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Pelclova D, Bradna P, Lischkova L, Zdimal V, Maskova L, Klusackova P, Kolesnikova V, Ondracek J, Schwarz J, Pohanka M, Navratil T, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Duskova J, Rossnerova A, Roubickova A. Are there Risks from Nanocomposite Restoration Grinding for Dentists? Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00144-8. [PMID: 39060197 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of short-term inhalational exposure to nanoparticles released during dental composite grinding on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four healthy volunteers were examined before and after exposure in dental workshop. They spent 76.8 ± 0.7 min in the testing room during grinding of dental nanocomposites. The individual exposure to aerosol particles in each participant´s breathing zones was monitored using a personal nanoparticle sampler (PENS). Exhaled breath condensate (EBC), blood, and urine samples were collected pre- and post-exposure to measure one oxidative stress marker, i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and two biomarkers of antioxidant capacity, i.e., ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) by spectrophotometry. Spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were used to evaluate the effect of acute inhalational exposure. RESULTS Mean mass of dental nanocomposite ground away was 0.88 ± 0.32 g. Average individual doses of respirable particles and nanoparticles measured by PENS were 380 ± 150 and 3.3 ± 1.3 μg, respectively. No significant increase of the post-exposure oxidative stress marker TBARS in EBC and plasma was seen. No decrease in antioxidant capacity biomarkers FRAP and GSH in EBC post-exposure was seen, either. Post-exposure, conjunctival hyperemia was seen in 62.5% volunteers; however, no impairment in spirometry or FeNO results was observed. No correlation of any biomarker measured with individual exposure was found, however, several correlations with interfering factors (age, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and environmental pollution parameters) were seen. CONCLUSIONS This study, using oxidative stress biomarker and antioxidant capacity biomarkers in biological fluids of volunteers during the grinding of dental nanocomposites did not prove a negative effect of this intense short-term exposure. However, further studies are needed to evaluate oxidative stress in long-term exposure of both stomatologists and patients and diverse populations with varying health statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Bradna
- Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Lischkova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Maskova
- Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Klusackova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktoriia Kolesnikova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Navratil
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Duskova
- Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Roubickova
- Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Klusackova P, Lischkova L, Kolesnikova V, Navratil T, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Schwarz J, Ondracek J, Ondrackova L, Kostejn M, Dvorackova S, Rossnerova A, Pohanka M, Bradna P, Zdimal V, Pelclova D. Elevated glutathione in researchers exposed to engineered nanoparticles due to potential adaptation to oxidative stress. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:185-198. [PMID: 38275177 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To find a practical biomonitoring method for researchers exposed to nanoparticles causing oxidative stress. Methods: In a continuation of a study in 2016-2018, biological samples (plasma, urine and exhaled breath condensate [EBC]) were collected in 2019-2020 from 43 researchers (13.8 ± 3.0 years of exposure) and 45 controls. Antioxidant status was assessed using glutathione (GSH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power, while oxidative stress was measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, all using spectrophotometric methods. Researchers' personal nanoparticle exposure was monitored. Results: Plasma GSH was elevated in researchers both before and after exposure (p < 0.01); postexposure plasma GSH correlated with nanoparticle exposure, and GSH in EBC increased. Conclusion: The results suggest adaptation to chronic exposure to nanoparticles, as monitored by plasma and EBC GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Klusackova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague & General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Lischkova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague & General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Viktoriia Kolesnikova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague & General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Navratil
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague & General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague & General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague & General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Ondrackova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kostejn
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Dvorackova
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Machining & Assembly, Department of Engineering Technology, Department of Material Science, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Nanotoxicology & Molecular Epidemiology, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, 500 01, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bradna
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague & General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague & General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
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3
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Bocca B, Battistini B. Biomarkers of exposure and effect in human biomonitoring of metal-based nanomaterials: their use in primary prevention and health surveillance. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:1-35. [PMID: 38436298 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2301692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Metal-based nanomaterials (MNMs) have gained particular interest in nanotechnology industry. They are used in various industrial processes, in biomedical applications or to improve functional properties of several consumer products. The widescale use of MNMs in the global consumer market has resulted in increases in the likelihood of exposure and risks to human beings. Human exposure to MNMs and assessment of their potential health effects through the concomitant application of biomarkers of exposure and effect of the most commonly used MNMs were reviewed in this paper. In particular, interactions of MNMs with biological systems and the nanobiomonitoring as a prevention tool to detect the early damage caused by MNMs as well as related topics like the influence of some physicochemical features of MNMs and availability of analytical approaches for MNMs testing in human samples were summarized in this review. The studies collected and discussed seek to increase the current knowledge on the internal dose exposure and health effects of MNMs, highlighting the advantages in using biomarkers in primary prevention and health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Battistini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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4
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Bonetta S, Macrì M, Acito M, Villarini M, Moretti M, Bonetta S, Bosio D, Mariella G, Bellisario V, Bergamaschi E, Carraro E. DNA damage in workers exposed to pigment grade titanium dioxide (TiO 2) and association with biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104328. [PMID: 38013010 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at investigating DNA damage, micronuclei frequency and meta-nuclear alterations in buccal cells of workers involved in pigment-grade TiO2 production (15 exposed and 20 not-exposed). We also assessed associations of genotoxicity biomarkers with oxidative stress/inflammatory biomarkers in urine and exhaled breath condensate (EBC), as well as possible associations between biomarkers and reported respiratory symptoms. In spite of compliance with TiO2 Occupational Exposure Limits, results showed increased direct/oxidative DNA damage and micronuclei frequency in exposed workers. Genotoxicity parameters were associated with oxidative stress/inflammation biomarkers in urine and EBC, thus confirming that TiO2 exposure can affect the oxidative balance. Workers with higher genotoxic/oxidative stress biomarkers levels reported early respiratory symptoms suggesting that molecular alterations can be predictive of early health dysfunctions. These findings suggest the need to assess early health impairment in health surveillance programs and to address properly safety issues in workplaces where TiO2 is handled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Bonetta
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - M Macrì
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - M Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Si Bonetta
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - D Bosio
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - G Mariella
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - V Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - E Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - E Carraro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
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5
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Blank-Porat D, Amster E. Effect biomarkers of nanoparticle-exposed workers: A scoping review. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:537-563. [PMID: 37490405 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231185994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The widespread and increasing use of engineered nanomaterials (i.e., particulate materials measuring 1-100 nanometers (nm) in at least one dimension) poses a potential health and safety risk to exposed workers. The unique properties of nanomaterials have made nanomaterials useful in multiple industries. However, their production and use may compromise worker health, presenting an emerging occupational health hazard, the acute and chronic effects of which have not been fully assessed. In this scoping review, we critically assess the literature on biomarkers of effect from nanoparticles and discuss the utility of biomonitoring as a means of assessing the physiological effects of nanoparticle exposure among nanotechnology workers. Multiple databases were queried based on select inclusion and exclusion criteria according to PRISMA guidelines, and articles were independently screened by two topic experts. Of 286 articles initially retrieved, 28 were included after screening and eligibility. The reviewed articles indicated that sensitive effect biomarkers could reflect early health effects of exposure to nanoparticles in the workplace and may be useful for monitoring toxicological effects and associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Blank-Porat
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Haifa School of Public Health, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eric Amster
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Haifa School of Public Health, Haifa, Israel
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6
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Hemmendinger M, Squillacioti G, Charreau T, Garzaro G, Ghelli F, Bono R, Sauvain JJ, Suarez G, Hopf NB, Wild P, Progiou A, Fito C, Bergamaschi E, Guseva Canu I. Occupational exposure to nanomaterials and biomarkers in exhaled air and urine: Insights from the NanoExplore international cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108157. [PMID: 37625222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The current evidence on nanomaterial toxicity is mostly derived from experimental studies making it challenging to translate it into human health risks. We established an international cohort (N = 141 workers) within the EU-LIFE project "NanoExplore" to address possible health effects from occupational exposures to nanomaterials. We used a handheld direct-reading optical particle counter to measure airborne nanoparticle number concentrations (PNC) and lung-deposited surface areas (LDSAs). Airborne particles were characterized by TEM and SEM-EDAX. We assessed oxidative/nitrosative stress with a panel of biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) (8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde, nitrotyrosine), inflammation (high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10) and KL-6 (considered as biomarker of interstitial lung fibrosis) and urine (total antioxidant power (TAP), 8-isoprostane, and malondialdehyde). Exhaled breath sampled in gas-sampling bags were assessed for oxidative potential. These biomarkers were quantified pre-shift at the beginning of the workweek and post-shift the 4th day. Relationships between airborne nanoparticle concentration and biomarkers were assessed by multiple linear regression with log-transformed exposure and biomarker concentrations adjusted for potential confounders. We found a positive dose-response relationship for three inflammation biomarkers (IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α) in EBC with both PNC and LDSA. A negative dose-response relationship was observed between PNC and TAP. This study suggests that occupational exposures to nanoparticles can affect the oxidative balance and the innate immunity in occupationally exposed workers. However, owing to the intrinsic variability of biomarkers, the observed changes along with their health significance should be assessed in a long-term perspective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Hemmendinger
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin - Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Charreau
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Garzaro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Ghelli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin - Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin - Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Suarez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Athena Progiou
- ALCON Consultant Engineers Ltd., 18Τroias street, 11257 Athens, Greece
| | - Carlos Fito
- Instituto tecnológico del embalaje, transporte y logística (ITENE), C/Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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7
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Bocca B, Leso V, Battistini B, Caimi S, Senofonte M, Fedele M, Cavallo DM, Cattaneo A, Lovreglio P, Iavicoli I. Human biomonitoring and personal air monitoring. An integrated approach to assess exposure of stainless-steel welders to metal-oxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114736. [PMID: 36343713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In welding, there is a potential risk due to metal-oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) exposure of workers. To investigate this possibility, the diameter and number particles concentration of MONPs were evaluated in different biological matrices and in personal air samples collected from 18 stainless-steel welders and 15 unexposed administrative employees engaged in two Italian mechanical engineering Companies. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and urine were sampled at pre-shift on 1st day and post-shift on 5th day of the workweek, while plasma and inhalable particulate matter (IPM) at post-shift on 5th day and analysed using the Single Particle Mass Spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) technique to assess possible exposure to Cr2O3, Mn3O4 and NiO nanoparticles (NPs) in welders. The NPs in IPM at both Companies presented a multi-oxide composition consisting of Cr2O3 (median, 871,574 particles/m3; 70 nm), Mn3O4 (median, 713,481 particles/m3; 92 nm) and NiO (median, 369,324 particles/m3; 55 nm). The EBC of welders at both Companies showed Cr2O3 NPs median concentration significantly higher at post-shift (64,645 particles/mL; 55 nm) than at pre-shift (15,836 particles/mL; 58 nm). Significantly lower Cr2O3 NPs median concentration and size (7762 particles/mL; 44 nm) were observed in plasma compared to EBC of welders. At one Company, NiO NPs median concentration in EBC (22,000 particles/mL; 65 nm) and plasma (8248 particles/mL; 37 nm) were detected only at post-shift. No particles of Cr2O3, Mn3O4 and NiO were detected in urine of welders at both Companies. The combined analyses of biological matrices and air samples were a valid approach to investigate both internal and external exposure of welding workers to MONPs. Overall, results may inform suitable risk assessment and management procedures in welding operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Battistini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Caimi
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Senofonte
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Fedele
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Insubria University, Como, Italy
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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8
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Luo X, Xie D, Hu J, Su J, Xue Z. Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers for Populations with Occupational Exposure to Nanomaterials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2182. [PMID: 36358554 PMCID: PMC9687069 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to nanomaterials (NMs) is suggested to have the potential to cause harmful health effects. Activations of oxidative stress and inflammation are assumed as main contributors to NM-induced toxicity. Thus, oxidative stress- and inflammation-related indicators may serve as biomarkers for occupational risk assessment. However, the correlation between NM exposure and these biomarkers remains controversial. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to systematically investigate the alterations of various biomarkers after NM exposure. Twenty-eight studies were found eligible by searching PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. The pooled results showed NM exposure was significantly associated with increases in the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.50-2.87], 4-hydroxy-2-nonhenal (HNE) (SMD = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.13-2.96), aldehydes C6-12 (SMD = 3.45; 95% CI, 2.80-4.10), 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHG) (SMD = 2.98; 95% CI, 2.22-3.74), 5-hydroxymethyl uracil (5-OHMeU) (SMD = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.23-2.58), o-tyrosine (o-Tyr) (SMD = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.22-2.41), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NOTyr) (SMD = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.74-3.52), interleukin (IL)-1β (SMD = 1.76; 95% CI, 0.87-2.66), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (SMD = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.03-2.01), myeloperoxidase (MPO) (SMD = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.16-0.34) and fibrinogen (SMD = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02-0.21), and decreases in the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (SMD = -0.31; 95% CI, -0.52--0.11) and IL-6 soluble receptor (IL-6sR) (SMD = -0.18; 95% CI, -0.28--0.09). Subgroup analysis indicated oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, HNE, aldehydes C6-12, 8-OHG, 5-OHMeU, o-Tyr, 3-NOTyr and GPx) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and blood samples were strongly changed by NM exposure; inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, TNF-α, MPO, fibrinogen and IL-6sR) were all significant in EBC, blood, sputum and nasal lavage samples. In conclusion, our findings suggest that these oxidative stress and inflammatory indicators may be promising biomarkers for the biological monitoring of occupationally NM-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Luo
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dongli Xie
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianchen Hu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment, 251 Huaning Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhebin Xue
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
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9
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Detrimental Effects of Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes: Exploring the Neutralizing Influence of Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102071. [PMID: 36290794 PMCID: PMC9598619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation, including its prominent byproducts such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), has long been linked with worsened metabolic health in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In fact, patients with T2D already display increased levels of lipids in circulation, including low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides, which are easily attacked by reactive oxygen molecules to give rise to lipid peroxidation. This process severely depletes intracellular antioxidants to cause excess generation of oxidative stress. This consequence mainly drives poor glycemic control and metabolic complications that are implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease. The current review explores the pathological relevance of elevated lipid peroxidation products in T2D, especially highlighting their potential role as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in disease severity. In addition, we briefly explain the implication of some prominent antioxidant enzymes/factors involved in the blockade of lipid peroxidation, including termination reactions that involve the effect of antioxidants, such as catalase, coenzyme Q10, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as vitamins C and E.
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10
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A Biomonitoring Pilot Study in Workers from a Paints Production Plant Exposed to Pigment-Grade Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040171. [PMID: 35448433 PMCID: PMC9028136 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Among particulate matter composing paints, titanium dioxide (TiO2) forms about 20% of the final suspension. Although TiO2 is broadly used in many applications, TiO2 powders represent an established respiratory hazard for workers with long-term exposure. In 35 workers of a paints production plant (15 exposed and 20 not exposed), we assessed pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17), surfactant protein D (SP-D) and Krebs von den Lungen-6 glycoprotein (KL-6) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). In urine samples, we measured 8-isoprostane (Isop) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) as biomarkers of oxidative stress, and Titanium (Ti-U) as a biomarker of exposure. Health status, habits and occupational history were recorded. Airborne respirable dusts and Ti were quantified. Particle number concentration and average diameter (nm) were detected by a NanoTracer™ monitoring device. Ti was measurable in filters collected at the respiratory breathing zone (0.11−0.44 µg/m3 8-h TWA). IL-1β and IL-10 values were significantly higher in exposed workers, whereas SP-D was significantly lower (p < 0.001). KL-6 was significantly higher in workers than in controls (p < 0.01). MDA levels were significantly increased in exposed workers and were positively correlated with Ti-U. Exposure to TiO2 in paint production is associated with the subtle alterations of lung pathobiology. These findings suggest the need for an integrated approach relying on both personal exposure and biomarker assessment to improve the hazard characterisation in occupational settings.
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Hemmendinger M, Sauvain JJ, Hopf NB, Wild P, Suárez G, Guseva Canu I. Method Validation and Characterization of the Associated Uncertainty for Malondialdehyde Quantification in Exhaled Breath Condensate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111661. [PMID: 34829532 PMCID: PMC8615247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several methods for quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress biomarker, in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). However, due to the very diluted nature of this biological matrix, a high variability is observed at low concentrations. We aimed to optimize a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-based method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and characterize the uncertainty associated with this method. We investigated the following parameters for the method validation: calibration linearity, limit of detection (LOD), precision, recovery, and matrix effect. The results were used to identify the main sources of uncertainty and calculating the combined uncertainty. The applicability of this method was evaluated in an ongoing epidemiological study by analyzing 164 EBC samples collected from different professional groups in subway environments. The optimized method was sensitive (LOD: 70 pg/mL), precise (inter-day variation < 19%) and accurate (recovery range: 92–106.5%). The calculated analytical uncertainty was the highest at the LOQ level and reached 23%. Although the analytical uncertainty was high at low MDA concentrations, it was significantly lower than that the observed inter-individual variability. Hence, this method performs sufficiently well and can be recommended for future use in epidemiological researches relying on between-subject differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Hemmendinger
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Lausanne, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Lausanne, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Lausanne, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- National Research and Safety Institute (INRS), 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Suárez
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Lausanne, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Lausanne, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Braakhuis HM, Murphy F, Ma-Hock L, Dekkers S, Keller J, Oomen AG, Stone V. An Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment to Support Grouping and Read-Across of Nanomaterials After Inhalation Exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:112-128. [PMID: 34746334 PMCID: PMC8567336 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2021.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Here, we describe the generation of hypotheses for grouping nanoforms (NFs) after inhalation exposure and the tailored Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) with which each specific hypothesis can be tested. This is part of a state-of-the-art framework to support the hypothesis-driven grouping and read-across of NFs, as developed by the EU-funded Horizon 2020 project GRACIOUS. Development of Grouping Hypotheses and IATA: Respirable NFs, depending on their physicochemical properties, may dissolve either in lung lining fluid or in acidic lysosomal fluid after uptake by cells. Alternatively, NFs may also persist in particulate form. Dissolution in the lung is, therefore, a decisive factor for the toxicokinetics of NFs. This has led to the development of four hypotheses, broadly grouping NFs as instantaneous, quickly, gradually, and very slowly dissolving NFs. For instantaneously dissolving NFs, hazard information can be derived by read-across from the ions. For quickly dissolving particles, as accumulation of particles is not expected, ion toxicity will drive the toxic profile. However, the particle aspect influences the location of the ion release. For gradually dissolving and very slowly dissolving NFs, particle-driven toxicity is of concern. These NFs may be grouped by their reactivity and inflammation potency. The hypotheses are substantiated by a tailored IATA, which describes the minimum information and laboratory assessments of NFs under investigation required to justify grouping. Conclusion: The GRACIOUS hypotheses and tailored IATA for respiratory toxicity of inhaled NFs can be used to support decision making regarding Safe(r)-by-Design product development or adoption of precautionary measures to mitigate potential risks. It can also be used to support read-across of adverse effects such as pulmonary inflammation and subsequent downstream effects such as lung fibrosis and lung tumor formation after long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig M Braakhuis
- Centre for Health Protection and Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona Murphy
- NanoSafety Research Group, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Susan Dekkers
- Centre for Health Protection and Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Keller
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Agnes G Oomen
- Centre for Health Protection and Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vicki Stone
- NanoSafety Research Group, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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13
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Effects of Workers Exposure to Nanoparticles Studied by NMR Metabolomics. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of occupational exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) were studied by NMR metabolomics. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and blood plasma samples were obtained from a research nanoparticles-processing unit at a national research university. The samples were taken from three groups of subjects: samples from workers exposed to nanoparticles collected before and after shift, and from controls not exposed to NPs. Altogether, 60 1H NMR spectra of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples and 60 1H NMR spectra of blood plasma samples were analysed, 20 in each group. The metabolites identified together with binning data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis, which provided clear discrimination of the groups studied. Statistically significant metabolites responsible for group separation served as a foundation for analysis of impaired metabolic pathways. It was found that the acute effect of NPs exposure is mainly reflected in the pathways related to the production of antioxidants and other protective species, while the chronic effect is manifested mainly in the alteration of glutamine and glutamate metabolism, and the purine metabolism pathway.
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14
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Novotna B, Pelclova D, Rossnerova A, Zdimal V, Ondracek J, Lischkova L, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Klusackova P, Zavodna T, Topinka J, Komarc M, Dvorackova S, Rossner P. The genotoxic effects in the leukocytes of workers handling nanocomposite materials. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:331-340. [PMID: 32701136 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive development of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials poses a number of questions to toxicologists about the potential health risks of exposure to nanoparticles (NP). In this study, we analysed DNA damage in the leukocytes of 20 workers who were long-term exposed (18 ± 10 years) to NP in their working environment. Blood samples were collected in September 2016, before and after a shift, to assess (i) the chronic effects of NP on DNA (pre-shift samples) and (ii) the acute effects of exposure during the shift (the difference between pre- and post-shift samples). The samples from matched controls were taken in parallel with workers before the shift. Leukocytes were isolated from heparinised blood on a Ficoll gradient. The enzyme-modified comet assay (DNA formamido-pyrimidine-glycosylase and endonuclease III) demonstrated a considerable increase of both single- and double-strand breaks in DNA (DNA-SB) and oxidised bases when compared with the controls (2.4× and 2×, respectively). Acute exposure induced a further increase of DNA-SB. The welding and smelting of nanocomposites represented a higher genotoxic risk than milling and grinding of nanocomposite surfaces. Obesity appeared to be a factor contributing to an increased risk of oxidative damage to DNA. The data also indicated a higher susceptibility of males vs. females to NP exposure. The study was repeated in September 2017. The results exhibited similar trend, but the levels of DNA damage in the exposed subjects were lower compared to previous year. This was probably associated with lower exposure to NP in consequence of changes in nanomaterial composition and working operations. The further study involving also monitoring of personal exposures to NP is necessary to identify (i) the main aerosol components responsible for genotoxic effects in workers handling nanocomposites and (ii) the primary cause of gender differences in response to NP action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Novotna
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Lischkova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Klusackova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tana Zavodna
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Komarc
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Dvorackova
- Department of Machining and Assembly, Department of Engineering Technology, Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University in Liberec, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Studentská, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
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Alswady-Hoff M, Erdem JS, Phuyal S, Knittelfelder O, Sharma A, Fonseca DDM, Skare Ø, Slupphaug G, Zienolddiny S. Long-Term Exposure to Nanosized TiO 2 Triggers Stress Responses and Cell Death Pathways in Pulmonary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105349. [PMID: 34069552 PMCID: PMC8161419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is little in vitro data available on long-term effects of TiO2 exposure. Such data are important for improving the understanding of underlying mechanisms of adverse health effects of TiO2. Here, we exposed pulmonary epithelial cells to two doses (0.96 and 1.92 µg/cm2) of TiO2 for 13 weeks and effects on cell cycle and cell death mechanisms, i.e., apoptosis and autophagy were determined after 4, 8 and 13 weeks of exposure. Changes in telomere length, cellular protein levels and lipid classes were also analyzed at 13 weeks of exposure. We observed that the TiO2 exposure increased the fraction of cells in G1-phase and reduced the fraction of cells in G2-phase, which was accompanied by an increase in the fraction of late apoptotic/necrotic cells. This corresponded with an induced expression of key apoptotic proteins i.e., BAD and BAX, and an accumulation of several lipid classes involved in cellular stress and apoptosis. These findings were further supported by quantitative proteome profiling data showing an increase in proteins involved in cell stress and genomic maintenance pathways following TiO2 exposure. Altogether, we suggest that cell stress response and cell death pathways may be important molecular events in long-term health effects of TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayes Alswady-Hoff
- National Institute of Occupational Health, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.-H.); (J.S.E.); (S.P.); (Ø.S.)
| | - Johanna Samulin Erdem
- National Institute of Occupational Health, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.-H.); (J.S.E.); (S.P.); (Ø.S.)
| | - Santosh Phuyal
- National Institute of Occupational Health, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.-H.); (J.S.E.); (S.P.); (Ø.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (A.S.); (D.d.M.F.); (G.S.)
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility (PROMEC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Davi de Miranda Fonseca
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (A.S.); (D.d.M.F.); (G.S.)
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility (PROMEC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øivind Skare
- National Institute of Occupational Health, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.-H.); (J.S.E.); (S.P.); (Ø.S.)
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (A.S.); (D.d.M.F.); (G.S.)
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility (PROMEC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shanbeh Zienolddiny
- National Institute of Occupational Health, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.-H.); (J.S.E.); (S.P.); (Ø.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-23195284
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16
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Chen Z, Han S, Zhang J, Zheng P, Liu X, Zhang Y, Jia G. Metabolomics screening of serum biomarkers for occupational exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:832-849. [PMID: 33961536 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1921872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although nanotoxicology studies have shown that respiratory exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) could induce adverse health effects, limited biomarkers associated with occupational exposure of TiO2 NPs were reported. The purpose of this study is to screen serum biomarkers among workers occupationally exposed to TiO2 NPs using metabolomics. Compared with the control group, a total of 296 serum metabolites were differentially expressed in the TiO2 NPs-exposed group, of which the relative expression of 265 metabolites increased, and the remaining 31 decreased. Three machine learning methods including random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and boruta screened eight potential biomarkers and simultaneously selected a metabolite, Liquoric acid. Through multiple linear regression analysis to adjust the influence of confounding factors such as gender, age, BMI, smoking and drinking, occupational exposure to TiO2 NPs was significantly related to the relative expression of the eight potential biomarkers. Meanwhile, the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) of these potential biomarkers had good sensitivity and specificity. These potential biomarkers were related to lipid peroxidation, and had biological basis for occupational exposure to TiO2 NPs. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the serum metabolites represented by Liquoric acid were good biomarkers of occupational exposure to TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pai Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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17
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Ursini CL, Di Basilio M, Ciervo A, Fresegna AM, Maiello R, Buresti G, Campopiano A, Angelosanto F, Papacchini M, Iavicoli S, Cavallo D. Biomonitoring of workers employed in a titanium dioxide production plant: Use of buccal micronucleus cytome assay as noninvasive biomarker to evaluate genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:242-251. [PMID: 33720463 DOI: 10.1002/em.22431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether TiO2 production process induces genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on the first target organ of inhalable particles by a sensitive and noninvasive biomarker of effect. Final aim was to find a useful and suitable tool to assess and manage the risk of TiO2 occupational exposure. We enrolled 40 workers employed in TiO2 production, 5 office workers, and 18 external controls. Buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt assay) was applied because it allows to evaluate micronucleus (MN), nuclear buds (NB), and broken eggs (BE) indicating the presence of chromosomal instability and gene amplification and binucleated cells (BIN), karyolytic cells (KL), and condensed chromatin (CC) indicating cytokinesis defect or arrest, cell death and apoptosis respectively. We characterized the exposure measuring inhalable and respirable particles by personal monitoring. BMCyt-assay showed in exposed workers compared with external controls a higher value of MN frequency (2.57 vs. 0.05‰, p < .001) and MN positivity, evaluated as percentage of subjects with MN frequency higher than a 1.5‰ cut-off value (52.5 vs. 0%). We also found in exposed workers higher frequency of BE + NB (2.41 vs. 0.22‰, p = .002), BIN (9.45 vs. 8.44‰, p = .047) and CC (1.80 vs. 0.21, p = .001) than in controls. Moreover, we found a relationship between personal monitoring results and presence of MN and other cellular anomalies. This study demonstrates induction of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on buccal cells of workers involved in TiO2 production, suggesting the suitability of BMCyt assay as tool for risk assessment and management of TiO2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lucia Ursini
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Basilio
- Department of Technological Innovation and Safety of Plants, Products and Anthropic Settlements, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Aureliano Ciervo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fresegna
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Maiello
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Buresti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Campopiano
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Angelosanto
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Papacchini
- Department of Technological Innovation and Safety of Plants, Products and Anthropic Settlements, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Cavallo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority - INAIL, Rome, Italy
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18
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Wu WT, Jung WT, Lee HL. Lipid peroxidation metabolites associated with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidation stress in workers handling carbon nanotubes and metal oxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:577-587. [PMID: 33570441 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1879303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of lipid peroxidation with occupational exposure to different types of nanomaterials (NMs). In this cross-sectional study, urine and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples were collected from 80 NM-handling workers [30 workers handling nano-titanium oxide (nano-TiO2), 28 handling nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2), 22 handling carbon nanotubes (CNTs)], and 69 controls (office workers) from 2010 to 2012. Urinary 8-isoPGF2α, 2,3 dinor-8-isoPGF2α, PGF2α, and EBC 8-iso PGF2α were measured as lipid peroxidation biomarkers in 2013. A significant positive correlation was found between 8-isoPGF2α, 2,3 dinor-8-isoPGF2α, PGF2α, and total isoprostane in urine. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were noted between EBC 8-iso PGF2α and urinary 2,3 dinor-8-isoPGF2α (Spearman correlation r = 0.173, p = 0.035). Exposure to nano-TiO2 resulted in significantly higher levels of urinary 8-isoPGF2α, 2,3 dinor-8-isoPGF2α and PGF2α, even after controlling for confounding factors. Moreover, significant associations and exposure intensity-response relationships between EBC 8-iso PGF2α and NMs were observed in workers, whether handling nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2, or CNTs. Among them, the significant trends were identified based on the intensity of risk levels. These results provided evidence that exposure to nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2, and CNTs may lead to lipid peroxidation in EBC. For routine biomonitoring purposes, this finding, which came through noninvasive methods, may be useful for workers exposed to NMs.HighlightsData regarding the effects of nano-titanium oxide (nano-TiO2), nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on lipid peroxidation in workers are limited.8-Iso PGF2α in exhaled breath condensate of workers exposed to nanoparticles was higher than that of office workers.Exposure to titanium oxide (TiO2) and silica (SiO2) may lead to lipid peroxidation, as indicated by 8-isoPGF2α, 2,3 dinor-8-isoPGF2α, and PGF2α.Examination of lipid peroxidation in EBC has seems to be a useful technique for noninvasive monitoring of workers exposed to nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Te Wu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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19
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Ursini CL, Fresegna AM, Ciervo A, Maiello R, Del Frate V, Folesani G, Galetti M, Poli D, Buresti G, Di Cristo L, Sabella S, Iavicoli S, Cavallo D. Occupational exposure to graphene and silica nanoparticles. Part II: pilot study to identify a panel of sensitive biomarkers of genotoxic, oxidative and inflammatory effects on suitable biological matrices. Nanotoxicology 2020; 15:223-237. [PMID: 33373530 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1850903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The available biomonitoring studies on workers producing/handling nanomaterials (NMs) focused on potential effects on respiratory, immune and cardio-vascular system. Aim of this study was to identify a panel of sensitive biomarkers and suitable biological matrices to evaluate particularly genotoxic and oxidative effects induced on workers unintentionally exposed to graphene or silica nanoparticles during the production process. These nanomaterials have been chosen for 'NanoKey' project, integrating the workplace exposure assessment (reported in part I) with the biomonitoring of exposed workers reported in the present work. Simultaneously to workplace exposure characterization, we monitored the workers using: Buccal Micronucleus Cytome (BMCyt) assay, fpg-comet test (lymphocytes), oxidized DNA bases 8-oxoGua, 8-oxoGuo and 8-oxodGuo measurements (urine), analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), FENO measurement and cytokines release detection (serum). Since buccal cells are among the main targets of NM occupational exposure, particular attention was posed to the BMCyt assay that represents a noninvasive assay. This pilot study, performed on 12 workers vs.11 controls, demonstrates that BMCyt and fpg-comet assays are the most sensitive biomarkers of early, still reparable, genotoxic and oxidative effects. The findings suggest that these biomarkers could represent useful tools for the biomonitoring of workers exposed to nanoparticles, but they need to be confirmed on a high number of subjects. However, such biomarkers don't discriminate the effects of NM from those due to other chemicals used in the NM production process. Therefore, they could be suitable for the biomonitoring of workers exposed to complex scenario, including nanoparticles exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lucia Ursini
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fresegna
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Aureliano Ciervo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Maiello
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Del Frate
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Folesani
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Maricla Galetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Poli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Buresti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Luisana Di Cristo
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology -IIT, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Sabella
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology -IIT, Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Cavallo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority-INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone-Rome, Italy
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20
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Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Leso V, Macrini MC, Pelclova D. Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Nanomaterial Exposure in Workplaces. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:7200-7212. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200320154545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The widespread application of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and the
increasing likelihood of general and occupational exposure raised concerns on their possible human
health impact. ENMs, in fact, may induce alterations in different organ systems, and particularly in
the respiratory tract. This makes it important to identify possible biomarkers of early lung effect in
exposed workers. In this regard, the possibility to use the fractional exhaled levels of nitric oxide
(FENO) in biological monitoring has attracted considerable interest.
Objective:
To comprehensively assess the role of FENO as a possible biomarker of lung effect in
ENM exposed workers.
Methods:
A systematic search was performed on Pubmed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge
databases according to the PRISMA guidelines.
Results:
Seven studies investigated FENO in workers exposed to different kinds of metal-(i.e.
silver and gold), metal oxide- (titanium and silica dioxide), and carbon-based ENMs (carbon nanotubes).
In general, no significant alterations were detected between exposed workers and controls.
Conclusions:
Definite conclusion on the function of FENO in occupational biological monitoring
cannot be extrapolated due to the limited number of available studies and the small size of investigated
populations. Additionally, the lack of environmental monitoring data and the fragmented
knowledge on ENM modes of action prevent to establish dose-response relationships. Future research
appears necessary to deeply define the possibility to employ FENO as an early biomarker of
lung effects taking in consideration possible occupational exposure issues, i.e. differently characterized
ENMs and work tasks, as well as individual influencing factors, i.e. smoking and atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Fontana
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Macrini
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Na Bojisti 1, 120,00 Prague, Czech Republic
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21
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Pelclova D, Zdimal V, Komarc M, Schwarz J, Ondracek J, Ondrackova L, Kostejn M, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Dvorackova S, Lischkova L, Klusackova P, Kolesnikova V, Rossnerova A, Navratil T. Three-Year Study of Markers of Oxidative Stress in Exhaled Breath Condensate in Workers Producing Nanocomposites, Extended by Plasma and Urine Analysis in Last Two Years. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122440. [PMID: 33291323 PMCID: PMC7762143 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human data concerning exposure to nanoparticles are very limited, and biomarkers for monitoring exposure are urgently needed. In a follow-up of a 2016 study in a nanocomposites plant, in which only exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was examined, eight markers of oxidative stress were analyzed in three bodily fluids, i.e., EBC, plasma and urine, in both pre-shift and post-shift samples in 2017 and 2018. Aerosol exposures were monitored. Mass concentration in 2017 was 0.351 mg/m3 during machining, and 0.179 and 0.217 mg/m3 during machining and welding, respectively, in 2018. In number concentrations, nanoparticles formed 96%, 90% and 59%, respectively. In both years, pre-shift elevations of 50.0% in EBC, 37.5% in plasma and 6.25% in urine biomarkers were observed. Post-shift elevation reached 62.5% in EBC, 68.8% in plasma and 18.8% in urine samples. The same trend was observed in all biological fluids. Individual factors were responsible for the elevation of control subjects' afternoon vs. morning markers in 2018; all were significantly lower compared to those of workers. Malondialdehyde levels were always acutely shifted, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels best showed chronic exposure effect. EBC and plasma analysis appear to be the ideal fluids for bio-monitoring of oxidative stress arising from engineered nanomaterials. Potential late effects need to be targeted and prevented, as there is a similarity of EBC findings in patients with silicosis and asbestosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.V.); (Z.F.); (L.L.); (P.K.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-224-964-532
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1/135, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.S.); (J.O.); (L.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Komarc
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Salmovska, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; or
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, José Martího 31, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1/135, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.S.); (J.O.); (L.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1/135, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.S.); (J.O.); (L.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Lucie Ondrackova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1/135, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.S.); (J.O.); (L.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Kostejn
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1/135, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.S.); (J.O.); (L.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.V.); (Z.F.); (L.L.); (P.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.V.); (Z.F.); (L.L.); (P.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Stepanka Dvorackova
- Department of Machining and Assembly, Department of Engineering Technology, Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University in Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Lischkova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.V.); (Z.F.); (L.L.); (P.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Pavlina Klusackova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.V.); (Z.F.); (L.L.); (P.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Viktoriia Kolesnikova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (S.V.); (Z.F.); (L.L.); (P.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomas Navratil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry CAS, Dolejškova, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic;
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22
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Ghafari J, Moghadasi N, Shekaftik SO. Oxidative stress induced by occupational exposure to nanomaterials: a systematic review. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2020; 58:492-502. [PMID: 32713896 PMCID: PMC7708742 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2020-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of nanotechnology has increased the occupational exposure to nanomaterials. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence considers exposure to these materials to be hazardous. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the effects of occupational exposure to these materials by different methods. Biological monitoring, especially the investigation of oxidative stress induced by exposure to nanomaterials, can provide useful information for researchers. This study systematically reviews studies that have investigated oxidative stress caused by occupational exposure to nanomaterials. The search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Of the 266 studies we obtained in our initial search, eventually 11 were included in our study. There is currently no specific biomarker for investigating oxidative stress induced by exposure to nanomaterials. Therefore, the reviewed studies have used different biomarkers in different biological fluids for this purpose. Also, the methods of assessing occupational exposure to nanomaterials in the investigated studies were very diverse. Given the approach of the investigated studies to biomarkers and exposure assessment methods, finding a specific biomarker for investigating exposure to nanomaterials seems unattainable. But reaching a group of biomarkers, to assess exposure to nanomaterials seems more applicable and achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Ghafari
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Nargess Moghadasi
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Soqrat Omari Shekaftik
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Cai X, Liu X, Jiang J, Gao M, Wang W, Zheng H, Xu S, Li R. Molecular Mechanisms, Characterization Methods, and Utilities of Nanoparticle Biotransformation in Nanosafety Assessments. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907663. [PMID: 32406193 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is a big challenge to reveal the intrinsic cause of a nanotoxic effect due to diverse branches of signaling pathways induced by engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Biotransformation of toxic ENMs involving biochemical reactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and biological systems has recently attracted substantial attention as it is regarded as the upstream signal in nanotoxicology pathways, the molecular initiating event (MIE). Considering that different exposure routes of ENMs may lead to different interfaces for the arising of biotransformation, this work summarizes the nano-bio interfaces and dose calculation in inhalation, dermal, ingestion, and injection exposures to humans. Then, five types of biotransformation are shown, including aggregation and agglomeration, corona formation, decomposition, recrystallization, and redox reactions. Besides, the characterization methods for investigation of biotransformation as well as the safe design of ENMs to improve the sustainable development of nanotechnology are also discussed. Finally, future perspectives on the implications of biotransformation in clinical translation of nanomedicine and commercialization of nanoproducts are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Cai
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Meng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Weili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Huizhen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Shujuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ruibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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24
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Han B, Pei Z, Shi L, Wang Q, Li C, Zhang B, Su X, Zhang N, Zhou L, Zhao B, Niu Y, Zhang R. TiO 2 Nanoparticles Caused DNA Damage in Lung and Extra-Pulmonary Organs Through ROS-Activated FOXO3a Signaling Pathway After Intratracheal Administration in Rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6279-6294. [PMID: 32904047 PMCID: PMC7449758 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s254969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Because of the increased production and application of manufactured Nano-TiO2 in the past several years, it is important to investigate its potential hazards. TiO2 is classified by IARC as a possible human carcinogen; however, the potential mechanism of carcinogenesis has not been studied clearly. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of DNA damage in rat lung and extra-pulmonary organs caused by TiO2nanoparticles. Methods In the present study, SD rats were exposed to Nano-TiO2 by intratracheal injection at a dose of 0, 0.2, or 1 g/kg body weight. The titanium levels in tissues were detected by ICP-MS. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels. The DNA damage and oxidative stress were detected by comet assay and ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px levels, respectively. Results The titanium levels of the 1 g/kg group on day-3 and day-7 were significantly increased in liver and kidney as well as significantly decreased in lung compared to day-1. ROS and MDA levels were statistically increased, whereas SOD and GSH-Px levels were statistically decreased in tissues of rats in dose-dependent manners after Nano-TiO2 treatment. PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a in lung, liver, and kidney activated in dose-dependent manners. The levels of DNA damage in liver, kidney, and lung in each Nano-TiO2 treatment group were significantly increased and could not recover within 7 days. GADD45α, ChK2, and XRCC1 in liver, kidney, and lung of rats exposed to Nano-TiO2 statistically increased, which triggered DNA repair. Conclusion This work demonstrated that Ti could deposit in lung and enter extra-pulmonary organs of rats and cause oxidative stress, then trigger DNA damage through activating the PI3K-AKT-FOXO3a pathway and then promoting GADD45α, ChK2, and XRCC1 to process the DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Pei
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, China Three Gorge University, Yichang 443002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Experimental Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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25
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Reference Ranges of 8-Isoprostane Concentrations in Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113822. [PMID: 32481492 PMCID: PMC7311981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprostanes are physiopathologic mediators of oxidative stress, resulting in lipid peroxidation. 8-isoprostane seems particularly useful for measuring oxidative stress damage. However, no reference range values are available for 8-isoprosante in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of healthy adults, enabling its meaningful interpretation as a biomarker. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis according to the protocol following PROSPERO (CRD42020146623). After searching and analyzing the literature, we included 86 studies. After their qualitative synthesis and risk of bias assessment, 52 studies were included in meta-analysis. The latter focused on studies using immunological analytical methods and investigated how the concentrations of 8-isoprostane differ based on gender. We found that gender had no significant effect in 8-isoprostane concentration. Among other studied factors, such as individual characteristics and factors related to EBC collection, only the device used for EBC collection significantly affected measured 8-isoprostane concentrations. However, adjustment for the factors related to EBC collection, yielded uncertainty whether this effect is due to the device itself or to the other factors. Given this uncertainty, we estimated the reference range values of 8-isoprostane stratified by gender and EBC collection device. A better standardization of EBC collection seems necessary; as well more studies using chemical analytical methods to extend this investigation.
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26
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Braakhuis HM, Gosens I, Heringa MB, Oomen AG, Vandebriel RJ, Groenewold M, Cassee FR. Mechanism of Action of TiO 2: Recommendations to Reduce Uncertainties Related to Carcinogenic Potential. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:203-223. [PMID: 32284010 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-101419-100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Risk Assessment Committee of the European Chemicals Agency issued an opinion on classifying titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a suspected human carcinogen upon inhalation. Recent animal studies indicate that TiO2 may be carcinogenic through the oral route. There is considerable uncertainty on the carcinogenicity of TiO2, which may be decreased if its mechanism of action becomes clearer. Here we consider adverse outcome pathways and present the available information on each of the key events (KEs). Inhalation exposure to TiO2 can induce lung tumors in rats via a mechanism that is also applicable to other poorly soluble, low-toxicity particles. To reduce uncertainties regarding human relevance, we recommend gathering information on earlier KEs such as oxidative stress in humans. For oral exposure, insufficient information is available to conclude whether TiO2 can induce intestinal tumors. An oral carcinogenicity study with well-characterized (food-grade) TiO2 is needed, including an assessment of toxicokinetics and early KEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig M Braakhuis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Ilse Gosens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Minne B Heringa
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; .,Current affiliation: Reckitt Benckiser, 1118 BH Schiphol, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes G Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Rob J Vandebriel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Monique Groenewold
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; .,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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27
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Hemmendinger M, Wild P, Shoman Y, Graille M, Bergamaschi E, Hopf N, Guseva Canu I. Reference ranges of oxidative stress biomarkers selected for non-invasive biological surveillance of nanotechnology workers: Study protocol and meta-analysis results for 8-OHdG in exhaled breath condensate. Toxicol Lett 2020; 327:41-47. [PMID: 32234358 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the field of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and other airborne particulate exposure biomonitoring, circulating oxidative stress biomarkers appear promising. These biomarkers could be monitored in different biological matrices. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) enables their measurements in the respiratory tract, without affecting airway function or creating inflammation. The 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was found increased in the EBC of ENM-exposed workers. Our objectives were to assess the reference range of 8-OHdG in the EBC and to identify determinants of its inter- and intra-individual variability. The meta-analysis was stratified by analytical method (chemical versus immunochemical analysis) and resulted in a between-study variability over 99 % of the total variability. The between-study variability completely dominated the within-studies variability. By using a mixed model with study ID as a random effect rather than a meta-regression, only smoking was evidenced as a potential determinant of 8-OHdG inter-individual variability, and only when immunochemical analysis was used. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis aimed at estimating reference values for 8-OHdG in the EBC. The estimated values should be considered preliminary, as they are based on a limited number of studies, mostly of moderate to low quality of evidence. Further research is necessary to standardize EBC sampling, storage and analytical methods. Such a standardization would enable a more accurate estimation of the reference ranges of the 8-OHdG and potentially other biomarkers measurable in the EBC, which are essential for a meaningful interpretation of the biomonitoring results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hemmendinger
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - P Wild
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Y Shoman
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Graille
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Bergamaschi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Industrial Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
| | - N Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Guseva Canu
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Pérez-Arizti JA, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Galván Juárez RE, Ramos-Godinez MDP, Colín-Val Z, López-Marure R. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles promote oxidative stress, autophagy and reduce NLRP3 in primary rat astrocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108966. [PMID: 32004531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely used in the food industry, cosmetics, personal care and paints among others. Through occupational exposure and daily consumption, and because of their small size, TiO2-NPs can enter the body through different routes such as oral, dermal and inhalation, and accumulate in multiple organs including the brain. TiO2-NPs cause severe damage to many cell types, however their effects in the central nervous system remain largely unexplored. Therefore, in the present study we determined the cytotoxic effect of TiO2-NPs on rat astrocytes. We tested the oxidant properties of TiO2-NPs through DTT depletion, and measured oxidative stress-induced damage in mitochondria, through oxidation of 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) with Mitotracker Green FM. We further examined oxidative stress-derived responses such as IκB-α degradation by Western Blot, NF-κB translocation by EMSA, autophagy induction by LC3-II levels, and expression of the inflammasome protein NLRP3. TiO2-NPs showed high oxidant properties and induced strong oxidative stress in astrocytes following their internalization, causing mitochondrial damage detected by ΔΨm loss. Responses against oxidative damage such as NF-κB translocation and autophagy were induced and NLRP3 protein expression was downregulated, indicating lower inflammasome-mediated responses in astrocytes. These results support TiO2-NPs cytotoxicity in astrocytes, cells that play key roles in neuronal homeostasis and their dysfunction can lead to neurological disorders including cognitive impairment and memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Pérez-Arizti
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - José Luis Ventura-Gallegos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico; Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental IIB, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | | | | | - Zaira Colín-Val
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico.
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Hubacek JA, Pelclova D, Dlouha D, Mikuska P, Dvorackova S, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Ondracek J, Kostejn M, Schwarz J, Popov A, Krumal K, Lanska V, Coufalik P, Zakharov S, Zdimal V. Leukocyte telomere length is not affected by long-term occupational exposure to nano metal oxides. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2019; 57:741-744. [PMID: 30918138 PMCID: PMC6885603 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to ascertain whether long-term occupational exposure to nanoparticles would affect relative leukocyte telomere length (LrTL). We analysed occupational exposure to size-resolved aerosol particles, with special emphasis on nanoparticles at two workshops: i/ the production of nanocomposites containing metal oxides; ii/ laboratory to test experimental exposure of nano-CuO to rodents. Thirty five exposed researchers (age 39.5 ± 12.6 yr; exposure duration 6.0 ± 3.7 yr) and 43 controls (40.4 ± 10.5 yr) were examined. LrTL did not significantly (p=0.14) differ between the exposed researchers (0.92 ± 0.13) and controls (0.86 ± 0.15). In addition, no significant correlation (r=-0.22, p=0.22) was detected between the duration of occupational exposure and LrTL. The results remained non-significant after multiple adjustments for age, sex and smoking status. Our pilot results suggest that relative leukocyte telomere length is not affected by occupational exposure to nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Dlouha
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mikuska
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Dvorackova
- Department of Machining and Assembly, Department of Engineering Technology, Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University in Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kostejn
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alex Popov
- Department of Machining and Assembly, Department of Engineering Technology, Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University in Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Krumal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Lanska
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Coufalik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, Czech Republic
| | - Sergej Zakharov
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Czech Republic
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Dréno B, Alexis A, Chuberre B, Marinovich M. Safety of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cosmetics. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33 Suppl 7:34-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Dréno
- Onco‐Dermatology Department CHU Nantes CRCINA University Nantes Nantes France
| | - A. Alexis
- Department of Dermatology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - B. Chuberre
- L'Oréal Cosmetique Active International Levallois‐Perret France
| | - M. Marinovich
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy
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Sun J, Zhou Q, Hu X. Integrating multi-omics and regular analyses identifies the molecular responses of zebrafish brains to graphene oxide: Perspectives in environmental criteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:269-279. [PMID: 31100591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the broad application of nanoparticles, nanotoxicology has attracted substantial attention in environmental science. However, the methods for detecting few and targeted genes or proteins, even single omics approaches, may miss other responses, including the major responses induced by nanoparticles. To determine the actual toxicological mechanisms of zebrafish brains induced by graphene oxide (GO, a popular carbon-based nanomaterial applied in various fields) at nonlethal concentrations, multi-omics and regular analyses were combined. The biomolecule responses were remarkable, although GO was not obviously observed in brain tissues. The trends for gene and protein changes were the same and accounted for 3.53% and 5.36% of all changes in the genome and proteome, respectively, suggesting a limitation of single omics analysis. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses indicated that GO affected the functions or pathways of the troponin complex, actin cytoskeleton, monosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity, oxidoreductase activity and focal adhesion. Both metabolomics and proteomics revealed mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of the citric acid cycle. The integrated analysis of omics, transmission electron microscopy and immunostaining confirmed that GO induced energy disruptions and mitochondrial damage by downregulating tubulin. The combination of multi-omics and regular analyses provides insights into the actual and highly influential mechanisms underlying nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Pelclova D, Talacko P, Navratil T, Zamostna B, Fenclova Z, Vlckova S, Zakharov S. Can proteomics predict the prognosis in chronic dioxin intoxication? MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Rossnerova A, Pelclova D, Zdimal V, Rossner P, Elzeinova F, Vrbova K, Topinka J, Schwarz J, Ondracek J, Kostejn M, Komarc M, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Dvorackova S. The repeated cytogenetic analysis of subjects occupationally exposed to nanoparticles: a pilot study. Mutagenesis 2019; 34:253-263. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials has been rapidly increasing during recent years. Inhalation exposure to nanoparticles (NP) may result in negative toxic effects but there is a critical lack of human studies, especially those related to possible DNA alterations. We analyzed pre-shift and post-shift a group of nanocomposite researchers with a long-term working background (17.8 ± 10.0 years) and matched controls. The study group consisted of 73.2% males and 26.8% females. Aerosol exposure monitoring during a working shift (involving welding, smelting, machining) to assess the differences in exposure to particulate matter (PM) including nanosized fractions <25–100 nm, and their chemical analysis, was carried out. A micronucleus assay using Human Pan Centromeric probes, was applied to distinguish between the frequency of centromere positive (CEN+) and centromere negative (CEN−) micronuclei (MN) in the binucleated cells. This approach allowed recognition of the types of chromosomal damage: losses and breaks. The monitoring data revealed differences in the exposure to NP related to individual working processes, and in the chemical composition of nanofraction. The cytogenetic results of this pilot study demonstrated a lack of effect of long-term (years) exposure to NP (total frequency of MN, P = 0.743), although this exposure may be responsible for DNA damage pattern changes (12% increase of chromosomal breaks—clastogenic effect). Moreover, short-term (daily shift) exposure could be a reason for the increase of chromosomal breaks in a subgroup of researchers involved in welding and smelting processes (clastogenic effect, P = 0.037). The gender and/or gender ratio of the study participants was also an important factor for the interpretation of the results. As this type of human study is unique, further research is needed to understand the effects of long-term and short-term exposure to NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fatima Elzeinova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kostejn
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Komarc
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Dvorackova
- Department of Machining and Assembly, Technical University in Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
- Department of Engineering Technology, Technical University in Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
- Department of Material Science, Technical University in Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
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Pelclova D, Navratil T, Kacerova T, Zamostna B, Fenclova Z, Vlckova S, Kacer P. NanoTiO 2 Sunscreen Does Not Prevent Systemic Oxidative Stress Caused by UV Radiation and a Minor Amount of NanoTiO 2 is Absorbed in Humans. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9060888. [PMID: 31212919 PMCID: PMC6631994 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present pilot study tested the efficiency of nanoTiO2 sunscreen to prevent the oxidative stress/inflammation caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation using biomarkers in subjects’ blood, urine, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC). In addition, the skin absorption of nanoTiO2 was studied. Six identical subjects participated in three tests: (A) nanoTiO2 sunscreen, (B) UV radiation, and (C) sunscreen + UV. The first samples were collected before the test and the second after sunscreen application and/or UV exposure. On day 4, the third samples were collected, and the sunscreen was washed off, and the fourth samples were collected on day 11. The following biomarkers were measured: malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-trans-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-trans-nonenal, aldehydes C6-C12, 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α, o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, 3-nitrotyrosine, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, 5-hydroxymethyl uracil, and leukotrienes, using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry. Titania was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and TiO2 nanoparticles by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Sunscreen alone did not elevate the markers, but UV increased the biomarkers in the plasma, urine, and EBC. The sunscreen prevented skin redness, however it did not inhibit the elevation of oxidative stress/inflammatory markers. Titania and nanoTiO2 particles were found in the plasma and urine (but not in the EBC) in all sunscreen users, suggesting their skin absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojišti 1, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Navratil
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Kacerova
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Blanka Zamostna
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojišti 1, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojišti 1, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kacer
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Schulte PA, Leso V, Niang M, Iavicoli I. Current state of knowledge on the health effects of engineered nanomaterials in workers: a systematic review of human studies and epidemiological investigations. Scand J Work Environ Health 2019; 45:217-238. [PMID: 30653633 PMCID: PMC6494687 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The widespread application of nano-enabled products and the increasing likelihood for workplace exposures make understanding engineered nanomaterial (ENM) effects in exposed workers a public and occupational health priority. The aim of this study was to report on the current state of knowledge on possible adverse effects induced by ENM in humans to determine the toxicological profile of each type of ENM and potential biomarkers for early detection of such effects in workers. Methods A systematic review of human studies and epidemiological investigations of exposed workers relative to the possible adverse effects for the most widely used ENM was performed through searches of major scientific databases including Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Results Twenty-seven studies were identified. Most of the epidemiological investigations were cross-sectional. The review found limited evidence of adverse effects in workers exposed to the most commonly used ENM. However, some biological alterations are suggestive for possible adverse impacts. The primary targets of some ENM exposures were the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Changes in biomarker levels compared with controls were also observed; however, limited exposure data and the relatively short period since the first exposure may have influenced the incidence of adverse effects found in epidemiological studies. Conclusions There is a need for longitudinal epidemiologic investigations with clear exposure characterizations for various ENM to discover potential adverse health effects and identify possible indicators of early biological alterations. In this state of uncertainty, precautionary controls for each ENM are warranted while further study of potential health effects continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1150 Tusculum Avenue, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
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36
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Detection and identification of engineered nanoparticles in exhaled breath condensate, blood serum, and urine of occupationally exposed subjects. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-2379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Louro H, Saruga A, Santos J, Pinhão M, Silva MJ. Biological impact of metal nanomaterials in relation to their physicochemical characteristics. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 56:172-183. [PMID: 30707927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henriqueta Louro
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; PToNANO, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Saruga
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Pinhão
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; PToNANO, Lisbon, Portugal
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38
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Kartavenka K, Panuwet P, Greenwald R, Ehret KM, D'Souza PE, Barr DB, Ryan PB. Quantification of malondialdehyde in exhaled breath condensate using pseudo two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1105:210-216. [PMID: 30611078 PMCID: PMC6358417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a robust analytical method for quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) via derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The target MDA-DNPH hydrazone was separated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography using two reversed-phase analytical columns (C18 and phenyl-hexyl) inter-connected via a two-position, six-port switching valve to a single-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The target derivative was analyzed under positive electrospray ionization using single ion monitoring mode (m/z = 235 for the target derivative, and m/z = 237 for its labeled isotopic analog). This pseudo two-dimensional chromatographic separation provided optimum separation conditions for the target derivative resulting in the limit of detection of 0.58 nM in EBC sample (or 36.2 pmol on-column amount), which is comparable to those reported previously using different techniques, including tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the calibration solutions, the method had a linear quantification range of 1.0-200 nM (r2 = 0.998). The method showed good relative recoveries (92.2-102.0%) and acceptable precisions (3.6-12.2% for inter-day precision, and 4.3-12.4% for intra-day precision for two quality control levels, prepared from 5 nM and 25 nM solutions). The derivative was found to be stable at room temperature for 48 h or during analysis. The method was used to analyze 205 exhaled breath condensate samples collected from individuals from a healthy population of student athletes. MDA was detected in approximately 95% of these samples, with concentrations ranging from 1.16 to 149.63 nM. The median concentration was 6.82 nM, (IQR 4.08-9.88). These data demonstrate that our method can be successfully used to measure MDA in population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostya Kartavenka
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research (LEADER), Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America.
| | - Roby Greenwald
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, United States of America
| | - Karen M Ehret
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America
| | - Priya Esilda D'Souza
- Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research (LEADER), Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America; Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research (LEADER), Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America; Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research (LEADER), Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States of America
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Schulte P, Leso V, Niang M, Iavicoli I. Biological monitoring of workers exposed to engineered nanomaterials. Toxicol Lett 2018; 298:112-124. [PMID: 29920308 PMCID: PMC6239923 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As the number of nanomaterial workers increase there is need to consider whether biomonitoring of exposure should be used as a routine risk management tool. Currently, no biomonitoring of nanomaterials is mandated by authoritative or regulatory agencies. However, there is a growing knowledge base to support such biomonitoring, but further research is needed as are investigations of priorities for biomonitoring. That research should be focused on validation of biomarkers of exposure and effect. Some biomarkers of effect are generally nonspecific. These biomarkers need further interpretation before they should be used. Overall biomonitoring of nanomaterial workers may be important to supplement risk assessment and risk management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
| | - V Leso
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - M Niang
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - I Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Deep Airway Inflammation and Respiratory Disorders in Nanocomposite Workers. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8090731. [PMID: 30223600 PMCID: PMC6164906 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of researchers and workers worldwide are employed in nanocomposites manufacturing, yet little is known about their respiratory health. Aerosol exposures were characterized using real time and integrated instruments. Aerosol mass concentration ranged from 0.120 mg/m3 to 1.840 mg/m3 during nanocomposite machining processes; median particle number concentration ranged from 4.8 × 104 to 5.4 × 105 particles/cm3. The proportion of nanoparticles varied by process from 40 to 95%. Twenty employees, working in nanocomposite materials research were examined pre-shift and post-shift using spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in parallel with 21 controls. Pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LT) type B4, C4, D4, and E4; tumor necrosis factor (TNF); interleukins; and anti-inflammatory lipoxins (LXA4 and LXB4) were analyzed in their exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Chronic bronchitis was present in 20% of researchers, but not in controls. A significant decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) was found in researchers post-shift (p ˂ 0.05). Post-shift EBC samples were higher for TNF (p ˂ 0.001), LTB4 (p ˂ 0.001), and LTE4 (p ˂ 0.01) compared with controls. Nanocomposites production was associated with LTB4 (p ˂ 0.001), LTE4 (p ˂ 0.05), and TNF (p ˂ 0.001), in addition to pre-shift LTD4 and LXB4 (both p ˂ 0.05). Spirometry documented minor, but significant, post-shift lung impairment. TNF and LTB4 were the most robust markers of biological effects. Proper ventilation and respiratory protection are required during nanocomposites processing.
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Pelclova D, Zdimal V, Schwarz J, Dvorackova S, Komarc M, Ondracek J, Kostejn M, Kacer P, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Popov A, Lischkova L, Zakharov S, Bello D. Markers of Oxidative Stress in the Exhaled Breath Condensate of Workers Handling Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E611. [PMID: 30103442 PMCID: PMC6116291 DOI: 10.3390/nano8080611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Researchers in nanocomposite processing may inhale a variety of chemical agents, including nanoparticles. This study investigated airway oxidative stress status in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Nineteen employees (42.4 ± 11.4 y/o), working in nanocomposites research for 18.0 ± 10.3 years were examined pre-shift and post-shift on a random workday, together with nineteen controls (45.5 ± 11.7 y/o). Panels of oxidative stress biomarkers derived from lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins were analyzed in the EBC. Aerosol exposures were monitored during three major nanoparticle generation operations: smelting and welding (workshop 1) and nanocomposite machining (workshop 2) using a suite of real-time and integrated instruments. Mass concentrations during these operations were 0.120, 1.840, and 0.804 mg/m³, respectively. Median particle number concentrations were 4.8 × 10⁴, 1.3 × 10⁵, and 5.4 × 10⁵ particles/cm³, respectively. Nanoparticles accounted for 95, 40, and 61%, respectively, with prevailing Fe and Mn. All markers of nucleic acid and protein oxidation, malondialdehyde, and aldehydes C₆⁻C13 were elevated, already in the pre-shift samples relative to controls in both workshops. Significant post-shift elevations were documented in lipid oxidation markers. Significant associations were found between working in nanocomposite synthesis and EBC biomarkers. More research is needed to understand the contribution of nanoparticles from nanocomposite processing in inducing oxidative stress, relative to other co-exposures generated during welding, smelting, and secondary oxidation processes, in these workshops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Stepanka Dvorackova
- Department of Machining and Assembly, Department of Engineering Technology, Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University in Liberec, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Komarc
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, José Martího 31, 162 52 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Kostejn
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kacer
- Biocev, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexey Popov
- Department of Machining and Assembly, Department of Engineering Technology, Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University in Liberec, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Lischkova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Sergey Zakharov
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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Short- and long-term gene expression profiles induced by inhaled TiO 2 nanostructured aerosol in rat lung. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 356:54-64. [PMID: 30012374 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The number of workers potentially exposed to nanoparticles (NPs) during industrial processes is increasing, although the toxicological properties of these compounds still need to be fully characterized. As NPs may be aerosolized during industrial processes, inhalation represents their main route of occupational exposure. Here, the short- and long-term pulmonary toxicological properties of titanium dioxide were studied, using conventional and molecular toxicological approaches. Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 10 mg/m3 of a TiO2 nanostructured aerosol (NSA) by nose-only inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Lung samples were collected up to 180 post-exposure days. Biochemical and cytological analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showed a strong inflammatory response up to 3 post-exposure days, which decreased overtime. In addition, gene expression profiling revealed overexpression of genes involved in inflammation that was maintained 6 months after the end of exposure (long-term response). Genes involved in oxidative stress and vascular changes were also up-regulated. Long-term response was characterized by persistent altered expression of a number of genes up to 180 post-exposure days, despite the absence of significant histopathological changes. The physiopathological consequences of these changes are not fully understood, but they should raise concerns about the long-term pulmonary effects of inhaled biopersistent NPs such as TiO2.
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Increased Level of α2,6-Sialylated Glycans on HaCaT Cells Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles under UV Radiation. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8040253. [PMID: 29671762 PMCID: PMC5923583 DOI: 10.3390/nano8040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most widely used nanomaterials, the safety of nano-TiO2 for human beings has raised concern in recent years. Sialylation is an important glycosylation modification that plays a critical role in signal transduction, apoptosis, and tumor metastasis. The aim of this work was to investigate the cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of nano-TiO2 with different crystalline phases for human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and detect sialic acid alterations. The results showed that the mixture of crystalline P25 had the highest cytotoxicity and phototoxicity, followed by pure anatase A25, whereas pure rutile R25 had the lowest cytotoxicity and phototoxicity. A25 and R25 had no effects on the expression of sialic acids on HaCaT cells. However, HaCaT cells treated with P25 and UV showed an increased level of alterations in α2,6-linked sialic acids, which was related to the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by nano-TiO2 and UV. The abundance of α2,6-linked sialic acids increased as ROS production increased, and vice versa. Antioxidant vitamin C (VC) reversed the abnormal expression of α2,6-linked sialic acids caused by nano-TiO2 and protected cells by eliminating ROS. These findings indicate that nano-TiO2 can alter the sialylation status of HaCaT cells under UV irradiation in a process mediated by ROS.
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The Secretory Response of Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells on Exposure to Mineral Fibers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15010104. [PMID: 29320402 PMCID: PMC5800203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to mineral fibers is of substantial relevance to human health. A key event in exposure is the interaction with inflammatory cells and the subsequent generation of pro-inflammatory factors. Mast cells (MCs) have been shown to interact with titanium oxide (TiO₂) and asbestos fibers. In this study, we compared the response of rat peritoneal MCs challenged with the asbestos crocidolite and nanowires of TiO₂ to that induced by wollastonite employed as a control fiber. METHODS Rat peritoneal MCs (RPMCs), isolated from peritoneal lavage, were incubated in the presence of mineral fibers. The quantities of secreted enzymes were evaluated together with the activity of fiber-associated enzymes. The ultrastructural morphology of fiber-interacting RPMCs was analyzed with electron microscopy. RESULTS Asbestos and TiO₂ stimulate MC secretion. Secreted enzymes bind to fibers and exhibit higher activity. TiO₂ and wollastonite bind and improve enzyme activity, but to a lesser degree than crocidolite. CONCLUSIONS (1) Mineral fibers are able to stimulate the mast cell secretory process by both active (during membrane interaction) and/or passive (during membrane penetration) interaction; (2) fibers can be found to be associated with secreted enzymes-this process appears to create long-lasting pro-inflammatory environments and may represent the active contribution of MCs in maintaining the inflammatory process; (3) MCs and their enzymes should be considered as a therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of asbestos-induced lung inflammation; and (4) MCs can contribute to the inflammatory effect associated with selected engineered nanomaterials, such as TiO₂ nanoparticles.
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Guseva Canu I, Schulte PA, Riediker M, Fatkhutdinova L, Bergamaschi E. Methodological, political and legal issues in the assessment of the effects of nanotechnology on human health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 72:148-153. [PMID: 29203525 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) raise questions among the scientific community and public health authorities about their potential risks to human health. Studying a prospective cohort of workers exposed to ENMs would be considered the gold standard for identifying potential health effects of nanotechnology and confirming the 'no effect' levels derived from cellular and animal models. However, because only small, cross-sectional studies have been conducted in the past 5 years, questions remain about the health risks of ENMs. This essay addresses the scientific, methodological, political and regulatory issues that make epidemiological research in nanotechnology-exposed communities particularly complex. Scientific challenges include the array of physicochemical parameters and ENM production conditions, the lack of universally accepted definitions of ENMs and nanotechnology workers, and the lack of information about modes of action, target organs and likely dose-response functions of ENMs. Standardisation of data collection and harmonisation of research protocols are needed to eliminate misclassification of exposures and health effects. Forming ENM worker cohorts from a combination of smaller cohorts and overcoming selection bias are also challenges. National or international registries for monitoring the exposures and health of ENM workers would be helpful for epidemiological studies, but the creation of such a registry and ENM worker cohorts will require political support and dedicated funding at the national and international levels. Public authorities and health agencies should consider carrying out an ENM awareness campaign to educate and engage all stakeholders and concerned communities in discussion of such a project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Guseva Canu
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, Suisse, Switzerland
| | - Paul A Schulte
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Riediker
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, Suisse, Switzerland.,IOM (Institute of Occupational Medicine) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Aligning nanotoxicology with the 3Rs: What is needed to realise the short, medium and long-term opportunities? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 91:257-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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