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Dani C, Tarchi L, Cassioli E, Rossi E, Merola GP, Ficola A, Cordasco VZ, Ricca V, Castellini G. A transdiagnostic and diagnostic-specific approach on inflammatory biomarkers in eating disorders: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2024; 340:116115. [PMID: 39128168 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are severe mental illnesses with a multifactorial etiology and a chronic course. Among the biological factors related to pathogenesis and maintenance of EDs, inflammation acquired growing scientific interest. This study aimed to assess the inflammatory profile of EDs, focusing on anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and including for the first time binge eating disorder. A comprehensive research of existing literature identified 51 eligible studies for meta-analysis, comparing levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (sRANKL), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) between patients with EDs and healthy controls (HCs). The systematic review explored other inflammatory biomarkers of interest, which did not meet the meta-analysis criteria. Results revealed significantly elevated levels of TNF-α, OPG, sRANKL, and IL-1β in patients with EDs compared to HCs. Additionally, the results highlighted the heterogeneity of inflammatory state among patients with EDs, emphasizing the need for further research into the association between inflammatory biomarkers and psychopathological correlates. This approach should transcend categorical diagnoses, enabling more precise subcategorizations of patients. Overall, this study contributed to the understanding of the inflammatory pathways involved in EDs, emphasizing potential implications for diagnosis, staging, and targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Dani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Livio Tarchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rossi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Ficola
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Valdo Ricca
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Yang K, Kwon S, Burton-Murray H, Kuo B, Chan AT, Field AE, Staller K. Maladaptive weight control and eating behaviours in female adolescents/young adults are associated with increased risk of irritable bowel syndrome in adulthood: Results from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 39102895 DOI: 10.1111/apt.18197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common among individuals with eating disorders. The relationship between these conditions is likely bidirectional. However, data on the risk of IBS among those with prior eating disorders is largely limited to cross-sectional studies. AIM To prospectively evaluate the association between maladaptive weight control/eating behaviours in females during adolescence/young adulthood with subsequent IBS using the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS). METHODS Starting in 1996 (age: 9-14) and during follow-up, participants reported frequency of maladaptive eating/weight control behaviours during the past year to lose weight: self-induced vomiting (n = 5740), laxative use (n = 5438), and fasting (n = 5522) in addition to reporting binge eating (n = 4459). Starting in 2001 and during follow-up, participants reported if they had ever been diagnosed with an eating disorder (n = 5316). Incident IBS cases were identified from four questionnaire cycles (2013, 2014, 2016, 2019), with participants specifying the year of diagnosis if occurring before the questionnaire date. Multivariable logistic regressions adjusting for age, body mass index, and depressive symptoms estimated the associations of interest. RESULTS Maladaptive weight control/eating behaviours were associated with increased IBS risk [ORs (95% CIs) for laxatives to lose weight = 3.67 (2.52-5.35), vomiting to lose weight = 1.83 (1.29-2.60), fasting to lose weight = 2.62 (1.86-3.70), and bingeing = 2.25 (1.54-3.28)] as was history of eating disorder diagnosis [OR (95% CI) = 3.42 (2.38-4.90)]. The magnitude of IBS risk increased with the frequency of maladaptive behaviours. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence for the potential role of early maladaptive weight control/eating behaviours in the development of adult IBS among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sohee Kwon
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Burton-Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Braden Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alison E Field
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kyle Staller
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Huang T, Li A, Zhang S, Fan J, Hua Z, Wang X, Zhang C, Yang X. The role of gut microbiota in anorexia induced by T-2 toxin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116612. [PMID: 38896898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is one of trichothecene mycotoxins, which can impair appetite and decrease food intake. However, the specific mechanisms for T-2 toxin-induced anorexia are not fully clarified. Multiple research results had shown that gut microbiota have a significant effect on appetite regulation. Hence, this study purposed to explore the potential interactions of the gut microbiota and appetite regulate factors in anorexia induced by T-2 toxin. The study divided the mice into control group (CG, 0 mg/kg BW T-2 toxin) and T-2 toxin-treated group (TG, 1 mg/kg BW T-2 toxin), which oral gavage for 4 weeks, to construct a subacute T-2 toxin poisoning mouse model. This data proved that T-2 toxin was able to induce an anorexia in mice by increased the contents of gastrointestinal hormones (CCK, GIP, GLP-1 and PYY), neurotransmitters (5-HT and SP), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in serum of mice. T-2 toxin disturbed the composition of gut microbiota, especially, Faecalibaculum and Allobaculum, which was positively correlated with CCK, GLP-1, 5-HT, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, which played a certain role in regulating host appetite. In conclusion, gut microbiota changes (especially an increase in the abundance of Faecalibaculum and Allobaculum) promote the upregulation of gastrointestinal hormones, neurotransmitters, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may be a potential mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zeao Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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Zimmermann-Rösner A, Prehn-Kristensen A. The Microbiome in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2024; 52:213-226. [PMID: 38240707 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has increasingly emphasized the function of the microbiome in human health. The gut microbiome is essential for digesting food and seems to play a vital role in mental health as well. This review briefly overviews the gut microbiome and its interplay with the central nervous system. We then summarize some of the latest findings on the possible role of the microbiome in psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. In particular, we focus on autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Although the role of microbiota in mental development and health still needs to be researched intensively, it has become increasingly apparent that the impact of microbiota must be considered to better understand psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Prehn-Kristensen
- Institute for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Integrative Psychiatry GmbH, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg - University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Van Hul M, Neyrinck AM, Everard A, Abot A, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM, Knauf C, Cani PD. Role of the intestinal microbiota in contributing to weight disorders and associated comorbidities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0004523. [PMID: 38940505 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00045-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe gut microbiota is a major factor contributing to the regulation of energy homeostasis and has been linked to both excessive body weight and accumulation of fat mass (i.e., overweight, obesity) or body weight loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, and fat depletion (i.e., cachexia). These syndromes are characterized by multiple metabolic dysfunctions including abnormal regulation of food reward and intake, energy storage, and low-grade inflammation. Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, cachexia, and associated metabolic disorders, novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Among the different mechanisms explaining how the gut microbiota is capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between nutrition, gut microbes, and their metabolites. In this review, we discuss how gut microbes and different microbiota-derived metabolites regulate host metabolism. We describe the role of the gut barrier function in the onset of inflammation in this context. We explore the importance of the gut-to-brain axis in the regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism but also the key role played by the liver. Finally, we present specific key examples of how using targeted approaches such as prebiotics and probiotics might affect specific metabolites, their signaling pathways, and their interactions with the host and reflect on the challenges to move from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Hul
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | | | - Laure B Bindels
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
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Kooij KL, Andreani NA, van der Gun LL, Keller L, Trinh S, van der Vijgh B, Luijendijk M, Dempfle A, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Seitz J, van Elburg A, Danner UN, Baines J, Adan RAH. Fecal microbiota transplantation of patients with anorexia nervosa did not alter flexible behavior in rats. Int J Eat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38934721 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are often anxious, display inflexible behavior and disrupted reward processing. Emerging evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis in patients contributes to the disease phenotype and progression. METHODS In a preclinical study, we explored whether AN-derived microbiota impacts cognitive flexibility, anxiety, and dopamine signaling using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in tyrosine hydroxylase-cre rats. We performed probabilistic reversal learning task (PRLT) at the baseline, after antibiotic treatment, and following FMT from patients with AN and controls. We assessed flexible behavior, task engagement, and ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine signaling during and in the absence of reward. Furthermore, anxiety-like behavior was evaluated with open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. RESULTS Neither antibiotic-induced dysbiosis nor AN FMT led to significant alterations in the number of reversals or lever press strategies after reinforced or nonreinforced lever presses (win and lose-stay) in the PRLT. However, the number of initiated trials decreased after antibiotic treatment while remaining unchanged after FMT. No significant differences were observed in VTA dopamine activity, anxiety measures in the OF and EPM tests. Microbiome analysis revealed limited overlap between the microbiota of the donors and recipients. DISCUSSION No evidence was found that the microbiota of patients compared to controls, nor a depleted microbiome impacts cognitive flexibility. Nonetheless, antibiotic-induced dysbiosis resulted in reduced task engagement during the PRLT. The relatively low efficiency of the FMT is a limitation of our study and highlights the need for improved protocols to draw robust conclusions in future studies. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE While our study did not reveal direct impacts of AN-associated gut microbiota on cognitive flexibility or anxiety behaviors in our preclinical model, we observed a decrease in task engagement after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, underscoring that the presence of a gut microbiome matters. Our findings underscore the need for further refinement in FMT protocols to better elucidate the complex interplay between gut microbiota and behaviors characteristic of anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn L Kooij
- UMC Brain Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Andrea Andreani
- Section Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Section Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luna L van der Gun
- UMC Brain Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Keller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Trinh
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Mieneke Luijendijk
- UMC Brain Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Seitz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annemarie van Elburg
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Unna N Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - John Baines
- Section Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Section Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Roger A H Adan
- UMC Brain Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Norris ML. Exploring biologically oriented precision mental health initiatives for the care of patients with eating disorders: A narrative review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024. [PMID: 38867415 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders (EDs) represent a major public health burden. Increasingly, studies suggest mental health (MH) fields are failing to improve the effectiveness of treatments and that alternative models of care must be considered. Precision mental health (PMH) seeks to tailor treatment to individual needs and relies on a comprehensive understanding of the neurobiological and physiological underpinnings of mental illness. METHODS In this narrative review, published literature with focus on biological application of PMH strategies for EDs is reviewed and summarised. RESULTS A total of 39 articles were retained for the review covering a variety of themes with relevance to PMH. Many studies of biological markers with PMH applicability focused on anorexia nervosa. Although a variety of potential PMH research applications were identified, the review failed to identify any evidence of implementation into routine ED practice. CONCLUSIONS Despite the theoretical merit of biological application of PMH in ED treatment, clinical applications for standard practice are lacking. There is a need to invest further in studies that seek to identify biological markers and investigate neurobiological underpinnings of disease in hopes of targeting and developing treatments that can be better tailored to the individualised needs of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Norris
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Hu Y, Xiong Z, Huang P, He W, Zhong M, Zhang D, Tang G. Association of mental disorders with sepsis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1327315. [PMID: 38827616 PMCID: PMC11140049 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1327315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Substantial research evidence supports the correlation between mental disorders and sepsis. Nevertheless, the causal connection between a particular psychological disorder and sepsis remains unclear. Methods For investigating the causal relationships between mental disorders and sepsis, genetic variants correlated with mental disorders, including anorexia nervosa (AN), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and tourette syndrome (TS), were all extracted from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). The causal estimates and direction between these mental disorders and sepsis were evaluated employing a two-sample bidirectional MR strategy. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary approach utilized. Various sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the validity of the causal effect. Meta-analysis, multivariable MR, and mediation MR were conducted to ensure the credibility and depth of this research. Results The presence of AN was in relation to a greater likelihood of sepsis (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14; p = 0.013). A meta-analysis including validation cohorts supported this observation (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09). None of the investigated mental disorders appeared to be impacted when sepsis was set as the exposure factor. Even after adjusting for confounding factors, AN remained statistically significant (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.15; p = 0.013). Mediation analysis indicated N-formylmethionine levels (with a mediated proportion of 7.47%), cystatin D levels (2.97%), ketogluconate Metabolism (17.41%) and N10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis (20.06%) might serve as mediators in the pathogenesis of AN-sepsis. Conclusion At the gene prediction level, two-sample bidirectional MR analysis revealed that mental disorder AN had a causal association with an increased likelihood of sepsis. In addition, N-formylmethionine levels, cystatin D levels, ketogluconate metabolism and N10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis may function as potential mediators in the pathophysiology of AN-sepsis. Our research may contribute to the investigation of novel therapeutic strategies for mental illness and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Hu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihui Xiong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinge Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan He
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minlin Zhong
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danqi Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghua Tang
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Yu Z, Guo M, Yu B, Wang Y, Yan Z, Gao R. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a Mendelian randomization study of gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1396932. [PMID: 38784806 PMCID: PMC11111991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1396932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) poses a significant challenge to global public health. Despite extensive research, conclusive evidence regarding the association between gut microbes and the risk of AN and BN remains elusive. Mendelian randomization (MR) methods offer a promising avenue for elucidating potential causal relationships. Materials and methods Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets of AN and BN were retrieved from the OpenGWAS database for analysis. Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms closely associated with 196 gut bacterial taxa from the MiBioGen consortium were identified as instrumental variables. MR analysis was conducted utilizing R software, with outlier exclusion performed using the MR-PRESSO method. Causal effect estimation was undertaken employing four methods, including Inverse variance weighted. Sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity analysis, horizontal multivariate analysis, and assessment of causal directionality were carried out to assess the robustness of the findings. Results A total of 196 bacterial taxa spanning six taxonomic levels were subjected to analysis. Nine taxa demonstrating potential causal relationships with AN were identified. Among these, five taxa, including Peptostreptococcaceae, were implicated as exerting a causal effect on AN risk, while four taxa, including Gammaproteobacteria, were associated with a reduced risk of AN. Similarly, nine taxa exhibiting potential causal relationships with BN were identified. Of these, six taxa, including Clostridiales, were identified as risk factors for increased BN risk, while three taxa, including Oxalobacteraceae, were deemed protective factors. Lachnospiraceae emerged as a common influence on both AN and BN, albeit with opposing effects. No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was detected for significant estimates. Conclusion Through MR analysis, we revealed the potential causal role of 18 intestinal bacterial taxa in AN and BN, including Lachnospiraceae. It provides new insights into the mechanistic basis and intervention targets of gut microbiota-mediated AN and BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Yu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manping Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Works Station, Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Yuncheng, China
| | - Binyang Yu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zian Yan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Xu MM, Qiu WH, Ma QY, Yu ZY, Yang WM, Hu TN, Guo Y, Chen XY. Improving precision management of anxiety disorders: a Mendelian randomization study targeting specific gut microbiota and associated metabolites. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1380912. [PMID: 38655090 PMCID: PMC11035889 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1380912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence of associations between the gut microbiota and anxiety disorders, where changes in gut microbiotas may affect brain function and behavior via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, population-level studies offering a higher level of evidence for causality are lacking. Our aim was to investigate the specific gut microbiota and associated metabolites that are closely related to anxiety disorders to provide mechanistic insights and novel management perspectives for anxiety disorders. Method This study used summary-level data from publicly available Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) for 119 bacterial genera and the phenotype "All anxiety disorders" to reveal the causal effects of gut microbiota on anxiety disorders and identify specific bacterial genera associated with anxiety disorders. A two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) design was deployed, followed by comprehensive sensitivity analyses to validate the robustness of results. We further conducted multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis to investigate the potential impact of neurotransmitter-associated metabolites, bacteria-associated dietary patterns, drug use or alcohol consumption, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and physical activity on the observed associations. Results Bidirectional MR analysis identified three bacterial genera causally related to anxiety disorders: the genus Eubacterium nodatum group and genus Ruminococcaceae UCG011 were protective, while the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG011 was associated with an increased risk of anxiety disorders. Further MVMR suggested that a metabolite-dependent mechanism, primarily driven by tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glycine and cortisol, which is consistent with previous research findings, probably played a significant role in mediating the effects of these bacterial genera to anxiety disorders. Furthermore, modifying dietary pattern such as salt, sugar and processed meat intake, and adjusting smoking state and physical activity levels, appears to be the effective approaches for targeting specific gut microbiota to manage anxiety disorders. Conclusion Our findings offer potential avenues for developing precise and effective management approaches for anxiety disorders by targeting specific gut microbiota and associated metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yu Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Miao Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Nuo Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Roubalová R, Procházková P, Kovářová T, Ježková J, Hrnčíř T, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H, Papežová H. Influence of the gut microbiome on appetite-regulating neuropeptides in the hypothalamus: Insight from conventional, antibiotic-treated, and germ-free mouse models of anorexia nervosa. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106460. [PMID: 38432539 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research highlights the profound impact of the gut microbiome on neuropsychiatric disorders, shedding light on its potential role in shaping human behavior. In this study, we investigate the role of the gut microbiome in appetite regulation using activity-based anorexia (ABA) mouse model of anorexia nervosa (AN) - a severe eating disorder with significant health consequences. ABA was induced in conventional, antibiotic-treated, and germ-free mice. Our results show the clear influence of the gut microbiome on the expression of four orexigenic (neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, melanin-concentrating hormone, and orexin) and four anorexigenic peptides (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, corticotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and pro-opiomelanocortin) in the hypothalamus. Additionally, we assessed alterations in gut barrier permeability. While variations were noted in germ-free mice based on feeding and activity, they were not directly attributable to the gut microbiome. This research emphasizes that the gut microbiome is a pivotal factor in AN's appetite regulation beyond just dietary habits or physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Procházková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kovářová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janet Ježková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hrnčíř
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Papežová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Xu C, Jiang H, Feng LJ, Jiang MZ, Wang YL, Liu SJ. Christensenella minuta interacts with multiple gut bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1301073. [PMID: 38440147 PMCID: PMC10910051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1301073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut microbes form complex networks that significantly influence host health and disease treatment. Interventions with the probiotic bacteria on the gut microbiota have been demonstrated to improve host well-being. As a representative of next-generation probiotics, Christensenella minuta (C. minuta) plays a critical role in regulating energy balance and metabolic homeostasis in human bodies, showing potential in treating metabolic disorders and reducing inflammation. However, interactions of C. minuta with the members of the networked gut microbiota have rarely been explored. Methods In this study, we investigated the impact of C. minuta on fecal microbiota via metagenomic sequencing, focusing on retrieving bacterial strains and coculture assays of C. minuta with associated microbial partners. Results Our results showed that C. minuta intervention significantly reduced the diversity of fecal microorganisms, but specifically enhanced some groups of bacteria, such as Lactobacillaceae. C. minuta selectively enriched bacterial pathways that compensated for its metabolic defects on vitamin B1, B12, serine, and glutamate synthesis. Meanwhile, C. minuta cross-feeds Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and other bacteria via the production of arginine, branched-chain amino acids, fumaric acids and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetic. Both metagenomic data analysis and culture experiments revealed that C. minuta negatively correlated with Klebsiella pneumoniae and 14 other bacterial taxa, while positively correlated with F. prausnitzii. Our results advance our comprehension of C. minuta's in modulating the gut microbial network. Conclusions C. minuta disrupts the composition of the fecal microbiota. This disturbance is manifested through cross-feeding, nutritional competition, and supplementation of its own metabolic deficiencies, resulting in the specific enrichment or inhibition of the growth of certain bacteria. This study will shed light on the application of C. minuta as a probiotic for effective interventions on gut microbiomes and improvement of host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - He Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li-Juan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min-Zhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Matějková T, Dodoková A, Kreisinger J, Stopka P, Stopková R. Microbial, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling of the estrous cycle in wild house mice. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0203723. [PMID: 38171017 PMCID: PMC10846187 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02037-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic microbial communities affect the host immune system and produce molecules contributing to the odor of an individual. In many mammalian species, saliva and vaginal fluids are important sources of chemical signals that originate from bacterial metabolism and may act as honest signals of health and reproductive status. In this study, we aimed to define oral and vaginal microbiomes and their dynamics throughout the estrous cycle in wild house mice. In addition, we analyzed a subset of vaginal proteomes and metabolomes to detect potential interactions with microbiomes. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that both saliva and vagina are dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria but differ at the genus level. The oral microbiome is more stable during the estrous cycle and most abundant bacteria belong to the genera Gemella and Streptococcus, while the vaginal microbiome shows higher bacterial diversity and dynamics during the reproductive cycle and is characterized by the dominance of Muribacter and Rodentibacter. These two genera cover around 50% of the bacterial community during estrus. Proteomic profiling of vaginal fluids revealed specific protein patterns associated with different estrous phases. Highly expressed proteins in estrus involve the keratinization process thus providing estrus markers (e.g., Hrnr) while some proteins are downregulated such as immune-related proteins that limit bacterial growth (Camp, Clu, Elane, Lyz2, and Ngp). The vaginal metabolome contains volatile compounds potentially involved in chemical communication, for example, ketones, aldehydes, and esters of carboxylic acids. Data integration of all three OMICs data sets revealed high correlations, thus providing evidence that microbiomes, host proteomes, and metabolomes may interact.IMPORTANCEOur data revealed dynamic changes in vaginal, but not salivary, microbiome composition during the reproductive cycle of wild mice. With multiple OMICs platforms, we provide evidence that changes in microbiota in the vaginal environment are accompanied by changes in the proteomic and metabolomics profiles of the host. This study describes the natural microbiota of wild mice and may contribute to a better understanding of microbiome-host immune system interactions during the hormonal and cellular changes in the female reproductive tract. Moreover, analysis of volatiles in the vaginal fluid shows particular substances that can be involved in chemical communication and reproductive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Matějková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Alica Dodoková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Pavel Stopka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Romana Stopková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
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14
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Zhao W, Kodancha P, Das S. Gut Microbiome Changes in Anorexia Nervosa: A Comprehensive Review. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:68-88. [PMID: 38390943 PMCID: PMC10885100 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) remains a challenging condition in psychiatric management and its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. An imbalance in the gut microbiota composition may contribute to its pathophysiology. This review aims to explore the link between the human gut microbiota and AN (objective 1) or refeeding syndrome in AN (objective 2). The online databases MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for relevant studies. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and only answered objective 1. A total of 476 AN patients, 554 healthy-weight (HC) controls, and 0 patients with other psychiatric disorders were included. Compared to HC, there were consistently reduced abundances of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia inulinivorans, and increased Methanobrevibacter smithii, in AN patients. Changes in alpha diversity were inconsistent, while beta diversity increased in four of six studies. Our model suggests that an imbalance in gut microbiota composition leads to reduced short-chain fatty acids, contributing to a proinflammatory state in AN, which is also common in other psychiatric comorbidities. Microbial changes may also contribute to the semistarvation state through endocrine changes and altered energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | | | - Soumitra Das
- Unit of Psychiatry, Western Health, Melbourne 3021, Australia
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15
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Baenas I, Camacho-Barcia L, Miranda-Olivos R, Solé-Morata N, Misiolek A, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Probiotic and prebiotic interventions in eating disorders: A narrative review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024. [PMID: 38297469 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The review aimed to summarise and discuss findings focused on therapeutic probiotic and prebiotic interventions in eating disorders (ED). METHODS Using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science all published studies were retrieved until February 2023, following PRISMA guidelines. From the 111 initial studies, 5 met the inclusion criteria for this review. RESULTS All studies included in this narrative review were focused on anorexia nervosa (AN). Three longitudinal, randomised, controlled trials aimed to evaluate interventions with probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri, yoghurt with Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus) in children and adolescents. These studies primarily emphasised medical outcomes and anthropometric measures following the administration of probiotics. However, the findings yielded mixed results in terms of short-term weight gain or alterations in specific immunological parameters. With a lower level of evidence, supplementation with synbiotics (probiotic + prebiotic) has been associated with improvements in microbiota diversity and attenuation of inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS Research on probiotics and prebiotics in ED is limited, primarily focussing on anorexia nervosa (AN). Their use in AN regarding medical and anthropometric outcomes needs further confirmation and future research should be warranted to assess their impact on psychological and ED symptomatology, where there is a notable gap in the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Baenas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Solé-Morata
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Misiolek
- Proyecto Autoestima Relaciones y Trastornos Alimenticios (ART), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychology Services, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Shih LC, Lin RJ, Chen YL, Fu SC. Unravelling the mechanisms of underweight in Parkinson's disease by investigating into the role of gut microbiome. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:28. [PMID: 38267447 PMCID: PMC10808448 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from unintentional weight loss and are underweight, complicating the clinical course of PD patients. Gut microbiota alteration has been proven to be associated with PD, and recent studies have shown that gut microbiota could lead to muscle wasting, implying a possible role of gut microbiota in underweight PD. In this study, we aimed to (1) investigate the mechanism underlying underweight in PD patients with respect to gut microbiota and (2) estimate the extent to which gut microbiota may mediate PD-related underweight through mediation analysis. The data were adapted from Hill-Burns et al., in which 330 participants (199 PD, 131 controls) were enrolled in the study. Fecal samples were collected from participants for microbiome analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequence data were processed using DADA2. Mediation analysis was performed to quantify the effect of intestinal microbial alteration on the causal effect of PD on underweight and to identify the key bacteria that significantly mediated PD-related underweight. The results showed that the PD group had significantly more underweight patients (body mass index (BMI) < 18.5) after controlling for age and sex. Ten genera and four species were significantly different in relative abundance between the underweight and non-underweight individuals in the PD group. Mediation analysis showed that 42.29% and 37.91% of the effect of PD on underweight was mediated through intestinal microbial alterations at the genus and species levels, respectively. Five genera (Agathobacter, Eisenbergiella, Fusicatenibacter, Roseburia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_013) showed significant mediation effects. In conclusion, we found that up to 42.29% of underweight PD cases are mediated by gut microbiota, with increased pro-inflammatory bacteria and decreased SCFA-producing bacteria, which indicates that the pro-inflammatory state, disturbance of metabolism, and interference of appetite regulation may be involved in the mechanism of underweight PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ru-Jen Lin
- National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Statistics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Chen Fu
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.
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17
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Ignatyeva O, Tolyneva D, Kovalyov A, Matkava L, Terekhov M, Kashtanova D, Zagainova A, Ivanov M, Yudin V, Makarov V, Keskinov A, Kraevoy S, Yudin S. Christensenella minuta, a new candidate next-generation probiotic: current evidence and future trajectories. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1241259. [PMID: 38274765 PMCID: PMC10808311 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1241259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As the field of probiotic research continues to expand, new beneficial strains are being discovered. The Christensenellaceae family and its newly described member, Christensenella minuta, have been shown to offer great health benefits. We aimed to extensively review the existing literature on these microorganisms to highlight the advantages of their use as probiotics and address some of the most challenging aspects of their commercial production and potential solutions. Methods We applied a simple search algorithm using the key words "Christensenellaceae" and "Christensenella minuta" to find all articles reporting the biotherapeutic effects of these microorganisms. Only articles reporting evidence-based results were reviewed. Results The review showed that Christensenella minuta has demonstrated numerous beneficial properties and a wider range of uses than previously thought. Moreover, it has been shown to be oxygen-tolerant, which is an immense advantage in the manufacturing and production of Christensenella minuta-based biotherapeutics. The results suggest that Christensenellaceae and Christensenella munita specifically can play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy gut microbiome. Furthermore, Christensenellaceae have been associated with weight management. Preliminary studies suggest that this probiotic strain could have a positive impact on metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity, as well as inflammatory bowel disease. Conclusion Christensenellaceae and Christensenella munita specifically offer immense health benefits and could be used in the management and therapy of a wide range of health conditions. In addition to the impressive biotherapeutic effect, Christensenella munita is oxygen-tolerant, which facilitates commercial production and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ignatyeva
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Biomedical Agency, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Guo W, Xiong W. From gut microbiota to brain: implications on binge eating disorders. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2357177. [PMID: 38781112 PMCID: PMC11123470 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2357177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of eating disorders has been increasing over the last 50 years. Binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are two typical disabling, costly and life-threatening eating disorders that substantially compromise the physical well-being of individuals while undermining their psychological functioning. The distressing and recurrent episodes of binge eating are commonly observed in both BED and BN; however, they diverge as BN often involves the adoption of inappropriate compensatory behaviors aimed at averting weight gain. Normal eating behavior is coordinated by a well-regulated trade-off between intestinal and central ingestive mechanism. Conversely, despite the fact that the etiology of BED and BN remains incompletely resolved, emerging evidence corroborates the notion that dysbiosis of gastrointestinal microbiome and its metabolites, alteration of gut-brain axis, as well as malfunctioning central circuitry regulating motivation, execution and reward all contribute to the pathology of binge eating. In this review, we aim to outline the current state of knowledge pertaining to the potential mechanisms through which each component of the gut-brain axis participates in binge eating behaviors, and provide insight for the development of microbiome-based therapeutic interventions that hold promise in ameliorating patients afflicted with binge eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Hefei, China
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19
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Andreani NA, Sharma A, Dahmen B, Specht HE, Mannig N, Ruan V, Keller L, Baines JF, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Dempfle A, Seitz J. Longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiome in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa: microbiome-related factors associated with clinical outcome. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2304158. [PMID: 38294867 PMCID: PMC10832965 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2304158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence regarding the role of gut microbiota in anorexia nervosa (AN). Previous studies have reported that patients with AN show dysbiosis compared to healthy controls (HCs); however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear, and data on influencing factors and longitudinal course of microbiome changes are scarce. Here, we present longitudinal data of 57 adolescent inpatients diagnosed with AN at up to nine time points (including a 1-year follow-up examination) and compare these to up to six time points in 34 HCs. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to investigate the microbiome composition of fecal samples, and data on food intake, weight change, hormonal recovery (leptin levels), and clinical outcomes were recorded. Differences in microbiome composition compared to HCs were greatest during acute starvation and in the low-weight group, while diminishing with weight gain and especially weight recovery at the 1-year follow-up. Illness duration and prior weight loss were strongly associated with microbiome composition at hospital admission, whereas microbial changes during treatment were associated with kilocalories consumed, weight gain, and hormonal recovery. The microbiome at admission was prognostic for hospital readmission, and a higher abundance of Sutterella was associated with a higher body weight at the 1-year follow-up. Identifying these clinically important factors further underlines the potential relevance of gut microbial changes and may help elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of gut-brain interactions in AN. The characterization of prognostically relevant taxa could be useful to stratify patients at admission and to potentially identify candidate taxa for future supplementation studies aimed at improving AN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Andrea Andreani
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arunabh Sharma
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dahmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah E. Specht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Mannig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Ruan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara Keller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - John F. Baines
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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20
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Jezkova J, Sonka K, Kreisinger J, Prochazkova P, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Nevsimalova S, Buskova J, Merkova R, Dvorakova T, Prihodova I, Dostalova S, Roubalova R. Guardians of Rest? Investigating the gut microbiota in central hypersomnolence disorders. Sleep Med 2024; 113:95-102. [PMID: 37995475 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in elucidating the influence of the gut microbiota on sleep physiology. The gut microbiota affects the central nervous system by modulating neuronal pathways through the neuroendocrine and immune system, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, and various metabolic pathways. The gut microbiota can also influence circadian rhythms. In this study, we observed the gut microbiota composition of patients suffering from narcolepsy type 1, narcolepsy type 2, and idiopathic hypersomnia. We did not observe any changes in the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota among patient groups and healthy controls. We observed changes in beta diversity in accordance with Jaccard dissimilarities between the control group and groups of patients suffering from narcolepsy type 1 and idiopathic hypersomnia. Our results indicate that both these patient groups differ from controls relative to the presence of rare bacterial taxa. However, after adjustment for various confounding factors such as BMI, age, and gender, there were no statistical differences among the groups. This indicates that the divergence in beta diversity in the narcolepsy type 1 and idiopathic hypersomnia groups did not arise due to sleep disturbances. This study implies that using metabolomics and proteomics approaches to study the role of microbiota in sleep disorders might prove beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Jezkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sonka
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Nevsimalova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Buskova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radana Merkova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Dvorakova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Prihodova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Dostalova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Roubalova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Morisaki Y, Miyata N, Nakashima M, Hata T, Takakura S, Yoshihara K, Suematsu T, Nomoto K, Miyazaki K, Tsuji H, Sudo N. Persistence of gut dysbiosis in individuals with anorexia nervosa. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296037. [PMID: 38117788 PMCID: PMC10732397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests a crucial role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN). In this study, we carried out a series of multiple analyses of the gut microbiota of hospitalized individuals with AN over three months using 16S or 23S rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology (YIF-SCAN®), which is highly sensitive and enables the precise quantification of viable microorganisms. Despite the weight gain and improvements in psychological features observed during treatment, individuals with AN exhibited persistent gut microbial dysbiosis over the three-month duration. Principal component analysis further underscored the distinct microbial profile of individuals with AN, compared with that of age-matched healthy women at all time points. Regarding the kinetics of bacterial detection, the detection rate of Lactiplantibacillus spp. significantly increased after inpatient treatment. Additionally, the elevation in the Bifidobacterium counts during inpatient treatment was significantly correlated with the subsequent body weight gain after one year. Collectively, these findings suggest that gut dysbiosis in individuals with AN may not be easily restored solely through weight gain, highlighting the potential of therapeutic interventions targeting microbiota via dietary modifications or live biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Morisaki
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Megumi Nakashima
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shu Takakura
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshihara
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Health Sciences and Counseling, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suematsu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Nomoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya City, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobuyuki Sudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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22
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Anton-Păduraru DT, Trofin F, Nastase EV, Miftode RS, Miftode IL, Trandafirescu MF, Cojocaru E, Țarcă E, Mindru DE, Dorneanu OS. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Anorexia Nervosa in Children and Adults-Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:41. [PMID: 38203211 PMCID: PMC10779038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the factors incriminated in the appearance of eating disorders, intestinal microbiota has recently been implicated. Now there is evidence that the composition of gut microbiota is different in anorexia nervosa. We gathered many surveys on the changes in the profile of gut microbiota in patients with anorexia nervosa. This review comprehensively examines the contemporary experimental evidence concerning the bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the brain. Drawing from recent breakthroughs in this area of research, we propose that the gut microbiota significantly contributes to the intricate interplay between the body and the brain, thereby contributing to overall healthy homeostasis while concurrently impacting disease risk, including anxiety and mood disorders. Particular attention is devoted to elucidating the structure and functional relevance of the gut microbiota in the context of Anorexia Nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana-Teodora Anton-Păduraru
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-T.A.-P.); (D.E.M.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Felicia Trofin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Eduard Vasile Nastase
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Infectious Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Stefan Miftode
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Cardiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- “Sf. Spiridon” Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela-Larisa Miftode
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine II—Infectious Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mioara Florentina Trandafirescu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (E.Ț.)
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Pathology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Țarcă
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (E.Ț.)
- Department of Surgery II—Pediatric Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dana Elena Mindru
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-T.A.-P.); (D.E.M.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (E.C.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Olivia Simona Dorneanu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
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23
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Landini L, Dadson P, Gallo F, Honka MJ, Cena H. Microbiota in anorexia nervosa: potential for treatment. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:372-391. [PMID: 35875979 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by the restriction of energy intake in relation to energy needs and a significantly lowered body weight than normally expected, coupled with an intense fear of gaining weight. Treatment of AN is currently based on psychological and refeeding approaches, but their efficacy remains limited since 40% of patients after 10 years of medical care still present symptoms of AN. The intestine hosts a large community of microorganisms, called the "microbiota", which live in symbiosis with the human host. The gut microbiota of a healthy human is dominated by bacteria from two phyla: Firmicutes and, majorly, Bacteroidetes. However, the proportion in their representation differs on an individual basis and depends on many external factors including medical treatment, geographical location and hereditary, immunological and lifestyle factors. Drastic changes in dietary intake may profoundly impact the composition of the gut microbiota, and the resulting dysbiosis may play a part in the onset and/or maintenance of comorbidities associated with AN, such as gastrointestinal disorders, anxiety and depression, as well as appetite dysregulation. Furthermore, studies have reported the presence of atypical intestinal microbial composition in patients with AN compared with healthy normal-weight controls. This review addresses the current knowledge about the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of AN. The review also focuses on the bidirectional interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (microbiota-gut-brain axis), considering the potential use of the gut microbiota manipulation in the prevention and treatment of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Landini
- S.S.D. Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition ASL 4 Chiavarese Liguria-Sestri Levante Hospital, Sestri Levante, Italy
| | - Prince Dadson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Fabrizio Gallo
- S.S.D. Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition ASL 4 Chiavarese Liguria-Sestri Levante Hospital, Sestri Levante, Italy
| | | | - Hellas Cena
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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24
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Loria-Kohen V, Montiel Fernández N, López-Plaza B, Aparicio A. [Anorexia nervosa, microbiota and brain]. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:46-50. [PMID: 37929904 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disease with a high prevalence and comorbidities, characterized by a low response rate to treatment. It is considered as a multifactorial disease. In recent years, the focus has been placed on the presence of intestinal dysbiosis and its possible involvement as a causal factor as well as an alternative treatment. The objective of this work has been to review the current state of knowledge of alterations in the intestinal microbiota identified in patients with AN and the possibility of using probiotics as a therapeutic alternative. Significant changes in the diversity of species associated with weight loss have been described that could favor the perpetuation of the disorder, and that would explain many of the nutritional, gastrointestinal, psychological, and cognitive alterations present in these patients. The use of probiotics, still little studied in patients with AN, sheds some light on this matter to improve the treatment response, always hand in hand with conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030)
| | - Natalia Montiel Fernández
- Máster Universitario en Nutrición Clínica. Universidad Europea. Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud
| | - Bricia López-Plaza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPAZ). Hospital Universitario La Paz
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030). IdISSC
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25
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He P, Shen X, Guo S. Intestinal flora and linear growth in children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1252035. [PMID: 38034825 PMCID: PMC10687454 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1252035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in human growth and development as well as the regulation of human pathophysiological processes. According to research, the gut microbiota controls the host's growth and development in areas such as nutrition, metabolism, endocrine hormones, and immune modulation. The human gut microbiota has an important role in child and adolescent growth, especially when nutritional conditions are poor. In this review, we focus on recent findings about the gut microbiota's influence on child growth, including the relationship between the gut microbiota and linear growth during pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Furthermore, we also review some mechanisms by which intestinal flora influence the host's linear growth. Although the data supports a link between intestinal flora and linear development in children, our review has limitations that prohibit us from fully verifying the causal relationship between gut flora and linear development in children. Improving the gut microbiota, in conjunction with renutrition techniques, has the potential to ameliorate the growth and development impairments currently associated with chronic illness and malnutrition in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Endocrine, Genetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Chen X, Wang Z, Su J, Li H, Xiong J, Fu K, Wang Z, Yuan X, Shi Z, Miao X, Yang M, Yang Y, Shi Z. Altitude-dependent metabolite biomarkers reveal the mechanism of plateau pika adaptation to high altitudes. Integr Zool 2023; 18:1041-1055. [PMID: 36880690 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The harsh environment in the Tibetan plateau, the highest place in the world, poses thermoregulatory challenges and hypoxic stress to animals. The impacts of plateau environment on animal physiology and reproduction include external factors such as strong ultraviolet radiation and low temperature, and internal factors such as animal metabolites and gut microbiota. However, it remains unclear how plateau pika adapt to high altitudes through the combination of serum metabolites and gut microbiota. To this end, we captured 24 wild plateau pikas at the altitudes of 3400, 3600, or 3800 m a.s.l. in a Tibetan alpine grassland. Using the machine learning algorithms (random forest), we identified five biomarkers of serum metabolites indicative of the altitudes, that is, dihydrotestosterone, homo-l-arginine, alpha-ketoglutaric-acid, serotonin, and threonine, which were related to body weight, reproduction, and energy metabolism of pika. Those metabolic biomarkers were positively correlated with Lachnospiraceae_ Agathobacter, Ruminococcaceae, or Prevotellaceae_Prevotella, suggesting the close relationship between metabolites and gut microbiota. By identifying the metabolic biomarkers and gut microbiota analysis, we reveal the mechanisms of adaptation to high altitudes in plateau pika.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zaiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhu Su
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Xiong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Keyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziyue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Zunji Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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27
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West ML, Hart S, Loughman A, Jacka FN, Staudacher HM, Abbaspour A, Phillipou A, Ruusunen A, Rocks T. Challenges and priorities for researching the gut microbiota in individuals living with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:2001-2011. [PMID: 37548294 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gut microbiota is implicated in several symptoms and biological pathways relevant to anorexia nervosa (AN). Investigations into the role of the gut microbiota in AN are growing, with a specific interest in the changes that occur in response to treatment. Findings suggest that microbial species may be associated with some of the symptoms common in AN, such as depression and gastrointestinal disturbances (GID). Therefore, researchers believe the gut microbiota may have therapeutic relevance. Whilst research in this field is rapidly expanding, the unique considerations relevant to conducting gut microbiota research in individuals with AN must be addressed. METHOD We provide an overview of the published literature investigating the relationship between the gut microbiota and symptoms and behaviors present in AN, discuss important challenges in gut microbiota research, and offer recommendations for addressing these. We conclude by summarizing research design priorities for the field to move forward. RESULTS Several ways exist to reduce participant burden and accommodate challenges when researching the gut microbiota in individuals with AN. DISCUSSION Recommendations from this article are foreseen to encourage scientific rigor and thoughtful protocol planning for microbiota research in AN, including ways to reduce participant burden. Employing such methods will contribute to a better understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in AN pathophysiology and treatment. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The field of gut microbiota research is rapidly expanding, including the role of the gut microbiota in anorexia nervosa. Thoughtful planning of future research will ensure appropriate data collection for meaningful interpretation while providing a positive experience for the participant. We present current challenges, recommendations for research design and priorities to facilitate the advancement of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline L West
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Susan Hart
- Eating and Nutrition Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Cambelltown, Australia
- Nutrition Services, St Vincent's Health Network, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Eating Disorders and Body Image, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy Loughman
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heidi M Staudacher
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Afrouz Abbaspour
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Phillipou
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tetyana Rocks
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Eating Disorders and Body Image, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Quagebeur R, Dalile B, Raes J, Van Oudenhove L, Verbeke K, Vrieze E. The role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in regulating stress responses, eating behavior, and nutritional state in anorexia nervosa: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:191. [PMID: 37884972 PMCID: PMC10605799 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This protocol proposes investigating the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-namely acetate, propionate, and butyrate-as mediators of microbiota-gut-brain interactions on the acute stress response, eating behavior, and nutritional state in malnourished patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). SCFAs are produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the gut and have recently been proposed as crucial mediators of the gut microbiota's effects on the host. Emerging evidence suggests that SCFAs impact human psychobiology through endocrine, neural, and immune pathways and may regulate stress responses and eating behavior. METHOD We will conduct a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 92 patients with AN. Patients will receive either a placebo or a mixture of SCFAs (acetate propionate, butyrate) using pH-dependent colon-delivery capsules for six weeks. This clinical trial is an add-on to the standard inpatient psychotherapeutic program focusing on nutritional rehabilitation. HYPOTHESES We hypothesize that colonic SCFAs delivery will modulate neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and subjective responses to an acute laboratory psychosocial stress task. As secondary outcome measures, we will assess alterations in restrictive eating behavior and nutritional status, as reflected by changes in body mass index. Additionally, we will explore changes in microbiota composition, gastrointestinal symptoms, eating disorder psychopathology, and related comorbidities. DISCUSSION The findings of this study would enhance our understanding of how gut microbiota-affiliated metabolites, particularly SCFAs, impact the stress response and eating behavior of individuals with AN. It has the potential to provide essential insights into the complex interplay between the gut, stress system, and eating behavior and facilitate new therapeutic targets for stress-related psychiatric disorders. This protocol is prospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, with trial registration number NCT06064201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Quagebeur
- Mind-Body Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Boushra Dalile
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab (CANlab), Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elske Vrieze
- Mind-Body Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ju S, Shin Y, Han S, Kwon J, Choi TG, Kang I, Kim SS. The Gut-Brain Axis in Schizophrenia: The Implications of the Gut Microbiome and SCFA Production. Nutrients 2023; 15:4391. [PMID: 37892465 PMCID: PMC10610543 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, a severe mental illness affecting about 1% of the population, manifests during young adulthood, leading to abnormal mental function and behavior. Its multifactorial etiology involves genetic factors, experiences of adversity, infection, and gene-environment interactions. Emerging research indicates that maternal infection or stress during pregnancy may also increase schizophrenia risk in offspring. Recent research on the gut-brain axis highlights the gut microbiome's potential influence on central nervous system (CNS) function and mental health, including schizophrenia. The gut microbiota, located in the digestive system, has a significant role to play in human physiology, affecting immune system development, vitamin synthesis, and protection against pathogenic bacteria. Disruptions to the gut microbiota, caused by diet, medication use, environmental pollutants, and stress, may lead to imbalances with far-reaching effects on CNS function and mental health. Of interest are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolic byproducts produced by gut microbes during fermentation. SCFAs can cross the blood-brain barrier, influencing CNS activity, including microglia and cytokine modulation. The dysregulation of neurotransmitters produced by gut microbes may contribute to CNS disorders, including schizophrenia. This review explores the potential relationship between SCFAs, the gut microbiome, and schizophrenia. Our aim is to deepen the understanding of the gut-brain axis in schizophrenia and to elucidate its implications for future research and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhyun Ju
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhui Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Lederer AK, Rasel H, Kohnert E, Kreutz C, Huber R, Badr MT, Dellweg PKE, Bartsch F, Lang H. Gut Microbiota in Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis of Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Carcinoma-A Scoping Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2363. [PMID: 37764207 PMCID: PMC10538110 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the biliary tract are more common in Asia than in Europe, but are highly lethal due to delayed diagnosis and aggressive tumor biology. Since the biliary tract is in direct contact with the gut via the enterohepatic circulation, this suggests a potential role of gut microbiota, but to date, the role of gut microbiota in biliary tract cancers has not been elucidated. This scoping review compiles recent data on the associations between the gut microbiota and diagnosis, progression and prognosis of biliary tract cancer patients. Systematic review of the literature yielded 154 results, of which 12 studies and one systematic review were eligible for evaluation. The analyses of microbiota diversity indices were inconsistent across the included studies. In-depth analyses revealed differences between gut microbiota of biliary tract cancer patients and healthy controls, but without a clear tendency towards particular species in the studies. Additionally, most of the studies showed methodological flaws, for example non-controlling of factors that affect gut microbiota. At the current stage, there is a lack of evidence to support a general utility of gut microbiota diagnostics in biliary tract cancers. Therefore, no recommendation can be made at this time to include gut microbiota analyses in the management of biliary tract cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Lederer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Rasel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Kohnert
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBI), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBI), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Tarek Badr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Patricia K. E. Dellweg
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Bartsch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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31
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Volmer JG, McRae H, Morrison M. The evolving role of methanogenic archaea in mammalian microbiomes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1268451. [PMID: 37727289 PMCID: PMC10506414 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1268451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Methanogenic archaea (methanogens) represent a diverse group of microorganisms that inhabit various environmental and host-associated microbiomes. These organisms play an essential role in global carbon cycling given their ability to produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as a by-product of their energy production. Recent advances in culture-independent and -dependent studies have highlighted an increased prevalence of methanogens in the host-associated microbiome of diverse animal species. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that methanogens, and/or the methane they produce, may play a substantial role in human health and disease. This review addresses the expanding host-range and the emerging view of host-specific adaptations in methanogen biology and ecology, and the implications for host health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Volmer
- Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Harley McRae
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Frazer Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Frazer Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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32
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Lai S, Yan Y, Pu Y, Lin S, Qiu JG, Jiang BH, Keller MI, Wang M, Bork P, Chen WH, Zheng Y, Zhao XM. Enterotypes of the human gut mycobiome. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:179. [PMID: 37563687 PMCID: PMC10416509 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungal component of the human gut microbiome, also known as the mycobiome, plays a vital role in intestinal ecology and human health. However, the overall structure of the gut mycobiome as well as the inter-individual variations in fungal composition remains largely unknown. In this study, we collected a total of 3363 fungal sequencing samples from 16 cohorts across three continents, including 572 newly profiled samples from China. RESULTS We identify and characterize four mycobiome enterotypes using ITS profiling of 3363 samples from 16 cohorts. These enterotypes exhibit stability across populations and geographical locations and significant correlation with bacterial enterotypes. Particularly, we notice that fungal enterotypes have a strong age preference, where the enterotype dominated by Candida (i.e., Can_type enterotype) is enriched in the elderly population and confers an increased risk of multiple diseases associated with a compromised intestinal barrier. In addition, bidirectional mediation analysis reveals that the fungi-contributed aerobic respiration pathway associated with the Can_type enterotype might mediate the association between the compromised intestinal barrier and aging. CONCLUSIONS We show that the human gut mycobiome has stable compositional patterns across individuals and significantly correlates with multiple host factors, such as diseases and host age. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senying Lai
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yanni Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchun Lin
- The Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ge Qiu
- The Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- The Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Marisa Isabell Keller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peer Bork
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xing-Ming Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- International Human Phenome Institutes (Shanghai), Shanghai, China.
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Mir HD, Giorgini G, Di Marzo V. The emerging role of the endocannabinoidome-gut microbiome axis in eating disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 154:106295. [PMID: 37229916 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Among the sources of chemical signals regulating food intake, energy metabolism and body weight, few have attracted recently as much attention as the expanded endocannabinoid system, or endocannabinoidome (eCBome), and the gut microbiome, the two systems on which this review article is focussed. Therefore, it is legitimate to expect that these two systems also play a major role in the etiopathology of eating disorders (EDs), in particular of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder. The major mechanisms through which, also via interactions with other endogenous signaling systems, the eCBome, with its several lipid mediators and receptors, and the gut microbiome, via its variety of microbial kingdoms, phyla and species, and armamentarium of metabolites, intervene in these disorders, are described here, based on several published studies in either experimental models or patients. Additionally, in view of the emerging multi-faceted cross-talk mechanisms between these two complex systems, we discuss the possibility that the eCBome-gut microbiome axis is also involved in EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayatte-Dounia Mir
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et Cardiologie (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (FMED), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Giada Giorgini
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et Cardiologie (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (FMED), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Unité Mixte Internationale en Recherche Chimique et Biomoléculaire sur le Microbiome et son Impact sur la Santé Métabolique et la Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu) entre l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada, et le Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB-CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et Cardiologie (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (FMED), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Unité Mixte Internationale en Recherche Chimique et Biomoléculaire sur le Microbiome et son Impact sur la Santé Métabolique et la Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu) entre l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada, et le Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB-CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; École de nutrition, Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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34
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Liu D, Zhuang B, Wei M, Yuan T, Li J, Deng P, Du L, Yuan B, Jin Y. Oral konjac glucomannan for prevention of ionizing radiation-induced injury by regulating gut microbiota and increasing short chain fatty acids. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124402. [PMID: 37044326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-induced injury commonly happens in radiotherapy, leading to damages of the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems. Radioprotective medications are mainly applied in hospitals, although only injections are available and their gut protection is limited. Here, oral konjac glucomannan (KGM), a natural macromolecule and soluble dietary fiber, was used against ionizing radiation-induced injury. The mice were fed with KGM (0.4 g/kg) for 3 days or injected with a clinical medication amifostine before 6.5 Gy γ-ray whole body irradiation (WBI) or 13 Gy whole abdominal irradiation (WAI). In the WBI experiments, KGM improved blood cell recovery and bone marrow cell proliferation in the femur and spleen, though its effect was weaker than or similar to that of amifostine. In the WBI experiments, the gut protection of KGM was similar to or a little better than that of amifostine, involving regenerated crypts numbers, villus length, and gut permeability. Moreover, KGM remarkably enhanced the survival rates of WBI and WAI mice, consistent with amifostine. KGM, as a prebiotic, enhanced gut microbiota abundance, probiotic numbers, and short chain fatty acid production, maintaining gut homeostasis. Moreover, KGM inhibited the apoptosis of irradiated human intestinal epithelial cells. KGM is a promising natural macromolecule against ionizing radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bo Zhuang
- Department of Chemical Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tianyu Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Chemical Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Pei Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Dongfang Hospital), Beijing 100078, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bochuan Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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35
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Elwyn R, Mitchell J, Kohn MR, Driver C, Hay P, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. Novel ketamine and zinc treatment for anorexia nervosa and the potential beneficial interactions with the gut microbiome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105122. [PMID: 36907256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe illness with diverse aetiological and maintaining contributors including neurobiological, metabolic, psychological, and social determining factors. In addition to nutritional recovery, multiple psychological and pharmacological therapies and brain-based stimulations have been explored; however, existing treatments have limited efficacy. This paper outlines a neurobiological model of glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic dysfunction, exacerbated by chronic gut microbiome dysbiosis and zinc depletion at a brain and gut level. The gut microbiome is established early in development, and early exposure to stress and adversity contribute to gut microbial disturbance in AN, early dysregulation to glutamatergic and GABAergic networks, interoceptive impairment, and inhibited caloric harvest from food (e.g., zinc malabsorption, competition for zinc ions between gut bacteria and host). Zinc is a key part of glutamatergic and GABAergic networks, and also affects leptin and gut microbial function; systems dysregulated in AN. Low doses of ketamine in conjunction with zinc, could provide an efficacious combination to act on NMDA receptors and normalise glutamatergic, GABAergic and gut function in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiel Elwyn
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jules Mitchell
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael R Kohn
- AYA Medicine Westmead Hospital, CRASH (Centre for Research into Adolescent's Health) Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney University, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Driver
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI) School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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36
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Zhu R, Tian P, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Gut microbiome-brain interactions in anorexia nervosa: Potential mechanisms and regulatory strategies. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109315. [PMID: 36356938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder characterised by malnutrition, fear of weight gain, and body image disturbances. The aetiology of AN is complex, and may involve environmental factors, genetic factors, and biochemical factors, with the latter meaning that AN may be closely associated with neurons, neurotransmitters, and hormones related to appetite and emotional regulation. In addition, an increasing number of studies have shown there is a link between the intestinal microbiota and psychiatric disorders, such as depression. However, few studies and reviews have focused on AN and gut microbes. Accordingly, in this review, we examine the potential pathogenesis of AN in terms of changes in the gut microbiota and its metabolites, and their effects on AN. The neurobiological function of the nervous system in relation to AN are also been mentioned. Furthermore, we suggest future research directions for this field, and note that probiotics may be developed for use as dietary supplements to help alleviate AN in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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37
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Mohamed Elfadil O, Mundi MS, Abdelmagid MG, Patel A, Patel N, Martindale R. Butyrate: More Than a Short Chain Fatty Acid. Curr Nutr Rep 2023:10.1007/s13668-023-00461-4. [PMID: 36763294 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The mechanistic understanding of the importance and the potential benefits of the gut microbiome has exploded in potential roles in human health and disease. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyrate, are one of the key metabolic end products that has been a major focus of microbiome understanding. This brief review aims to describe butyrate's relation to certain biological concepts and their clinical application. RECENT FINDINGS Butyrate has reportedly been described as a potent pro-resolution molecule that has a significant role in maintaining gut immunity, supporting gut barrier function, regulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC), and numerous systemic roles. Further research is needed to explore potential benefits of adding SCFAs for patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Butyrate plays several biological roles in intestinal epithelium anti-inflammatory pathways with clear benefits in numerous acute and chronic disease states and overall human health helping to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Mohamed Elfadil
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Manpreet S Mundi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Marwa G Abdelmagid
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ankitaben Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nishant Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Robert Martindale
- Division of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
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38
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Dalle Grave R, Calugi S, Ruocco C, Chimini M, Segala A, Ragni M, Carruba M, Valerio A, Nisoli E. Efficacy and tolerability of a specific blend of amino acids in patients with anorexia nervosa treated in a hospital setting: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:104. [PMID: 36759873 PMCID: PMC9912576 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific blends of essential amino acids (EAA) containing a high percentage of branched-chain amino acids preserves mitochondrial metabolism and higher physical resistance in elderly mice, increasing their survival and improving physical performance and cognitive functions in malnourished elderly patients. However, no study has been yet done on patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) who regain weight with specialized intensive treatment. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of supplementation with EAA on the change in lean body mass (LBM) and other physical and psychological outcomes in patients with AN who are undergoing specialist treatment for eating disorders. METHODS This is a 13-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients will be randomized to either a mixture of a complex blend of EAA and intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (citrate, malate, succinate) supplementation (or placebo) upon admission at the intensive residential and day-hospital treatment for eating disorders. Ninety-two participants with AN aged 16-50 years will be recruited from a specialized intensive treatment of eating disorders. Double-blind assessment will be conducted at baseline (T0) and the end of the 13 weeks of treatment (T1). The study's primary aim is to evaluate the efficacy of supplementation with EAA and TCA intermediates on the change in lean body mass (LBM) with weight restoration in patients with AN who are undergoing specialist treatment for eating disorders. The secondary aims of the study are to assess the effect of dietary supplementation on physical fitness, weight restoration, modification of AN and general psychopathology, and psychosocial impairment. DISCUSSION The study's results will inform researchers and clinicians on whether supplementing a mixture of EAA and TCA cycle intermediates will improve the increase of LBM and other important physical and psychological outcomes in patients with AN who regain weight with specialized intensive treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT, NCT05290285. Registered on 22 March 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dalle Grave
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Via Monte Baldo, 89, Garda, 37016, Verona, Italy.
| | - Simona Calugi
- grid.416990.30000 0004 1787 1136Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Via Monte Baldo, 89, Garda, 37016 Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Chimini
- grid.416990.30000 0004 1787 1136Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Via Monte Baldo, 89, Garda, 37016 Verona, Italy
| | - Agnese Segala
- grid.7637.50000000417571846Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ragni
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carruba
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- grid.7637.50000000417571846Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
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Anorexia nervosa and microbiota: systematic review and critical appraisal. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:1. [PMID: 36752887 PMCID: PMC9908645 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have reported a gut microbiota imbalance or dysbiosis associated with anorexia nervosa (AN), which has prompted an appraisal of its aetiological role, and the reformulation of AN as a metabo-psychiatric disorder. Thus, the aim of this paper was to critically review the current scientific findings regarding the role of microbiota in anorexia nervosa. METHODS A systematic study of peer-reviewed literature published in four databases between 2009 and 2022 was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Both human and animal studies were included. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included. In animal models, both the preclinical and clinical findings were inconsistent regarding microbiota composition, faecal metabolite concentrations, and the effects of human faecal microbiota transplants. CONCLUSION The methodological limitations, lack of standardisation, and conceptual ambiguity hinder the analysis of microbiota as a key explanatory factor for AN. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, systematic review.
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Wu S, Zheng C, Liu N, Deng T, Wang J, Qi L, Xia L. Liuzijue training improves hypertension and modulates gut microbiota profile. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1075084. [PMID: 36760555 PMCID: PMC9905721 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1075084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liuzijue training (LZJ) is a traditional exercise integrating breathing meditation and physical exercise, which could prevent and improve hypertension symptoms. Purpose We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of LZJ on hypertensive patients from the perspectives of blood pressure (BP), vascular endothelial function, immune homeostasis, and gut microbiota. Methods We conducted a randomized, controlled, single-blind experiment to assess the effect of 12 weeks LZJ in hypertensive patients. We measured the blood pressure level, vascular endothelial function, serum inflammatory factor concentration, and fecal microbial composition of hypertension patients. Results Compared with aerobic training, LZJ has a more significant effect on serum inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-10) and gut microbiota. PCoA analysis showed that LZJ tended to transform the gut microbiota structure of hypertensive subjects into that of healthy people. This process involves significant changes in Bacteroides, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Escherichia-Shigella, Haemophilus, Megamonas, and Parabacteroides. In particular, Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella, these bacteria were closely related to the improvement of BP in hypertensive patients. Conclusion In conclusion, our results confirm that LZJ could be used as an adjuvant treatment for hypertensive patients, which could effectively reduce BP, improve the immune homeostasis and gut microbiota structure in patients, and provide a theoretical reference for the use of LZJ in the clinic. Clinical trial registration http://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx, identifier: ChiCTR2200066269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wu
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Nannan Liu
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Nursing College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luming Qi
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Xia
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ousey J, Boktor JC, Mazmanian SK. Gut microbiota suppress feeding induced by palatable foods. Curr Biol 2023; 33:147-157.e7. [PMID: 36450285 PMCID: PMC9839363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Feeding behaviors depend on intrinsic and extrinsic factors including genetics, food palatability, and the environment.1,2,3,4,5 The gut microbiota is a major environmental contributor to host physiology and impacts feeding behavior.6,7,8,9,10,11,12 Here, we explored the hypothesis that gut bacteria influence behavioral responses to palatable foods and reveal that antibiotic depletion (ABX) of the gut microbiota in mice results in overconsumption of several palatable foods with conserved effects on feeding dynamics. Gut microbiota restoration via fecal transplant into ABX mice is sufficient to rescue overconsumption of high-sucrose pellets. Operant conditioning tests found that ABX mice exhibit intensified motivation to pursue high-sucrose rewards. Accordingly, neuronal activity in mesolimbic brain regions, which have been linked with motivation and reward-seeking behavior,3 was elevated in ABX mice after consumption of high-sucrose pellets. Differential antibiotic treatment and functional microbiota transplants identified specific gut bacterial taxa from the family S24-7 and the genus Lactobacillus whose abundances associate with suppression of high-sucrose pellet consumption. Indeed, colonization of mice with S24-7 and Lactobacillus johnsonii was sufficient to reduce overconsumption of high-sucrose pellets in an antibiotic-induced model of binge eating. These results demonstrate that extrinsic influences from the gut microbiota can suppress the behavioral response toward palatable foods in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ousey
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Joseph C Boktor
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sarkis K Mazmanian
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Vasiliu O. The current state of research for psychobiotics use in the management of psychiatric disorders-A systematic literature review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1074736. [PMID: 36911130 PMCID: PMC9996157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1074736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to find new therapeutic interventions in patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders is supported by the data suggesting high rates of relapse, chronic evolution, therapeutic resistance, or lack of adherence and disability. The use of pre-, pro-, or synbiotics as add-ons in the therapeutic management of psychiatric disorders has been explored as a new way to augment the efficacy of psychotropics and to improve the chances for these patients to reach response or remission. This systematic literature review focused on the efficacy and tolerability of psychobiotics in the main categories of psychiatric disorders and it has been conducted through the most important electronic databases and clinical trial registers, using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The quality of primary and secondary reports was assessed using the criteria identified by the Academy of Nutrition and Diabetics. Forty-three sources, mostly of moderate and high quality, were reviewed in detail, and data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of psychobiotics was assessed. Studies exploring the effects of psychobiotics in mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), neurocognitive disorders, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were included. The overall tolerability of the interventions assessed was good, but the evidence to support their efficacy in specific psychiatric disorders was mixed. There have been identified data in favor of probiotics for patients with mood disorders, ADHD, and ASD, and also for the association of probiotics and selenium or synbiotics in patients with neurocognitive disorders. In several domains, the research is still in an early phase of development, e.g., in substance use disorders (only three preclinical studies being found) or eating disorders (one review was identified). Although no well-defined clinical recommendation could yet be formulated for a specific product in patients with psychiatric disorders, there is encouraging evidence to support further research, especially if focused on the identification of specific sub-populations that may benefit from this intervention. Several limitations regarding the research in this field should be addressed, i.e., the majority of the finalized trials are of short duration, there is an inherent heterogeneity of the psychiatric disorders, and the diversity of the explored Philae prevents the generalizability of the results from clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Vasiliu
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Gabriel T, Massoubre C, Hanachi M, Doré J, Lambert C, Germain N, Galusca B, Paul S. Association of gut-specific non-inflammatory T lymphocytes with chronic anorexia nervosa and constitutional thinness. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2023; 31:76-86. [PMID: 35751889 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies of AN showed low-grade inflammation. Are low-grade inflammation and circulating lymphocytes associated with chronic conditions? METHOD Peripheric blood cytokines were measured using Luminex™ technology in a chronic AN cohort (mean = 67.42 months), compared to Constitutional Thinness (CT), Constitutional Obesity (CO), and Healthy Controls (HC). Secondarily a prospective cohort of chronic AN (mean = 54.11 months) was recruited to compare the functional lymphocyte profile in blood by flow cytometry to CT and HC. RESULTS In the AN group, most cytokine concentrations were lower than in CT and HC groups. The IL-23 (98.02 pg/ml) was elevated related to HC and CO, and the IL-10 (4.178 pg/ml) was elevated versus CO. In the CT group, IL-9 (0.06216 pg/ml) was elevated compared to AN. The AN group had high Treg (9.259% of CD4+ ) and CD8+ Integrinβ7+ (9.552% of CD3+ ) versus HC for lymphocyte populations. In CT group, elevated Treg (9.7% of CD4+ ) elevated percentage of CD4+ CCR9+ (5.867% of CD3+ ) and CD8+ Integrinβ7+ (10.21% of CD3+ ) were found versus HC. CONCLUSIONS The chronic state of AN and CT is surprisingly non-inflammatory with elevated Treg cells. These results suggest that maintaining a dysregulated response to intestinal antigens may contribute to maintaining AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Gabriel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Catherine Massoubre
- Eating Disorders, Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Mouna Hanachi
- UMR Micalis Institut, INRA, Paris-Saclay University, Jouy-En-Josas, France
| | - Joel Doré
- UMR Micalis Institut, INRA, Paris-Saclay University, Jouy-En-Josas, France
| | - Claude Lambert
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Natacha Germain
- Eating Disorders, Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Bogdan Galusca
- Eating Disorders, Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Stephane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
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Dhopatkar N, Keeler JL, Mutwalli H, Whelan K, Treasure J, Himmerich H. Gastrointestinal symptoms, gut microbiome, probiotics and prebiotics in anorexia nervosa: A review of mechanistic rationale and clinical evidence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 147:105959. [PMID: 36327759 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed the pivotal role that the gut microbiota might play in psychiatric disorders. In anorexia nervosa (AN), the gut microbiota may be involved in pathophysiology as well as in the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms commonly experienced. This review collates evidence for the potential role of gut microbiota in AN, including modulation of the immune system, the gut-brain axis and GI function. We examined studies comparing gut microbiota in AN with healthy controls as well as those looking at modifications in gut microbiota with nutritional treatment. Changes in energy intake and nutritional composition influence gut microbiota and may play a role in the evolution of the gut microbial picture in AN. Additionally, some evidence indicates that pre-morbid gut microbiota may influence risk of developing AN. There appear to be similarities in gut microbial composition, mechanisms of interaction and GI symptoms experienced in AN and other GI disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and functional GI disorders. Probiotics and prebiotics have been studied in these disorders showing therapeutic effects of probiotics in some cases. Additionally, some evidence exists for the therapeutic benefits of probiotics in depression and anxiety, commonly seen as co-morbidities in AN. Moreover, preliminary evidence for the use of probiotics in AN has shown positive effects on immune modulation. Based on these findings, we discuss the potential therapeutic role for probiotics in ameliorating symptoms in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Dhopatkar
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham BR3 3BX, UK.
| | - Johanna Louise Keeler
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Hiba Mutwalli
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Janet Treasure
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham BR3 3BX, UK; Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham BR3 3BX, UK; Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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Garcia-Gil M, Ceccarini MR, Stoppini F, Cataldi S, Mazzeschi C, Delvecchio E, Albi E, Gizzi G. Brain and gut microbiota disorders in the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:516-526. [PMID: 36660007 PMCID: PMC9824428 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in eating disorders (EDs) have intensified over the past several years, revealing their unprecedented and unanticipated complexity. Results from many articles highlight critical aspects in each member of ED family. Notably, anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disorder due to undefined etiology, frequently associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsiveness, accompanied by endocrine alterations, altered immune response, increased inflammation, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Hence, an advanced knowledge of how and why a multisystem involvement exists is of paramount importance to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of AN. In this review, we describe the change in the brain structure/function focusing on hypothalamic endocrine disorders and the disequilibrium of gut microbiota in AN that might be responsible for the psychopathological complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy,Department of Biology, Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy,Department of Biology, CISUP, Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Stoppini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuela Cataldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Delvecchio
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Gizzi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Li Y, Han M, Song J, Liu S, Wang Y, Su X, Wei K, Xu Z, Li H, Wang Z. The prebiotic effects of soluble dietary fiber mixture on renal anemia and the gut microbiota in end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Transl Med 2022; 20:599. [PMID: 36517799 PMCID: PMC9753397 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal anemia is caused by end-stage renal disease (ESRD) but has a complex etiology. The application of dietary fiber (DF) to regulate the gut microbiota has shown effective therapeutic effects in some diseases, but its role in renal anemia is not clear. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of DF on renal anemia by regulating the gut microbiota and its metabolite, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). METHODS A total of 162 ESRD patients were enrolled and randomly distributed into a DF or a control group (received oral DF or potato starch, 10 g/day for 8 weeks). Hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (Fe2+), serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin and the dosage of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) before and after intervention in patients were analyzed. The gut microbiota and SCFAs in both groups were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Spearman's correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between the gut microbiota, SCFAs and the hematological indicators. RESULTS Compared with the control group, (1) the patients in the DF group had higher Hb [117.0 (12.5) g/L vs. 94.0 (14.5) g/L, p < 0.001], Fe2+ [13.23 (4.83) μmol/L vs. 10.26 (5.55) μmol/L, p < 0.001], and SF levels [54.15 (86.66) ng/ml vs. 41.48 (36.60) ng/ml, p = 0.003]. (2) The rhEPO dosage in the DF group was not significantly decreased (p = 0.12). (3) Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lactobacillus and Lactobacillaceae were increased in the DF group, and Lactobacillus and Lactobacillaceae were positively correlated with Hb (r = 0.44, p < 0.001; r = 0.44, p < 0.001) and Fe2+ levels (r = 0.26, p = 0.016; r = 0.26, p = 0.016) and negatively correlated with rhEPO dosage (r = - 0.45, p < 0.001; r = - 0.45, p < 0.001). (4) Patients in the DF group had elevated serum butyric acid (BA) levels [0.80 (1.65) vs. 0.05 (0.04), p < 0.001] and BA levels were positively correlated with Hb (r = 0.26, p = 0.019) and Fe2+ (r = 0.31, p = 0.005) and negatively correlated with rhEPO dosage (r = - 0.36, p = 0.001). Lactobacillus and Lactobacillaceae were positively correlated with BA levels (r = 0.78, p < 0.001; r = 0.78, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION DF may improve renal anemia in ESRD patients by regulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs. Trial registration This study was registered in the China Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ) on December 20, 2018 ( ChiCTR1800020232 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- grid.410638.80000 0000 8910 6733Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Min Han
- grid.410638.80000 0000 8910 6733Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Jia Song
- grid.410638.80000 0000 8910 6733Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China ,grid.410638.80000 0000 8910 6733Shandong First Medical University, No. 6699 Qingdao Street, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
| | - Shijin Liu
- grid.410638.80000 0000 8910 6733Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China ,grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079Weifang Medical University, No. 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261053 Shandong China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Xinhuan Su
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Kai Wei
- grid.410638.80000 0000 8910 6733Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Yuncheng Chengxin Hospital, West of Jiangmiaodeng Tower, Yunzhou Street, Heze, 274700 Shandong China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Lingcheng, No. 245 Zhongxing Road, Dezhou, 253599 Shandong China
| | - Zunsong Wang
- grid.410638.80000 0000 8910 6733Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
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Plasma Concentrations of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Active and Recovered Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245247. [PMID: 36558405 PMCID: PMC9781195 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is one of the most lethal psychiatric disorders. To date, we lack adequate knowledge about the (neuro)biological mechanisms of this disorder to inform evidence-based pharmacological treatment. Gut dysbiosis is a trending topic in mental health, including AN. Communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is partly mediated by metabolites produced by the gut microbiota such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Previous research has suggested a role of SCFA in weight regulation (e.g., correlations between specific SCFA-producing bacteria and BMI have been demonstrated). Moreover, fecal SCFA concentrations are reported to be altered in active AN. However, data concerning SCFA concentrations in individuals who have recovered from AN are limited. In the present study, we analyzed and compared the plasma concentrations of seven SCFA (acetic-, butyric-, formic-, isobutyric-, isovaleric-, propionic-, and succinic acid) in females with active AN (n = 109), recovered from AN (AN-REC, n = 108), and healthy-weight age-matched controls (CTRL, n = 110), and explored correlations between SCFA concentrations and BMI. Significantly lower plasma concentrations of butyric, isobutyric-, and isovaleric acid were detected in AN as well as AN-REC compared with CTRL. We also show significant correlations between plasma concentrations of SCFA and BMI. These results encourage studies evaluating whether interventions directed toward altering gut microbiota and SCFA could support weight restoration in AN.
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Quaas P, Quaas AM, Fischer M, De Geyter C. Use of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) results in monofollicular ovulation and high cumulative live birth rates: a 25-year cohort. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:2729-2736. [PMID: 36378460 PMCID: PMC9790838 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze outcomes of pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in infertile women diagnosed with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). METHODS A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted from 1996 to 2020. Sixty-six patients with the diagnosis FHA that underwent therapy using the pulsatile GnRH pump for conception were included and analyzed. The primary outcome was the live birth rate (LBR). Secondary outcomes were the number of dominant follicles, ovulation rate, biochemical pregnancy rate (BPR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), miscarriage rate, and multiple pregnancy rate. A matched control group was selected to compare the birth weight of newborn children. RESULTS During the study period, 66 patients with FHA underwent 82 treatments (14 of 66 patients had more than one treatment) and a total of 212 cycles (ovulation induction attempts) using pulsatile GnRH. The LBR per treatment was 65.9%. The ovulation rate per cycle was 96%, and monofollicular ovulation was observed in 75% of cycles. The BPR per treatment was 80.5%, and the cumulative CPR per treatment was 74.4%. The miscarriage rate was 11.5%. One dizygotic twin pregnancy was observed (1.6%). Average newborn birth weight (NBW) from patients with FHA was comparable to the control group. CONCLUSION(S) In patients with FHA, excellent pregnancy rates were achieved using the subcutaneous GnRH pump. The high cumulative LBR with normal NBW as well as low rates of multiple gestation indicate that the pulsatile GnRH pump represents a safer and more physiologic alternative to ovulation induction with injectable gonadotropins. TRIAL REGISTRATION Ethics Committee Northwest and Central Switzerland (Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz - EKNZ) - Project-ID 2020-01612.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Quaas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander M. Quaas
- Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology (RME), University Hospital, University of Basel, Vogesenstrasse 134, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Fischer
- Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology (RME), University Hospital, University of Basel, Vogesenstrasse 134, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Lower plasma concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patients with ADHD. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:36-43. [PMID: 36228390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced during bacterial fermentation, have been shown to be mediators in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis has been proposed to influence psychiatric symptoms seen in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is no report of plasma SCFA concentrations in ADHD. The aim of this study was to explore the plasma concentrations of SCFAs in children and adults with ADHD and the possible factors that could influence those levels. We collected data on age group, sex, serum vitamin D levels, delivery mode, body mass index, diet, medication and blood samples from 233 ADHD patients and 36 family-related healthy controls. The concentrations of SCFAs and the intermediary metabolite succinic acid, were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Adults with ADHD had lower plasma concentrations of formic, acetic, propionic and succinic acid than their healthy family members. When adjusting for SCFA-influential factors among those with ADHD, children had lower concentrations of formic, propionic and isovaleric acid than adults, and those who had more antibiotic medications during the last 2 years had lower concentrations of formic, propionic and succinic acid. When adjusting for antibiotic medication, we found that among children, those currently on stimulant medication had lower acetic and propionic acid levels, and adults with ADHD had lower formic and propionic acid concentrations than adult healthy family members. In all, our findings show lower-than-normal plasma concentrations of SCFAs in ADHD explained in-part by antibiotic medication, age and stimulant medication. Whether or not this is of clinical significance is yet to be explored.
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Syromyatnikov M, Nesterova E, Gladkikh M, Smirnova Y, Gryaznova M, Popov V. Characteristics of the Gut Bacterial Composition in People of Different Nationalities and Religions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091866. [PMID: 36144468 PMCID: PMC9501501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has made it possible to extensively study the human gut microbiota. The links between the human gut microbiome and ethnicity, religion, and race remain rather poorly understood. In this review, data on the relationship between gut microbiota composition and the nationality of people and their religion were generalized. The unique gut microbiome of a healthy European (including Slavic nationality) is characterized by the dominance of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Among the African population, the typical members of the microbiota are Bacteroides and Prevotella. The gut microbiome of Asians is very diverse and rich in members of the genera Prevotella, Bacteroides Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Subdoligranulum, Coprococcus, Collinsella, Megasphaera, Bifidobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium. Among Buddhists and Muslims, the Prevotella enterotype is characteristic of the gut microbiome, while other representatives of religions, including Christians, have the Bacteroides enterotype. Most likely, the gut microbiota of people of different nationalities and religions are influenced by food preferences. The review also considers the influences of pathologies such as obesity, Crohn’s disease, cancer, diabetes, etc., on the bacterial composition of the guts of people of different nationalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Syromyatnikov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ekaterina Nesterova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Maria Gladkikh
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuliya Smirnova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mariya Gryaznova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vasily Popov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
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