong dietary habits are the major ones responsible for the constant increase of obesity and metabolic disorders prevalence worldwide; therefore, the scientific community pays significant attention to the pharmacotherapy of such diseases, beyond lifestyle interventions, the use of medical devices, and surgical approaches. The intricate interplay between autophagy and inflammation appears crucial to orchestrate fundamental aspects of cellular and organismal responses to challenging stimuli, including metabolic insults; hence, when these two processes are dysregulated (enhanced or suppressed) they produce pathologic effects. The present review summarizes the existing literature reporting the intricate affair between autophagy and inflammation in the context of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and liver metabolic diseases (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)). The evidence collected so far suggests that an alteration of autophagy might lead to maladaptive metabolic and inflammatory responses thus exacerbating the severity of the disease, and the most prominent conclusion underlies that autophagy might exert a protective function by contributing to balance inflammation. However, the complex nature of obesity and metabolic disorders might represent a limit of the studies; indeed, although many pharmacological treatments, producing positive metabolic effects, are also able to modulate autophagic flux and inflammation, it is not clear if the final beneficial effect might occur only by their mechanism of action, rather than because of additionally involved pathways. Finally, although future studies are needed, the observation that anti-obesity and antidiabetic drugs already on the market, including incretin mimetic agents, facilitate autophagy by dampening inflammation, strongly contributes to the idea that autophagy might represent a druggable system for the development of novel pharmacological tools that might represent an attractive strategy for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Friuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Sepe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Cai M, Wan J, Cai K, Li S, Du X, Song H, Sun W, Hu J. The mitochondrial quality control system: a new target for exercise therapeutic intervention in the treatment of brain insulin resistance-induced neurodegeneration in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:749-763. [PMID: 38379083 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health concern because of its strong association with metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases such as diabetes, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, brain insulin resistance in obesity is likely to lead to neuroplasticity deficits. Since the evidence shows that insulin resistance in brain regions abundant in insulin receptors significantly alters mitochondrial efficiency and function, strategies targeting the mitochondrial quality control system may be of therapeutic and practical value in obesity-induced cognitive decline. Exercise is considered as a powerful stimulant of mitochondria that improves insulin sensitivity and enhances neuroplasticity. It has great potential as a non-pharmacological intervention against the onset and progression of obesity associated neurodegeneration. Here, we integrate the current knowledge of the mechanisms of neurodegenration in obesity and focus on brain insulin resistance to explain the relationship between the impairment of neuronal plasticity and mitochondrial dysfunction. This knowledge was synthesised to explore the exercise paradigm as a feasible intervention for obese neurodegenration in terms of improving brain insulin signals and regulating the mitochondrial quality control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Jinshan District Central Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Keren Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xinlin Du
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Haihan Song
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Wanju Sun
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China.
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China.
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Zhang H, Shi H, Xie W, Meng M, Wang Y, Ma N, Chang G, Shen X. Subacute ruminal acidosis induces pyroptosis via the mitophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the livers of dairy cows fed a high-grain diet. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4092-4107. [PMID: 38278294 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
High-grain (HG) feeding can trigger subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and subsequent liver tissue injury. This study investigated pyroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in SARA-induced liver injury, and the role of mitophagy during this process. Twelve mid-lactating Holstein cows equipped with rumen fistulas were randomly divided into 2 groups: a low-grain (LG) diet group (grain:forage = 4:6) and a HG diet group (grain:forage = 6:4). Each group had 6 cows. The experiment lasted for 3 wk. The ruminal fluid was collected through the rumen fistula on experimental d 20 and 21, and the pH immediately measured. At the end of the experiment, all animals were slaughtered, and peripheral blood and liver tissue were collected. The ruminal pH was lower in the HG group than that in the LG group at all time points. In addition, the ruminal pH in the HG group was lower than 5.6 at 3 consecutive time points after feeding (4, 6, and 8 h on d 20; 2, 4, and 6 h on d 21), indicating that HG feeding induced SARA. The content of lipopolysaccharide, IL-1β, and apoptosis-related cysteine protease 1 (caspase-1) and the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the blood plasma of the HG group were all significantly increased. Hepatic caspase-1 activity was increased in the livers of the HG group. The increased expression levels of pyroptosis- and NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes IL1B, IL18, gasdermin D (GSDMD), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a card (ASC), NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), and caspase-1 (CASP1) in liver tissue of the HG group were detected. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that HG feeding led to increased expression of pyroptosis- and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins GSDMD N-terminal (GSDMD-NT), IL-1β, IL-18, cleaved-caspase-1, ASC, NLRP3, and cleaved-caspase-11 and upregulated expression of mitophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (MAP1LC3-II), beclin 1 (BECN1), Parkin, and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) in liver tissue. Collectively, our results revealed that SARA caused increased mitophagy and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, causing pyroptosis and subsequent liver injury in dairy cows fed a HG diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wan Xie
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Meijuan Meng
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Nana Ma
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Liu BH, Xu CZ, Liu Y, Lu ZL, Fu TL, Li GR, Deng Y, Luo GQ, Ding S, Li N, Geng Q. Mitochondrial quality control in human health and disease. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:32. [PMID: 38812059 PMCID: PMC11134732 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the most crucial energy-generating organelles in eukaryotic cells, play a pivotal role in regulating energy metabolism. However, their significance extends beyond this, as they are also indispensable in vital life processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, immune responses, and redox balance. In response to various physiological signals or external stimuli, a sophisticated mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanism has evolved, encompassing key processes like mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy, which have garnered increasing attention from researchers to unveil their specific molecular mechanisms. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the primary mechanisms and functions of key regulators involved in major components of MQC. Furthermore, the critical physiological functions regulated by MQC and its diverse roles in the progression of various systemic diseases have been described in detail. We also discuss agonists or antagonists targeting MQC, aiming to explore potential therapeutic and research prospects by enhancing MQC to stabilize mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chen-Zhen Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zi-Long Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ting-Lv Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guo-Rui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guo-Qing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Fang X, Zhang Y, Wu H, Wang H, Miao R, Wei J, Zhang Y, Tian J, Tong X. Mitochondrial regulation of diabetic endothelial dysfunction: Pathophysiological links. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 170:106569. [PMID: 38556159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Micro- and macrovascular complications frequently occur in patients with diabetes, with endothelial dysfunction playing a key role in the development and progression of the complications. For the early diagnosis and optimal treatment of vascular complications associated with diabetes, it is imperative to comprehend the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the function of diabetic endothelial cells. Mitochondria function as crucial sensors of environmental and cellular stress regulating endothelial cell viability, structural integrity and function. Impaired mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main features of endothelial damage. Hence, targeted mitochondrial therapy is considered promising novel therapeutic options in vascular complications of diabetes. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial functions in the vascular endothelial cells and the pathophysiological role of mitochondria in diabetic endothelial dysfunction, aiming to provide a reference for related drug development and clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiahua Wei
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Sun X. The molecular mechanism of macrophage-adipocyte crosstalk in maintaining energy homeostasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1378202. [PMID: 38650945 PMCID: PMC11033412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes in adipose tissue are critical for the regulation of energy metabolism and obesity. Macrophage polarization induced by cold or other stimulations can drive metabolic reprogramming of adipocytes, browning, and thermogenesis. Accordingly, investigating the roles of macrophages and adipocytes in the maintenance of energy homeostasis is critical for the development of novel therapeutic approaches specifically targeting macrophages in metabolic disorders such as obesity. Current review outlines macrophage polarization not only regulates the release of central nervous system and inflammatory factors, but controls mitochondrial function, and other factor that induce metabolic reprogramming of adipocytes and maintain energy homeostasis. We also emphasized on how the adipocytes conversely motivate the polarization of macrophage. Exploring the interactions between adipocytes and macrophages may provide new therapeutic strategies for the management of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Miranda CS, Silva-Veiga FM, Santana-Oliveira DA, Vasques-Monteiro IML, Daleprane JB, Souza-Mello V. PPARα/γ synergism activates UCP1-dependent and -independent thermogenesis and improves mitochondrial dynamics in the beige adipocytes of high-fat fed mice. Nutrition 2024; 117:112253. [PMID: 37944411 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation (single PPARα or PPARγ, and dual PPARα/γ) on UCP1-dependent and -independent thermogenic pathways and mitochondrial metabolism in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice received either a control diet (10% lipids) or a high-fat diet (HF; 50% lipids) for 12 wk. The HF group was divided to receive the treatments for 4 wk: HFγ (pioglitazone, 10 mg/kg), HFα (WY-14643, 3.5 mg/kg), and HFα/γ (tesaglitazar, 4 mg/kg). RESULTS The HF group was overweight, insulin resistant, and had subcutaneous white adipocyte dysfunction. Treatment with PPARα and PPARα/γ reduced body mass, mitigated insulin resistance, and induced browning with increased UCP1-dependent and -independent thermogenesis activation and improved mitochondrial metabolism to support the beige adipocyte phenotype. CONCLUSION PPARα and dual PPARα/γ activation recruited UCP1+ beige adipocytes and favored UCP1-independent thermogenesis, yielding body mass and insulin sensitivity normalization. Preserved mitochondrial metabolism emerges as a potential target for obesity treatment using PPAR agonists, with possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolline Santos Miranda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daiana Araujo Santana-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Macedo Lopes Vasques-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics (LEING), Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Gu S, Qiao Y, Liu S, Yang S, Cong S, Wang S, Yu D, Wang W, Chai X. Frontiers and hotspots of adipose tissue and NAFLD: a bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1278952. [PMID: 38187139 PMCID: PMC10768199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1278952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The annual incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to rise steadily. In recent years, adipose tissue (AT) has gained recognition as a pivotal contributor to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Employing bibliometric analysis, we examined literature concerning AT and NAFLD. Methods: Relevant literature on AT in NAFLD from 1980 to 2022 was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. These records were visualized using CiteSpace and VOSviewer regarding publications, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords. Results: Since 2002, a total of 3,330 papers have been included, exhibiting an annual surge in publications. Notably, the quality of publications is superior in the USA and Europe. Kenneth Cusi stands out as the author with the highest number of publications and H-index. Hepatology is the journal boasting the highest citation and H-index. The University of California System holds the highest centrality among institutions. References specifically delve into physiological processes associated with AT in NAFLD. Currently, lipid metabolism and inflammation constitute the principal research mechanisms in the AT-based regulation of NAFLD, with pertinent keywords including microRNA, T cell, hypoxia, sarcopenia, hepatokine, gut microbiota, and autophagy. The Mediterranean diet is among the most widely recommended dietary approaches for potential NAFLD treatment. Conclusion: This paper represents the inaugural bibliometric study on the effects of AT on NAFLD, offering valuable insights and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiao Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Qiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Susu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangjie Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shibo Cong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sili Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deshuai Yu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlou Chai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Song H, Zhang X, Wang J, Wu Y, Xiong T, Shen J, Lin R, Xiao T, Lin W. The regulatory role of adipocyte mitochondrial homeostasis in metabolism-related diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1261204. [PMID: 37920803 PMCID: PMC10619862 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1261204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the most important energy storage organ in the body, maintaining its normal energy metabolism function and playing a vital role in keeping the energy balance of the body to avoid the harm caused by obesity and a series of related diseases resulting from abnormal energy metabolism. The dysfunction of adipose tissue is closely related to the occurrence of diseases related to obesity metabolism. Among various organelles, mitochondria are the main site of energy metabolism, and mitochondria maintain their quality through autophagy, biogenesis, transfer, and dynamics, which play an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of adipocytes. On the other hand, mitochondria have mitochondrial genomes which are vulnerable to damage due to the lack of protective structures and their proximity to sites of reactive oxygen species generation, thus affecting mitochondrial function. Notably, mitochondria are closely related to other organelles in adipocytes, such as lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum, which enhances the function of mitochondria and other organelles and regulates energy metabolism processes, thus reducing the occurrence of obesity-related diseases. This article introduces the structure and quality control of mitochondria in adipocytes and their interactions with other organelles in adipocytes, aiming to provide a new perspective on the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases, and to provide theoretical reference for further revealing the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Song
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Taimin Xiong
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jieqiong Shen
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruiyi Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tianfang Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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11
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Ran J, Yin H, Xu Y, Wang Y, Li G, Wu X, Peng L, Peng Y, Fang R. RACK1 mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation during Pasteurella multocida infection. Vet Res 2023; 54:73. [PMID: 37684678 PMCID: PMC10492393 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a gram-negative bacterium that causes serious diseases in a wide range of animal species. Inflammasomes are intracellular multimolecular protein complexes that play a critical role in host defence against microbial infection. Our previous study showed that bovine P. multocida type A (PmCQ2) infection induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, the exact mechanism underlying PmCQ2-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation is not clear. Here, we show that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is positively regulated by a scaffold protein called receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1). This study shows that RACK1 expression was downregulated by PmCQ2 infection in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages and mouse tissues, and overexpression of RACK1 prevented PmCQ2-induced cell death and reduced the numbers of adherent and invasive PmCQ2, indicating a modulatory role of RACK1 in the cell death that is induced by P. multocida infection. Next, RACK1 knockdown by siRNA significantly attenuated PmCQ2-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which was accompanied by a reduction in the protein expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, pro-IL-1β, caspase-1 and NLRP3 as well as the formation of ASC specks, while RACK1 overexpression by pcDNA3.1-RACK1 plasmid transfection significantly promoted PmCQ2-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation; these results showed that RACK1 is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, RACK1 knockdown decreased PmCQ2-induced NF-κB activation, but RACK1 overexpression had the opposite effect. In addition, the immunofluorescence staining and immunoprecipitation results showed that RACK1 colocalized with NLRP3 and that NEK7 and interacted with these proteins. However, inhibition of potassium efflux significantly attenuated the RACK1-NLRP3-NEK7 interaction. Our study demonstrated that RACK1 plays an important role in promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating NF-κB and promoting NLRP3 inflammasome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Ran
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yating Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Gang Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xingping Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lianci Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Rendong Fang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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12
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Du J, Wu W, Zhu B, Tao W, Liu L, Cheng X, Zhao M, Wu J, Li Y, Pei K. Recent advances in regulating lipid metabolism to prevent coronary heart disease. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 255:105325. [PMID: 37414117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of coronary heart disease is a highly complex process, with lipid metabolism disorders being closely linked to its development. Therefore, this paper analyzes the various factors that influence lipid metabolism, including obesity, genes, intestinal microflora, and ferroptosis, through a comprehensive review of basic and clinical studies. Additionally, this paper delves deeply into the pathways and patterns of coronary heart disease. Based on these findings, it proposes various intervention pathways and therapeutic methods, such as the regulation of lipoprotein enzymes, lipid metabolites, and lipoprotein regulatory factors, as well as the modulation of intestinal microflora and the inhibition of ferroptosis. Ultimately, this paper aims to offer new ideas for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Boran Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lina Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaolan Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Ke Pei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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13
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Oh SJ, Park K, Sonn SK, Oh GT, Lee MS. Pancreatic β-cell mitophagy as an adaptive response to metabolic stress and the underlying mechanism that involves lysosomal Ca 2+ release. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1922-1932. [PMID: 37653033 PMCID: PMC10545665 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an excellent example of selective autophagy that eliminates damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, and it is crucial for the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and function. The critical roles of autophagy in pancreatic β-cell structure and function have been clearly shown. Furthermore, morphological abnormalities and decreased function of mitochondria have been observed in autophagy-deficient β-cells, suggesting the importance of β-cell mitophagy. However, the role of authentic mitophagy in β-cell function has not been clearly demonstrated, as mice with pancreatic β-cell-specific disruption of Parkin, one of the most important players in mitophagy, did not exhibit apparent abnormalities in β-cell function or glucose homeostasis. Instead, the role of mitophagy in pancreatic β-cells has been investigated using β-cell-specific Tfeb-knockout mice (TfebΔβ-cell mice); Tfeb is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis or autophagy gene expression and participates in mitophagy. TfebΔβ-cell mice were unable to adaptively increase mitophagy or mitochondrial complex activity in response to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic stress. Consequently, TfebΔβ-cell mice exhibited impaired β-cell responses and further exacerbated metabolic deterioration after HFD feeding. TFEB was activated by mitochondrial or metabolic stress-induced lysosomal Ca2+ release, which led to calcineurin activation and mitophagy. After lysosomal Ca2+ release, depleted lysosomal Ca2+ stores were replenished by ER Ca2+ through ER→lysosomal Ca2+ refilling, which supplemented the low lysosomal Ca2+ capacity. The importance of mitophagy in β-cell function was also demonstrated in mice that developed β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance after treatment with a calcineurin inhibitor that hampered TFEB activation and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Kihyoun Park
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Seong Keun Sonn
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03767, Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03767, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
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14
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Wang S, Long H, Hou L, Feng B, Ma Z, Wu Y, Zeng Y, Cai J, Zhang DW, Zhao G. The mitophagy pathway and its implications in human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:304. [PMID: 37582956 PMCID: PMC10427715 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with multiple functions. They participate in necrotic cell death and programmed apoptotic, and are crucial for cell metabolism and survival. Mitophagy serves as a cytoprotective mechanism to remove superfluous or dysfunctional mitochondria and maintain mitochondrial fine-tuning numbers to balance intracellular homeostasis. Growing evidences show that mitophagy, as an acute tissue stress response, plays an important role in maintaining the health of the mitochondrial network. Since the timely removal of abnormal mitochondria is essential for cell survival, cells have evolved a variety of mitophagy pathways to ensure that mitophagy can be activated in time under various environments. A better understanding of the mechanism of mitophagy in various diseases is crucial for the treatment of diseases and therapeutic target design. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial elimination, how mitophagy maintains mitochondrial homeostasis at the system levels and organ, and what alterations in mitophagy are related to the development of diseases, including neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, renal disease, etc., in recent advances. Finally, we summarize the potential clinical applications and outline the conditions for mitophagy regulators to enter clinical trials. Research advances in signaling transduction of mitophagy will have an important role in developing new therapeutic strategies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouliang Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijiao Long
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lianjie Hou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Baorong Feng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihong Ma
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahao Cai
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Guojun Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Ran H, Li C, Zhang M, Zhong J, Wang H. Neglected PTM in Animal Adipogenesis: E3-mediated Ubiquitination. Gene 2023:147574. [PMID: 37336271 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a widespread post-transcriptional modification (PTM) that occurs during protein degradation in eukaryotes and participates in almost all physiological and pathological processes, including animal adipogenesis. Ubiquitination is a cascade reaction regulated by the activating enzyme E1, conjugating enzyme E2, and ligase E3. Several recent studies have reported that E3 ligases play important regulatory roles in adipogenesis. However, as a key influencing factor for the recognition and connection between the substrate and ubiquitin during ubiquitination, its regulatory role in adipogenesis has not received adequate attention. In this review, we summarize the E3s' regulation and modification targets in animal adipogenesis, explain the regulatory mechanisms in lipogenic-related pathways, and further analyze the existing positive results to provide research directions of guiding significance for further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of E3s in animal adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Ran
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Zheng Y, Yang N, Pang Y, Gong Y, Yang H, Ding W, Yang H. Mitochondria-associated regulation in adipose tissues and potential reagents for obesity intervention. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1132342. [PMID: 37396170 PMCID: PMC10313115 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1132342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A systematic review analysis was used to assess the profile of mitochondrial involvement in adipose tissue regulation and potential reagents to intervene in obesity through the mitochondrial pathway. Methods Three databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, were searched online for literature associated with mitochondria, obesity, white adipose tissue, and brown adipose tissue published from the time of their creation until June 22, 2022, and each paper was screened. Results 568 papers were identified, of which 134 papers met the initial selection criteria, 76 were selected after full-text review, and 6 were identified after additional searches. A full-text review of the included 82 papers was performed. Conclusion Mitochondria play a key role in adipose tissue metabolism and energy homeostasis, including as potential therapeutic agents for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zheng
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueshan Pang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanju Gong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongya Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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17
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Aquilano K, Zhou B, Brestoff JR, Lettieri-Barbato D. Multifaceted mitochondrial quality control in brown adipose tissue. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:517-529. [PMID: 36272883 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) controls mammalian core body temperature by non-shivering thermogenesis. BAT is extraordinarily rich in mitochondria, which have the peculiarity of generating heat by uncoupled respiration. Since the mitochondrial activity of BAT is subject to cycles of activation and deactivation in response to environmental temperature changes, an integrated mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system is of fundamental importance to ensure BAT physiology. Here, we provide an overview of the conventional and alternative mechanisms through which thermogenic adipocytes selectively remove damaged parts of mitochondria and how macrophages participate in the MQC system by removing extracellular mitochondrial waste to maintain the thermogenic function of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Jin X, Ma Y, Liu D, Huang Y. Role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e249. [PMID: 37125240 PMCID: PMC10130418 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is regarded as a pathological form of cell death with an intracellular program mediated, which plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and embryonic development. Pyroptosis is a new paradigm of PCD, which has received increasing attention due to its close association with immunity and disease. Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death mediated by gasdermin that promotes the release of proinflammatory cytokines and contents induced by inflammasome activation. Recently, increasing evidence in studies shows that pyroptosis has a crucial role in inflammatory conditions like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, neurological diseases (NDs), and metabolic diseases (MDs), suggesting that targeting cell death is a potential intervention for the treatment of these inflammatory diseases. Based on this, the review aims to identify the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to pyroptosis activation and summarizes the current insights into the complicated relationship between pyroptosis and multiple human inflammatory diseases (CVDs, cancer, NDs, and MDs). We also discuss a promising novel strategy and method for treating these inflammatory diseases by targeting pyroptosis and focus on the pyroptosis pathway application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Jin
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Yinchu Ma
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Didi Liu
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Yi Huang
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
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19
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Javaid HMA, Ko E, Joo EJ, Kwon SH, Park JH, Shin S, Cho KW, Huh JY. TNFα-induced NLRP3 inflammasome mediates adipocyte dysfunction and activates macrophages through adipocyte-derived lipocalin 2. Metabolism 2023; 142:155527. [PMID: 36870601 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. Recent studies showed that NLRP3 inflammasome initiates metabolic dysregulation in adipose tissues, primarily through activation of adipose tissue infiltrated macrophages. However, the mechanism of NLRP3 activation and its role in adipocytes remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to examine the activation of TNFα-induced NLRP3 inflammasome in adipocytes and its role on adipocyte metabolism and crosstalk with macrophages. METHODS The effect of TNFα on adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasome activation was measured. Caspase-1 inhibitor (Ac-YVAD-cmk) and primary adipocytes from NLRP3 and caspase-1 knockout mice were utilized to block NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Biomarkers were measured by using real-time PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and enzyme assay kits. Conditioned media from TNFα-stimulated adipocytes was used to establish the adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to identify the role of NLRP3 as a transcription factor. Mouse and human adipose tissues were collected for correlation analysis. RESULTS TNFα treatment induced NLRP3 expression and caspase-1 activity in adipocytes, partly through autophagy dysregulation. The activated adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasome participated in mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance, as evidenced by the amelioration of these effects in Ac-YVAD-cmk treated 3T3-L1 cells or primary adipocytes isolated from NLRP3 and caspase-1 knockout mice. Particularly, the adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasome was involved in glucose uptake regulation. Also, TNFα induced expression and secretion of lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) in a NLRP3-dependent manner. NLRP3 could bind to the promoter and transcriptionally regulate Lcn2 in adipocytes. Treatment with adipocyte conditioned media revealed that adipocyte-derived Lcn2 was responsible for macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation, working as a second signal. Adipocytes isolated from high-fat diet mice and adipose tissue from obese individuals showed a positive correlation between NLRP3 and Lcn2 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasome activation and novel role of TNFα-NLRP3-Lcn2 axis in adipose tissue. It adds rational for the current development of NLRP3 inhibitors for treating obesity-induced metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Ko
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Jin Joo
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyo Kwon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooim Shin
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Bioenergy and Biomaterials Graduate School, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Rubio-Tomás T, Sotiriou A, Tavernarakis N. The interplay between selective types of (macro)autophagy: Mitophagy and xenophagy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 374:129-157. [PMID: 36858654 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a physiological response, activated by a myriad of endogenous and exogenous cues, including DNA damage, perturbation of proteostasis, depletion of nutrients or oxygen and pathogen infection. Upon sensing those stimuli, cells employ multiple non-selective and selective autophagy pathways to promote fitness and survival. Importantly, there are a variety of selective types of autophagy. In this review we will focus on autophagy of bacteria (xenophagy) and autophagy of mitochondria (mitophagy). We provide a brief introduction to bulk autophagy, as well as xenophagy and mitophagy, highlighting their common molecular factors. We also describe the role of xenophagy and mitophagy in the detection and elimination of pathogens by the immune system and the adaptive mechanisms that some pathogens have developed through evolution to escape the host autophagic response. Finally, we summarize the recent articles (from the last five years) linking bulk autophagy with xenophagy and/or mitophagy in the context on developmental biology, cancer and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Sotiriou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Division of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Division of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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21
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Kotha R, Kara DD, Roychowdhury R, Tanvi K, Rathnanand M. Polymersomes Based Versatile Nanoplatforms for Controlled Drug Delivery and Imaging. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:218-232. [PMID: 37342386 PMCID: PMC10278216 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems made based on nanotechnology represent a novel drug carrier system that can change the face of therapeutics and diagnosis. Among all the available nanoforms polymersomes have wider applications due to their unique characteristic features like drug loading carriers for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, longer shelf life in the bloodstream and ease of surface modification by ligands. Polymersomes are defined as the artificial vesicles which are enclosed in a central aqueous cavity which are composed of self-assembly with a block of amphiphilic copolymer. Various techniques like film rehydration, direct hydration, nanoprecipitation, double emulsion technique and microfluidic technique are mostly used in formulating polymersomes employing different polymers like PEO-b-PLA, poly (fumaric/sebacic acid), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), and poly(butadiene) (PBD), PTMC-b-PGA (poly (dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(l-glutamic acid)) etc. Polymersomes have been extensively considered for the conveyance of therapeutic agents for diagnosis, targeting, treatment of cancer, diabetes etc. This review focuses on a comprehensive description of polymersomes with suitable case studies under the following headings: chemical structure, polymers used in the formulation, formulation methods, characterization methods and their application in the therapeutic, and medicinal filed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Kotha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal-576104, India
| | - Divya Dhatri Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal-576104, India
| | - Rajeshwari Roychowdhury
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal-576104, India
| | - Katikala Tanvi
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal-576104, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Rathnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal-576104, India
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22
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Yu T, Lu X, Liang Y, Yang L, Yin Y, Chen H. Ononin alleviates DSS-induced colitis through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome via triggering mitophagy. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e776. [PMID: 36840499 PMCID: PMC9910166 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ononin, a flavonoid isolated from Astragalus membranaceus root, is the active ingredient of A. membranaceus and has potential anti-inflammatory properties, but its effect on colitis is unclear. AIMS This study aimed to explore the anticolitis effect of Ononin by establishing a colitis model in mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were provided DSS, then treated with Ononin (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) or 5-ASA (40 mg/kg). The colitis symptoms were observed, the disease activity index (DAI) score were recorded daily, and colonic inflammation was evaluted by histopathological scoring. The expression of cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and mitophagy/NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins were measured. RESULTS Ononin significantly alleviated weight loss and colon shortening in mice with colitis (p < .01). Moreover, Ononin decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines and mediators associated with colitis (p < .05). In addition, Ononin inhibited macrophages infiltration and reduced caspase-1 activation in colitis mice. Caspase-1 activation is closely related to the NLRP3 inflammasome. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Ononin on NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro. The relevant results confirmed that Ononin inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inhibited mitochondrial damage (p < .05). Further studies revealed that Ononin inhibited mitochondrial damage through triggering mitophagy (p < .05). CONCLUSION Ononin alleviates DSS-induced colitis by activating mitophagy to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xuejia Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuehan Yin
- China HuaYou Group CorporationBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuPeople's Republic of China
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23
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Zhu L, Wang Z, Sun X, Yu J, Li T, Zhao H, Ji Y, Peng B, Du M. STAT3/Mitophagy Axis Coordinates Macrophage NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Inflammatory Bone Loss. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:335-353. [PMID: 36502520 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a cytokine-responsive transcription factor, is known to play a role in immunity and bone remodeling. However, whether and how STAT3 impacts macrophage NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation associated with inflammatory bone loss remains unknown. Here, STAT3 signaling is hyperactivated in macrophages in the context of both non-sterile and sterile inflammatory osteolysis, and this was highly correlated with the cleaved interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression pattern. Strikingly, pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 markedly blocks macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro, thereby relieving inflammatory macrophage-amplified osteoclast formation and bone-resorptive activity. Mechanistically, STAT3 inhibition in macrophages triggers PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)-dependent mitophagy that eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria, reverses mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, and inhibits mitochondrial reactive oxygen species release, thus inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome. In vivo, STAT3 inhibition effectively protects mice from both infection-induced periapical lesions and aseptic titanium particle-mediated calvarial bone erosion with potent induction of PINK1 and downregulation of inflammasome activation, macrophage infiltration, and osteoclast formation. This study reveals the regulatory role of the STAT3/mitophagy axis at the osteo-immune interface and highlights a potential therapeutic intervention to prevent inflammatory bone loss. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoting Ji
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minquan Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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24
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Wang L, Cai J, Zhao X, Ma L, Zeng P, Zhou L, Liu Y, Yang S, Cai Z, Zhang S, Zhou L, Yang J, Liu T, Jin S, Cui J. Palmitoylation prevents sustained inflammation by limiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation through chaperone-mediated autophagy. Mol Cell 2023; 83:281-297.e10. [PMID: 36586411 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a key component of the inflammasome, NLRP3 is a critical intracellular danger sensor emerging as an important clinical target in inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the mechanisms that determine the kinetics of NLRP3 inflammasome stability and activity to ensure effective and controllable inflammatory responses. Here, we show that S-palmitoylation acts as a brake to turn NLRP3 inflammasome off. zDHHC12 is identified as the S-acyltransferase for NLRP3 palmitoylation, which promotes its degradation through the chaperone-mediated autophagy pathway. Zdhhc12 deficiency in mice enhances inflammatory symptoms and lethality following alum-induced peritonitis and LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Notably, several disease-associated mutations in NLRP3 are associated with defective palmitoylation, resulting in overt NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, our findings identify zDHHC12 as a repressor of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and uncover a previously unknown regulatory mechanism by which the inflammasome pathway is tightly controlled by the dynamic palmitoylation of NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- The Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Cai
- The Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Zhang
- The Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Takeda Y, Harada Y, Yoshikawa T, Dai P. Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in the Regulation of Thermogenic Brown Fats and Human Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021352. [PMID: 36674862 PMCID: PMC9861294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown fats specialize in thermogenesis by increasing the utilization of circulating blood glucose and fatty acids. Emerging evidence suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) prevents the incidence of obesity-associated metabolic diseases and several types of cancers in humans. Mitochondrial energy metabolism in brown/beige adipocytes regulates both uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent and -independent thermogenesis for cold adaptation and the utilization of excess nutrients and energy. Many studies on the quantification of human BAT indicate that mass and activity are inversely correlated with the body mass index (BMI) and visceral adiposity. Repression is caused by obesity-associated positive and negative factors that control adipocyte browning, de novo adipogenesis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, UCP1 expression and activity, and noradrenergic response. Systemic and local factors whose levels vary between lean and obese conditions include growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, and metal ions such as selenium and iron. Modulation of obesity-associated repression in human brown fats is a promising strategy to counteract obesity and related metabolic diseases through the activation of thermogenic capacity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in mitochondrial metabolism, thermogenic regulation of brown fats, and human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Takeda
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, 103-5 Tanaka-Monzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
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26
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Li H, Ren J, Li Y, Wu Q, Wei J. Oxidative stress: The nexus of obesity and cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1134025. [PMID: 37077347 PMCID: PMC10107409 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1134025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with oxidative stress. Obese patients are at increased risk for diabetic cognitive dysfunction, indicating a pathological link between obesity, oxidative stress, and diabetic cognitive dysfunction. Obesity can induce the biological process of oxidative stress by disrupting the adipose microenvironment (adipocytes, macrophages), mediating low-grade chronic inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction (mitochondrial division, fusion). Furthermore, oxidative stress can be implicated in insulin resistance, inflammation in neural tissues, and lipid metabolism disorders, affecting cognitive dysfunction in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yusi Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junping Wei,
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27
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Hu J, Xue S, Xu Z, Wu Z, Xu X, Wang X, Liu G, Lu X, Li B, Liu X. Identification of core cuprotosis-correlated biomarkers in abdominal aortic aneurysm immune microenvironment based on bioinformatics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138126. [PMID: 37138870 PMCID: PMC10150024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is related to the disorder of immune microenvironment. Cuprotosis was reported to influence the immune microenvironment. The objective of this study is to identify cuprotosis-related genes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AAA. Methods Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in mouse were identified following AAA through high-throughput RNA sequencing. The enrichment analyses of pathway were selected through Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The validation of cuprotosis-related genes was conducted through immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. Results Totally, 27616 lncRNAs and 2189 mRNAs were observed to be differentially expressed (|Fold Change| ≥ 2 and q< 0.05) after AAA, including 10424 up-regulated and 17192 down-regulated lncRNAs, 1904 up-regulated and 285 down-regulated mRNAs. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs were implicated in many different biological processes and pathways. Furthermore, Cuprotosis-related genes (NLRP3, FDX1) were upregulated in the AAA samples compared with the normal one. Conclusion Cuprotosis-related genes (NLRP3,FDX1) involved in AAA immune environment might be critical for providing new insight into identification of potential targets for AAA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiateng Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Centre of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijue Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Centre of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Centre of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintong Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Centre of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Centre of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Centre of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Centre of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinwu Lu, ; Bo Li, ; Xiaobing Liu,
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Centre of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinwu Lu, ; Bo Li, ; Xiaobing Liu,
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Centre of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinwu Lu, ; Bo Li, ; Xiaobing Liu,
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28
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Chang R, Tang Y, Jia H, Dong Z, Gao S, Song Q, Dong H, Xu Q, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Sun X, Xu C. Activation of PINK1-mediated mitophagy protects bovine mammary epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial and inflammatory damage in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:172-183. [PMID: 36464026 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Increased metabolic stress during early lactation results in damage of mitochondria and inflammatory responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells, both of which could be aggravated by inhibition of mitophagy. PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy is essential in the removal of damaged mitochondria and the regulation of inflammatory responses. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of PINK1-mediated mitophagy on mitochondrial damage and inflammatory responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Exogenous LPS activated mitophagy and led to lower protein abundance of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes (COI-V) and lower oxygen consumption rate (OCR) along with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (Mito-ROS) content. These effects were also associated with increased protein abundance of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) in a time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) or knockdown of PINK1 aggravated the downregulation of COI-V protein abundance, the increase in Mito-ROS content, and the protein abundance of NLRP3, Cleaved-Caspase-1 and IL-1β induced by LPS. Overexpression of PINK1 activated mitophagy and alleviated LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing Mito-ROS production. Overall, the data suggested that PINK1-mediated mitophagy is a crucial anti-inflammatory mechanism that removes damaged mitochondria in bovine mammary epithelial cells experiencing an increased inflammatory load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renxu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hongdou Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Qian Song
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Qiushi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA
| | - Xudong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
| | - Chuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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29
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Yu B, Pan JB, Yu FY. The combination of nuclear receptor NR1D1 and ULK1 promotes mitophagy in adipocytes to ameliorate obesity. Adipocyte 2022; 11:202-212. [PMID: 35410572 PMCID: PMC9009922 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a severe disease worldwide. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) may be related to metabolic abnormalities in obese individuals, but the mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to investigate whether nuclear receptors NR1D1 and ULK1 influence obesity by affecting mitophagy. In vitro model was established by inducing 3T3-L1 cells differentiation. MTT was detected cell viability. ELISA was tested triglyceride (TG). Oil red O staining was performed to detect lipid droplets. Flow cytometry was measured mtROS. ChIP and Dual-luciferase reporter assay were verified NR1D1 bind to ULK1. LC3 level was detected by IF. After differentiation medium treatment, cell viability was decreased, TG content and lipid droplets were increased Moreover, NR1D1 expression was reduced in Model group. NR1D1 overexpression was increased cell viability, reduced TG content and lipid droplets. Subsequently, NR1D1 inhibited TOM20 and mtROS, whereas, Parkin and PINK1 were accelerated. NR1D1 overexpression facilitated LC3 expression, whereas ULK1 knockdown was reversed the effect of NR1D1 overexpression. Liensinine also reversed the effect of NR1D1 overexpression, that is, cell viability was reduced, mtROS, TG content and lipid droplets were increased. The combination of nuclear receptor NR1D1 and ULK1 promoted mitophagy in adipocytes to alleviate obesity, which provided new target and strategy for obesity treatment.Abbreviations: Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), triglyceride (TG), Uncoordinated-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1), American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), fetal bovine serum (FBS), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone (DEX), short hairpin RNA ULK1 (sh-ULK1), wild-type (WT), mutant (MUT), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Immunofluorescence (IF), standard deviation (SD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of General Medicine, Yueyang People’s Hospital, Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Bao Pan
- Department of General Medicine, Yueyang People’s Hospital, Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Yue Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang People’s Hospital, Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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30
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Hypoxia as a Double-Edged Sword to Combat Obesity and Comorbidities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233735. [PMID: 36496995 PMCID: PMC9736735 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity is tightly associated with numerous comorbidities, such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and the metabolic syndrome. Among the key features of obesity, some studies have suggested the abnormal expansion of adipose-tissue-induced local endogenous hypoxic, while other studies indicated endogenous hyperoxia as the opposite trend. Endogenous hypoxic aggravates dysfunction in adipose tissue and stimulates secretion of inflammatory molecules, which contribute to obesity. In contrast, hypoxic exposure combined with training effectively generate exogenous hypoxic to reduce body weight and downregulate metabolic risks. The (patho)physiological effects in adipose tissue are distinct from those of endogenous hypoxic. We critically assess the latest advances on the molecular mediators of endogenous hypoxic that regulate the dysfunction in adipose tissue. Subsequently we propose potential therapeutic targets in adipose tissues and the small molecules that may reverse the detrimental effect of local endogenous hypoxic. More importantly, we discuss alterations of metabolic pathways in adipose tissue and the metabolic benefits brought by hypoxic exercise. In terms of therapeutic intervention, numerous approaches have been developed to treat obesity, nevertheless durability and safety remain the major concern. Thus, a combination of the therapies that suppress endogenous hypoxic with exercise plans that augment exogenous hypoxic may accelerate the development of more effective and durable medications to treat obesity and comorbidities.
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Yuan Q, Zeng ZL, Yang S, Li A, Zu X, Liu J. Mitochondrial Stress in Metabolic Inflammation: Modest Benefits and Full Losses. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8803404. [PMID: 36457729 PMCID: PMC9708372 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8803404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Energy intake and metabolic balance are the pillars of health preservation. Overnutrition causes nonspecific, persistently low inflammatory state known as metabolic inflammation. This condition contributes to the pathophysiology of various metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. The mitochondria maintain the balance of energy metabolism. Excessive energy stress can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which promotes metabolic inflammation. The inflammatory environment further impairs mitochondrial function. Accordingly, excellent organism design keeps the body metabolically healthy in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction, and moderate mitochondrial stress can have a beneficial effect. This review summarises the research progress on the multifaceted characterisation of mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in metabolic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Z. L. Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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AlZaim I, Eid AH, Abd-Elrahman KS, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiometabolic Diseases: On the Search for Novel Molecular Targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jiang H, Chen F, Song D, Zhou X, Ren L, Zeng M. Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Is Involved in Mitochondrial Damage, Defective Mitophagy, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Induced by MSU Crystals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5064494. [PMID: 36338340 PMCID: PMC9627272 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5064494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has great impacts on MSU crystal-induced inflammation. Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission is closely associated with mitochondrial ROS levels. However, whether Drp1 signaling contributes to MSU crystal-induced inflammation remains unclear. Mice bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were primed with LPS and then stimulated with MSU suspensions for 12 h. The protein levels associated with mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and mitophagy were detected by Western blot. BMDMs were loaded with MitoTracker Green probe to detect mitochondrial morphology. To measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total ROS levels, cells were loaded, respectively, with MitoSOX and DHE probes. The effects of Mito-TEMPO, an antioxidant that targets the mitochondria or DRP1 inhibitor (Mdivi-1) on MSU crystal-induced peritonitis and arthritis mouse models, were evaluated. Our study revealed that MSU crystal stimulation resulted in elevation of mitochondrial fragmentation of BMDMs. Treatment with Mito-TEMPO or Drp1 knockdown significantly ameliorated the mitochondrial damage induced by MSU crystals. BMDMs exposure to MSU crystals increased the expression of auto/mitophagy marker proteins and promoted the fusion of mitophagosomes with lysosomes, leading to accumulation of mitolysosomes. Drp1 knockdown alleviated defective mitophagy and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in MSU crystal-treated BMDMs. This study indicates that there is crosstalk between mitochondrial ROS and Drp1 signaling in MSU crystal-induced inflammation. Drp1 signaling is involved in MSU crystal-induced mitochondrial damage, impaired mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
| | - DianZe Song
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
| | - Long Ren
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Nanchong City, 21# Bajiao Street, Nanchong, 637100 Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College and Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, 637001 Sichuan, China
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Nanchong City, 21# Bajiao Street, Nanchong, 637100 Sichuan, China
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Pant A, Yao X, Lavedrine A, Viret C, Dockterman J, Chauhan S, Chong-Shan Shi, Manjithaya R, Cadwell K, Kufer TA, Kehrl JH, Coers J, Sibley LD, Faure M, Taylor GA, Chauhan S. Interactions of Autophagy and the Immune System in Health and Diseases. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2022; 1:438-515. [PMID: 37425656 PMCID: PMC10327624 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that utilizes lysosomes to selectively degrade a variety of intracellular cargo, thus providing quality control over cellular components and maintaining cellular regulatory functions. Autophagy is triggered by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient starvation to microbial infection. Autophagy extensively shapes and modulates the inflammatory response, the concerted action of immune cells, and secreted mediators aimed to eradicate a microbial infection or to heal sterile tissue damage. Here, we first review how autophagy affects innate immune signaling, cell-autonomous immune defense, and adaptive immunity. Then, we discuss the role of non-canonical autophagy in microbial infections and inflammation. Finally, we review how crosstalk between autophagy and inflammation influences infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Pant
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aude Lavedrine
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Jake Dockterman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Swati Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chong-Shan Shi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John H. Kehrl
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Santosh Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- CSIR–Centre For Cellular And Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana
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Oh SJ, Lee MS. Role of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Therapeutic Potential of Autophagy Modulators in the Treatment of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e276. [PMID: 36163475 PMCID: PMC9512677 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is critically involved in the maintenance of intracellular nutrient homeostasis and organelle function. Dysregulated autophagy is likely to play a role in the development of metabolic disorders and diabetes because autophagy is critical in the rejuvenation of dysfunctional or stressed endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria that play a crucial role in the development of diabetes. Indeed, systemic autophagy insufficiency led to the increased tissue lipid content, aggravated metabolic and finally more severe diabetes when metabolic stress was imposed, suggesting that autophagy insufficiency of dysfunction of lysosome, an effector organelle of autophagy, due to aging, genetic predisposition or environmental factors could be an underlying cause of diabetes. Conversely, autophagy enhancer could improve metabolic profile of obese mice by reducing tissue lipid content and ameliorating metabolic inflammation. Furthermore, clearance of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) oligomer and amyloid that accumulate in pancreatic islets of > 90% of diabetes patients was also dependent on autophagy. Consistently, autophagy enhancer could improve glucose profile and β-cell function of transgenic mice expressing amyloidogenic hIAPP in pancreatic β-cells, which was accompanied by reduced accumulation of hIAPP oligomer or amyloid, ameliorated β-cell apoptosis and increased β-cell mass. These results suggest that autophagy enhancer could be a novel therapeutic modality against diabetes associated with lipid overload and human diabetes characterized by islet amyloid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
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Wang Q, Zhou H, Bu Q, Wei S, Li L, Zhou J, Zhou S, Su W, Liu M, Liu Z, Wang M, Lu L. Role of XBP1 in regulating the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2022; 77:312-325. [PMID: 35292349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and hepatic inflammation, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) in the progression of NASH. METHODS Human liver tissues obtained from patients with NASH and controls were used to assess XBP1 expression. NASH models were developed in hepatocyte-specific Xbp1 knockout (Xbp1ΔHep), macrophage-specific Xbp1 knockout (Xbp1ΔMf), macrophage-specific Nlrp3 knockout, and wild-type (Xbp1FL/FL or Nlrp3FL/FL) mice fed with a high-fat diet for 26 weeks or a methionine/choline-deficient diet for 6 weeks. RESULTS The expression of XBP1 was significantly upregulated in liver samples from patients with NASH. Hepatocyte-specific Xbp1 deficiency inhibited the development of steatohepatitis in mice fed the high-fat or methionine/choline-deficient diets. Meanwhile, macrophage-specific Xbp1 knockout mice developed less severe steatohepatitis and fibrosis than wild-type Xbp1FL/FL mice in response to the high-fat or methionine/choline-deficient diets. Macrophage-specific Xbp1 knockout mice showed M2 anti-inflammatory polarization. Xbp1-deleted macrophages reduced steatohepatitis by decreasing the expression of NLRP3 and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which mediate M2 macrophage polarization in macrophage-specific Xbp1 knockout mice. Steatohepatitis was less severe in macrophage-specific Nlrp3 knockout mice than in wild-type Nlrp3FL/FL mice. Xbp1-deleted macrophages prevented hepatic stellate cell activation by decreasing expression of TGF-β1. Less fibrotic changes were observed in macrophage-specific Xbp1 knockout mice than in wild-type Xbp1FL/FL mice. Inhibition of XBP1 suppressed the development of NASH. CONCLUSION XBP1 regulates the development of NASH. XBP1 inhibitors protect against steatohepatitis. Thus, XBP1 is a potential target for the treatment of NASH. LAY SUMMARY XBP1 is a transcription factor that is upregulated in liver tissues of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Conditional knockout of Xbp1 in hepatocytes resulted in decreased lipid accumulation in mice, while genetic deletion of Xbp1 in macrophages ameliorated nutritional steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of XBP1 protects against steatohepatitis and fibrosis, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingfa Bu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Wei
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinren Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wantong Su
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Liu B, Wang D, Cao Y, Wu J, Zhou Y, Wu W, Wu J, Zhou J, Qiu J. MitoTEMPO protects against podocyte injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome via PINK1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 929:175136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Choi M, Mukherjee S, Yun JW. Colchicine stimulates browning via antagonism of GABA receptor B and agonism of β3-adrenergic receptor in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 552:111677. [PMID: 35598717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Colchicine has been used for therapeutic purposes and has attracted considerable attention because of its association with tubulin and the inhibition of small tubular polymerization. Although several studies have examined the possible preventive role of colchicine in metabolic diseases, its role in adipocytes is largely unknown. This study examined the novel functional role of colchicine in adipocytes demonstrating that colchicine stimulates browning in cultured white adipocytes. Colchicine stimulates browning by increasing the brown- and beige fat-specific markers in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. Interestingly, colchicine decreased the expression of the main lipolytic proteins (ATGL, p-HSL) while it activated Ces3, suggesting a possibility for supplying essential fatty acids for inducing thermogenesis. Molecular docking analysis showed that colchicine has a strong affinity against GABA-BR and β3-AR, and its binding activity with GABA-BR (-26.52 kJ/mol) was stronger than β3-AR (-20.71 kJ/mol). Mechanistic studies were conducted by treating the cells separately with agonists and antagonists of GABA-BR and β3-AR to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the browning effect of colchicine. The results showed that colchicine stimulates browning via the antagonism of GABA-BR and the agonism of β3-AR in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. The colchicine-mediated activation of β3-AR stimulated the PKA/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, where consequently ATF2 acted as a positive regulator, but AFT4 was a negative regulator for the induction of browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJi Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sulagna Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling,Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Blevins HM, Xu Y, Biby S, Zhang S. The NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway: A Review of Mechanisms and Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:879021. [PMID: 35754962 PMCID: PMC9226403 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.879021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that plays a pivotal role in regulating the innate immune system and inflammatory signaling. Upon activation by PAMPs and DAMPs, NLRP3 oligomerizes and activates caspase-1 which initiates the processing and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. NLRP3 is the most extensively studied inflammasome to date due to its array of activators and aberrant activation in several inflammatory diseases. Studies using small molecules and biologics targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway have shown positive outcomes in treating various disease pathologies by blocking chronic inflammation. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the NLRP3 mechanism, its role in disease pathology, and provide a broad review of therapeutics discovered to target the NLRP3 pathway and their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Progressive brown adipocyte dysfunction: whitening and impaired nonshivering thermogenesis as long-term obesity complications. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 105:109002. [PMID: 35346828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obesity damages the cytoarchitecture of brown adipose tissue (BAT), leading to whitening of brown adipocytes and impaired thermogenesis, characterizing BAT dysfunction. Understanding the pathways of whitening progression can bring new targets to counter obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the chronic effect (12, 16, and 20 weeks) of a high-fat diet (50% energy as fat) upon energy expenditure, thermogenic markers, and pathways involved in BAT whitening in C57BL/6J mice. Sixty adult male mice comprised six nutritional groups, where the letters refer to the diet type (control, C or high-fat, HF), and the numbers refer to the period (in weeks) of diet administration: C12, HF12, C16, HF16, C20, and HF20. After sacrifice, biochemical, molecular, and stereological analyses addressed the outcomes. The HF groups had overweight, oral glucose intolerance, and hyperleptinemia, resulting in progressive whitening of BAT and decreased numerical density of nuclei per area of tissue compared to age-matched control groups. In addition, the whitening maximization was related to altered batokines gene expression, decreased nonshivering thermogenesis, and body temperature, resulting in low energy expenditure. The HF20 group showed enlarged adipocytes with stable and dysfunctional lipid droplets, followed by inflammation and ER stress. In conclusion, chronic HF diet intake caused time-dependent maximization of whitening with defective nonshivering thermogenesis. Long-term BAT dysfunction includes down-regulated vascularization markers, upregulated inflammasome activation, and ER stress markers.
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Ding XQ, Jian TY, Gai YN, Niu GT, Liu Y, Meng XH, Li J, Lyu H, Ren BR, Chen J. Chicoric Acid Attenuated Renal Tubular Injury in HFD-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mice through the Promotion of Mitophagy via the Nrf2/PINK/Parkin Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2923-2935. [PMID: 35195395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the main factor in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the excessive apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and its underlying mechanism of action are worth further investigation. Chicoric acid (CA), a major active constituent of the Uyghur folk medicine chicory, was recorded to possess a renal protective effect. The precise effect of CA on renal tubular injury in obesity-related CKD remains unknown. In the current study, CA was proven to ameliorate metabolic disorders including overweight, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Furthermore, the reverse effect of CA on renal histological changes and functional damage was confirmed. In vitro, the alleviation of lipid accumulation and cell apoptosis was observed in palmitic acid (PA)-exposed HK2 cells. Treatment with CA reduced mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in the renal tubule of HFD-fed mice and PA-treated HK2 cells. Finally, CA was observed to activate the Nrf2 pathway; increase PINK and Parkin expression; and regulate LC3, SQSTM1, Mfn2, and FIS1 expression; therefore, it would improve mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy to alleviate mitochondrial damage in RTECs of obesity-related CKD. These results may provide fresh insights into the promotion of mitophagy in the prevention and alleviation of obesity-related CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Ding
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tun-Yu Jian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ya-Nan Gai
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guan-Ting Niu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Meng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Han Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bing-Ru Ren
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Wu R, Cao S, Li F, Feng S, Shu G, Wang L, Gao P, Zhu X, Zhu C, Wang S, Jiang Q. RNA-binding protein YBX1 promotes brown adipogenesis and thermogenesis via PINK1/PRKN-mediated mitophagy. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22219. [PMID: 35195911 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101810rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Promoting the thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising strategy to combat obesity and metabolic disorders. While much is known about the transcriptional regulation of BAT activation, however, the underlying mechanism of post-transcriptional control by RNA binding proteins remains largely unknown. Here, we found that RNA binding protein Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) expression was abundant in BAT and induced by cold exposure and a β-adrenergic agonist in mice. Loss-of-function experiments showed that YBX1 deficiency inhibited mouse primary brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic function. Further study showed that YBX1 positively regulates thermogenesis through enhancing mitophagy. Mechanistically, RNA immunoprecipitation identified that YBX1 directly targeted the transcripts of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (Pink1) and parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (Prkn), two key regulators of mitophagy. RNA decay assay proved that loss of YBX1 decreased mRNA stability of Pink1 and Prkn, leading to reduced protein expression, thereby alleviating mitophagy and inhibiting thermogenic program. Importantly, in vivo experiments demonstrated that YBX1 overexpression in BAT promoted thermogenesis and mitophagy in mice. Collectively, our results reveal novel insight into the molecular mechanism of YBX1 in post-transcriptional regulation of PINK1/PRKN-mediated mitophagy and highlight the critical role of YBX1 in brown adipogenesis and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifan Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengchun Feng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu L, Liu L. New Insights Into the Interplay Among Autophagy, the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Inflammation in Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:739882. [PMID: 35432210 PMCID: PMC9008752 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.739882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a feature of metabolic syndrome with chronic inflammation in obese subjects, characterized by adipose tissue (AT) expansion, proinflammatory factor overexpression, and macrophage infiltration. Autophagy modulates inflammation in the enlargement of AT as an essential step for maintaining the balance in energy metabolism and waste elimination. Signaling originating from dysfunctional AT, such as AT containing hypertrophic adipocytes and surrounding macrophages, activates NOD-like receptor family 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. There are interactions about altered autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during the progress in obesity. We summarize the current studies and potential mechanisms associated with autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome in AT inflammation and aim to provide further evidence for research on obesity and obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Liu,
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Potential Combination Drug Therapy to Prevent Redox Stress and Mitophagy Dysregulation in Retinal Müller Cells under High Glucose Conditions: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040091. [PMID: 34940029 PMCID: PMC8700204 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia-induced thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression, associated oxidative/nitrosative stress (ROS/RNS), and mitochondrial dysfunction play critical roles in the etiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, there is no effective drug treatment to prevent or slow down the progression of DR. The purpose of this study is to examine if a combination drug treatment targeting TXNIP and the mitochondria-lysosome pathway prevents high glucose-induced mitochondrial stress and mitophagic flux in retinal Müller glial cells in culture, relevant to DR. We show that diabetes induces TXNIP expression, redox stress, and Müller glia activation (gliosis) in rat retinas when compared to non-diabetic rat retinas. Furthermore, high glucose (HG, 25 mM versus low glucose, LG 5.5 mM) also induces TXNIP expression and mitochondrial stress in a rat retinal Müller cell line, rMC1, in in vitro cultures. Additionally, we develop a mitochondria-targeted mCherry and EGFP probe tagged with two tandem COX8a mitochondrial target sequences (adenovirus-CMV-2×mt8a-CG) to examine mitophagic flux in rMC1. A triple drug combination treatment was applied using TXNIP-IN1 (which inhibits TXNIP interaction with thioredoxin), Mito-Tempo (mitochondrial anti-oxidant), and ML-SA1 (lysosome targeted activator of transient calcium channel MCOLN1/TRPML1 and of transcription factor TFEB) to study the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis dysregulation. We found that HG induces TXNIP expression, redox stress, and mitophagic flux in rMC1 versus LG. Treatment with the triple drug combination prevents mitophagic flux and restores transcription factor TFEB and PGC1α nuclear localization under HG, which is critical for lysosome biosynthesis and mitogenesis, respectively. Our results demonstrate that 2×mt8a-CG is a suitable probe for monitoring mitophagic flux, both in live and fixed cells in in vitro experiments, which may also be applicable to in vivo animal studies, and that the triple drug combination treatment has the potential for preventing retinal injury and disease progression in diabetes.
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Chen X, Zhang D, Li Y, Wang W, Bei W, Guo J. NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β pathway in type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: Friend or foe? Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105885. [PMID: 34536551 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis have gradually garnered great attention as inflammatory diseases. Previously, the fact that Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) accelerates the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis has been proved in animal experiments and clinical trials. However, the continued studies found that the effect of IL-1β on type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis is much more complicated than the negative impact. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3) inflammasome, whose activation and assembly significantly affect the release of IL-1β, is a crucial effector activated by a variety of metabolites. The diversity of NLRP3 activation mode is one of the fundamental reasons for the intricate effects on the progression of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis, providing many new insights for us to intervene in metabolic diseases. This review focuses on how NLRP3 inflammasome affects the progression of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis and what opportunities and challenges it can bring us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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46
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Qin N, Xu G, Wang Y, Zhan X, Gao Y, Wang Z, Fu S, Shi W, Hou X, Wang C, Li R, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhao H, Xiao X, Bai Z. Bavachin enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by ATP or nigericin and causes idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. Front Med 2021; 15:594-607. [PMID: 33909257 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Psoraleae Fructus (PF) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine in China, and it is widely used for osteoporosis, vitiligo, and other diseases in clinical settings. However, liver injury caused by PF and its preparations has been frequently reported in recent years. Our previous studies have demonstrated that PF could cause idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI), but the mechanism underlying its hepatotoxicity remains unclear. This paper reports that bavachin isolated from PF enhances the specific stimuli-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and leads to hepatotoxicity. Bavachin boosts the secretion of IL-1β and caspase-1 caused by ATP or nigericin but not those induced by poly(I:C), monosodium urate crystal, or intracellular lipopolysaccharide. Bavachin does not affect AIM2 or NLRC4 inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, bavachin specifically increases the production of nigericin-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species among the most important upstream events in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Bavachin increases the levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase in serum and hepatocyte injury accompanied by the secretion of IL-1β via a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-mediated susceptibility to IDILI. These results suggest that bavachin specifically enhances the ATP- or nigericin-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Bavachin also potentially contributes to PF-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. Moreover, bavachin and PF should be evaded among patients with diseases linked to the ATP- or nigericin-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which may be a dangerous factor for liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qin
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226300, China
| | - Guang Xu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yan Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.,School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhan
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shubin Fu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Wei Shi
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China. .,Integrative Medical Centre, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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An update on the regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1141-1160. [PMID: 33850310 PMCID: PMC8093260 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in the release of mature interleukin-1β and triggering of pyroptosis, which is of paramount importance in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Over the past decade, considerable advances have been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the priming/licensing (Signal 1) and assembly (Signal 2) involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Recently, a number of studies have indicated that the priming/licensing step is regulated by complicated mechanisms at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the mechanistic details of NLRP3 inflammasome activation with a particular emphasis on protein-protein interactions, posttranslational modifications, and spatiotemporal regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome machinery. We also present a detailed summary of multiple positive and/or negative regulatory pathways providing upstream signals that culminate in NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation will provide opportunities for the development of methods for the prevention and treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.
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From Mitochondria to Atherosclerosis: The Inflammation Path. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030258. [PMID: 33807807 PMCID: PMC8000234 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key process in metazoan organisms due to its relevance for innate defense against infections and tissue damage. However, inflammation is also implicated in pathological processes such as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall where unstable atherosclerotic plaque rupture causing platelet aggregation and thrombosis may compromise the arterial lumen, leading to acute or chronic ischemic syndromes. In this review, we will focus on the role of mitochondria in atherosclerosis while keeping inflammation as a link. Mitochondria are the main source of cellular energy. Under stress, mitochondria are also capable of controlling inflammation through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), into the cytoplasm or into the extracellular matrix, where they act as danger signals when recognized by innate immune receptors. Primary or secondary mitochondrial dysfunctions are associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis by elevating the production of ROS, altering mitochondrial dynamics and energy supply, as well as promoting inflammation. Knowing and understanding the pathways behind mitochondrial-based inflammation in atheroma progression is essential to discovering alternative or complementary treatments.
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Paul S, Pickrell AM. Hidden phenotypes of PINK1/Parkin knockout mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129871. [PMID: 33571581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PINK1, a serine/threonine ubiquitin kinase, and Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, work in coordination to target damaged mitochondria to the lysosome in a process called mitophagy. This review will cover what we have learned from PINK1 and Parkin knockout (KO) mice. Systemic PINK1 and Parkin KO mouse models haven't faithfully recapitulated early onset forms of Parkinson's disease found in humans with recessive mutations in these genes. However, the utilization of these mouse models has given us insight into how PINK1 and Parkin contribute to mitochondrial quality control and function in different tissues beyond the brain such as in heart and adipose tissue. Although PINK1 and Parkin KO mice have been generated over a decade ago, these models are still being used today to creatively elucidate cell-type specific functions. Recently, these mouse models have uncovered that these proteins contribute to innate immunity and cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatika Paul
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24601, USA; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Alicia M Pickrell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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50
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The Mechanisms of Peripheral Nerve Preconditioning Injury on Promoting Axonal Regeneration. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6648004. [PMID: 33505458 PMCID: PMC7806370 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6648004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major factors contribute to the failure of axonal regrowth in the central nervous system (CNS), namely, the neuronal intrinsic regenerative capacity and the extrinsic local inhibitory microenvironments. However, a preconditioning peripheral nerve lesion could substantially enhance the regeneration of central axons following a subsequent spinal cord injury. In the present review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of the preconditioning injury effect on promoting axonal regeneration. The injury signal transduction resulting from preconditioning peripheral nerve injury regulates the RAG expression to enhance axonal regeneration. Importantly, preconditioning peripheral nerve injury triggers interactions between neurons and nonneuronal cells to amplify and maintain their effects. Additionally, the preconditioning injury impacts mitochondria, protein, and lipid synthesis. All these coordinated changes endow axonal regeneration.
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