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Gutierrez-Morton E, Wang Y. The role of SUMOylation in biomolecular condensate dynamics and protein localization. CELL INSIGHT 2024; 3:100199. [PMID: 39399482 PMCID: PMC11467568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
As a type of protein post-translational modification, SUMOylation is the process that attaches a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to lysine residues of protein substrates. Not only do SUMO and ubiquitin exhibit structure similarity, but the enzymatic cascades for SUMOylation and ubiquitination are also similar. It is well established that protein ubiquitination triggers proteasomal degradation, but the function of SUMOylation remains poorly understood compared to ubiquitination. Recent studies reveal the role of SUMOylation in regulating protein localization, stability, and interaction networks. SUMO can be covalently attached to substrates either as an individual monomer (monoSUMOylation) or as a polymeric SUMO chain (polySUMOylation). Strikingly, mono- and polySUMOylation likely play distinct roles in protein subcellular localization and the assembly/disassembly of biomolecular condensates, which are membraneless cellular compartments with concentrated biomolecules. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the function and regulation of SUMOylation, which could reveal potential therapeutic targets in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gutierrez-Morton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4300, USA
| | - Yanchang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4300, USA
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2
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Li J, Su L, Jiang J, Wang YE, Ling Y, Qiu Y, Yu H, Huang Y, Wu J, Jiang S, Zhang T, Palazzo AF, Shen Q. RanBP2/Nup358 Mediates Sumoylation of STAT1 and Antagonizes Interferon-α-Mediated Antiviral Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:299. [PMID: 38203469 PMCID: PMC10778711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I)-induced signaling plays a critical role in host antiviral innate immune responses. Despite this, the mechanisms that regulate this signaling pathway have yet to be fully elucidated. The nucleoporin Ran Binding Protein 2 (RanBP2) (also known as Nucleoporin 358 KDa, Nup358) has been implicated in a number of cellular processes, including host innate immune signaling pathways, and is known to influence viral infection. In this study, we documented that RanBP2 mediates the sumoylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and inhibits IFN-α-induced signaling. Specifically, we found that RanBP2-mediated sumoylation inhibits the interaction of STAT1 and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), as well as the phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of STAT1 after IFN-α stimulation, thereby antagonizing the IFN-α-mediated antiviral innate immune signaling pathway and promoting viral infection. Our findings not only provide insights into a novel function of RanBP2 in antiviral innate immunity but may also contribute to the development of new antiviral therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Lili Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yifan E. Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; (Y.E.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yingying Ling
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yi Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; (Y.E.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Huahui Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yucong Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Jiangmin Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Alexander F. Palazzo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; (Y.E.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Qingtang Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
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3
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Masoabi M, Burger NFV, Botha AM, Le Roux ML, Vlok M, Snyman S, Van der Vyver C. Overexpression of the Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier protease OTS1 gene enhances drought tolerance in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:1121-1141. [PMID: 37856570 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is an economically important crop plant across the globe as it is the primary source of sugar and biofuel. Its growth and development are greatly influenced by water availability; therefore, in periods of water scarcity, yields are severely compromised. Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier (SUMO) proteases play an important role in stress responses by regulating the SUMO-related post-translational modification of proteins. In an attempt to enhance drought tolerance in sugarcane, this crop was genetically transformed with a cysteine protease (OVERLY TOLERANT TO SALT-1; OTS1) from Arabidopsis thaliana using particle bombardment. Transgenic plants were analysed in terms of photosynthetic capacity, oxidative damage, antioxidant accumulation and the SUMO-enrich protein profile was assessed. Sugarcane transformed with the AtOTS1 gene displayed enhanced drought tolerance and delayed leaf senescence under water deficit compared to the untransformed wild type (WT). The AtOTS1 transgenic plants maintained a high relative moisture content and higher photosynthesis rate when compared to the WT. In addition, when the transgene was expressed at high levels, the transformed plants were able to maintain higher stomatal conductance and chlorophyl content under moderate stress compared to the WT. Under severe water deficit stress, the transgenic plants accumulated less malondialdehyde and maintained membrane integrity. SUMOylation of total protein and protease activity was lower in the AtOTS1 transformed plants compared to the WT, with several SUMO-enriched proteins exclusively expressed in the transgenics when exposed to water deficit stress. SUMOylation of proteins likely influenced various mechanisms contributing to enhanced drought tolerance in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masoabi
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - N F V Burger
- Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - A-M Botha
- Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M L Le Roux
- Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M Vlok
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Central Analytic Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - S Snyman
- South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - C Van der Vyver
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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4
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Strachan J, Leidecker O, Spanos C, Le Coz C, Chapman E, Arsenijevic A, Zhang H, Zhao N, Spoel SH, Bayne EH. SUMOylation regulates Lem2 function in centromere clustering and silencing. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260868. [PMID: 37970674 PMCID: PMC10730020 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation by the small modifier SUMO is heavily dependent on spatial control of enzymes that mediate the attachment and removal of SUMO on substrate proteins. Here, we show that in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, delocalisation of the SUMO protease Ulp1 from the nuclear envelope results in centromeric defects that can be attributed to hyper-SUMOylation at the nuclear periphery. Unexpectedly, we find that although this localised hyper-SUMOylation impairs centromeric silencing, it can also enhance centromere clustering. Moreover, both effects are at least partially dependent on SUMOylation of the inner nuclear membrane protein Lem2. Lem2 has previously been implicated in diverse biological processes, including the promotion of both centromere clustering and silencing, but how these distinct activities are coordinated was unclear; our observations suggest a model whereby SUMOylation serves as a regulatory switch, modulating Lem2 interactions with competing partner proteins to balance its roles in alternative pathways. Our findings also reveal a previously unappreciated role for SUMOylation in promoting centromere clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Strachan
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Orsolya Leidecker
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Christos Spanos
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Clementine Le Coz
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Elliott Chapman
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Ana Arsenijevic
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Haidao Zhang
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Steven H. Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Elizabeth H. Bayne
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
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5
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Marino R, Buccarello L, Hassanzadeh K, Akhtari K, Palaniappan S, Corbo M, Feligioni M. A novel cell-permeable peptide prevents protein SUMOylation and supports the mislocalization and aggregation of TDP-43. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106342. [PMID: 37918759 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that exerts a regulatory role in different cellular processes, including protein localization, aggregation, and biological activities. It consists of the dynamic formation of covalent isopeptide bonds between a family member of the Small Ubiquitin Like Modifiers (SUMOs) and the target proteins. Interestingly, it is a cellular mechanism implicated in several neurodegenerative pathologies and potentially it could become a new therapeutic target; however, there are very few pharmacological tools to modulate the SUMOylation process. In this study, we have designed and tested the activity of a novel small cell-permeable peptide, COV-1, in a neuroblastoma cell line that specifically prevents protein SUMOylation. COV-1 inhibits UBC9-protein target interaction and efficiently decreases global SUMO-1ylation. Moreover, it can perturb RanGAP-1 perinuclear localization by inducing the downregulation of UBC9. In parallel, we found that COV-1 causes an increase in the ubiquitin degradation system up to its engulfment while enhancing the autophagic flux. Surprisingly, COV-1 modifies protein aggregation, and specifically it mislocalizes TDP-43 within cells, inducing its aggregation and co-localization with SUMO-1. These data suggest that COV-1 could be taken into future consideration as an interesting pharmacological tool to study the cellular cascade effects of SUMOylation prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marino
- EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome 00161, Italy
| | | | - K Hassanzadeh
- EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - K Akhtari
- Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 871, Iran
| | - S Palaniappan
- EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - M Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Igea, Milan 20144, Italy
| | - M Feligioni
- EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome 00161, Italy; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Igea, Milan 20144, Italy..
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Desgraupes S, Etienne L, Arhel NJ. RANBP2 evolution and human disease. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2519-2533. [PMID: 37795679 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Ran-binding protein 2 (RANBP2)/Nup358 is a nucleoporin and a key component of the nuclear pore complex. Through its multiple functions (e.g., SUMOylation, regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport) and subcellular localizations (e.g., at the nuclear envelope, kinetochores, annulate lamellae), it is involved in many cellular processes. RANBP2 dysregulation or mutation leads to the development of human pathologies, such as acute necrotizing encephalopathy 1, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and it is also involved in viral infections. The chromosomal region containing the RANBP2 gene is highly dynamic, with high structural variation and recombination events that led to the appearance of a gene family called RANBP2 and GCC2 Protein Domains (RGPD), with multiple gene loss/duplication events during ape evolution. Although RGPD homoplasy and maintenance during evolution suggest they might confer an advantage to their hosts, their functions are still unknown and understudied. In this review, we discuss the appearance and importance of RANBP2 in metazoans and its function-related pathologies, caused by an alteration of its expression levels (through promotor activity, post-transcriptional, or post-translational modifications), its localization, or genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Desgraupes
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Etienne
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, UCBL1, CNRS UMR 5308, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie J Arhel
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, France
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Chandrasekhar H, Mohapatra G, Kajal K, Singh M, Walia K, Rana S, Kaur N, Sharma S, Tuli A, Das P, Srikanth CV. SifA SUMOylation governs Salmonella Typhimurium intracellular survival via modulation of lysosomal function. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011686. [PMID: 37773952 PMCID: PMC10566704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the mechanisms shaping the pathophysiology during the infection of enteric pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium is host PTM machinery utilization by the pathogen encoded effectors. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm) during infection in host cells thrives in a vacuolated compartment, Salmonella containing vacuole (SCV), which sequentially acquires host endosomal and lysosomal markers. Long tubular structures, called as Salmonella induced filaments (SIFs), are further generated by S. Tm, which are known to be required for SCV's nutrient acquisition, membrane maintenance and stability. A tightly coordinated interaction involving prominent effector SifA and various host adapters PLEKHM1, PLEKHM2 and Rab GTPases govern SCV integrity and SIF formation. Here, we report for the first time that the functional regulation of SifA is modulated by PTM SUMOylation at its 11th lysine. S. Tm expressing SUMOylation deficient lysine 11 mutants of SifA (SifAK11R) is defective in intracellular proliferation due to compromised SIF formation and enhanced lysosomal acidification. Furthermore, murine competitive index experiments reveal defective in vivo proliferation and weakened virulence of SifAK11R mutant. Concisely, our data reveal that SifAK11R mutant nearly behaves like a SifA knockout strain which impacts Rab9-MPR mediated lysosomal acidification pathway, the outcome of which culminates in reduced bacterial load in in vitro and in vivo infection model systems. Our results bring forth a novel pathogen-host crosstalk mechanism where the SUMOylation of effector SifA regulated S. Tm intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gayatree Mohapatra
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kirti Kajal
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Mukesh Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Kshitiz Walia
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sarika Rana
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Amit Tuli
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Youssef A, Mohammed BK, Prasad A, del Aguila A, Bassi G, Yang W, Ulloa L. Splenic SUMO1 controls systemic inflammation in experimental sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200939. [PMID: 37520526 PMCID: PMC10374847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The recent discovery of TAK981(Subasumstat), the first-in-class selective inhibitor of SUMOylation, enables new immune treatments. TAK981 is already in clinical trials to potentiate immunotherapy in metastatic tumors and hematologic malignancies. Cancer patients have more than ten times higher risk of infections, but the effects of TAK981 in sepsis are unknown and previous studies on SUMO in infections are conflicting. Methods We used TAK981 in two sepsis models; polymicrobial peritonitis (CLP) and LPS endotoxemia. Splenectomy was done in both models to study the role of spleen. Western blotting of SUMO-conjugated proteins in spleen lysates was done. Global SUMO1 and SUMO3 knockout mice were used to study the specific SUMO regulation of inflammation in LPS endotoxemia. Splenocytes adoptive transfer was done from SUMO knockouts to wild type mice to study the role of spleen SUMOylation in experimental sepsis. Results and discussion Here, we report that inhibition of SUMOylation with TAK981 improved survival in mild polymicrobial peritonitis by enhancing innate immune responses and peritoneal bacterial clearance. Thus, we focused on the effects of TAK981 on the immune responses to bacterial endotoxin, showing that TAK981 enhanced early TNFα production but did not affect the resolution of inflammation. Splenectomy decreased serum TNFα levels by nearly 60% and TAK981-induced TNFα responses. In the spleen, endotoxemia induced a distinct temporal and substrate specificity for SUMO1 and SUMO2/3, and both were inhibited by TAK981. Global genetic depletion of SUMO1, but not SUMO3, enhanced TNFα production and metabolic acidosis. The transfer of SUMO1-null, but not wild-type, splenocytes into splenectomized wild-type mice exacerbated TNFα production and metabolic acidosis in endotoxemia. Conclusion These results suggest that specific regulation of splenic SUMO1 can modulate immune and metabolic responses to bacterial infection.
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9
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Nolin SJ, Taylor RL, Edens FW, Siegel PB, Ashwell CM. Combining supervised machine learning with statistics reveals differential gene expression patterns related to energy metabolism in the jejuna of chickens divergently selected for antibody response to sheep red blood cells. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102751. [PMID: 37244088 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 1970s, 2 lines of White Leghorn chickens, HAS and LAS, have been continuously divergently selected for 5-day postinjection antibody titer to injection with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Antibody response is a complex genetic trait and characterizing differences in gene expression could facilitate better understanding of physiological changes due to selection and antigen exposure. At 41 d of age, randomly selected HAS and LAS chickens, which had been coraised from hatch, were either injected with SRBC (HASI and LASI) or kept as the noninjected cohort (HASN and LASN). Five days later, all were euthanized, and samples collected from the jejunum for RNA isolation and sequencing. Resulting gene expression data were analyzed combining traditional statistics with machine learning to obtain signature gene lists for functional analysis. Differences in ATP production and cellular processes were observed in the jejunum between lines and following SRBC injection. HASN vs. LASN exhibited upregulation of ATP production, immune cell motility, and inflammation. LASI exhibits upregulation of ATP production and protein synthesis vs. LASN, reflective of what was observed in HASN vs. LASN. In contrast, no corresponding upregulation of ATP production was observed in HASI vs. HASN, and most other cellular processes appear inhibited. Without exposure to SRBC, gene expression in the jejunum indicates HAS generates more ATP than LAS, suggesting HAS maintains a "primed" system; and gene expression of HASI vs. HASN further suggests this basal ATP production is sufficient for robust antibody responses. Conversely, LASI vs. LASN jejunal gene expression implies a physiological need for increased ATP production with only minimal correlating antibody production. The results of this experiment provide insight into energetic resource needs and allocations in the jejunum in response to genetic selection and antigen exposure in HAS and LAS which may help explain phenotypic differences observed in antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly J Nolin
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Robert L Taylor
- Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown West, VA 26506-6108, USA
| | - Frank W Edens
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Paul B Siegel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Christopher M Ashwell
- Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown West, VA 26506-6108, USA
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Lin X, Pang Q, Hu J, Sun J, Dai S, Yu Y, Xu J. SUMOylation mediates the disassembly of the Smad4 nuclear export complex via RanGAP1 in KELOIDS. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1045-1055. [PMID: 36916534 PMCID: PMC10098277 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sentrin/small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) has emerged as a powerful mediator regulating biological processes and participating in pathophysiological processes that cause human diseases, such as cancer, myocardial fibrosis and neurological disorders. Sumoylation has been shown to play a positive regulatory role in keloids. However, the sumoylation mechanism in keloids remains understudied. We proposed that sumoylation regulates keloids via a complex. RanGAP1 acted as a synergistic, functional partner of SUMOs in keloids. Nuclear accumulation of Smad4, a TGF-β/Smad pathway member, was associated with RanGAP1 after SUMO1 inhibition. RanGAP1*SUMO1 mediated the nuclear accumulation of Smad4 due to its impact on nuclear export and reduction in the dissociation of Smad4 and CRM1. We clarified a novel mechanism of positive regulation of sumoylation in keloids and demonstrated the function of sumoylation in Smad4 nuclear export. The NPC-associated RanGAP1*SUMO1 complex functions as a disassembly machine for the export receptor CRM1 and Smad4. Our research provides new perspectives for the mechanisms of keloids and nucleocytoplasmic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Ningbo Hwamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siya Dai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Loss of RanGAP1 drives chromosome instability and rapid tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma. Dev Cell 2023; 58:192-210.e11. [PMID: 36696903 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chromothripsis is a catastrophic event of chromosomal instability that involves intensive fragmentation and rearrangements within localized chromosomal regions. However, its cause remains unclear. Here, we show that reduction and inactivation of Ran GTPase-activating protein 1 (RanGAP1) commonly occur in human osteosarcoma, which is associated with a high rate of chromothripsis. In rapidly expanding mouse osteoprogenitors, RanGAP1 deficiency causes chromothripsis in chr1q, instant inactivation of Rb1 and degradation of p53, consequent failure in DNA damage repair, and ultrafast osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. During mitosis, RanGAP1 anchors to the kinetochore, where it recruits PP1-γ to counteract the activity of the spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC) and prevents TOP2A degradation, thus safeguarding chromatid decatenation. Loss of RanGAP1 causes SAC hyperactivation and chromatid decatenation failure. These findings demonstrate that RanGAP1 maintains mitotic chromosome integrity and that RanGAP1 loss drives tumorigenesis through its direct effects on SAC and decatenation and secondary effects on DNA damage surveillance.
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12
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Di Cesare E, Moroni S, Bartoli J, Damizia M, Giubettini M, Koerner C, Krenn V, Musacchio A, Lavia P. Aurora B SUMOylation Is Restricted to Centromeres in Early Mitosis and Requires RANBP2. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030372. [PMID: 36766713 PMCID: PMC9913629 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugation with the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modulates protein interactions and localisation. The kinase Aurora B, a key regulator of mitosis, was previously identified as a SUMOylation target in vitro and in assays with overexpressed components. However, where and when this modification genuinely occurs in human cells was not ascertained. Here, we have developed intramolecular Proximity Ligation Assays (PLA) to visualise SUMO-conjugated Aurora B in human cells in situ. We visualised Aurora B-SUMO products at centromeres in prometaphase and metaphase, which declined from anaphase onwards and became virtually undetectable at cytokinesis. In the mitotic window in which Aurora B/SUMO products are abundant, Aurora B co-localised and interacted with NUP358/RANBP2, a nucleoporin with SUMO ligase and SUMO-stabilising activity. Indeed, in addition to the requirement for the previously identified PIAS3 SUMO ligase, we found that NUP358/RANBP2 is also implicated in Aurora B-SUMO PLA product formation and centromere localisation. In summary, SUMOylation marks a distinctive window of Aurora B functions at centromeres in prometaphase and metaphase while being dispensable for functions exerted in cytokinesis, and RANBP2 contributes to this control, adding a novel layer to modulation of Aurora B functions during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Di Cesare
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Moroni
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Bartoli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Damizia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carolin Koerner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Veronica Krenn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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13
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Fergin A, Boesch G, Greter NR, Berger S, Hajnal A. Tissue-specific inhibition of protein sumoylation uncovers diverse SUMO functions during C. elegans vulval development. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009978. [PMID: 35666766 PMCID: PMC9203017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sumoylation (SUMO) pathway is involved in a variety of processes during C. elegans development, such as gonadal and vulval fate specification, cell cycle progression and maintenance of chromosome structure. The ubiquitous expression and pleiotropic effects have made it difficult to dissect the tissue-specific functions of the SUMO pathway and identify its target proteins. To overcome these challenges, we have established tools to block protein sumoylation and degrade sumoylated target proteins in a tissue-specific and temporally controlled manner. We employed the auxin-inducible protein degradation system (AID) to down-regulate the SUMO E3 ligase GEI-17 or the SUMO ortholog SMO-1, either in the vulval precursor cells (VPCs) or in the gonadal anchor cell (AC). Our results indicate that the SUMO pathway acts in multiple tissues to control different aspects of vulval development, such as AC positioning, basement membrane (BM) breaching, VPC fate specification and morphogenesis. Inhibition of protein sumoylation in the VPCs resulted in abnormal toroid formation and ectopic cell fusions during vulval morphogenesis. In particular, sumoylation of the ETS transcription factor LIN-1 at K169 is necessary for the proper contraction of the ventral vulA toroids. Thus, the SUMO pathway plays several distinct roles throughout vulval development. Many proteins are chemically modified after they have been synthesized. In particular, conjugation with the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) regulates the functions and activities of a large number of proteins in animal and plant cells. Here, we have used the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to study the various effects of SUMO protein modification on organ development. By applying a tissue-specific protein degradation system, we could selectively block the SUMO pathway in different tissues of the animals. We focused on the development of the egg-laying organ as a model, and found that the SUMO pathway acts in multiple tissues to regulate distinct cellular functions. Finally, we show that SUMO modification of one transcription factor, called LIN-1, is necessary for the proper morphogenesis of the organ. Our results indicate that the manifold effects of the SUMO pathway can be attributed to the combined action of a distinct number of SUMO modified proteins acting in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Fergin
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Science PhD Program, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Boesch
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Science PhD Program, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadja R. Greter
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Science PhD Program, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Berger
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Science PhD Program, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Hajnal
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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14
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Abstract
Dominant missense mutations in RanBP2/Nup358 cause Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (ANE), a pediatric disease where seemingly healthy individuals develop a cytokine storm that is restricted to the central nervous system in response to viral infection. Untreated, this condition leads to seizures, coma, long-term neurological damage and a high rate of mortality. The exact mechanism by which RanBP2 mutations contribute to the development of ANE remains elusive. In November 2021, a number of clinicians and basic scientists presented their work on this disease and on the interactions between RanBP2/Nup358, viral infections, the innate immune response and other cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jomon Joseph
- National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Ming Lim
- Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, and the Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kiran T Thakur
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
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15
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β-Arrestin2 Is Critically Involved in the Differential Regulation of Phosphosignaling Pathways by Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Taltirelin. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091473. [PMID: 35563779 PMCID: PMC9103620 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its analogs, including taltirelin (TAL), have demonstrated a range of effects on the central nervous system that represent potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of their actions remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated phosphosignaling dynamics in pituitary GH1 cells affected by TRH and TAL and the putative role of β-arrestin2 in mediating these effects. Our results revealed widespread alterations in many phosphosignaling pathways involving signal transduction via small GTPases, MAP kinases, Ser/Thr- and Tyr-protein kinases, Wnt/β-catenin, and members of the Hippo pathway. The differential TRH- or TAL-induced phosphorylation of numerous proteins suggests that these ligands exhibit some degree of biased agonism at the TRH receptor. The different phosphorylation patterns induced by TRH or TAL in β-arrestin2-deficient cells suggest that the β-arrestin2 scaffold is a key factor determining phosphorylation events after TRH receptor activation. Our results suggest that compounds that modulate kinase and phosphatase activity can be considered as additional adjuvants to enhance the potential therapeutic value of TRH or TAL.
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16
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Jiang J, Wang YE, Palazzo AF, Shen Q. Roles of Nucleoporin RanBP2/Nup358 in Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Type 1 (ANE1) and Viral Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3548. [PMID: 35408907 PMCID: PMC8998323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ran Binding Protein 2 (RanBP2 or Nucleoporin358) is one of the main components of the cytoplasmic filaments of the nuclear pore complex. Mutations in the RANBP2 gene are associated with acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1 (ANE1), a rare condition where patients experience a sharp rise in cytokine production in response to viral infection and undergo hyperinflammation, seizures, coma, and a high rate of mortality. Despite this, it remains unclear howRanBP2 and its ANE1-associated mutations contribute to pathology. Mounting evidence has shown that RanBP2 interacts with distinct viruses to regulate viral infection. In addition, RanBP2 may regulate innate immune response pathways. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of how mutations in RANBP2 contribute to ANE1 and discusses how RanBP2 interacts with distinct viruses and affects viral infection. Recent findings indicate that RanBP2 might be an important therapeutic target, not only in the suppression of ANE1-driven cytokine storms, but also to combat hyperinflammation in response to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
| | - Yifan E. Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada;
| | | | - Qingtang Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
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17
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Shukla P, Mandalla A, Elrick MJ, Venkatesan A. Clinical Manifestations and Pathogenesis of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy: The Interface Between Systemic Infection and Neurologic Injury. Front Neurol 2022; 12:628811. [PMID: 35058867 PMCID: PMC8764155 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.628811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a devastating neurologic condition that can arise following a variety of systemic infections, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Affected individuals typically present with rapid changes in consciousness, focal neurological deficits, and seizures. Neuroimaging reveals symmetric, bilateral deep gray matter lesions, often involving the thalami, with evidence of necrosis and/or hemorrhage. The clinical and radiologic picture must be distinguished from direct infection of the central nervous system by some viruses, and from metabolic and mitochondrial disorders. Outcomes following ANE are poor overall and worse in those with brainstem involvement. Specific management is often directed toward modulating immune responses given the potential role of systemic inflammation and cytokine storm in potentiating neurologic injury in ANE, though benefits of such approaches remain unclear. The finding that many patients have mutations in the nucleoporin gene RANBP2, which encodes a multifunctional protein that plays a key role in nucleocytoplasmic transport, may allow for the development of disease models that provide insights into pathogenic mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Shukla
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Abby Mandalla
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthew J Elrick
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Arun Venkatesan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Chen S, Lyanguzova M, Kaufhold R, Plevock Haase KM, Lee H, Arnaoutov A, Dasso M. Association of RanGAP to nuclear pore complex component, RanBP2/Nup358, is required for pupal development in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110151. [PMID: 34965423 PMCID: PMC11166264 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ran's GTPase-activating protein (RanGAP) is tethered to the nuclear envelope (NE) in multicellular organisms. We investigated the consequences of RanGAP localization in human tissue culture cells and Drosophila. In tissue culture cells, disruption of RanGAP1 NE localization surprisingly has neither obvious impacts on viability nor nucleocytoplasmic transport of a model substrate. In Drosophila, we identified a region within nucleoporin dmRanBP2 required for direct tethering of dmRanGAP to the NE. A dmRanBP2 mutant lacking this region shows no apparent growth defects during larval stages but arrests at the early pupal stage. A direct fusion of dmRanGAP to the dmRanBP2 mutant rescues this arrest, indicating that dmRanGAP recruitment to dmRanBP2 per se is necessary for the pupal ecdysis sequence. Our results indicate that while the NE localization of RanGAP is widely conserved in multicellular organisms, the targeting mechanisms are not. Further, we find a requirement for this localization during pupal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Chen
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Lyanguzova
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ross Kaufhold
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen M Plevock Haase
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hangnoh Lee
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexei Arnaoutov
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Dasso
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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19
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Sáinz-Jaspeado M, Smith RO, Plunde O, Pawelzik SC, Jin Y, Nordling S, Ding Y, Aspenström P, Hedlund M, Bastianello G, Ascione F, Li Q, Demir CS, Fernando D, Daniel G, Franco-Cereceda A, Kroon J, Foiani M, Petrova TV, Kilimann MW, Bäck M, Claesson-Welsh L. Palmdelphin Regulates Nuclear Resilience to Mechanical Stress in the Endothelium. Circulation 2021; 144:1629-1645. [PMID: 34636652 PMCID: PMC8589083 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. PALMD (palmdelphin) belongs to the family of paralemmin proteins implicated in cytoskeletal regulation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PALMD locus that result in reduced expression are strong risk factors for development of calcific aortic valve stenosis and predict severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sáinz-Jaspeado
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ross O Smith
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Oscar Plunde
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden (O.P., S.-C.P., M.B.)
| | - Sven-Christian Pawelzik
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden (O.P., S.-C.P., M.B.)
| | - Yi Jin
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Sofia Nordling
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Yindi Ding
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Pontus Aspenström
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Marie Hedlund
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Giulia Bastianello
- IFOM-FIRC (institute of molecular oncology - Fondazione italiana per la ricerca sul cancro), Milano, Italy (G.B., F.A., Q.L., M.F.).,University of Milan, Italy (G.B., M.F.)
| | - Flora Ascione
- IFOM-FIRC (institute of molecular oncology - Fondazione italiana per la ricerca sul cancro), Milano, Italy (G.B., F.A., Q.L., M.F.)
| | - Qingsen Li
- IFOM-FIRC (institute of molecular oncology - Fondazione italiana per la ricerca sul cancro), Milano, Italy (G.B., F.A., Q.L., M.F.)
| | - Cansaran Saygili Demir
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (C.S.D., T.V.P.).,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland (C.S.D., T.V.P.)
| | - Dinesh Fernando
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (D.F., G.D.)
| | - Geoffrey Daniel
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (D.F., G.D.)
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.F.-C.)
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.K.)
| | - Marco Foiani
- IFOM-FIRC (institute of molecular oncology - Fondazione italiana per la ricerca sul cancro), Milano, Italy (G.B., F.A., Q.L., M.F.).,University of Milan, Italy (G.B., M.F.)
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (C.S.D., T.V.P.).,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland (C.S.D., T.V.P.)
| | - Manfred W Kilimann
- Department of Neuroscience (M.W.K.), Uppsala University, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (M.W.K.)
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden (O.P., S.-C.P., M.B.)
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
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20
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Yu B, Lin Q, Huang C, Zhang B, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Zhang C, Yi J. SUMO proteases SENP3 and SENP5 spatiotemporally regulate the kinase activity of Aurora A. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs249771. [PMID: 34313310 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise chromosome segregation is mediated by a well-assembled mitotic spindle, which requires balance of the kinase activity of Aurora A (AurA, also known as AURKA). However, how this kinase activity is regulated remains largely unclear. Here, using in vivo and in vitro assays, we report that conjugation of SUMO2 with AurA at K258 in early mitosis promotes the kinase activity of AurA and facilitates the binding with its activator Bora. Knockdown of the SUMO proteases SENP3 and SENP5 disrupts the deSUMOylation of AurA, leading to increased kinase activity and abnormalities in spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, which could be rescued by suppressing the kinase activity of AurA. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SENP3 and SENP5 deSUMOylate AurA to render spatiotemporal control on its kinase activity in mitosis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiaoyu Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Boyan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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21
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Blanco-Rodriguez G, Di Nunzio F. The Viral Capsid: A Master Key to Access the Host Nucleus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061178. [PMID: 34203080 PMCID: PMC8234750 DOI: 10.3390/v13061178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are pathogens that have evolved to hijack the cellular machinery to replicate themselves and spread to new cells. During the course of evolution, viruses developed different strategies to overcome the cellular defenses and create new progeny. Among them, some RNA and many DNA viruses require access to the nucleus to replicate their genome. In non-dividing cells, viruses can only access the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Therefore, viruses have developed strategies to usurp the nuclear transport machinery and gain access to the nucleus. The majority of these viruses use the capsid to manipulate the nuclear import machinery. However, the particular tactics employed by each virus to reach the host chromatin compartment are very different. Nevertheless, they all require some degree of capsid remodeling. Recent notions on the interplay between the viral capsid and cellular factors shine new light on the quest for the nuclear entry step and for the fate of these viruses. In this review, we describe the main components and function of nuclear transport machinery. Next, we discuss selected examples of RNA and DNA viruses (HBV, HSV, adenovirus, and HIV) that remodel their capsid as part of their strategies to access the nucleus and to replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco-Rodriguez
- Advanced Molecular Virology and Retroviral Dynamics Group, Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France;
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Curie Institute, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Francesca Di Nunzio
- Advanced Molecular Virology and Retroviral Dynamics Group, Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France;
- Correspondence:
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22
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He Y, Yang Z, Zhao CS, Xiao Z, Gong Y, Li YY, Chen Y, Du Y, Feng D, Altman A, Li Y. T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling promotes the assembly of RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO1/Ubc9 nuclear pore subcomplex via PKC-θ-mediated phosphorylation of RanGAP1. eLife 2021; 10:67123. [PMID: 34110283 PMCID: PMC8225385 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the sole and selective gateway for nuclear transport, and its dysfunction has been associated with many diseases. The metazoan NPC subcomplex RanBP2, which consists of RanBP2 (Nup358), RanGAP1-SUMO1, and Ubc9, regulates the assembly and function of the NPC. The roles of immune signaling in regulation of NPC remain poorly understood. Here, we show that in human and murine T cells, following T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ) directly phosphorylates RanGAP1 to facilitate RanBP2 subcomplex assembly and nuclear import and, thus, the nuclear translocation of AP-1 transcription factor. Mechanistically, TCR stimulation induces the translocation of activated PKC-θ to the NPC, where it interacts with and phosphorylates RanGAP1 on Ser504 and Ser506. RanGAP1 phosphorylation increases its binding affinity for Ubc9, thereby promoting sumoylation of RanGAP1 and, finally, assembly of the RanBP2 subcomplex. Our findings reveal an unexpected role of PKC-θ as a direct regulator of nuclear import and uncover a phosphorylation-dependent sumoylation of RanGAP1, delineating a novel link between TCR signaling and assembly of the RanBP2 NPC subcomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Si Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Yi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunting Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianying Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Amnon Altman
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States
| | - Yingqiu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Subramonian D, Chen TA, Paolini N, Zhang XDD. Poly-SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2 facilitates CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:855-873. [PMID: 33910471 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1907509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMO modification is required for the kinetochore localization of the kinesin-like motor protein CENP-E, which subsequently mediates the alignment of chromosomes to the spindle equator during mitosis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which sumoylation regulates CENP-E kinetochore localization are still unclear. In this study, we first elucidate that the kinetochore protein Nuf2 is not only required for CENP-E kinetochore localization but also preferentially modified by poly-SUMO-2/3 chains. In addition, poly-SUMO-2/3 modification of Nuf2 is significantly upregulated during mitosis, which is temporally correlated to the kinetochore localization of CENP-E during mitosis. We further show that the mitotic defects in CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression caused by global inhibition of sumoylation can be rescued by expressing a fusion protein between Nuf2 and the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 for stimulating Nuf2 SUMO-2/3 modification. Moreover, the expression of another fusion protein between Nuf2 and three SUMO-2 moieties (SUMO-2 trimer), which mimics the trimeric SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2, can also rescue the mitotic defects due to global inhibition of sumoylation. Conversely, expressing the other forms of Nuf2-SUMO fusion proteins, which imitate Nuf2 modifications by SUMO-2/3 monomer, SUMO-2/3 dimer, and SUMO-1 trimer, respectively, cannot rescue the same mitotic defects. Lastly, compared to Nuf2, the fusion protein simulating the trimeric SUMO-2 chain-modified Nuf2 exhibits a significantly higher binding affinity to CENP-E wild type containing a functional SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) but not the CENP-E SIM mutant. Hence, our results support a model that poly-SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2 facilitates CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression during mitosis.Abbreviations: CENP-E, centromere-associated protein E; SUMO, small ubiquitin-related modifier; SIM, SUMO-interacting motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Subramonian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Te-An Chen
- Department of Biology, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiang-Dong David Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Biology, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
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24
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Kalita J, Kapinos LE, Lim RYH. On the asymmetric partitioning of nucleocytoplasmic transport - recent insights and open questions. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:239102. [PMID: 33912945 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular cargoes are asymmetrically partitioned in the nucleus or cytoplasm by nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT). At the center of this activity lies the nuclear pore complex (NPC), through which soluble factors circulate to orchestrate NCT. These include cargo-carrying importin and exportin receptors from the β-karyopherin (Kapβ) family and the small GTPase Ran, which switches between guanosine triphosphate (GTP)- and guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound forms to regulate cargo delivery and compartmentalization. Ongoing efforts have shed considerable light on how these soluble factors traverse the NPC permeability barrier to sustain NCT. However, this does not explain how importins and exportins are partitioned in the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively, nor how a steep RanGTP-RanGDP gradient is maintained across the nuclear envelope. In this Review, we peel away the multiple layers of control that regulate NCT and juxtapose unresolved features against known aspects of NPC function. Finally, we discuss how NPCs might function synergistically with Kapβs, cargoes and Ran to establish the asymmetry of NCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kalita
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel CH4056, Switzerland
| | - Larisa E Kapinos
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel CH4056, Switzerland
| | - Roderick Y H Lim
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel CH4056, Switzerland
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25
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The RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO complex gates β-arrestin2 nuclear entry to regulate the Mdm2-p53 signaling axis. Oncogene 2021; 40:2243-2257. [PMID: 33649538 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mdm2 antagonizes the tumor suppressor p53. Targeting the Mdm2-p53 interaction represents an attractive approach for the treatment of cancers with functional p53. Investigating mechanisms underlying Mdm2-p53 regulation is therefore important. The scaffold protein β-arrestin2 (β-arr2) regulates tumor suppressor p53 by counteracting Mdm2. β-arr2 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling displaces Mdm2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm resulting in enhanced p53 signaling. β-arr2 is constitutively exported from the nucleus, via a nuclear export signal, but mechanisms regulating its nuclear entry are not completely elucidated. β-arr2 can be SUMOylated, but no information is available on how SUMO may regulate β-arr2 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. While we found β-arr2 SUMOylation to be dispensable for nuclear import, we identified a non-covalent interaction between SUMO and β-arr2, via a SUMO interaction motif (SIM), that is required for β-arr2 cytonuclear trafficking. This SIM promotes association of β-arr2 with the multimolecular RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO nucleocytoplasmic transport hub that resides on the cytoplasmic filaments of the nuclear pore complex. Depletion of RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO levels result in defective β-arr2 nuclear entry. Mutation of the SIM inhibits β-arr2 nuclear import, its ability to delocalize Mdm2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and enhanced p53 signaling in lung and breast tumor cell lines. Thus, a β-arr2 SIM nuclear entry checkpoint, coupled with active β-arr2 nuclear export, regulates its cytonuclear trafficking function to control the Mdm2-p53 signaling axis.
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26
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Srivastava M, Sadanandom A, Srivastava AK. Towards understanding the multifaceted role of SUMOylation in plant growth and development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:77-85. [PMID: 32880960 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a critical role in regulating plant growth and development through the modulation of protein functionality and its interaction with its partners. Analysis of the functional implication of PTMs on plant cellular signalling presents grand challenges in understanding their significance. Proteins decorated or modified with another chemical group or polypeptide play a significant role in regulating physiological processes as compared with non-decorated or non-modified proteins. In the past decade, SUMOylation has been emerging as a potent PTM influencing the adaptability of plants to growth, in response to various environmental cues. Deciphering the SUMO-mediated regulation of plant stress responses and its consequences is required to understand the mechanism underneath. Here, we will discuss the recent advances in the role and significance of SUMOylation in plant growth, development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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27
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González-Prieto R, Eifler-Olivi K, Claessens LA, Willemstein E, Xiao Z, Talavera Ormeno CMP, Ovaa H, Ulrich HD, Vertegaal ACO. Global non-covalent SUMO interaction networks reveal SUMO-dependent stabilization of the non-homologous end joining complex. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108691. [PMID: 33503430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to our extensive knowledge on covalent small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) target proteins, we are limited in our understanding of non-covalent SUMO-binding proteins. We identify interactors of different SUMO isoforms-monomeric SUMO1, monomeric SUMO2, or linear trimeric SUMO2 chains-using a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach. We identify 379 proteins that bind to different SUMO isoforms, mainly in a preferential manner. Interestingly, XRCC4 is the only DNA repair protein in our screen with a preference for SUMO2 trimers over mono-SUMO2, as well as the only protein in our screen that belongs to the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA double-strand break repair pathway. A SUMO interaction motif (SIM) in XRCC4 regulates its recruitment to sites of DNA damage and phosphorylation of S320 by DNA-PKcs. Our data highlight the importance of non-covalent and covalent sumoylation for DNA double-strand break repair via the NHEJ pathway and provide a resource of SUMO isoform interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román González-Prieto
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Karolin Eifler-Olivi
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura A Claessens
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Willemstein
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cami M P Talavera Ormeno
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Helle D Ulrich
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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28
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Lu W, Wang Q, Xu C, Yuan H, Fan Q, Chen B, Cai R, Wu D, Xu M. SUMOylation is essential for Sirt2 tumor-suppressor function in neuroblastoma. Neoplasia 2020; 23:129-139. [PMID: 33316537 PMCID: PMC7736920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification that participates in a variety of cellular physiological and pathological processes in eukaryotic cells. Sirt2, a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, usually exerts a tumor-suppressor function. However, the role of SUMOylation in cancer cells is not fully known. In this study, we found that SUMOylation can occur in the Sirt2 protein at both lysine 183 and lysine 340 sites. SUMOylation did not affect Sirt2 localization or stability but was involved in P38-mTORC2-AKT cellular signal transduction via direct deacetylation on a new substrate MAPK/P38. SUMOylation-deficient Sirt2 lost the capability of suppressing tumor processes and showed resistance to the Sirt2-specific inhibitor AK-7 in neuroblastoma cells. Here, we revealed the important function of Sirt2-SUMOylation, which is closely associated with cellular signal transduction and is essential for suppressing tumorigenesis in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmei Lu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ci Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Biying Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Cai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Nagi K, Kaur S, Bai Y, Shenoy SK. In-frame fusion of SUMO1 enhances βarrestin2's association with activated GPCRs as well as with nuclear pore complexes. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109759. [PMID: 32860951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) conjugation or SUMOylation of βarrestin2 promotes its association with the clathrin adaptor protein AP2 and facilitates rapid β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) internalization. However, disruption of the consensus SUMOylation site in βarrestin2, did not prevent βarrestin2's association with activated β2ARs, dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs), angiotensin type 1a receptors (AT1aRs) and V2 vasopressin receptors (V2Rs). To address the role of SUMOylation in the trafficking of βarrestin and GPCR complexes, we generated and characterized a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) tagged βarrestin2-SUMO1 chimeric protein, which is resistant to de-SUMOylation. In HEK-293 cells, YFP-SUMO1 predominantly localized in the nucleus, whereas YFP-βarrestin2 is cytoplasmic. YFP-βarrestin2-SUMO1 in addition to being cytoplasmic, is localized at the nuclear membrane. Nonetheless, βarrestin2-SUMO1 associated robustly with agonist-activated β2ARs as evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). βarrestin2-SUMO1 associated strongly with the D2R, which forms transient complexes with βarrestin2. But, βarrestin2-SUMO1 and βarrestin2 showed equivalent binding with the V2R, which forms stable complexes with βarrestin2. βarrestin2 expression level directly correlated with the steady state levels of the unmodified form of RanGAP1, which upon SUMOylation associates with nuclear membrane. On the other hand, βarrestin2-SUMO1 not only localized at the nuclear membrane, but also formed a macromolecular complex with RanGAP1. Taken together, our data suggest that SUMOylation of βarrestin2 promotes its protein interactions at both cell and nuclear membranes. Furthermore, βarrestin2-SUMO1 presents as a useful tool to characterize βarrestin2 recruitment to GPCRs, which form transient and unstable complex with βarrestin2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Nagi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Suneet Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yushi Bai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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30
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Nielsen E. The Small GTPase Superfamily in Plants: A Conserved Regulatory Module with Novel Functions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:247-272. [PMID: 32442390 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-112619-025827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Small GTP-binding proteins represent a highly conserved signaling module in eukaryotes that regulates diverse cellular processes such as signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization and cell polarity, cell proliferation and differentiation, intracellular membrane trafficking and transport vesicle formation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. These proteins function as molecular switches that cycle between active and inactive states, and this cycle is linked to GTP binding and hydrolysis. In this review, the roles of the plant complement of small GTP-binding proteins in these cellular processes are described, as well as accessory proteins that control their activity, and current understanding of the functions of individual members of these families in plants-with a focus on the model organism Arabidopsis-is presented. Some potential novel roles of these GTPases in plants, relative to their established roles in yeast and/or animal systems, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
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31
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Hutten S, Dormann D. Nucleocytoplasmic transport defects in neurodegeneration — Cause or consequence? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 99:151-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Moore S, Rabichow BE, Sattler R. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking in Neurodegeneration. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1306-1327. [PMID: 32086712 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread nature of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking defects and protein accumulation suggests distinct yet overlapping mechanisms in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Detailed understanding of the cellular pathways involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport and its dysregulation are essential for elucidating neurodegenerative pathogenesis and pinpointing potential areas for therapeutic intervention. The transport of cargos from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is generally regulated by the structure and function of the nuclear pore as well as the karyopherin α/β, importin, exportin, and mRNA export mechanisms. The disruption of these crucial transport mechanisms has been extensively described in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. One common theme in neurodegeneration is the cytoplasmic aggregation of proteins, including nuclear RNA binding proteins, repeat expansion associated gene products, and tau. These cytoplasmic aggregations are partly a consequence of failed nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery, but can also further disrupt transport, creating cyclical feed-forward mechanisms that exacerbate neurodegeneration. Here we describe the canonical mechanisms that regulate nucleocytoplasmic trafficking as well as how these mechanisms falter in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Moore
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin E Rabichow
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Rita Sattler
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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33
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Wesalo JS, Luo J, Morihiro K, Liu J, Deiters A. Phosphine-Activated Lysine Analogues for Fast Chemical Control of Protein Subcellular Localization and Protein SUMOylation. Chembiochem 2020; 21:141-148. [PMID: 31664790 PMCID: PMC6980333 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Staudinger reduction and its variants have exceptional compatibility with live cells but can be limited by slow kinetics. Herein we report new small-molecule triggers that turn on proteins through a Staudinger reduction/self-immolation cascade with substantially improved kinetics and yields. We achieved this through site-specific incorporation of a new set of azidobenzyloxycarbonyl lysine derivatives in mammalian cells. This approach allowed us to activate proteins by adding a nontoxic, bioorthogonal phosphine trigger. We applied this methodology to control a post-translational modification (SUMOylation) in live cells, using native modification machinery. This work significantly improves the rate, yield, and tunability of the Staudinger reduction-based activation, paving the way for its application in other proteins and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Wesalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)
| | - Ji Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)
| | - Kunihiko Morihiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)
| | - Jihe Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)
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34
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Habibullah BI, Tripathi V, Surana P, Das R. Monitoring protein ubiquitination and SUMOylation in real-time by NMR. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6735-6738. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new tag-free method detects ubiquitination and SUMOylation of proteins in real time by NMR under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasvi Tripathi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences
- Bengaluru-560065
- India
| | - Parag Surana
- National Centre for Biological Sciences
- Bengaluru-560065
- India
| | - Ranabir Das
- National Centre for Biological Sciences
- Bengaluru-560065
- India
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35
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Cabrita MA, Renart LI, Lau R, Pratt MAC. Intrinsically Disordered SRC-3/AIB1 Protein Undergoes Homeostatic Nuclear Extrusion by Nuclear Budding While Ectopic Expression Induces Nucleophagy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101278. [PMID: 31635050 PMCID: PMC6830083 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SRC-3/AIB1 (Amplified in Breast Cancer-1) is a nuclear receptor coactivator for the estrogen receptor in breast cancer cells. It is also an intrinsically disordered protein when not engaged with transcriptional binding partners and degraded upon transcriptional coactivation. Given the amplified expression of SRC-3 in breast cancers, the objective of this study was to determine how increasing SRC-3 protein levels are regulated in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We found that endogenous SRC-3 was expelled from the nucleus in vesicle-like spheres under normal growth conditions suggesting that this form of nuclear exclusion of SRC-3 is a homeostatic mechanism for regulating nuclear SRC-3 protein. Only SRC-3 not associated with CREB-binding protein (CBP) was extruded from the nucleus. We found that overexpression in MCF-7 cells results in aneuploid senescence and cell death with frequent formation of nuclear aggregates which were consistently juxtaposed to perinuclear microtubules. Transfected SRC-3 was SUMOylated and caused redistribution of nuclear promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies and perturbation of the nuclear membrane lamin B1, hallmarks of nucleophagy. Increased SRC-3 protein-induced autophagy and resulted in SUMO-1 localization to the nuclear membrane and formation of protrusions variously containing SRC-3 and chromatin. Aspects of SRC-3 overexpression and toxicity were recapitulated following treatment with clinically relevant agents that stabilize SRC-3 in breast cancer cells. We conclude that amplified SRC-3 levels have major impacts on nuclear protein quality control pathways and may mark cancer cells for sensitivity to protein stabilizing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Cabrita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - L Isabel Renart
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rosanna Lau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - M A Christine Pratt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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36
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Hampoelz B, Schwarz A, Ronchi P, Bragulat-Teixidor H, Tischer C, Gaspar I, Ephrussi A, Schwab Y, Beck M. Nuclear Pores Assemble from Nucleoporin Condensates During Oogenesis. Cell 2019; 179:671-686.e17. [PMID: 31626769 PMCID: PMC6838685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The molecular events that direct nuclear pore complex (NPC) assembly toward nuclear envelopes have been conceptualized in two pathways that occur during mitosis or interphase, respectively. In gametes and embryonic cells, NPCs also occur within stacked cytoplasmic membrane sheets, termed annulate lamellae (AL), which serve as NPC storage for early development. The mechanism of NPC biogenesis at cytoplasmic membranes remains unknown. Here, we show that during Drosophila oogenesis, Nucleoporins condense into different precursor granules that interact and progress into NPCs. Nup358 is a key player that condenses into NPC assembly platforms while its mRNA localizes to their surface in a translation-dependent manner. In concert, Microtubule-dependent transport, the small GTPase Ran and nuclear transport receptors regulate NPC biogenesis in oocytes. We delineate a non-canonical NPC assembly mechanism that relies on Nucleoporin condensates and occurs away from the nucleus under conditions of cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Hampoelz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Andre Schwarz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany; Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Tischer
- Center for Bioimage Analysis, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Imre Gaspar
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Developmental Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Ephrussi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Developmental Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick Schwab
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Beck
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
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37
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Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate nucleocytoplasmic exchange. They are exceptionally large protein complexes that fuse the inner and outer nuclear membranes to form channels across the nuclear envelope. About 30 different protein components, termed nucleoporins, assemble in multiple copies into an intricate cylindrical architecture. Here, we review our current knowledge of the structure of nucleoporins and how those come together in situ. We delineate architectural principles on several hierarchical organization levels, including isoforms, posttranslational modifications, nucleoporins, and higher-order oligomerization of nucleoporin subcomplexes. We discuss how cells exploit this modularity to faithfully assemble NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Hampoelz
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; , ,
| | - Amparo Andres-Pons
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; , , .,Current affiliation: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Panagiotis Kastritis
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; , , .,Current affiliation: ZIK HALOmem, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Beck
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; , , .,Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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38
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Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) serves as the sole bidirectional gateway of macromolecules in and out of the nucleus. Owing to its size and complexity (∼1,000 protein subunits, ∼110 MDa in humans), the NPC has remained one of the foremost challenges for structure determination. Structural studies have now provided atomic-resolution crystal structures of most nucleoporins. The acquisition of these structures, combined with biochemical reconstitution experiments, cross-linking mass spectrometry, and cryo-electron tomography, has facilitated the determination of the near-atomic overall architecture of the symmetric core of the human, fungal, and algal NPCs. Here, we discuss the insights gained from these new advances and outstanding issues regarding NPC structure and function. The powerful combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches toward determining the structure of the NPC offers a paradigm for uncovering the architectures of other complex biological machines to near-atomic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Lin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA;
| | - André Hoelz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA;
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39
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Dworak N, Makosa D, Chatterjee M, Jividen K, Yang CS, Snow C, Simke WC, Johnson IG, Kelley JB, Paschal BM. A nuclear lamina-chromatin-Ran GTPase axis modulates nuclear import and DNA damage signaling. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12851. [PMID: 30565836 PMCID: PMC6351833 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ran GTPase regulates nuclear import and export by controlling the assembly state of transport complexes. This involves the direct action of RanGTP, which is generated in the nucleus by the chromatin‐associated nucleotide exchange factor, RCC1. Ran interactions with RCC1 contribute to formation of a nuclear:cytoplasmic (N:C) Ran protein gradient in interphase cells. In previous work, we showed that the Ran protein gradient is disrupted in fibroblasts from Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) patients. The Ran gradient disruption in these cells is caused by nuclear membrane association of a mutant form of Lamin A, which induces a global reduction in heterochromatin marked with Histone H3K9me3 and Histone H3K27me3. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that heterochromatin controls the Ran gradient. Chemical inhibition and depletion of the histone methyltransferases (HMTs) G9a and GLP in normal human fibroblasts reduced heterochromatin levels and caused disruption of the Ran gradient, comparable to that observed previously in HGPS fibroblasts. HMT inhibition caused a defect in nuclear localization of TPR, a high molecular weight protein that, owing to its large size, displays a Ran‐dependent import defect in HGPS. We reasoned that pathways dependent on nuclear import of large proteins might be compromised in HGPS. We found that nuclear import of ATM requires the Ran gradient, and disruption of the Ran gradient in HGPS causes a defect in generating nuclear γ‐H2AX in response to ionizing radiation. Our data suggest a lamina–chromatin–Ran axis is important for nuclear transport regulation and contributes to the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Dworak
- Center for Cell Signaling; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Dawid Makosa
- Center for Cell Signaling; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Mandovi Chatterjee
- Center for Cell Signaling; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Kasey Jividen
- Center for Cell Signaling; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Chun-Song Yang
- Center for Cell Signaling; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Chelsi Snow
- Center for Cell Signaling; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
| | - William C. Simke
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences; University of Maine; Orono Maine
| | - Isaac G. Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences; University of Maine; Orono Maine
| | - Joshua B. Kelley
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences; University of Maine; Orono Maine
| | - Bryce M. Paschal
- Center for Cell Signaling; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
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40
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Sun S. Deciphering the SUMO code in the kidney. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:711-719. [PMID: 30506859 PMCID: PMC6349152 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation of proteins is an important regulatory element in modulating protein function and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, brain injuries, diabetes, and familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Growing evidence has pointed to a significant role of SUMO in kidney diseases such as DN, RCC, nephritis, AKI, hypertonic stress and nephrolithiasis. Recently, emerging studies in podocytes demonstrated that SUMO might have a protective role against podocyte apoptosis. However, the SUMO code responsible for beneficial outcome in the kidney remains to be decrypted. Our recent experiments have revealed that the expression of both SUMO and SUMOylated proteins is appreciably elevated in hypoxia‐induced tubular epithelial cells (TECs) as well as in the unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) mouse model, suggesting a role of SUMO in TECs injury and renal fibrosis. In this review, we attempt to decipher the SUMO code in the development of kidney diseases by summarizing the defined function of SUMO and looking forward to the potential role of SUMO in kidney diseases, especially in the pathology of renal fibrosis and CKD, with the goal of developing strategies that maximize correct interpretation in clinical therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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41
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Trinh LA, Chong-Morrison V, Sauka-Spengler T. Biotagging, an in vivo biotinylation approach for cell-type specific subcellular profiling in zebrafish. Methods 2018; 150:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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42
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Stankova T, Piepkorn L, Bayer TA, Jahn O, Tirard M. SUMO1-conjugation is altered during normal aging but not by increased amyloid burden. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12760. [PMID: 29633471 PMCID: PMC6052395 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A proper equilibrium of post-translational protein modifications is essential for normal cell physiology, and alteration in these processes is key in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Recently, for instance, alteration in protein SUMOylation has been linked to amyloid pathology. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the role of protein SUMOylation during aging and increased amyloid burden in vivo using a His6 -HA-SUMO1 knock-in mouse in the 5XFAD model of Alzheimer's disease. Interestingly, we did not observe any alteration in the levels of SUMO1-conjugation related to Alzheimer's disease. SUMO1 conjugates remained localized to neuronal nuclei upon increased amyloid burden and during aging and were not detected in amyloid plaques. Surprisingly however, we observed age-related alterations in global levels of SUMO1 conjugation and at the level of individual substrates using quantitative proteomic analysis. The identified SUMO1 candidate substrates are dominantly nuclear proteins, mainly involved in RNA processing. Our findings open novel directions of research for studying a functional link between SUMOylation and its role in guarding nuclear functions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trayana Stankova
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
| | - Lars Piepkorn
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Proteomics Group; Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas A. Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG); Göttingen Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Proteomics Group; Göttingen Germany
| | - Marilyn Tirard
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
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43
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Huber S, Karagenc T, Ritler D, Rottenberg S, Woods K. Identification and characterisation of a Theileria annulata proline-rich microtubule and SH3 domain-interacting protein (TaMISHIP) that forms a complex with CLASP1, EB1, and CD2AP at the schizont surface. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12838. [PMID: 29520916 PMCID: PMC6033098 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Theileria annulata is an apicomplexan parasite that modifies the phenotype of its host cell completely, inducing uncontrolled proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and increased invasiveness. The infected cell thus resembles a cancer cell, and changes to various host cell signalling pathways accompany transformation. Most of the molecular mechanisms leading to Theileria-induced immortalization of leukocytes remain unknown. The parasite dissolves the surrounding host cell membrane soon after invasion and starts interacting with host proteins, ensuring its propagation by stably associating with the host cell microtubule network. By using BioID technology together with fluorescence microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation, we identified a CLASP1/CD2AP/EB1-containing protein complex that surrounds the schizont throughout the host cell cycle and integrates bovine adaptor proteins (CIN85, 14-3-3 epsilon, and ASAP1). This complex also includes the schizont membrane protein Ta-p104 together with a novel secreted T. annulata protein (encoded by TA20980), which we term microtubule and SH3 domain-interacting protein (TaMISHIP). TaMISHIP localises to the schizont surface and contains a functional EB1-binding SxIP motif, as well as functional SH3 domain-binding Px(P/A)xPR motifs that mediate its interaction with CD2AP. Upon overexpression in non-infected bovine macrophages, TaMISHIP causes binucleation, potentially indicative of a role in cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Huber
- Institute for Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Tulin Karagenc
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAdnan Menderes UniversityAydinTurkey
| | - Dominic Ritler
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute for Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Kerry Woods
- Institute for Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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44
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Ficulle E, Sufian MDS, Tinelli C, Corbo M, Feligioni M. Aging-related SUMOylation pattern in the cortex and blood plasma of wild type mice. Neurosci Lett 2018; 668:48-54. [PMID: 29325714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein activities and mechanisms related to aging has become a growing interest nowadays. Since SUMOylation is implicated in several cellular processes, its investigation related to senescence, aging and frailty is of high interest. In our study, wild type mice cortical lysates, synaptosomes and plasma have been processed to evaluate SUMOylation and SUMO machinery expression (Ubc9 and SENP1 enzymes) profile at different ages. In cortical lysates, SUMO-1ylation reached a peak at 6 months followed by a decrease; while in synaptosomes, it progressively increased till 18 months. Regarding SUMO-2/3ylation, it was observed a similar trend in both lysate and synaptosomes where the protein conjugation was the highest at 6 months but interestingly decreased afterwards. In addition, Ubc9 and SENP1 enzymes showed a linear increased expression level in both brain preparations. Since SUMOylation process is ubiquitously expressed, we were interested to identify SUMO conjugation at peripheral level too. Thus, SUMO-1ylation and SUMO-2/3ylation expression level has been detected in mouse plasma that revealed an inverted U-shaped curve trend during mice lifespan. Surprisingly, SENP1 enzyme was not present in the plasma while Ubc9 enzyme reached a plateau at 6 months and was highly expressed till 18 months. In conclusion, our data indicates that SUMOylation is highly correlated with age-related processes which indisputably need to be considered for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ficulle
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Translational Medicine, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - M D Shah Sufian
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Translational Medicine, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - C Tinelli
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - M Corbo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Translational Medicine, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - M Feligioni
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Translational Medicine, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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45
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Matunis MJ, Rodriguez MS. Concepts and Methodologies to Study Protein SUMOylation: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1475:3-22. [PMID: 27631794 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6358-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein modification by the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) was simultaneously discovered by several groups at the middle of the 1990s. Although distinct names were proposed including Sentrin, GMP1, PIC1, or SMT3, SUMO became the most popular. Early studies on the functions of SUMOylation focused on activities in the nucleus, including transcription activation, chromatin structure, and DNA repair. However, it is now recognized that SUMOylation affects a large diversity of cellular processes both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm and functions of SUMOylation appear to have undefined limits. SUMO-conjugating enzymes and specific proteases actively regulate the modification status of target proteins. The recent discoveries of ubiquitin-SUMO hybrid chains, multiple SUMO-interacting motifs, and macromolecular complexes regulated by SUMOylation underscore the high complexity of this dynamic reversible system. New conceptual frameworks suggested by these findings have motivated the development of new methodologies to study pre- and post-SUMOylation events in vitro and in vivo, using distinct model organisms. Here we summarize some of the new developments and methodologies in the field, particularly those that will be further elaborated on in the chapters integrating this book.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Matunis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe St., Room W8118, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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46
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Komiya M, Ito A, Endo M, Hiruma D, Hattori M, Saitoh H, Yoshida M, Ozawa T. A genetic screen to discover SUMOylated proteins in living mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17443. [PMID: 29234079 PMCID: PMC5727073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification by the Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO) is indispensable for diverse biological mechanisms. Although various attempts have been made to discover novel SUMO substrate proteins to unveil the roles of SUMOylation, the reversibility of SUMOylation, and the differences in the SUMOylation level still makes it difficult to explore infrequently-SUMOylated proteins in mammalian cells. Here, we developed a method to screen for mammalian SUMOylated proteins using the reconstitution of split fluorescent protein fragments in living mammalian cells. Briefly, the cells harboring cDNAs of SUMOylated proteins were identified by the reconstituted fluorescence emission and separated by cell sorting. The method successfully identified 36 unreported SUMO2-substrate candidates with distinct intracellular localizations and functions. Of the candidates, we found Atac2, a histone acetyltransferase, was SUMOylated at a lysine 408, and further modified by multiple SUMOs without isoform specificity. Because the present method is applicable to other SUMO isoforms and mammalian cell-types, it could contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of SUMOylation in various biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Komiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mizuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hiruma
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hattori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, The Institute of Scientific & Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisato Saitoh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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47
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Liu L, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Han Y, Coupland G, Jin JB, Searle I, Fu YF, Chen F. Two SUMO Proteases SUMO PROTEASE RELATED TO FERTILITY1 and 2 Are Required for Fertility in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1703-1719. [PMID: 29066667 PMCID: PMC5717720 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the posttranslational modification small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is involved in regulating several important developmental and cellular processes, including flowering time control and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we report two proteases, SUMO PROTEASE RELATED TO FERTILITY1 (SPF1) and SPF2, that regulate male and female gamete and embryo development and remove SUMO from proteins in vitro and in vivo. spf1 mutants exhibit abnormal floral structures and embryo development, while spf2 mutants exhibit largely a wild-type phenotype. However, spf1 spf2 double mutants exhibit severe abnormalities in microgametogenesis, megagametogenesis, and embryo development, suggesting that the two genes are functionally redundant. Mutation of SPF1 and SPF2 genes also results in misexpression of generative- and embryo-specific genes. In vitro, SPF1 and SPF2 process SUMO1 precursors into a mature form, and as expected in vivo, spf1 and spf2 mutants accumulate SUMO conjugates. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified EMBRYO SAC DEVELOPMENT ARREST9 (EDA9) as an SPF1-interacting protein. In vivo, we demonstrate that EDA9 is sumolyated and that, in spf1 mutants, EDA9-SUMO conjugates increase in abundance, demonstrating that EDA9 is a substrate of SPF1. Together, our results demonstrate that SPF1 and SPF2 are two SUMO proteases important for plant development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpo Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, 100094 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jiang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, 100094 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 100097 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Han
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, 100094 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jing Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Iain Searle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Yong-Fu Fu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulu Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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48
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Fu G, Tu LC, Zilman A, Musser SM. Investigating molecular crowding within nuclear pores using polarization-PALM. eLife 2017; 6:e28716. [PMID: 28949296 PMCID: PMC5693140 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The key component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) controlling permeability, selectivity, and the speed of nucleocytoplasmic transport is an assembly of natively unfolded polypeptides, which contain phenylalanine-glycine (FG) binding sites for nuclear transport receptors. The architecture and dynamics of the FG-network have been refractory to characterization due to the paucity of experimental methods able to probe the mobility and density of the FG-polypeptides and embedded macromolecules within intact NPCs. Combining fluorescence polarization, super-resolution microscopy, and mathematical analyses, we examined the rotational mobility of fluorescent probes at various locations within the FG-network under different conditions. We demonstrate that polarization PALM (p-PALM) provides a rich source of information about low rotational mobilities that are inaccessible with bulk fluorescence anisotropy approaches, and anticipate that p-PALM is well-suited to explore numerous crowded cellular environments. In total, our findings indicate that the NPC's internal organization consists of multiple dynamic environments with different local properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Fu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of MedicineThe Texas A&M University Health Science CenterCollege StationUnited States
| | - Li-Chun Tu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of MedicineThe Texas A&M University Health Science CenterCollege StationUnited States
| | - Anton Zilman
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Siegfried M Musser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of MedicineThe Texas A&M University Health Science CenterCollege StationUnited States
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Gilistro E, de Turris V, Damizia M, Verrico A, Moroni S, De Santis R, Rosa A, Lavia P. Importin-β and CRM1 control a RANBP2 spatiotemporal switch essential for mitotic kinetochore function. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2564-2578. [PMID: 28600321 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.197905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein conjugation with small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is a post-translational modification that modulates protein interactions and localisation. RANBP2 is a large nucleoporin endowed with SUMO E3 ligase and SUMO-stabilising activity, and is implicated in some cancer types. RANBP2 is part of a larger complex, consisting of SUMO-modified RANGAP1, the GTP-hydrolysis activating factor for the GTPase RAN. During mitosis, the RANBP2-SUMO-RANGAP1 complex localises to the mitotic spindle and to kinetochores after microtubule attachment. Here, we address the mechanisms that regulate this localisation and how they affect kinetochore functions. Using proximity ligation assays, we find that nuclear transport receptors importin-β and CRM1 play essential roles in localising the RANBP2-SUMO-RANGAP1 complex away from, or at kinetochores, respectively. Using newly generated inducible cell lines, we show that overexpression of nuclear transport receptors affects the timing of RANBP2 localisation in opposite ways. Concomitantly, kinetochore functions are also affected, including the accumulation of SUMO-conjugated topoisomerase-IIα and stability of kinetochore fibres. These results delineate a novel mechanism through which nuclear transport receptors govern the functional state of kinetochores by regulating the timely deposition of RANBP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gilistro
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), ℅ Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Life Nanoscience@Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Damizia
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), ℅ Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), ℅ Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Moroni
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), ℅ Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo De Santis
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Life Nanoscience@Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Life Nanoscience@Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), ℅ Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
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50
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The balance between induction and inhibition of mevalonate pathway regulates cancer suppression by statins: A review of molecular mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:273-285. [PMID: 28668359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Statins are widely used drugs for their role in decreasing cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients. Statins through inhibition of Hydroxy Methyl Glutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR), the main enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, inhibit mevalonate pathway that provides isoprenoids for prenylation of different proteins such as Ras superfamily which has an essential role in cancer developing. Inhibition of the mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway is the cause of the cholesterol independent effects of statins or pleotropic effects. Depending on their penetrance into the extra-hepatic cells, statins have different effects on mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway. Lipophilic statins diffuse into all cells and hydrophilic ones use a variety of membrane transporters to gain access to cells other than hepatocytes. It has been suggested that the lower accessibility of statins for extra-hepatic tissues may result in the compensatory induction of mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway and so cancer developing. However, most of the population-based studies have demonstrated that statins have no effect on cancer developing, even decrease the risk of different types of cancer. In this review we focus on the cancer developing "potentials" and the anti-cancer "activities" of statins regarding the effects of statins on mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway in the liver and extra-hepatic tissues.
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