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Wang L, Bai Y, Cao Z, Guo Z, Lian Y, Liu P, Zeng Y, Lyu W, Chen Q. Histone deacetylases and inhibitors in diabetes mellitus and its complications. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117010. [PMID: 38941890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, with its prevalence linked to both genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Epigenetic modifications, particularly through histone deacetylases (HDACs), have been recognized for their significant influence on DM pathogenesis. This review focuses on the classification of HDACs, their role in DM and its complications, and the potential therapeutic applications of HDAC inhibitors. HDACs, which modulate gene expression without altering DNA sequences, are categorized into four classes with distinct functions and tissue specificity. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have shown efficacy in various diseases, including DM, by targeting these enzymes. The review highlights how HDACs regulate β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic gluconeogenesis in DM, as well as their impact on diabetic cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Finally, we suggest that targeted histone modification is expected to become a key method for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. The study of HDACi offers insights into new treatment strategies for DM and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610072, PR China; Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Yuning Bai
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Zhengmin Cao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Yanjie Lian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, PR China
| | - Pan Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610072, PR China
| | - Yixian Zeng
- Department of Proctology, Beibei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400799, PR China
| | - Wenliang Lyu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, PR China.
| | - Qiu Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610072, PR China.
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2
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Huang P, Zhu Y, Qin J. Research advances in understanding crosstalk between organs and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39044309 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has increased dramatically worldwide. Being overweight or obese can lead to various conditions, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome (MetS), which may further lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have identified a link between β-cell dysfunction and the severity of MetS, with multiple organs and tissues affected. Identifying the associations between pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and organs is critical. Research has focused on the interaction between the liver, gut and pancreatic β-cells. However, the mechanisms and related core targets are still not perfectly elucidated. The aims of this review were to summarize the mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction and to explore the potential pathogenic pathways and targets that connect the liver, gut, adipose tissue, muscle, and brain to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunling Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Chernysheva МB, Ruchko ЕS, Karimova МV, Vorotelyak ЕA, Vasiliev АV. Development, regeneration, and physiological expansion of functional β-cells: Cellular sources and regulators. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1424278. [PMID: 39045459 PMCID: PMC11263198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1424278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic regeneration is a complex process observed in both normal and pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the emergence of a functionally active population of insulin-secreting β-cells in the adult pancreas. The renewal of β-cells is governed by a multifaceted interaction between cellular sources of genetic and epigenetic factors. Understanding the development and heterogeneity of β-cell populations is crucial for functional β-cell regeneration. The functional mass of pancreatic β-cells increases in situations such as pregnancy and obesity. However, the specific markers of mature β-cell populations and postnatal pancreatic progenitors capable of increasing self-reproduction in these conditions remain to be elucidated. The capacity to regenerate the β-cell population through various pathways, including the proliferation of pre-existing β-cells, β-cell neogenesis, differentiation of β-cells from a population of progenitor cells, and transdifferentiation of non-β-cells into β-cells, reveals crucial molecular mechanisms for identifying cellular sources and inducers of functional cell renewal. This provides an opportunity to identify specific cellular sources and mechanisms of regeneration, which could have clinical applications in treating various pathologies, including in vitro cell-based technologies, and deepen our understanding of regeneration in different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- М. B. Chernysheva
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Е. S. Ruchko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - М. V. Karimova
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, The Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Е. A. Vorotelyak
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - А. V. Vasiliev
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Ampofo E, Pack M, Wrublewsky S, Boewe AS, Spigelman AF, Koch H, MacDonald PE, Laschke MW, Montenarh M, Götz C. CK2 activity is crucial for proper glucagon expression. Diabetologia 2024; 67:1368-1385. [PMID: 38503901 PMCID: PMC11153270 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Protein kinase CK2 acts as a negative regulator of insulin expression in pancreatic beta cells. This action is mainly mediated by phosphorylation of the transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox protein 1 (PDX1). In pancreatic alpha cells, PDX1 acts in a reciprocal fashion on glucagon (GCG) expression. Therefore, we hypothesised that CK2 might positively regulate GCG expression in pancreatic alpha cells. METHODS We suppressed CK2 kinase activity in αTC1 cells by two pharmacological inhibitors and by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Subsequently, we analysed GCG expression and secretion by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, luciferase assay, ELISA and DNA pull-down assays. We additionally studied paracrine effects on GCG secretion in pseudoislets, isolated murine islets and human islets. In vivo, we examined the effect of CK2 inhibition on blood glucose levels by systemic and alpha cell-specific CK2 inhibition. RESULTS We found that CK2 downregulation reduces GCG secretion in the murine alpha cell line αTC1 (e.g. from 1094±124 ng/l to 459±110 ng/l) by the use of the CK2-inhibitor SGC-CK2-1. This was due to a marked decrease in Gcg gene expression through alteration of the binding of paired box protein 6 (PAX6) and transcription factor MafB to the Gcg promoter. The analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that both transcription factors are displaced by PDX1. Ex vivo experiments in isolated murine islets and pseudoislets further demonstrated that CK2-mediated reduction in GCG secretion was only slightly affected by the higher insulin secretion after CK2 inhibition. The kidney capsule transplantation model showed the significance of CK2 for GCG expression and secretion in vivo. Finally, CK2 downregulation also reduced the GCG secretion in islets isolated from humans. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These novel findings not only indicate an important function of protein kinase CK2 for proper GCG expression but also demonstrate that CK2 may be a promising target for the development of novel glucose-lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Pack
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Selina Wrublewsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anne S Boewe
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hanna Koch
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Montenarh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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5
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Beyer ASL, Kaemmerer D, Sänger J, Lupp A. Expression of FAM159B in Humans, Rats, and Mice: A Cross-species Examination. J Histochem Cytochem 2024:221554241262368. [PMID: 38907656 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241262368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the adaptor protein FAM159B. To determine whether FAM159B expression findings in rats or mice can be extrapolated to humans, we compared FAM159B expression in healthy tissue samples from all three species using immunohistochemistry. Despite variations in expression intensity, similar FAM159B expression patterns were observed in most organs across species. The most prominent species difference was noted in pancreatic islets; while FAM159B expression was limited to single cells on the outer edges in mice and rats, it was detectable across entire islets in humans. Double-labeling immunohistochemistry revealed partial overlap of FAM159B expression with that of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin in human islets. By contrast, FAM159B showed complete colocalization with only somatostatin in rats and mice. An additional analysis of FAM159B expression in lean and obese Zucker rats revealed larger islet areas due to increased β-cell mass in obese rats, which was accompanied by a smaller percentage of FAM159B-positive δ-cells per islet area. Beyond the known differences in islet architecture across species, our results point to larger dissimilarities in blood glucose regulation between rodents and humans than generally assumed. Moreover, findings regarding FAM159B expression (and function) cannot be directly transferred between rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Kaemmerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Jörg Sänger
- Laboratory of Pathology and Cytology Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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6
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Fuyuki A, Sohel MSH, Homma T, Kitamura K, Takashima S, Onouchi S, Saito S. Selective prosaposin expression in Langerhans islets of the mouse pancreas. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102367. [PMID: 38537378 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
The islets of Langerhans are clusters of endocrine cells surrounded by exocrine acinar cells in the pancreas. Prosaposin is a housekeeping protein required for normal lysosomal function, but its expression level is significantly different among tissues. Prosaposin also exists in various body fluids including serum. Intracellularly, prosaposin activates lysosomes and may support autophagy, and extracellularly, prosaposin promotes survival of neurons via G protein-coupled receptors. In this study, prosaposin and its mRNA expression were examined in endocrine cells of the islets as well as in exocrine acinar cells in the pancreas of mice by in situ hybridization and immunostaining. High expression levels of prosaposin were found in Alpha, Beta and Delta cells in the islets, whereas prosaposin mRNA expression was faint or negative and prosaposin immunoreactivity was negative in exocrine acinar cells. The high expression levels of prosaposin in endocrine cells may indicate that prosaposin plays a crucial role in crinophagy, which is a characteristic autophagy in peptide-secreting endocrine cells, and/or that prosaposin is secreted from pancreatic islets. Since prosaposin has been reported in serum, this study suggests a new possible function of the Langerhans islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Fuyuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Md Shahriar Hasan Sohel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takeshi Homma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kai Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sawa Onouchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shouichiro Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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7
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Tansi FL, Schrepper A, Schwarzer M, Teichgräber U, Hilger I. Identifying the Morphological and Molecular Features of a Cell-Based Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model during Growth over Time. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5619. [PMID: 38891809 PMCID: PMC11171605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), characterized by hypovascularity, hypoxia, and desmoplastic stroma is one of the deadliest malignancies in humans, with a 5-year survival rate of only 7%. The anatomical location of the pancreas and lack of symptoms in patients with early onset of disease accounts for late diagnosis. Consequently, 85% of patients present with non-resectable, locally advanced, or advanced metastatic disease at diagnosis and rely on alternative therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and others. The response to these therapies highly depends on the stage of disease at the start of therapy. It is, therefore, vital to consider the stages of PDAC models in preclinical studies when testing new therapeutics and treatment modalities. We report a standardized induction of cell-based orthotopic pancreatic cancer models in mice and the identification of vital features of their progression by ultrasound imaging and histological analysis of the level of pancreatic stellate cells, mature fibroblasts, and collagen. The results highlight that early-stage primary tumors are secluded in the pancreas and advance towards infiltrating the omentum at week 5-7 post implantation of the BxPC-3 and Panc-1 models investigated. Late stages show extensive growth, the infiltration of the omentum and/or stomach wall, metastases, augmented fibroblasts, and collagen levels. The findings can serve as suggestions for defining growth parameter-based stages of orthotopic pancreatic cancer models for the preclinical testing of drug efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felista L. Tansi
- Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrepper
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Ulf Teichgräber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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8
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Li Y, Gao J, Li Y, Duan X, Shen C. Non-specific uptake of 18F-FAPI-04 in the pancreas and its related factors: a post-hoc analysis of an ongoing prospective clinical trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11141. [PMID: 38750103 PMCID: PMC11096165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the non-specific uptake (NSU) of 18F-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (18F-FAPI) of the pancreas and investigate the related factors. Totally, 78 patients who underwent both 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-FAPI PET/CT examinations were divided into normal (n = 53) and NSU (n = 25) groups. The differences in general information, medical history, laboratory indexes and uptake were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the optimal cut-off values. The correlations between 18F-FAPI-SUVmax and blood cell analysis, liver function indexes, tumor markers, and inflammatory indices were analyzed. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the independent factors. Both 18F-FAPI (4.48 ± 0.98 vs. 2.01 ± 0.53, t = 11.718, P < 0.05) and 18F-FDG (2.23 ± 0.42 vs. 2.02 ± 0.44, t = 2.036, P = 0.045) showed significantly higher in NSU group. Patients in the NSU group tended to be complicated with a history of drinking (P = 0.034), chronic liver diseases (P = 0.006), and surgery of gastrectomy (P = 0.004). ROC analysis showed cutoff values of 3.25 and 2.05 for 18F-FAPI and 18F-FDG in identifying the NSU. Patients in the NSU group showed less platelet count, higher platelet volume, higher total bilirubin, direct or indirect bilirubin (P < 0.05). Platelet count, platelet crit, large platelet ratio, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), α-L-fucosidase, and total, direct or indirect bilirubin were correlated with 18F-FAPI-SUVmax (P < 0.05). AST [1.099 (1.014, 1.192), P = 0.021] and total bilirubin [1.137 (1.035, 1.249), P = 0.007] were two independent factors in the step forward logistic regression, and platelet/% [1.079 (1.004, 1.160), P = 0.039] and total bilirubin [1.459 (1.016, 2.095), P = 0.041] were two independent factors in the step backward logistic regression for the prediction of pancreatic uptake of 18F-FAPI. 18F-FAPI-PET/CT was better than 18F-FDG in predicting the pancreatic NSU, and NSU is related to a history of drinking, chronic liver diseases, gastrectomy, heteromorphic platelet, and impaired liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of PET/CT, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jungang Gao
- Department of PET/CT, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of PET/CT, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyi Duan
- Department of PET/CT, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of PET/CT, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Tanner AR, Kennedy VC, Lynch CS, Winger QA, Anthony RV, Rozance PJ. Increasing maternal glucose concentrations is insufficient to restore placental glucose transfer in chorionic somatomammotropin RNA interference pregnancies. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E602-E615. [PMID: 38353640 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00331.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated impaired placental nutrient transfer in chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH) RNA interference (RNAi) pregnancies, with glucose transfer being the most impacted. Thus, we hypothesized that despite experimentally elevating maternal glucose, diminished umbilical glucose uptake would persist in CSH RNAi pregnancies, demonstrating the necessity of CSH for adequate placental glucose transfer. Trophectoderm of sheep blastocysts (9 days of gestational age; dGA) were infected with a lentivirus expressing either nontargeting control (CON RNAi; n = 5) or CSH-specific shRNA (CSH RNAi; n = 7) before transfer into recipient sheep. At 126 dGA, pregnancies were fitted with vascular catheters and underwent steady-state metabolic studies (3H2O transplacental diffusion) at 137 ± 0 dGA, before and during a maternal hyperglycemic clamp. Umbilical glucose and oxygen uptakes, as well as insulin and IGF1 concentrations, were impaired (P ≤ 0.01) in CSH RNAi fetuses and were not rescued by elevated maternal glucose. This is partially due to impaired uterine and umbilical blood flow (P ≤ 0.01). However, uteroplacental oxygen utilization was greater (P ≤ 0.05) during the maternal hyperglycemic clamp, consistent with greater placental oxidation of substrates. The relationship between umbilical glucose uptake and the maternal-fetal glucose gradient was analyzed, and while the slope (CON RNAi, Y = 29.54X +74.15; CSH RNAi, Y = 19.05X + 52.40) was not different, the y-intercepts and elevation were (P = 0.003), indicating reduced maximal glucose transport during maternal hyperglycemia. Together, these data suggested that CSH plays a key role in modulating placental metabolism that ultimately promotes maximal placental glucose transfer.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current study demonstrated a novel, critical autocrine role for chorionic somatomammotropin in augmenting placental glucose transfer and maintaining placental oxidative metabolism. In pregnancies with CSH deficiency, excess glucose in maternal circulation is insufficient to overcome fetal hypoglycemia due to impaired placental glucose transfer and elevated placental metabolic demands. This suggests that perturbations in glucose transfer in CSH RNAi pregnancies are due to compromised metabolic efficiency along with reduced placental mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia R Tanner
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
- Perinatal Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Victoria C Kennedy
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Cameron S Lynch
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Quinton A Winger
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Russell V Anthony
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Paul J Rozance
- Perinatal Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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10
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Fernandes‐da‐Silva A, Miranda RA, Lisboa PC, Souza‐Mello V. Revisiting pancreatic islet isolation in murine models: A practical and effective technical protocol. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16040. [PMID: 38725080 PMCID: PMC11082087 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocrine pancreas is composed of clusters of cell groups called pancreatic islets. These cells are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of hormones crucial for glycemic homeostasis, such as insulin and glucagon. Therefore, these cells were the targets of many studies. One method to study and/or understand endocrine pancreatic physiology is the isolation of these islets and stimulation of hormone production using different concentrations of glucose, agonists, and/or antagonists of specific secretagogues and mimicking the stimulation of hormonal synthesis and secretion. Many researchers studied pancreatic physiology in murine models due to their ease of maintenance and rapid development. However, the isolation of pancreatic islets involves meticulous processes that may vary between rodent species. The present study describes a simple and effective technical protocol for isolating intact islets from mice and rats for use as a practical guide for researchers. The method involves digestion of the acinar parenchyma by intraductal collagenase. Isolated islets are suitable for in vitro endocrine secretion analyses, microscopy techniques, and biochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fernandes‐da‐Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara GomesState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara GomesState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Patricia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara GomesState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Vanessa Souza‐Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara GomesState University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
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11
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Holmberg SR, Sakamoto Y, Kato A, Romero MF. The role of Na +-coupled bicarbonate transporters (NCBT) in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:479-503. [PMID: 38536494 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cellular and organism survival depends upon the regulation of pH, which is regulated by highly specialized cell membrane transporters, the solute carriers (SLC) (For a comprehensive list of the solute carrier family members, see: https://www.bioparadigms.org/slc/ ). The SLC4 family of bicarbonate (HCO3-) transporters consists of ten members, sorted by their coupling to either sodium (NBCe1, NBCe2, NBCn1, NBCn2, NDCBE), chloride (AE1, AE2, AE3), or borate (BTR1). The ionic coupling of SLC4A9 (AE4) remains controversial. These SLC4 bicarbonate transporters may be controlled by cellular ionic gradients, cellular membrane voltage, and signaling molecules to maintain critical cellular and systemic pH (acid-base) balance. There are profound consequences when blood pH deviates even a small amount outside the normal range (7.35-7.45). Chiefly, Na+-coupled bicarbonate transporters (NCBT) control intracellular pH in nearly every living cell, maintaining the biological pH required for life. Additionally, NCBTs have important roles to regulate cell volume and maintain salt balance as well as absorption and secretion of acid-base equivalents. Due to their varied tissue expression, NCBTs have roles in pathophysiology, which become apparent in physiologic responses when their expression is reduced or genetically deleted. Variations in physiological pH are seen in a wide variety of conditions, from canonically acid-base related conditions to pathologies not necessarily associated with acid-base dysfunction such as cancer, glaucoma, or various neurological diseases. The membranous location of the SLC4 transporters as well as recent advances in discovering their structural biology makes them accessible and attractive as a druggable target in a disease context. The role of sodium-coupled bicarbonate transporters in such a large array of conditions illustrates the potential of treating a wide range of disease states by modifying function of these transporters, whether that be through inhibition or enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R Holmberg
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yohei Sakamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-Ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-Ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Michael F Romero
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Mohanan A, Biju P, V B, V G. Unraveling Proto-Oncogene (ErbB2) Expression in Patients With Carcinoma Head of Pancreas and Chronic Pancreatitis Patients: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e54859. [PMID: 38533139 PMCID: PMC10964396 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The pre-malignant tendency of the normal, non-affected portion of the pancreas is not as well explored as the multicentricity documented in pancreatic cancer cases. In order to ascertain the expression of inflammatory markers and Erythroblastic Oncogene B (ErbB2) in the non-affected pancreas in patients with pancreatic cancer, a case-control study was carried out. Materials and methods In patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer (PC), pro-inflammatory genes and a tumor marker, erythroblastic oncogene 2 (ErbB2) in the epidermal growth factor receptor family were analyzed in the pancreatic tissue at the cut surface of the normal pancreas using qRT-PCR. Twenty patients diagnosed with Chronic pancreatitis (CP) after Frey's surgical procedure were selected, and their pancreatic tissues were analyzed as controls. The HPLC-purified primers were designed using National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) software. The primer's specificity was verified for gene expression analysis using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The genes under study were normalized using β-actin as the housekeeping gene, and the 2-ddct method was used to compute the fold change compared to the control sample. Results Patients with margin-positive were not included. Pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, NF-kβ, and COX-2) had significantly lower foldchange in PC patients compared to the CP group. The CP control group had higher levels of IL-6 gene expression than the PC group. Patients with pancreatic cancer had a considerably higher expression of the ErbB2 gene than patients with CP. Conclusion The upregulated ErbB2 gene in the unaffected pancreatic tissue of pancreatic cancer patients, when compared to controls, indicates that the remaining pancreas may have the capacity to cause cancer. Proto-oncogene may play a role in the pathophysiologic process in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhina Mohanan
- Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Pottakkat Biju
- Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Balasubramaniyan V
- Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Gladwin V
- Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, IND
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Sallam NG, Boraie NA, Sheta E, El-Habashy SE. Targeted delivery of genistein for pancreatic cancer treatment using hyaluronic-coated cubosomes bioactivated with frankincense oil. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123637. [PMID: 38008234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy that remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Research for innovative anticancer therapeutic options is thus imperative. In this regard, phytotherapeutics offer great promise as efficient treatment modalities, especially leveraging nanodrug delivery. Herein, we innovatively coloaded the flavonoid genistein (Gen) and frankincense essential oil (FO) within cubosomes, which were then coated with the bioactive ligand hyaluronic acid (HA/Gen-FO-Cub) for active-targeting of pancreatic cancer. The novel HA/Gen-FO-Cub displayed optimum nanosize (198.2 ± 4.5 nm), PDI (0.27 ± 0.01), zeta-potential (-34.7 ± 1.2 mV), Gen entrapment (99.3 ± 0.01 %), and controlled Gen release (43.7 ± 1.2 % after 120 h). HA/Gen-FO-Cub exerted selective anticancer activity on pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1; 8-fold drop in IC50), cellular uptake and anti-migratory effect compared to Gen solution. HA/Gen-FO-Cub revealed prominent cytocompatibility (100 ± 5.9 % viability of human dermal fibroblast). Moreover, HA/Gen-FO-Cub boosted the in vivo anticancer activity of Gen in an orthotopic cancer model, affording tumor growth suppression (2.5-fold drop) and downregulation of NFκB and VEGF (2.9- and 1.8-fold decrease, respectively), compared to Gen suspension. Antimetastatic efficacy and Bcl-2-downexpression was histologically confirmed. Our findings demonstrate the promising anticancer aptitude of HA/Gen-FO-Cub as an effective phytotherapeutic nanodelivery system for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan G Sallam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Nabila A Boraie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Salma E El-Habashy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
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Coppola A, Grasso D, Fontana F, Piacentino F, Minici R, Laganà D, Ierardi AM, Carrafiello G, D’Angelo F, Carcano G, Venturini M. Innovative Experimental Ultrasound and US-Related Techniques Using the Murine Model in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7677. [PMID: 38137745 PMCID: PMC10743777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a cancer with one of the highest mortality rates in the world. Several studies have been conductedusing preclinical experiments in mice to find new therapeutic strategies. Experimental ultrasound, in expert hands, is a safe, multifaceted, and relatively not-expensive device that helps researchers in several ways. In this systematic review, we propose a summary of the applications of ultrasonography in a preclinical mouse model of PDAC. Eighty-eight studies met our inclusion criteria. The included studies could be divided into seven main topics: ultrasound in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and progression (n: 21); dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) (n: 5); microbubble ultra-sound-mediated drug delivery; focused ultrasound (n: 23); sonodynamic therapy (SDT) (n: 7); harmonic motion elastography (HME) and shear wave elastography (SWE) (n: 6); ultrasound-guided procedures (n: 9). In six cases, the articles fit into two or more sections. In conclusion, ultrasound can be a really useful, eclectic, and ductile tool in different diagnostic areas, not only regarding diagnosis but also in therapy, pharmacological and interventional treatment, and follow-up. All these multiple possibilities of use certainly represent a good starting point for the effective and wide use of murine ultrasonography in the study and comprehensive evaluation of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Coppola
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, Circolo Hospital, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy (M.V.)
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Dario Grasso
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, Circolo Hospital, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy (M.V.)
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, Circolo Hospital, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy (M.V.)
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Filippo Piacentino
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, Circolo Hospital, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy (M.V.)
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto Minici
- Radiology Unit, Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.)
| | - Domenico Laganà
- Radiology Unit, Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ierardi
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabio D’Angelo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Orthopedic Surgery Unit, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giulio Carcano
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, Circolo Hospital, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy (M.V.)
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Li Y, Huang J, Chen Y, Zhu S, Huang Z, Yang L, Li G. Nerve function restoration following targeted muscle reinnervation after varying delayed periods. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2762-2766. [PMID: 37449642 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted muscle reinnervation has been proposed for reconstruction of neuromuscular function in amputees. However, it is unknown whether performing delayed targeted muscle reinnervation after nerve injury will affect restoration of function. In this rat nerve injury study, the median and musculocutaneous nerves of the forelimb were transected. The proximal median nerve stump was sutured to the distal musculocutaneous nerve stump immediately and 2 and 4 weeks after surgery to reinnervate the biceps brachii. After targeted muscle reinnervation, intramuscular myoelectric signals from the biceps brachii were recorded. Signal amplitude gradually increased with time. Biceps brachii myoelectric signals and muscle fiber morphology and grooming behavior did not significantly differ among rats subjected to delayed target muscle innervation for different periods. Targeted muscle reinnervation delayed for 4 weeks can acquire the same nerve function restoration effect as that of immediate reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems and Branch of Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiangping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems and Branch of Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yibin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yibin, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems and Branch of Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yibin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yibin, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems and Branch of Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems and Branch of Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Damiana TST, Paraïso P, de Ridder C, Stuurman D, Seimbille Y, Dalm SU. Side-by-side comparison of the two widely studied GRPR radiotracers, radiolabeled NeoB and RM2, in a preclinical setting. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3851-3861. [PMID: 37584725 PMCID: PMC10611828 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NeoB and RM2 are the most investigated gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-targeting radiotracers in preclinical and clinical studies. Therefore, an extensive side-by-side comparison of the two radiotracers is valuable to demonstrate whether one has advantages over the other. Accordingly, this study aims to compare the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of radiolabeled NeoB and RM2 to guide future clinical studies. METHOD The stability of the radiolabeled GRPR analogs was determined in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and commercially available mouse and human serum. Target affinity was determined by incubating human prostate cancer PC-3 cells with [177Lu]Lu-NeoB or [177Lu]Lu-RM2, + / - increasing concentrations of unlabeled NeoB, RM2, or Tyr4-bombesin (BBN). To determine uptake and specificity cells were incubated with [177Lu]Lu-NeoB or [177Lu]Lu-RM2 + / - Tyr4-BBN. Moreover, in vivo studies were performed to determine biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. Finally, radiotracer binding to various GRPR-expressing human cancer tissues was investigated. RESULTS Both radiotracers demonstrated high stability in PBS and human serum, but stability in mouse serum decreased substantially over time. Moreover, both radiotracers demonstrated high GRPR affinity and specificity, but a higher uptake of [177Lu]Lu-NeoB was observed in in vitro studies. In vivo, no difference in tumor uptake was seen. The most prominent difference in uptake in physiological organs was observed in the GRPR-expressing pancreas; [177Lu]Lu-RM2 had less pancreatic uptake and a shorter pancreatic half-life than [177Lu]Lu-NeoB. Furthermore, [177Lu]Lu-RM2 presented with a lower tumor-to-kidney ratio, while the tumor-to-blood ratio was lower for [177Lu]Lu-NeoB. The autoradiography studies revealed higher binding of radiolabeled NeoB to all human tumor tissues. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, we conclude that the in vivo tumor-targeting capability of radiolabeled NeoB and RM2 is similar. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the differences observed in physiological organ uptakes, i.e., the pancreas, kidneys, and blood, result in relevant differences in organ absorbed doses when the radiotracers are applied for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S T Damiana
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Paraïso
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C de Ridder
- Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Stuurman
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Seimbille
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S U Dalm
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Aggarwal M, Striegel DA, Hara M, Periwal V. Geometric and topological characterization of the cytoarchitecture of islets of Langerhans. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011617. [PMID: 37943957 PMCID: PMC10662755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The islets of Langerhans are critical endocrine micro-organs that secrete hormones regulating energy metabolism in animals. Insulin and glucagon, secreted by beta and alpha cells, respectively, are responsible for metabolic switching between fat and glucose utilization. Dysfunction in their secretion and/or counter-regulatory influence leads to diabetes. Debate in the field centers on the cytoarchitecture of islets, as the signaling that governs hormonal secretion depends on structural and functional factors, including electrical connectivity, innervation, vascularization, and physical proximity. Much effort has therefore been devoted to elucidating which architectural features are significant for function and how derangements in these features are correlated or causative for dysfunction, especially using quantitative network science or graph theory characterizations. Here, we ask if there are non-local features in islet cytoarchitecture, going beyond standard network statistics, that are relevant to islet function. An example is ring structures, or cycles, of α and δ cells surrounding β cell clusters or the opposite, β cells surrounding α and δ cells. These could appear in two-dimensional islet section images if a sphere consisting of one cell type surrounds a cluster of another cell type. To address these issues, we developed two independent computational approaches, geometric and topological, for such characterizations. For the latter, we introduce an application of topological data analysis to determine locations of topological features that are biologically significant. We show that both approaches, applied to a large collection of islet sections, are in complete agreement in the context both of developmental and diabetes-related changes in islet characteristics. The topological approach can be applied to three-dimensional imaging data for islets as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Aggarwal
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Striegel
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Manami Hara
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vipul Periwal
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Skelin Klemen M, Kopecky J, Dolenšek J, Stožer A. Human Beta Cell Functional Adaptation and Dysfunction in Insulin Resistance and Its Reversibility. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 148:78-84. [PMID: 37883937 PMCID: PMC10860743 DOI: 10.1159/000534667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta cells play a key role in the pathophysiology of diabetes since their functional adaptation is able to maintain euglycemia in the face of insulin resistance, and beta cell decompensation or dysfunction is a necessary condition for full-blown type 2 diabetes (T2D). The mechanisms behind compensation and decompensation are incompletely understood, especially for human beta cells, and even less is known about influences of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or immunosupressive therapy after transplantation on these processes and the development of posttransplant diabetes. SUMMARY During compensation, beta cell sensitivity to glucose becomes left-shifted, i.e., their sensitivity to stimulation increases, and this is accompanied by enhanced signals along the stimulus-secretion coupling cascade from membrane depolarization to intracellular calcium and the most distal insulin secretion dynamics. There is currently no clear evidence regarding changes in intercellular coupling during this stage of disease progression. During decompensation, intracellular stimulus-secretion coupling remains enhanced to some extent at low or basal glucose concentrations but seems to become unable to generate effective signals to stimulate insulin secretion at high or otherwise stimulatory glucose concentrations. Additionally, intercellular coupling becomes disrupted, lowering the number of cells that contribute to secretion. During progression of CKD, beta cells also seem to drift from a compensatory left-shift to failure, and immunosupressants can further impair beta cell function following kidney transplantation. KEY MESSAGES Beta cell stimulus-secretion coupling is enhanced in compensated insulin resistance. With worsening insulin resistance, both intra- and intercellular coupling become disrupted. CKD can progressively disrupt beta cell function, but further studies are needed, especially regarding changes in intercellular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Skelin Klemen
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia,
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Minati MA, Fages A, Dauguet N, Zhu J, Jacquemin P. Optimized nucleus isolation protocol from frozen mouse tissues for single nucleus RNA sequencing application. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1243863. [PMID: 37842081 PMCID: PMC10575574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1243863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The single cell RNA sequencing technique has been particularly used during the last years, allowing major discoveries. However, the widespread application of this analysis has showed limitations. Indeed, the direct study of fresh tissues is not always feasible, notably in the case of genetically engineered mouse embryo or sensitive tissues whose integrity is affected by classical digestion methods. To overcome these limitations, single nucleus RNA sequencing offers the possibility to work with frozen samples. Thus, single nucleus RNA sequencing can be performed after genotyping-based selection on samples stocked in tissue bank and is applicable to retrospective studies. Therefore, this technique opens the field to a wide range of applications requiring adapted protocols for nucleus isolation according to the tissue considered. Here we developed a protocol of nucleus isolation from frozen murine placenta and pancreas. These two complex tissues were submitted to a combination of enzymatic and manual dissociation before undergoing different steps of washing and centrifugation. The entire protocol was performed with products usually present in a research lab. Before starting the sequencing process, nuclei were sorted by flow cytometry. The results obtained validate the efficiency of this protocol which is easy to set up and does not require the use of commercial kits. This specificity makes it adaptable to different organs and species. The association of this protocol with single nucleus RNA sequencing allows the study of complex samples that resist classical lysis methods due to the presence of fibrotic or fatty tissue, such as fibrotic kidney, tumors, embryonic tissues or fatty pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angeline Fages
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauguet
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Facility (CYTF), de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Jacquemin
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Pettway YD, Saunders DC, Brissova M. The human α cell in health and disease. J Endocrinol 2023; 258:e220298. [PMID: 37114672 PMCID: PMC10428003 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In commemoration of 100 years since the discovery of glucagon, we review current knowledge about the human α cell. Alpha cells make up 30-40% of human islet endocrine cells and play a major role in regulating whole-body glucose homeostasis, largely through the direct actions of their main secretory product - glucagon - on peripheral organs. Additionally, glucagon and other secretory products of α cells, namely acetylcholine, glutamate, and glucagon-like peptide-1, have been shown to play an indirect role in the modulation of glucose homeostasis through autocrine and paracrine interactions within the islet. Studies of glucagon's role as a counterregulatory hormone have revealed additional important functions of the α cell, including the regulation of multiple aspects of energy metabolism outside that of glucose. At the molecular level, human α cells are defined by the expression of conserved islet-enriched transcription factors and various enriched signature genes, many of which have currently unknown cellular functions. Despite these common threads, notable heterogeneity exists amongst human α cell gene expression and function. Even greater differences are noted at the inter-species level, underscoring the importance of further study of α cell physiology in the human context. Finally, studies on α cell morphology and function in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as other forms of metabolic stress, reveal a key contribution of α cell dysfunction to dysregulated glucose homeostasis in disease pathogenesis, making targeting the α cell an important focus for improving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasminye D. Pettway
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Diane C. Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
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Sugawara H, Imai J, Yamamoto J, Izumi T, Kawana Y, Endo A, Kohata M, Seike J, Kubo H, Komamura H, Munakata Y, Asai Y, Hosaka S, Sawada S, Kodama S, Takahashi K, Kaneko K, Katagiri H. A highly sensitive strategy for monitoring real-time proliferation of targeted cell types in vivo. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3253. [PMID: 37316473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation processes play pivotal roles in timely adaptation to many biological situations. Herein, we establish a highly sensitive and simple strategy by which time-series showing the proliferation of a targeted cell type can be quantitatively monitored in vivo in the same individuals. We generate mice expressing a secreted type of luciferase only in cells producing Cre under the control of the Ki67 promoter. Crossing these with tissue-specific Cre-expressing mice allows us to monitor the proliferation time course of pancreatic β-cells, which are few in number and weakly proliferative, by measuring plasma luciferase activity. Physiological time courses, during obesity development, pregnancy and juvenile growth, as well as diurnal variation, of β-cell proliferation, are clearly detected. Moreover, this strategy can be utilized for highly sensitive ex vivo screening for proliferative factors for targeted cells. Thus, these technologies may contribute to advancements in broad areas of biological and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Sugawara
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junta Imai
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Junpei Yamamoto
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohito Izumi
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawana
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Endo
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Kohata
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junro Seike
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haremaru Kubo
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Komamura
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Munakata
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Asai
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hosaka
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Kodama
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keizo Kaneko
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Katagiri
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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22
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Aldous N, Moin ASM, Abdelalim EM. Pancreatic β-cell heterogeneity in adult human islets and stem cell-derived islets. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:176. [PMID: 37270452 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies reported that pancreatic β-cells are heterogeneous in terms of their transcriptional profiles and their abilities for insulin secretion. Sub-populations of pancreatic β-cells have been identified based on the functionality and expression of specific surface markers. Under diabetes condition, β-cell identity is altered leading to different β-cell sub-populations. Furthermore, cell-cell contact between β-cells and other endocrine cells within the islet play an important role in regulating insulin secretion. This highlights the significance of generating a cell product derived from stem cells containing β-cells along with other major islet cells for treating patients with diabetes, instead of transplanting a purified population of β-cells. Another key question is how close in terms of heterogeneity are the islet cells derived from stem cells? In this review, we summarize the heterogeneity in islet cells of the adult pancreas and those generated from stem cells. In addition, we highlight the significance of this heterogeneity in health and disease conditions and how this can be used to design a stem cell-derived product for diabetes cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Aldous
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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23
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Giarrizzo M, LaComb JF, Bialkowska AB. The Role of Krüppel-like Factors in Pancreatic Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108589. [PMID: 37239940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors with three highly conserved zinc finger domains in the C-terminus. They regulate homeostasis, development, and disease progression in many tissues. It has been shown that KLFs play an essential role in the endocrine and exocrine compartments of the pancreas. They are necessary to maintain glucose homeostasis and have been implicated in the development of diabetes. Furthermore, they can be a vital tool in enabling pancreas regeneration and disease modeling. Finally, the KLF family contains proteins that act as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. A subset of members has a biphasic function, being upregulated in the early stages of oncogenesis and stimulating its progression and downregulated in the late stages to allow for tumor dissemination. Here, we describe KLFs' function in pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giarrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joseph F LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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24
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Woeste MR, Shrestha R, Geller AE, Li S, Montoya-Durango D, Ding C, Hu X, Li H, Puckett A, Mitchell RA, Hayat T, Tan M, Li Y, McMasters KM, Martin RCG, Yan J. Irreversible electroporation augments β-glucan induced trained innate immunity for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006221. [PMID: 37072351 PMCID: PMC10124260 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a challenging diagnosis that is yet to benefit from the advancements in immuno-oncologic treatments. Irreversible electroporation (IRE), a non-thermal method of tumor ablation, is used in treatment of select patients with locally-advanced unresectable PC and has potentiated the effect of certain immunotherapies. Yeast-derived particulate β-glucan induces trained innate immunity and successfully reduces murine PC tumor burden. This study tests the hypothesis that IRE may augment β-glucan induced trained immunity in the treatment of PC. METHODS β-Glucan-trained pancreatic myeloid cells were evaluated ex vivo for trained responses and antitumor function after exposure to ablated and unablated tumor-conditioned media. β-Glucan and IRE combination therapy was tested in an orthotopic murine PC model in wild-type and Rag-/- mice. Tumor immune phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry. Effect of oral β-glucan in the murine pancreas was evaluated and used in combination with IRE to treat PC. The peripheral blood of patients with PC taking oral β-glucan after IRE was evaluated by mass cytometry. RESULTS IRE-ablated tumor cells elicited a potent trained response ex vivo and augmented antitumor functionality. In vivo, β-glucan in combination with IRE reduced local and distant tumor burden prolonging survival in a murine orthotopic PC model. This combination augmented immune cell infiltration to the PC tumor microenvironment and potentiated the trained response from tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. The antitumor effect of this dual therapy occurred independent of the adaptive immune response. Further, orally administered β-glucan was identified as an alternative route to induce trained immunity in the murine pancreas and prolonged PC survival in combination with IRE. β-Glucan in vitro treatment also induced trained immunity in peripheral blood monocytes obtained from patients with treatment-naïve PC. Finally, orally administered β-glucan was found to significantly alter the innate cell landscape within the peripheral blood of five patients with stage III locally-advanced PC who had undergone IRE. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight a relevant and novel application of trained immunity within the setting of surgical ablation that may stand to benefit patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Woeste
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rejeena Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anne E Geller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shu Li
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Diego Montoya-Durango
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chuanlin Ding
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Functional Immunomics Core, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aaron Puckett
- Functional Immunomics Core, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Traci Hayat
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Min Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kelly M McMasters
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert C G Martin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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25
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Halperin R, Arnon L, Eden-Friedman Y, Tirosh A. Unique Characteristics of Patients with Von Hippel-Lindau Disease Defined by Various Diagnostic Criteria. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061657. [PMID: 36980542 PMCID: PMC10046302 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease diagnosis is based on two criteria sets: International criteria (IC, two hemangioblastomas, one hemangioblastoma plus one visceral lesion, or VHL family history/pathogenic variant plus hemangioblastoma/visceral lesion); or Danish criteria (DC, two clinical manifestations, or VHL family history/pathogenic variant plus hemangioblastoma/visceral lesion). We aimed to compare the characteristics of patients with VHL-related pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (vPNET) meeting either the clinical Danish criteria only (DOC) or IC to those with sporadic PNET (sPNET). The cohort included 33 patients with VHL (20 vPNETs) and 65 with sPNET. In terms of genetic testing and family history of VHL, 90.0% of the patients with vPNET in the IC group had a germline VHL pathogenic variant, and 70.0% had a family history of VHL vs. 20% and 10% in the DOC group, respectively (p < 0.05 for both). Patients with vPNET were younger at diagnosis compared with sPNET (51.6 ± 4.1 vs. 62.8 ± 1.5 years, p < 0.05). Patients in the IC group were younger at diagnosis with VHL, vPNET, pheochromocytoma, or paraganglioma (PPGL) and renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) than those in the DOC group (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). The most prevalent presenting manifestations were hemangioblastoma (42.8%) and PPGL (33.3%) vs. RCC (58.3%) and PNET (41.7%) in the IC vs. DOC groups. In conclusion, patients with vPNET meeting DOC criteria show greater similarity to sPNET. We suggest performing genetic testing, rather than solely using clinical criteria, for establishing the diagnosis of VHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Halperin
- ENTIRE Endocrine Neoplasia Translational Research Center, Sheba Rd. 2, Ramat Gan 6562601, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Liat Arnon
- ENTIRE Endocrine Neoplasia Translational Research Center, Sheba Rd. 2, Ramat Gan 6562601, Israel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Yehudit Eden-Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Amit Tirosh
- ENTIRE Endocrine Neoplasia Translational Research Center, Sheba Rd. 2, Ramat Gan 6562601, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
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26
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Šterk M, Dolenšek J, Skelin Klemen M, Križančić Bombek L, Paradiž Leitgeb E, Kerčmar J, Perc M, Slak Rupnik M, Stožer A, Gosak M. Functional characteristics of hub and wave-initiator cells in β cell networks. Biophys J 2023; 122:784-801. [PMID: 36738106 PMCID: PMC10027448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Islets of Langerhans operate as multicellular networks in which several hundred β cells work in synchrony to produce secretory pulses of insulin, a hormone crucial for controlling metabolic homeostasis. Their collective rhythmic activity is facilitated by gap junctional coupling and affected by their functional heterogeneity, but the details of this robust and coordinated behavior are still not fully understood. Recent advances in multicellular imaging and optogenetic and photopharmacological strategies, as well as in network science, have led to the discovery of specialized β cell subpopulations that were suggested to critically determine the collective dynamics in the islets. In particular hubs, i.e., β cells with many functional connections, are believed to significantly enhance communication capacities of the intercellular network and facilitate an efficient spreading of intercellular Ca2+ waves, whereas wave-initiator cells trigger intercellular signals in their cohorts. Here, we determined Ca2+ signaling characteristics of these two β cell subpopulations and the relationship between them by means of functional multicellular Ca2+ imaging in mouse pancreatic tissue slices in combination with methods of complex network theory. We constructed network layers based on individual Ca2+ waves to identify wave initiators, and functional correlation-based networks to detect hubs. We found that both cell types exhibit a higher-than-average active time under both physiological and supraphysiological glucose concentrations, but also that they differ significantly in many other functional characteristics. Specifically, Ca2+ oscillations in hubs are more regular, and their role appears to be much more stable over time than for initiator cells. Moreover, in contrast to wave initiators, hubs transmit intercellular signals faster than other cells, which implies a stronger intercellular coupling. Our research indicates that hubs and wave-initiator cell subpopulations are both natural features of healthy pancreatic islets, but their functional roles in principle do not overlap and should thus not be considered equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Šterk
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | - Jasmina Kerčmar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Perc
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Alma Mater Europaea, Maribor, Slovenia; Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marjan Slak Rupnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia; Alma Mater Europaea, Maribor, Slovenia; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Marko Gosak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia; Alma Mater Europaea, Maribor, Slovenia.
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27
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Richardson TM, Saunders DC, Haliyur R, Shrestha S, Cartailler JP, Reinert RB, Petronglo J, Bottino R, Aramandla R, Bradley AM, Jenkins R, Phillips S, Kang H, Caicedo A, Powers AC, Brissova M. Human pancreatic capillaries and nerve fibers persist in type 1 diabetes despite beta cell loss. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E251-E267. [PMID: 36696598 PMCID: PMC10027091 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system regulates pancreatic function. Islet capillaries are essential for the extension of axonal projections into islets, and both of these structures are important for appropriate islet hormone secretion. Because beta cells provide important paracrine cues for islet glucagon secretion and neurovascular development, we postulated that beta cell loss in type 1 diabetes (T1D) would lead to a decline in intraislet capillaries and reduction of islet innervation, possibly contributing to abnormal glucagon secretion. To define morphological characteristics of capillaries and nerve fibers in islets and acinar tissue compartments, we analyzed neurovascular assembly across the largest cohort of T1D and normal individuals studied thus far. Because innervation has been studied extensively in rodent models of T1D, we also compared the neurovascular architecture between mouse and human pancreas and assembled transcriptomic profiles of molecules guiding islet angiogenesis and neuronal development. We found striking interspecies differences in islet neurovascular assembly but relatively modest differences at transcriptome level, suggesting that posttranscriptional regulation may be involved in this process. To determine whether islet neurovascular arrangement is altered after beta cell loss in T1D, we compared pancreatic tissues from non-diabetic, recent-onset T1D (<10-yr duration), and longstanding T1D (>10-yr duration) donors. Recent-onset T1D showed greater islet and acinar capillary density compared to non-diabetic and longstanding T1D donors. Both recent-onset and longstanding T1D had greater islet nerve fiber density compared to non-diabetic donors. We did not detect changes in sympathetic axons in either T1D cohort. Additionally, nerve fibers overlapped with extracellular matrix (ECM), supporting its role in the formation and function of axonal processes. These results indicate that pancreatic capillaries and nerve fibers persist in T1D despite beta cell loss, suggesting that alpha cell secretory changes may be decoupled from neurovascular components.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Defining the neurovascular architecture in the pancreas of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is crucial to understanding the mechanisms of dysregulated glucagon secretion. In the largest T1D cohort of biobanked tissues analyzed to date, we found that pancreatic capillaries and nerve fibers persist in human T1D despite beta cell loss, suggesting that alpha cell secretory changes may be decoupled from neurovascular components. Because innervation has been studied extensively in rodent T1D models, our studies also provide the first rigorous direct comparisons of neurovascular assembly in mouse and human, indicating dramatic interspecies differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Richardson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Cartailler
- Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rachel B Reinert
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jenna Petronglo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rita Bottino
- Imagine Pharma, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Amber M Bradley
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Regina Jenkins
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sharon Phillips
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Program of Neuroscience, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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28
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De la Cruz-Concepción B, Flores-Cortez YA, Barragán-Bonilla MI, Mendoza-Bello JM, Espinoza-Rojo M. Insulin: A connection between pancreatic β cells and the hypothalamus. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:76-91. [PMID: 36926659 PMCID: PMC10011898 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a hormone secreted by pancreatic β cells. The concentration of glucose in circulation is proportional to the secretion of insulin by these cells. In target cells, insulin binds to its receptors and activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, inducing different mechanisms depending on the cell type. In the liver it activates the synthesis of glycogen, in adipose tissue and muscle it allows the capture of glucose, and in the hypothalamus, it regulates thermogenesis and appetite. Defects in insulin function [insulin resistance (IR)] are related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases in obese people. Furthermore, in obesity and diabetes, its role as an anorexigenic hormone in the hypothalamus is diminished during IR. Therefore, hyperphagia prevails, which aggravates hyper-glycemia and IR further, becoming a vicious circle in which the patient cannot regulate their need to eat. Uncontrolled calorie intake induces an increase in reactive oxygen species, overcoming cellular antioxidant defenses (oxidative stress). Reactive oxygen species activate stress-sensitive kinases, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, that induce phos-phorylation in serine residues in the insulin receptor, which blocks the insulin signaling pathway, continuing the mechanism of IR. The brain and pancreas are organs mainly affected by oxidative stress. The use of drugs that regulate food intake and improve glucose metabolism is the conventional therapy to improve the quality of life of these patients. Currently, the use of antioxidants that regulate oxidative stress has given good results because they reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, and they also have fewer side effects than synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda De la Cruz-Concepción
- Molecular and Genomic Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Yaccil Adilene Flores-Cortez
- Molecular and Genomic Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Martha Isela Barragán-Bonilla
- Molecular and Genomic Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Juan Miguel Mendoza-Bello
- Molecular and Genomic Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Monica Espinoza-Rojo
- Molecular and Genomic Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico
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Homma J, Sekine H, Shimizu T. Tricultured Cell Sheets Develop into Functional Pancreatic Islet Tissue with a Vascular Network. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:211-224. [PMID: 36565034 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods to induce islet β-cells from induced pluripotent stem cells or embryonic stem cells have been established. However, islet β-cells are susceptible to apoptosis under hypoxic conditions, so the technique used to transplant β-cells must maintain the viability of cells in vivo. This study describes the development of a tricultured cell sheet, which was made by coculturing islet β-cells, vascular endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells for 1 day. The islet β-cells in the tricultured cell sheet self-organized into islet-like structures surrounded by a dense vascular network in vitro. Triple-layered tricultured cell sheets engrafted well after transplantation in vivo and developed into insulin-secreting tissue with abundant blood vessels and a high density of islet β-cells. We anticipate that the tricultured cell sheet could be used as an in vitro pseudo-islet model for pharmaceutical testing and may have potential for development into transplantable grafts for use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Homma
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sekine
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Melamed JR, Yerneni SS, Arral ML, LoPresti ST, Chaudhary N, Sehrawat A, Muramatsu H, Alameh MG, Pardi N, Weissman D, Gittes GK, Whitehead KA. Ionizable lipid nanoparticles deliver mRNA to pancreatic β cells via macrophage-mediated gene transfer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade1444. [PMID: 36706177 PMCID: PMC9882987 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Systemic messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery to organs outside the liver, spleen, and lungs remains challenging. To overcome this issue, we hypothesized that altering nanoparticle chemistry and administration routes may enable mRNA-induced protein expression outside of the reticuloendothelial system. Here, we describe a strategy for delivering mRNA potently and specifically to the pancreas using lipid nanoparticles. Our results show that delivering lipid nanoparticles containing cationic helper lipids by intraperitoneal administration produces robust and specific protein expression in the pancreas. Most resultant protein expression occurred within insulin-producing β cells. Last, we found that pancreatic mRNA delivery was dependent on horizontal gene transfer by peritoneal macrophage exosome secretion, an underappreciated mechanism that influences the delivery of mRNA lipid nanoparticles. We anticipate that this strategy will enable gene therapies for intractable pancreatic diseases such as diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilian R. Melamed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Mariah L. Arral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Samuel T. LoPresti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Namit Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anuradha Sehrawat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George K. Gittes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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31
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Effectiveness of Hydroalcoholic Seed Extract of Securigera securidaca on Pancreatic Local Renin-Angiotensin System and Its Alternative Pathway in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Animal Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:7285036. [PMID: 36647426 PMCID: PMC9840543 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7285036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Available data suggest inhibition of the pancreatic local-renin-angiotensin system (RAS) reduces tissue complications of diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic seed extract of Securigera securidaca (S. securidaca) (HESS) on the pancreatic local-RAS and its alternative pathway. Methods Three doses of HESS were orally administered to three groups of diabetic male Wistar rats, and the results were compared with both diabetic and healthy control groups. After 35 days of treatment, the groups were assessed for the levels of pancreatic local-RAS components, including renin, angiotensinogen, ACE, and Ang II, as well as ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) in the alternative pathway. The effect of herbal medicine treatment on tissue damage status was investigated by evaluating tissue levels of oxidative stress, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and through histopathological examination of the pancreas. Results HESS showed a dose-dependent palliative effect on the tissue oxidative stress profile (P < 0.05) as well as the levels of pancreatic local-RAS components (P < 0.05), compared to diabetic control group. Considering the interrelationship between tissue oxidative stress and local-RAS activity, the moderating effect of HESS on this relationship could be attributed to the increase in total tissue antioxidant capacity (TAC) and pancreatic Ang-(1-7) concentration. Decrease in local-RAS activity was associated with decrease in the tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL1, IL6, and TNFα) (P < 0.05) and increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine of IL-10 (P < 0.05). In addition, histological results were consistent with tissue biochemical results. Conclusions Due to the reduction of local pancreatic RAS activity as well as oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines following treatment with HESS, S. securidaca seed can be proposed as a suitable herbal supplement in the drug-treatment of diabetes.
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Postić S, Sarikas S, Pfabe J, Pohorec V, Križančić Bombek L, Sluga N, Skelin Klemen M, Dolenšek J, Korošak D, Stožer A, Evans-Molina C, Johnson JD, Slak Rupnik M. High-resolution analysis of the cytosolic Ca 2+ events in β cell collectives in situ. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E42-E55. [PMID: 36449570 PMCID: PMC9829482 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The release of peptide hormones is predominantly regulated by a transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). To trigger exocytosis, Ca2+ ions enter the cytosol from intracellular Ca2+ stores or from the extracellular space. The molecular events of late stages of exocytosis, and their dependence on [Ca2+]c, were extensively described in isolated single cells from various endocrine glands. Notably, less work has been done on endocrine cells in situ to address the heterogeneity of [Ca2+]c events contributing to a collective functional response of a gland. For this, β cell collectives in a pancreatic islet are particularly well suited as they are the smallest, experimentally manageable functional unit, where [Ca2+]c dynamics can be simultaneously assessed on both cellular and collective level. Here, we measured [Ca2+]c transients across all relevant timescales, from a subsecond to a minute time range, using high-resolution imaging with a low-affinity Ca2+ sensor. We quantified the recordings with a novel computational framework for automatic image segmentation and [Ca2+]c event identification. Our results demonstrate that under physiological conditions the duration of [Ca2+]c events is variable, and segregated into three reproducible modes, subsecond, second, and tens of seconds time range, and are a result of a progressive temporal summation of the shortest events. Using pharmacological tools we show that activation of intracellular Ca2+ receptors is both sufficient and necessary for glucose-dependent [Ca2+]c oscillations in β cell collectives, and that a subset of [Ca2+]c events could be triggered even in the absence of Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. In aggregate, our experimental and analytical platform was able to readily address the involvement of intracellular Ca2+ receptors in shaping the heterogeneity of [Ca2+]c responses in collectives of endocrine cells in situ.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Physiological glucose or ryanodine stimulation of β cell collectives generates a large number of [Ca2+]c events, which can be rapidly assessed with our newly developed automatic image segmentation and [Ca2+]c event identification pipeline. The event durations segregate into three reproducible modes produced by a progressive temporal summation. Using pharmacological tools, we show that activation of ryanodine intracellular Ca2+ receptors is both sufficient and necessary for glucose-dependent [Ca2+]c oscillations in β cell collectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Postić
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Srdjan Sarikas
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Pfabe
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viljem Pohorec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Nastja Sluga
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Skelin Klemen
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dean Korošak
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marjan Slak Rupnik
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea-European Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Burgos-Gamez X, Morales-Castillo P, Fernandez-Mejia C. Maternal adaptations of the pancreas and glucose homeostasis in lactation and after lactation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111778. [PMID: 36162635 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During lactation, the maternal physiology adapts to bear the nutritional requirements of the offspring. The exocrine and endocrine pancreas are central to nutrient handling, promoting digestion and metabolism. In concert with prolactin, insulin is a determinant factor for milk synthesis. The investigation of the pancreas during lactation has been scattered over several periods. The investigations that laid the foundation of lactating pancreatic physiology and glucose homeostasis were conducted in the decades of 1970-1980. With the development of molecular biology, newer studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms involved in the endocrine pancreas during breastfeeding. There has been a surge of information recently about unexpected changes in the pancreas at the end of the lactation period and after weaning. In this review, we aim to gather information on the changes in the pancreas and glucose homeostasis during and after lactation and discuss the outcomes derived from the current discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xadeni Burgos-Gamez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/ Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City, 04500, Mexico
| | - Paulina Morales-Castillo
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/ Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City, 04500, Mexico
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Mejia
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/ Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City, 04500, Mexico.
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Pack M, Gulde TN, Völcker MV, Boewe AS, Wrublewsky S, Ampofo E, Montenarh M, Götz C. Protein Kinase CK2 Contributes to Glucose Homeostasis by Targeting Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase 1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010428. [PMID: 36613872 PMCID: PMC9820633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is of critical importance for the survival of organisms. It is under hormonal control and often coordinated by the action of kinases and phosphatases. We have previously shown that CK2 regulates insulin production and secretion in pancreatic β-cells. In order to shed more light on the CK2-regulated network of glucose homeostasis, in the present study, a qRT-PCR array was carried out with 84 diabetes-associated genes. After inhibition of CK2, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) showed a significant lower gene expression. Moreover, FBP1 activity was down-regulated. Being a central enzyme of gluconeogenesis, the secretion of glucose was decreased as well. Thus, FBP1 is a new factor in the CK2-regulated network implicated in carbohydrate metabolism control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Pack
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Nikolai Gulde
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Victoria Völcker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Anne S. Boewe
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Building 65, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Selina Wrublewsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Building 65, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Building 65, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Montenarh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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35
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Kotan R, Peto K, Deak A, Szentkereszty Z, Nemeth N. Hemorheological and Microcirculatory Relations of Acute Pancreatitis. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010004. [PMID: 36676930 PMCID: PMC9863893 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis still means a serious challenge in clinical practice. Its pathomechanism is complex and has yet to be fully elucidated. Rheological properties of blood play an important role in tissue perfusion and show non-specific changes in acute pancreatitis. An increase in blood and plasma viscosity, impairment of red blood cell deformability, and enhanced red blood cell aggregation caused by metabolic, inflammatory, free radical-related changes and mechanical stress contribute to the deterioration of the blood flow in the large vessels and also in the microcirculation. Revealing the significance of these changes in acute pancreatitis may better explain the pathogenesis and optimize the therapy. In this review, we give an overview of the role of impaired microcirculation by changes in hemorheological properties in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kotan
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Linköping University Hospital, Universitetssjukhuset, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Katalin Peto
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zsigmond ut 22, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adam Deak
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zsigmond ut 22, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szentkereszty
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zsigmond ut 22, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Norbert Nemeth
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zsigmond ut 22, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-416-915
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36
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Mainz L, Sarhan MAFE, Roth S, Sauer U, Kalogirou C, Eckstein M, Gerhard-Hartmann E, Seibert HD, Voelker HU, Geppert C, Rosenwald A, Eilers M, Schulze A, Diefenbacher M, Rosenfeldt MT. Acute systemic knockdown of Atg7 is lethal and causes pancreatic destruction in shRNA transgenic mice. Autophagy 2022; 18:2880-2893. [PMID: 35343375 PMCID: PMC9673934 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2052588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion that macroautophagy/autophagy is a potentially attractive therapeutic target for a variety of diseases, including cancer, largely stems from pre-clinical mouse studies. Most of these examine the effects of irreversible and organ confined autophagy deletion using site specific Cre-loxP recombination of the essential autophagy regulating genes Atg7 or Atg5. Model systems with the ability to impair autophagy systemically and reversibly at all disease stages would allow a more realistic approach to evaluate the consequences of authophagy inhibition as a therapeutic concept and its potential side effects. Here, we present shRNA transgenic mice that via doxycycline (DOX) regulable expression of a highly efficient miR30-E-based shRNA enabled knockdown of Atg7 simultaneously in the majority of organs, with the brain and spleen being noteable exceptions. Induced animals deteriorated rapidly and experienced profound destruction of the exocrine pancreas, severe hypoglycemia and depletion of hepatic glycogen storages. Cessation of DOX application restored apparent health, glucose homeostasis and pancreatic integrity. In a similar Atg5 knockdown model we neither observed loss of pancreatic integrity nor diminished survival after DOX treatment, but identified histological changes consistent with steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis in the recovery period after termination of DOX. Regulable Atg7-shRNA mice are valuable tools that will enable further studies on the role of autophagy impairment at various disease stages and thereby help to evaluate the consequences of acute autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic concept.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin, beta; AMY: amylase complex; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B, cysteine peptidase; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; Cag: CMV early enhancer/chicken ACTB promoter; Col1a1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; Cre: cre recombinase; DOX: doxycycline; GCG: glucagon; GFP: green fluorescent protein; INS: insulin; LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; miR30-E: optimized microRNA backbone; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PNLIP: pancreatic lipase; rtTA: reverse tetracycline transactivator protein; SQSTM1/p62: sequestome 1; TRE: tetracycline responsive element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mainz
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed A. F. E. Sarhan
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Roth
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Sauer
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charis Kalogirou
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elena Gerhard-Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helen-Desiree Seibert
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Voelker
- Department of Pathology, Leopoldina Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Carol Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Eilers
- Biocenter, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Almut Schulze
- Division of Metabolism and Microenvironment, Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Markus Diefenbacher
- Biocenter, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mathias T. Rosenfeldt
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,CONTACT Mathias T. Rosenfeldt Institute of Pathology – University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2,97080Würzburg, Germany
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Gosak M, Yan-Do R, Lin H, MacDonald PE, Stožer A. Ca2+ Oscillations, Waves, and Networks in Islets From Human Donors With and Without Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:2584-2596. [PMID: 36084321 PMCID: PMC9750953 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are highly interconnected structures that produce pulses of insulin and other hormones, maintaining normal homeostasis of glucose and other nutrients. Normal stimulus-secretion and intercellular coupling are essential to regulated secretory responses, and these hallmarks are known to be altered in diabetes. In the current study, we used calcium imaging of isolated human islets to assess their collective behavior. The activity occurred in the form of calcium oscillations, was synchronized across different regions of islets through calcium waves, and was glucose dependent: higher glucose enhanced the activity, elicited a greater proportion of global calcium waves, and led to denser and less fragmented functional networks. Hub regions were identified in stimulatory conditions, and they were characterized by long active times. Moreover, calcium waves were found to be initiated in different subregions and the roles of initiators and hubs did not overlap. In type 2 diabetes, glucose dependence was retained, but reduced activity, locally restricted waves, and more segregated networks were detected compared with control islets. Interestingly, hub regions seemed to suffer the most by losing a disproportionately large fraction of connections. These changes affected islets from donors with diabetes in a heterogeneous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Gosak
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Richard Yan-Do
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Haopeng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Patrick E. MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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38
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Shen P, Jia Y, Shi S, Sun J, Han X. Analytical and biomedical applications of microfluidics in traditional Chinese medicine research. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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The Pancreas and Known Factors of Acute Pancreatitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195565. [PMID: 36233433 PMCID: PMC9571992 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is regarded by clinicians as one of the most complicated and clinically challenging of all disorders affecting the abdomen. It is classified on the basis of clinical, morphological, and histological criteria. Causes of acute pancreatitis can easily be identified in 75–85% of patients. The main causes of acute, recurrent acute, and chronic pancreatitis are gallstone migration and alcohol abuse. Other causes are uncommon, controversial, or unexplained. For instance, cofactors of all forms of pancreatitis are pancreas divisum and hypertriglyceridemia. Another factor that should be considered is a complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study is to present the known risk factors for acute pancreatitis, beginning with an account of the morphology, physiology, and development of the pancreas.
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40
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Pignatelli C, Campo F, Neroni A, Piemonti L, Citro A. Bioengineering the Vascularized Endocrine Pancreas: A Fine-Tuned Interplay Between Vascularization, Extracellular-Matrix-Based Scaffold Architecture, and Insulin-Producing Cells. TRANSPLANT INTERNATIONAL : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION 2022; 35:10555. [PMID: 36090775 PMCID: PMC9452644 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic islet transplantation is a promising β-cell replacement strategy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions, acute inflammatory storm, and graft revascularization delay limit islet engraftment in the peri-transplant phase, hampering the success rate of the procedure. Growing evidence has demonstrated that islet engraftment efficiency may take advantage of several bioengineering approaches aimed to recreate both vascular and endocrine compartments either ex vivo or in vivo. To this end, endocrine pancreas bioengineering is an emerging field in β-cell replacement, which might provide endocrine cells with all the building blocks (vascularization, ECM composition, or micro/macro-architecture) useful for their successful engraftment and function in vivo. Studies on reshaping either the endocrine cellular composition or the islet microenvironment have been largely performed, focusing on a single building block element, without, however, grasping that their synergistic effect is indispensable for correct endocrine function. Herein, the review focuses on the minimum building blocks that an ideal vascularized endocrine scaffold should have to resemble the endocrine niche architecture, composition, and function to foster functional connections between the vascular and endocrine compartments. Additionally, this review highlights the possibility of designing bioengineered scaffolds integrating alternative endocrine sources to overcome donor organ shortages and the possibility of combining novel immune-preserving strategies for long-term graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Pignatelli
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Campo
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Neroni
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Citro
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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41
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Jain C, Bilekova S, Lickert H. Targeting pancreatic β cells for diabetes treatment. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1097-1108. [PMID: 36131204 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a life-saving drug for patients with type 1 diabetes; however, even today, no pharmacotherapy can prevent the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells to stop or reverse disease progression. Thus, pancreatic β cells have been a main focus for cell-replacement and regenerative therapies as a curative treatment for diabetes. In this Review, we highlight recent advances toward the development of diabetes therapies that target β cells to enhance proliferation, redifferentiation and protection from cell death and/or enable selective killing of senescent β cells. We describe currently available therapies and their mode of action, as well as insufficiencies of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and insulin therapies. We discuss and summarize data collected over the last decades that support the notion that pharmacological targeting of β cell insulin signalling might protect and/or regenerate β cells as an improved treatment of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Jain
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Bilekova
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of β-Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany.
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42
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Gaspar TB, Macedo S, Sá A, Soares MA, Rodrigues DF, Sousa M, Mendes N, Martins RS, Cardoso L, Borges I, Canberk S, Gärtner F, Miranda-Alves L, Sobrinho-Simões M, Lopes JM, Soares P, Vinagre J. Characterisation of an Atrx Conditional Knockout Mouse Model: Atrx Loss Causes Endocrine Dysfunction Rather Than Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumour. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163865. [PMID: 36010860 PMCID: PMC9406167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary ATRX and DAXX mutations occur in 30–40% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs), and there are no reports in the literature of any genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) evaluating the effect of Atrx disruption as a putative driver event on PanNET initiation. We created a novel GEMM with Atrx conditional disruption in β cells. We observed that this genetic alteration, per se, was not tumourigenic, but we reported novel roles of Atrx on endocrine function, which resulted in dysglycaemia and the exacerbation of inflammageing (increased pancreatic inflammation and hepatic steatosis). Abstract ATRX is a chromatin remodeller that maintains telomere homeostasis. Loss of ATRX is described in approximately 10% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) and associated with poorer prognostic features. Here, we present a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) addressing the role of Atrx loss (AtrxKO) in pancreatic β cells, evaluating a large cohort of ageing mice (for up to 24 months (mo.)). Atrx loss did not cause PanNET formation but rather resulted in worsening of ageing-related pancreatic inflammation and endocrine dysfunction in the first year of life. Histopathological evaluation highlighted an exacerbated prevalence and intensity of pancreatic inflammation, ageing features, and hepatic steatosis in AtrxKO mice. Homozygous floxed mice presented hyperglycaemia, increased weights, and glucose intolerance after 6 months, but alterations in insulinaemia were not detected. Floxed individuals presented an improper growth of their pancreatic endocrine fraction that may explain such an endocrine imbalance. A pilot study of BRACO-19 administration to AtrxKO mice resulted in telomere instability, reinforcing the involvement of Atrx in the maintenance of β cell telomere homeostasis. Thereby, a non-obese dysglycaemic GEMM of disrupted Atrx is here presented as potentially useful for metabolic studies and putative candidate for inserting additional tumourigenic genetic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bordeira Gaspar
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Macedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sá
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Alves Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental (LEEx), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-905, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ferreira Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mendes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Sousa Martins
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico Veterinário (Cedivet), 4200-071 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sule Canberk
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental (LEEx), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-905, Brazil
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Vinagre
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-570-700
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Yin J, Meng H, Lin J, Ji W, Xu T, Liu H. Pancreatic islet organoids-on-a-chip: how far have we gone? J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:308. [PMID: 35764957 PMCID: PMC9238112 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by dysfunction or disruption of pancreatic islets. The advent and development of microfluidic organoids-on-a-chip platforms have facilitated reproduce of complex and dynamic environment for tissue or organ development and complex disease processes. For the research and treatment of DM, the platforms have been widely used to investigate the physiology and pathophysiology of islets. In this review, we first highlight how pancreatic islet organoids-on-a-chip have improved the reproducibility of stem cell differentiation and organoid culture. We further discuss the efficiency of microfluidics in the functional evaluation of pancreatic islet organoids, such as single-islet-sensitivity detection, long-term real-time monitoring, and automatic glucose adjustment to provide relevant stimulation. Then, we present the applications of islet-on-a-chip technology in disease modeling, drug screening and cell replacement therapy. Finally, we summarize the development and challenges of islet-on-a-chip and discuss the prospects of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Yin
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Meng
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Wei Ji
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huisheng Liu
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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44
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Marolt U, Paradiž Leitgeb E, Pohorec V, Lipovšek S, Venglovecz V, Gál E, Ébert A, Menyhárt I, Potrč S, Gosak M, Dolenšek J, Stožer A. Calcium imaging in intact mouse acinar cells in acute pancreas tissue slices. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268644. [PMID: 35657915 PMCID: PMC9165796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiology and pathophysiology of the exocrine pancreas are in close connection to changes in intra-cellular Ca2+ concentration. Most of our knowledge is based on in vitro experiments on acinar cells or acini enzymatically isolated from their surroundings, which can alter their structure, physiology, and limit our understanding. Due to these limitations, the acute pancreas tissue slice technique was introduced almost two decades ago as a complementary approach to assess the morphology and physiology of both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas in a more conserved in situ setting. In this study, we extend previous work to functional multicellular calcium imaging on acinar cells in tissue slices. The viability and morphological characteristics of acinar cells within the tissue slice were assessed using the LIVE/DEAD assay, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence imaging. The main aim of our study was to characterize the responses of acinar cells to stimulation with acetylcholine and compare them with responses to cerulein in pancreatic tissue slices, with special emphasis on inter-cellular and inter-acinar heterogeneity and coupling. To this end, calcium imaging was performed employing confocal microscopy during stimulation with a wide range of acetylcholine concentrations and selected concentrations of cerulein. We show that various calcium oscillation parameters depend monotonically on the stimulus concentration and that the activity is rather well synchronized within acini, but not between acini. The acute pancreas tissue slice represents a viable and reliable experimental approach for the evaluation of both intra- and inter-cellular signaling characteristics of acinar cell calcium dynamics. It can be utilized to assess many cells simultaneously with a high spatiotemporal resolution, thus providing an efficient and high-yield platform for future studies of normal acinar cell biology, pathophysiology, and screening pharmacological substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Marolt
- Clinical department for abdominal and general surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (UM); (JD); (AS)
| | - Eva Paradiž Leitgeb
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Viljem Pohorec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Saška Lipovšek
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Gál
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Ébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Menyhárt
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stojan Potrč
- Clinical department for abdominal and general surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Gosak
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (UM); (JD); (AS)
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (UM); (JD); (AS)
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45
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Skudder-Hill L, Sequeira IR, Cho J, Ko J, Poppitt SD, Petrov MS. Fat Distribution Within the Pancreas According to Diabetes Status and Insulin Traits. Diabetes 2022; 71:1182-1192. [PMID: 35234845 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that intrapancreatic fat is associated with diabetes, but whether distribution of intrapancreatic fat across the regions of the pancreas has a pathophysiologic role is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in intrapancreatic fat deposition between the head, body, and tail of the pancreas, as well as the relationship between regional intrapancreatic fat deposition and diabetes status and insulin traits. A total of 368 adults from the general population underwent MRI on a 3 Tesla scanner, and intrapancreatic fat was manually quantified in duplicate. Statistical models included adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, and liver fat. Intrapancreatic fat deposition in the head, body, and tail of the pancreas did not differ significantly in adjusted models in either the overall cohort or the three subgroups based on diabetes status. HOMA of insulin resistance and fasting insulin were significantly positively associated with fat in the tail and body of the pancreas. There was no significant association between regional intrapancreatic fat and HOMA of β-cell function. The association of increased intrapancreatic fat deposition in the tail and body regions with increased insulin resistance may have an important role in the early identification of patients at risk for developing insulin resistance and diseases that stem from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Skudder-Hill
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivana R Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jaelim Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally D Poppitt
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE) for Food and Nutrition, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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46
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Du W, Adkisson C, Ye X, Duran CL, Chellakkan Selvanesan B, Gravekamp C, Oktay MH, McAuliffe JC, Condeelis JS, Panarelli NC, Norgard RJ, Sela Y, Stanger BZ, Entenberg D. SWIP-a stabilized window for intravital imaging of the murine pancreas. Open Biol 2022; 12:210273. [PMID: 35702996 PMCID: PMC9198798 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are grave illnesses with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Intravital imaging (IVI) is a powerful technique for visualizing physiological processes in both health and disease. However, the application of IVI to the murine pancreas presents significant challenges, as it is a deep, compliant, visceral organ that is difficult to access, easily damaged and susceptible to motion artefacts. Existing imaging windows for stabilizing the pancreas during IVI have unfortunately shown poor stability for time-lapsed imaging on the minutes to hours scale, or are unable to accommodate both the healthy and tumour-bearing pancreata. To address these issues, we developed an improved stabilized window for intravital imaging of the pancreas (SWIP), which can be applied to not only the healthy pancreas but also to solid tumours like PDAC. Here, we validate the SWIP and use it to visualize a variety of processes for the first time, including (1) single-cell dynamics within the healthy pancreas, (2) transformation from healthy pancreas to acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein, and (3) the physiology of PDAC in both autochthonous and orthotopically injected models. SWIP can not only improve the imaging stability but also expand the application of IVI in both benign and malignant pancreas diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christian Adkisson
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xianjun Ye
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Camille L. Duran
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Benson Chellakkan Selvanesan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Gravekamp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John C. McAuliffe
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicole C. Panarelli
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert J. Norgard
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yogev Sela
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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47
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Abstract
The pancreatic β-cells are essential for regulating glucose homeostasis through the coordinated release of the insulin hormone. Dysfunction of the highly specialized β-cells results in diabetes mellitus, a growing global health epidemic. In this review, we describe the development and function of β-cells the emerging concept of heterogeneity within insulin-producing cells, and the potential of other cell types to assume β-cell functionality via transdifferentiation. We also discuss emerging routes to design cells with minimal β-cell properties and human stem cell differentiation efforts that carry the promise to restore normoglycemia in patients suffering from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanya Kerper
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Sudipta Ashe
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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48
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Patel SN, Mathews CE, Chandler R, Stabler CL. The Foundation for Engineering a Pancreatic Islet Niche. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:881525. [PMID: 35600597 PMCID: PMC9114707 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.881525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in diabetes research is hindered, in part, by deficiencies in current experimental systems to accurately model human pathophysiology and/or predict clinical outcomes. Engineering human-centric platforms that more closely mimic in vivo physiology, however, requires thoughtful and informed design. Summarizing our contemporary understanding of the unique and critical features of the pancreatic islet can inform engineering design criteria. Furthermore, a broad understanding of conventional experimental practices and their current advantages and limitations ensures that new models address key gaps. Improving beyond traditional cell culture, emerging platforms are combining diabetes-relevant cells within three-dimensional niches containing dynamic matrices and controlled fluidic flow. While highly promising, islet-on-a-chip prototypes must evolve their utility, adaptability, and adoptability to ensure broad and reproducible use. Here we propose a roadmap for engineers to craft biorelevant and accessible diabetes models. Concurrently, we seek to inspire biologists to leverage such tools to ask complex and nuanced questions. The progenies of such diabetes models should ultimately enable investigators to translate ambitious research expeditions from benchtop to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smit N. Patel
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rachel Chandler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Cherie L. Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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49
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Flisher MF, Shin D, Huising MO. Urocortin3: Local inducer of somatostatin release and bellwether of beta cell maturity. Peptides 2022; 151:170748. [PMID: 35065098 PMCID: PMC10881066 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin 3 (UCN3) is a peptide hormone expressed in pancreatic islets of Langerhans of both human alpha and human beta cells and solely in murine beta cells. UCN3 signaling acts locally within the islet to activate its cognate receptor, corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2), which is expressed by delta cells, to potentiate somatostatin (SST) negative feedback to reduce islet cell hormone output. The functional importance of UCN3 signaling in the islet is to modulate the amount of SST tone allowing for finely tuned regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion. UCN3 signaling is a hallmark of functional beta cell maturation, increasing the beta cell glucose threshold for insulin secretion. In doing so, UCN3 plays a relevant functional role in accurately maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Additionally, UCN3 acts as an indicator of beta cell maturation and health, as UCN3 is not expressed in immature beta cells and is downregulated in dedifferentiated and dysfunctional beta cell states. Here, we review the mechanistic underpinnings of UCN3 signaling, its net effect on islet cell hormone output, as well as its value as a marker for beta cell maturation and functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus F Flisher
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Donghan Shin
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
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50
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Hoyeck MP, Matteo G, MacFarlane EM, Perera I, Bruin JE. Persistent organic pollutants and β-cell toxicity: a comprehensive review. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E383-E413. [PMID: 35156417 PMCID: PMC9394781 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00358.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a diverse family of contaminants that show widespread global dispersion and bioaccumulation. Humans are continuously exposed to POPs through diet, air particles, and household and commercial products; POPs are consistently detected in human tissues, including the pancreas. Epidemiological studies show a modest but consistent correlation between exposure to POPs and increased diabetes risk. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of epidemiological evidence and an in-depth evaluation of the in vivo and in vitro evidence that POPs cause β-cell toxicity. We review evidence for six classes of POPs: dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), flame retardants, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The available data provide convincing evidence implicating POPs as a contributing factor driving impaired glucose homeostasis, β-cell dysfunction, and altered metabolic and oxidative stress pathways in islets. These findings support epidemiological data showing that POPs increase diabetes risk and emphasize the need to consider the endocrine pancreas in toxicity assessments. Our review also highlights significant gaps in the literature assessing islet-specific endpoints after both in vivo and in vitro POP exposure. In addition, most rodent studies do not consider the impact of biological sex or secondary metabolic stressors in mediating the effects of POPs on glucose homeostasis and β-cell function. We discuss key gaps and limitations that should be assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam P Hoyeck
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geronimo Matteo
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin M MacFarlane
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ineli Perera
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Bruin
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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