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Gil-Almagro F, García-Hedrera FJ, Carmona-Monge FJ, Peñacoba-Puente C. A study on optimism as a psychological strength in nurses through a prospective study from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic to two years later. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100782. [PMID: 38706572 PMCID: PMC11070230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims and objectives This study analyzes, in nurses, the influence of openness to experience and hardiness (assessed at baseline and one year after the COVID-19 pandemic respectively) on the development of optimism (assessed two years after the COVID-19 pandemic). Concerns about self-contagion were included as a moderating variable, given their relevance as a risk factor. Background Nurses have been among the healthcare professionals most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Most previous studies have focused on the variables contributing to psychological symptoms, whilst the attention given to the variables adding to the well-being of these professionals has been much scarcer. Design A prospective study was carried out. Methods This study was carried out using three data collection periods: Period 1 (From May to June 2020), Period 2 (From January 2021 to April 2021), and Period 3 (From April 2022 to July 2022), with the participation of 151 Spanish nurses, using online self-reporting questionnaires. The study followed the STROBE statement. Results The results showed that the proposed model was statistically significant. There was a positive effect of openness to experience (year 2020) on hardiness assessed one year later (year 2021). Similarly, hardiness had a positive effect on optimism assessed another year on (year 2022). Conclusions Concerns about self-contagion behaved as a moderator in the relationship between openness to experience and hardiness (the relationship between openness and hardiness was statistically significant when contagion concern was higher). Relevance to clinical practice: In-depth understanding of the psychological processes that trigger psychological strengths (i.e. optimism) as a result of adverse situations (i.e. COVID-19 pandemic) is essential in promoting the mental health of healthcare professionals. Interventions targeting resilient personality traits and cognitive flexibility are key to this goal. No Patient or Public Contribution: The participants contributed exclusively to the collection of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gil-Almagro
- Unidad de Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, C. Budapest, 1, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando J. García-Hedrera
- Unidad de Cuidados Críticos, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, C. Budapest, 1, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Javier Carmona-Monge
- Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Rúa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cecilia Peñacoba-Puente
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Av. de Atenas, s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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Patwary MM, Bardhan M, Disha AS, Dzhambov AM, Parkinson C, Browning MHEM, Labib SM, Larson LR, Haque MZ, Rahman MA, Alam MA, Tareq MF, Shuvo FK. Nature exposure and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Navigation Guide systematic review with meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124284. [PMID: 38821342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Prior reviews have highlighted that nature exposure was a valuable coping strategy enhancing mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, no existing reviews have determined the quality of evidence and risk of bias of the empirical studies supporting this claim. To address this gap, we employed a Navigation Guide systematic review and meta-analysis approach to investigate associations between nature exposure and mental health during the pandemic. Searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycInfo retrieved relevant articles published between January 1, 2020, and March 4, 2024. We used the Navigation Guide methodology to assess the risk of bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) assessments to evaluate the overall quality of evidence. Our search retrieved 113 studies that met the inclusion criteria and reported diverse types of exposure, including nature availability, nature visit frequency, green space accessibility, and green space type, alongside associations with 12 mental health outcomes. Meta-analyses found access to gardens was associated with lower odds of depression [(Pooled odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95%CI = 0.61, 0.82), I2 = 0%, n = 3] and anxiety [(Pooled OR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.63, 0.84), I2 = 0%, n = 3]. Increased time in green spaces was associated with lower level of stress [(Pooled Corr = -0.11, 95%CI = -0.17, -0.05), I2 = 0%, n = 2]. Higher frequency of visits to nature was associated with improved mental well-being [(Pooled standardized beta = 0.10, 95%CI = 0.07, 0.14), I2 = 0%, n = 2] and general mental health [(Pooled standardized beta = 0.11, 95%CI = 0.03-0.38), I2 = 82%, n = 2]. However, the number of pooled studies was small and the overall quality of evidence was "very low" for all outcomes, and high levels of bias were observed (26% of studies had high, 71% probably high). Nonetheless, given the trends in the results, nature-based solutions emphasizing exposure to gardens and green spaces near the home may have promoted psychological resilience during this public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh; Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Mondira Bardhan
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh; Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Asma Safia Disha
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh; Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Angel M Dzhambov
- Research Group "Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment", Strategic Research and Innovation Program for the Development of MU - Plovdiv, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Environmental Health Division, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Institute of Highway Engineering and Transport Planning, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Colby Parkinson
- Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Matthew H E M Browning
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - S M Labib
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Vening Meineszgebouw A, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lincoln R Larson
- Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Md Zahidul Haque
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh; Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atiqur Rahman
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh; Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Faysal Tareq
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna, Bangladesh; Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Netherlands
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Qiu H, Lu H, Wang X, Guo Z, Xing C, Zhang Y. A moderated chain mediation model examining the relation between smartphone addiction and intolerance of uncertainty among master's and PhD students. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30994. [PMID: 38770334 PMCID: PMC11103524 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The theories of relational regulation and compensatory Internet use suggest that intolerance of uncertainty influences smartphone addiction (SPA), which in turn is influenced by other aspects. This study used previous results to examine how intolerance of uncertainty affects SPA in PhD and master's degree programs. A convenience sample comprising 1727 master's and PhD students (99.9 %; 50.7 % female; Mage = 27.71; SD = 3.80; range = 21-43) was recruited. Using established questionnaires, we measured SPA, anxiety, positive coping style, perceived social support, and intolerance of uncertainty. The results demonstrated that intolerance of uncertainty positively affects SPA in terms of predictive power. Furthermore, anxiety and positive coping style mediate that link in a cascade fashion. A greater SPA indicates that the individual is less likely to use a positive coping style, has a higher anxiety level, and has a lower tolerance for uncertainty. While thinking about how intolerance of uncertainty affects anxiety and positive coping style, perceived social support mediates the relationship. Intolerance of uncertainty has less impact on anxiety and positive coping style when perceived social support is high. These results indicate the possibility of examining SPA prevention and intervention from several angles. Therefore, emotional regulation, which modifies anxiety and the tendency to use a positive coping style, may reduce the impact of intolerance of uncertainty on SPA. Another successful strategy for reducing smartphone addiction is to provide social support from loved ones and the community at large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhihua Guo
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
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Bafrani MA, Nourizadeh R, Hakimi S, Mortazavi SA, Mehrabi E. The impact of positive psychology counseling on sexual and marital satisfaction and anxiety among reproductive-aged women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:313. [PMID: 38811983 PMCID: PMC11137991 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual and marital satisfaction is considered one of the important factors in happiness and life satisfaction of couples. COVID-19 pandemic results in psychological effects, such as increased anxiety levels which can affect sexual and marital satisfaction. This study aimed to investigate the impact of positive psychology on women's sexual and marital satisfaction. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 72 married women of reproductive age in Tabriz, Iran between February 2021 and May 2022. The participants were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. There was no significant difference between the control and intervention groups in terms of the socio-demographic characteristics (p < 0.05). The mean age of the participants in the intervention and control groups was 31.8 ± 6.92 and 30.97 ± 5.09 years, respectively. The intervention group attended seven 60-90 min counseling sessions at weekly intervals. The Spielberger anxiety, sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction questionnaires were completed before and four weeks after the intervention. RESULTS The results of this study indicated that after counseling, the average overall score of marital satisfaction [MD: 15.46, 95% CI: 7.47 to 23.41, p = 0.034] and sexual satisfaction [MD: 7.83, 95% CI: 6.25 to 9.41, p = 0.001] significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group. Also, the mean score of state anxiety [MD: -2.50, 95% CI: -4.19 to -0.80, p = 0.001] and trait anxiety [MD: -1.03, 95% CI: -2.46 to -0.09, p = 0.032] significantly decreased after counseling in the intervention group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Using counseling based on a positive psychology approach can improve anxiety, sexual and marital satisfaction, and anxiety of women of reproductive age during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, further randomized clinical trials are needed before making a definitive conclusion. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20171007036615N8. Date of registration: 11/28/21. Date of first registration: 11/28/21. URL: https://www.irct.ir/user/trial/58680/view ; Date of recruitment start date: 12/01/21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdie Arab Bafrani
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghaiyeh Nourizadeh
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevil Hakimi
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, EGE university, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Esmat Mehrabi
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Akca SO, Turan AP, Songut S. The relationship between depression, stress and anxiety levels of mothers with preschool children and their stress-coping styles during the pandemic: A descriptive study in Turkey. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 76:76-82. [PMID: 38364592 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to determine the depression, stress and anxiety levels of mothers with preschool children during the pandemic and to determine their coping strategies with stress. DESIGN AND METHODS This descriptive study sampled 300 mothers with kindergarten children in the 2021-2022 academic year. The data were collected with a personal information form, The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and Stress-Coping Styles Scale (SCSS). Numerical variables were presented as mean and standard deviation, and categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages. The Mann Whitney U test was used for the dual group and the Kruskal Wallis test for more than two groups in the comparison of the scale mean scores. The relationship between the two scales was determined by Pearson's correlation analysis. p < 0.05 value was accepted statistically significant. RESULTS The depression, anxiety and stress mean scores of the mothers in the study were high (10.01 ± 4.79; 9.07 ± 5.09; 10.28 ± 4.28, respectively). There is a high level of negative correlation between the SCSS self-confidence approach scores, optimistic approach scores and depression, anxiety and stress scores, and a high level of positive correlation between the helpless/self-accusatory approach, submissive approach, optimistic approach and depression, anxiety and stress scores. CONCLUSION Mothers with pre-school children have been found to experience intense depression, anxiety and stress during the pandemic, and as their depression, stress and anxiety levels increase, they move away from self-confident and optimistic approaches, and they embrace more the helpless/self-accusatory approach and submissive approach, seeking social support. IMPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE In the event of a future pandemic, psychiatry and pediatric nurses should strengthen positive coping styles and make mothers aware of social support resources to ensure that mothers, who are the most vulnerable group in terms of mental health, and thus children, do not experience psychiatric problems. Thus, nurses, as mandated by the holistic care approach, provide the qualified care that the individual and his family deserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Ozakar Akca
- Hitit University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Corum, Turkey.
| | - Ahu Pınar Turan
- Hitit University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Corum, Turkey
| | - Semra Songut
- Hitit University Hitit University Iskilip Vocational School. İskilip, Corum, Turkey..
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Predatu P, David D, Kirsch I, Florean S, Predatu R. Reciprocal relationships between positive expectancies and positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-lagged panel study. Psychol Health 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38616530 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2341874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research highlighted the importance of investigating distinct protective factors that predict the experience of positive emotions during stressful situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this longitudinal study, we specifically focused on positive expectancies towards the future (optimism, response expectancy, and response hope) in relation to the experience of positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our primary objectives were to identify the best predictors for experiencing short-term and long-term positive emotions and investigate their interrelationships. METHODS Data from 271 participants (average age = 29.2 years, 84.7% female) were analyzed using four cross-lagged models. RESULTS Results showed that response expectancy was the best predictor for experiencing positive emotions in the short term, while optimism was the best predictor for experiencing positive emotions in the long term. Additionally, through further exploratory analysis, multiple bidirectional relationships were identified between positive expectancies and positive emotions. DISCUSSION Our results highlight the significant role played by positive expectancies in predicting the experience of positive emotions. Specifically, dispositional optimism emerged as a stronger predictor of longer-term positive emotions, whereas response expectancy proved to be a better predictor of shorter-term positive emotions. Thus, interventions targeting positive expectancies have the potential to enhance emotional functioning in individuals during challenging situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronela Predatu
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Evidence Based Psychological Assessment and Interventions Doctoral School, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel David
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irving Kirsch
- Program in Placebo Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stelian Florean
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Răzvan Predatu
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Jesser A, Steinböck A, Pammer B, Ghorab T, Weber M, Schaffler Y, Probst T, Felnhofer A, Kothgassner OD, Pieh C, Humer E. Burdens and resources of Austrian clinical psychologists: results of a qualitative study two years into the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:205. [PMID: 38615038 PMCID: PMC11016222 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic increased the mental health burden in the general population, enhancing the demands placed on mental healthcare professionals. METHODS This study aimed to assess the burdens and resources of clinical psychologists that emerged since the beginning of the pandemic. N = 172 Austrian clinical psychologists participated in a cross-sectional online survey between April and May 2022. The burdens and the sources of support that emerged during the pandemic were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Mental health-related issues were identified as the greatest burden, followed by work-related themes and restrictions imposed by the government to combat the spreading of the virus. The most important resources mentioned by the clinical psychologists were social contacts and recreational activities. Practising mindfulness and focusing on inner processes and work-related aspects were further important resources mentioned. CONCLUSION Overall, it seems that clinical psychologists have a high awareness of mental health-related problems related to the pandemic and use adaptive coping strategies to deal with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Jesser
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, 3500, Austria
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, 1020, Austria
| | - Agnes Steinböck
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Barbara Pammer
- Clinical Psychologist and Psychotherapist, Graz, Austria
| | - Tiam Ghorab
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Magdalena Weber
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Yvonne Schaffler
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Thomas Probst
- Division of Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Anna Felnhofer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oswald D Kothgassner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, 3500, Austria.
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, 1020, Austria.
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Santos DMBD, Corrêa DA, de Aquino TAA. Meaning in life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: Impact of quality of life and sociodemographic factors. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241241479. [PMID: 38581307 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241241479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on meaning in life typically emphasizes the psychological aspects of quality of life, neglecting broader dimensions. Additionally, its relevance to the COVID-19 context remains limited. This study investigated the relationship of meaning in life with quality of life and sociodemographic factors related to COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. A total of 4133 Brazilian adults completed Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL-SRPB BREF, and sociodemographic information. Our results indicated a positive correlation between the presence of meaning and quality of life dimensions, with psychological health exhibiting the strongest relationship. We found a lower presence of meaning among individuals experiencing heightened social isolation, while vaccinated individuals exhibited a greater presence of meaning. Additionally, non-working participants reported lower presence and higher search for meaning than employed individuals, with frontline workers showing the highest search for meaning. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Kampe L, Hörz-Sagstetter S, Bohn J, Remmers C. How personality functioning relates to psychological distress and behavioral attitudes during the Covid-19 pandemic. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-023-01722-7. [PMID: 38183464 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Functional aspects of personality are crucial for experiencing and handling emotional distress. With the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus and the subsequent installation of mitigation rules of social distancing, severe psycho-social challenges were posed upon people. Research has shown that individuals react differently to these challenges. This study aimed to investigate the role of dimensional aspects of personality during the Covid-19 pandemic. Specifically, we examined how personality functioning, defense mechanisms, and narcissism were related to psychological distress and cognitive and behavioral attitudes towards the rules of social distancing. In a non-clinical sample (N = 254), Level of Personality Functioning Scale, Inventory of Personality Organization, Defense Style Questionnaire, Pathological Narcissism Inventory, and three single questions regarding emotional distress and behavioral attitudes towards the pandemic were used. Structural equation models with reference and residual factors were calculated. Impairments in personality functioning and vulnerable narcissism showed significant positive relationships, adaptive defense mechanisms significant negative relationships with psychological distress during the pandemic. Residual factors for aggression and low moral values showed distinct negative relationships with psychological distress related to social distancing. Among individuals who chose to ignore the rules of social distancing, greater impairment in personality organization was found. Personality functioning may elucidate individual differences in psychological distress and compliance with the mitigation rules during the pandemic. Limitations of measures are carefully considered in all interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Kampe
- Department of Psychological Diagnostics, International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Stromstrasse 1, 10555, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susanne Hörz-Sagstetter
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Bohn
- Department of Education and Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Remmers
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
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Ryff CD. Contributions of Eudaimonic Well-Being to Mental Health Practice. MENTAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL INCLUSION 2023; 27:276-293. [PMID: 38188969 PMCID: PMC10769108 DOI: 10.1108/mhsi-12-2022-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Synergies between a eudaimonic model of psychological well-being (Ryff, 1989) and mental health practice are examined. The model grew out of clinical, developmental, existential, and humanistic perspectives that emphasized psychological strengths and capacities, in contrast to the focus on emotional distress and dysfunction in clinical psychology. Design/Approach Conceptual foundations of the eudaimonic approach are described, along with the six components positive functioning that are used to measure well-being. These qualities may be important in facilitating the recovery experiences, which are of interest in Mental Health and Social Inclusion. Findings Four categories of empirical evidence about eudaimonia are reviewed: (1) how it changes with aging, (2) how it matters for health, (3) what are its biological and neurological underpinnings, and (4) whether it can be promoted. Major contemporary forces against eudaimonia are also considered, including ever-widening inequality, the enduring pandemic, and world-wide strife. In contrast, encounters with the arts and nature are put forth as forces for eudaimonia. The relevance of these ideas for mental health research and practice is considered. Originality Mental health is often defined as the absence of mental illness. The novelty of the eudaimonic approach is to define mental health as the presence of well-being, assessed with different components of positive functioning. Practical Implications Enormous suffering defines our contemporary world. Such realities call for greater attention to factors that undermine as well as nurture the realization of human potential, the core of eudaimonic well-being.
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Wang Q, Zhang W, An S. A systematic review and meta-analysis of Internet-based self-help interventions for mental health among adolescents and college students. Internet Interv 2023; 34:100690. [PMID: 38023965 PMCID: PMC10654252 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of Internet-based self-help interventions on the mental health of adolescents and college students. Methods We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated Internet-based self-help interventions aiming to mitigate mental health symptoms such as anxiety and depression, as well as managing high levels of stress, among adolescents and college students. Our search spanned databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, up until November 1st, 2022. It is essential to emphasize that our focus was the evaluation of symptoms (continuous outcomes), rather than the diagnosis of specific mental disorders. The meta-analysis was performed using the R version 4.3.1. The effect size measure was the standardized mean difference (SMD), and random-effects models were used to pool data from eligible RCTs. Subgroup analyses were carried out to examine variations in intervention effects based on factors such as sample type, intervention modality, guidance type, and intervention duration. Results The meta-analysis was based on 25 comparisons involving a total of 4480 participants. In comparison to the control group (n = 2125), participants receiving interventions (n = 2355) reported significant reductions in symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress, along with a significant improvement in quality of life. Specifically, for depression, we observed moderate intervention effects (SMD = -0.42, 95 % CI: -0.56, -0.27), and a similar pattern was seen for quality of life (SMD = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.49). Small intervention effects were found for anxiety (SMD = -0.35, 95 % CI [-0.48, -0.22]) and stress (SMD = -0.35, 95 % CI [-0.51, -0.20]). Given significant heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were conducted for anxiety and depression, considering factors such as sample type, intervention method, and intervention duration. Notably, college students experienced more significant benefits in both anxiety and depression alleviation compared to adolescents. Longer interventions (>8 weeks) were particularly effective in reducing anxiety and depression. Additionally, third-wave cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) showed pronounced intervention effects in both outcome measures, while the presence of guidance did not notably influence results. Conclusion This meta-analysis underscores the positive impact of Internet-based self-help programs in alleviating the symptoms of psychological disorders among adolescents and college students. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that the available evidence exhibits inconsistencies and limitations. Therefore, further research utilizing rigorous methodologies is necessary to verify and broaden the findings of this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Nanjing Normal University, School of Education Science, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Orthopedic Surgery, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Senbo An
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, PR China
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12
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Ferreira MJ, Sofia R, Carreno DF, Eisenbeck N, Cruz JFA. Positivity and coping as key to well-being and psychological adjustment during the pandemic of COVID-19: A follow-up study in Portugal. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1750-1771. [PMID: 37321921 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This follow-up study aimed to analyze the protective role of positivity and coping strategies on the well-being and psychological distress levels reported during Portugal's first and third waves of COVID-19. The total sample consisted of 135 participants (82.0% women) with ages ranging from 20 to 72 years (M = 39.29, SD = 11.46). Results suggested a significant decrease in well-being levels but no changes in psychological distress were observed. Positivity was a strong and significant predictor of well-being and psychological distress during the pandemic crisis. Among the set of strategies used by individuals at the first wave, denial, self-blame, and self-distraction predicted a poorer adaptation with more significant mental health impairment, with self-blame standing out as the most harmful. This study highlighted the key role of positivity in adjusting to the current pandemic crisis and the lasting detrimental impact of specific coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Ferreira
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology, Sports and Education, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Sofia
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- School of Sports and Leisure, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - David F Carreno
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Nikolett Eisenbeck
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Maricic J, Bjelic S, Jelic K. The Role of Self-Compassion and Attributions in the Mental Health of Older Adolescents amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6981. [PMID: 37947539 PMCID: PMC10648687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20216981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship among self-compassion, attributional styles, and mental health and their components in older adolescents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of each component of self-compassion (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification) and attributions (globality, stability, self-worth, and negative consequences) in predicting mental health was also analyzed. There were 322 participants aged 18 to 22 that participated in an online survey. The participants filled out a form that consisted of sociodemographic questions, COVID-19-related questions, the Self-Compassion Scale, the Mental Health Continuum-short form-and the Cognitive Styles Questionnaire-very short form. The results indicated moderate levels of self-compassion, attributions, and mental health in participants. Furthermore, gender differences in self-compassion were confirmed, meaning that male participants had higher total levels of self-compassion, and certain differences were observed on attribution subscales, but not on well-being subscales. Self-compassion and mental health were found to be positively correlated with each other and negatively correlated with negative attributions. Of the four attributional components, stability and negative consequences were revealed to be significant negative predictors in the first step but lost their significance with the inclusion of self-compassion components in the second step of the analysis. Regarding the six components of self-compassion, self-kindness, recoded isolation, and common humanity were significant positive predictors in the second step of the analysis. COVID-19-related items did not show any significant intergroup differences. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between positive mental health, self-compassion, and attributions in older adolescents so that they can be used as theoretical support for related interventions, especially during and after times of crisis, such as a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Maricic
- Faculty of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (K.J.)
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14
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Shapiro J. Burning bright or burning out: a qualitative investigation of leader vitality. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1244089. [PMID: 37854136 PMCID: PMC10581267 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1244089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leaders of organizations have incessant demands placed on them, including cultivating teams, building culture, and increasing the bottom line, in addition to caring for followers' well-being and thriving. Numerous resources are required to meet these continuous demands, and vitality is one of the most valuable. Methods Through interviewing 20 of the most influential and pressured leaders of Fortune 1,000 companies, this qualitative study answers three important questions: what drains vitality, what fosters it, and how do leaders most effectively utilize vitality for followers? Results The results shed light on psychological mechanisms that drain leaders' vitality, including emotional labor, self-control, loss of job control, the unproductive mindsets of others, and isolation created from the role. In terms of fostering vitality, several of the pathways of the PERMA+4 model of well-being were highlighted, including fostering relationships, physical health, accomplishment, mindset, meaning, environment, and engagement. Two additional themes that foster vitality included job autonomy and time away from work. Themes emerged that underscore how leaders utilize their vitality for followers, and the potentially detrimental impacts to leadership when leaders are drained. Discussion Overall, results highlight the importance of vitality and self-care as critical for leaders' ability to maximize their leadership performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Shapiro
- Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
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15
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Gächter A, Zauner B, Haider K, Schaffler Y, Probst T, Pieh C, Humer E. Areas of Concern and Support among the Austrian General Population: A Qualitative Content Analytic Mapping of the Shift between Winter 2020/21 and Spring 2022. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2539. [PMID: 37761736 PMCID: PMC10530781 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze areas of concern and support of the Austrian general population two years into the COVID-19 pandemic. A representative sample (N = 1031) of the Austrian general population was surveyed online between 19 April 2022 and 26 April 2022. A qualitative study design was used to explore the factors of most considerable current concern (Question 1) and the most important sources of support (Question 2). The responses to the two open-ended questions were evaluated using a conventional content analysis, and categories were formed according to the frequency of the answers. The analysis revealed that inflation and finances (30% of participants) and the war in Ukraine (22%) were the greatest sources of concern, followed by mental health (11%), and physical health (11%). Factors such as social contacts within and outside the family were mentioned most frequently as sources of support (36% of participants), followed by recreational activities (23%) and attitudes and abilities (22%). Compared to data collected at the end of the first year of the pandemic (between 23 December 2020 and 4 January 2021), concern about one's financial situation was now mentioned more frequently (30% vs. 8,5%). On the other hand, different types of pandemic-related concerns were mentioned less often. Social contacts and recreation were mentioned as the most important sources of support at both time points (46% and 36% of the participants). The results suggest that the economic concerns are lagging behind the restrictions imposed by the pandemic. In addition, the impending war in Ukraine seems to have a relevant impact on mental health in Austria. Further nuanced qualitative research, particularly involving vulnerable groups such as low-income individuals and the unemployed, is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Gächter
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (B.Z.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (C.P.); (E.H.)
| | - Barbara Zauner
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (B.Z.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (C.P.); (E.H.)
| | - Katja Haider
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (B.Z.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (C.P.); (E.H.)
| | - Yvonne Schaffler
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (B.Z.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (C.P.); (E.H.)
| | - Thomas Probst
- Division of Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (B.Z.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (C.P.); (E.H.)
| | - Elke Humer
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (B.Z.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (C.P.); (E.H.)
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Williams ME, Berl MM, Corn E, Ansusinha E, Arroyave-Wessel M, Zhang A, Cure C, Mulkey SB. Positive and negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on families of young children in rural Colombia and implications for child outcome research. Child Care Health Dev 2023; 49:825-833. [PMID: 37012218 PMCID: PMC10524562 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of children and families worldwide. The objective of this study is to examine exposures and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on preschool-aged children and caregivers in the Atlántico region of Colombia. METHODS The COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales (CEFIS) questionnaire was administered in Fall 2021 to 63 caregivers of children in Sabanalarga, Colombia enrolled in a neurodevelopment study as healthy controls. The CEFIS assesses pandemic-related exposures/events and impact; higher scores indicate greater exposure and negative impact. Descriptive and correlation analyses among exposure and impact scores were conducted. RESULTS Caregivers reported a mean (standard deviation[SD]) of 11.1 (3.2) among 25 COVID-19-related exposures/events; most common types included stay-at-home orders, school closures, disruptions to living conditions and income loss. Total number of events was correlated with higher caregiver (P < .001) and child distress (P = .002). However, the mean (SD) impact score of 2.0 (0.6) suggests a trend toward more positive impact than negative. Caregivers reported improvements to sleep, exercise and family interactions. Some caregivers (n = 21) qualitatively reported negative effects including unemployment, fear/anxiety and inability to visit family, and positive effects such as unification, family closeness and spending more time with children. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of comprehensively exploring positive and negative impacts of COVID-19 and families' subsequent resilience and transformation. Using tools like the CEFIS, those seeking to mitigate negative impacts can contextualize data to better understand study outcomes and tailor services, resources and policy to families' unique needs. CEFIS data likely depend on timing, economic/public health resources and cultural values; future work should prioritize understanding the generalizability of CEFIS findings across samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madison M. Berl
- Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anqing Zhang
- Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Sarah B. Mulkey
- Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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17
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Schaffler Y, Bauer M, Schein B, Jesser A, Probst T, Pieh C, Humer E. Understanding pandemic resilience: a mixed-methods exploration of burdens, resources, and determinants of good or poor well-being among Austrian psychotherapists. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1216833. [PMID: 37693716 PMCID: PMC10483144 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1216833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the mental health burden on the general population, resulting in increased demands on mental healthcare professionals, including psychotherapists. This cross-sectional study assessed the challenges and resources encountered by 513 psychotherapists based on an online survey conducted between April and May 2022. Methods Qualitative methods content analysis of written reports was employed to investigate the emerging challenges and sources of support during the pandemic. A comparative analysis of burdens, resources, sociodemographic factors and daily physical activity was conducted to discern patterns of good and poor well-being. Results The predominant burden identified was mental health-related issues, followed by global crises and government-imposed restrictions to mitigate virus transmission. Essential resources encompassed social connections, mindfulness, work satisfaction, and internal processes. Notably, psychotherapists demonstrating good well-being were older, more physically active, had a lower proportion of females, were employed in private practices rather than in institutionalized settings, had more years of professional experience and treated more patients weekly than their counterparts with poor well-being. Furthermore, they exhibited greater optimism, health focus, and satisfaction with their coping methods. Discussion These findings can help develop support systems, policies, and educational programs to better support mental health professionals during global crises and offer strategies for individual practitioners to maintain their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Schaffler
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Monika Bauer
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Barbara Schein
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Andrea Jesser
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Thomas Probst
- Division of Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Wang Y, Xu S, Chen Y, Liu H. A decline in perceived social status leads to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults half a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic: consideration of the mediation effect of perceived vulnerability to disease. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1217264. [PMID: 37547198 PMCID: PMC10402898 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1217264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose In December 2019, Wuhan, Hubei, China firstly reported the existence of the COVID-19 virus. It is crucial to prioritize the psychological well-being of citizens in lockdown cities and make more strides in the academic field of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to prepare for the post-pandemic era. Methods We took the cognitive-relational theory as our basis and collected Hubei province-level data (N = 3,465) to examine the impact of perceived social status decline on the prevalence of PTSD symptoms, and checked the mediating effect of perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) during the period of psychological adjustment. Results Using propensity score matching, we estimate the average treatment effect of perceived social status decline on PTSD level, and we robustly regress the two with weight adjustment generated in matching. We found that more decline in perceived social status is associated with a worse degree of PTSD symptoms, and confirmed PVD's buffering role although the mediating effect was not as high as hypothesized. Conclusion and implications Our study confirmed the decisive role of subject social status in health prediction compared to traditional socioeconomic measures, which extends the cognitive-relational in examining socioeconomic status and contributes to the dialog on socioeconomic inequality. We also suggested providing more social support at the community level and enhancing individuals' positive understanding to protect mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuge Xu
- School of Sociology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijuan Liu
- School of Sociology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Li B, Ng K, Tong X, Zhou X, Ye J, Yu JJ. Physical activity and mental health in children and youth during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:92. [PMID: 37468975 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and universal mitigation strategies have fundamentally affected peoples' lives worldwide, particularly during the first two years of the pandemic. Reductions in physical activity (PA) and increased mental health (MH) problems among children and youth have been observed. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the relationship between physical activity (PA) and mental health (MH) among children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Four electronic databases (EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science) were systematically searched to identify studies that (1) examined the relationship between PA and MH among children and youth (aged 2-24 years old) and (2) were published in peer-reviewed journals in English between January 2020 and December 2021. Relationships between PA and two MH aspects (i.e., negative and positive psychological responses) among children and youth at different age ranges and those with disabilities or chronic conditions (DCC) were synthesized. Meta-analyses were also performed for eligible studies to determine the pooled effect size. RESULTS A total of 58 studies were eventually included for variable categorization, with 32 eligible for meta-analyses. Our synthesis results showed that greater PA participation was strongly related to lower negative psychological responses (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, fatigue, and mental health problems) and higher positive psychological responses (i.e., general well-being and vigor) in children and youth during COVID-19. The pattern and strength of relations between PA and MH outcomes varied across age ranges and health conditions, with preschoolers and those with DCC receiving less attention in the existing research. Meta-analysis results showed that the magnitude of associations of PA with negative (Fisher's z = - 0.198, p < 0.001) and positive (Fisher's z = 0.170, p < 0.001) psychological responses among children and youth was weak. These results were linked to age of participants, study quality, and reporting of PA-related information. CONCLUSIONS PA participation and MH among children and youth deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic and were closely associated with each other. For the post-COVID-19 era, additional research on age- and health condition-specific relationships between PA and MH outcomes from a comprehensive perspective is warranted. (Word count: 344 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kwok Ng
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Rauma, Finland
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xiuhong Tong
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangchuan Ye
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jane Jie Yu
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Pachi A, Kavourgia E, Bratis D, Fytsilis K, Papageorgiou SM, Lekka D, Sikaras C, Tselebis A. Anger and Aggression in Relation to Psychological Resilience and Alcohol Abuse among Health Professionals during the First Pandemic Wave. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2031. [PMID: 37510472 PMCID: PMC10378977 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems, behavior changes, and addictive issues have been consistently documented among healthcare workers during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of anger and aggression in relation to psychological resilience and alcohol abuse among healthcare workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 120 physicians and 123 nurses completed an online survey of the Dimensions of Anger Reactions-5 (DAR-5), the Brief Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Alcohol Screening questionnaire CAGE which is an acronym for the focus of the questions (Cutting down, Annoyance by criticism, Guilty feeling, and Eye-openers). Demographic and professional data were also recorded. A total of 53 men and 190 women participated in the study. Almost one-third of the participants had a positive score on the DAR-5 scale and one out of ten respondents presented with current problematic alcohol use. Male participants demonstrated lower scores on the DAR-5 scale compared to females. Individuals with current problematic alcohol use displayed higher scores on the BAQ compared to those without alcohol use disorders. Regression analysis revealed that 16.4% of the variance in the BAQ scores can be attributed to scores on the DAR-5, 5.9% to the BRS scores, 2.1% to the CAGE scores, 1.7% to gender, and 1.2% to years of work experience. Mediation analysis highlighted the role of psychological resilience as a negative mediator in the DAR-5 and BAQ relationship. Professional experience and alcohol abuse emerged as positive and negative risk factors contributing to aggression and psychological resilience. The findings hold practical implications for implementing interventions to strengthen resilience in order to compensate for aggressive tendencies and discourage addictive issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyro Pachi
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Evgenia Kavourgia
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Dionisios Bratis
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Konstantinos Fytsilis
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Styliani Maria Papageorgiou
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Dimitra Lekka
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Christos Sikaras
- Nursing Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Tselebis
- Psychiatric Department, Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.K.); (D.B.); (K.F.); (S.M.P.); (D.L.)
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21
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Zhou X, Huang J, Qin S, Tao K, Ning Y. Family intimacy and adolescent peer relationships: investigating the mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of self-identity. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1165830. [PMID: 37457090 PMCID: PMC10344464 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1165830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
According to existing research, family intimacy affects the formation of peer relationships among adolescents; Parent-child relationships may influence children's relationships with peers, but the mechanism of its influence is still unclear due to the uncertainty of its effect. According to the ecological systems theory, this study examines how family intimacy affects adolescent peer relationships through psychological capital and how self-identity moderates this effect. These hypotheses were tested based on a survey of 414 adolescents, which showed that family intimacy positively affects adolescent peer relationships; The relationship between family intimacy and adolescent peer relationships is mediated by psychological capital; Self-identity positively moderates the direct effects of family intimacy and adolescent peer relationships; Self-identity not only positively moderates the direct effect of psychological capital and adolescent peer relationship, but also positively moderates the indirect effect of family intimacy on adolescent peer relationship through psychological capital. This study provides new perspectives on the relevant mechanism of family intimacy and adolescent peer relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- School of Humanities and Education, Enshi Vocational and Technical College, Enshi, China
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Economics and Management, Enshi Vocational and Technical College, Enshi, China
| | - Sushu Qin
- School of Economics and Management, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Kangsheng Tao
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yumei Ning
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
- Business School, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
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22
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Casali N, Feraco T, Meneghetti C. Keep going, keep growing: A longitudinal analysis of grit, posttraumatic growth, and life satisfaction in school students under COVID-19. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023:102320. [PMID: 37366479 PMCID: PMC10288321 DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted students' daily life, but grit could have sustained students' wellbeing by helping them work hard and stay goal-oriented over time despite adversity. Gritty students may also have interpreted COVID-19-related adversity as an opportunity to grow, thus displaying higher levels of post-traumatic growth. In this study, 445 students in grades 6-12 (160 males, Mage = 14.25, SDage = 2.11) completed measures of grit and life satisfaction at the beginning (Time 1) and at the end (Time 2) of the school year, together with a measure of posttraumatic growth. A longitudinal SEM model shows that perseverance positively relates to posttraumatic growth, indirectly favoring life satisfaction at Time 2. In conclusion, perseverance, rather than consistency, appeared to have sustained students' positive adjustment to the COVID-19 pandemic. Teaching students how to nurture this quality can have important beneficial effects for their wellbeing under adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Casali
- Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Feraco
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Meneghetti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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23
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Subotic-Kerry M, Braund TA, Gallen D, Li SH, Parker BL, Achilles MR, Chakouch C, Baker S, Werner-Seidler A, O'Dea B. Examining the impact of a universal positive psychology program on mental health outcomes among Australian secondary students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:70. [PMID: 37308960 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the impact of a web-based positive psychology program delivered universally to secondary school students during school closures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales, Australia. METHODS Using a quasi-experimental design conducted in 2020, 438 students aged 12-15 years (73% male) from 4 secondary schools were invited to complete the 'Bite Back Mental Fitness Challenge'. This web-based program consisted of 7 self-directed modules that targeted 5 key domains of positive psychology. Self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression and help-seeking intentions for mental health were assessed at baseline prior to school closures (February to March 2020) and at post-test after the return to school (July to August 2020). At post-test, students also reported on their perceived changes in mental health and help-seeking behavior for mental health during the pandemic. Completion of the program modules was recorded. RESULTS A total of 445 students consented and 336 (75.5%) completed both assessments. On average, participants completed 2.31 modules (SD: 2.38, range: 0 to 7). There was no change in symptoms of anxiety and depression or help-seeking intentions between baseline and post-test, with no significant effects for gender and history of mental illness. Students who were symptomatic for anxiety and depression at baseline reported lower symptoms at post-test, but this change was not significant. Ninety-seven students (27.5%) reported that their mental health had worsened during the pandemic, and a significant increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms was found in this subsample at post-test. Only 7.7% of students reported a change in their help-seeking behavior, with increased mental health support sought from the Internet, parents, and friends. CONCLUSIONS The universal delivery of a web-based positive psychology program during school closures did not appear to be associated with improved mental health symptoms; however, completion of the modules was low. Different effects may emerge when selectively delivered to students with mild or greater symptoms. The findings also suggest that broader measures of mental health and wellbeing, including perceived change, are key to the mental health surveillance of students during periods of remote learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Subotic-Kerry
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Taylor A Braund
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dervla Gallen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie H Li
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda L Parker
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda R Achilles
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Cassandra Chakouch
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Baker
- Orygen, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aliza Werner-Seidler
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bridianne O'Dea
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Czakert JP, Berger R. The Influence of Leadership on Employees' Work-nonwork Interface and Wellbeing: A Scoping Review. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37359594 PMCID: PMC10233180 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Many current working conditions are characterized by increasing blurred boundaries between work and nonwork with spillover that impact employees' and recovery processes and wellbeing. Research, although emerging, considers these processes in the leadership-wellbeing relationship insufficiently. The main aim of this study, therefore, was to enhance our understanding of the role of leadership on employee's work-nonwork interface and wellbeing. To address these processes adequately, longitudinal research is most appropriate. To our best knowledge, no review exists that could inform longitudinal studies on the leadership-employee wellbeing relationship with a focus on spillover and recovery processes. Following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, we apply a narrative synthesis of 21 identified studies to organize the research landscape. We make three main contributions: First, we adopt an integrated resource-demands based process perspective and expand the leadership-employee wellbeing relationship by including spillover and recovery. Second, we map the used theoretical approaches and analyzed research gaps. Third, we offer a list of the issues and potential remedies of applied methodologies to orient further research. Results show, that while work-nonwork research is predominantly approached from a negative conflict-based view, research focused more on positive than on negative leadership. We identify two broad categories of investigated mechanisms, namely bolstering/hampering mechanisms, and buffering/strengthening mechanisms. Findings also highlight the importance of personal energy resources and therefore call for more attention to affect-driven theories. The identified predominance of the IT and healthcare sectors and of working parents warrants more representative research. We offer recommendations to advance future research both theoretically and methodologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Czakert
- Departament de Psicologia Social i Quantitativa, Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita Berger
- Departament de Psicologia Social i Quantitativa, Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Shafie S, Wang P, Shahwan S, Satghare P, Chua BY, Ni MY, Lun P, Teh WL, Vaingankar JA, Chong SA. Risk and protective factors of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Singapore. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2023; 52:249-258. [PMID: 38904522 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The main aims of the study were to: establish the average levels of psychological distress, suicidality and positive mental health (PMH); and examine their associated risk and protective factors in the population of Singapore during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method Participants from a national psychiatric epidemiological study conducted in the general population of Singapore from 2016 to 2018, who had agreed to be re-contacted, were invited to participate in the study that was conducted from May 2020 to June 2021. Questionnaires assessing psychological distress, causes of stress, resilience and PMH were administered. Results A total of 1,129 respondents completed the study. The mean age was 47.7 (standard deviation = 16.5) years. The prevalence of stress, depression and anxiety was 7.1%, 8.0% and 8.4%, respectively. The final pathways model showed that high concerns related to possible COVID-19 infection of family members or friends were significantly associated with higher stress (β = 0.242, P<0.001), depression (β = 0.152, P=0.001) and anxiety (β = 0.280, P<0.001). High resilience was significantly associated with lower stress (β = -0.482, P<0.001), depression (β = -0.394, P<0.001) and anxiety (β = -0.516, P<0.001), and with high PMH (β = 0.498, P<0.001). Conclusion The findings highlight the negative impact of fear of COVID-19 infection, social distancing and isolation on the mental health of the population. Resilience and PMH were associated with lower psychological stress, and interventions to improve these characteristics can enhance mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Saleha Shafie
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Peizhi Wang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Michael Y Ni
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Phyllis Lun
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wen Lin Teh
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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26
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Mettler J, Cho S, Stern M, Heath NL. Negative and Positive Emotional Reactivity in Women With and Without a History of Self-Injury. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231180118. [PMID: 37247614 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231180118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In trying to better understand why certain individuals self-injure, researchers have proposed high emotional reactivity for negative emotions may influence vulnerabilities and predispose individuals to react to stressful situations in a dysregulated manner, thus engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, the role of emotional reactivity for positive emotions in those with a history of NSSI is still unclear. Thus, the present study sought to examine group differences in the reactivity of (a) negative and (b) positive emotions in young adults with and without a history of NSSI engagement, and (c) to evaluate whether the reactivity of positive emotions could predict NSSI engagement when controlling for reactivity of negative emotions. The sample consisted of 96 female students who reported engaging in NSSI within the past 2 years (Mage = 20.28 years, SD = 1.65) and an age-matched female comparison group with no NSSI history (Mage = 20.43 years, SD = 1.76). Results from separate MANOVAs indicated individuals with a history of NSSI reported higher negative reactivity across all aspects (emotional intensity, sensitivity, and persistence) than the comparison group, Wilk's λ = .86, F (3,188) = 10.65, p < .001, partial η2 = .145; however, no significant differences emerged for positive reactivity, Wilk's λ = .99, F (3,188) = 0.52, p = .669. Moreover, a logistic regression revealed that persistence of negative emotions was the only significant predictor of NSSI, Wald χ2 (1) = 4.54, p = .03. The present results highlight the importance of the persistence of negative emotions for individuals who engage in NSSI. Furthermore, the current study provides the first suggestion of no significant differences in positive emotional reactivity between individuals with and without NSSI; underlining the importance of focusing on negative emotional reactivity in clinical practice as well as using positive emotions to "undo" the effect of negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mettler
- Faculty of Education, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sohyun Cho
- Faculty of Education, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melissa Stern
- Grey Zone Psychology & Wellness Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy L Heath
- Faculty of Education, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mehrotra S, Roy S. Hope, Belief in Just World and Trust in Government: An Interaction Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic in India. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231177852. [PMID: 37211995 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231177852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID 19 has brought about changes in all spheres of human life. In the present times of pandemic, human life has suffered not only from physical stresses but also encountered and endured several mental stresses. In recent times people adopted several measures to bring positivity to their life. The present study explores the relationship between- Hope, Belief in Just World, Covid -19, and Trust in the Government in India, during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Data was collected online from young adults, via Google forms, using the tools- Adult Hope scale, Covid Anxiety scale, Belief in Just world scale, and Trust in Government. Results showed a significant correlation between the three variables. Hope, Belief in Just World, and Trust in government. Regression analysis found these three variables to significantly impact Covid anxiety. Further, Belief in Just World was found to mediate the relationship between Hope and Covid anxiety. During challenging times, it is important to boost mental health in the right direction. Implications have been further discussed in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Mehrotra
- Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Shreyasi Roy
- Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, India
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28
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Alarcão V, Candeias P, Stefanovska-Petkovska M, Pintassilgo S, Machado FL, Virgolino A, Santos O. Mental Health and Well-Being of Migrant Populations in Portugal Two Years after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050422. [PMID: 37232659 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In Portugal, like in other European countries, the COVID-19 pandemic aggravated the risk of poverty and social exclusion faced by migrants. This study aimed to assess mental health and well-being, and their social determinants, among Brazilian and Cape Verdean immigrant populations two years after the COVID-19 pandemic while exploring the role of positive psychological factors such as resilience and perceived social support. We conducted a cross-sectional survey combining online and face-to-face questionnaires for data collection between February and November 2022 on dimensions of mental health considered potentially relevant to the post-pandemic context: psychological distress, anxiety, and depression. Overall, 604 immigrants were included (322 Brazilian and 282 Cape Verdean); 58.5% of those surveyed were women and 41.5% were men. The results revealed that gender (being a woman) was associated with both psychological distress and depression, higher education was associated with anxiety, and that, for the three mental health dimensions under analysis, the perception of discrimination and resilience were negative and positive predictors, respectively. Findings can inform the design and implementation of relevant public mental health promotion programs with a focus on equity targeted to the general population. Such programs would help to address the psychological and social impacts of this long-term, insidious global pandemic that has challenged governments, health care systems, health care professionals, individuals, families, and communities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Alarcão
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Candeias
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miodraga Stefanovska-Petkovska
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pintassilgo
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Luís Machado
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Osvaldo Santos
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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29
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Liu X. Examining student burnout causes among English as a foreign language students: focus on school climate and student growth mindset. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1166408. [PMID: 37251075 PMCID: PMC10213634 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1166408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between student burnout and two key factors - perceived school climate and growth mindset - in the context of English as a foreign language (EFL) learning among Chinese students. Methods A sample of 412 intermediate English language learners from China participated in an online survey and completed valid measures of the three constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to establish the validity of the scales used to measure the three latent variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was then used to test the proposed model. Results The results of SEM showed that both perceived school climate and growth mindset had a significant positive impact on EFL student burnout, with perceived school climate having a stronger effect compared to growth mindset. Discussion The findings suggest that promoting a positive school climate and fostering a student growth mindset can help reduce student burnout in EFL settings.
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30
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Bullen J, Hill-Wall T, Anderson K, Brown A, Bracknell C, Newnham EA, Garvey G, Waters L. From Deficit to Strength-Based Aboriginal Health Research-Moving toward Flourishing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5395. [PMID: 37048008 PMCID: PMC10094537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aboriginal Australians have a fundamental human right to opportunities that lead to healthy and flourishing lives. While the impact of trauma on Aboriginal Australians is well-documented, a pervasive deficit narrative that focuses on problems and pathology persists in research and policy discourse. This narrative risks further exacerbating Aboriginal disadvantage through a focus on 'fixing what is wrong' with Aboriginal Australians and the internalising of these narratives by Aboriginal Australians. While a growing body of research adopts strength-based models, limited research has sought to explore Aboriginal flourishing. This conceptual paper seeks to contribute to a burgeoning paradigm shift in Aboriginal research, seeking to understand what can be learned from Aboriginal people who flourish, how we best determine this, and in what contexts this can be impactful. Within, we argue the case for a new approach to exploring Aboriginal wellbeing that integrates salutogenic, positive psychology concepts with complex systems theory to understand and promote Aboriginal wellbeing and flourishing. While deeper work may be required to establish the parameters of a strength-based, culturally aligned Aboriginal conceptualisation of positive psychology, we suggest the integration of Aboriginal and Western methodologies offers a unique and potent means of shifting the dial on seemingly intractable problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bullen
- EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Trish Hill-Wall
- EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Kate Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine, The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Alex Brown
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Clint Bracknell
- School of Languages and Cultures, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Newnham
- EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gail Garvey
- Faculty of Medicine, The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Lea Waters
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3101, Australia
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Muazzam A, Naseem F, Shakil M, Visvizi A, Klemens J. Surviving COVID-19: Biopsychosocial Impacts, Death Anxiety, and Coping Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030705. [PMID: 36992289 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic erupted, attempts to contain the spread of the virus took two concurrent forms, including mobility restrictions (aka lockdowns) and the race to produce a vaccine. However, it is quite striking that, amidst both the lockdown and the race to produce a vaccine, the question of how COVID-19 survivors/patients coped with the disease has not received the degree of attention it deserved. To navigate this issue, we employed a sample consisting of 100 COVID-19 survivors; this paper explores the relationship between the biopsychosocial (BPS) impacts of COVID-19, death anxiety, and coping strategies. In this context, the mediating role of death anxiety is placed in the spotlight. The analysis reveals a significant positive association between the BPS impact of COVID-19 and death anxiety and a significant negative association between death anxiety and coping strategies among COVID-19 survivors. Thus, death anxiety mediates the relationship between the BPS impact and the coping strategies that COVID-19 survivors adopt. Given the general recognition of the validity of the BPS model in contemporary medical science and practice, a thorough examination of COVID-19 survivors and their experiences related to surviving is necessary to match the challenges of today, including the increased probability of pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Muazzam
- Department of Psychology, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Faiqa Naseem
- Department of Psychology, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muneeba Shakil
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 1.5 KM Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anna Visvizi
- Institute of International Studies (ISM), SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland
- Effat College of Business, Effat University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jolanta Klemens
- PSYCHOMedical, ul. W. Broniewskiego 39, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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32
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Malighetti C, Bernardelli L, Pancini E, Riva G, Villani D. Promoting Emotional and Psychological Well-Being During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Self-Help Virtual Reality Intervention for University Students. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2023; 26:309-317. [PMID: 36940285 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Mental health problems are very common among university students, and the situation worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. The closure of universities, the restrictions imposed, and the reduction of social activities led to considerable changes in students' lives, thus posing new mental health and emotional challenges. Within this context, promoting university students' general well-being, in particular emotional and psychological well-being, becomes essential. In addition to the possibility of online interventions aimed at overcoming distance limitations and reaching people at their home, other advanced technologies such as virtual reality (VR) have demonstrated the potential to improve people's well-being, quality of life, and positive experiences. The study reported in this article is aimed at exploring the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a self-help VR intervention lasting 3 weeks in promoting emotional well-being in university students. Forty-two university students voluntarily participated in a six-session intervention. In each session, a different virtual scenario was presented: two relaxing experiences and four transformative experiences based on metaphors or metaphoric ones aimed at encouraging students to be aware of their emotions and positive resources. Students were randomly allocated to an experimental group and to a waiting list group that started the intervention after 3 weeks. Before and after the six sessions, participants completed an assessment by completing online questionnaires. Results showed a significant increase in both emotional well-being and psychological well-being in the experimental group compared to the waiting list group. The majority of participants said that they would recommend the experience to other students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Malighetti
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Pancini
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Research Center in Communication Psychology, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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33
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Zuo S, Wang F, Hong YY, Chan HW, Chiu CPY, Wang X. Ecological introspection resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic: the threat perception of the pandemic was positively related to pro-environmental behaviors. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2023.2190923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijiang Zuo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Yi Hong
- Business School, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi-Wing Chan
- Business School, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Xue Wang
- Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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de Leeuw RNH, van Woudenberg TJ, Green KH, Sweijen SW, van de Groep S, Kleemans M, Tamboer SL, Crone EA, Buijzen M. Moral Beauty During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prosocial Behavior Among Adolescents and the Inspiring Role of the Media. COMMUNICATION RESEARCH 2023; 50:131-156. [PMID: 36874391 PMCID: PMC9922666 DOI: 10.1177/00936502221112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether adolescents helped others during the COVID-19 pandemic and how stories in the media inspired them in doing so. Using an online daily diary design, 481 younger adolescents (M = 15.29, SD = 1.76) and 404 older adolescents (M = 21.48, SD = 1.91) were followed for 2 weeks. Findings from linear mixed effects models demonstrated that feelings of being moved by stories in the media were related to giving emotional support to family and friends, and to helping others, including strangers. Exposure to COVID-19 news and information was found to spark efforts to support and help as well and keeping physical distance in line with the advised protective behaviors against COVID-19. Moreover, helping others was related to increased happiness. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the potential role of the media in connecting people in times of crisis.
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Jarden RJ, Scott S, Rickard N, Long K, Burke S, Morrison M, Mills L, Barker E, Sharma K, Twomey B. Factors contributing to nurse resignation during COVID-19: A qualitative descriptive study. J Adv Nurs 2023. [PMID: 36805610 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore and describe registered nurses' perceptions and experiences of work well-being extending from what inspired them to join the healthcare organization, what created a great day at work for them, through to what may have supported them to stay. DESIGN Qualitative descriptive study. METHODS Thirty-nine Australian nurses who resigned in 2021 from two metropolitan healthcare organizations in Victoria were interviewed in 2022, each for 30-60 min. The semi-structured interview transcripts were transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively and thematically. RESULTS Four themes were constructed for each of the key research questions. Inspiration to join the organizations transpired through organizational reputation, recruitment experiences, right position and right time, fit and feel. A great day at work was created through relationships with colleagues, experiences with managers, adequate resourcing and delivering quality care. Factors contributing to nurses resigning included COVID-19, uncertainty of role, workload and rostering, and finally, not feeling supported, respected and valued. Factors that may have supported the nurses to stay included flexible work patterns and opportunities, improved workplace relationships, workload management and support, and supportive systems and environments. Cutting across these themes were five threads: (1) relationships, (2) communication, (3) a desire to learn and develop, (4) work-life balance and (5) providing quality patient care. CONCLUSIONS Novel ways of working and supporting individuals, teams and organizations are needed to maintain and sustain nurses. The nurses' inspiration, what created a great day at work, and support needed to stay highlighted the importance of workplace initiatives to build nursing career pathways, provide equitable opportunities for professional development, workload and roster flexibility and implement professional relationship-enhancing actions to foster authentic civility. IMPACT This study contributes an in-depth exploration of the perceptions and experiences of nurses who resigned from two healthcare organizations and provides a description of (1) what inspired these nurses to initially join the organization, (2) what they perceived created a great day at work for them, (3) the factors contributing to their resignation and (4) what may have supported them to stay. The reasons nurses resign from an organization were identified as complex and multi-factorial, with opportunities for promoting nursing career pathways, addressing equity in opportunities and implementing professional relationship-enhancing actions. These contributions add both context and opportunity to strengthen organizational initiatives to attract, sustain and retain nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Jarden
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Karrie Long
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Emma Barker
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Thajil KM, AL-Abrrow H. The effect of the bright triad on positive innovation in healthcare sector: The mediating role of emotional intelligence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2023.2177608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadi AL-Abrrow
- Business Administration Department, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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Kil H, Lacourse E, Mageau GA, Pelletier-Dumas M, Dorfman A, Stolle D, Lina JM, de la Sablonnière R. Initial risk factors, self-compassion trajectories, and well-being outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A person-centered approach. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1016397. [PMID: 36846478 PMCID: PMC9945549 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1016397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We investigated whether initial risk classes and heterogeneous trajectories of self-compassion over the course of the pandemic may impact well-being outcomes 1 year into the pandemic. Methods A large, representative sample of Canadians (N = 3,613; 50.6% women) was sampled longitudinally over 11 waves (April 2020-April 2021), using a rolling cross-sectional survey design. Analyses were conducted in three steps: (1) latent class analysis to identify heterogeneity in risk factors (sociodemographic, cognitive-personality, health-related) early in the pandemic, (2) latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify longitudinal self-compassion trajectories, and (3) GLM to examine effects of risk factor classes and self-compassion trajectories, as well as their interaction, on later well-being (mental health, perceived control, life satisfaction). Results and Discussion Four risk factor classes emerged, with 50.9% of participants experiencing low risk, 14.3% experiencing multiple risks, 20.8% experiencing Cognitive-Personality and Health risks, and 14.0% experiencing sociodemographic and Cognitive-Personality risks. Four self-compassion trajectories also emerged, with 47.7% of participants experiencing moderate-high self-compassion that decreased then stabilized, 32.0% experiencing moderate self-compassion that decreased then stabilized, 17.3% experiencing high and stable self-compassion across time, and 3.0% experiencing low and decreasing self-compassion. Comparisons of well-being outcomes 1 year post-pandemic indicated that higher levels of self-compassion over time may protect against the impact of initial risk on well-being outcomes. Further work is still needed on heterogeneity in experiences of risk and protective factors during stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hali Kil
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Eric Lacourse
- Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Anna Dorfman
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dietlind Stolle
- Department of Political Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Exploring the Well-Being of Slovenian and Serbian Sport Science Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic of Summer 2022. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11020040. [PMID: 36828325 PMCID: PMC9964674 DOI: 10.3390/sports11020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly changed everyday life of social actors, which inferred mental health and well-being concerns. As students of health-related studies tend to adapt better to difficult circumstances, in this study, we explored the effect of the pandemic on sports science students' well-being during the summer of 2022. The research was conducted in Slovenia and Serbia. The sample comprised n = 350 students. The PERMA-Profiler, a 15-item self-reported questionnaire, was adapted to assess well-being across five elements: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. Data were collected with a questionnaire through the summer of 2022 (from May to July) and analyzed in SPSS, AMOS 26.0. The results revealed normal functioning (M = 7.72, SD ± 1.38) for the overall well-being of the students. Although all dimensions indicated high scores, relationships (M = 7.95, SD ± 1.63), meaning (M = 7.76, SD ± 1.69), and engagement (M = 7.73, SD ± 1.36) rated the highest. Furthermore, the instrument was acceptable, as the confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate reliability based on Cronbach's alpha (15 items, α = 0.94) and strong internal correlations between the PERMA dimensions. This study contributes to the previously published research, emphasizing the positive responses and successful coping of sports science students in times of complex situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Murphy ER. Hope and well-being. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 50:101558. [PMID: 36822123 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The numerous benefits of hope have been supported through decades of empirical research. One of these benefits is a marked increase in one's well-being. Well-being has been theoretically explored in the realms of an individual's interpersonal relations, life satisfaction, and capacity to reach their full potential. This positive relationship between hope and well-being has continued to be supported in recent literature and has been observed in various populations and amid a worldwide pandemic. Hope predicts increases in well-being in students, children, adolescents, and adults of different ages. This effect is seen across several ethnic groups and clinical populations. In addition, hope plays a mediating role between predictive constructs and well-being outcomes. To expand existing knowledge surrounding hope and its impacts on wellness, it is crucial to continue to diversify our populations of interest when exploring these constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah R Murphy
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston TX, USA.
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Toutant J, Vandenberghe C. The Power of Negative Affect during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Negative Affect Leverages Need Satisfaction to Foster Work Centrality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2379. [PMID: 36767746 PMCID: PMC9915864 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented disruptions in organizations and people's lives by generating uncertainty, anxiety, and isolation for most employees around the globe. Such disruptive context may have prompted employees to reconsider their identification with their work role, defined as work centrality. As such reconsideration may have deep implications, we reasoned that individuals' affective dispositions would influence work centrality across time during the pandemic. Drawing upon the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions and the met expectations underpinnings of negative affectivity, we predicted that positive and negative affect would foster, albeit for different reasons, work centrality. Based on self-determination theory, we further expected the fulfilment of the needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence to enhance the effect of positive and negative affectivity. Based on a three-wave study (N = 379) conducted during the COVID-19 lockdown followed by a reopening of the economy in Canada (i.e., May to July 2020), we found negative affectivity, but not positive affectivity, to drive work centrality over time, and found this effect to be enhanced at high levels of the satisfaction of the needs for autonomy and relatedness. The implications of these results for our understanding of the role of trait affectivity in times of crisis are discussed.
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Shek DTL, Chai WY, Wong T, Zhou K. Stress and depressive symptoms in university students in Hong Kong under the pandemic: Moderating effect of positive psychological attributes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1071938. [PMID: 36777221 PMCID: PMC9908995 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1071938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are very few studies examining the psychological well-being of university students in Hong Kong under the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides COVID-19-related stress, the "social event" in 2019-2020 has caused significant stress in young people. As such, we attempted to answer several research questions in this paper. First, what are the relationships between stresses (COVID-19 and "social event" related stresses) and psychological well-being indexed by depressive symptoms? Based on the stress and coping perspective, we predicted that there would be positive relationships between both types of stress and depression. Second, what are the relationships between different positive psychological factors (including life satisfaction, resilience and emotional management, flourishing, and beliefs about adversity) and depression? Based on different theoretical models of positive psychology, we hypothesized that negative relationships would exist between positive psychological factors and depressive symptoms. Third, do positive psychological attributes moderate the associations between stresses (COVID-19 and "social event" related stresses) and depressive symptoms? Based on the positive psychology literature, we hypothesized that positive psychological attributes would buffer the negative impact of stresses on depression. Methods We recruited university students roughly one year after the first wave of the pandemic (N = 1,648) in early 2021. We used 25 items to measure COVID-19-related stress and "social event" related stress. For psychological well-being indexed by depressive symptoms, we used the "Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R)". For positive psychological attributes, we employed established measures of life satisfaction, resilience and emotional management, flourishing, and beliefs about adversity. Results Regarding the relationship between stress and depression, we found positive relationships between both types of stress and depressive symptoms. As predicted, negative relationships existed between all positive psychological attributes and depressive symptoms. Besides, the positive psychological attributes significantly moderated the effects of stresses on depression, suggesting that these factors can reduce the negative impacts of stresses on depression. The present findings provide support for those models, highlighting the importance of positive psychological attributes as protective factors for university students' depression. Discussion The findings of this study underscore the important role of positive psychological attributes in the stress-depression relationship in university students under the pandemic. The findings also generalize the positive youth development theory in the Chinese context. In terms of practice, university administrators and service providers should consider cultivating positive psychological attributes in university students with the purpose of promoting their psychological well-being.
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Lin Z, Jiang Y. Character strengths, meaning in life, personal goal, and career adaptability among impoverished college students: A chain-mediating model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13232. [PMID: 36785821 PMCID: PMC9918758 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Career adaptability is an important building block for career success. Research on the career adaptability of disadvantaged students is therefore essential. The study aimed to explores the impact mechanism of career adaptability among impoverished students. Methods Using the Character Strengths Questionnaire, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Personal Goal Scale and the Career Adaptability Scale, 1119 impoverished college students were surveyed. Results The results revealed that character strengths can not only positively predict career adaptability, but also indirectly affect career adaptability of impoverished students through the chain mediation meaning in life and personal goal. The results showed the mechanism of character strengths on the career adaptability among impoverished students. Conclusions Our study found that meaning in life along with personal goal can enhance the positive impact of character strengths on career adaptability. These findings have implications for the practice of career counseling for impoverished college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Lin
- College of Normal Education, Longyan University, Longyan, China,School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia,Corresponding author. College of Normal Education, Longyan University, Longyan, China.
| | - Yanqin Jiang
- College of Normal Education, Longyan University, Longyan, China
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Oakes-Cornellissen A, Morton D, Rankin P, Renfrew M. Efficacy of a multimodal lifestyle intervention (The Lift Project) for improving the mental health of individuals with an affective mood disorder living in South Africa. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1127068. [PMID: 36760459 PMCID: PMC9905116 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1127068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Affective disorders are becoming more pervasive worldwide, including in Southern Africa, where treating patients with these conditions is challenging due to social and financial constraints. A variety of non-pharmacological approaches including lifestyle medicine (e.g., exercise, nutrition, sleep) and positive psychology practices (e.g., gratitude, service), are effective for treating mental health (MH) conditions. Methods Twenty-six individuals from South Africa with a diagnosed MH condition participated in a 10-week multimodal intervention incorporating a diverse range of non-pharmacological strategies for improving MH. MH metrics were assessed pre-and post-intervention, including general MH, vitality/energy (VIT), depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life. MH and VIT were also measured weekly. Results Improvements were observed in all mental metrics from pre-to post-intervention: MH (59%, p < 0.001, Cohen's D = 1.36), VIT (110%, p < 0.001, Cohen's D = 1.71), depression (-46%, p < 0.001, Cohen's D = -1.06), anxiety (-48%, p < 0.001, Cohen's D = -1.21), stress (-36%, p < 0.001, Cohen's D = -1.08) and life satisfaction (23%, p < 0.001, Cohen's D = 0.66). Significant improvements in MH and VIT were observed after only 1 week of the intervention and progressively increased until the seventh week, after which further improvements were not statistically significant. Conclusion The findings of this cohort study indicate that a multimodal intervention that incorporates lifestyle and positive psychology practices may benefit individuals living with an affective disorder. Non-pharmacological, multimodal interventions might offer a stigma-free way of providing MH promotion and treatment at a population level.
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Li A, Zhu T. Nonlinear effects of pandemic uncertainty on depression, pandemic preventive behavior intentions, and positive life attitudes: Moderating effects of high and low uncertainty grouping. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1136152. [PMID: 36908427 PMCID: PMC9995966 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds COVID-19 is difficult to end in a short time and people are still facing huge uncertainties. Since people's lives are gradually returning to normal, the sense of control and intolerance of uncertainty, which were mainly focused by past studies, are not specific to COVID-19 and will be more influenced by some factors unrelated to the pandemic. Therefore, they may be difficult to accurately reflect the individuals' perceptions of uncertainty. Besides, past research just after the outbreak mainly investigated people in high levels of uncertainty, we don't know the impact of uncertainties on individuals' psychological states when people gradually recovered their sense of control. To solve these problems, we proposed the concept of "pandemic uncertainty" and investigated its impact on people's daily lives. Methods During October 20, 2021 to October 22, 2021, this study obtained data about uncertainty, depression, positive attitude, pandemic preventive behavior intentions, personality, and social support from 530 subjects using convenient sampling. The subjects were all college students from the Dalian University of Technology and Dalian Vocational and Technical College. According to the distribution of uncertainty, we divided the dataset into high and low groups. Subsequently, by using uncertainty as the independent variable, the grouping variable as the moderating variable, and other variables as the control variables, the moderating effects were analyzed for depression, positive attitude, and pandemic preventive behavior intentions, respectively. Results The results showed that the grouping variable significantly moderate the influence of uncertainty on positive attitude and pandemic preventive behavior intentions but had no significant effect on depression. Simple slope analysis revealed that high grouping uncertainty significantly and positively predicted positive attitude and pandemic preventive behavior intentions, while low grouping effects were not significant. Conclusion These results reveal a nonlinear effect of pandemic uncertainty on the pandemic preventive behavior intentions and positive life attitudes and enlighten us about the nonlinear relationship of psychological characteristics during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Dalian Vocational and Technical College, Dalian, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingshao Zhu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang F, Guo J, Yang G. Study on positive psychology from 1999 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1101157. [PMID: 36935984 PMCID: PMC10015893 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Positive psychology is a revolution in the science of psychology as well as a new milestone in the development of human society. The purpose of the study was to use bibliometrics and visual analysis to assess the current state and trends in positive psychology research. Methods The Web of Science Core Collection was searched for 4,378 papers on positive psychology between 1999 and 2021. The features of positive psychology research were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013, VOSviewer (1.6.17), and CiteSpace (5.8.R1). Results The findings demonstrate a steady growth in positive psychology publications from 1999 to 2021. The United States (1,780) and Harvard University (104), respectively, were the most productive nations and organizations in this subject. Frontiers in Psychology was the most productive journal (288), while the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology had the most co-citations (8,469). Seligman was the most influential author, with 3,350 citations and 5,020 co-citations. The top ten co-cited references, in terms of citation explosion, suggesting that these papers provide the foundation for the growth of this discipline. The systematic review, character strengths, positive psychology intervention, language pleasure, and the COVID-19 pandemic are the focal points of research and development developments in this discipline. Conclusion These findings have helped researchers in positive psychology find new ways to collaborate with partners, hot topics, and research frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Department of Developmental Psychology of Armyman, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Financial Management, Chongqing Business Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Department of Developmental Psychology of Armyman, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Choi KW, Nishimi K, Jha SC, Sampson L, Hahn J, Kang JH, Koenen KC, Kubzansky LD. Pre-pandemic resilience to trauma and mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:453-465. [PMID: 36169684 PMCID: PMC9514982 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The stress-sensitization hypothesis posits that individuals with prior trauma are at elevated risk for poor mental health when faced with subsequent stressors. Little work has examined whether those who have demonstrated psychological resilience to prior trauma would show either increased resilience or vulnerability to subsequent stressors. We examined pre-pandemic psychological resilience to lifetime trauma in relation to mental health outcomes amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a major societal stressor. METHODS The sample included 16,900 trauma-exposed women from the Nurses' Health Study II. Pre-pandemic resilience was defined by psychological health in 2017-2019 (characterized by levels of both distress and positive emotional well-being) relative to lifetime trauma. Resilience was defined categorically by cross-classifying unfavorable, adequate, and favorable psychological health by higher versus lower trauma burden, and continuously as the residual difference in predicted versus actual psychological health regressed on trauma burden. Mental health outcomes as of May-August 2020 included psychological distress symptoms and overall positive emotional well-being. Associations were assessed using covariate-adjusted regression models. RESULTS Pre-pandemic resilience was associated with lower distress and higher well-being early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Relative to the women showing highest resilience (favorable psychological health despite higher trauma), only those with lower trauma and favorable prior psychological health had significantly lower distress and higher positive emotional well-being during the pandemic. Higher continuous pre-pandemic resilience was also significantly associated with lower distress and higher positive emotional well-being during the pandemic. CONCLUSION Preventing mental health problems following trauma may contribute to protecting population well-being amid major stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmel W. Choi
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Psychiatric & Neurodevelopment Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kristen Nishimi
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Shaili C. Jha
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura Sampson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jill Hahn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jae H. Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences and Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
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Jarden RJ, Sandham M, Siegert RJ, Koziol-McLain J. General well-being of intensive care nurses: A prototype analysis. Nurs Crit Care 2023; 28:89-100. [PMID: 34418247 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prototype analyses of well-being have identified central characteristics and prototypicality for New Zealand teachers, lawyers, adolescents, and work well-being of nurses. What has not yet been explored is the broad construct of well-being in intensive care nurses. AIMS To identify intensive care nurses' conceptions of general well-being and investigate whether their general well-being is prototypically organized. DESIGN Prototype analysis. METHODS Three linked studies conceptualize well-being in this prototype analysis. In study 1, nurses reported features of well-being. Study 2 investigated the organization of these features. Study 3 sought confirmation of prototypical organization. RESULTS Sixty-five New Zealand nurses participated. For study 1 (n = 23), the most frequently reported elements of well-being included physical health (n = 26), work-life balance (n = 20), and personal relationships (n = 18). For study 2 (n = 25), the highest rated elements included mental and emotional health, [general] health, work-life balance, and love. Work-life balance, physical health, and personal relationships were in the top five most frequently reported and were rated in the top 12 most central. Overall, ratings of centrality and the number of times reported were positively correlated (r = 0.33, P < .005). For study 3 (n = 17), confirmatory analyses did not reach statistical significance (P = .15). CONCLUSIONS Physical health, work-life balance, and personal relationships are key characteristics of well-being for intensive care nurses. Mental, emotional, and general health and work-life balance were considered most important for well-being. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Physical health, work-life balance, and personal relationships are key characteristics of well-being for intensive care nurses. These characteristics of the broad construct of well-being are helpful in both defining and identifying conceptual models of well-being that may be used to inform the development and measurement of well-being programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Jarden
- Department of Nursing, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret Sandham
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Siegert
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane Koziol-McLain
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand
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Margaça C, Sánchez-García JC, Cardella GM, Hernández-Sánchez BR. The role of spiritual mindset and gender in small business entrepreneurial success. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1082578. [PMID: 36619044 PMCID: PMC9816434 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1082578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spirituality can be understood as a capital based on individual capabilities created by the application of intrinsic spiritual values, in order to use and develop human potential. The literature points out that spiritual capital increasingly influences and motivates entrepreneurs. Methods In this paper, we investigate whether spirituality has a mediating role between psychological resilience, optimism and entrepreneurial success, and verify the gender differences. Our hypotheses are quantitatively tested on a sample of 233 micro and small Portuguese business owners during the pandemic crisis. Results The main findings highlight that, while optimism and psychological resilience present a positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurial success in both genders, spirituality only impacts female entrepreneurial success. Discussion Our study theoretically and empirically shows that the psychological resources and spirituality can be incorporated into new or existing programs designed to provide entrepreneurs with information on coping skills and how to engage in positive reorientation and reappraisal. In so doing, it improves the knowledge of the importance of psychological resources for the micro and small business' recoverability during the pandemic, which is deeply rooted in the entrepreneurial ability to excel during adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Margaça
- University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain,University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,*Correspondence: Clara Margaça, ✉
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Jiao L, Jiang W, Guo Z, Xiao Y, Yu M, Xu Y. Good Personality and Subjective Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study in Chinese Contexts. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 24:589-606. [PMID: 36568473 PMCID: PMC9761042 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have emphasized the importance of examining psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to identify the factors that affect the influence of COVID-19 on people's mental health. The present research was a three-wave longitudinal study (N = 1495) examining the concurrent and prospective relations of good personality with subjective well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results showed that good personality positively predicted the subsequent well-being after controlling for the respective autoregressive effects and Big Five personality traits. Specifically, individuals who scored higher on measures of good personality tended to maintain higher well-being in the face of COVID-19. However, subjective well-being could positively predict subsequent personality only at the first time point. In addition, the prospective effect of good personality on subjective well-being was greater than the reverse effect. These findings support the opinion that as a positive value orientation in personality, good personality has a significant positive impact on the response to the pandemic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Jiao
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengke Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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50
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Feraco T, Casali N, Meneghetti C. Adaptability favors positive academic responses and posttraumatic growth under COVID-19: a longitudinal study with adolescents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9754997 DOI: 10.1007/s10212-022-00667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted an abrupt adoption of online learning worldwide challenging students’ scholastic engagement and their ability to self-regulate their learning. Under these unexpected conditions, adaptability (one’s capacity to adjust thoughts, behaviors, and emotions in new and uncertain situations) might have sustained students to maintain high engagement and find new learning solutions. Students with high adaptability might also interpret COVID-19-related novelty as an opportunity and show higher posttraumatic growth levels. A longitudinal path analysis showed that in a sample of 435 Italian students (11–18 years old), adaptability at Time 1 positively related to engagement, self-regulated learning, and posttraumatic growth at the end of the school year, indirectly favoring academic achievement, through the mediation of engagement and self-regulated learning. These findings highlight the unique role that adaptability could play in supporting students in unexpected and stressful situations. Fostering students’ adaptability could therefore have beneficial effects on their personal growth and academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Feraco
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicole Casali
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Meneghetti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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