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Korman P, Kusy K, Straburzyńska-Lupa A, Sillero-Quintana M, Zarębska E, Zieliński J. Exploring the correlation of skin temperature and body composition in athletes undergoing exhaustive physical exercise. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103918. [PMID: 39018769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
During strenuous exercise, skin temperature (Tsk) plays an essential role in thermoregulatory processes. As indicated in the literature, its response might be influenced by body composition, among other factors. Hence, the objectives of this investigation were to determine whether there is a correlation between selected body components, specifically fat tissue and muscle tissue, and Tsk during graded exercise and recovery in athletes, and to identify which body component exhibits the strongest correlation with Tsk. Participants were grouped according to their aerobic capacity (VO2max/kg). A significant main effect was observed for the test stages (p < .001, η2 = 0.71), with Tsk decreasing from the start of the exercise, significantly decreasing at 12 km/h-1 (p < .001), and then increasing after exercise, especially within the first 5 min of recovery. Weak and non-significant effect for group/stage interaction was detected (p = .374, η2 = 0.03). A significant negative correlation was found between Tsk and both total tissue fat [%] (-0.51 < r < -0.63, p < .001) and lower limb tissue fat [%] (-0.50 < r < -0.71, p < .001) across all test stages. The correlation between Tsk and BMI was inconsistent, appearing only during the first stage of exercise and throughout recovery. No correlation was observed between Tsk and skeletal muscle mass, appendicular lean soft tissue, or relative skeletal muscle index. Endurance running to exhaustion leads to a progressive decrease in the Tsk of the lower extremity, followed by rewarming during recovery. The observed inverse correlation between adipose tissue and Tsk, along with the distinct temperature trends in groups with varying levels of fat tissue, could imply that the skin and subcutaneous tissue complex may play a more intricate role in thermal energy exchange beyond its insulating function. This implies a multifaceted involvement of these tissues in thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Korman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Recovery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Recovery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Manuel Sillero-Quintana
- Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ewa Zarębska
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
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Robertson CM, Pullinger SA, Robinson WR, Smith ME, Burniston JG, Edwards BJ. Circadian variation in muscle force output in males using isokinetic, isometric dynamometry: can we observe this in multi-joint movements using the muscleLab force-velocity encoder and are they similar in peak and magnitude? Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:709-724. [PMID: 38722075 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2348011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We have investigated the magnitude of circadian variation in Isokinetic and Isometric strength of the knee extensors and flexors, as well as back squat and bench press performance using the MuscleLab force velocity transducer. Ten resistance-trained males (mean±SD: age 21.5 ± 1.1 years; body mass 78.3 ± 5.2 kg; height 1.71 ± 0.07 m) underwent a) three to four familiarization sessions on each dynamometer and b) four sessions at different times of day (03:00, 09:00, 15:00 and 21:00 h). Each session was administered in a counterbalanced order and included a period when Perceived onset of mood states (POMS), then rectal and muscle temperature (Trec, Tm) was measured at rest, after which a 5-min standardized 150 W warm-up was performed on a cycle ergometer. Once completed, Isokinetic (60 and 240°·s-1 for extension and flexion) and Isometric dynamometry with peak torque (PT), time-to-peak-torque (tPT) and peak force (PF) and % activation was measured. Lastly, Trec and Tm were measured before the bench press (at 30, 50 and 70 kg) and back squat (at 40, 60 and 80 kg) exercises. A linear encoder was attached to an Olympic bar used for the exercises and average force (AF), peak velocity (PV) and time-to-peak-velocity (tPV) were measured (MuscleLab software; MuscleLab Technology, Langesund, Norway) during the concentric phase of the movements. Five-min recovery was allowed between each set with three repetitions being completed. General linear models with repeated measures and cosinor analysis were used to analyse the data. Values for Trec and Tm at rest were higher in the evening compared to morning values (Acrophase Φ: 16:35 and 17:03 h, Amplitude A: 0.30 and 0.23°C, Mesor M: 36.64 and 37.43°C, p < 0.05). Vigor, happy and fatigue mood states responses showed Φ 16:11 and 16:03 h and 02:05 h respectively. Circadian rhythms were apparent for all variables irrespective of equipment used where AF, PF and PT values peaked between 16:18 and 18:34 h; PV, tPV and tPT peaked between 05:54 and 08:03 h (p < 0.05). In summary, circadian rhythms in force output (force, torque, power, and velocity) were shown for isokinetic, isometric dynamometers and complex multi-joint movements (using a linear encoder); where tPV and tPT occur in the morning compared to the evening. Circadian rhythms in strength can be detected using a portable, low-cost instrument that shows similar cosinor characteristics as established dynamometers. Hence, muscle-strength can be measured in a manner that is more directly transferable to the world of athletic and sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Robertson
- Sport, School of Health, Social Work and Sport, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Samuel A Pullinger
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Sport Science Department, Inspire Institute of Sport, Bellary, India
| | - William R Robinson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matt E Smith
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jatin G Burniston
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Yousfi N, Mejri MA, Ben Saad H, Chamari K. Lighting the way: Exploring diurnal physical performance differences in school-aged visually impaired children and adolescents. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:417-426. [PMID: 38303130 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2312814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a pivotal role in governing various physiological processes, including physical performance. However, in individuals deprived of light perception, such as the blind, these circadian rhythms face disruption. This study aimed to explore the influence of disturbed circadian rhythms on short-term maximal physical performance in children and adolescents with visual impairment. Forty-five volunteers participated in this study, comprising 17 blind, 13 visually impaired, and 15 sighted participants. The participants underwent a series of tests assessing maximal isometric strength performance across two days. To mitigate the influence of morning session fatigue on the evening results, each participant group performed in two separate testing sessions (i.e. in the morning (7:00 h) and in the evening (17:00 h)) on non-consecutive days in a randomized and counterbalanced setting, with approximately 36 h of recovery time between sessions. To mitigate the impact of inter-individual differences on mean values and to account for the influence of age and sex on the studied variables, data were normalized. The outcomes revealed a significant diurnal variation in maximal isometric strength performance among sighted individuals, with peak performance observed in the evening. This pattern aligns with their well-entrained circadian rhythm. In contrast, blind and visually impaired individuals did not display significant diurnal variation, signaling disrupted circadian rhythms due to the absence of light perception. These findings emphasize the crucial consideration of circadian rhythms in assessments of physical performance, especially among participants with visual impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimen Yousfi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimisation" (LR09SEP01), National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Arbi Mejri
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimisation" (LR09SEP01), National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Hôpital Farhat HACHED, Laboratoire de Recherche (Insuffisance Cardiaque, LR12SP09), Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Karim Chamari
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
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Feigl B, Lewis SJG, Rawashdeh O. Targeting sleep and the circadian system as a novel treatment strategy for Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2024; 271:1483-1491. [PMID: 37943299 PMCID: PMC10896880 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation of the wide range of sleep-wake disturbances that occur frequently in Parkinson's disease. These are known to be associated with a range of motor and non-motor symptoms and significantly impact not only on the quality of life of the patient, but also on their bed partner. The underlying causes for fragmented sleep and daytime somnolence are no doubt multifactorial but there is clear evidence for circadian disruption in Parkinson's disease. This appears to be occurring not only as a result of the neuropathological changes that occur across a distributed neural network, but even down to the cellular level. Such observations indicate that circadian changes may in fact be a driver of neurodegeneration, as well as a cause for some of the sleep-wake symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease. Thus, efforts are now required to evaluate approaches including the prescription of precision medicine to modulate photoreceptor activation ratios that reflect daylight inputs to the circadian pacemaker, the use of small molecules to target clock genes, the manipulation of orexin pathways that could help restore the circadian system, to offer novel symptomatic and novel disease modifying strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Feigl
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Meade RD, Akerman AP, Notley SR, Kirby NV, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP. Effects of Daylong Exposure to Indoor Overheating on Thermal and Cardiovascular Strain in Older Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:27003. [PMID: 38329752 PMCID: PMC10852046 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health agencies recommend that homes of heat-vulnerable occupants (e.g., older adults) be maintained below 24-28°C to prevent heat-related mortality and morbidity. However, there is limited experimental evidence to support these recommendations. OBJECTIVE To aid in the development of evidence-based guidance on safe indoor temperatures for temperate continental climates, we evaluated surrogate physiological outcomes linked with heat-related mortality and morbidity in older adults during simulated indoor overheating. METHODS Sixteen older adults [six women; median age: 72 y, interquartile range (IQR): 70-73 y; body mass index: 24.6 ( IQR : 22.1 - 27.0 ) kg / m 2 ] from the Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, region (warm summer continental climate) completed four randomized, 8-h exposures to conditions experienced indoors during hot weather in continental climates (e.g., Ontario, Canada; 64 participant exposures). Ambient conditions simulated an air-conditioned environment (22°C; control), proposed indoor temperature upper limits (26°C), and temperatures experienced in homes without air-conditioning (31°C and 36°C). Core temperature (rectal) was monitored as the primary outcome; based on previous recommendations, between-condition differences > 0.3 ° C were considered clinically meaningful. RESULTS Compared with 22°C, core temperature was elevated to a meaningful extent in 31°C [+ 0 . 7 ° C ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5, 0.8] and 36°C (+ 0 . 9 ° C ; 95% CI: 0.8, 1.1), but not 26°C (+ 0 . 2 ° C , 95% CI: 0.0, 0.3). Increasing ambient temperatures were also associated with elevated heart rate and reduced arterial blood pressure and heart rate variability at rest, as well as progressive impairments in cardiac and blood pressure responses to standing from supine. DISCUSSION Core temperature and cardiovascular strain were not appreciably altered following 8-h exposure to 26°C but increased progressively in conditions above this threshold. These data support proposals for the establishment of a 26°C indoor temperature upper limit for protecting vulnerable occupants residing in temperate continental climates from indoor overheating. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13159.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Meade
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashley P. Akerman
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean R. Notley
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathalie V. Kirby
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald J. Sigal
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glen P. Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Pradhan S, Parganiha A, Agashe CD, Pati AK. Circadian rhythm in sportspersons and athletic performance: A mini review. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:137-181. [PMID: 38247325 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2305663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in the physiological and behavioral processes of humans play a crucial role in the quality of living and also in the magnitude of success and failure in various endeavors including competitive sports. The rhythmic activities of the body and performance in sportspersons do have a massive impact on their every cutthroat competition. It is essential to schedule sports activities and training of players according to their circadian typology and time of peak performance for improved performance and achievement. In this review, the focus is on circadian rhythms and diurnal variations in peak athletic performance in sportspersons. Accuracy and temporal variability in peak performance in an individual could be attributed to various factors, namely chronotype, time of the day, body temperature, jetlag, hormones, and prior light exposure. Circadian rhythm of mood, alertness, T-core, and ultimately athletic performance is not only affected by sleep but also by circadian variations in hormones, such as cortisol, testosterone, and melatonin. There are, however, a few reports that are not consistent with the conclusions drawn in this review. Nevertheless, circadian rhythm and performance among sportspersons and athletes are important areas of research. This review might be useful to the managers and policymakers associated with competitive sports and athletic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraddha Pradhan
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Arti Parganiha
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - C D Agashe
- School of Studies in Physical Education, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Atanu Kumar Pati
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- School of Comparative Indic Studies and Tribal Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences - Deemed to be a University, Bhubaneswar, India
- Odisha State Higher Education Council, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
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7
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Lee S, Lim J, Park J. A warm-up strategy with or without voluntary contraction on athletic performance, lower-leg temperature, and blood lactate concentration. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295537. [PMID: 38206907 PMCID: PMC10783781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether temperature-related warm-up effects can be accomplished by passive warm-up (e.g., by external heat). Therefore, this study compared the effects of two different warm-up protocols with and without voluntary contraction on subsequent sprinting and jumping performance. Eighteen healthy male collegiate students (23.3 ± 2.4 years, 173.8 ± 7.2 cm, 70.5 ± 9.3 kg) randomly experienced 10 min of active (jogging on a treadmill; belt speed: 9.0 km/h at a 1% incline) and passive warm-up (lying down in the warm-up chamber; inner ambient temperature set at 35°C) protocols, followed by ten sets of intermittent exercises in two separate sessions. Athletic performance, lower-leg muscle temperature, and blood lactate concentration were statistically compared using analysis of variance with Tukey-Kramer post-hoc comparisons. Cohen's d effect sizes (ES) were also calculated. There was no warm-up protocol effect over time on 20 m sprint times (condition × time: F9,323 = 1.26, p = 0.25). Maximal vertical jump heights were different (condition × time: F9,323 = 2.0, p = 0.04) such that subjects who performed the active warm-up protocol jumped higher (51.4 cm) than those who did the passive warm-up (49.2 cm, p = 0.04). There was a warm-up protocol effect over time on lower-leg muscle temperature (condition × time: F12,425 = 13.99, p<0.0001) in that there was a 5.5% and 5.8% increase after active (32.8 to 34.6°C, ES = 2.91) and passive (32.9 to 34.9°C, ES = 3.28) warm-up protocols, respectively. Blood lactate concentration was different (condition × time: F2,85 = 3.61, p = 0.03) since the values at the post-warm-up measurements were different between warm-up conditions (active: 4.1 mmol/L; passive: 1.5 mmol/L, p = 0.004, ES = 1.69). Subsequent sprint and jump performance did not differ between the duration- and muscle temperature-matched active and passive warm-up protocols. Non-thermal effects from the warm-up activity may be minimal for sprinting and jumping performance in recreationally active males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Lee
- Division of Sports Science & Medicine, Graduate School of Physical Education, Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Junhyeong Lim
- Physical Education, Graduate School, Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jihong Park
- Department of Sports Medicine, Athletic Training Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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8
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Shapiro B, Fang Y, Sen S, Forger D. Unraveling the interplay of circadian rhythm and sleep deprivation on mood: A Real-World Study on first-year physicians. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 3:e0000439. [PMID: 38295082 PMCID: PMC10829990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between circadian rhythms, time awake, and mood remains poorly understood in the real-world. Individuals in high-stress occupations with irregular schedules or nighttime shifts are particularly vulnerable to depression and other mood disorders. Advances in wearable technology have provided the opportunity to study these interactions outside of a controlled laboratory environment. Here, we examine the effects of circadian rhythms and time awake on mood in first-year physicians using wearables. Continuous heart rate, step count, sleep data, and daily mood scores were collected from 2,602 medical interns across 168,311 days of Fitbit data. Circadian time and time awake were extracted from minute-by-minute wearable heart rate and motion measurements. Linear mixed modeling determined the relationship between mood, circadian rhythm, and time awake. In this cohort, mood was modulated by circadian timekeeping (p<0.001). Furthermore, we show that increasing time awake both deteriorates mood (p<0.001) and amplifies mood's circadian rhythm nonlinearly. These findings demonstrate the contributions of both circadian rhythms and sleep deprivation to underlying mood and show how these factors can be studied in real-world settings using Fitbits. They underscore the promising opportunity to harness wearables in deploying chronotherapies for psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Shapiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Health, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Yu Fang
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Srijan Sen
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Daniel Forger
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Buguet A, Radomski MW, Reis J, Spencer PS. Heatwaves and human sleep: Stress response versus adaptation. J Neurol Sci 2023; 454:120862. [PMID: 37922826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The World Meteorological Organization considers a heatwave as "a period of statistically unusual hot weather persisting for a number of days and nights". Accompanying the ongoing global climate change, sharp heatwave bouts occur worldwide, growing in frequency and intensity, and beginning earlier in the season. Heatwaves exacerbate the risk of heat-related illnesses, hence human morbidity and mortality, particularly in vulnerable elderly and children. Heat-related illnesses present a continuum from normothermic (prickly heat, heat edema, heat cramps, heat tetany) to hyperthermic syndromes (from heat syncope and heat exhaustion to lethal heat stroke). Heat stroke may occur through passive heating and/or exertional exercise. "Normal sleep", such as observed in temperate conditions, is altered during heatwaves. Brisk excessive heat bouts shorten and fragment human sleep. Particularly, deep N3 sleep (formerly slow-wave sleep) and REM sleep are depleted, such as in other stressful situations. The resultant sleep loss is deleterious to cognitive performance, emotional brain function, behavior, and susceptibility to chronic health conditions and infectious diseases. Our group has previously demonstrated that sleep constitutes an adaptive mechanism during climatic heat acclimatization. In parallel, artificial heat acclimation procedures have been proposed in sports and military activities, and for the elderly. Other preventive actions should be considered, such as education and urban heat island cooling (vegetation, white paint), thus avoiding energy-hungry air conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Buguet
- Invited Scientist, Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS, Claude-Bernard Lyon-1 University, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Manny W Radomski
- Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto, Apt n° 2501, 2010 Islington Avenue, Toronto, ON M9P3S8, Canada
| | - Jacques Reis
- University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Association RISE, 3 rue du Loir, 67205 Oberhausbergen, France
| | - Peter S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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10
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Costa CMA, Narciso FV, Brant VM, Silva A, Borba DDA, Rosa JPP, Wanner SP, Romano-Silva MA, de Mello MT. Can the inner eye canthus temperature be used as an alternative method to measure core temperature in sleep-deprived individuals? J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103716. [PMID: 37806067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Core temperature is used in several situations, including studies on biological rhythms and circadian markers of physical performance. Measuring the inner eye canthus (Tco) temperature is a method proposed to identify core temperature, but it has shown little concordance in physical exercise situations and has not yet been used in studies with measurements taken throughout the day. The objective of this study was to compare the measurements and daily behavior of Tco obtained by infrared thermography with rectal temperature (Tre) during a prolonged waking protocol. Eleven male individuals participated in the study, who remained in the laboratory for at least 38 h using an actigraph to determine the wakefulness time and were monitored during the entire period. The Tre and Tco measurements were performed every 3 h. The ANOVA was used for repeated measurements followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test to find the limits of concordance/proximity, while the Bland and Altman method and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient were used to establish the reliability between the pairs. The significance level adopted was p < 0.05. The results demonstrate significant differences, low levels of concordance and unsatisfactory reliability levels between Tco and Tre at all 13 analyzed moments, in addition to not showing measurement reliability when all data are used together with the 143 temperature measurements. Daily behavior analysis shows moments with similar behavior with an increase in Tco and Tre, but at other times the behavior was the opposite, with a decrease in one measurement and an increase in the other. Based on the results presented, it is not recommended to use the inner eye canthus temperature as a substitute for rectal temperature for measuring core temperature at different times of the day or in sleep-deprived individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Magno Amaral Costa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Rio Pomba, Rio Pomba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Veruska Narciso
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Centro Universitário Mario Palmério (UNIFUCAMP), Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Valdênio Martins Brant
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Silva
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Diego de Alcantara Borba
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Science and of Movement, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Pereira Rosa
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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11
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Kang J, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Bush JA, Finnerty C, DiFiore M, Garcia A, Beller N. Time-of-Day Effects of Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Responses and Endurance Performance-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2080-2090. [PMID: 37026733 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kang, J, Ratamess, NA, Faigenbaum, AD, Bush, JA, Finnerty, C, DiFiore, M, Garcia, A, and Beller, N. Time-of-day effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory responses and endurance performance-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 2080-2090, 2023-The time-of-day effect of exercise on human function remains largely equivocal. Hence, this study aimed to further analyze the existing evidence concerning diurnal variations in cardiorespiratory responses and endurance performance using a meta-analytic approach. Literature search was conducted through databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Article selection was made based on inclusion criteria concerning subjects' characteristics, exercise protocols, times of testing, and targeted dependent variables. Results on oxygen uptake (V̇ o2 ), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio, and endurance performance in the morning (AM) and late afternoon or evening (PM) were extracted from the chosen studies. Meta-analysis was conducted with the random-effects model. Thirty-one original research studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Meta-analysis revealed higher resting V̇ o2 (Hedges' g = -0.574; p = 0.040) and resting HR (Hedges' g = -1.058; p = 0.002) in PM than in AM. During exercise, although V̇ o2 remained indifferent between AM and PM, HR was higher in PM at submaximal (Hedges' g = -0.199; p = 0.046) and maximal (Hedges' g = -0.298; p = 0.001) levels. Endurance performance as measured by time-to-exhaustion or the total work accomplished was higher in PM than in AM (Hedges' g = -0.654; p = 0.001). Diurnal variations in V̇ o2 appear less detectable during aerobic exercise. The finding that exercising HR and endurance performance were greater in PM than in AM emphasizes the need to consider the effect of circadian rhythm when evaluating athletic performance or using HR as a criterion to assess fitness or monitor training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey
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12
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Nobari H, Azarian S, Saedmocheshi S, Valdés-Badilla P, García Calvo T. Narrative review: The role of circadian rhythm on sports performance, hormonal regulation, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19636. [PMID: 37809566 PMCID: PMC10558889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was a narrative review of the importance of circadian rhythm (CR), describes the underlying mechanisms of CR in sports performance, emphasizes the reciprocal link between CR, endocrine homeostasis and sex differences, and the unique role of the circadian clock in immune system function and coordination. Method As a narrative review study, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (core collection) databases using the keywords "circadian rhythm", "sports performance", "hormonal regulation", "immune system", and "injury prevention". Inclusion criteria were studies published in English and peer-reviewed journals until July 2023. Studies that examined the role of CR in sports performance, hormonal status, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes were selected for review. Results CR is followed by almost all physiological and biochemical activities in the human body. In humans, the superchiasmatic nucleus controls many daily biorhythms under solar time, including the sleep-wake cycle. A body of literature indicates that the peak performance of essential indicators of sports performance is primarily in the afternoon hours, and the evening of actions occurs roughly at the peak of core body temperature. Recent studies have demonstrated that the time of day that exercise is performed affects the achievement of good physical performance. This review also shows various biomarkers of cellular damage in weariness and the underlying mechanisms of diurnal fluctuations. According to the clock, CR can be synchronized with photonic and non-photonic stimuli (i.e., temperature, physical activity, and food intake), and feeding patterns and diet changes can affect CR and redox markers. It also emphasizes the reciprocal links between CR and endocrine homeostasis, the specific role of the circadian clock in coordinating immune system function, and the relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. Conclusion The interaction between insufficient sleep and time of day on performance has been established in this study because it is crucial to balance training, recovery, and sleep duration to attain optimal sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Somayeh Azarian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Saber Saedmocheshi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, 3530000, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, 2520000, Chile
| | - Tomás García Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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13
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Meade RD, Notley SR, Akerman AP, McGarr GW, Richards BJ, McCourt ER, King KE, McCormick JJ, Boulay P, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP. Physiological responses to 9 hours of heat exposure in young and older adults. Part I: Body temperature and hemodynamic regulation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:673-687. [PMID: 37439239 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00227.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an elevated risk of heat-related mortality and morbidity, attributed, in part, to declines in thermoregulation. However, comparisons between young and older adults have been limited to brief exposures (1-4 h), which may not adequately reflect the duration or severity of the heat stress experienced during heat waves. We therefore evaluated physiological responses in 20 young (19-31 yr; 10 females) and 39 older (61-78 yr; 11 females) adults during 9 h of rest at 40°C and 9% relative humidity. Whole body heat exchange and storage were measured with direct calorimetry during the first 3 h and final 3 h. Core temperature (rectal) was monitored continuously. The older adults stored 88 kJ [95% confidence interval (CI): 29, 147] more heat over the first 3 h of exposure (P = 0.006). Although no between-group differences were observed after 3 h [young: 37.6°C (SD 0.2°C) vs. older: 37.7°C (0.3°C); P = 0.216], core temperature was elevated by 0.3°C [0.1, 0.4] (adjusted for baseline) in the older group at hour 6 [37.6°C (0.2°C) vs. 37.9°C (0.2°C); P < 0.001] and by 0.2°C [0.0, 0.3] at hour 9 [37.7°C (0.3°C) vs. 37.8°C (0.3°C)], although the latter comparison was not significant after multiplicity correction (P = 0.061). Our findings indicate that older adults sustain greater increases in heat storage and core temperature during daylong exposure to hot dry conditions compared with their younger counterparts. This study represents an important step in the use of ecologically relevant, prolonged exposures for translational research aimed at quantifying the physiological and health impacts of hot weather and heat waves on heat-vulnerable populations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found greater increases in body heat storage and core temperature in older adults than in their younger counterparts during 9 h of resting exposure to hot dry conditions. Furthermore, the age-related increase in core temperature was exacerbated in older adults with common heat-vulnerability-linked health conditions (type 2 diabetes and hypertension). Impairments in thermoregulatory function likely contribute to the increased risk of heat-related illness and injury seen in older adults during hot weather and heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Meade
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sean R Notley
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley P Akerman
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory W McGarr
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brodie J Richards
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma R McCourt
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelli E King
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James J McCormick
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Boulay
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Miller DJ, Roach GD, Lastella M, Capodilupo ER, Sargent C. Hit the gym or hit the hay: can evening exercise characteristics predict compromised sleep in healthy adults? Front Physiol 2023; 14:1231835. [PMID: 37576342 PMCID: PMC10419177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1231835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent sleep guidelines regarding evening exercise have shifted from a conservative (i.e., do not exercise in the evening) to a more nuanced approach (i.e., exercise may not be detrimental to sleep in circumstances). With the increasing popularity of wearable technology, information regarding exercise and sleep are readily available to the general public. There is potential for these data to aid sleep recommendations within and across different population cohorts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine if sleep, exercise, and individual characteristics can be used to predict whether evening exercise will compromise sleep. Methods: Data regarding evening exercise and the subsequent night's sleep were obtained from 5,250 participants (1,321F, 3,929M, aged 30.1 ± 5.2 yrs) using a wearable device (WHOOP 3.0). Data for females and males were analysed separately. The female and male datasets were both randomly split into subsets of training and testing data (training:testing = 75:25). Algorithms were trained to identify compromised sleep (i.e., sleep efficiency <90%) for females and males based on factors including the intensity, duration and timing of evening exercise. Results: When subsequently evaluated using the independent testing datasets, the algorithms had sensitivity for compromised sleep of 87% for females and 90% for males, specificity of 29% for females and 20% for males, positive predictive value of 32% for females and 36% for males, and negative predictive value of 85% for females and 79% for males. If these results generalise, applying the current algorithms would allow females to exercise on ~ 25% of evenings with ~ 15% of those sleeps being compromised and allow males to exercise on ~ 17% of evenings with ~ 21% of those sleeps being compromised. Discussion: The main finding of this study was that the models were able to predict a high percentage of nights with compromised sleep based on individual characteristics, exercise characteristics and habitual sleep characteristics. If the benefits of exercising in the evening outweigh the costs of compromising sleep on some of the nights when exercise is undertaken, then the application of the current algorithms could be considered a viable alternative to generalised sleep hygiene guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean J. Miller
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Wayville, SA, Australia
| | - Gregory D. Roach
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Wayville, SA, Australia
| | - Michele Lastella
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Wayville, SA, Australia
| | | | - Charli Sargent
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Wayville, SA, Australia
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15
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Pariyavuth P, Lee JKW, Tan PMS, Vichaiwong K, Mawhinney C, Pinthong M. Practical internal and external cooling methods do not influence rapid recovery from simulated taekwondo performance. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:286-294. [PMID: 37332293 PMCID: PMC10272492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives The influence of post-exercise cooling on recovery has gained much attention in the empirical literature, however, data is limited in regards to optimizing recovery from taekwondo performance when combat is repeated in quick succession within the same day. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the effects of external and internal cooling after simulated taekwondo combat upon intestinal temperature (Tint), psychomotor skills (reaction time, response time, movement time), and neuromuscular function (peak torque, average power, time to reach peak torque). Methods Using a randomized counterbalanced crossover design, 10 well-trained male taekwondo athletes completed four recovery methods on separate occasions: passive recovery (CON), a 5-minute thermoneutral water immersion (35°C) (TWI), a 5-min cold water immersion (15°C) (CWI), and ice slurry ingestion (-1°C) (ICE; consumed every 5 min for 30 min). Heart rate (HR), blood lactate (Blac) concentrations, and Tint were determined at rest, immediately after combat, and at selected intervals during a 90-min recovery period. Neuromuscular functional (measured with isokinetic dynamometer) and psychomotor indices were assessed at baseline and after the recovery period. Results ICE led to a significantly lower Tint at 30 min (P<0.01) and 45 min (P<0.01) after simulated combat; 15-30 min after cessation of ingesting ice slurry, compared with the CON and TWI conditions, respectively. However, there were no differences in Tint across time points between the other conditions (P>0.05). Psychomotor skills and neuromuscular function indices returned to baseline values after the 90 min recovery period (P>0.05) with no differences observed between conditions (P>0.05). Conclusion The present findings suggest that internal (ICE) and external (CWI) recovery methods appear to have little impact on physiological and functional indices over the time course required to influence repeated taekwondo combat performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Pariyavuth
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Jason Kai Wei Lee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pearl Min Sze Tan
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kanokwan Vichaiwong
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Christopher Mawhinney
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Metta Pinthong
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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16
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Moini Jazani A, Nasimi Doost Azgomi H, Nasimi Doost Azgomi A, Hossein Ayati M, Nasimi Doost Azgomi R. Efficacy of hydrotherapy, spa therapy, and balneotherapy on sleep quality: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:975-991. [PMID: 37145200 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to review and assess the results obtained from human studies on the effects of hydrotherapy, balneotherapy, and spa therapy on sleep disorders. In this study, databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Scopus, and sciences direct database were searched from the beginning to September 2022. All human studies that examined the effect of hydrotherapy, balneotherapy, and spa therapy on sleep disorders were published in the form of a full article in English. In the end, only 18 of the 189 articles met the criteria for analysis. Most studies have shown that balneotherapy, spa therapy, and hydrotherapy may by affecting some hormones such as histamine, serotonin, sympathetic nerves, and regulating body temperature led to increased quality and quantity of sleep. Also, the results obtained from Downs and Black show that 3 studies were rated as very good, 7 studies as good, 7 studies as fair, and 1 study as weak. The results of studies also showed that hydrotherapy leads to an improvement in the PSQI score index. Nevertheless, more clinical trials are needed to determine the mechanism of action of hydrotherapy on sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Moini Jazani
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Nasimi Doost Azgomi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Nasimi Doost Azgomi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ayati
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Departman of Medical History, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nasimi Doost Azgomi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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17
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Costa M, Re M. Chronotype and quality of sleep in alpine skiers. Chronobiol Int 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37080773 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2203236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Alpine skiing is among the most demanding sporting activities in terms of physical effort and mental workload. The aim of the study was to compare sleep quality and chronotype distribution between 84 highly trained alpine skiers and a control sample of 84 non-athletes matched by age and sex ratio. Quality of sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index (PSQI), and chronotype was assessed by the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Additional questions assessed sleep management during training or competitions. The results showed a marked skewed chronotype distribution towards morningness in alpine skiers (52.4% morning type, 42.8% intermediate, and 4.8% evening type) in comparison to the control group. The midpoint of sleep was significantly anticipated among alpine skiers. Differently from the previous literature that showed poor sleep quality and quantity in competitive athletes, the quality and quantity of sleep in alpine skiers was within the normal range in all the PSQI subcomponents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Costa
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Re
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Grosjean E, Simonneaux V, Challet E. Reciprocal Interactions between Circadian Clocks, Food Intake, and Energy Metabolism. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040539. [PMID: 37106739 PMCID: PMC10136292 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Like other biological functions, food intake and energy metabolism display daily rhythms controlled by the circadian timing system that comprises a main circadian clock and numerous secondary clocks in the brain and peripheral tissues. Each secondary circadian clock delivers local temporal cues based on intracellular transcriptional and translational feedback loops that are tightly interconnected to intracellular nutrient-sensing pathways. Genetic impairment of molecular clocks and alteration in the rhythmic synchronizing cues, such as ambient light at night or mistimed meals, lead to circadian disruption that, in turn, negatively impacts metabolic health. Not all circadian clocks are sensitive to the same synchronizing signals. The master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus is mostly synchronized by ambient light and, to a lesser extent, by behavioral cues coupled to arousal and exercise. Secondary clocks are generally phase-shifted by timed metabolic cues associated with feeding, exercise, and changes in temperature. Furthermore, both the master and secondary clocks are modulated by calorie restriction and high-fat feeding. Taking into account the regularity of daily meals, the duration of eating periods, chronotype, and sex, chrononutritional strategies may be useful for improving the robustness of daily rhythmicity and maintaining or even restoring the appropriate energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Grosjean
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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19
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Snape D, Wainwright B, Woods DR, O'Hara JP. Reliability of Biomarkers of Physiological Stress at Rest and Post-exertional Heat Stress. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:184-191. [PMID: 35777726 DOI: 10.1055/a-1890-0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of blood biomarkers that can signify exercise-induced heat stress in hot conditions. Fourteen males completed two heat stress tests separated by 5-7 days. Venous blood was drawn pre- and post- heat stress for the concentration of normetanephrine, metanephrine, serum osmolality, copeptin, kidney-injury molecule 1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. No biomarker, except copeptin, displayed systematic trial order bias (p≥0.05). Normetanephrine, copeptin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin presented acceptable reliability (CV range: 0.9-14.3%), while greater variability was present in metanephrine, osmolality and kidney-injury molecule 1 (CV range: 28.6-43.2%). Normetanephrine exhibited the largest increase (p<0.001) in response to heat stress (trial 1=1048±461 pmol. L-1; trial 2=1067±408 pmol. L-1), whilst kidney-injury molecule 1 presented trivial changes (trial 1=-4±20 ng. L-1; trial 2=2 ± 16 ng. L-1, p>0.05). Normetanephrine, copeptin, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin demonstrated good reliability and sensitivity to an acute bout of heat stress. These biomarkers may be suitable for application in laboratory and field research to understand the efficacy of interventions that can attenuate the risk of thermal injury whilst exercising in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Snape
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Barney Wainwright
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - David R Woods
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,Academic Medicine, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - John Paul O'Hara
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Goulet N, McCormick JJ, King KE, Notley SR, Goldfield GS, Fujii N, Amano T, Kenny GP. Elevations in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor following occupational heat stress are not influenced by age or common chronic disease. Temperature (Austin) 2023; 10:454-464. [PMID: 38130657 PMCID: PMC10732602 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2176107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With global warming, workers are increasingly exposed to strenuous occupations in hot environments. Given age- and disease-associated declines in thermoregulatory function, older workers are at an elevated risk of developing heat-related injuries. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is thought to confer neuroprotection during acute exercise, however, the influence of environmental heat on BDNF responses during prolonged work remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated serum BDNF concentrations before and after 180 min of moderate-intensity treadmill walking (200 W/m2) and after 60 min of post-exercise recovery in temperate (wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) 16°C) and hot (WBGT 32°C) environments in 13 healthy young men (mean [SD; 22 [3] years), 12 healthy older men (59 [4] years), 10 men with hypertension (HTN) (60 [4] years), and 9 men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (60 [5] years). In the temperate condition, all but one participant (1 HTN) completed the 180 min of exercise. While exercise tolerance in the heat was lower in older men with HTN (117 min [45]) and T2D (123 min [42]) compared to healthy older men (159 min [31]) (both p ≤ 0.049), similar end-exercise rectal temperatures (38.9°C [0.4]) were observed across groups, paralleled by similar elevations in serum BDNF across groups at end-exercise (+1106 pg/mL [203]) and end-recovery (+938 pg/mL [146]; all p ≤ 0.01) in the heat. No changes in serum BDNF were observed in the temperate condition. Our findings indicate similar BDNF responses in individuals with HTN or T2D compared to their healthy counterparts, despite exhibiting reduced tolerance to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Goulet
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Canada
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Canada
| | - James J. McCormick
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Canada
| | - Kelli E. King
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Canada
| | - Sean R. Notley
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Canada
| | - Gary S. Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ontario, Canada, Canada
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Glen P. Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada, Canada
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21
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Liu H, Liang J, Wang K, Zhang T, Liu S, Luo J. Mood Status Response to Physical Activity and Its Influence on Performance: Are Chronotype and Exercise Timing Affect? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2822. [PMID: 36833520 PMCID: PMC9956388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is well known that there is an obvious 24 h diurnal variation in the individual's mood state and physiological activity, and training at different times of the day may lead to different exercise performance and metabolic outcomes; however, the time-dependent effect of emotional state on physical activity and the influence of its circadian rhythm on exercise performance are still not comprehensively understood. Based on this, this study summarizes the rhythmic experimental research in the field of sport psychology, and it aims to provide the basis for coaches to optimize sports training scientifically and to improve the mental health of the related crowd to the greatest extent. METHODS The systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and CNKI databases for relevant literature; the search scope was research before September 2022. RESULTS 13 studies comprising 382 subjects examined the effects of exercise timing on mood responses to exercise or the effects of circadian rhythms of mood on exercise performance, which included 3 RCTs and 10 Non-RCTs. The subjects included athletes (both training or retired), college students, and healthy adults. Two studies were designed for long-term exercise intervention (aerobic training and RISE) and the rest for acute intervention (CrossFit training, HIIT, aerobic combined with muscle conditioning training, constant power exhaustion training, and cycling) or physical function tests (RSA + BTV tests, 30 s Wingate test, muscle strength + CMJ + swimming performance test, RSSJA, shooting accuracy tests + 10 × 20 m dribbling sprint, 200 m time trials). All trials reported specific exercise timing; of these, 10 studies reported subjects' chronotypes, most commonly using the MEQ scale, while 1 recorded with the CSM. Mood responses were assessed with the POMS scale in 10 studies, while 3 other studies used the UMACL, PANAS, and GAS scales, respectively. CONCLUSION There was much inconsistency between the results, with subjects likely to be exposed to more sunlight (the main timing factor of the circadian rhythm) during early morning exercise, resulting in feeling more positive emotions; however, following a night's rest, delayed responses and poor functioning of the various organ systems of the human body may also lead to higher feelings of fatigue and negative emotions indirectly. Conversely, for athletes, their physical function tests are also more susceptible to the circadian rhythm of emotions, suggesting the importance of synchronizing them. In addition, night owls' emotional state during physical activity seems to be more susceptible to exercise timing than that of early birds. In order to achieve the best emotional state, it is suggested that night owls arrange courses in the afternoon or evening in future training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiong Luo
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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22
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Bentouati E, Romdhani M, Khemila S, Chtourou H, Souissi N. The Effects of Listening to Non-preferred or Self-Selected Music during Short-Term Maximal Exercise at Varied Times of Day. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:539-554. [PMID: 36458504 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221142662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, we examined the effects of listening to non-preferred (neutral) or self-selected motivational music while warming-up for the Wingate test at varied times of day. Participants were 10 male physical education students who were randomly assigned in a counterbalanced order to perform the Wingate test after a 10-minute warm-up with (a) self-selected motivational music (WUMM), (b) non-preferred music (WUNPM) or (c) no music (WUWM) at morning (0700) or afternoon (1700) times of day. We measured their peak powers (PP) and mean powers (MP) during the Wingate test, and we measured their ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) immediately after each of the warm-up and Wingate performances. PP and MP were higher in the afternoon, compared to the morning for all conditions. Both WUNPM and WUMM conditions were associated with enhanced PP in the morning (WUNPM: p < 0.001, d = 1.82; WUMM: p < 0.001, d = 2.59) and in the afternoon (WUNPM: p < 0.001, d = 1.24; WUMM: p < 0.01, d = 1.76) compared to WUWM, with greater enhancements after WUMM (0700: p < 0.05, d = 0.77; 1700: p < 0.05, d = 0.81) than after WUNPM. After the Wingate test, participants reported lower RPE scores for the WUMM condition, compared to either the WUWM condition (0700: p < 0.001, d = 0.20; 1700: p < 0.001, d = 0.84) or the WUNPM condition (0700: p < 0.01, d = 0.10; 1700: p < 0.05, d = 0.79). Thus, a warm-up with self-selected motivational music improved muscle power and decreased perceived exertion at both time points, with greater improvements at the morning hour (0700).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Bentouati
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ringgold: 479815Manouba University, Tunisia.,Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, Ringgold: 590940National Observatory of Sports, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, Ringgold: 590940National Observatory of Sports, Tunisia.,Motricité-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR4334, Ringgold: 173545Le Mans Université, France
| | - Syrine Khemila
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ringgold: 479815Manouba University, Tunisia.,Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, Ringgold: 590940National Observatory of Sports, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, Ringgold: 590940National Observatory of Sports, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, 479822University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ringgold: 479815Manouba University, Tunisia.,Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, Ringgold: 590940National Observatory of Sports, Tunisia
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23
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Carmo AAL, Goulart KNO, Cabido CET, Martins YAT, Santos GCF, Shang FLT, Prado LS, Soares DD, de Mello MT, Mendes TT, Silami-Garcia E, Wanner SP. Active warm-up and time-of-day effects on repeated-sprint performance and post-exercise recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:49-64. [PMID: 36152058 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of both an active warm-up and the time-of-day variation on repeated-sprint performance. A second objective was to compare the post-exercise recovery between the experimental conditions. METHODS Eleven male participants performed ten maximal cycling sprints (6 s each, with a 30-s interval between them) in the morning and late afternoon, either after a warm-up or control condition. The warm-up consisted of cycling for 10 min at 50% of the peak aerobic power. RESULTS Rest measurements of rectal, muscle, and skin temperatures were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning (p < 0.05), with no significant differences in heart rate (p = 0.079) and blood lactate concentration (p = 0.300). Warm-up increased muscle temperature, heart rate, and lactate, and reduced skin temperature (all p < 0.001), though no significant differences were observed for rectal temperature (p = 0.410). The number of revolutions (p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.375), peak (p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.375), and mean (p = 0.037, ηp2 = 0.365) power of the first sprint (not the average of ten sprints) were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning, regardless of warm-up. However, beneficial performance effects of warming up were evident for the first (p < 0.001) and the average of ten sprints (p < 0.05), regardless of time of day. More remarkable changes during the 60-min post-exercise were observed for rectal temperature (p = 0.005) and heart rate (p = 0.010) in the afternoon than in the morning. CONCLUSION Warming-up and time-of-day effects in enhancing muscular power are independent. Although warm-up ensured further beneficial effects on performance than the time-of-day variation, a faster post-exercise recovery was observed in the late afternoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano A L Carmo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Karine N O Goulart
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Christian E T Cabido
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Ygor A T Martins
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela C F Santos
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe L T Shang
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luciano S Prado
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marco T de Mello
- Psychobiology and Exercise Study Center, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago T Mendes
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Emerson Silami-Garcia
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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24
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Park C, Hwang J, Ahn JW, Park YJ. Perceiving "Complex Autonomous Systems" in Symmetry Dynamics: Elementary Coordination Embedding in Circadian Cycles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:166. [PMID: 36612486 PMCID: PMC9819880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the biological autonomy and control of function in circumstances that assessed the presumed relationship of an organism with an environmental cycle. An understanding of this behavior appeals to the organism-environment system rather than just the organism. Therefore, we sought to uncover the laws underlying end-directed capabilities by measuring biological characteristics (motor synchrony) in an environmental cycle (circadian temperature). We found that the typical elementary coordination (bimanual) stability measure varied significantly as a function of the day-night temperature cycle. While circadian effects under artificially manipulated temperatures were not straightforward during the day-night temperature cycle, the circadian effect divided by the ordinary circadian rhythm remained constant during the day-night cycle. Our observation of this direct, robust relationship between the biological characteristics (body temperature and motor synchrony) and environmental processes (circadian temperature cycle) could mirror the adaptation of our biological system to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulwook Park
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), m1919-1, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Jean Hwang
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woong Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Park
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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25
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Romdhani M, Vedasalam S, Souissi A, Fessi MS, Varma A, Taheri M, Ghram A, Al Naama A, Mkaouer B, Ben Saad H, Dergaa I. Is there a diurnal variation of COVID-19 patients warranting presentation to the health centre? A chronobiological observational cross-sectional study. Ann Med 2022; 54:3060-3068. [PMID: 36308396 PMCID: PMC9635474 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2136399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian clock regulates the function of the immune system, the replication of viruses, and the magnitude of infections. The aim of this study was to analyse whether hospital attendance in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients presents a diurnal variation. METHODS Data from the electronic medical records of 1094 COVID-19 patients who presented to a Health Centre in Qatar during the month of July 2020 was retrospectively analysed. The following demographic (i.e. time of day (TOD), sex, age), clinical (i.e. cycle threshold (CT), temperature, oxy-haemoglobin saturation and resting heart-rate), biochemical (i.e. uraemia, glycaemia and albuminia) and haematological (i.e. leukocytes, erythrocytes ad platelets) parameters were collected. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed a significant effect of TOD on hospital admission (p < 0.001), with patients attending the health care centre more during the active behavioural phase (08h00-00h00) compared to the resting phase (00h00-08h00). COVID-19 infection blunted the circadian rhythms of core body temperature, neutrophils and leukocytes family and shifted the circadian rhythms of resting heart-rate and uraemia. Correlation analysis showed a near perfect negative correlation between the age of patients and the TOD (r=-0.97), with older patients attending the care centre earlier during the day. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection affected the circadian rhythms of the host through disrupting the circadian rhythms of core temperature and innate immunity mediators. Old patients attend the health care centre earlier compared to younger ones. However, CT during polymerase chain reaction-test was unaffected by the TOD, which limits the conclusion that COVID-19 viral infection exhibits diurnal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Romdhani
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Motricité-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR4334, Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France
| | | | - Amine Souissi
- Sports Medicine, Universite de Sousse, Faculte de Medecine de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Saifeddin Fessi
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amit Varma
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Morteza Taheri
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvi, Iran
| | - Amine Ghram
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, US
| | | | | | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Laboratoire de Recherche (LR12SP09) "Insuffisance cardiaque" Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Hôpital Farhat HACHED, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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26
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Costello HM, Johnston JG, Juffre A, Crislip GR, Gumz ML. Circadian clocks of the kidney: function, mechanism, and regulation. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1669-1701. [PMID: 35575250 PMCID: PMC9273266 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An intrinsic cellular circadian clock is located in nearly every cell of the body. The peripheral circadian clocks within the cells of the kidney contribute to the regulation of a variety of renal processes. In this review, we summarize what is currently known regarding the function, mechanism, and regulation of kidney clocks. Additionally, the effect of extrarenal physiological processes, such as endocrine and neuronal signals, on kidney function is also reviewed. Circadian rhythms in renal function are an integral part of kidney physiology, underscoring the importance of considering time of day as a key biological variable. The field of circadian renal physiology is of tremendous relevance, but with limited physiological and mechanistic information on the kidney clocks this is an area in need of extensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jermaine G Johnston
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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27
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Kuula L, Lipsanen J, Partonen T, Kauramäki J, Halonen R, Pesonen AK. Endogenous circadian temperature rhythms relate to adolescents’ daytime physical activity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:947184. [PMID: 36160868 PMCID: PMC9490324 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.947184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms relate to multiple aspects of health and wellbeing, including physical activity patterns. Susceptible circadian regulation predisposes to circadian misalignment, poor sleep, sleep deprivation, increased sleepiness, and thereby sedentary behavior. Adolescents’ circadian regulation is particularly vulnerable, and may lead to sedentary behavior. To investigate which factors associate strongest between physical activity (PA) and circadian behavior, we conducted multimodal circadian rhythm analyses. We investigate how individual characteristics of habitual circadian patterns associate with objectively measured PA. We studied 312 adolescents [70% females) (56% with delayed sleep phase (DSP)], mean age 16.9 years. Circadian period length, temperature mesor (estimated 24 h midline) and amplitude (difference between mesor and peak) were measured using distally attached thermologgers (ibutton 1922L, 3-day-measurement). We additionally utilized algorithm-formed clusters of circadian rhythmicity. Sleep duration, timing, DSP, and PA were measured using actigraphs (GeneActiv Original, 10-day-measurement). We found that continuous circadian period length was not associated with PA, but lower mesor and higher amplitude were consistently associated with higher levels of PA as indicated by mean Metabolic Equivalent (METmean) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), even when controlling for sleep duration. Separate circadian clusters formed by an algorithm also reflected distinct patterns of PA accordingly. Late sleepers and those with DSP were less likely to engage in MVPA compared to non-DSP and had more sedentary behavior. Adolescents who engage in higher levels or high-intensity PA have better circadian regulation, as measured by different objective methods including distal temperature measurements as well as actigraphy-measured sleep-wake behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Kuula
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Liisa Kuula,
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kauramäki
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Halonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Pandi-Perumal SR, Cardinali DP, Zaki NFW, Karthikeyan R, Spence DW, Reiter RJ, Brown GM. Timing is everything: Circadian rhythms and their role in the control of sleep. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:100978. [PMID: 35033557 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and the circadian clock are intertwined and have persisted throughout history. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) orchestrates sleep by controlling circadian (Process C) and homeostatic (Process S) activities. As a "hand" on the endogenous circadian clock, melatonin is critical for sleep regulation. Light serves as a cue for sleep/wake control by activating retino-recipient cells in the SCN and subsequently suppressing melatonin. Clock genes are the molecular timekeepers that keep the 24 h cycle in place. Two main sleep and behavioural disorder diagnostic manuals have now officially recognised the importance of these processes for human health and well-being. The body's ability to respond to daily demands with the least amount of effort is maximised by carefully timing and integrating all components of sleep and waking. In the brain, the organization of timing is essential for optimal brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Somnogen Canada Inc, College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada; Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, 1107 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nevin F W Zaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gregory M Brown
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Molecular Brain Sciences, University of Toronto, 250 College St. Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Menek MY, Budak M. Effect of exercises according to the circadian rhythm in type 2 diabetes: Parallel-group, single-blind, crossover study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1742-1752. [PMID: 35606229 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of structured exercise appropriate the circadian rhythm in terms of blood sample test (BST), functionality and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a parallel-group, single-blind, crossover study. Thirty individuals with type 2 diabetes aged 35-65 years were enrolled in the study and allocated into 2 groups as the Morning Chronotype (MC) Group (n = 15) and the Evening Chronotype (EC) Group (n = 15) using Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire which was used to determine the chronotypes. Participants were evaluated in terms of BST, functionality and QoL at the beginning of the study (T0), at 6 (T1), 12 (T2), and 18 (T3) weeks after the study started. A structured exercise program for 3 days a week over 6 weeks was applied in accordance with the chronotypes (T1-T2) and cross-controlled for the chronotypes (T2-T3). Significant differences were found in favor of the exercise given at the appropriate time for the chronotype in all parameters in both groups within groups (T0-T1-T2-T3) (p < 0.05). In the time∗group interactions, exercise in accordance with the appropriate chronotype in both groups provided the highest statistical improvement in all parameters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was concluded that structured exercise performed at the appropriate time for chronotype improves HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, HDL-LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, total cholesterol, functionality and quality of life in type 2 diabetes. This variation in blood values was observed to reflect the quantitative effects of exercise administered according to the circadian rhythm in individuals with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04427488). The protocol of the study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04427488).
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Yilmaz Menek
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Miray Budak
- Department of Ergotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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30
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Yalçin M, Mundorf A, Thiel F, Amatriain-Fernández S, Kalthoff IS, Beucke JC, Budde H, Garthus-Niegel S, Peterburs J, Relógio A. It's About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health. Front Physiol 2022; 13:873237. [PMID: 35547585 PMCID: PMC9081535 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.873237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of organisms including mammals have evolved a 24h, self-sustained timekeeping machinery known as the circadian clock (biological clock), which enables to anticipate, respond, and adapt to environmental influences such as the daily light and dark cycles. Proper functioning of the clock plays a pivotal role in the temporal regulation of a wide range of cellular, physiological, and behavioural processes. The disruption of circadian rhythms was found to be associated with the onset and progression of several pathologies including sleep and mental disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Thus, the role of the circadian clock in health and disease, and its clinical applications, have gained increasing attention, but the exact mechanisms underlying temporal regulation require further work and the integration of evidence from different research fields. In this review, we address the current knowledge regarding the functioning of molecular circuits as generators of circadian rhythms and the essential role of circadian synchrony in a healthy organism. In particular, we discuss the role of circadian regulation in the context of behaviour and cognitive functioning, delineating how the loss of this tight interplay is linked to pathological development with a focus on mental disorders and neurodegeneration. We further describe emerging new aspects on the link between the circadian clock and physical exercise-induced cognitive functioning, and its current usage as circadian activator with a positive impact in delaying the progression of certain pathologies including neurodegeneration and brain-related disorders. Finally, we discuss recent epidemiological evidence pointing to an important role of the circadian clock in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freya Thiel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida Schulze Kalthoff
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Carl Beucke
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Budde
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Fiorito TM, Krilov LR. Diurnal Temperature Variation: Addressing Once-Daily Nighttime Fevers in the Era of COVID-19. Pediatr Ann 2022; 51:e202-e205. [PMID: 35575539 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20220314-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric patients with "once-daily" fevers are often referred to pediatric infectious disease specialists for evaluation. Often, these fevers occur at nighttime in the absence of additional symptoms and come to the caregiver's attention after a viral illness. It is crucial for caregivers and providers to be able to define and measure fever accurately when trying to ascertain the true etiology of this clinical picture. Fever education is critical in providing reassurance to parents, and fever diaries should be encouraged. In a well-appearing child without any additional symptoms, at least a percentage of these fevers can be explained by normal diurnal variation of temperature. [Pediatr Ann. 2022;51(5):e202-e205.].
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McClean C, Davison GW. Circadian Clocks, Redox Homeostasis, and Exercise: Time to Connect the Dots? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020256. [PMID: 35204138 PMCID: PMC8868136 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling research has documented how the circadian system is essential for the maintenance of several key biological processes including homeostasis, cardiovascular control, and glucose metabolism. Circadian clock disruptions, or losses of rhythmicity, have been implicated in the development of several diseases, premature ageing, and are regarded as health risks. Redox reactions involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) regulate several physiological functions such as cell signalling and the immune response. However, oxidative stress is associated with the pathological effects of RONS, resulting in a loss of cell signalling and damaging modifications to important molecules such as DNA. Direct connections have been established between circadian rhythms and oxidative stress on the basis that disruptions to circadian rhythms can affect redox biology, and vice versa, in a bi-directional relationship. For instance, the expression and activity of several key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT) appear to follow circadian patterns. Consequently, the ability to unravel these interactions has opened an exciting area of redox biology. Exercise exerts numerous benefits to health and, as a potent environmental cue, has the capacity to adjust disrupted circadian systems. In fact, the response to a given exercise stimulus may also exhibit circadian variation. At the same time, the relationship between exercise, RONS, and oxidative stress has also been scrutinised, whereby it is clear that exercise-induced RONS can elicit both helpful and potentially harmful health effects that are dependent on the type, intensity, and duration of exercise. To date, it appears that the emerging interface between circadian rhythmicity and oxidative stress/redox metabolism has not been explored in relation to exercise. This review aims to summarise the evidence supporting the conceptual link between the circadian clock, oxidative stress/redox homeostasis, and exercise stimuli. We believe carefully designed investigations of this nexus are required, which could be harnessed to tackle theories concerned with, for example, the existence of an optimal time to exercise to accrue physiological benefits.
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Almaida-Pagan PF, Torrente M, Campos M, Provencio M, Madrid JA, Franco F, Morilla BR, Cantos B, Sousa PA, Madrid MJM, Pimentao J, Rol MÁ. Chronodisruption and Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring in Cancer Patients: Beyond the Body Clock. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:135-149. [PMID: 35061192 PMCID: PMC8857092 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Circadian rhythms impose daily rhythms a remarkable variety of metabolic and physiological functions, such as cell proliferation, inflammation, and DNA damage response. Accumulating epidemiological and genetic evidence indicates that circadian rhythms’ disruption may be linked to cancer. The integration of circadian biology into cancer research may offer new options for increasing cancer treatment effectiveness and would encompass the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. Recent Findings In recent years, there has been a significant development and use of multi-modal sensors to monitor physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythms, allowing, for the very first time, scaling accurate sleep monitoring to epidemiological research linking sleep patterns to disease, and wellness applications providing new potential applications. Summary This review highlights the role of circadian clock in tumorigenesis, cancer hallmarks and introduces the state-of-the-art in sleep-monitoring technologies, discussing the eventual application of insights in clinical settings and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F Almaida-Pagan
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Torrente
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Calle Manuel de Falla, 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Campos
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Franco
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez Morilla
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cantos
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A Sousa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María José Martínez Madrid
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao Pimentao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Rol
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Ravindrakumar A, Bommasamudram T, Tod D, Edwards BJ, Chtourou H, Pullinger SA. Daily variation in performance measures related to anaerobic power and capacity: A systematic review. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:421-455. [PMID: 34978950 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1994585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Numerous functional measures related to anaerobic performance display daily variation. The diversity of tests and protocols used to assess anaerobic performance related to diurnal effects and the lack of a standardized approach have hindered agreement in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate and systematically review the evidence relating to time-of-day differences in anaerobic performance measures. The entire content of PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, SPORTDiscus® (via EBSCOhost) and Web of Science and multiple electronic libraries were searched. Only experimental research studies conducted in male adult participants aged ≥ 18 yrs before May 2021 were included. Studies assessing tests related to anaerobic capacity or anaerobic power between a minimum of two time-points during the day (morning vs evening) were deemed eligible. The primary search revealed that a total of 55 out of 145 articles were considered eligible and subsequently included. Thirty-nine studies assessed anaerobic power and twenty-five anaerobic capacity using different modes of exercise and test protocols. Forty-eight studies found several of their performance variables to display time-of-day effects, with higher values in the evening than the morning, while seven studies did not find any time-of-day significance in any variables which were assessed. The magnitude of difference is dependent on the modality and the exercise protocol used. Performance measures for anaerobic power found jump tests displayed 2.7 to 12.3% differences, force velocity tests ~8% differences, sprint tests 2.7 to 11.3% differences and 5-m multiple shuttle run tests 3.7 to 13.1% differences in favour of the evening. Performance measures for anaerobic capacity found Wingate test to display 1.8 to 11.7% differences and repeated sprint tests to display 3.4 to 10.2% differences. The only test not to display time-of-day differences was the running based anaerobic sprint test (RAST). Time-of-day variations in anaerobic performance has previously been partially explained by higher core-body and/or muscle temperature and better muscle contractile properties in the afternoon, although recent findings suggest that differences in methodology, motivation/arousal, habitual training times and chronotypes could provide additional explanations. There is a clear demand for a rigorous, standardised approach to be adopted by future investigations which control factors that specifically relate to investigations of time-of-day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Ravindrakumar
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Tulasiram Bommasamudram
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - David Tod
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur Du Sport Et De l'Education Physique De Sfax, Université De Sfax, Sfax Tunisie
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Korman P, Kusy K, Kantanista A, Straburzyńska-Lupa A, Zieliński J. Temperature and creatine kinase changes during a 10d taper period in sprinters. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 34823228 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac3d76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective.The aim of this prospective cohort study, performed during a 10 d training camp, was to analyze the effect of a series of successive speed-power training sessions on the concurrent circadian changes in resting leg skin temperature and blood creatine kinase (CK) levels and to determine the correlation between them.Approach. Seventeen elite sprinters, aged 22-31 years, were examined. Every morning and evening, capillary blood samples were drawn to assay CK levels. Lower limb skin temperature was measured simultaneously, and thermal images were taken using an infrared camera.Main results. From the first day of the training camp, the base temperature levels began to drop to obtain a significant reduction from the 6th day (male) and from the 8th day (female) to the end of the camp. Simultaneously, CK levels increased in the male group from 8th to the end of the camp, but it did not change significantly in females. Regarding the circadian rhythm, the CK levels always rose during the day and declined during the night. The temperature decreased during the day and increased during the night until the 6th day. After that, the temperature changed oppositely till the end of camp, i.e. it increased during the day and decreased during the night. This could suggest that the training microcycle should last about a week because after this time there may be a disturbance in the temperature circadian rhythm and a significant CK accumulationSignificance. Multi-day speed-power training induced a progressive reduction in resting skin temperature and an elevation in CK levels. It also altered the circadian rhythm of the body skin temperature, which may indicate that after about 6 d of regular exercise, physiological deregulation may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Korman
- Chair of Physical Therapy and Sports Recovery, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland
| | - Adam Kantanista
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland
| | - Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa
- Chair of Physical Therapy and Sports Recovery, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland
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Use of subcutaneous transponders to monitor body temperature in laboratory rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 114:107145. [PMID: 34958946 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Implantable radiofrequency transponders may be adequate for the characterization of hazardous chemicals targeting body temperature control in experimental animals when colonic probes and automated monitoring systems based on intraperitoneal transmitters are not available, installable or applicable for any reason. In this work, we summarize a series of experiments showing the implantation protocol and utility of rice-grain size transponders to monitor subcutaneous temperature (Tsc) after exposure to pharmacological or toxicological treatments targeting body temperature control in laboratory rats. In addition, to explore the responsiveness of this thermometric system, the influence of physiological activity on Tsc readings was examined by monitoring Tsc after a motor exercise in a RotaRod system. Moreover, we characterized the effects of acute oral administration of the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin (PRM) in corn oil (1 mL/kg) on Tsc. PRM has been previously reported to cause dose-related increases in core temperature after administering oral doses ≥75 mg/kg, with peak effects at 2-4 h in adult rats. We monitored Tsc at 30 min intervals over a 4 h period after exposure to PRM (40-160 mg/kg). PRM caused a moderate increase in Tsc starting at ~3.5 h. Overall, Tsc assays showed minimal animal stress (if any) and rapid animal recovery from transponder implantation, simplicity to collect data, convenient testing room space requirements, and a competitive global cost per animal examined. However, various experimental factors may greatly influence the variability within and between individuals, some of which can be controlled by carefully setting up experimental conditions.
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Impact of thermal sensation on exercise performance in the heat: a Thermo Tokyo sub-study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:437-446. [PMID: 34797439 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thermal perception, including thermal sensation (TS), influences exercise performance in the heat. TS is a widely used measure and we examined the impact of initial TS (iTS) on performance loss during exercise in simulated Tokyo environmental conditions among elite athletes. METHODS 105 Elite outdoor athletes (endurance, skill, power and mixed trained) participated in this crossover study. Participants performed a standardized exercise test in control (15.8 ± 1.2 °C, 55 ± 6% relative humidity (RH)) and simulated Tokyo (31.6 ± 1.0 °C, 74 ± 5% RH) conditions to determine performance loss. TS was assessed ± 5 min prior to exercise (iTS) and every 5 min during the incremental exercise test (TS). Based on iTS in the Tokyo condition, participants were allocated to a neutral (iTS = 0, n = 11), slightly warm (iTS = 1, n = 50), or warm-to-hot (iTS = 2/3, n = 44) subgroup. RESULTS For the whole cohort iTS was 1 [1-2] and TS increased to 3 [3-3] at the end of exercise in the Tokyo condition. Average performance loss was 26.0 ± 10.7% in the Tokyo versus control condition. The slightly warm subgroup had less performance loss (22.3 ± 11.3%) compared to the warm-to-hot subgroup (29.4 ± 8.5%, p = 0.003), whereas the neutral subgroup did not respond different (28.8 ± 11.0%, p = 0.18) from the slightly warm subgroup. CONCLUSION iTS impacted the magnitude of performance loss among elite athletes exercising in hot and humid conditions. Athletes with a warm-to-hot iTS had more performance loss compared to counterparts with a slightly warm iTS, indicating that pre-cooling strategies and/or heat acclimation may be of additional importance for athletes in the warm-to-hot iTS group to mitigate the impact of heat stress.
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Kirby NV, Lucas SJE, Cable TG, Armstrong OJ, Weaver SR, Lucas RAI. Sex differences in adaptation to intermittent post-exercise sauna bathing in trained middle-distance runners. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2021; 7:51. [PMID: 34297227 PMCID: PMC8302716 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sex on the efficacy of intermittent post-exercise sauna bathing to induce heat acclimation and improve markers of temperate exercise performance in trained athletes. Methods Twenty-six trained runners (16 female; mean ± SD, age 19 ± 1 years, V̇O2max F: 52.6 ± 6.9 mL⋅kg−1⋅min−1, M: 64.6 ± 2.4 mL⋅kg−1⋅min−1) performed a running heat tolerance test (30 min, 9 km⋅h−1/2% gradient, 40 °C/40%RH; HTT) and temperate (18 °C) exercise tests (maximal aerobic capacity [V̇O2max] and lactate profile) pre and post 3 weeks of normal exercise training plus 29 ± 1 min post-exercise sauna bathing (101–108 °C) 3 ± 1 times per week. Results Females and males exhibited similar reductions (interactions p > 0.05) in peak rectal temperature (− 0.3 °C; p < 0.001), skin temperature (− 0.9 °C; p < 0.001) and heart rate (− 9 beats·min−1; p = 0.001) during the HTT at post- vs pre-intervention. Only females exhibited an increase in active sweat glands on the forearm (measured via modified iodine technique; F: + 57%, p < 0.001; M: + 1%, p = 0.47). Conversely, only males increased forearm blood flow (measured via venous occlusion plethysmography; F: + 31%, p = 0.61; M: + 123%; p < 0.001). Females and males showed similar (interactions p > 0.05) improvements in V̇O2max (+ 5%; p = 0.02) and running speed at 4 mmol·L−1 blood lactate concentration (+ 0.4 km·h−1; p = 0.001). Conclusions Three weeks of post-exercise sauna bathing effectively induces heat acclimation in females and males, though possibly amid different thermoeffector adaptations. Post-exercise sauna bathing is also an effective ergogenic aid for both sexes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-021-00342-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie V Kirby
- School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Samuel J E Lucas
- School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas G Cable
- School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Samuel R Weaver
- School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebekah A I Lucas
- School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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A Pilot Study of 24-h Motor Activity Patterns in Multiple Sclerosis: Pre-Planned Follow-Up at 2 Years. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:366-376. [PMID: 34203507 PMCID: PMC8293228 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early multiple sclerosis (MS) predictive markers of disease activity/prognosis have been proposed but are not universally accepted. Aim of this pilot prospective study is to verify whether a peculiar hyperactivity, observed at baseline (T0) in early relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients, could represent a further prognostic marker. Here we report results collected at T0 and at a 24-month follow-up (T1). Eighteen RRMS patients (11 females, median Expanded Disability Status Scale-EDSS score 1.25, range EDSS score 0–2) were monitored at T0 (mean age 32.33 ± 7.51) and T1 (median EDSS score 1.5, range EDSS score 0–2.5). Patients were grouped into two groups: responders (R, 14 patients) and non-responders (NR, 4 patients) to treatment at T1. Each patient wore an actigraph for one week to record the 24-h motor activity pattern. At T0, NR presented significantly lower motor activity than R between around 9:00 and 13:00. At T1, NR were characterized by significantly lower motor activity than R between around 12:00 and 17:00. Overall, these data suggest that through the 24-h motor activity pattern, we can fairly segregate at T0 patients who will show a therapeutic failure, possibly related to a more active disease, at T1. These patients are characterized by a reduced morning level of motor activation. Further studies on larger populations are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of different times of day on static and dynamic balance performance.
Material and methods: Thirty male individuals (age 22 ± 1.2 years, BMI 23.4 ± 1.3 kg/m2, height 178.5 ± 6.52 cm) volunteered for the study. The participants performed static and dynamic balance tests at 10:00, 15:00, and 20:00. Static and dynamic balance were measured using Y Balance Test (YBT) and the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). One-factor repeated measures ANOVA with the LSD post-hoc procedure was performed to examine balance changes in the morning, afternoon, and evening.
Results: Results indicated a significant difference in static balance scores at different times of day (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analysis indicates that mean of errors in afternoon exhibits significantly smaller than those of morning (p = 0.024), and evening (p = 0.029). Other results showed significant differences in dynamic balance at different times of day (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analysis indicates that means of reaching distance in afternoon exhibits significantly larger than those of morning (p = 0.032), and evening (p = 0.026).
Conclusions: The results provide strong evidence about the effect of different times of day on performance.
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Zhu TY, Rothenbühler M, Hamvas G, Hofmann A, Welter J, Kahr M, Kimmich N, Shilaih M, Leeners B. The Accuracy of Wrist Skin Temperature in Detecting Ovulation Compared to Basal Body Temperature: Prospective Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e20710. [PMID: 34100763 PMCID: PMC8238491 DOI: 10.2196/20710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a daily point measurement, basal body temperature (BBT) might not be able to capture the temperature shift in the menstrual cycle because a single temperature measurement is present on the sliding scale of the circadian rhythm. Wrist skin temperature measured continuously during sleep has the potential to overcome this limitation. Objective This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of these two temperatures for detecting ovulation and to investigate the correlation and agreement between these two temperatures in describing thermal changes in menstrual cycles. Methods This prospective study included 193 cycles (170 ovulatory and 23 anovulatory) collected from 57 healthy women. Participants wore a wearable device (Ava Fertility Tracker bracelet 2.0) that continuously measured the wrist skin temperature during sleep. Daily BBT was measured orally and immediately upon waking up using a computerized fertility tracker with a digital thermometer (Lady-Comp). An at-home luteinizing hormone test was used as the reference standard for ovulation. The diagnostic accuracy of using at least one temperature shift detected by the two temperatures in detecting ovulation was evaluated. For ovulatory cycles, repeated measures correlation was used to examine the correlation between the two temperatures, and mixed effect models were used to determine the agreement between the two temperature curves at different menstrual phases. Results Wrist skin temperature was more sensitive than BBT (sensitivity 0.62 vs 0.23; P<.001) and had a higher true-positive rate (54.9% vs 20.2%) for detecting ovulation; however, it also had a higher false-positive rate (8.8% vs 3.6%), resulting in lower specificity (0.26 vs 0.70; P=.002). The probability that ovulation occurred when at least one temperature shift was detected was 86.2% for wrist skin temperature and 84.8% for BBT. Both temperatures had low negative predictive values (8.8% for wrist skin temperature and 10.9% for BBT). Significant positive correlation between the two temperatures was only found in the follicular phase (rmcorr correlation coefficient=0.294; P=.001). Both temperatures increased during the postovulatory phase with a greater increase in the wrist skin temperature (range of increase: 0.50 °C vs 0.20 °C). During the menstrual phase, the wrist skin temperature exhibited a greater and more rapid decrease (from 36.13 °C to 35.80 °C) than BBT (from 36.31 °C to 36.27 °C). During the preovulatory phase, there were minimal changes in both temperatures and small variations in the estimated daily difference between the two temperatures, indicating an agreement between the two curves. Conclusions For women interested in maximizing the chances of pregnancy, wrist skin temperature continuously measured during sleep is more sensitive than BBT for detecting ovulation. The difference in the diagnostic accuracy of these methods was likely attributed to the greater temperature increase in the postovulatory phase and greater temperature decrease during the menstrual phase for the wrist skin temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Y Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Györgyi Hamvas
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - JoEllen Welter
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maike Kahr
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Kimmich
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Brigitte Leeners
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Huang Q, Komarzynski S, Bolborea M, Finkenstädt B, Lévi FA. Telemonitored Human Circadian Temperature Dynamics During Daily Routine. Front Physiol 2021; 12:659973. [PMID: 34040543 PMCID: PMC8141869 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.659973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms in body temperature coordinate peripheral molecular clocks, hence they could potentially predict optimal treatment timing (chronotherapy) in individual patients. Circadian parameters in chest surface body temperature (Chesttemp) were recorded remotely and in real time through the use of wearable sensors. METHODS The dynamics of circadian oscillations in Chesttemp and core body temperature (Coretemp) and their moderation by sex and age were analysed in 38 men and 50 women, aged 21-78 years. In two studies (ST1 and ST2), Chesttemp was measured every minute and teletransmitted using a BLE-connected sensor for 3.6-28.3 days. Additionally, in ST2, Coretemp was recorded per minute in 33 age- and sex-stratified subjects using electronic ingestible pills with radio-frequency transmissions. Circadian parameters were computed using spectral analysis and cosinor modelling. The temporal relations between Chesttemp and Coretemp cosinor parameters were summarised with principal component (PC) analysis. The effect of sex and age was analysed through multivariate regression. RESULTS Using spectral analysis, a dominant period of 24- or 12-h was identified in 93.2% of the Chesttemp and in 100% of the Coretemp time series. The circadian parameters varied largely between-subjects both for Chesttemp (ranges: mesors, 33.2-36.6°C; amplitudes, 0.2-2.5°C; acrophases, 14:05-7:40), and Coretemp (mesors, 36.6-37.5°C; amplitudes, 0.2-0.7°C; bathyphases, 23:50-6:50). Higher PC loadings mainly corresponded to (i) large Chesttemp amplitudes, and phase advance of both temperature rhythms for the first PC (PC1, 27.2% of variance var.), (ii) high mesors in both temperature rhythms for PC2 (22.4% var.), and (iii) large Coretemp amplitudes for PC3 (12.9% var.). Chesttemp and Coretemp mesors and PC2 loadings decreased in females, while remaining quite stable in males as a function of age. In contrast, Coretemp amplitude and PC3 loadings increased with age in females, but decreased in males. Finally, older subjects, both female and male, displayed a reduction in ultradian variabilities, and an increase in both Chesttemp circadian amplitude and PC1 loadings. INTERPRETATION The dynamics relations between Chesttemp and Coretemp rhythms were largely moderated by age and sex, with results suggesting that treatment timing could be most critical for therapeutic index in women and in order people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Cancer Chronotherapy Team, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Komarzynski
- Cancer Chronotherapy Team, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Matei Bolborea
- Cancer Chronotherapy Team, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Barbel Finkenstädt
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Albert Lévi
- Cancer Chronotherapy Team, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
- UPR “Chronotherapy, Cancers and Transplantation”, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Hepato-Biliary Center, Paul-Brousse Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Villejuif, France
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43
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Mendt S, Brauns K, Friedl-Werner A, Belavy DL, Steinach M, Schlabs T, Werner A, Gunga HC, Stahn AC. Long-Term Bed Rest Delays the Circadian Phase of Core Body Temperature. Front Physiol 2021; 12:658707. [PMID: 34040542 PMCID: PMC8141791 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.658707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight can be associated with sleep loss and circadian misalignment as a result of non-24 h light-dark cycles, operational shifts in work/rest cycles, high workload under pressure, and psychological factors. Head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) is an established model to mimic some of the physiological and psychological adaptions observed in spaceflight. Data on the effects of HDBR on circadian rhythms are scarce. To address this gap, we analyzed the change in the circadian rhythm of core body temperature (CBT) in two 60-day HDBR studies sponsored by the European Space Agency [n = 13 men, age: 31.1 ± 8.2 years (M ± SD)]. CBT was recorded for 36 h using a non-invasive and validated dual-sensor heatflux technology during the 3rd and the 8th week of HDBR. Bed rest induced a significant phase delay from the 3rd to the 8th week of HDBR (16.23 vs. 16.68 h, p = 0.005, g = 0.85) irrespective of the study site (p = 0.416, g = −0.46), corresponding to an average phase delay of about 0.9 min per day of HDBR. In conclusion, long-term bed rest weakens the entrainment of the circadian system to the 24-h day. We attribute this effect to the immobilization and reduced physical activity levels associated with HDBR. Given the critical role of diurnal rhythms for various physiological functions and behavior, our findings highlight the importance of monitoring circadian rhythms in circumstances in which gravity or physical activity levels are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mendt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Brauns
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friedl-Werner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,INSERM U 1075 COMETE, Université de Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Daniel L Belavy
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Steinach
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schlabs
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Werner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Air Force - Centre of Aerospace Medicine, Aviation Physiology Training Centre, Aviation Physiology Diagnostic and Research, Königsbrück, Germany
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander C Stahn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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44
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Monteiro F, Rodrigues P, Nascimento CS, Simões F, Miguel M. The daily rhythms of working memory and their methodological constraints: a critical overview. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1907511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Monteiro
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Fátima Simões
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Education and Psychology of the University of Évora, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Mário Miguel
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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45
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Périard JD, Eijsvogels TMH, Daanen HAM. Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1873-1979. [PMID: 33829868 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A rise in body core temperature and loss of body water via sweating are natural consequences of prolonged exercise in the heat. This review provides a comprehensive and integrative overview of how the human body responds to exercise under heat stress and the countermeasures that can be adopted to enhance aerobic performance under such environmental conditions. The fundamental concepts and physiological processes associated with thermoregulation and fluid balance are initially described, followed by a summary of methods to determine thermal strain and hydration status. An outline is provided on how exercise-heat stress disrupts these homeostatic processes, leading to hyperthermia, hypohydration, sodium disturbances, and in some cases exertional heat illness. The impact of heat stress on human performance is also examined, including the underlying physiological mechanisms that mediate the impairment of exercise performance. Similarly, the influence of hydration status on performance in the heat and how systemic and peripheral hemodynamic adjustments contribute to fatigue development is elucidated. This review also discusses strategies to mitigate the effects of hyperthermia and hypohydration on exercise performance in the heat by examining the benefits of heat acclimation, cooling strategies, and hyperhydration. Finally, contemporary controversies are summarized and future research directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien D Périard
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Bruce, Australia
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hein A M Daanen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Eat, Train, Sleep-Retreat? Hormonal Interactions of Intermittent Fasting, Exercise and Circadian Rhythm. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040516. [PMID: 33808424 PMCID: PMC8065500 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythmicity of endogenous metabolic and hormonal processes is controlled by a complex system of central and peripheral pacemakers, influenced by exogenous factors like light/dark-cycles, nutrition and exercise timing. There is evidence that alterations in this system may be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. It has been shown that disruptions to normal diurnal rhythms lead to drastic changes in circadian processes, as often seen in modern society due to excessive exposure to unnatural light sources. Out of that, research has focused on time-restricted feeding and exercise, as both seem to be able to reset disruptions in circadian pacemakers. Based on these results and personal physical goals, optimal time periods for food intake and exercise have been identified. This review shows that appropriate nutrition and exercise timing are powerful tools to support, rather than not disturb, the circadian rhythm and potentially contribute to the prevention of metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, both lifestyle interventions are unable to address the real issue: the misalignment of our biological with our social time.
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47
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The influence of environmental and core temperature on cyclooxygenase and PGE2 in healthy humans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6531. [PMID: 33753764 PMCID: PMC7985197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether cyclooxygenase (COX)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) thermoregulatory pathways, observed in rodents, present in humans? Participants (n = 9) were exposed to three environments; cold (20 °C), thermoneutral (30 °C) and hot (40 °C) for 120 min. Core (Tc)/skin temperature and thermal perception were recorded every 15 min, with COX/PGE2 concentrations determined at baseline, 60 and 120 min. Linear mixed models identified differences between and within subjects/conditions. Random coefficient models determined relationships between Tc and COX/PGE2. Tc [mean (range)] increased in hot [+ 0.8 (0.4-1.2) °C; p < 0.0001; effect size (ES): 2.9], decreased in cold [- 0.5 (- 0.8 to - 0.2) °C; p < 0.0001; ES 2.6] and was unchanged in thermoneutral [+ 0.1 (- 0.2 to 0.4) °C; p = 0.3502]. A relationship between COX2/PGE2 in cold (p = 0.0012) and cold/thermoneutral [collapsed, condition and time (p = 0.0243)] was seen, with higher PGE2 associated with higher Tc. A within condition relationship between Tc/PGE2 was observed in thermoneutral (p = 0.0202) and cold/thermoneutral [collapsed, condition and time (p = 0.0079)] but not cold (p = 0.0631). The data suggests a thermogenic response of the COX/PGE2 pathway insufficient to defend Tc in cold. Further human in vivo research which manipulates COX/PGE2 bioavailability and participant acclimation/acclimatization are warranted to elucidate the influence of COX/PGE2 on Tc.
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48
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Belkhir Y, Rekik G, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Does warming up with different music tempos affect physical and psychological responses? The evidence from a chronobiological study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:149-156. [PMID: 33555672 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of listening to different music tempos during warm-up on short-term maximal performance and psychological responses, as a function of Times of Day (TOD). METHODS Fifteen well trained subjects (93.75% were semi-professional soccer players) randomly performed the 30-s Continuous Jump test (CJ30) during three morning sessions (07h00) and three evening sessions (17h00), separated by 48h of recovery, each after a warmup under three different conditions: without music (NO-M), with music at 60 bpm (LOW-M), and with music at 120-140 bpm (HIGH-M). The maximal jump height (Hmax), mean jump height of all jumps (Hmean), and fatigue index (FI %) were measured during CJ30. Feeling states (FS) were determined after warm-up, and body temperature was controlled before/after warm-up, as well as after CJ30. RESULTS Data analysis showed that Hmax, Hmean, and body temperature were higher at 17h00 than 07h00 in all experimental conditions. Moreover, Hmax, Hmean and FS were better after warm-ups with LOW-M and HIGH-M compared to NO-M condition at both TOD, with a higher gain at 07h00. More importantly, Hmax, Hmean and FS were better after warm-up with HIGH-M than with LOW-M at both TOD, with a higher gain at 07h00. CONCLUSIONS Although both music tempos were beneficial, warming-up with high music tempo (120-140 bpm) is better than warming-up with low music tempo (60 bpm) for improving short-term maximal performance and psychological responses whatever the TOD, especially in the morning hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Belkhir
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.,Al-Udhailiyah Primary School for Girls, Department of Physical Education, Al-Farwaniyah, Kuwait
| | - Ghazi Rekik
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia - .,Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
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49
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Ogden HB, Fallowfield JL, Child RB, Davison G, Fleming SC, Edinburgh RM, Delves SK, Millyard A, Westwood CS, Layden JD. Reliability of gastrointestinal barrier integrity and microbial translocation biomarkers at rest and following exertional heat stress. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14374. [PMID: 32170836 PMCID: PMC7070100 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Exertional heat stress adversely distrupts (GI) barrier integrity and, through subsequent microbial translocation (MT), negativly impacts health. Despite widespread application, the temporal reliability of popular GI barrier integity and MT biomarkers is poorly characterised. METHOD Fourteen males completed two 80-min exertional heat stress tests (EHST) separated by 7-14 days. Venous blood was drawn pre, immediately- and 1-hr post both EHSTs. GI barrier integrity was assessed using the serum Dual-Sugar Absorption Test (DSAT), Intestinal Fatty-Acid-Binding Protein (I-FABP) and Claudin-3 (CLDN-3). MT was assessed using plasma Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP), total 16S bacterial DNA and Bacteroides DNA. RESULTS No GI barrier integrity or MT biomarker, except absolute Bacteroides DNA, displayed systematic trial order bias (p ≥ .05). I-FABP (trial 1 = Δ 0.834 ± 0.445 ng ml-1 ; trial 2 = Δ 0.776 ± 0.489 ng ml-1 ) and CLDN-3 (trial 1 = Δ 0.317 ± 0.586 ng ml-1 ; trial 2 = Δ 0.371 ± 0.508 ng ml-1 ) were increased post-EHST (p ≤ .01). All MT biomarkers were unchanged post-EHST. Coefficient of variation and typical error of measurement post-EHST were: 11.5% and 0.004 (ratio) for the DSAT 90-min postprobe ingestion; 12.2% and 0.004 (ratio) at 150-min postprobe ingestion; 12.1% and 0.376 ng ml-1 for I-FABP; 4.9% and 0.342 ng ml-1 for CLDN-3; 9.2% and 0.420 µg ml-1 for LBP; 9.5% and 0.15 pg µl-1 for total 16S DNA; and 54.7% and 0.032 for Bacteroides/total 16S DNA ratio. CONCLUSION Each GI barrier integrity and MT translocation biomarker, except Bacteroides/total 16S ratio, had acceptable reliability at rest and postexertional heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry B Ogden
- School of Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Plymouth MARJON University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert B Child
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Glen Davison
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Alison Millyard
- School of Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Plymouth MARJON University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline S Westwood
- School of Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Plymouth MARJON University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph D Layden
- School of Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Plymouth MARJON University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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50
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Pivovarniček P, Kondrátová D, Jančoková Ľ, Malý T, Hank M, Hrásky P, Malá L, Zahálka F. Effect of diurnal aerobic intervention on indicators of body composition of young women. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1586101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Pivovarniček
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Arts, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Dominika Kondrátová
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Arts, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľudmila Jančoková
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Arts, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Malý
- Human Movement Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mikuláš Hank
- Human Movement Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrásky
- Human Movement Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Malá
- Human Movement Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Zahálka
- Human Movement Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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