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Zou H, Cao Y, Hao P, Jin Z, Ding R, Bai X, Zhang K, Xue Y. New insights into the downregulation of cytochrome P450 2E1 via nuclear factor κB-dependent pathways in immune-mediated liver injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22641. [PMID: 38046176 PMCID: PMC10687058 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent of immune-mediated hepatic damage (such as in viral hepatitis) is characterised by the downregulation of cytochrome P450s (CYPs), a class of drug-metabolising enzymes. However, whether this downregulation aids liver cells in maintaining their homeostasis or whether the damage is aggravated remains largely unexplored. Herein, we evaluated the effects of phosphorylation mediated by the protein kinase C (PKC)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and nitration mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on the downregulation of CYP2E1 during immune-mediated liver injury. Additionally, we investigated the regulatory mechanism mediated by the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). The rat model of immune-mediated liver injury was replicated by administering a single i.v. injection of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG, 125 mg/kg) vaccine and three i.p. injections of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (25, 50, 100 mg/kg/d, days 11, 12, and 13); blood was then collected on day 14. Subsequently, the livers were extracted to identify the different pharmacokinetic and biochemical indicators involved in the process. Our study reports new findings on the dependence between PKC-mediated CREB phosphorylation in the anti-inflammatory pathway and nitration emergency induced by iNOS in pro-inflammatory pathways in the NF-κB pathway. The interaction of these two pathways leads to the downregulation and recovery of CYP2E1, thus alleviating inflammation and nitration stress. Our results confirm that BCG-mediated downregulation of CYP2E1 is linked to iNOS-induced nitration and PKC/NF-κB-mediated CREB phosphorylation, and that NF-κB is an important molecular target in this process. These findings suggest that the downregulation of CYP2E1 may be an autonomous process characteristic of liver cells, helping them adapt to environmental changes, alleviate further hypoxia in inflamed tissues, and minimise exposure to toxic and harmful metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Zou
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Jianshe Road, Donghe District, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Jianshe Road, Donghe District, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Peipei Hao
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Jianshe Road, Donghe District, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Ziqi Jin
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Jianshe Road, Donghe District, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Ruifeng Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Baotou Medical College, No. 41 linyin Road, Kundurun District, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Department of Pathology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, No. 18 Tuanjie Street, Qingshan District, Baotou 014000, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Jianshe Road, Donghe District, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Yongzhi Xue
- Institute of Pharmacokinetics and Liver Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Baotou Medical College, No. 31 Jianshe Road, Donghe District, Baotou 014060, China
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Haduch A, Bromek E, Kuban W, Basińska-Ziobroń A, Danek PJ, Alenina N, Bader M, Daniel WA. The effect of brain serotonin deficit (TPH2-KO) on the expression and activity of liver cytochrome P450 enzymes in aging male Dark Agouti rats. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1522-1532. [PMID: 37848703 PMCID: PMC10661807 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) greatly contributes to the metabolism of endogenous substances and drugs. Recent studies have demonstrated that CYP expression in the liver is controlled by the central nervous system via hormonal pathways. In particular, the expression of hepatic CYPs is negatively regulated by the brain serotoninergic system. The present study aimed to investigate changes in the function of the main liver drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes as a result of serotonin depletion in the brain of aging rats, caused by knockout of brain tryptophan hydroxylase gene (TPH2-KO). METHODS The hepatic CYP mRNA (qRT-PCR), protein level (Western blotting) and activity (HPLC), and serum hormone levels (ELISA) were measured in Dark Agouti wild-type (WT) male rats (mature 3.5-month-old and senescent 21-month-old) and in TPH2-KO senescent animals. RESULTS The expression/activity of the studied CYPs decreased with age in the liver of wild-type rats. The deprivation of serotonin in the brain of aging males decreased the mRNA level of most of the studied CYPs (CYP1A/2A/2B/3A), and lowered the protein level of CYP2C11 and CYP3A. In contrast, the activities of CYP2C11, CYP3A and CYP2C6 were increased. The expression of cytochrome b5 decreased in aging rats, but increased in TPH2-deficient senescent animals. The serum concentration of growth hormone declined in the aged and further dropped down in TPH2-deficient senescent rats. CONCLUSIONS Rat liver cytochrome P450 functions deteriorate with age, which may impair drug metabolism. The TPH2 knockout, which deprives brain serotonin, affects cytochrome P450 expression and activity differently in mature and senescent male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haduch
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Bromek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kuban
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basińska-Ziobroń
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław J Danek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Władysława A Daniel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Hegde P, Shetty SS, Shetty PK, Manjeera L, Shetty DP, Kumari S. Delineating the role of single-nucleotide polymorphism of CYP19 gene on aromatase activity in South Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:87. [PMID: 37603197 PMCID: PMC10441965 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common multifactorial endocrinopathy disorder affecting 5-15% of reproductive women worldwide. The CYP19 gene encodes key enzyme aromatase involved in androgen-to-estrogen conversion which plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Very few studies have been done in the Indian population; hence, we investigated whether CYP19 gene rs2414096 SNP is associated with PCOS and hyperandrogenism susceptibility in Karnataka women. METHODS Three-hundred subjects including 150 PCOS and 150 age-matched controls were involved in the current case-control study. Sex hormones and biochemical estimation were performed by ELISA. Sanger sequencing and PCR-RFLP were used to genotype the SNP rs2414096. Genotypic-phenotypic association was studied. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS The GG genotype was more common in patients, while the GA genotype was more common in control women. LH/FSH was significantly increased in GG genotype in PCOS when compared with AA and GA genotypes. Variations of CYP19 rs2414096 were not statistically significant with PCOS. CONCLUSION CYP19 rs2414096 polymorphism was not associated with PCOS; however, the homozygous wild GG genotype may exhibit reduced aromatase activity with subsequent hyperandrogenism implicating endocrine abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilpa S Shetty
- KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, 575018, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Shetty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi Manjeera
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - D Prashanth Shetty
- KSHEMA Centre for Genetic Services, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchetha Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
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Li X, Lin L, Li Z, Hadiatullah H, Sharma S, Du H, Yang X, Chen W, You S, Bureik M, Yuchi Z. Development of an efficient insecticide substrate and inhibitor screening system of insect P450s using fission yeast. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 157:103958. [PMID: 37182814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic resistance is one of the most frequent mechanisms of insecticide resistance, characterized by an increased expression of several important enzymes and transporters, especially cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Due to the large number of P450s in pests, determining the precise relationship between these enzymes and the insecticide substrates is a challenge. Herein, we developed a luminescence-based screening system for efficient identification of insecticide substrates and insect P450 inhibitors. We recombinantly expressed Bemisia tabaci CYP6CM1vQ (Bt CYP6CM1vQ) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and subsequently permeabilized the yeast cells to convert them into "enzyme bags". We exploited these enzyme bags to screen the activity of twelve luciferin substrates and identified Luciferin-FEE as the optimal competing probe that was further used to characterize the metabolism of eight candidate commercial insecticides. Among them, Bt CYP6CM1vQ exhibited notable activity against pymetrozine and imidacloprid. Their binding modes were predicted by homology modeling and molecular docking, revealing the mechanisms of the metabolism. We also tested the inhibitory effect of eight known P450 inhibitors using our system and identified letrozole and 1-benzylimidazole as showing significant activity against Bt CYP6CM1vQ, with IC50 values of 23.74 μM and 1.30 μM, respectively. Their potential to be developed as an insecticide synergist was further proven by an in vitro toxicity assay using imidacloprid-resistant Bemisia tabaci. Overall, our luciferin-based enzyme bag method is capable of providing a robust and efficient screening of insect P450 substrates and, more importantly, inhibitors to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianyun Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hadiatullah Hadiatullah
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shishir Sharma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - He Du
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shijun You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Matthias Bureik
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
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Kelty J, Kovalchuk N, Uwimana E, Yin L, Ding X, Van Winkle L. In vitro airway models from mice, rhesus macaques, and humans maintain species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and cellular responses to naphthalene. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L308-L328. [PMID: 35853015 PMCID: PMC9423729 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00349.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The translational value of high-throughput toxicity testing will depend on pharmacokinetic validation. Yet, popular in vitro airway epithelia models were optimized for structure and mucociliary function without considering the bioactivation or detoxification capabilities of lung-specific enzymes. This study evaluated xenobiotic metabolism maintenance within differentiated air-liquid interface (ALI) airway epithelial cell cultures (human bronchial; human, rhesus, and mouse tracheal), isolated airway epithelial cells (human, rhesus, and mouse tracheal; rhesus bronchial), and ex vivo microdissected airways (rhesus and mouse) by measuring gene expression, glutathione content, and naphthalene metabolism. Glutathione levels and detoxification gene transcripts were measured after 1-h exposure to 80 µM naphthalene (a bioactivated toxicant) or reactive naphthoquinone metabolites. Glutathione and glutathione-related enzyme transcript levels were maintained in ALI cultures from all species relative to source tissues, while cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene expression declined. Notable species differences among the models included a 40-fold lower total glutathione content for mouse ALI trachea cells relative to human and rhesus; a higher rate of naphthalene metabolism in mouse ALI cultures for naphthalene-glutathione formation (100-fold over rhesus) and naphthalene-dihydrodiol production (10-fold over human); and opposite effects of 1,2-naphthoquinone exposure in some models-glutathione was depleted in rhesus tissue but rose in mouse ALI samples. The responses of an immortalized bronchial cell line to naphthalene and naphthoquinones were inconsistent with those of human ALI cultures. These findings of preserved species differences and the altered balance of phase I and phase II xenobiotic metabolism among the characterized in vitro models should be considered for future pulmonary toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn Kelty
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Nataliia Kovalchuk
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Eric Uwimana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Lei Yin
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Laura Van Winkle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
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Koppe L, Soulage CO. Protein-bound uremic toxins: putative modulators of calcineurin inhibitors exposure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:2044-2047. [PMID: 35916444 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Koppe
- Department of Nephrology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Univ. Lyon, CarMeN lab, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe O Soulage
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN lab, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Lu H, Jiang H, Yang S, Li C, Li C, Shao R, Zhang P, Wang D, Liu Z, Qi H, Cai Y, Xu W, Bao X, Wang H, Li L. Trans-eQTLs of the CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 associated with tacrolimus trough blood concentration in Chinese renal transplant patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112407. [PMID: 34781138 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically investigate trans-eQTLs of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 affecting tacrolimus trough blood concentrations in Chinese renal transplant patients. We used Plink v1.90 to perform data quality control and linear regression analysis on GTEx v8 data. SNPs with p-value < 0.05 were selected and the GTEx eQTL Calculator was used to further prioritize the eQTLs of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in the liver and small intestine. The eQTLs with a p-value < 5 × 10-5 and MAF≥ 0.05 in the CHB population were selected as candidate eQTLs. The genotyping of candidate eQTLs was performed using high-resolution melting (HRM) assays and Sanger DNA sequencing. This study included 845 Chinese renal transplant patients who received tacrolimus as an immunosuppressive agent. Association between 103 candidate eQTLs and log-transformed tacrolimus concentration/dose ratio (log (C0/D)) in this cohort was conducted using the SNPassoc package of R software. In the end, a total of 75,632 liver eQTLs of CYP3A4, 69,558 liver eQTLs of CYP3A5, 48,596 small intestine eQTLs of CYP3A4 and 28,616 small intestine eQTLs of CYP3A5 were obtained using the GTEx v8 eQTL Calculator. Of the 103 candidate eQTLs, rs75727207, rs181294422 and rs28522676 were significantly associated with tacrolimus log(C0/D) in different genetic models. We discovered a substantial number of novel eQTLs of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in liver and small intestine, also found that rs75727207, rs181294422 and rs28522676 may affect tacrolimus trough blood concentrations in Chinese renal transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Haixia Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyao Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanjiang Li
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery,Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruifan Shao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Pai Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Daoyi Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Huana Qi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinuan Cai
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojie Bao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; Experimental Education and Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Systems Biology Approaches to Enzyme Kinetics. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34272703 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1554-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Intracellular drug metabolism involves transport, bioactivation, conjugation, and other biochemical steps. The dynamics of these steps are each dependent on a number of other cellular factors that can ultimately lead to unexpected behavior. In this review, we discuss the confounding processes and coupled reactions within bioactivation networks that require a systems-level perspective in order to fully understand the time-varying behavior. When converting known in vitro characteristics of drug-enzyme interactions into descriptions of cellular systems, features such as substrate availability, cell-to-cell variability, and intracellular redox state, deserve special focus. Two examples are provided. First, a model of hydrogen peroxide clearance during chemotherapy treatment serves as a basis to discuss an example of sensitivity analysis. Second, an example of doxorubicin bioactivation is used for discussing points of consideration when constructing and analyzing network models of drug metabolism.
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Lin YC, Papadopoulos V. Neurosteroidogenic enzymes: CYP11A1 in the central nervous system. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 62:100925. [PMID: 34015388 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurosteroids, steroid hormones synthesized locally in the nervous system, have important neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. Progress in neurosteroid research has led to the successful translation of allopregnanolone into an approved therapy for postpartum depression. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the assumption that steroidogenesis is exactly the same between the nervous system and the periphery. This review focuses on CYP11A1, the only enzyme currently known to catalyze the first reaction in steroidogenesis to produce pregnenolone, the precursor to all other steroids. Although CYP11A1 mRNA has been found in brain of many mammals, the presence of CYP11A1 protein has been difficult to detect, particularly in humans. Here, we highlight the discrepancies in the current evidence for CYP11A1 in the central nervous system and propose new directions for understanding neurosteroidogenesis, which will be crucial for developing neurosteroid-based therapies for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Christina Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Molehin D, Filleur S, Pruitt K. Regulation of aromatase expression: Potential therapeutic insight into breast cancer treatment. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111321. [PMID: 33992735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen signaling has been implicated in hormone-dependent breast cancer which constitutes >75% of breast cancer diagnosis and other malignancies. Aromatase, the key enzyme involved in the synthesis of estrogen, is often dysregulated in breast cancers. This has led to the administration of aromatase-inhibitors (AIs), commonly used for hormone-dependent breast cancers. Unfortunately, the increasing development of acquired resistance to the current AIs and modulators of estrogen receptors, following initial disease steadiness, has posed a serious clinical challenge in breast cancer treatment. In this review we highlight historical and recent advances on the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of aromatase in both physiological and pathological contexts. We also discuss the different drug combinations targeting various tumor promoting cell signaling pathways currently being developed and tested both in laboratory settings and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Molehin
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Filleur
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Driscoll RMH, Faber-Hammond JJ, O'Rourke CF, Hurd PL, Renn SCP. Epigenetic regulation of gonadal and brain aromatase expression in a cichlid fish with environmental sex determination. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 296:113538. [PMID: 32585214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A fit animal must develop testes or ovaries, with brain and physiology to match. In species with alternative male morphs this coordination of development across tissues operates within sexes as well as between. For Pelvicachromis pulcher, an African cichlid in which early pH exposure influences both sex and alternative male morph, we sequence both copies of aromatase (cyp19a1), a key gene for sex determination. We analyze gene expression and epigenetic state, comparing gonad and brain tissue from females, alternative male morphs, and fry. Relative to brain, we find elevated expression of the A-copy in the ovaries but not testes. Methylation analysis suggests strong epigenetic regulation, with one region specifying sex and another specifying tissue. We find elevated brain expression of the B-copy with no sex or male morph differences. B-copy methylation follows that of the A-copy rather than corresponding to B-copy expression. In 30-day old fry, we see elevated B-copy expression in the head, but we do not see the expected elevated A-copy expression in the trunk that would reflect ovarian development. Interestingly, the A-copy epialleles that distinguish ovaries from testes are among the most explanatory patterns for variation among fry, suggesting epigenetic marking of sex prior to differentiation and thus laying the groundwork for mechanistic studies of epigenetic regulation of sex and morph differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M H Driscoll
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Peter L Hurd
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Suzy C P Renn
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA.
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12
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Involvement of NF-κB in the reversal of CYP3A down-regulation induced by sea buckthorn in BCG-induced rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238810. [PMID: 32915856 PMCID: PMC7485842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported that sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., Elaeagnaceae, HRP) exhibits hepatoprotective effects via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as well as its inhibitory effects on collagen synthesis. However, it is unclear whether this hepatoprotective effect is also achieved by regulating liver drug metabolism enzyme pathways. Herein, we examined the regulatory effect of HRP on cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) in rats with immune liver injury, and explored the molecular mechanism of its hepatoprotective effect. Rat models of immunological liver injury were induced by intravenous injections of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG; 125 mg kg-1; 2 wks). Specific protein levels were detected by ELISA or western blot, and CYP3A mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detected relative changes in CYP3A metabolic activity based on the rates of 1-hydroxylation of the probe drug midazolam (MDZ). BCG pretreatment (125 mg kg-1) significantly down-regulated liver CYP3A protein expression compared with the control, metabolic activity, and transcription levels while up-regulating liver NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS. HRP intervention (ED50: 78 mg kg-1) moderately reversed NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines, and iNOS activation in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), and suppressed CYP3A down-regulation (P < 0.05); thereby partially alleviating liver injury. During immune liver injury, HRP may reverse CYP3A down-regulation by inhibiting NF-κB signal transduction, and protect liver function, which involves regulation of enzymes transcriptionally, translationally and post-translationally. The discovery that NF-κB is a molecular target of HRP may initiate the development and optimization of a clinical therapeutic approach to mitigate hepatitis B and other immunity-related liver diseases.
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Haduch A, Bromek E, Rysz M, Pukło R, Papp M, Gruca P, Łasoń M, Niemczyk M, Daniel WA. The effects of agomelatine and imipramine on liver cytochrome P450 during chronic mild stress (CMS) in the rat. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1271-1287. [PMID: 32748256 PMCID: PMC7550324 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our research was to determine the effects of chronic treatment with the atypical antidepressant agomelatine on the expression and activity of liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression, and to compare the results with those obtained for the first-generation antidepressant imipramine. METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to CMS for 7 weeks. Imipramine (10 mg/kg ip/day) or agomelatine (40 mg/kg ip/day) was administered to nonstressed or stressed animals for 5 weeks (weeks 3-7 of CMS). The levels of cytochrome P450 mRNA, protein and activity were measured in the liver. RESULTS Agomelatine and imipramine produced different broad-spectrum effects on cytochrome P450. Like imipramine, agomelatine increased the expression/activity of CYP2B and CYP2C6, and decreased the CYP2D activity. Unlike imipramine, agomelatine raised the expression/activity of CYP1A, CYP2A and reduced that of CYP2C11 and CYP3A. CMS modified the effects of antidepressants at transcriptional/posttranscriptional level; however, the enzyme activity in stressed rats remained similar to that in nonstressed animals. CMS alone decreased the CYP2B1 mRNA level and increased that of CYP2C11. CONCLUSION We conclude the following: (1) the effects of agomelatine and imipramine on cytochrome P450 are different and involve both central and peripheral regulatory mechanisms, which implicates the possibility of drug-drug interactions; (2) CMS influences the effects of antidepressants on cytochrome P450 expression, but does not change appreciably their effects on the enzyme activity. This suggests that the rate of antidepressant drug metabolism under CMS is similar to that under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haduch
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Bromek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Rysz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Pukło
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Papp
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łasoń
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Niemczyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysława A Daniel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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14
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Deng Y, He T, Fang R, Li S, Cao H, Cui Y. Genome-Wide Gene-Based Multi-Trait Analysis. Front Genet 2020; 11:437. [PMID: 32508874 PMCID: PMC7248273 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies focusing on a single phenotype have been broadly conducted to identify genetic variants associated with a complex disease. The commonly applied single variant analysis is limited by failing to consider the complex interactions between variants, which motivated the development of association analyses focusing on genes or gene sets. Moreover, when multiple correlated phenotypes are available, methods based on a multi-trait analysis can improve the association power. However, most currently available multi-trait analyses are single variant-based analyses; thus have limited power when disease variants function as a group in a gene or a gene set. In this work, we propose a genome-wide gene-based multi-trait analysis method by considering genes as testing units. For a given phenotype, we adopt a rapid and powerful kernel-based testing method which can evaluate the joint effect of multiple variants within a gene. The joint effect, either linear or nonlinear, is captured through kernel functions. Given a series of candidate kernel functions, we propose an omnibus test strategy to integrate the test results based on different candidate kernels. A p-value combination method is then applied to integrate dependent p-values to assess the association between a gene and multiple correlated phenotypes. Simulation studies show a reasonable type I error control and an excellent power of the proposed method compared to its counterparts. We further show the utility of the method by applying it to two data sets: the Human Liver Cohort and the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data set, and novel genes are identified. Our method has broad applications in other fields in which the interest is to evaluate the joint effect (linear or nonlinear) of a set of variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Deng
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Mathematics, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ruiling Fang
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Hongyan Cao
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuehua Cui
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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15
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Russell LE, Schwarz UI. Variant discovery using next-generation sequencing and its future role in pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:471-486. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled the discovery of a multitude of novel and mostly rare variants in pharmacogenes that may alter a patient’s therapeutic response to drugs. In addition to single nucleotide variants, structural variation affecting the number of copies of whole genes or parts of genes can be detected. While current guidelines concerning clinical implementation mostly act upon well-documented, common single nucleotide variants to guide dosing or drug selection, in silico and large-scale functional assessment of rare variant effects on protein function are at the forefront of pharmacogenetic research to facilitate their clinical integration. Here, we discuss the role of NGS in variant discovery, paving the way for more comprehensive genotype-guided pharmacotherapy that can translate to improved clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Russell
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ute I Schwarz
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre – University Hospital, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada
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16
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Kuhn MJ, Putman AK, Sordillo LM. Widespread basal cytochrome P450 expression in extrahepatic bovine tissues and isolated cells. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:625-637. [PMID: 31677841 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Periparturient cattle face increased risk of both metabolic and infectious diseases. Factors contributing to this predisposition include oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, also known as oxylipids, whose production is altered during the periparturient period and in diseased cattle. Alterations in the production of oxylipids derived from cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are over-represented during times of increased disease risk and clinical disease, such as mastitis. Many of these same CYP450 enzymes additionally regulate metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins, such as A, D, and E. These vitamins are essential to maintaining immune health, yet circulating concentrations are diminished near calving. Despite this, a relatively small amount of research has focused on the roles of CYP450 enzymes outside of the liver. The aim of this paper is to describe the relative gene expression of 11 CYP450 in bovine tissues and common in vitro bovine cell models. Eight tissue samples were collected from 3 healthy dairy cows after euthanasia. In vitro samples included primary bovine aortic and mammary endothelial cells and immortalized bovine kidney and mammary epithelial cells. Quantitative real-time-PCR was carried out to assess basal transcript expression of CYP450 enzymes. Surprisingly, CYP450 mRNA was widely expressed in all tissue samples, with predominance in the liver. In vitro CYP450 expression was less robust, with several cell types lacking expression of specific CYP450 enzymes altogether. Overall, cell culture models did not reflect expression of tissue CYP450. However, when CYP450 were organized by activity, certain cell types consistently expressed specific functional groups. These data reveal the widespread expression of CYP450 in individual organs of healthy dairy cows. Widespread expression helps to explain previous evidence of significant changes in CYP450-mediated oxylipid production and fat-soluble vitamin metabolism in organ microenvironments during periods of oxidative stress or disease. As such, these data provide a foundation for targeted functional experiments aimed at understanding the activities of specific CYP450 and associated therapeutic potential during times of increased disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kuhn
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - A K Putman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - L M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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17
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Protein kinase Cδ mediates methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice via activation of microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110761. [PMID: 31422080 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that activation of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is critical for methamphetamine (MA)-induced dopaminergic toxicity. It was recognized that microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) also induces dopaminergic neurotoxicity. It was demonstrated that inhibition of PKC modulates the expression of mEH. We investigated whether MA-induced PKCδ activation requires mEH induction in mice. MA treatment (8 mg/kg, i.p., × 4; 2 h interval) significantly enhanced the level of phosphorylated PKCδ in the striatum of wild type (WT) mice. Subsequently, treatment with MA resulted in significant increases in the expression of cleaved PKCδ and mEH. Treatment with MA resulted in enhanced interaction between PKCδ and mEH. PKCδ knockout mice exhibited significant attenuation of the enhanced mEH expression induced by MA. MA-induced hyperthermia, oxidative stress, proapoptotic potentials, and dopaminergic impairments were attenuated by PKCδ knockout or mEH knockout in mice. However, treating mEH knockout in mice with PKCδ inhibitor, rottlerin did not show any additive beneficial effects, indicating that mEH is a critical mediator of neurotoxic potential of PKCδ. Our results suggest that MA-induced PKCδ activation requires mEH induction as a downstream signaling pathway and that the modulation of the PKCδ and mEH interaction is important for the pharmacological intervention against MA-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity.
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18
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Ershov PV, Mezentsev YV, Kopylov AT, Yablokov EO, Svirid AV, Lushchyk AY, Kaluzhskiy LA, Gilep AA, Usanov SA, Medvedev AE, Ivanov AS. Affinity Isolation and Mass Spectrometry Identification of Prostacyclin Synthase (PTGIS) Subinteractome. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:E49. [PMID: 31226805 PMCID: PMC6628129 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS; EC 5.3.99.4) catalyzes isomerization of prostaglandin H2 to prostacyclin, a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. At present, limited data exist on functional coupling and possible ways of regulating PTGIS due to insufficient information about protein-protein interactions in which this crucial enzyme is involved. The aim of this study is to isolate protein partners for PTGIS from rat tissue lysates. Using CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B with covalently immobilized PTGIS as an affinity sorbent, we confidently identified 58 unique proteins by mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The participation of these proteins in lysate complex formation was characterized by SEC lysate profiling. Several potential members of the PTGIS subinteractome have been validated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. SPR revealed that PTGIS interacted with full-length cytochrome P450 2J2 and glutathione S-transferase (GST). In addition, PTGIS was shown to bind synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences of for GSTA1, GSTM1, aldo-keto reductase (AKR1A1), glutaredoxin 3 (GLRX3) and histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 2 (HINT2). Prostacyclin synthase could potentially be involved in functional interactions with identified novel protein partners participating in iron and heme metabolism, oxidative stress, xenobiotic and drugs metabolism, glutathione and prostaglandin metabolism. The possible biological role of the recognized interaction is discussed in the context of PTGIS functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Ershov
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yuri V Mezentsev
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Arthur T Kopylov
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy O Yablokov
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Svirid
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 5, bld. 2 V.F. Kuprevich str., 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Aliaksandr Ya Lushchyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 5, bld. 2 V.F. Kuprevich str., 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Leonid A Kaluzhskiy
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrei A Gilep
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 5, bld. 2 V.F. Kuprevich str., 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Sergey A Usanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 5, bld. 2 V.F. Kuprevich str., 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Alexey E Medvedev
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexis S Ivanov
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
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19
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Wang W, Yang J, Edin ML, Wang Y, Luo Y, Wan D, Yang H, Song CQ, Xue W, Sanidad KZ, Song M, Bisbee HA, Bradbury JA, Nan G, Zhang J, Shih PAB, Lee KSS, Minter LM, Kim D, Xiao H, Liu JY, Hammock BD, Zeldin DC, Zhang G. Targeted Metabolomics Identifies the Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Eicosanoid Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Target of Colon Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1822-1830. [PMID: 30803995 PMCID: PMC6467714 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, emphasizing the need for the discovery of new cellular targets. Using a metabolomics approach, we report here that epoxygenated fatty acids (EpFA), which are eicosanoid metabolites produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases, were increased in both the plasma and colon of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon cancer mice. CYP monooxygenases were overexpressed in colon tumor tissues and colon cancer cells. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic ablation of CYP monooxygenases suppressed AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, treatment with 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (EpOME), which is a metabolite of CYP monooxygenase produced from linoleic acid, increased cytokine production and JNK phosphorylation in vitro and exacerbated AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis in vivo. Together, these results demonstrate that the previously unappreciated CYP monooxygenase pathway is upregulated in colon cancer, contributes to its pathogenesis, and could be therapeutically explored for preventing or treating colon cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study finds that the previously unappreciated CYP monooxygenase eicosanoid pathway is deregulated in colon cancer and contributes to colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicang Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics and Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Haixia Yang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Chun-Qing Song
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, and Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Z Sanidad
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heather A Bisbee
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer A Bradbury
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Guanjun Nan
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Pei-An Betty Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics and Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California.
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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20
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Wang W, Sanidad KZ, Zhang G. Cytochrome P450 Eicosanoid Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Tumorigenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1161:115-123. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Meyer-Alert H, Ladermann K, Larsson M, Schiwy S, Hollert H, Keiter SH. A temporal high-resolution investigation of the Ah-receptor pathway during early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 204:117-129. [PMID: 30245344 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the regulating mechanisms of the aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor (AHR) in zebrafish embryos, we aimed to elucidate the interaction of proteins taking part in this signaling pathway during early development of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) after chemical exposure. We managed to illustrate initial transcription processes of the implemented proteins after exposure to two environmentally relevant chemicals: polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB126) and β-Naphthoflavone (BNF). Using qPCR, we quantified mRNA every 4 h until 118 h post fertilization and found the expression of biotransformation enzymes (cyp1 family) and the repressor of the AHR (ahr-r) to be dependent on the duration of chemical exposure and the biodegradability of the compounds. PCB126 induced persistently increased amounts of transcripts as it is not metabolized, whereas activation by BNF was limited to the initial period of exposure. We did not find a clear relation between the amount of transcripts and activity of the induced CYP-proteins, so posttranscriptional mechanisms are likely to regulate biotransformation of BNF. With regard to zebrafish embryos and their application in risk assessment of hazardous chemicals, our examination of the AHR pathway especially supports the relevance of the time point or period of exposure that is used for bioanalytical investigations and consideration of chemical properties determining biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Meyer-Alert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kim Ladermann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Schiwy
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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22
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Haduch A, Rysz M, Papp M, Daniel WA. The activity of brain and liver cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) is differently affected by antidepressants in the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression in the rat. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:398-405. [PMID: 30195732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of two second-generation antidepressants escitalopram and venlafaxine on the activity of brain and liver cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) involved in the metabolism of psychotropics and neurotransmitters was determined in the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression. Escitalopram or venlafaxine (10 mg/kg ip/day each) were administered to control and CMS rats for 5 weeks. The activity of CYP2D was studied by measurement of the rate of bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation in microsomes derived from the liver or different brain structures. The obtained results indicate that CMS and the studied antidepressants had different effects on the CYP2D activity depending on the location of the enzyme. In the brain, CMS produced an increase in the CYP2D activity in the hippocampus. Chronic escitalopram or venlafaxine had no effect on the CYP2D activity in the brain of nonstressed rats, however, the antidepressants increased the enzyme activity in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum of stressed animals. In the liver, CMS did not affect the CYP2D activity, while chronic escitalopram or venlafaxine significantly decreased the CYP2D activity and protein level in nonstressed and stressed rats. We conclude that: 1) CMS stimulates the CYP2D activity in the hippocampus and triggers the stimulatory effect of antidepressants on CYP2D in other brain structures; 2) the local brain metabolism of CYP2D substrates (neurosteroids, neurotransmitters, psychotropics) may be enhanced by CMS and/or antidepressants; 3) in contrast to the brain, the liver metabolism of CYP2D substrates may be slower during long-term treatment with escitalopram or venlafaxine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haduch
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Rysz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Papp
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysława A Daniel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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23
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Albertolle ME, Phan TTN, Pozzi A, Guengerich FP. Sulfenylation of Human Liver and Kidney Microsomal Cytochromes P450 and Other Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes as a Response to Redox Alteration. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:889-900. [PMID: 29374135 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provides an oxidizing environment to aid in the formation of disulfide bonds, which is tightly regulated by both antioxidant proteins and small molecules. On the cytoplasmic side of the ER, cytochrome P450 (P450) proteins have been identified as a superfamily of enzymes that are important in the formation of endogenous chemicals as well as in the detoxication of xenobiotics. Our previous report described oxidative inhibition of P450 Family 4 enzymes via oxidation of the heme-thiolate cysteine to a sulfenic acid (-SOH) (Albertolle, M. E. et al. (2017) J. Biol. Chem. 292, 11230-11242). Further proteomic analyses of murine kidney and liver microsomes led to the finding that a number of other drug-metabolizing enzymes located in the ER are also redox-regulated in this manner. We expanded our analysis of sulfenylated enzymes to human liver and kidney microsomes. Evaluation of the sulfenylation, catalytic activity, and spectral properties of P450s 1A2, 2C8, 2D6, and 3A4 led to the identification of two classes of redox sensitivity in P450 enzymes: heme-thiolate-sensitive and thiol-insensitive. These findings provide evidence for a mammalian P450 regulatory mechanism, which may also be relevant to other drug-metabolizing enzymes. (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD007913.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Albertolle
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | - Thanh T N Phan
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- §Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602.,¶Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146;
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24
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Scortegagna M, Berthon A, Settas N, Giannakou A, Garcia G, Li JL, James B, Liddington RC, Vilches-Moure JG, Stratakis CA, Ronai ZA. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1 regulates adrenal gland organization and aldosterone secretion. JCI Insight 2017; 2:97128. [PMID: 29212953 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary and secondary hypertension are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Elevated secretion of aldosterone resulting from primary aldosteronism (PA) is a key driver of secondary hypertension. Here, we report an unexpected role for the ubiquitin ligase Siah1 in adrenal gland development and PA. Siah1a-/- mice exhibit altered adrenal gland morphology, as reflected by a diminished X-zone, enlarged medulla, and dysregulated zonation of the glomerulosa as well as increased aldosterone levels and aldosterone target gene expression and reduced plasma potassium levels. Genes involved in catecholamine biosynthesis and cAMP signaling are upregulated in the adrenal glands of Siah1a-/- mice, while genes related to retinoic acid signaling and cholesterol biosynthesis are downregulated. Loss of Siah1 leads to increased expression of the Siah1 substrate PIAS1, an E3 SUMO protein ligase implicated in the suppression of LXR, a key regulator of cholesterol levels in the adrenal gland. In addition, SIAH1 sequence variants were identified in patients with PA; such variants impaired SIAH1 ubiquitin ligase activity, resulting in elevated PIAS1 expression. These data identify a role for the Siah1-PIAS1 axis in adrenal gland organization and function and point to possible therapeutic targets for hyperaldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Scortegagna
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Annabel Berthon
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nikolaos Settas
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andreas Giannakou
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guillermina Garcia
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian James
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert C Liddington
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - José G Vilches-Moure
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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25
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Jia B, Xu S, Xiao G, Lamba V, Liang F. Learning gene regulatory networks from next generation sequencing data. Biometrics 2017; 73:1221-1230. [PMID: 28294287 PMCID: PMC6258556 DOI: 10.1111/biom.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, next generation sequencing (NGS) has gradually replaced microarray as the major platform in measuring gene expressions. Compared to microarray, NGS has many advantages, such as less noise and higher throughput. However, the discreteness of NGS data also challenges the existing statistical methodology. In particular, there still lacks an appropriate statistical method for reconstructing gene regulatory networks using NGS data in the literature. The existing local Poisson graphical model method is not consistent and can only infer certain local structures of the network. In this article, we propose a random effect model-based transformation to continuize NGS data and then we transform the continuized data to Gaussian via a semiparametric transformation and apply an equivalent partial correlation selection method to reconstruct gene regulatory networks. The proposed method is consistent. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method can lead to much more accurate inference of gene regulatory networks than the local Poisson graphical model and other existing methods. The proposed data-continuized transformation fills the theoretical gap for how to transform discrete data to continuous data and facilitates NGS data analysis. The proposed data-continuized transformation also makes it feasible to integrate different types of data, such as microarray and RNA-seq data, in reconstruction of gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Suwa Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Taxes, U.S.A
| | - Vishal Lamba
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Faming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
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26
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Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Diabetes and Obesity Drugs: Implications for Conditional Approval and Early Phase Clinical Development. Pharmaceut Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40290-017-0209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Prediction of cytochrome P450-mediated drug clearance in humans based on the measured activities of selected CYPs. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171161. [PMID: 29054967 PMCID: PMC5696450 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining drug-metabolizing enzyme activities on an individual basis is an important component of personalized medicine, and cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play a principal role in hepatic drug metabolism. Herein, a simple method for predicting the major CYP-mediated drug clearance in vitro and in vivo is presented. Ten CYP-mediated drug metabolic activities in human liver microsomes (HLMs) from 105 normal liver samples were determined. The descriptive models for predicting the activities of these CYPs in HLMs were developed solely on the basis of the measured activities of a smaller number of more readily assayed CYPs. The descriptive models then were combined with the Conventional Bias Corrected in vitro–in vivo extrapolation method to extrapolate drug clearance in vivo. The Vmax, Km, and CLint of six CYPs (CYP2A6, 2C8, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4/5) could be predicted by measuring the activities of four CYPs (CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, and 2C19) in HLMs. Based on the predicted CLint, the values of CYP2A6-, 2C8-, 2D6-, 2E1-, and 3A4/5-mediated drug clearance in vivo were extrapolated and found that the values for all five drugs were close to the observed clearance in vivo. The percentage of extrapolated values of clearance in vivo which fell within 2-fold of the observed clearance ranged from 75.2% to 98.1%. These findings suggest that measuring the activity of CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, and 2C19 allowed us to accurately predict CYP2A6-, 2C8-, 2D6-, 2E1-, and 3A4/5-mediated activities in vitro and in vivo and may possibly be helpful for the assessment of an individual’s drug metabolic profile.
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28
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Bondarenko LB, Shayakhmetova GM, Voronina AK, Kovalenko VM. Age-dependent features of CYP3A, CYP2C, and CYP2E1 functioning at metabolic syndrome. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 27:603-610. [PMID: 27371822 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex investigations of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms with metabolic syndrome (MS) development are limited, and specific features of adolescent's metabolisms are generally disregarded. The aim of present study was a comparative estimation of MS-mediated changes in CYP3A, CYP2C, and CYP2E1 mRNA expression and enzymatic activities, as well as antioxidant system parameters of adult and pubertal rats. METHODS Wistar albino male rats of two age categories [young animals of 21 days age (50-70 g) and adults (160-180 g)] were divided into four groups (eight animals in each group): (1) control 1 (intact young rats), (2) control 2 (intact adult rats), (3) MS3 (young rats with MS), and (4) MS4 (adult rats with MS). The MS was induced by full replacement of drinking water by 20% fructose solution (200 g/L). After 60 days of MS modeling, the investigation of rat liver CYP3A, CYP2C, and CYP2E1 mRNA expressions, their enzyme-marker activities, as well as the antioxidant system parameters was conducted. RESULTS Levels of liver CYP2E1 mRNA expression increased with MS: 40% (adults) and 80% (pubertal rats). Pubertal rats had also increased CYP3A2 mRNA expression (30%) and decreased CYP2C mRNA expression (30%). Changes in CYP2E1 and CYP2C enzymatic activities were consistent with the changes of corresponding gene expressions at both age-groups with MS. Simultaneously, liver reduced glutathione contents, and glutathione transferase and reductase activities were decreased in pubertal animals. CONCLUSIONS CYP isoform expression rates and glutathione system were greatly violated with MS. The greater changes were observed in pubertal rats with MS.
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29
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Bernabò P, Gaglio M, Bellamoli F, Viero G, Lencioni V. DNA damage and translational response during detoxification from copper exposure in a wild population of Chironomus riparius. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:235-244. [PMID: 28110013 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper is one of the predominant components of pesticides employed in agriculture and known to be highly toxic once it reaches aquatic organisms. The impact of sublethal concentrations of this metal on wild insects is not yet completely understood. Studies addressing alterations in different levels of gene expression are still lacking. We previously demonstrated that in a wild population of Chironomus riparius, HSP and CYP families of genes were up-regulated at the transcriptional level after copper exposure. Here, we analyse the impact of copper at the genomic, translational and protein functional level, obtaining a comprehensive picture of the molecular reply to this metal. We studied genotoxicity in C. riparius larvae by Comet Assay, the translational response by polysomal profiling and the detoxification capacity by the CYP450 enzymes activity. Fourth-instar larvae from a mountain stream polluted by agricultural land run-off (NE-Italy) were exposed for 3 h copper concentrations ≤ LC50. We report DNA damage induced by copper, even at sublethal levels, as demonstrated by significant increases in all the comet parameters at concentrations ≥1 mg L-1. By estimating the transcript-specific translational efficiency, we observe a specific up-regulation of CYP4G. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of CYP450 enzymes is increased at all sublethal copper concentrations, confirming the role of this protein family in the detoxification processes. Surprisingly, the HSP transcripts are up-regulated at the transcriptional level, but these changes are buffered at the translational level suggesting the existence of still unknown post-transcriptional controls that may be connected to survival processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bernabò
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive n. 9, 38123, Povo (TN), Trento, Italy; Institute of Biophysics - CNR - Trento Unit, Via Sommarive 18, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy; Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Gaglio
- Institute of Biophysics - CNR - Trento Unit, Via Sommarive 18, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellamoli
- Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Gabriella Viero
- Institute of Biophysics - CNR - Trento Unit, Via Sommarive 18, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Valeria Lencioni
- Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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30
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Mateus A, Treyer A, Wegler C, Karlgren M, Matsson P, Artursson P. Intracellular drug bioavailability: a new predictor of system dependent drug disposition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43047. [PMID: 28225057 PMCID: PMC5320532 DOI: 10.1038/srep43047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular drug exposure is influenced by cell- and tissue-dependent expression of drug-transporting proteins and metabolizing enzymes. Here, we introduce the concept of intracellular bioavailability (Fic) as the fraction of extracellular drug available to bind intracellular targets, and we assess how Fic is affected by cellular drug disposition processes. We first investigated the impact of two essential drug transporters separately, one influx transporter (OATP1B1; SLCO1B1) and one efflux transporter (P-gp; ABCB1), in cells overexpressing these proteins. We showed that OATP1B1 increased Fic of its substrates, while P-gp decreased Fic. We then investigated the impact of the concerted action of multiple transporters and metabolizing enzymes in freshly-isolated human hepatocytes in culture configurations with different levels of expression and activity of these proteins. We observed that Fic was up to 35-fold lower in the configuration with high expression of drug-eliminating transporters and enzymes. We conclude that Fic provides a measurement of the net impact of all cellular drug disposition processes on intracellular bioavailable drug levels. Importantly, no prior knowledge of the involved drug distribution pathways is required, allowing for high-throughput determination of drug access to intracellular targets in highly defined cell systems (e.g., single-transporter transfectants) or in complex ones (including primary human cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mateus
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Andrea Treyer
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Christine Wegler
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicines, DMPK, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Maria Karlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Pär Matsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden.,Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform (UDOPP), Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory Drug Discovery and Development platform (SciLifelab DDD-P), Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
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31
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Kim SM, Wang Y, Nabavi N, Liu Y, Correia MA. Hepatic cytochromes P450: structural degrons and barcodes, posttranslational modifications and cellular adapters in the ERAD-endgame. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:405-33. [PMID: 27320797 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1195403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored hepatic cytochromes P450 (P450s) are enzymes that metabolize endo- and xenobiotics i.e. drugs, carcinogens, toxins, natural and chemical products. These agents modulate liver P450 content through increased synthesis or reduction via inactivation and/or proteolytic degradation, resulting in clinically significant drug-drug interactions. P450 proteolytic degradation occurs via ER-associated degradation (ERAD) involving either of two distinct routes: Ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent 26S proteasomal degradation (ERAD/UPD) or autophagic lysosomal degradation (ERAD/ALD). CYP3A4, the major human liver/intestinal P450, and the fast-turnover CYP2E1 species are degraded via ERAD/UPD entailing multisite protein phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitination by gp78 and CHIP E3 Ub-ligases. We are gaining insight into the nature of the structural determinants involved in CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 molecular recognition in ERAD/UPD [i.e. K48-linked polyUb chains and linear and/or "conformational" phosphodegrons consisting either of consecutive sequences on surface loops and/or disordered regions, or structurally-assembled surface clusters of negatively charged acidic (Asp/Glu) and phosphorylated (Ser/Thr) residues, within or vicinal to which, Lys-residues are targeted for ubiquitination]. Structural inspection of select human liver P450s reveals that such linear or conformational phosphodegrons may indeed be a common P450-ERAD/UPD feature. By contrast, although many P450s such as the slow-turnover CYP2E1 species and rat liver CYP2B1 and CYP2C11 are degraded via ERAD/ALD, little is known about the mechanism of their ALD-targeting. On the basis of our current knowledge of ALD-substrate targeting, we propose a tripartite conjunction of K63-linked Ub-chains, P450 structural "LIR" motifs and selective cellular "cargo receptors" as plausible P450-ALD determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Mi Kim
- a Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - YongQiang Wang
- a Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- a Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Yi Liu
- a Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Maria Almira Correia
- a Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA ;,b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA ;,c Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA ;,d The Liver Center, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
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32
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Bräunig J, Schiwy S, Broedel O, Müller Y, Frohme M, Hollert H, Keiter SH. Time-dependent expression and activity of cytochrome P450 1s in early life-stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16319-16328. [PMID: 25994265 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos are being increasingly used as model organisms for the assessment of single substances and complex environmental samples for regulatory purposes. Thus, it is essential to fully understand the xenobiotic metabolism during the different life-stages of early development. The aim of the present study was to determine arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity during selected times of early development using qPCR, enzymatic activity through measurement of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and protein expression analysis. In the present study, gene expression of cyp1a, cyp1b1, cyp1c1, cyp1c2, and ahr2 as well as EROD activity were investigated up to 120 h postfertilization (hpf) after exposure to either β-naphthoflavone (BNF) or a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)-contaminated sediment extract from Vering Kanal in Hamburg (VK). Protein expression was measured at 72 hpf after exposure to 20 μg/L BNF. Altered proteins were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) peptide mass fingerprinting. Distinct patterns of basal messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were found for each of the cyp1 genes, suggesting specific roles during embryonic development. All transcripts were induced by BNF and VK. ahr2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated after exposure to VK. All cyp1 genes investigated showed a temporal decline in expression at 72 hpf. The significant decline of Hsp 90β protein at 72 hpf after exposure to BNF may suggest an explanation for the decline of cyp1 genes at this time point as Hsp 90β is of major importance for the functioning of the Ah-receptor. EROD activity measured in embryos was significantly induced after 96 hpf of exposure to BNF or VK. Together, these results demonstrate distinct temporal patterns of cyp1 genes and protein activities in zebrafish embryos as well as show a need to investigate further the xenobiotic biotransformation system during early development of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bräunig
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, 4108, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Sabrina Schiwy
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Broedel
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745, Wildau, Germany
| | - Yvonne Müller
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus Frohme
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745, Wildau, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden.
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33
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Park JW, Reed JR, Backes WL. The Localization of Cytochrome P450s CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 into Different Lipid Microdomains Is Governed by Their N-terminal and Internal Protein Regions. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29449-60. [PMID: 26468279 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.687103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In cellular membranes, different lipid species are heterogeneously distributed forming domains with different characteristics. Ordered domains are tightly packed with cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and saturated fatty acids, whereas disordered domains contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. Our laboratory has shown that membrane heterogeneity affects the organization of cytochrome P450s and their cognate redox partner, the cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). Despite the high degree of sequence similarity, CYP1A1 was found to localize to disordered regions, whereas CYP1A2 resided in ordered domains. We hypothesized that regions of amino acid sequence variability may contain signal motifs that direct CYP1A proteins into ordered or disordered domains. Thus, chimeric constructs of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 were created, and their localization was tested in HEK293T cells. CYP1A2, containing the N-terminal regions from CYP1A1, no longer localized in ordered domains, whereas the N terminus of CYP1A2 partially directed CYP1A1 into ordered regions. In addition, intact CYP1A2 containing a 206-302-residue peptide segment of CYP1A1 had less affinity to bind to ordered microdomains. After expression, the catalytic activity of CYP1A2 was higher than that of the CYP1A1-CYP1A2 chimera containing the N-terminal end of CYP1A1 with subsaturating CPR concentrations, but it was approximately equal with excess CPR suggesting that the localization of the CYP1A enzyme in ordered domains favored its interaction with CPR. These data demonstrate that both the N-terminal end and an internal region of CYP1A2 play roles in targeting CYP1A2 to ordered domains, and domain localization may influence P450 function under conditions that resemble those found in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Park
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and The Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - James R Reed
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and The Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Wayne L Backes
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and The Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
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De la Fuente IM. Elements of the cellular metabolic structure. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:16. [PMID: 25988183 PMCID: PMC4428431 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have demonstrated the existence of metabolic covalent modifications in different molecular structures, which are able to store biochemical information that is not encoded by DNA. Some of these covalent mark patterns can be transmitted across generations (epigenetic changes). Recently, the emergence of Hopfield-like attractor dynamics has been observed in self-organized enzymatic networks, which have the capacity to store functional catalytic patterns that can be correctly recovered by specific input stimuli. Hopfield-like metabolic dynamics are stable and can be maintained as a long-term biochemical memory. In addition, specific molecular information can be transferred from the functional dynamics of the metabolic networks to the enzymatic activity involved in covalent post-translational modulation, so that determined functional memory can be embedded in multiple stable molecular marks. The metabolic dynamics governed by Hopfield-type attractors (functional processes), as well as the enzymatic covalent modifications of specific molecules (structural dynamic processes) seem to represent the two stages of the dynamical memory of cellular metabolism (metabolic memory). Epigenetic processes appear to be the structural manifestation of this cellular metabolic memory. Here, a new framework for molecular information storage in the cell is presented, which is characterized by two functionally and molecularly interrelated systems: a dynamic, flexible and adaptive system (metabolic memory) and an essentially conservative system (genetic memory). The molecular information of both systems seems to coordinate the physiological development of the whole cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildefonso M. De la Fuente
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra,” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, University of the Basque Country, UPV/Euskal Herriko UnibertsitateaLeioa, Spain
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Kendall AC, Pilkington SM, Massey KA, Sassano G, Rhodes LE, Nicolaou A. Distribution of bioactive lipid mediators in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1510-1520. [PMID: 25668241 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The skin produces bioactive lipids that participate in physiological and pathological states, including homeostasis, induction, propagation, and resolution of inflammation. However, comprehension of the cutaneous lipid complement, and contribution to differing roles of the epidermal and dermal compartments, remains incomplete. We assessed the profiles of eicosanoids, endocannabinoids, N-acyl ethanolamides, and sphingolipids, in human dermis, epidermis, and suction blister fluid. We identified 18 prostanoids, 12 hydroxy-fatty acids, 9 endocannabinoids and N-acyl ethanolamides, and 21 non-hydroxylated ceramides and sphingoid bases, several demonstrating significantly different expression in the tissues assayed. The array of dermal and epidermal fatty acids was reflected in the lipid mediators produced, whereas similarities between lipid profiles in blister fluid and epidermis indicated a primarily epidermal origin of suction blister fluid. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids ex vivo showed that their action is mediated through perturbation of existing species and formation of other anti-inflammatory lipids. These findings demonstrate the diversity of lipid mediators involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis in resting skin and hint at their contribution to signaling, cross-support, and functions of different skin compartments. Profiling lipid mediators in biopsies and suction blister fluid can support studies investigating cutaneous inflammatory responses, dietary manipulation, and skin diseases lacking biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Kendall
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Suzanne M Pilkington
- Dermatology Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen A Massey
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Gary Sassano
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Dermatology Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Kot M, Sadakierska-Chudy A, Haduch A, Rysz M, Bromek E, Gołembiowska K, Daniel WA. The role of the dorsal noradrenergic pathway of the brain (locus coeruleus) in the regulation of liver cytochrome P450 activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 751:34-41. [PMID: 25637782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study conducted after intracerebroventricular DSP-4 injection showed an important stimulating role of a brain noradrenergic system in the neuroendocrine regulation of liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression. The aim of the present research was to study involvement of the dorsal noradrenergic pathway of the brain (originating from the locus coeruleus) in the expression of liver cytochrome P450. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats. Local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine to the locus coeruleus selectively decreased noradrenaline level in the brain (e.g. in the hypothalamus). The serum concentration of the growth hormone rose, while that of the thyroid hormones or corticosterone remained unchanged. A comparative study into cytochrome P450 isoform activity revealed significant increases in the activity of liver CYP2C11 and CYP3A after administration of 6-hydroxydopamine. The observed increase in the activity of CYP2C11 positively correlated with that in CYP protein level, while the enhanced activity of CYP3A was not accompanied with a simultaneous change in the enzyme protein. A 5-day-injection of noradrenaline into the lateral ventricles produced opposite effects on the CYP isoforms. It is concluded that damage to or activation of the dorsal noradrenergic innervation of the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus containing somatostatin (a growth hormone release-inhibiting factor) may be responsible for the changes observed in the activity of isoforms CYP2C11 and CYP3A that are regulated by the growth hormone. The obtained results indicate that the dorsal noradrenergic pathway plays an inhibitory (but not a crucial) role in the neuroendocrine regulation of cytochrome P450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kot
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Anna Haduch
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Rysz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Bromek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Gołembiowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wladyslawa A Daniel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Tripathi VK, Kumar V, Singh AK, Kashyap MP, Jahan S, Pandey A, Alam S, Khan F, Khanna VK, Yadav S, Lohani M, Pant AB. Monocrotophos induces the expression and activity of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in pre-sensitized cultured human brain cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91946. [PMID: 24663500 PMCID: PMC3963866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression and metabolic profile of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) is largely missing in human brain due to non-availability of brain tissue. We attempted to address the issue by using human brain neuronal (SH-SY5Y) and glial (U373-MG) cells. The expression and activity of CYP1A1, 2B6 and 2E1 were carried out in the cells exposed to CYP inducers viz., 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), cyclophosphamide (CPA), ethanol and known neurotoxicant- monocrotophos (MCP), a widely used organophosphorous pesticide. Both the cells show significant induction in the expression and CYP-specific activity against classical inducers and MCP. The induction level of CYPs was comparatively lower in MCP exposed cells than cells exposed to classical inducers. Pre-exposure (12 h) of cells to classical inducers significantly added the MCP induced CYPs expression and activity. The findings were concurrent with protein ligand docking studies, which show a significant modulatory capacity of MCP by strong interaction with CYP regulators-CAR, PXR and AHR. Similarly, the known CYP inducers- 3-MC, CPA and ethanol have also shown significantly high docking scores with all the three studied CYP regulators. The expression of CYPs in neuronal and glial cells has suggested their possible association with the endogenous physiology of the brain. The findings also suggest the xenobiotic metabolizing capabilities of these cells against MCP, if received a pre-sensitization to trigger the xenobiotic metabolizing machinery. MCP induced CYP-specific activity in neuronal cells could help in explaining its effect on neurotransmission, as these CYPs are known to involve in the synthesis/transport of the neurotransmitters. The induction of CYPs in glial cells is also of significance as these cells are thought to be involved in protecting the neurons from environmental insults and safeguard them from toxicity. The data provide better understanding of the metabolizing capability of the human brain cells against xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K. Tripathi
- In Vitro Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- In Vitro Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Abhishek K. Singh
- In Vitro Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Mahendra P. Kashyap
- In Vitro Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- In Vitro Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- In Vitro Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinay K. Khanna
- In Vitro Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- In Vitro Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohtshim Lohani
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Aditya B. Pant
- In Vitro Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail:
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Brown GT, Cash BG, Blihoghe D, Johansson P, Alnabulsi A, Murray GI. The expression and prognostic significance of retinoic acid metabolising enzymes in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90776. [PMID: 24608339 PMCID: PMC3946526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer with over fifty percent of patients presenting at an advanced stage. Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A and is essential for normal cell growth and aberrant retinoic acid metabolism is implicated in tumourigenesis. This study has profiled the expression of retinoic acid metabolising enzymes using a well characterised colorectal cancer tissue microarray containing 650 primary colorectal cancers, 285 lymph node metastasis and 50 normal colonic mucosal samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the tissue microarray using monoclonal antibodies which we have developed to the retinoic acid metabolising enzymes CYP26A1, CYP26B1, CYP26C1 and lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) using a semi-quantitative scoring scheme to assess expression. Moderate or strong expression of CYP26A1was observed in 32.5% of cancers compared to 10% of normal colonic epithelium samples (p<0.001). CYP26B1 was moderately or strongly expressed in 25.2% of tumours and was significantly less expressed in normal colonic epithelium (p<0.001). CYP26C1 was not expressed in any sample. LRAT also showed significantly increased expression in primary colorectal cancers compared with normal colonic epithelium (p<0.001). Strong CYP26B1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis (HR = 1.239, 95%CI = 1.104-1.390, χ(2) = 15.063, p = 0.002). Strong LRAT was also associated with poorer outcome (HR = 1.321, 95%CI = 1.034-1.688, χ(2) = 5.039, p = 0.025). In mismatch repair proficient tumours strong CYP26B1 (HR = 1.330, 95%CI = 1.173-1.509, χ(2)= 21.493, p<0.001) and strong LRAT (HR = 1.464, 95%CI = 1.110-1.930, χ(2) = 7.425, p = 0.006) were also associated with poorer prognosis. This study has shown that the retinoic acid metabolising enzymes CYP26A1, CYP26B1 and LRAT are significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer and that CYP26B1 and LRAT are significantly associated with prognosis both in the total cohort and in those tumours which are mismatch repair proficient. CYP26B1 was independently prognostic in a multivariate model both in the whole patient cohort (HR = 1.177, 95%CI = 1.020-1.216, p = 0.026) and in mismatch repair proficient tumours (HR = 1.255, 95%CI = 1.073-1.467, p = 0.004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon T Brown
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Gimenez Cash
- Vertebrate Antibodies, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Blihoghe
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Petronella Johansson
- The Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ayham Alnabulsi
- Vertebrate Antibodies, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Correia MA, Wang Y, Kim SM, Guan S. Hepatic cytochrome P450 ubiquitination: conformational phosphodegrons for E2/E3 recognition? IUBMB Life 2014; 66:78-88. [PMID: 24488826 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) integral cytochromes P450 (P450s) are monooxygenases engaged in the biotransformation and elimination of endo- as well as xenobiotics. Of the human liver P450s, CYP3A4 is the major and most dominant catalyst responsible for the biotransformation of over 50% of clinically prescribed drugs. CYP2E1 metabolizes smaller molecular weight compounds (EtOH), carcinogens, environmental toxins, and endobiotics, and is justly implicated in various toxigenic/pathogenic mechanisms of human disease. Both P450s are notorious for their potential to generate pathogenic reactive oxygen species (ROS) during futile oxidative cycling and/or oxidative uncoupling. Such ROS not only oxidatively damage the P450 catalytic cage, but on their escape into the cytosol, also the P450 outer surface and any surrounding cell organelles. Given their ER-monotopic topology coupled with this high potential to acquire oxidative lesions in their cytosolic (C) domain, not surprisingly these P450 proteins exhibit shorter lifespans and are excellent prototype substrates of ER-associated degradation ("ERAD-C") pathway. Indeed, we have shown that both CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 incur ERAD-C, during which they are first phosphorylated by protein kinases A and C, which greatly enhance/accelerate their ubiquitination by UBC7/gp78 and UbcH5a/CHIP/Hsp70/Hsp40 E2/E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. Such P450 phosphorylation occurs on Ser/Thr residues within linear sequences as well as spatially clustered acidic (Asp/Glu) residues. We propose that such S/T phosphorylation within these clusters creates negatively charged patches or conformational phosphodegrons for interaction with positively charged E2/E3 domains. Such P450 S/T phosphorylation we posit serves as a molecular switch to turn on its ubiquitination and ERAD-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Almira Correia
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA; The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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Choi SY, Koh KH, Jeong H. Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:263-9. [PMID: 22837389 PMCID: PMC3558868 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.046276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from clinical studies suggest that pregnancy alters hepatic drug metabolism in a cytochrome P450 (P450) isoform-specific manner, and rising concentrations of female hormones are potentially responsible for the changes. The objective of this study was to comprehensively characterize the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the expression and activity of major drug-metabolizing P450s. To this end, primary human hepatocytes were treated with estradiol and progesterone, and mRNA expression and activity levels of 10 different P450 isoforms were determined. The results showed that estradiol enhances CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 expression, whereas progesterone induces CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 expression. The induction was mainly observed when the average hormone concentrations were at the levels reached during pregnancy, suggesting that these effects are likely pregnancy-specific. Estradiol also increased enzyme activities of CYP2C9 and CYP2E1 without affecting the mRNA expression levels by unknown mechanisms. Taken together, our results show differential effects of estrogen and progesterone on P450 expression, suggesting involvement of different regulatory mechanisms in female hormone-mediated P450 regulation. Our findings potentially provide a basis in mechanistic understanding for altered drug metabolism during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Choi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice (MC 886), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Michael Miller KK, Al-Rayyan N, Ivanova MM, Mattingly KA, Ripp SL, Klinge CM, Prough RA. DHEA metabolites activate estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Steroids 2013; 78:15-25. [PMID: 23123738 PMCID: PMC3529809 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels were reported to associate with increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, but some carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumor studies question this claim. The purpose of this study was to determine how DHEA and its metabolites affect estrogen receptors α or β (ERα or ERβ)-regulated gene transcription and cell proliferation. In transiently transfected HEK-293 cells, androstenediol, DHEA, and DHEA-S activated ERα. In ERβ transfected HepG2 cells, androstenedione, DHEA, androstenediol, and 7-oxo DHEA stimulated reporter activity. ER antagonists ICI 182,780 (fulvestrant) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen, general P450 inhibitor miconazole, and aromatase inhibitor exemestane inhibited activation by DHEA or metabolites in transfected cells. ERβ-selective antagonist R,R-THC (R,R-cis-diethyl tetrahydrochrysene) inhibited DHEA and DHEA metabolite transcriptional activity in ERβ-transfected cells. Expression of endogenous estrogen-regulated genes: pS2, progesterone receptor, cathepsin D1, and nuclear respiratory factor-1 was increased by DHEA and its metabolites in an ER-subtype, gene, and cell-specific manner. DHEA metabolites, but not DHEA, competed with 17β-estradiol for ERα and ERβ binding and stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation, demonstrating that DHEA metabolites interact directly with ERα and ERβin vitro, modulating estrogen target genes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carolyn M. Klinge
- CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: Russell A. Prough, Ph.D., and Carolyn M. Klinge. Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292. Phone: (502) 852-7249 (RAP); 502-852-3668 (CMK); FAX: (502) 852-6222; and
| | - Russell A. Prough
- CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: Russell A. Prough, Ph.D., and Carolyn M. Klinge. Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292. Phone: (502) 852-7249 (RAP); 502-852-3668 (CMK); FAX: (502) 852-6222; and
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Ishihara Y, Hamaguchi A, Sekine M, Hirakawa A, Shimamoto N. Accumulation of cytochrome P450 induced by proteasome inhibition during cardiac ischemia. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 527:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Adgent MA, Squadrito GL, Ballinger CA, Krzywanski DM, Lancaster JR, Postlethwait EM. Desferrioxamine inhibits protein tyrosine nitration: mechanisms and implications. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:951-61. [PMID: 22705369 PMCID: PMC3462664 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tissues are exposed to exogenous and endogenous nitrogen dioxide ((·)NO(2)), which is the terminal agent in protein tyrosine nitration. Besides iron chelation, the hydroxamic acid (HA) desferrioxamine (DFO) shows multiple functionalities including nitration inhibition. To investigate mechanisms whereby DFO affects 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) formation, we utilized gas-phase (·)NO(2) exposures, to limit introduction of other reactive species, and a lung surface model wherein red cell membranes (RCM) were immobilized under a defined aqueous film. When RCM were exposed to ()NO(2) covered by +/- DFO: (i) DFO inhibited 3-NT formation more effectively than other HA and non-HA chelators; (ii) 3-NT inhibition occurred at very low[DFO] for prolonged times; and (iii) 3-NT formation was iron independent but inhibition required DFO present. DFO poorly reacted with (·)NO(2) compared to ascorbate, assessed via (·)NO(2) reactive absorption and aqueous-phase oxidation rates, yet limited 3-NT formation at far lower concentrations. DFO also inhibited nitration under aqueous bulk-phase conditions, and inhibited 3-NT generated by active myeloperoxidase "bound" to RCM. Per the above and kinetic analyses suggesting preferential DFO versus (·)NO(2) reaction within membranes, we conclude that DFO inhibits 3-NT formation predominantly by facile repair of the tyrosyl radical intermediate, which prevents (·)NO(2) addition, and thus nitration, and potentially influences biochemical functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Adgent
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Giuseppe L. Squadrito
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Carol A. Ballinger
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M. Krzywanski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jack R. Lancaster
- Department of Anesthesiology Department of Physiology & Biophysics School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Edward M. Postlethwait
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
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Wang Y, Guan S, Acharya P, Liu Y, Thirumaran RK, Brandman R, Schuetz EG, Burlingame AL, Correia MA. Multisite phosphorylation of human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 enhances Its gp78- and CHIP-mediated ubiquitination: a pivotal role of its Ser-478 residue in the gp78-catalyzed reaction. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 11:M111.010132. [PMID: 22101235 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP3A4, an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored protein, is the major human liver cytochrome P450 enzyme responsible for the disposition of over 50% of clinically relevant drugs. Alterations of its protein turnover can influence drug metabolism, drug-drug interactions, and the bioavailability of chemotherapeutic drugs. Such CYP3A4 turnover occurs via a classical ER-associated degradation (ERAD) process involving ubiquitination by both UBC7/gp78 and UbcH5a/CHIP E2-E3 complexes for 26 S proteasomal targeting. These E3 ligases act sequentially and cooperatively in CYP3A4 ERAD because RNA interference knockdown of each in cultured hepatocytes results in the stabilization of a functionally active enzyme. We have documented that UBC7/gp78-mediated CYP3A4 ubiquitination requires protein phosphorylation by protein kinase (PK) A and PKC and identified three residues (Ser-478, Thr-264, and Ser-420) whose phosphorylation is required for intracellular CYP3A4 ERAD. We document herein that of these, Ser-478 plays a pivotal role in UBC7/gp78-mediated CYP3A4 ubiquitination, which is accelerated and enhanced on its mutation to the phosphomimetic Asp residue but attenuated on its Ala mutation. Intriguingly, CYP3A5, a polymorphically expressed human liver CYP3A4 isoform (containing Asp-478) is ubiquitinated but not degraded to a greater extent than CYP3A4 in HepG2 cells. This suggests that although Ser-478 phosphorylation is essential for UBC7/gp78-mediated CYP3A4 ubiquitination, it is not sufficient for its ERAD. Additionally, we now report that CYP3A4 protein phosphorylation by PKA and/or PKC at sites other than Ser-478, Thr-264, and Ser-420 also enhances UbcH5a/CHIP-mediated ubiquitination. Through proteomic analyses, we identify (i) 12 additional phosphorylation sites that may be involved in CHIP-CYP3A4 interactions and (ii) 8 previously unidentified CYP3A4 ubiquitination sites within spatially associated clusters of Asp/Glu and phosphorylatable Ser/Thr residues that may serve to engage each E2-E3 complex. Collectively, our findings underscore the interplay between protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination in ERAD and, to our knowledge, provide the very first example of gp78 substrate recognition via protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongQiang Wang
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, USA
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Wang Y, Guan S, Acharya P, Koop DR, Liu Y, Liao M, Burlingame AL, Correia MA. Ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of human liver cytochrome P450 2E1: identification of sites targeted for phosphorylation and ubiquitination. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:9443-56. [PMID: 21209460 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.176685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human liver CYP2E1 is a monotopic, endoplasmic reticulum-anchored cytochrome P450 responsible for the biotransformation of clinically relevant drugs, low molecular weight xenobiotics, carcinogens, and endogenous ketones. CYP2E1 substrate complexation converts it into a stable slow-turnover species degraded largely via autophagic lysosomal degradation. Substrate decomplexation/withdrawal results in a fast turnover CYP2E1 species, putatively generated through its futile oxidative cycling, that incurs endoplasmic reticulum-associated ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation (UPD). CYP2E1 thus exhibits biphasic turnover in the mammalian liver. We now show upon heterologous expression of human CYP2E1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that its autophagic lysosomal degradation and UPD pathways are evolutionarily conserved, even though its potential for futile catalytic cycling is low due to its sluggish catalytic activity in yeast. This suggested that other factors (i.e. post-translational modifications or "degrons") contribute to its UPD. Indeed, in cultured human hepatocytes, CYP2E1 is detectably ubiquitinated, and this is enhanced on its mechanism-based inactivation. Studies in Ubc7p and Ubc5p genetically deficient yeast strains versus corresponding isogenic wild types identified these ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzymes as relevant to CYP2E1 UPD. Consistent with this, in vitro functional reconstitution analyses revealed that mammalian UBC7/gp78 and UbcH5a/CHIP E2-E3 ubiquitin ligases were capable of ubiquitinating CYP2E1, a process enhanced by protein kinase (PK) A and/or PKC inclusion. Inhibition of PKA or PKC blocked intracellular CYP2E1 ubiquitination and turnover. Here, through mass spectrometric analyses, we identify some CYP2E1 phosphorylation/ubiquitination sites in spatially associated clusters. We propose that these CYP2E1 phosphorylation clusters may serve to engage each E2-E3 ubiquitination complex in vitro and intracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongQiang Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, USA
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Modarai M, Silva E, Suter A, Heinrich M, Kortenkamp A. Safety of Herbal Medicinal Products: Echinacea and Selected Alkylamides Do Not Induce CYP3A4 mRNA Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011:213021. [PMID: 19906827 PMCID: PMC3095427 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A major safety concern with the use of herbal medicinal products (HMP) is their interactions with conventional medicines, which are often mediated via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system. Echinacea is a widely used over-the-counter HMP, with proven immunomodulatory properties. Its increasing use makes research into its safety an urgent concern. Previously, we showed that Echinacea extracts and its alkylamides (thought to be important for Echinacea's immunomodulatory activity) mildly inhibit the enzymatic activity of the main drug metabolising CYP isoforms, but to this date, there is insufficient work on its ability to alter CYP expression levels. We now report for the first time the effect of a commercial Echinacea extract (Echinaforce) and four Echinacea alkylamides on the transcription of the major drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4. HepG2 cells were exposed for 96 h to clinically relevant concentrations of Echinaforce (22, 11.6 and 1.16 μg mL(-1)) or the alkylamides (1.62 and 44 nM). CYP3A4 mRNA levels were quantified using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Neither Echinaforce nor the alkylamides produced any significant changes in the steady-state CYP3A4 mRNA levels, under these conditions. In contrast, treatment with 50 μM rifampicin resulted in a 3.8-fold up-regulation over the vehicle control. We conclude that Echinaforce is unlikely to affect CYP3A4 transcriptional levels, even at concentrations which can inhibit the enzymatic activity of CYP3A4. Overall, our data provides further evidence for the lack of interactions between Echinacea and conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Modarai
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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Gomez A, Nekvindova J, Travica S, Lee MY, Johansson I, Edler D, Mkrtchian S, Ingelman-Sundberg M. Colorectal cancer-specific cytochrome P450 2W1: intracellular localization, glycosylation, and catalytic activity. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:1004-11. [PMID: 20805301 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.067652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2W1 (CYP2W1) is expressed at high levels in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, we have shown previously that a higher tumor expression is associated with less survival. In this study, we characterize post-translational modification, inverted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) topology, and catalytic activity of CYP2W1. The analysis of colorectal normal and cancer tissues and CYP2W1 overexpressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells showed that a fraction of CYP2W1 is modified by N-glycosylation. Bioinformatic analysis identified Asn177 as the only possible glycosylation site of CYP2W1, which was supported by the inability of an N177A mutant to be glycosylated in HEK 293 cells. Analysis of the membrane topology indicated that unlike other cytochromes P450, CYP2W1 in HEK 293-transfected cells and in nontransfected Caco2TC7 and HepG2 cells is oriented toward the lumen of the ER, a topology making CYP2W1 available to the ER glycosylation machinery. Immunofluorescence microscopy and cell surface biotinylation experiments revealed approximately 8% of the CYP2W1 on the cell surface. Despite the reverse orientation of CYP2W1 in the ER membrane, apparently making functional interactions with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase impossible, CYP2W1 in HEK 293 cells was active in the metabolism of indoline substrates and was able to activate aflatoxin B1 into cytotoxic products. The study identifies for the first time a cytochrome P450 enzyme with a luminal ER orientation and still retaining catalytic activity. Together, these results suggest the possibility of using CYP2W1 as a drug target in the treatment of colon cancer using antibodies and/or specific CYP2W1 activated prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Gomez
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang J, Hu Y, Nekvindova J, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Neve EPA. IL-4-mediated transcriptional regulation of human CYP2E1 by two independent signaling pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1592-600. [PMID: 20723539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), the alcohol-inducible member of the cytochrome P450 super family, plays an important role in both physiological and pathophysiological processes. The present study focused on the induction of human CYP2E1 transcription by the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) in human hepatoma B16A2 cells and revealed that this regulation is mediated by two independent pathways. RNA interference and overexpression of STAT6, indicated that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is involved in IL-4-dependent induction and mutagenesis revealed the presence of a STAT6 binding site in CYP2E1 proximal promoter region (-583/-574-bp). However, inhibition of the JAK-STAT6 pathway using JAK1 siRNA constructs could only partially inhibit the induction of CYP2E1 promoter constructs indicating the presence of a second IL-4 responsive element. Indeed by using a series of truncated CYP2E1 promoter constructs a second more distal IL-4 responsive element (-1604/-1428-bp) was identified, which was further shown to involve the activation of IRS1/2. This induction was dependent on the transcription factor NFATc1 as IL-4-induced CYP2E1 expression was altered by silencing or overexpressing NFATc1. A NFATc1 binding site was identified in the second distal IL-4 responsive element (-1551/-1545-bp) by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. Finally simultaneous siRNA-mediated down-regulation of both STAT6 and NFATc1 or mutation of both STAT6 and NFATc1 binding sites abolished the IL-4-dependent transcriptional induction of CYP2E1, demonstrating that both pathways are required for maximal activation. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the induction of CYP2E1 transcription by IL-4 is mediated through two independent parallel pathways, involving JAK-STAT6 and IRS1/2 and NFATc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Nanna Svartz väg 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Yang X, Zhang B, Molony C, Chudin E, Hao K, Zhu J, Gaedigk A, Suver C, Zhong H, Leeder JS, Guengerich FP, Strom SC, Schuetz E, Rushmore TH, Ulrich RG, Slatter JG, Schadt EE, Kasarskis A, Lum PY. Systematic genetic and genomic analysis of cytochrome P450 enzyme activities in human liver. Genome Res 2010; 20:1020-36. [PMID: 20538623 DOI: 10.1101/gr.103341.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver cytochrome P450s (P450s) play critical roles in drug metabolism, toxicology, and metabolic processes. Despite rapid progress in the understanding of these enzymes, a systematic investigation of the full spectrum of functionality of individual P450s, the interrelationship or networks connecting them, and the genetic control of each gene/enzyme is lacking. To this end, we genotyped, expression-profiled, and measured P450 activities of 466 human liver samples and applied a systems biology approach via the integration of genetics, gene expression, and enzyme activity measurements. We found that most P450s were positively correlated among themselves and were highly correlated with known regulators as well as thousands of other genes enriched for pathways relevant to the metabolism of drugs, fatty acids, amino acids, and steroids. Genome-wide association analyses between genetic polymorphisms and P450 expression or enzyme activities revealed sets of SNPs associated with P450 traits, and suggested the existence of both cis-regulation of P450 expression (especially for CYP2D6) and more complex trans-regulation of P450 activity. Several novel SNPs associated with CYP2D6 expression and enzyme activity were validated in an independent human cohort. By constructing a weighted coexpression network and a Bayesian regulatory network, we defined the human liver transcriptional network structure, uncovered subnetworks representative of the P450 regulatory system, and identified novel candidate regulatory genes, namely, EHHADH, SLC10A1, and AKR1D1. The P450 subnetworks were then validated using gene signatures responsive to ligands of known P450 regulators in mouse and rat. This systematic survey provides a comprehensive view of the functionality, genetic control, and interactions of P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Rosetta Inpharmatics, LLC, Merck & Co., Inc., Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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