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Martin LS, Josset-Lamaugarny A, El Jammal T, Ducreux S, Chevalier FP, Fromy B. Aging is associated with impaired triggering of TRPV3-mediated cutaneous vasodilation: a crucial process for local heat exposure. GeroScience 2024; 46:3567-3580. [PMID: 37855862 PMCID: PMC11226586 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensing temperature is vitally important to adapt our body to environmental changes. Local warm detection is required to initiate regulation of cutaneous blood flow, which is part of the peripheral thermoregulatory mechanisms, and thus avoid damage to surrounding tissues. The mechanisms mediating cutaneous vasodilation during local heat stress are impaired with aging. However, the impact of aging on the ability of the skin to detect subtle thermal changes is unknown. Among heat-activated cation channels, transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a thermo-sensor predominantly expressed on keratinocytes and involved in local vascular thermoregulatory mechanisms of the skin in young mice. In the present study, using a murine in vivo model of local heat exposure of the skin, we showed that heat-induced vasodilation was reduced in old mice associated with reduced expression of TRPV3 channels. We also found a decrease in expression and activity of TRPV3 channel, as well as reduced TRPV3-dependent adenosine tri-phosphate release in human primary keratinocytes from old donors. This study shows that aging alters the epidermal TRPV3 channels, which might delay the detection of changes in skin temperature, thereby limiting the mechanisms triggered for local vascular thermoregulation in the old skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Martin
- CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69007, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Audrey Josset-Lamaugarny
- CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69007, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thomas El Jammal
- CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69007, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lyon Croix-Rousse, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Ducreux
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Fabien P Chevalier
- CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69007, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bérengère Fromy
- CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory (LBTI), 69007, Lyon, France.
- Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
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Pathak D, Mazumder A. A critical overview of challenging roles of medicinal plants in improvement of wound healing technology. Daru 2024; 32:379-419. [PMID: 38225520 PMCID: PMC11087437 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic diseases often hinder the natural healing process, making wound infections a prevalent clinical concern. In severe cases, complications can arise, potentially leading to fatal outcomes. While allopathic treatments offer numerous options for wound repair and management, the enduring popularity of herbal medications may be attributed to their perceived minimal side effects. Hence, this review aims to investigate the potential of herbal remedies in efficiently treating wounds, presenting a promising alternative for consideration. METHODS A literature search was done including research, reviews, systematic literature review, meta-analysis, and clinical trials considered. Search engines such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were used while retrieving data. Keywords like Wound healing 'Wound healing and herbal combinations', 'Herbal wound dressing', Nanotechnology and Wound dressing were used. RESULT This review provides valuable insights into the role of natural products and technology-based formulations in the treatment of wound infections. It evaluates the use of herbal remedies as an effective approach. Various active principles from herbs, categorized as flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and phenolic compounds, have shown effectiveness in promoting wound closure. A multitude of herbal remedies have demonstrated significant efficacy in wound management, offering an additional avenue for care. The review encompasses a total of 72 studies, involving 127 distinct herbs (excluding any common herbs shared between studies), primarily belonging to the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Apiaceae. In research, rat models were predominantly utilized to assess wound healing activities. Furthermore, advancements in herbal-based formulations using nanotechnology-based wound dressing materials, such as nanofibers, nanoemulsions, nanofiber mats, polymeric fibers, and hydrogel-based microneedles, are underway. These innovations aim to enhance targeted drug delivery and expedite recovery. Several clinical-based experimental studies have already been documented, evaluating the efficacy of various natural products for wound care and management. This signifies a promising direction in the field of wound treatment. CONCLUSION In recent years, scientists have increasingly utilized evidence-based medicine and advanced scientific techniques to validate the efficacy of herbal medicines and delve into the underlying mechanisms of their actions. However, there remains a critical need for further research to thoroughly understand how isolated chemicals extracted from herbs contribute to the healing process of intricate wounds, which may have life-threatening consequences. This ongoing research endeavor holds great promise in not only advancing our understanding but also in the development of innovative formulations that expedite the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Pathak
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), 19 Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, UP, 201306, India.
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), 19 Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, UP, 201306, India
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Zarębska EA, Kusy K, Korman P, Słomińska EM, Zieliński J. Exercise-induced changes in lower limbs skin temperature against plasma ATP among individuals with various type and level of physical activity. J Therm Biol 2024; 122:103877. [PMID: 38850622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the lower limbs skin temperature (TSK) changes in response to exhaustive whole-body exercise in trained individuals in reference to changes in plasma adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Eighteen trained participants from distinct sport type ‒ endurance (25.2 ± 4.9 yr) and speed-power (25.8 ± 3.1 yr), and 9 controls (24,9 ± 4,3 yr) ‒ were examined. Lower limbs TSK and plasma ATP measures were applied in parallel in response to incremental treadmill test and during 30-min recovery period. Plasma ATP kinetics were inversely associated to changes in TSK. The first significant decrease in TSK (76-89% of V˙ O2MAX) occurred shortly before a significant plasma ATP increase (86-97% of V˙ O2MAX). During recovery, TSK increased, reaching pre-exercise values (before exercise vs. after 30-min recovery: 31.6 ± 0.4 °C vs. 32.0 ± 0.8 °C, p = 0.855 in endurance; 32.4 ± 0.5 °C vs. 32.9 ± 0.5 °C, p = 0.061 in speed-power; 31.9 ± 0.7 °C vs. 32.4 ± 0.8 °C, p = 0.222 in controls). Plasma ATP concentration did not returned to pre-exercise values in well trained participants (before exercise vs. after 30-min recovery: 699 ± 57 nmol l-1 vs. 854 ± 31 nmol l-1, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.961 and 812 ± 35 nmol l-1 vs. 975 ± 55 nmol l-1, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.974 in endurance and speed-power, respectively), unlike in controls (651 ± 40 nmol l-1 vs. 687 ± 61 nmol·l-1, p = 0.58, η2 = 0.918). The magnitude of TSK and plasma ATP response differed between the groups (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.410 for TSK; p < 0.001, η2 = 0.833 for plasma ATP). We conclude that lower limbs TSK change indirectly corresponds to the reverse course of plasma ATP during incremental exercise and the magnitude of the response depends on the level of physical activity and the associated to it long-term metabolic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa A Zarębska
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Paweł Korman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Recovery, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ewa M Słomińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
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Peel JS, McNarry MA, Heffernan SM, Nevola VR, Kilduff LP, Coates K, Dudley E, Waldron M. The effect of 8-day oral taurine supplementation on thermoregulation during low-intensity exercise at fixed heat production in hot conditions of incremental humidity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05478-3. [PMID: 38582816 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of taurine supplementation on sweating and core temperature responses, including the transition from compensable to uncompensable heat stress, during prolonged low-intensity exercise of a fixed-heat production (~ 200W/m2) in hot conditions (37.5 °C), at both fixed and incremental vapour-pressure. METHODS Fifteen females (n = 3) and males (n = 12; 27 ± 5 years, 78 ± 9 kg, V ˙ O2max 50.3 ± 7.8 mL/kg/min), completed a treadmill walking protocol (~ 200W/m2 heat production [Ḣprod]) in the heat (37.5 ± 0.1 °C) at fixed-(16-mmHg) and ramped-humidity (∆1.5-mmHg/5-min) following 1 week of oral taurine supplementation (50 mg/kg/bm) or placebo, in a double-blind, randomised, cross-over design. Participants were assessed for whole-body sweat loss (WBSL), local sweat rate (LSR), sweat gland activation (SGA), core temperature (Tcore), breakpoint of compensability (Pcrit) and calorimetric heat transfer components. Plasma volume and plasma taurine concentrations were established through pre- and post-trial blood samples. RESULTS Taurine supplementation increased WBSL by 26.6% and 5.1% (p = 0.035), LSR by 15.5% and 7.8% (p = 0.013), SGA (1 × 1 cm) by 32.2% and 29.9% (p < 0.001) and SGA (3 × 3 cm) by 22.1% and 17.1% (p = 0.015) during the fixed- and ramped-humidity exercise periods, respectively. Evaporative heat loss was enhanced by 27% (p = 0.010), heat-storage reduced by 72% (p = 0.024) and Pcrit was greater in taurine vs placebo (25.0-mmHg vs 21.7-mmHg; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Taurine supplementation increased sweating responses during fixed Ḣprod in hot conditions, prior to substantial heat strain and before the breakpoint of compensability, demonstrating improved thermoregulatory capacity. The enhanced evaporative cooling and reduced heat-storage delayed the subsequent upward inflection in Tcore-represented by a greater Pcrit-and offers a potential dietary supplementation strategy to support thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Peel
- A-STEM Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - Melitta A McNarry
- A-STEM Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Shane M Heffernan
- A-STEM Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Venturino R Nevola
- A-STEM Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Fareham, Hampshire, UK
| | - Liam P Kilduff
- A-STEM Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Kathryn Coates
- Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ed Dudley
- Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Mark Waldron
- A-STEM Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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Trbovich M, Wu Y, Romo T, Koek W, Kellogg D. Mechanistic involvement of noradrenergic neuronal neurotransmitter release in cutaneous vasoconstriction during autonomic dysreflexia in persons with spinal cord injury. Auton Neurosci 2024; 252:103154. [PMID: 38330594 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a potentially life-threatening consequence in high (above T6) spinal cord injury that involves multiple incompletely understood mechanisms. While peripheral arteriolar vasoconstriction, which controls systemic vascular resistance, is documented to be pronounced during AD, the pathophysiological neurovascular junction mechanisms of this vasoconstriction are undefined. One hypothesized mechanism is increased neuronal release of norepinephrine and co-transmitters. We tested this by examining the effects of blockade of pre-synaptic neural release of norepinephrine and co-transmitters on cutaneous vasoconstriction during AD, using a novel non-invasive technique; bretylium (BT) iontophoresis followed by skin blood flow measurements via laser doppler flowmetry (LDF). METHODS Bretylium, a sympathetic neuronal blocking agent (blocks release of norepinephrine and co-transmitters) was applied iontophoretically to the skin of a sensate (arm) and insensate (leg) area in 8 males with motor complete tetraplegia. An nearby untreated site served as control (CON). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was measured (CVC = LDF/mean arterial pressure) at normotension before AD was elicited by bladder stimulation. The percent drop in CVC values from pre-AD vs. AD was compared among BT and CON sites in sensate and insensate areas. RESULTS There was a significant effect of treatment but no significant effect of limb/sensation or interaction of limb x treatment on CVC. The percent drop in CVC between BT and CON treated sites was 25.7±1.75 vs. 39.4±0.87, respectively (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Bretylium attenuates, but does not fully abolish vasoconstriction during AD. This suggests release of norepinephrine and cotransmitters from cutaneous sympathetic nerves is involved in cutaneous vasoconstriction during AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Trbovich
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, San Antonio, TX, United States of America; South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States of America.
| | - Yubo Wu
- South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Terry Romo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, San Antonio, TX, United States of America; South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Wouker Koek
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Dean Kellogg
- Department of Medicine, University of TX Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States of America; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center and Dept of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States of America; South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
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Podstawski R, Borysławski K, Józefacka NM, Snarska J, Hinca B, Biernat E, Podstawska A. The influence of extreme thermal stress on the physiological and psychological characteristics of young women who sporadically use the sauna: practical implications for the safe use of the sauna. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1303804. [PMID: 38344040 PMCID: PMC10853428 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1303804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Many individuals who use the sauna at a temperature of 120°C of higher are not aware of the negative consequences of extreme thermal stress. Despite extensive research into sauna use, the impact of extreme thermal stress on the physiological and psychological characteristics of sauna users have not been examined to date. Aim The aim was to determine the effect of 20 min sauna sessions with a temperature of 80°C and 120°C on the physiological and psychological characteristics of women who sporadically visit the sauna. Methods The study was conducted on 22 full-time female university students. Physical activity (PA) levels were evaluated with the Polish short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Anthropometric characteristics were measured before the first sauna session by the InBody270 body composition analyzer. Physiological parameters, including heart, energy expenditure, physical effort, and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure - SBP, and diastolic blood pressure - DBP), were assessed indirectly using Polar V800 heart rate monitors and the Omron M6 Comfort blood pressure monitor. The participants' wellbeing was assessed with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. The presence of significant correlations between heat exhaustion and heat stress variables and syncope during the second sauna session was examined with the use of classification and regression trees (CRT) and the cross-validation technique. Results Twenty-minute sauna sessions with a temperature of 80°C and 120°C induced a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the values of SBP (excluding the temperature of 120°C), DBP, and body mass, as well as a significant increase in HR and forehead temperature. Exposure to a temperature of 80°C led to a significant (p < 0.001) increase in vigor with a simultaneous decrease in tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion. In turn, sauna bathing at a temperature of 120°C had an opposite effect on the above mood parameters. Vomiting and confusion were the main predictors of syncope that occurred in some of the surveyed women. Conclusion Excessive air temperature can induce symptoms characteristic of heat exhaustion and heat stress nausea, heavy sweating, fast weak or strong HR, high body temperature, and confusion. Therefore, sauna bathing at a temperature of 80°C can be recommended to women who sporadically use the sauna, whereas exposure to a temperature of 120°C is not advised in this group of sauna users. The present findings provide highly valuable inputs for managing wellness and SPA centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Podstawski
- School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Borysławski
- Angelus Silesius University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Health, Wałbrzych, Poland
| | | | - Jadwiga Snarska
- School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bożena Hinca
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Biernat
- Collegium of World Economy, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland
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Notley SR, Mitchell D, Taylor NAS. A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 3: Heat and cold tolerance during exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1-145. [PMID: 37796292 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In this third installment of our four-part historical series, we evaluate contributions that shaped our understanding of heat and cold stress during occupational and athletic pursuits. Our first topic concerns how we tolerate, and sometimes fail to tolerate, exercise-heat stress. By 1900, physical activity with clothing- and climate-induced evaporative impediments led to an extraordinarily high incidence of heat stroke within the military. Fortunately, deep-body temperatures > 40 °C were not always fatal. Thirty years later, water immersion and patient treatments mimicking sweat evaporation were found to be effective, with the adage of cool first, transport later being adopted. We gradually acquired an understanding of thermoeffector function during heat storage, and learned about challenges to other regulatory mechanisms. In our second topic, we explore cold tolerance and intolerance. By the 1930s, hypothermia was known to reduce cutaneous circulation, particularly at the extremities, conserving body heat. Cold-induced vasodilatation hindered heat conservation, but it was protective. Increased metabolic heat production followed, driven by shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis, even during exercise and work. Physical endurance and shivering could both be compromised by hypoglycaemia. Later, treatments for hypothermia and cold injuries were refined, and the thermal after-drop was explained. In our final topic, we critique the numerous indices developed in attempts to numerically rate hot and cold stresses. The criteria for an effective thermal stress index were established by the 1930s. However, few indices satisfied those requirements, either then or now, and the surviving indices, including the unvalidated Wet-Bulb Globe-Thermometer index, do not fully predict thermal strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Notley
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan Mitchell
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nigel A S Taylor
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Park S, Kim HJ, Heo W, Shin SW, Yoon JU, Byeon GJ, Lee J, Jung J, Kim HY. Effect of local warming for arterial catheterization in adult cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:5330-5339. [PMID: 37969298 PMCID: PMC10636458 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The increase in internal diameter (ID) and cross-sectional area (CSA) may facilitate better arterial catheterization. Since an increase in body temperature can cause peripheral vasodilation, we aimed to determine if local warming of the radial artery (RA) catheterization site could improve the success rate of catheterization. Methods This randomized, controlled study enrolled 160 patients aged >18 years who were scheduled for heart surgery. They were randomized into non-warming palpation (NP), non-warming ultrasonography-guided (NU), warming palpation (WP), and warming ultrasonography-guided (WU) groups. After induction, the baseline RA ultrasonography images were collected. In the warming groups (WP, WU), local warming was applied on the catheterization site. Before catheterization, the RA ultrasonography images were collected. The primary outcome was the first-attempt success rate. The secondary outcomes included the ID and CSA of the RA and overall complications. Results Totally 152 adults were included in the analysis. The first-attempt success rates in each of the four groups were not significantly different (P=0.985). The rates in the non-warming (NP + NU) and warming (WP + WU) groups were also not different (P=0.827). Unlike non-warming group, the warming group had increased ID (3.34±0.78 vs. 3.02±0.73 mm; P<0.001) and CSA (6.9±2.8 vs. 5.8±2.4 mm2; P<0.001) compared with baseline. Conclusions Local warming for peripheral artery catheterization does not increase the first-attempt success rate in adults undergoing cardiac surgery; however, it can increase the ID and CSA of the RA and prevent vasospasm. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04969692.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Park
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Wonjae Heo
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Shin
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji-Uk Yoon
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Jo Byeon
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jimin Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Zhang R, Zhang W, Ling J, Dong J, Zhang L, Ruan Y. Association between air temperature and risk of hospitalization for genitourinary disorders: An environmental epidemiological study in Lanzhou, China. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292530. [PMID: 37819991 PMCID: PMC10566730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between air temperature and the risk of hospitalization for genitourinary disorders. METHODS Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) were used to estimate the association between air temperature and the risk of hospitalization for genitourinary disorders, with subgroup analysis by gender and age to identify the susceptible population of temperature-sensitive genitourinary system diseases. RESULTS Low mean temperature (MT) (RR = 2.001, 95% CI: 1.856~2.159), high MT (RR = 2.884, 95% CI: 2.621~3.173) and low diurnal temperature range (DTR) (RR = 1.619, 95% CI: 1.508~1.737) were all associated with the increased risk of hospitalization for genitourinary disorders in the total population analysis, and the high MT effect was stronger than the low MT effect. Subgroup analysis found that high MT was more strongly correlated in male (RR = 2.998, 95% CI: 2.623~3.427) and those <65 years (RR = 3.003, 95% CI: 2.670~3.344), and low DTR was more strongly correlated in female (RR = 1.669, 95% CI: 1.510~1.846) and those <65 years (RR = 1.643, 95% CI: 1.518~1.780). CONCLUSIONS The effect of high MT on the risk of hospitalization for genitourinary disorders is more significant than that of low MT. DTR was independently associated with the risk of hospitalization for genitourinary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runping Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wancheng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianglong Ling
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Dong
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Ruan
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Francisco MA, Gibson BM, Simmons GH, Halliwill JR, Minson CT. Cholinergic nerve contribution to cutaneous active vasodilation during exercise is similar to whole body passive heating. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:933-940. [PMID: 36825647 PMCID: PMC10069983 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00299.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic cholinergic nerve cotransmission is widely accepted as the mechanism of cutaneous active vasodilation (CAVD) during whole body passive heating (passive heating). However, recent research suggests that there may be mechanistic differences in CAVD to heating, depending on the modality of thermal loading. It is unknown whether sympathetic cholinergic cotransmission explains CAVD during exercise. This study sought to confirm the role of cholinergic nerves in CAVD during passive heating and expand these findings to exercise. It was hypothesized that CAVD during both exercise and passive heating would be abolished by cholinergic nerve blockade. Eight young (18-30 yr) recreationally active individuals exercised (1 h seated cycling at 60% V̇o2peak) and were passively heated (∼1 h seated passive heating with mean skin temperature clamped at 39°C by water-perfused suit), in randomized order on separate days. Cholinergic nerves were blocked via Botox ∼2 wk prior to the study. Skin blood flow was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry and expressed as percent of maximum cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVCmax). At the end of exercise/passive heating, internal temperature had increased by ∼0.7°C. The %CVCmax at the Botox-treated sites (exercise: 19 ± 6 and passive heating: 15 ± 14%CVCmax) was significantly less (P < 0.001) than at the untreated sites (exercise: 35 ± 11 and passive heating: 38 ± 6%CVCmax), but there were no differences between exercise and passive heating (modality, P = 0.909; modality-Botox interaction, P = 0.230). We conclude that CAVD during both exercise and passive heating is mediated by sympathetic cholinergic nerves, a critical thermoregulatory mechanism that appears to be independent of the thermal loading modality.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study establishes the primacy of cholinergic nerves to cutaneous active vasodilation during exercise and confirms this model during passive heating using a crossover study design. In addition, the mode of heating, whether passive or exercise induced, did not change the sensitivity of the cholinergic component of the thermoeffector response to increased internal temperature. Thus, cutaneous active vasodilator nerves are responsible for similar skin blood flow responses regardless of how thermal loading is accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Francisco
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Brandon M Gibson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Grant H Simmons
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - John R Halliwill
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Christopher T Minson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
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Kralj L, Lenasi H. Wavelet analysis of laser Doppler microcirculatory signals: Current applications and limitations. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1076445. [PMID: 36741808 PMCID: PMC9895103 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1076445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) has long been considered a gold standard for non-invasive assessment of skin microvascular function. Due to the laser Doppler (LD) microcirculatory signal's complex biological and physiological context, using spectral analysis is advisable to extract as many of the signal's properties as feasible. Spectral analysis can be performed using either a classical Fourier transform (FT) technique, which has the disadvantage of not being able to localize a signal in time, or wavelet analysis (WA), which provides both the time and frequency localization of the inspected signal. So far, WA of LD microcirculatory signals has revealed five characteristic frequency intervals, ranging from 0.005 to 2 Hz, each of which being related to a specific physiological influence modulating skin microcirculatory response, providing for a more thorough analysis of the signals measured in healthy and diseased individuals. Even though WA is a valuable tool for analyzing and evaluating LDF-measured microcirculatory signals, limitations remain, resulting in a lack of analytical standardization. As a more accurate assessment of human skin microcirculation may better enhance the prognosis of diseases marked by microvascular dysfunction, searching for improvements to the WA method is crucial from the clinical point of view. Accordingly, we have summarized and discussed WA application and its limitations when evaluating LD microcirculatory signals, and presented insight into possible future improvements. We adopted a novel strategy when presenting the findings of recent studies using WA by focusing on frequency intervals to contrast the findings of the various studies undertaken thus far and highlight their disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Kralj
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Lenasi
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,*Correspondence: Helena Lenasi,
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Cramer MN, Gagnon D, Laitano O, Crandall CG. Human temperature regulation under heat stress in health, disease, and injury. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1907-1989. [PMID: 35679471 PMCID: PMC9394784 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00047.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body constantly exchanges heat with the environment. Temperature regulation is a homeostatic feedback control system that ensures deep body temperature is maintained within narrow limits despite wide variations in environmental conditions and activity-related elevations in metabolic heat production. Extensive research has been performed to study the physiological regulation of deep body temperature. This review focuses on healthy and disordered human temperature regulation during heat stress. Central to this discussion is the notion that various morphological features, intrinsic factors, diseases, and injuries independently and interactively influence deep body temperature during exercise and/or exposure to hot ambient temperatures. The first sections review fundamental aspects of the human heat stress response, including the biophysical principles governing heat balance and the autonomic control of heat loss thermoeffectors. Next, we discuss the effects of different intrinsic factors (morphology, heat adaptation, biological sex, and age), diseases (neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic, and genetic), and injuries (spinal cord injury, deep burns, and heat stroke), with emphasis on the mechanisms by which these factors enhance or disturb the regulation of deep body temperature during heat stress. We conclude with key unanswered questions in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Cramer
- Defence Research and Development Canada-Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Gagnon
- Montreal Heart Institute and School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Orlando Laitano
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Craig G Crandall
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Trbovich M, Wu B, Koek W, Wecht J, Kellogg D. Are Thermoregulatory Sweating and Active Vasodilation in Skin Controlled by Separate Nerves During Passive Heat Stress in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury? Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2022; 28:84-95. [PMID: 36457358 PMCID: PMC9678215 DOI: 10.46292/sci21-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Sudomotor responses (SR) and active vasodilation (AVD) are the primary means of heat dissipation during passive heat stress (PHS). It is unknown if they are controlled by a single or separate set of nerves. Older qualitative studies suggest that persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) have discordant areas of sweating and vasodilation. Objectives To test the hypothesis that neural control of SR and AVD is through separate nerves by measuring SR and vasodilation in persons with SCI to determine if these areas are concordant or discordant. Methods Nine persons with tetraplegia, 13 with paraplegia, and nine able-bodied controls underwent PHS (core temperature rise 1°C) twice. Initially, the starch iodine test measured SR post-PHS in skin surface areas surrounding the level of injury. Subsequently, laser Doppler imagery scans measured vasodilation pre- and post-PHS in areas with and without SR. Percent change in red blood cell (RBC) flux was compared in areas with and without SR. Results Persons with tetraplegia were anhidrotic on all areas; however, the same areas demonstrated minimal RBC flux change significantly less than equivalent able-bodied skin surface areas. In persons with paraplegia, areas of intact SR correlated with areas of RBC flux change quantitatively comparable to able-bodied persons. In anhidrotic areas, RBC flux change was significantly less than areas with SR and likely resulted from non-AVD mechanisms. Conclusion In persons with SCI under PHS, areas with intact SR and AVD are concordant, suggesting these two aspects of thermoregulation are controlled by a single set of nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Trbovich
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital, San Antonio, Texas
- South Texas Veteran’s Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Beth Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Wouker Koek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jill Wecht
- James J Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Dean Kellogg
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center and Dept of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- South Texas Veteran’s Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
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Sciarrone DFG, McLaughlin RA, Argarini R, To M, Naylor LH, Bolam LM, Carter HH, Green DJ. Visualising and quantifying microvascular structure and function in patients with heart failure using optical coherence tomography. J Physiol 2022; 600:3921-3929. [PMID: 35869823 PMCID: PMC9541462 DOI: 10.1113/jp282940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Key points
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. G. Sciarrone
- Cardiovascular Research Group School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics School of Biomedicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
- School of Engineering University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Raden Argarini
- Cardiovascular Research Group School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Australia
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University Surabaya Indonesia
| | - Minh‐Son To
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Flinders University Bedford Park Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery Flinders Medical Centre Bedford Park Australia
| | - Louise H. Naylor
- Cardiovascular Research Group School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Lucy M. Bolam
- Cardiovascular Research Group School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Howard H. Carter
- Cardiovascular Research Group School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Daniel J. Green
- Cardiovascular Research Group School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) University of Western Australia Perth Australia
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Huang YW, Huang HP, Hsu CK, Lee JYY. Hydroxocobalamin: An Effective Treatment for Flushing and Persistent Erythema in Rosacea. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2022; 15:42-45. [PMID: 35783562 PMCID: PMC9239126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is higher in rosacea skin samples than in normal skin controls. Hydroxocobalamin is a potent inhibitor of all isoforms of NOS, capable of reducing the vasodilatations induced by nitric oxide. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the role of hydroxocobalamin in treating facial flushing and persistent erythema of rosacea. METHODS Thirteen patients with rosacea who displayed facial flushing and persistent erythema received 1 to 4 weekly intramuscular injections of hydroxocobalamin 1 to 2 mg. The outcomes were measured using the Clinician's Erythema Assessment (CEA) by photography and an infrared thermometer to evaluate the difference in skin surface temperature (SST) of the cheeks before and after treatment. RESULTS Thirty minutes after the first dose of intramuscular injection of hydroxocobalamin, the mean CEA significantly reduced from 2.2± 0.6 to 1.2±0.4 (p<0.001), and average SST also significantly reduced from 36.7±0.70°C to 36.2±0.61°C (p<0.001) on the cheeks. CONCLUSION In our patient sample, intramuscular administration of hydroxocobalamin was effective for immediate reduction of facial erythema associated with rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Huang
- Dr. Yi-Wei Huang is with the Department of Dermatology at National Taiwan University Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Peng Huang
- Dr. Hui-Peng Huang is with Huang Hui-Peng Dermatology Clinic in Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Drs. Hsu and Lee are with the Departments of Dermatology at National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine in Taiwan
| | - Julia Yu-Yun Lee
- Drs. Hsu and Lee are with the Departments of Dermatology at National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine in Taiwan
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Sogorski A, Becker A, Dadras M, Wallner C, Wagner JM, Glinski MV, Lehnhardt M, Behr B. Superior Enhancement of Cutaneous Microcirculation Due to “Cyclic” Application of a Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Device in Humans – Local and Remote Effects. Front Surg 2022; 9:822122. [PMID: 35310447 PMCID: PMC8929571 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.822122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Despite a common utilization of “Negative Pressure Wound Therapy” (NPWT) Devices in a wide range of specialties, some of the basic mechanisms of action of the techniques are still on debate. Conflicting results from prior studies demonstrate our lack of understanding how wound-bed perfusion or cutaneous microcirculation is affected by NPWT. Methods We conducted a prospective randomized study which included 45 healthy subjects to further investigate the acute effects of NPWT on cutaneous microcirculation underneath the applied dressing. Three modes of application, namely, continuous, intermittent, cyclic, were tested. Amongst others, measurements of elicited surface pressure and a comprehensive microcirculatory analysis were carried out by utilizing an O2C-device. For the detection of (systemic) remote effects, perfusion changes of the contra-lateral thigh were evaluated. Results All three tested modes of application led to a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in local tissue perfusion with an increased blood flow of max +151% and tissue oxygen saturation of +28.2% compared to baseline values. Surface pressure under the dressing significantly increased up to 29.29 mmHg due to the activation of the NPWT device. Continuous, intermittent, and cyclic application of negative pressure were accurately sensed by participants, resulting in reported pain values that mirrored the different levels of applied suction. Although the cyclic application mode showed the most pronounced effects regarding microcirculatory changes, no statistical significance between groups was observed. Conclusion We could demonstrate a significant improvement of cutaneous microcirculation under an applied NPWT dressing with favorable effects due to cyclic mode of application. An increased surface pressure leads to a better venous drainage of the tissue, which was shown to increase arterial inflow with a consecutive improvement of oxygen supply. Further research is warranted to evaluate our findings regarding wound bed perfusion in the clinical field with respect to formation of granulation tissue and wound healing.
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Comparison of the Clinical Effectiveness Between Infrared Thermography and Electrophysiology Tests in Spinal Intradural Extramedullary Schwannoma. Korean J Neurotrauma 2022; 18:306-313. [DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2022.18.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Favilla AB, Horning M, Costa DP. Advances in thermal physiology of diving marine mammals: The dual role of peripheral perfusion. Temperature (Austin) 2021; 9:46-66. [PMID: 35655662 PMCID: PMC9154795 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2021.1988817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to maintain a high core body temperature is a defining characteristic of all mammals, yet their diverse habitats present disparate thermal challenges that have led to specialized adaptations. Marine mammals inhabit a highly conductive environment. Their thermoregulatory capabilities far exceed our own despite having limited avenues of heat transfer. Additionally, marine mammals must balance their thermoregulatory demands with those associated with diving (i.e. oxygen conservation), both of which rely on cardiovascular adjustments. This review presents the progress and novel efforts in investigating marine mammal thermoregulation, with a particular focus on the role of peripheral perfusion. Early studies in marine mammal thermal physiology were primarily performed in the laboratory and provided foundational knowledge through in vivo experiments and ex vivo measurements. However, the ecological relevance of these findings remains unknown because comparable efforts on free-ranging animals have been limited. We demonstrate the utility of biologgers for studying their thermal adaptations in the context in which they evolved. Our preliminary results from freely diving northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) reveal blubber’s dynamic nature and the complex interaction between thermoregulation and the dive response due to the dual role of peripheral perfusion. Further exploring the potential use of biologgers for measuring physiological variables relevant to thermal physiology in other marine mammal species will enhance our understanding of the relative importance of morphology, physiology, and behavior for thermoregulation and overall homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina B. Favilla
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Markus Horning
- Wildlife Technology Frontiers, Seward, AK, United States
| | - Daniel P. Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
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Wongsanao T, Leemingsawat W, Panapisal V, Kritpet T. Thermoregulatory effects of guava leaf extract-menthol toner application for post-exercise use. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:854-859. [PMID: 34196588 PMCID: PMC8253185 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1942925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) leaf contains a wide variety of bioactive compounds that contribute valuable effects on human well-being. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the influence of guava leaf extract-menthol toner on thermoregulation, including perspiration, skin temperature, and recovery heart rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessed the effects of the guava leaf extract-menthol toner and placebo with a 1-week washout period. Sixty-four participants were enrolled. The participants exercised on a treadmill until a 75% heart rate reserve was achieved for 5 min, followed by a 5 min post-exercise rest period. The skin temperature and heart rate were then measured before 5 mL of the testing product was sprayed to specific areas of the body, left it for 30 sec before wiped off. Post-exercise perspiration and skin temperatures were collected by sweat patches and measured by the Skin-thermometer ST500, respectively. A 20 min heart rate monitoring period started 10 min after the exercise and measured every 2 min intervals. RESULTS Use of the toner significantly reduced post-exercise perspiration to approximately half of the baseline and placebo use values (p < 0.05). Furthermore, relative heart rate changes showed no significant differences among the tests (p > 0.05). Skin temperature was also unaffected (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Guava leaf extract-menthol toner reduced perspiration by astringent effects but did not influence heat dissipation and did not affect cardiovascular mechanism compared to the controls. Additional cleaning with guava leaf extract-menthol toner could offer better hygiene after a workout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titeyut Wongsanao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Vipaporn Panapisal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy and Cosmetics Strategic Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University Drug and Health Products Innovation & Promotion Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kang S, Kim K, Jun SH, Lee S, Kim J, Shin JG, Kim Y, Kim M, Park SG, Kang NG. Anti-Irritant Strategy against Retinol Based on the Genetic Analysis of Korean Population: A Genetically Guided Top-Down Approach. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122006. [PMID: 34959288 PMCID: PMC8706521 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol, one of the most powerful cosmetic materials for anti-aging supported by a solid scientific background, exhibits a wide range of type and severity of irritation while showing limited user compliance. The lack of understanding of the mechanism of retinol-induced irritation has been the main hurdle in the development of anti-irritation strategies. Here, we identified 30 genetic markers related to the susceptibility to retinol-induced irritation in the Korean population. Based on the genetic analysis, a novel formula against retinol-induced irritation was developed, which mitigated the molecular pathogenesis—as indicated by the genetic markers—of the retinol-induced irritation. In human tests, this formula effectively decreased retinol-induced irritation. Furthermore, a polygenic risk score model for irritation was constructed and validated. Our comprehensive approach for the analysis of retinol-induced irritation will not only aid the development of anti-irritation strategies to ensure higher user compliance but also contribute to improving the current knowledge about the biological effects of retinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seung-Hyun Jun
- Correspondence: (S.-H.J.); (N.-G.K.); Tel.: +82-2-6980-1239 (S.-H.J.); +82-2-6980-1533 (N.-G.K.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nae-Gyu Kang
- Correspondence: (S.-H.J.); (N.-G.K.); Tel.: +82-2-6980-1239 (S.-H.J.); +82-2-6980-1533 (N.-G.K.)
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21
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Gonzalez-Rivas P, Prathap P, DiGiacomo K, Cottrell J, Leury B, Chauhan S, Dunshea F. Reducing rumen starch fermentation of wheat with 3% NaOH does not reduce whole tract starch digestibility and increases energy utilization in wethers during heat stress. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Kumar NS, Bart J, Barton C, Graham ML, Leung PP, Tittley TD, Lee I, Bang C, Bauman WA, Handrakis JP. Core Temperature Lability Predicts Sympathetic Interruption and Cognitive Performance during Heat Exposure in Persons with Spinal Cord Injuries. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2141-2150. [PMID: 33882698 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among persons with high spinal cord injury (Hi-SCI: > T5), changes in core body temperature (Tcore) and cognitive performance during heat exposure appear related to degree of sympathetic interruption. Twenty men with Hi-SCI (C4-T4, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale [AIS] A-B) and 19 matched, able-bodied controls were acclimated to 27°C baseline (BL) before exposure to 35°C heat challenge (HC). Two groups, differentiated by increase in Tcore during HC, were identified: high responders (HR-SCI: ΔTcore ≥0.5°C; n = 13, C4-T2) and low responders (LR-SCI: ΔTcore <0.5°C; n = 7, C4-T4). Tcore, distal skin temperatures (Tskavg), and distal microvascular perfusion (LDFboth feet) were measured, as were indices of sympathetic integrity, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and extremity sweat rate (SRavg). Cognitive performance was assessed at BL and post-HC, using the Stroop Color and Word and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) Digit Span tests. At BL, Tcore of the HR-SCI group (36.6 ± 0.4°C) was lower than that for the LR-SCI (37.1 ± 0.3°C; p = 0.011) and control groups (37.3 ± 0.3°C; p < 0.001). After HC, Tcore was not different among groups. MAP of the HR-SCI group (70.9 ± 9.8 mm Hg) was lower than that of the LR-SCI (81.8 ± 7.0 mm Hg; p = 0.048) and control groups (89.9 ± 9.9 mm Hg; p < 0.001). SRavg increased more in the control group (77.0 ± 52.5 nL/cm2/min) than in the HR-SCI group (15.5 ± 22.0 nL/cm2/min; p = 0.001). Only the HR-SCI group had significant increases in T-Scores of Stroop Word (7.5 ± 4.4; p < 0.001), WAIS-IV Digit Span Sequence (1.9 ± 1.8; p = 0.002), and WAIS-IV Digit Span Total (1.4 ± 1.6; p = 0.008). Persons with SCI who responded to HC with a greater change in Tcore demonstrated evidence of greater sympathetic interruption and had an associated improvement in cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Kumar
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Bart
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- New York Institute of Technology, Department of Physical Therapy, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Christian Barton
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- New York Institute of Technology, Department of Physical Therapy, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Marin L Graham
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- New York Institute of Technology, Department of Physical Therapy, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Patricia P Leung
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- New York Institute of Technology, Department of Physical Therapy, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Tishina D Tittley
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ingrid Lee
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Charlene Bang
- Medical Service, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine and The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - William A Bauman
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Medical Service, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine and The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John P Handrakis
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- New York Institute of Technology, Department of Physical Therapy, Old Westbury, New York, USA
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Valenzuela PL, Martín-Candilejo R, Sánchez-Martínez G, Bouzas Marins JC, de la Villa P, Sillero-Quintana M. Ischemic Preconditioning and Muscle Force Capabilities. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2187-2192. [PMID: 30908369 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Valenzuela, PL, Martín-Candilejo, R, Sánchez-Martínez, G, Bouzas Marins, JC, de la Villa, P, and Sillero-Quintana, M. Ischemic preconditioning and muscle force capabilities. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2187-2192, 2021-This study analyzed the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on muscle force capabilities. Sixteen male subjects participated in this randomized, crossover, sham-controlled study. They were assigned to either IPC (3 × 5 minutes at 220 mm Hg in both arms with 5-minute rests) or a sham intervention (SHAM) (occlusion pressure set at 10 mm Hg). Forty minutes later, their force capabilities on the bench press exercise were assessed (load-velocity relationship with light, moderate, and heavy loads [30, 50, and 70% body mass, respectively]; 1 repetition maximum [1RM]; and number of repetitions to failure in 3 sets with 60% RM). The skin temperature (Tsk) of the pectoral and biceps muscles was analyzed as a secondary endpoint by means of infrared thermography. A significant decrease in the Tsk of the pectoral and biceps muscles was observed after the intervention (p < 0.01) and before the warm-up (p < 0.05) in IPC, but not in SHAM. However, exercise resulted in a similar Tsk increase in the pectoral muscles in both conditions (p > 0.05). No significant differences (p > 0.05 for all) were observed between conditions in the mean velocity attained with light (1.11 ± 0.11 and 1.09 ± 0.14 m·s-1, respectively), moderate (0.83 ± 0.14 and 0.83 ± 0.16 m·s-1), nor heavy loads (0.56 ± 0.17 and 0.54 ± 0.16 m·s-1), in 1RM (75.0 ± 18.9 and 73.1 ± 15.0 kg for IPC and SHAM, respectively; p = 0.181), nor in the number of repetitions performed (52 ± 13 and 54 ± 16 repetitions, p = 0.492). In summary, IPC decreased Tsk locally (biceps) and remotely (pectoral). However, it did not alter muscle force capabilities nor the Tsk response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Systems Biology Department, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Sport and Health, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport (AEPSAD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosalía Martín-Candilejo
- Sports Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF Madrid), Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; and
| | | | - Joao Carlos Bouzas Marins
- Department of Physical Education, Human Performance Laboratory, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Manuel Sillero-Quintana
- Sports Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF Madrid), Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; and
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Bessler S, Hess K, Weigt H, von Ramin M. Biological transformation-battery protection inspired by wound healing. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2021; 16:056008. [PMID: 34233318 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges for electric vehicle safety and mobility is the development of battery protection mechanisms that are able to cope with irregular and unpredictable heating of the battery unit. Biological protection mechanisms are considered to be one of the most effective and resilient mechanisms due to their ability to react dynamically and adaptively to unpredictable disturbances. Consequently, biological systems can be viewed as models for high resiliency that provide inspiration for tackling issues such as excessive resource consumption or low technical resilience. This study demonstrates the improvement of the safety of an electric vehicle battery system inspired by wound healing and pain reflex response, which are among the most important protective mechanisms of the human body system. In particular, the individual mechanisms are systematically characterized, their underlying principles identified and transferred to a simulated battery system using a novel attribute-based method. As a result, the detection of irregular heating is improved and cooling of the battery system is more efficient. Further, this example can be used to explain how protective mechanisms that contribute to the resilience of biological systems can be abstracted and transferred to different technical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bessler
- Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI, Am Klingelberg 1, 79588 Efringen-Kirchen, Germany
| | - Katharina Hess
- Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI, Am Klingelberg 1, 79588 Efringen-Kirchen, Germany
| | - Henning Weigt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte von Ramin
- Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI, Am Klingelberg 1, 79588 Efringen-Kirchen, Germany
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25
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Wecht JM, Krassioukov AV, Alexander M, Handrakis JP, McKenna SL, Kennelly M, Trbovich M, Biering-Sorensen F, Burns S, Elliott SL, Graves D, Hamer J, Krogh K, Linsenmeyer TA, Liu N, Hagen EM, Phillips AA, Previnaire JG, Rodriguez GM, Slocum C, Wilson JR. International Standards to document Autonomic Function following SCI (ISAFSCI): Second Edition. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2021; 27:23-49. [PMID: 34108833 DOI: 10.46292/sci2702-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Wecht
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY.,Bronx Veterans Medical Research Foundation, Bronx, NY.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Andrei V Krassioukov
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) and Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia.,Spinal Cord Program, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,President, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)
| | - Maralee Alexander
- Sustain Our Abilities, Birmingham, AL.,University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - John P Handrakis
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY.,Bronx Veterans Medical Research Foundation, Bronx, NY.,New York Institute of Technology, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, Old Westbury, NY
| | - Stephen L McKenna
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael Kennelly
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY.,Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) and Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia
| | - Michele Trbovich
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio
| | - Fin Biering-Sorensen
- Department for Spinal Cord Injuries, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen Burns
- Spinal Cord Injury Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Stacy L Elliott
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) and Division of Sexual Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia
| | - Daniel Graves
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Klaus Krogh
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Todd A Linsenmeyer
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Surgery ( Division of Urology), Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ellen Merete Hagen
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queens Square, UCLH, London, UK.,Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aaron A Phillips
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiac Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary.,Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | | | - Gianna M Rodriguez
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chloe Slocum
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA.,Harvard Medical School Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Boston, MA
| | - James R Wilson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University-SOM, Cleveland, OH
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26
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Bosselmann T, Kolbenschlag J, Goertz O, Zahn P, Prantl L, Lehnhardt M, Behr B, Sogorski A. Improvement of Superficial and Deep Cutaneous Microcirculation Due to Axillary Plexus Anesthesia Impaired by Smoking. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10102114. [PMID: 34068862 PMCID: PMC8153641 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding microvascular physiology is key to any reconstructive procedure. Current concepts in anesthesia increasingly involve regional peripheral nerve blockade during microvascular reconstructive procedures. Whereas favorable effects on perfusion due to these techniques have been reported earlier, little evidence focusing on its effects in most peripheral vascular compartments is available. Methods: A total of 30 patients who were to receive axillary plexus blockade (APB) were included. Microcirculatory assessment of the dependent extremity was conducted utilizing combined laser-Doppler flowmetry and white light spectroscopy. Two probes (1–2 and 7–8 mm penetration depth) were used to assess changes in microcirculation. Results: APB resulted in significant changes to both superficial and deep cutaneous microcirculation. Changes in blood flow were most prominent in superficial layers with a maximum increase of +617% compared to baseline values. Significantly lower values of +292% were observed in deep measurements. Consecutively, a significant enhancement in tissue oxygen saturation was observed. Further analysis revealed a significant impairment of perfusion characteristics due to reported nicotine consumption (max Bf: +936% vs. +176%). Conclusion: Cutaneous microcirculation is strongly affected by APB, with significant differences regarding microvascular anatomy and vascular physiology. Smoking significantly diminishes the elicited improvements in perfusion. Our findings could influence reconstructive strategies as well as dependent perioperative anesthetic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Bosselmann
- Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jonas Kolbenschlag
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Ole Goertz
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (O.G.); (M.L.); (B.B.); (A.S.)
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Martin-Luther-Hospital, 14193 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Zahn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Palliative and Pain Medicine, BG Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (O.G.); (M.L.); (B.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (O.G.); (M.L.); (B.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexander Sogorski
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (O.G.); (M.L.); (B.B.); (A.S.)
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Alisi M, Al-Ajlouni J, Ibsais MK, Obeid Z, Hammad Y, Alelaumi A, Al-Saber M, Abuasbeh O, Abuhajleh F. Thermographic Assessment of Reperfusion Profile Following Using a Tourniquet in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Observational Study. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2021; 14:133-139. [PMID: 34007224 PMCID: PMC8122004 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s300726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infrared thermal imaging is a non-invasive technique capable of detecting changes in temperature that could ultimately signify changes in blood supply. Flir One is a smartphone-based thermal camera, working by a downloadable application, capable of detecting the limb temperature through a non-contact method using infrared thermography technology. Using the Flir One camera, we will assess the lower limb reperfusion profile following the tourniquet release post total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A prospective study included 46 patients who underwent primary TKA. We used the (Flir One Gen 3) thermographic camera to capture images at ankle joint preoperatively, and at 1, 10, and 20 minutes post tourniquet release on operation side. The contralateral ankle stands as control. Results The mean preoperative temperature (in Celsius) of ankle control side and operated side were 33.03 (SD=1.65) and 33.26 (SD=1.42), respectively. The mean ankle temperature on operation side was 19.73 (SD=2.85), 30.49 (SD=2), and 32.43 (SD=1.31) at 1, 10, and 20 minutes post tourniquet release, respectively, while the control side showed a mean temperature of 32.85 (SD=1.42), 32.84 (SD=0.91), and 33.15 (SD=0.95) at the same time intervals. There was a significant statistical difference between both ankle temperatures at 1 and 10 minutes (P=0.00 for each time). At 20 minutes, 37 ankles (80.4%) at operation side reached a temperature level similar but below the level of control side; however, the difference was not significant (P=0.692). Conclusion Infrared thermography using the smartphone-connected camera is a simple, non-invasive, feasible, and reliable technology. It provides an objective measure to assess the perfusion status of the limbs. In TKA, the distal limb will reach full reperfusion status after approximately 20 minutes of tourniquet release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alisi
- Department of Special Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jihad Al-Ajlouni
- Department of Special Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Zeinab Obeid
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazan Hammad
- Department of Special Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Alelaumi
- Department of Special Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Munther Al-Saber
- Department of Special Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Odai Abuasbeh
- Department of Special Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Feras Abuhajleh
- Department of Special Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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28
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Marcinkevics Z, Aglinska A, Rubins U, Grabovskis A. Remote Photoplethysmography for Evaluation of Cutaneous Sensory Nerve Fiber Function. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041272. [PMID: 33670087 PMCID: PMC7916836 DOI: 10.3390/s21041272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
About 2% of the world’s population suffers from small nerve fiber dysfunction, neuropathy, which can result in severe pain. This condition is caused by damage to the small nerve fibers and its assessment is challenging, due to the lack of simple and objective diagnostic techniques. The present study aimed to develop a contactless photoplethysmography system using simple instrumentation, for objective and non-invasive assessment of small cutaneous sensory nerve fiber function. The approach is based on the use of contactless photoplethysmography for the characterization of skin flowmotions and topical heating evoked vasomotor responses. The feasibility of the technique was evaluated on volunteers (n = 14) using skin topical anesthesia, which is able to produce temporary alterations of cutaneous nerve fibers function. In the treated skin region in comparison to intact skin: neurogenic and endothelial component of flowmotions decreased by ~61% and 41%, the local heating evoked flare area decreased by ~44%, vasomotor response trend peak and nadir were substantially reduced. The results indicate for the potential of the remote photoplethysmography in the assessment of the cutaneous nerve fiber function. It is believed that in the future this technique could be used in the clinics as an affordable alternative to laser Doppler imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbignevs Marcinkevics
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas St.1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas St. 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (A.A.); (U.R.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alise Aglinska
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas St. 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (A.A.); (U.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Uldis Rubins
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas St. 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (A.A.); (U.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Andris Grabovskis
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas St. 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (A.A.); (U.R.); (A.G.)
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Fujii N, Kenny GP, McGarr GW, Amano T, Honda Y, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. TRPV4 channel blockade does not modulate skin vasodilation and sweating during hyperthermia or cutaneous postocclusive reactive and thermal hyperemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 320:R563-R573. [PMID: 33085914 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00123.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels exist on vascular endothelial cells and eccrine sweat gland secretory cells in human skin. Here, we assessed whether TRPV4 channels contribute to cutaneous vasodilation and sweating during whole body passive heat stress (protocol 1) and to cutaneous vasodilation during postocclusive reactive hyperemia and local thermal hyperemia (protocol 2). Intradermal microdialysis was employed to locally deliver pharmacological agents to forearm skin sites, where cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate were assessed. In protocol 1 (12 young adults), CVC and sweat rate were increased by passive whole body heating, resulting in a body core temperature elevation of 1.2 ± 0.1°C. The elevated CVC and sweat rate assessed at sites treated with TRPV4 channel antagonist (either 200 µM HC-067047 or 125 µM GSK2193874) were not different from the vehicle control site (5% dimethyl sulfoxide). After whole body heating, the TRPV4 channel agonist (100 µM GSK1016790A) was administered to each skin site, eliciting elevations in CVC. Relative to control, this response was partly attenuated by both TRPV4 channel antagonists, confirming drug efficacy. In protocol 2 (10 young adults), CVC was increased following a 5-min arterial occlusion and during local heating from 33 to 42°C. These responses did not differ between the control and the TRPV4 channel antagonist sites (200 µM HC-067047). We show that TRPV4 channels are not required for regulating cutaneous vasodilation or sweating during a whole body passive heat stress. Furthermore, they are not required for regulating cutaneous vasodilation during postocclusive reactive hyperemia and local thermal hyperemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory W McGarr
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Narihiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Flushing propensity predicts fear of blushing. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-020-09839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review mechanisms of blushing and fear of blushing from physiological, neuropharmacological and psychological viewpoints, and to evaluate current forms of treatment for blushing-related fear. RECENT FINDINGS Blushing appears to be driven primarily by sympathetic adrenomedullary and neural vasodilator discharge, possibly in association with secondary neurovascular inflammation. Psychological risk factors for fear of blushing include social anxiety, coupled with heightened self-focused attention and inflated beliefs about the likelihood and social costs of blushing. In addition, schemas of emotional inhibition, social isolation and alienation may underlie blushing-related fears. Established psychological treatments for fear of blushing include task concentration training, exposure, cognitive therapy, social skills training, psychoeducation and applied relaxation. More novel approaches include mindfulness and mindful self-compassion, video feedback and imagery rescripting. There are no established pharmacological treatments specifically for fear of blushing. However, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are effective treatments for social anxiety disorder and may thus help some patients manage their fear of blushing. A reactive sympathetic nervous system may interact with psychological predispositions to intensify fear of blushing. These physiological and psychological risk factors could be promising targets for treatment.
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32
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Isaacson KJ, Jensen MM, Steinhauff DB, Kirklow JE, Mohammadpour R, Grunberger JW, Cappello J, Ghandehari H. Location of stimuli-responsive peptide sequences within silk-elastinlike protein-based polymers affects nanostructure assembly and drug-polymer interactions. J Drug Target 2020; 28:766-779. [PMID: 32306773 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1757099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Silk-elastinlike protein polymers (SELPs) self-assemble into nanostructures when designed with appropriate silk-to-elastin ratios. Here, we investigate the effect of insertion of a matrix metalloproteinase-responsive peptide sequence, GPQGIFGQ, into various locations within the SELP backbone on supramolecular self-assembly. Insertion of the hydrophilic, enzyme-degradable sequence into the elastin repeats allows the formation of dilution-stable nanostructures, while insertion into the hydrophobic silk motifs inhibited self-assembly. The SELP assemblies retained their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) thermal response, allowing up to eightfold volumetric changes due to temperature-induced size change. A model hydrophobic drug was incorporated into SELP nanoassemblies utilising a combination of precipitation, incubation and tangential flow filtration. While the nanoconstructs degraded in response to MMP activity, drug release kinetics was independent of MMP concentration. Drug release modelling suggests that release is driven by rates of water penetration into the SELP nanostructures and drug dissolution. In vitro testing revealed that SELP nanoassemblies reduced the immunotoxic and haemolytic side effects of doxorubicin in human blood while maintaining its cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Isaacson
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Martin Jensen
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Douglas B Steinhauff
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James E Kirklow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Raziye Mohammadpour
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jason W Grunberger
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joseph Cappello
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Baker FC, Siboza F, Fuller A. Temperature regulation in women: Effects of the menstrual cycle. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 7:226-262. [PMID: 33123618 PMCID: PMC7575238 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1735927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Core body temperature changes across the ovulatory menstrual cycle, such that it is 0.3°C to 0.7°C higher in the post-ovulatory luteal phase when progesterone is high compared with the pre-ovulatory follicular phase. This temperature difference, which is most evident during sleep or immediately upon waking before any activity, is used by women as a retrospective indicator of an ovulatory cycle. Here, we review both historical and current literature aimed at characterizing changes in core body temperature across the menstrual cycle, considering the assessment of the circadian rhythm of core body temperature and thermoregulatory responses to challenges, including heat and cold exposure, exercise, and fever. We discuss potential mechanisms for the thermogenic effect of progesterone and the temperature-lowering effect of estrogen, and discuss effects on body temperature of exogenous formulations of these hormones as contained in oral contraceptives. We review new wearable temperature sensors aimed at tracking daily temperature changes of women across multiple menstrual cycles and highlight the need for future research on the validity and reliability of these devices. Despite the change in core body temperature across the menstrual cycle being so well identified, there remain gaps in our current understanding, particularly about the underlying mechanisms and microcircuitry involved in the temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, USA
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Felicia Siboza
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrea Fuller
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Kontos A, Baumert M, Lushington K, Kennedy D, Kohler M, Cicua-Navarro D, Pamula Y, Martin J. The Inconsistent Nature of Heart Rate Variability During Sleep in Normal Children and Adolescents. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:19. [PMID: 32154268 PMCID: PMC7046589 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiac function is modulated by multiple factors including exogenous (circadian rhythm) and endogenous (ultradian 90–110 min sleep cycle) factors. By evaluating heart rate variability (HRV) during sleep, we will better understand their influence on cardiac activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate HRV in the dark phase of the circadian rhythm during sleep in healthy children and adolescents. Methods: One 3 min segment of pre-sleep electrocardiography (EEG) and 3, 6 min segments of electrocardiography recorded during polysomnography from 75 healthy children and adolescents were sampled during progressive cycles of slow wave sleep (SWS1, SWS2, SWS3). Three, 3 min segments of rapid eye movement sleep (REM) were also assessed, with REM1 marked at the last REM period before awakening. Studies that recorded REM3 prior to SWS3 were used for assessment. HRV variables include the following time domain values: mean NN (average RR intervals over given time), SDNN (Standard Deviation of RR intervals), and RMSSD (root Mean Square of beat-to-beat Differences). Frequency domain values include: low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF:HF. Results: Mixed linear effects model analysis revealed a significant difference in time and frequency domain values between sleep cycles and stages. Mean NN was lowest (highest heart rate) during pre—sleep then significantly increased across SWS1-3. Mean NN in SWS1 was similar to all REM periods which was significantly lower than both SWS2 and SWS3. SDNN remained at pre-sleep levels until SWS3, and then significantly increased in REM1&2. There was a large drop in LF from pre-sleep to SWS1. As cycles progressed through the night, LF remains lower than awake but increases to awake like levels by REM2. RMSSD and HF were lowest in pre-sleep and increased significantly by SWS1 and remain high and stable across stages and cycles except during the REM3 period where RMSSD decreased. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that there are considerable changes in the spectral analysis of cardiac function occurring during different sleep stages and between sleep cycles across the night. Hence, time of night and sleep stage need to be considered when reporting any HRV differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kontos
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson's Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mathias Baumert
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson's Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kurt Lushington
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Declan Kennedy
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson's Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark Kohler
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Diana Cicua-Navarro
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yvonne Pamula
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James Martin
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson's Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Fujii N, McGarr GW, McNeely BD, Ichinose M, Nishiyasu T, Kenny GP. K Ca and K V channels modulate the venoarteriolar reflex in non-glabrous human skin with no roles of K ATP channels, NOS, and COX. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 866:172828. [PMID: 31790651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The venoarteriolar reflex is a local mechanism that induces vasoconstriction during venous congestion in various tissues, including skin. This response is thought to play a critical role in minimizing capillary damage or edema resulting from overperfusion, though factors that modulate this response remain largely unknown. Here, we hypothesized that nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cyclooxygenase (COX), and Ca2+-activated, ATP-sensitive, and voltage-gated K+ channels (KCa, KATP, and KV channels, respectively) modulate the venoarteriolar reflex in human skin. Cutaneous blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry) was monitored during a 3-min pre-occlusion baseline and following a 3-min venous occlusion of 45 mmHg, the latter maneuver was used to induce the venoarteriolar reflex. The venoarteriolar reflex was assessed at the following forearm skin sites: Experiment 1 (n = 11): 1) lactated Ringer solution (Control), 2) 10 mM Nω-nitro-L-arginine (NOS inhibitor), 3) 10 mM ketorolac (COX inhibitor), and 4) combined NOS + COX inhibition; Experiment 2 (n = 15): 1) lactated Ringer solution (Control), 2) 50 mM tetraethylammonium (KCa channel blocker), 3) 5 mM glybenclamide (KATP channel blocker), and 4) 10 mM 4-aminopyridine (KV channel blocker). Separate and combined NOS and COX inhibition as well as KATP channel blocker had no effect on venoarteriolar reflex. Conversely, venoarteriolar reflex was attenuated by KCa channel blockade (36-38%) and augmented by KV channel blockade (38-55%). We showed that KCa and KV channels modulate the venoarteriolar reflex with minimum roles of NOS, COX, and KATP channels in human non-glabrous forearm skin in vivo. Thus, cutaneous venoarteriolar reflex changes could reflect altered K+ channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan.
| | - Gregory W McGarr
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Brendan D McNeely
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Masashi Ichinose
- Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, School of Business Administration, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Nagara S, Nakazato Y, Yamagishi A. Harlequin syndrome caused by isolated focal parasympathetic neuropathy. Clin Auton Res 2019; 30:91-92. [PMID: 31768686 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-019-00649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syunsuke Nagara
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Takayama Hospital, 3-11 Tenmantyou, Takayama, Gifu, 506-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nakazato
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamagishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Takayama Hospital, 3-11 Tenmantyou, Takayama, Gifu, 506-8550, Japan.
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37
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Fujii N, Amano T, Kenny GP, Honda Y, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. Nicotinic receptors modulate skin perfusion during normothermia, and have a limited role in skin vasodilatation and sweating during hyperthermia. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1808-1818. [DOI: 10.1113/ep088072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental PhysiologyFaculty of EducationNiigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Glen P. Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research UnitUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa Canada
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
| | - Narihiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Applied Human PhysiologyGraduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe University Kobe Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
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38
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Kati B, Buyukfirat E, Pelit ES, Yagmur I, Demir M, Albayrak IH, Ciftci H. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with Different Temperature Irrigation and Effects on Surgical Complications and Anesthesiology Applications. J Endourol 2019; 32:1050-1053. [PMID: 30280908 DOI: 10.1089/end.2018.0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a widely accepted and frequently performed operation for large kidney stones. However, there is not much information about the effects of irrigation fluid temperature as well as many other factors that affect success and complications during the operation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the surgical and anesthesiological effects of irrigation fluid used in body temperature and room temperature during and after PCNL. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 108 PCNL patients were performed between June 2016 and April 2018. The half of these patients (54) were performed with body temperature (37°C) irrigation fluid, hence known as body temperature group (BTG), and the other half with room temperature (22°C) irrigation fluid, called as room temperature group (RTG). For the study, we recorded the body temperature of the patients during and after the operation, the amount of irrigation fluid used, the size and location of the kidney stones, the duration of the operation, postoperative shivering time during the patient's wake-up period, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin value, additional blood requirements, postoperative analgesic requirements, and postoperative urinary tract infections. RESULTS The age of patients, gender distribution, height, weight, body mass index, stone size, and postoperative analgesic requirement showed no significant differences in two groups. The postoperative body heat was significantly higher in the BTG than the RTG. The duration of waking was significantly higher in the RTG than the BTG. The amount of hemorrhage was significantly less in the patients who were irrigated in the RTG. CONCLUSION The temperature of the irrigation fluid can affect many parameters in the PCNL. We recommend using irrigation in room temperature especially with patients having bleeding risks and irrigation fluid in body temperature especially with patients having anesthetic risks for easier waking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Kati
- 1 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University , Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Evren Buyukfirat
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University , Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Eyyup Sabri Pelit
- 1 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University , Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ismail Yagmur
- 1 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University , Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demir
- 1 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University , Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | - Halil Ciftci
- 1 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University , Sanliurfa, Turkey
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The Dynamic and Correlation of Skin Temperature and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Male Endurance Runners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162869. [PMID: 31405204 PMCID: PMC6718978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During endurance exercise, skin temperature (Tsk) plays a fundamental role in thermoregulatory processes. Environmental temperature is the biggest determinant of the Tsk. During exercise, the response of the skin temperature might be influenced by aerobic fitness (VO2peak). The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the dynamic of Tsk in high (HF) and moderately (MF) fit endurance runners during a progressive maximal stress test. Seventy-nine male endurance runners were classified into HF (n = 35; VO2peak = 56.62 ± 4.31 mL/kg/min) and MF (n = 44; VO2peak = 47.86 ± 5.29 mL/kg/min) groups. Tsk and cardiovascular data were continuously monitored during an incremental exercise, followed by a recovery period of five minutes. Results revealed that the MF group exhibited lower VO2peak, Speedpeak, ventilation (VE), muscle mass %, and higher BMI and fat mass % than the HF group (all p < 0.001). HF had significantly higher Tsk at baseline, and at 60% and 70% of peak workload (all p < 0.05). Tskpeak correlated with age, fat mass %, muscle mass %, VO2peak, Speedpeak, HR and VE (all p < 0.05). These findings indicate that VO2peak was positively associated with increased Tsk during incremental exercise in male endurance runners.
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40
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Trbovich MB, Handrakis JP, Kumar NS, Price MJ. Impact of passive heat stress on persons with spinal cord injury: Implications for Olympic spectators. Temperature (Austin) 2019; 7:114-128. [PMID: 33015240 PMCID: PMC7518736 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2019.1631730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental heat stress can negatively impact health, work capacity, and athletic performance and potentially to lead to life-threatening consequences if not mitigated. With the upcoming Toyko Olympic games to be held during anticipated warm ambient temperatures (up to 29°C), and with spectators potentially spending long durations of time outdoors, certain populations of persons with impaired thermoregulatory capacity will be at higher risk of heat-related illness from passive heat stress. Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) are one of these groups as a result of a decentralized sympathetic nervous system, which leaves them with impairment in convective and evaporative cooling via vasodilation and sweating, respectively. This review summarizes (1) thermoregulatory physiological responses of persons with SCI under passive heat stress: the effect of level and completeness of injury; (2) the impact of passive heat stress on quality of life (QOL), outdoor participation, behavioral thermoregulation, and cognition; (3) recommendations and education for clinicians providing health care for persons with SCI; and (4) suggestions of future directions for exploring the gaps in the literature on passive heat stress in persons with SCI. This article aims to equip consumers with SCI and health-care professionals with the most up-to-date knowledge on passive heat stress responses in persons with SCI, so that their attendance at the Olympic games can be done with maximal safety and enjoyment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle B. Trbovich
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Spinal cord injury center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John P. Handrakis
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- New York Institute of Technology, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Nina S. Kumar
- VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mike J. Price
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Konishi T, Kurazumi T, Kato T, Takko C, Ogawa Y, Iwasaki KI. Changes in cerebral oxygen saturation and cerebral blood flow velocity under mild +Gz hypergravity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:190-197. [PMID: 31169473 PMCID: PMC6692742 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00119.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that cerebral blood flow (CBF) was reduced by even mild +Gz hypergravity. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (C-rSO2) has been widely used to detect cerebral ischemia in clinical practice. For example, decreases in C-rSO2 reflect reduced CBF or arterial oxygen saturation. Thus it was hypothesized that C-rSO2 would decrease in association with reduced CBF during mild hypergravity. To test this hypothesis, we measured CBF velocity by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and C-rSO2 during mild +Gz hypergravity while participants were in a sitting position. Among 17 male participants, 15 completed 21 min of exposure to +1.5 Gz generated by short-arm centrifuge. C-rSO2 and mean CBF velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCBFVMCA) during centrifugation were averaged every 5 min and compared with pre-hypergravity (+1.0 Gz). C-rSO2 did not change significantly throughout centrifugation, although MCBFVMCA gradually decreased from the beginning (−1.2% at 0–5 min), and significantly decreased at 5–10 min (−4.8%), 10–15 min (−6.7%), and 15–20 min (−7.4%). Contrary to our hypothesis, decreases in C-rSO2 were not detected, despite reductions in CBF velocity during hypergravity. Since some assumptions, such as unaltered arteriovenous volume ratio, hemoglobin concentration, extracranial blood flow, and brain activity, need to be satisfied to monitor cerebral ischemia by C-rSO2, the present results suggest that these necessary assumptions for near-infrared spectroscopy are not always applicable, and that cerebral oxygenation may not precisely reflect decreases in CBF under mild +Gz hypergravity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate simultaneously cerebral oxygenation monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy and cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitored by transcranial Doppler under +1.5 Gz hypergravity. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no significant correlation between CBF velocity and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (C-rSO2). However, an incomplete case nearly involving syncope suggests the possibility that C-rSO2 can detect a remarkable decrease in CBF with development of presyncope during +Gz hypergravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Konishi
- Department of Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,Aeromedical Laboratory, Japan Air Self-Defense Force, Ministry of Defense , Saitama , Japan
| | - Takuya Kurazumi
- Department of Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kato
- Department of Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Chiharu Takko
- Department of Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yojiro Ogawa
- Department of Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Iwasaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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42
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Gifford RM, Todisco T, Stacey M, Fujisawa T, Allerhand M, Woods DR, Reynolds RM. Risk of heat illness in men and women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:24-35. [PMID: 30641370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat illness (HI) is a growing global concern; its incidence has risen dramatically across the world in recent years. The individual factors whereby elevated core temperature produces HI are not well-understood. Given known physiological differences between men and women pertaining to temperature regulation, we hypothesized that women would be at increased risk of HI than men. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the relative risk of HI in women compared with men through an exhaustive literature review and meta-analysis. METHODS We search PubMed and Ovid Medline databases from inception to Apr 2017. Search terms included all permutations of sex and heat illness (including heatstroke and exertional heat illness) with no language restrictions. We included adult or adolescent human data reporting comparable male and female HI rates. One reviewer identified and screened titles and abstracts. Two independent reviewers applied eligibility criteria. Disagreements were resolved with a third reviewer. RESULTS Of 5888 articles identified by searches, 36 were included in the systematic review and 22 in the meta-analysis. The mean (standard deviation) quality score was 3.31(1.25)/5. Overall the rate among women was consistently lower than men across the lifespan. The male: female pooled IRR was 2.28 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.66-3.16). There was modest heterogeneity (between-studies variance (τ2) = 0.02). The rates did not differ significantly when corrected for severity or occupation. DISCUSSION The rate of HI was significantly increased in men compared with women. Risk for HI might be conferred by psychological and behavioral factors rather than physiological ones. Further research is required to delineate which groups are at greatest risk, leading to the development of mitigation strategies against HI. OTHER No funding was received. The authors acknowledge the support of the UK Women in Ground Close Combat Review. The Study was registered with PROSPREO CRD42017064739.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Gifford
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Todisco
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Stacey
- Department of Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Fujisawa
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Allerhand
- Centre for Statistics, School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D R Woods
- Department of Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK; Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK; Northumbria and Newcastle NHS Trusts, Wansbeck General and Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK; University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R M Reynolds
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Al-Hakim R, Hedge JC, Jahangiri Y, Kaufman JA, Galuppo R, Farsad K. Palmar Warming for Radial Artery Vasodilation to Facilitate Transradial Access: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019; 30:421-424. [PMID: 30819486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of palmar warming to induce radial artery vasodilation. MATERIALS AND METHODS After informed consent was obtained, healthy volunteers (n = 45) were randomized 2:1 in palmar warming and control groups, respectively, for this prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical trial (NCT03620383). The palmar warming group was given a warm, commercially available, air-activated heat pack (Kobayashi Consumer Products LLC, Dalton, Georgia) to hold in the left hand for palmar warming. The control group was given a deactivated version of the same heat pack. Left radial artery cross-sectional area (CSA) measurements were obtained at baseline and in 5-minute intervals up to 20 minutes in both groups. Differences in the trends of changes in the radial artery CSA between palmar warming and control groups were examined with the age- and sex-adjusted repeated measure analysis of variance. Propensity score-matched treatment effect analysis was conducted to quantify the effect of heat on radial artery CSA. RESULTS The palmar warming group and the control group were significantly different in terms of subject sex (males/females: 7/23 and 10/5, respectively; P = .005) and baseline CSA (2.5±0.2 mm2 vs 3.2±0.3 mm2, respectively; P = .014). Radial artery CSA showed an increasing trend over time in the palmar warming group compared to a stable trend over time in the control group (P < .0001). Propensity score-matched comparison showed a 43.9% increase (95% confidence interval: 34.1%-53.8%) in CSA in the palmar warming group compared to the control group (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The palmar warming technique is effective at dilating the radial artery and may be a beneficial technique to facilitate transradial access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey Al-Hakim
- Charles T. Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239.
| | - J Cody Hedge
- Charles T. Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Younes Jahangiri
- Charles T. Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
| | - John A Kaufman
- Charles T. Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Roberto Galuppo
- Charles T. Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Khashayar Farsad
- Charles T. Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
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Abstract
In addition to its role as an environmental stressor, scientists have recently demonstrated the potential for heat to be a therapy for improving or mitigating declines in arterial health. Many studies at both ends of the scientific controls spectrum (tightly controlled, experimental vs. practical) have demonstrated the beneficial effects of heating on microvascular function (e.g., reactive hyperemia, cutaneous vascular conductance); endothelial function (e.g., flow-mediated dilation); and arterial stiffness (e.g., pulse-wave velocity, compliance, β-stiffness index). It is important to note that findings of beneficial effects are not unanimous, likely owing to the varied methodology in both heating protocols and assessments of outcome measures. Mechanisms of action for the effects of both acute and chronic heating are also understudied. Heat science is a very promising area of human physiology research, as it has the potential to contribute to approaches addressing the global cardiovascular disease burden, particularly in aging and at risk populations, and those for whom exercise is not feasible or recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jem L Cheng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
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45
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Fujii N, Danquah MO, Meade RD, Nishiyasu T, Kenny GP. The effect of exogenous activation of protease-activated receptor 2 on cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating in young males during rest and exercise in the heat. Temperature (Austin) 2018; 5:257-266. [PMID: 30377641 PMCID: PMC6205008 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2018.1506563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) exists in the endothelial cells of skin vessels and eccrine sweat glands. We evaluated the hypothesis that exogeneous activation of PAR2 augments cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating during rest and exercise in the heat. In 10 young males (23 ± 5 y), cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and sweat rate were measured at four forearm skin sites treated with either 1) lactated Ringer (Control), 2) 0.05 mM, 3) 0.5 mM, or 4) 5 mM SLIGKV-NH2 (PAR2 agonist). Participants initially rested in a semi-recumbent posture under a normothermic ambient condition (25°C) for ~60 min. Thereafter, ambient temperature was increased to 35°C while the participants rested for an additional 60 min. Participants then performed a 50-min bout of cycling (~55% of their pre-determined peak oxygen uptake) followed by a 30-min recovery period. Administration of 5 mM SLIGKV-NH2 increased cutaneous vascular conductance relative to the Control site during normothermic resting (P ≤ 0.05). However, we showed that relative to the Control site, no effect on CVC was observed for any administered dose of SLIGKV-NH2 (0.05-5 mM) during rest (33-39%max CVC), end-exercise (68-70%max CVC), and postexercise recovery (49-53%max CVC) in the heat (all P > 0.05). There were no differences in sweat rate between the Control and all SLIGKV-NH2-treated sites throughout the protocol (0.21-0.23, 1.20-1.27, and 0.32-0.33 mg∙min-1∙cm-2 for rest, end-exercise, and postexercise in the heat, respectively, all P > 0.05). We show that while exogeneous PAR2 activation induces cutaneous vasodilatation during normothermic rest, it does not influence the cutaneous blood flow and sweating responses during rest, exercise or recovery in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mercy O. Danquah
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert D. Meade
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Glen P. Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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46
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Cakmak YO, Cotofana S, Jäger C, Morawski M, Sora MC, Werner M, Hammer N. Peri-arterial Autonomic Innervation of the Human Ear. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11469. [PMID: 30065349 PMCID: PMC6068185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Auricular vasomotor responses are considered to be signs of clinical conditions including migraine. The mechanisms of auricular vasomotor control are still debatable. This study aimed at investigating perivascular co-transmitters of vasomotor control in the auricle. Another aim was to provide three-dimensional arterial maps of the auricle, as a proxy of periarterial autonomic innervation. Twelve paired human auricles were used to visualize the arteries following Spalteholz clearing and μ-CT-based reconstruction. Perivascular innervation staining was conducted using anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), anti-neuropeptide Y (NPY), anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and anti-choline acetyl transferase (ChAT). The combined Spalteholz technique and μ-CT revealed a highly consistent arrangement of the auricular vasculature. The superficial temporal (STA) and posterior auricular artery (PAA) supply the helical rim arcade and arcade, with the STA mainly forming the superior and the PAA forming the middle and inferior auricular artery. Co-existence of sympathetic NPY+ and TH+ terminals mediating vasoconstriction, and VIP+ and ACh+ indicating cholinergic vasodilatation, was found in the perivascular zone. The presence of both sympathetic vasoconstriction and cholinergic co-innervation for active vasodilatation was shown in the perivascular auricular zone. Assuming that the highly-consistent vasculature gives way to these terminals, this periarterial innervation may be found spread out across the helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ozgur Cakmak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Carsten Jäger
- University of Leipzig, Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- University of Leipzig, Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mircea-Constantin Sora
- Sigmund-Freud Private University Vienna, Centre for Anatomy and Molecular Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Zentrum für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Werner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Niels Hammer
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany. .,Department of Trauma, Orthopedic and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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47
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Diliani N, Dondji B. Hookworm excretory/secretory products modulate immune responses to heterologous and species-specific antigens. Parasite Immunol 2018; 39. [PMID: 28796897 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one billion people are currently infected with hookworm. Despite its high prevalence and the concomitant immune suppression seen in infected individuals, little research has been performed on the mechanism of immunosuppression by hookworm. Our study focused on characterizing mechanisms utilized by hookworm to suppress the host immune response. Splenocytes and draining lymph node cells from mice injected with hookworm excretory/secretory (ES) proteins showed decreased proliferation in response to both heterologous and species-specific antigens while also having increased nitric oxide secretion. Analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting revealed that mice injected with ES had reduced percentages of CD4+ T cells indicating potential effects of ES proteins on lymphocyte homeostasis. Antibody and cytokine response analyses demonstrated that immunization with ES proteins decreased IgG and IgG1 levels, also decreased interleukin (IL-)-4 and increased IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) cytokine production suggesting impairment of B-cell activation and a shift towards a nonhealing IL-12 directed T helper-1 immune response. Together, these data demonstrate for the first time that host immunosuppression by hookworms is orchestrated by ES proteins and provide mechanisms underlying the shift towards a nonhealing Th-1 profile as seen in humans suffering from hookworm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Diliani
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology & Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, USA
| | - B Dondji
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology & Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, USA
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48
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Fujii N, McNeely BD, Nishiyasu T, Kenny GP. Intradermal administration of atrial natriuretic peptide has no effect on sweating and cutaneous vasodilator responses in young male adults. Temperature (Austin) 2017; 4:406-413. [PMID: 29435479 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1356433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increases during exercise in the heat wherein heat loss responses of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation are activated. Hence ANP might be involved in the regulation of sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation. However, whether ANP directly mediates sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation needs to be clarified. Also, muscarinic receptor activation induces sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation, however, it remains to be determined whether ANP modulates these responses. In this study, in 11 young males (25 ± 5 years), cutaneous vascular conductance and sweat rate were assessed at intradermal microdialysis sites that were continuously perfused with either lactated Ringer (Control) or 3 different concentrations of ANP (0.1, 1, 10 µM). All 4 sites were co-administrated with methacholine, a muscarinic receptor agonist, in a dose-dependent fashion (0.0125, 0.25, 5, 100, and 2000 mM, 25 min for each). ANP at all concentrations did not increase sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance as compared with pre-ANP infusion values (all P > 0.05). Methacholine increased both sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance (all P ≤ 0.05). However, the responses were unaffected by co-administration of ANP relative to methacholine only, even as assessed in context of the methacholine concentration required to elicit 50% of the maximal response (EC50) (all P > 0.05). We show that exogenous ANP administration intradermally does not directly modulate sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation under room temperature conditions in resting young adults. Further, there is no effect of ANP on muscarinic sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan
| | - Brendan D McNeely
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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49
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Bruchim Y, Horowitz M, Aroch I. Pathophysiology of heatstroke in dogs - revisited. Temperature (Austin) 2017; 4:356-370. [PMID: 29435477 PMCID: PMC5800390 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1367457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heatstroke results from a failure to dissipate accumulated heat during exposure to hot environments, or during strenuous physical exercise under heat stress. It is characterized by core body temperatures > 41°C, with central nervous system dysfunction. Functional morphology and thermoregulatory effectors differences between dogs and humans may require special heatstroke protective adaptations in dogs, however, the risk factors for developing heatstroke are similar in both. In dogs, these include hot, especially highly humid environments, excessive physical activity, obesity, large (>15 kg) body weight, being of certain breed (e.g., Labrador retrievers and brachycephalic breeds), upper airway obstruction and prolonged seizures. Lack of acclimation to heat and physical fitness decreases the survival of heat stroked dogs. At the systemic level, blood pooling within the large internal organs (e.g., spleen, liver) is a major contributor to the development of shock and consequent intestinal ischemia, hypoxia and endothelial hyperpermeability, commonly occurring in heatstroke patients. Evoked serious complications include rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and ultimately, sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The most common clinical signs in dogs include acute collapse, tachypnea, spontaneous bleeding, shock signs and mental abnormalities, including depression, disorientation or delirium, seizures, stupor and coma. In such dogs, presence of peripheral blood nucleated red blood cells uniquely occurs, and is a highly sensitive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Despite early, appropriate body cooling, and intensive supportive treatment, with no available specific treatment to ameliorate the severe inflammatory and hemostatic derangements, the mortality rate is around 50%, similar to that of human heatstroke victims. This review discusses the pathophysiology of canine heatstroke from a veterinarian's point of view, integrating new and old studies and knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Bruchim
- The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Michal Horowitz
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Itamar Aroch
- The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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Ravanelli N, Jay O, Gagnon D. Sustained increases in skin blood flow are not a prerequisite to initiate sweating during passive heat exposure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R140-R148. [PMID: 28566303 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00033.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some studies have observed a functional relationship between sweating and skin blood flow. However, the implications of this relationship during physiologically relevant conditions remain unclear. We manipulated sudomotor activity through changes in sweating efficiency to determine if parallel changes in vasomotor activity are observed. Eight young men completed two trials at 36°C and two trials at 42°C. During these trials, air temperature remained constant while ambient vapor pressure increased from 1.6 to 5.6 kPa over 2 h. Forced airflow across the skin was used to create conditions of high (HiSeff) or low (LoSeff) sweating efficiency. Local sweat rate (LSR), local skin blood flow (SkBF), as well as mean skin and esophageal temperatures were measured continuously. It took longer for LSR to increase during HiSeff at 36°C (HiSeff: 99 ± 11 vs. LoSeff: 77 ± 11 min, P < 0.01) and 42°C (HiSeff: 72 ± 16 vs. LoSeff: 51 ± 15 min, P < 0.01). In general, an increase in LSR preceded the increase in SkBF when expressed as ambient vapor pressure and time for all conditions (P < 0.05). However, both responses were activated at a similar change in mean body temperature (average across all trials, LSR: 0.26 ± 0.15 vs. SkBF: 0.30 ± 0.18°C, P = 0.26). These results demonstrate that altering the point at which LSR is initiated during heat exposure is paralleled by similar shifts for the increase in SkBF. However, local sweat production occurs before an increase in SkBF, suggesting that SkBF is not necessarily a prerequisite for sweating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ravanelli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ollie Jay
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Gagnon
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and .,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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