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Predoiu R, Piotrowski A, Stan EA, Ciolacu MV, Bitang A, Croitoru D, Cosma G. Explicit and indirect, latency-based measure of aggression in striking combat sports. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1451244. [PMID: 39193031 PMCID: PMC11348045 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1451244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aggression in sports is often perceived as a necessary trait for success, especially in martial arts. Aggression can be assessed both explicitly and implicitly, taking into account the dual processing model. The purpose of the research was to examine explicit and indirect, latency-based measure of aggression in competitive athletes practicing striking combat sports, according to gender and sports performance. At the same time, we verified whether aggression (implicit/unconscious and explicit) predicts sports performance in martial artists. Materials and methods A total of 85 athletes practicing striking combat sports took part in the research. For implicit, latency-based measure of aggression, an Implicit Associations Test (IAT) was used, while explicit aggression was assessed with the Romanian adaptation of the Makarowski's Aggression Questionnaire for martial arts athletes. Results Data analysis revealed (using multivariate analysis of variance) that athletes from striking combat sports having international sports performances registered significantly higher D-scores (IAT, p = 0.014) and lower values for Go-ahead factor (p = 0.006), compared to athletes without outstanding results. Goodman and Kruskal tau association test was used to check the existing associations between athletes' gender and martial arts athletes' level of explicit and implicit aggression. In addition, binomial logistic regression procedures were performed, predicting martial artists' likelihood to obtain higher sports results, based on explicit and indirect aggression. Conclusion A stronger association between Aggression and Others (at implicit/unconscious level) and a moderate level (generally) for Go-ahead factor of explicit aggression are associated with an increased likelihood of sports performances in athletes. In addition, male martial arts athletes are more persistent despite obstacles, remaining more on the offensive (no gender-related association were found in terms of indirect/unconscious aggression, and for Foul Play and Assertiveness factors of explicit aggression). The study underlines the importance of addressing athletes' subconscious level to promote more constructive behaviors in competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Predoiu
- Department of Teacher Training, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Elena Amelia Stan
- Faculty of Physical Education, Sport, and Physiotherapy, Romanian–American University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Valentin Ciolacu
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Bitang
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Doina Croitoru
- Department of Sports and Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Germina Cosma
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
- InnovaSport Craiova Interdisciplinary Laboratory, INCESA, Craiova, Romania
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Patenteu I, Gawrych R, Bratu M, Vasile L, Makarowski R, Bitang A, Nica SA. The role of psychological resilience and aggression in injury prevention among martial arts athletes. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1433835. [PMID: 38988377 PMCID: PMC11233773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1433835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction For martial artists, the ability to manage reactions in the face of adversity and bounce back after a stressful event can have major impact on performance. The scope of the research is to investigate martial artists' level of resilience and aggression (Go-ahead, Foul play, and Assertiveness factors), what is specific to athletes and who have suffered from moderate and/or severe injuries (in terms of resilience and three factors of aggression examined), and test the possibility that a psychological variable under investigation can predict athletes' injury severity. Materials and methods A total sample of 154 athletes from striking combat sports-SC (karate, taekwondo, kickboxing, and boxing), grappling combat sports-GC (judo and BJJ), and mixed martial artists (MMA) participated in the research. For assessing resilience, the Romanian adaptation of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) was used, and for aggression, the Romanian adaptation of Makarowski's Sports Aggression Questionnaire was used. An injury report form was also created and applied to athletes. Results The post-hoc tests (after running a single-factor multivariate analysis of variance) revealed significant differences for resilience and Foul (violent) play between the sports disciplines analyzed. A significant positive correlation was found between athletes' injury severity and assertiveness in SC and between injury severity and resilience in GC. Through the t-test for independent samples, it was highlighted that the average value for Foul (violent) play is significantly higher in athletes who have suffered mild, moderate, and/or severe injuries compared with martial arts athletes who have suffered from only mild/minor injuries. A binomial logistic regression was also performed to verify to what extent Foul play predicts athletes' injury severity. Conclusion A low level of Foul (violent) play is linked with a decreased likelihood of moderate and/or severe injuries in martial arts athletes. The study findings suggest that resilience, foul play, and assertiveness have an important role in injury prevention among martial artists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionuț Patenteu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roman Gawrych
- University of Social and Economics in Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mircea Bratu
- Special Motricity and Medical Recovery Department, Faculty of Physiotherapy, National University of Physical Education and Sports, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luciela Vasile
- Doctoral School Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, National University of Physical Education and Sports, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ryszard Makarowski
- Faculty of Administration and Social Sciences, Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences in Elblag, Elblag, Poland
- University of Social and Economics in Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrei Bitang
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Sarah Adriana Nica
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
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Timoszyk-Tomczak C, Próchniak P. Construction and validation of a new Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13279. [PMID: 38858461 PMCID: PMC11165106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The article presents a proposal for a new diagnostic tool-the Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire. The Generational Time Perspective was defined as a cognitive-affective representation of the future in relation to the lives of a generation of people that the current generation of people will not live to see. This definition was the starting point for the construction of the Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicate a two-factor structure of the Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire. The first factor includes items about the cognitive representation of the future in the next generations. The second factor describes negative emotions towards the problems that humanity may face in future generations. The reliability of the particular dimensions of the questionnaire is satisfactory. The Generational Time Perspective Questionnaire correlates with other constructs that diagnose different aspects of an individual's temporality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Próchniak
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Krakowska 69, 70-017, Szczecin, Poland
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4
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Chen J, Xu J, Lu Y, Tang W. Predictive effects of organizational justice on job satisfaction in bus drivers: the moderating effects of role overload and proactive personality. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1294. [PMID: 38741068 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been few longitudinal studies on Chinese bus drivers and the individual differences in the relationships between organizational justice and job satisfaction. This study examined the organizational justice and job satisfaction in bus drivers and the individual differences in this relationship. METHODS A two-wave longitudinal study design was employed. A first survey was conducted on 513 Chinese bus drivers in October 2021 that collected socio-demographic information and asked about their perceptions of organizational fairness. A second survey was conducted six months later that asked about role overload and job satisfaction and assessed their proactive personality type. An effect model was then used to explore the moderating effects of role overload and proactive personality type on the relationships between organizational justice and job satisfaction. RESULTS Both procedural and interactive justice predicted the bus drivers' job satisfaction. Proactive personalities and role overload were found to enhance this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Organizations could benefit from screening at the recruitment stage for drivers with highly proactive personalities. Relevant training for drivers with low proactive personalities could partially improve employee job satisfaction. When viewed from a Chinese collectivist cultural frame, role overload could reflect trust and a sense of belonging, which could enhance job satisfaction. Finally, to improve employee job satisfaction, organizations need to ensure procedural and interactive justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Chen
- School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Journault AA, Cernik R, Charbonneau S, Sauvageau C, Giguère CÉ, Jamieson JP, Plante I, Geoffrion S, Lupien SJ. Learning to embrace one's stress: the selective effects of short videos on youth's stress mindsets. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:29-44. [PMID: 37552634 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2234309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Stress is not inherently negative. As youth will inevitably experience stress when facing the various challenges of adolescence, they can benefit from developing a stress-can-be-enhancing mindset rather than learning to fear their stress responses and avoid taking on challenges. We aimed to verify whether a rapid intervention improved stress mindsets and diminished perceived stress and anxiety sensitivity in adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS An online experimental design randomly exposed 233 Canadian youths aged 14-17 (83% female) to four videos of the Stress N' Go intervention (how to embrace stress) or to control condition videos (brain facts). Validated questionnaires assessing stress mindsets, perceived stress, and anxiety sensitivity were administered pre- and post-intervention, followed by open-ended questions. RESULTS The intervention content successfully instilled a stress-can-be-enhancing mindset compared to the control condition. Although Bayes factor analyses showed no main differences in perceived stress or anxiety sensitivity between conditions, a thematic analysis revealed that the intervention helped participants to live better with their stress. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that our intervention can rapidly modify stress mindsets in youth. Future studies are needed to determine whether modifying stress mindsets is sufficient to alter anxiety sensitivity in certain adolescents and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey-Ann Journault
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Rebecca Cernik
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sandrine Charbonneau
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Claudia Sauvageau
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Charles-Édouard Giguère
- Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Jamieson
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Isabelle Plante
- Department of Didactics, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Steve Geoffrion
- Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sonia J Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Research Center of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Haridass S, Kalva S, Yadav B, Keshava SN. A Survey on Factors Influencing the Work-Family-Health Balance of an Interventional Radiologist. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2024; 34:60-68. [PMID: 38106873 PMCID: PMC10723968 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Burnout and stress-related health disorders are on the rise among physicians. The aim of this study is to report the results of a survey on factors affecting the work-life balance of interventional radiologists (IR). Material: The survey consisted of 30 questions focusing on work, family, and personal health. The questionnaire addressed knowledge, attitude, and practice. This online survey was sent to IRs across the globe and the responses were analyzed by three IRs (SH, SNK, SK). Results: On univariate analysis, the major risk factors for burnout were presence of weekend duties ( n = 91, 98.9%, p = 0.02), absence of support group at workplace ( n = 36, 39.1%, p = 0.005), having tough time with administration ( n = 61, 66.3%, p = 0.001), not able to spend quality time on family ( n = 30, 32.6%, p = 0.035), and inability to find time to do things that one enjoys ( n = 53, 57.6%, p = 0.0002). However, multivariate analysis revealed that those having tough time with administration (odds ratio = 2.77 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-6.48], p = 0.02) and those who could not find time to do things one enjoys (odds ratio = 4.79 [95% CI: 1.42-16.1], p = 0.01) were only statistically significant. Conclusion: Burnout is common among IRs and is considered a significant issue that needs to be addressed. Teamwork, a support structure for major events, healthy lifestyle, and dedicated time for family may combat the burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoban Haridass
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Interventional Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjeeva Kalva
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bijesh Yadav
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shyamkumar Nidugala Keshava
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Interventional Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tuffley RH, Folke F, Ersbøll AK, Blomberg SNF, Linderoth G. Is dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation affected by a bystander's emotional stress state in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest? Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2023; 31:82. [PMID: 37978562 PMCID: PMC10656878 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-023-01117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to investigate whether a bystander's emotional stress state affects dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The primary outcome was initiation of chest compressions (Yes/No). Secondarily we analysed time until chest compressions were initiated and assessed how dispatchers instructed CPR. METHOD The study was a retrospective, observational study of OHCA emergency calls from the Capital Region of Denmark. Recorded calls were evaluated by five observers using a pre-defined code catalogue regarding the variables wished investigated. RESULTS Included were 655 OHCA emergency calls, of which 211 callers were defined as emotionally stressed. When cardiac arrest was recognized, chest compressions were initiated in, respectively, 76.8% of cases with an emotionally stressed caller and 73.9% in cases with a not emotionally stressed caller (2.18 (0.80-7.64)). Cases with an emotionally stressed caller had a longer time until chest compressions were initiated compared to cases with a not emotionally stressed caller, however non-significant (164 s. vs. 146 s.; P = 0.145). The dispatchers were significantly more likely to be encouraging and motivating, and to instruct on speed and depth of chest compressions in cases with an emotionally stressed caller compared to cases with a not emotionally stressed caller (1.64 (1.07-2.56); 1.78 (1.13-2.88)). Barriers to CPR were significantly more often reported in cases with an emotionally stressed caller compared to cases with a not emotionally stressed caller (1.83 (1.32-2.56)). CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in initiation of chest compressions or in time until initiation of chest compressions in the two groups. However, the dispatchers were overall more encouraging and motivating, and likely to instruct on speed and depth of chest compressions when the caller was emotionally stressed. Furthermore, barriers to CPR were more often reported in cases with an emotionally stressed caller compared to cases with a not emotionally stressed caller. TRIAL REGISTRATION We applied for ethical approval from The Danish National Committee on Health Research Ethics, but formal approval was waived. We received permission for storage of data and to use these for research of OHCAs in the Capital Region of Denmark by Danish Data Protection Agency (P-2021-670) and Danish Health Authorities (R-2,005,114). The study is registered at ClinicalTrials (NTC05113706).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hvidt Tuffley
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Telegrafvej 5, Ballerup, 2750, Denmark.
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Telegrafvej 5, Ballerup, 2750, Denmark
- Dept. of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, Herlev, 2730, Denmark
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Annette Kjær Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, Copenhagen, 1455, Denmark
| | | | - Gitte Linderoth
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Telegrafvej 5, Ballerup, 2750, Denmark
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
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Uçan F, Avci SB. How Does Abusive Supervision Affect Organisational Gossip? Understanding the Mediating Role of the Dark Triad. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:730. [PMID: 37754008 PMCID: PMC10525583 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the trait activation theory (TAT), personality characteristics are dormant until contextual elements stir them into action. Personality traits are expected to be activated in the context of abusive supervision. From this perspective, our paper examines whether abusive supervision affects organisational gossiping behaviour through the dark triad. To this end, this study examines the mediating effects of the dark triad on the relationship between abusive supervision and organisational gossip based on cross-sectional data gathered from two separate samples. Using the results from structural equation modelling, it is evident that abusive supervision activates the dark triad, and its context influences organisational gossip in line with the TAT. In addition, our results show that abusive supervision positively affects gossip for information gathering and relationship building, with the dark triad proving to be completely mediating. This finding implies that abusive supervision is a contextual factor, and as such, behaviours such as consistent ill treatment and non-violent, verbal or non-verbal hostile acts will have long-term and lasting effects on organisational communication in many organisations. This study offers significant policy implications concerning behavioural issues within education-centred organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Uçan
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25050, Turkey;
- Master Araştırma Eğitim ve Danışmanlık Hizmetleri Ltd., Şti., Ata Teknokent, Erzurum 25050, Turkey
| | - Salih Börteçine Avci
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25050, Turkey;
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Zeyda M, Stracke S, Knipfer K, Gloor PA. Your body tells more than words – predicting perceived meeting productivity through body signals. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2022.2162881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Zeyda
- Center for Collective Intelligence, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- TUM School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selina Stracke
- TUM School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristin Knipfer
- TUM School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter A. Gloor
- Center for Collective Intelligence, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rubin LH, Bekhbat M, Turkson S, Mehta CC, Maki PM, Anastos K, Gustafson D, Spence AB, Milam J, Chow FC, Weber K, Springer G, Gange SJ, Neigh GN. Glucocorticoid Receptor Function and Cognitive Performance in Women With HIV. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:893-903. [PMID: 36044614 PMCID: PMC9553273 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) function may be a risk factor for cognitive complications among older people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We evaluated whether HIV serostatus and age modify the GCR function-cognition association among women. METHODS Eighty women with HIV ( n = 40, <40 years of age [younger]; n = 40, >50 years of age [older]) and 80 HIV-uninfected women ( n = 40 older, n = 40 younger) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected concurrent with neuropsychological testing were assessed for GCR function. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to examine whether a) HIV serostatus and age were associated with GCR function, and b) GCR function-cognition associations are moderated by HIV serostatus and age adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Among older women, higher baseline FKBP5 expression level was associated with lower attention/working memory performance among women with HIV ( B = 6.4, standard error = 1.7, p = .0003) but not in women without HIV infection ( B = -1.7, standard error = 1.9, p = .37). There were no significant HIV serostatus by age interactions on dexamethasone (DEX)-stimulated expression of the genes regulated by the GCR or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor α levels (with or without DEX stimulation; p values > .13). HIV serostatus was associated with GC target genes PER1 ( p = .006) and DUSP1 ( p = .02), but not TSC22D3 ( p = .32), after DEX stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest that HIV serostatus and age may modify the influence of the GCR, such that the receptor is likely engaged to a similar extent, but the downstream influence of the receptor is altered, potentially through epigenetic modification of target genes.
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11
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Dai J, Wang H, Yang L, Cao X, Wang C, Gao Z, Hu W, Wen Z. The effects of emotional trait factors on simulated flight performance under an acute psychological stress situation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:2411-2418. [PMID: 34704536 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1994750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Pilots are commonly exposed to some sources of emotional and cognitive stressors, especially for flight cadets, which have an important influence on flight safety. The present study aimed to study the relationship between emotional trait factors, emotional state, mental workload and simulated flight performance (SFP) under an acute psychological stress situation. Methods. Fifty-five undergraduates were included in the study. The Wong and Law emotional intelligence scale (WLEIS), state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), stress rating questionnaire (SRQ) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index (NASA-TLX) were used as data collection tools. Nine hours of simulated flight training were conducted in a simulator of the Type-6 Primary Trainer (Aviation University Air Force, China). The simulated flight assessment was taken as the acute psychological stressor. Results. SFP was negatively correlated with tensity and state anxiety. Emotional intelligence (EI) indirectly affected the SFP mediated by emotional state and workload, and emotional state had a mediating effect on the relationship between trait anxiety and SFP. Conclusions. The findings indicated that emotional trait factors (EI and trait anxiety) may indirectly affect SFP under an acute psychological stress situation, and emotional state (tensity and state anxiety) and mental workload played an important mediating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Hang Wang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Xinsheng Cao
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Chunchen Wang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Zhijun Gao
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Wendong Hu
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Zhihong Wen
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, China
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Whiting SB, Wass SV, Green S, Thomas MSC. Stress and Learning in Pupils: Neuroscience Evidence and its Relevance for Teachers. MIND, BRAIN AND EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL MIND, BRAIN, AND EDUCATION SOCIETY 2021; 15:177-188. [PMID: 34239601 PMCID: PMC8248342 DOI: 10.1111/mbe.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how stress affects primary school children's attention and learning has developed rapidly. We know that children experience differing levels of stressors (factors that cause stress) in their environments, and that this can influence how they respond to new stressors when they occur in educational contexts. Here, we review evidence showing that stress can increase children's attention and learning capacities in some circumstances but hinder them in others. We show how children differ in their attention and learning styles, dependent on stress levels: for example, more highly stressed children may be more distracted by superficial features and may find it harder to engage in planning and voluntary control. We review intervention research on stress management techniques in children, concentrating on psychological techniques (such as mindfulness and stress reappraisal), physiological techniques (such as breathing exercises) and environmental factors (such as reducing noise). At the current time, raising teachers' awareness of pupils' differing stress responses will be an important step in accommodating the differing needs of children in their classrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue B Whiting
- Department of Psychological Sciences Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sam V Wass
- School of Psychology University of East London, London, UK
| | - Simon Green
- Department of Psychological Sciences Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael S C Thomas
- Department of Psychological Sciences Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Educational Neuroscience Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
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Monteiro S, Sibbald M. Aha! Taking on the myth that simulation-derived surprise enhances learning. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 54:510-516. [PMID: 32096233 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper aims to discuss the recurring education-related issue of the high-fidelity simulation myth. In the current instantiation, educators erroneously believe that trainees benefit from authentic uncertainty and surprise in simulation-based training. METHODS We explore the origins of this myth within the experiential learning and social constructivism theories and propose an evidence-based solution of transparent and guided instruction in simulation. RESULTS Constructivist theories highlight meaning making as the benefit of inquiry and discovery learning strategies. Inappropriate translation of this epistemology into an element of curriculum design creates unfortunate unintended consequences. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the translation of constructivist theories of learning within simulation-based education has resulted in a pervasive myth, which decrees that scenarios must introduce realistic tension or surprises to encourage exploration and insightful problem solving. We argue that this myth is masquerading as experiential learning. In this narrative review, we interpret our experiences and observations of simulation-based education through our expertise in education science and curriculum design. We offer anecdotal evidence along with a review of selected literature to establish the presence of this previously undetected myth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Monteiro
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Sibbald
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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In search of optimal psychoactivation: stimulants as cognitive performance enhancers. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 70:150-159. [PMID: 32597132 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of people, students in particular, seek substances that improve their cognitive functioning. The most popular group of pharmacological cognitive enhancers (PCEs) are stimulants. Available studies suggest a small beneficial effect of methylphenidate and amphetamine on memory, executive functions, and processing speed. However small, this effect can make the difference between success and failure. In recent years, research has focused on the additional beneficial effect on the emotional state, increased motivation, and placebo-induced cognitive enhancement. This paper briefly reviews the latest and most important research on the relationship between popular stimulants and cognitive enhancement. One cannot understand this relationship without understanding the Yerkes-Dodson law, which explains the relationship between the degree of arousal and performance. It suggests that the effect of stimulants is a dose-dependent continuum. This law has repeatedly been confirmed by studies in which an optimal level of psychoactivation for cognitive enhancement was obtained with low stimulant doses, whereas exceeding the effective dose resulted in cognitive deficits, psychomotor agitation, and addiction. A separate section has been devoted to modafinil, an increasingly popular stimulant that differs from the rest in neurochemical profile and behavioural effects.
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McCue MD, Terblanche JS, Benoit JB. Learning to starve: impacts of food limitation beyond the stress period. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:4330-4338. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.157867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Starvation is common among wild animal populations, and many individuals experience repeated bouts of starvation over the course of their lives. Although much information has been gained through laboratory studies of acute starvation, little is known about how starvation affects an animal once food is again available (i.e. during the refeeding and recovery phases). Many animals exhibit a curious phenomenon – some seem to ‘get better’ at starving following exposure to one or more starvation events – by this we mean that they exhibit potentially adaptive responses, including reduced rates of mass loss, reduced metabolic rates, and lower costs of digestion. During subsequent refeedings they may also exhibit improved digestive efficiency and more rapid mass gain. Importantly, these responses can last until the next starvation bout or even be inherited and expressed in the subsequent generation. Currently, however, little is known about the molecular regulation and physiological mechanisms underlying these changes. Here, we identify areas of research that can fill in the most pressing knowledge gaps. In particular, we highlight how recently refined techniques (e.g. stable isotope tracers, quantitative magnetic resonance and thermal measurement) as well as next-generation sequencing approaches (e.g. RNA-seq, proteomics and holobiome sequencing) can address specific starvation-focused questions. We also describe outstanding unknowns ripe for future research regarding the timing and severity of starvation, and concerning the persistence of these responses and their interactions with other ecological stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall D. McCue
- Department of Biological Sciences, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | - John S. Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Joshua B. Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Dutheil F, Duclos M, Naughton G, Dewavrin S, Cornet T, Huguet P, Chatard JC, Pereira B. WittyFit-Live Your Work Differently: Study Protocol for a Workplace-Delivered Health Promotion. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e58. [PMID: 28408363 PMCID: PMC5408138 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity before retirement has a huge cost, burdening both public health and workplace finances. Multiple factors increase morbidity such as stress at work, sedentary behavior or low physical activity, and poor nutrition practices. Nowadays, the digital world offers infinite opportunities to interact with workers. The WittyFit software was designed to understand holistic issues of workers by promoting individualized behavior changes at the workplace. OBJECTIVE The shorter term feasibility objective is to demonstrate that effective use of WittyFit will increase well-being and improve health-related behaviors. The mid-term objective is to demonstrate that WittyFit improves economic data of the companies such as productivity and benefits. The ultimate objective is to increase life expectancy of workers. METHODS This is an exploratory interventional cohort study in an ecological situation. Three groups of participants will be purposefully sampled: employees, middle managers, and executive managers. Four levels of engagement are planned for employees: commencing with baseline health profiling from validated questionnaires; individualized feedback based on evidence-based medicine; support for behavioral change; and formal evaluation of changes in knowledge, practices, and health outcomes over time. Middle managers will also receive anonymous feedback on problems encountered by employees, and executive top managers will have indicators by division, location, department, age, seniority, gender and occupational position. Managers will be able to introduce specific initiatives in the workplace. WittyFit is based on two databases: behavioral data (WittyFit) and medical data (WittyFit Research). Statistical analyses will incorporate morbidity and well-being data. When a worker leaves a workplace, the company documents one of three major explanations: retirement, relocation to another company, or premature death. Therefore, WittyFit will have the ability to include mortality as an outcome. WittyFit will evolve with the waves of connected objects further increasing its data accuracy. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France. RESULTS WittyFit recruitment and enrollment started in January 2016. First publications are expected to be available at the beginning of 2017. CONCLUSIONS The name WittyFit came from Witty and Fitness. The concept of WittyFit reflects the concept of health from the World Health Organization: being spiritually and physically healthy. WittyFit is a health-monitoring, health-promoting tool that may improve the health of workers and health of companies. WittyFit will evolve with the waves of connected objects further increasing its data accuracy with objective measures. WittyFit may constitute a powerful epidemiological database. Finally, the WittyFit concept may extend healthy living into the general population. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02596737; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02596737 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6pM5toQ7Y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Service Santé Travail Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, équipe Stress physiologique et psychosocial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martine Duclos
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Médecine du Sport, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geraldine Naughton
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Pascal Huguet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, équipe Stress physiologique et psychosocial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Claude Chatard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Physiologie de l'Exercice, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité Equipe d'Accueil 7424, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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17
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Chaby LE. Why are there lasting effects from exposure to stress during development? An analysis of current models of early stress. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:164-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Cincinnati water maze: A review of the development, methods, and evidence as a test of egocentric learning and memory. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 57:1-19. [PMID: 27545092 PMCID: PMC5056837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Advantageous maneuvering through the environment to find food and avoid or escape danger is central to survival of most animal species. The ability to do so depends on learning and remembering different locations, especially home-base. This capacity is encoded in the brain by two systems: one using cues outside the organism (distal cues), allocentric navigation, and one using self-movement, internal cues (proximal cues), for egocentric navigation. Whereas allocentric navigation involves the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and surrounding structures, egocentric navigation involves the dorsal striatum and connected structures; in humans this system encodes routes and integrated paths and when over-learned, becomes procedural memory. Allocentric assessment methods have been extensively reviewed elsewhere. The purpose of this paper is to review one specific method for assessing egocentric, route-based navigation in rats: the Cincinnati water maze (CWM). The test is an asymmetric multiple-T maze arranged in such a way that rats must learn to find path openings along walls rather at ends in order to reach the goal. Failing to do this leads to cul-de-sacs and repeated errors. The task may be learned in the light or dark, but in the dark, wherein distal cues are eliminated, provides the best assessment of egocentric navigation. When used in conjunction with tests of other types of learning, such as allocentric navigation, the CWM provides a balanced approach to assessing the two major forms of navigational learning and memory found in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles V Vorhees
- Div. of Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Michael T Williams
- Div. of Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
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Chaby LE, Sheriff MJ, Cavigelli SA, Hirrlinger AM, Lim J, Braithwaite VA. Stress During Adolescence Shapes Performance in Adulthood: Context-Dependent Effects on Foraging and Vigilance. Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Chaby
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science & Management; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Michael J. Sheriff
- Department of Ecosystem Science & Management; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Sonia A. Cavigelli
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Amy M. Hirrlinger
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - James Lim
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Victoria A. Braithwaite
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science & Management; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Biology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
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