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Datta C, Das P, Swaroop S, Bhattacharjee A. Rac1 plays a crucial role in MCP-1-induced monocyte adhesion and migration. Cell Immunol 2024; 401-402:104843. [PMID: 38905771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Monocyte migration is an important process in inflammation and atherogenesis. Identification of the key signalling pathways that regulate monocyte migration can provide prospective targets for prophylactic treatments in inflammatory diseases. Previous research showed that the focal adhesion kinase Pyk2, Src kinase and MAP kinases play an important role in MCP-1-induced monocyte migration. In this study, we demonstrate that MCP-1 induces iPLA2 activity, which is regulated by PKCβ and affects downstream activation of Rac1 and Pyk2. Rac1 interacts directly with iPLA2 and Pyk2, and plays a crucial role in MCP-1-mediated monocyte migration by modulating downstream Pyk2 and p38 MAPK activation. Furthermore, Rac1 is necessary for cell spreading and F-actin polymerization during monocyte adhesion to fibronectin. Finally, we provide evidence that Rac1 controls the secretion of inflammatory mediator vimentin from MCP-1-stimulated monocytes. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the PKCβ/iPLA2/Rac1/Pyk2/p38 MAPK signalling cascade is essential for MCP-1-induced monocyte adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandreyee Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur-713209, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradip Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur-713209, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Surbhi Swaroop
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur-713209, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur-713209, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Bollain-y-Goytia JJ, Torres-Del-muro FDJ, Hernández-Martínez SP, Avalos-Díaz E, Herrera-Esparza R. suPAR and WT1 modify the adhesion of podocytes and are related to proteinuria in class IV lupus nephritis. J Transl Autoimmun 2023; 7:100216. [PMID: 37868110 PMCID: PMC10587709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lupus nephritis (LN) affects up to 60 % of the patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and renal damage progression is associated with proteinuria, caused in part by the integrity of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and by podocyte injury. The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) have been related to podocyte effacement and consequently with proteinuria which raises questions about its pathogenic role in LN. Objective Define whether suPAR levels and WT1 expression influence in podocyte anchorage destabilization in LN class IV. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study of cases and controls. We studied patients with SLE without renal involvement (n = 12), SLE and LN class IV with proteinuria ≤0.5 g/24 h (n = 12), LN class IV with proteinuria ≥0.5 g/24 h (n = 12) and compared them with renal tissue control (CR) (n = 12) and control sera (CS) (n = 12). The CR was integrated by cadaveric samples without SLE or renal involvement and the CS was integrated by healthy participants. The expression and cellular localization of WT1, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), ac-α-tubulin, vimentin, and β3-integrin was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The concentration of suPAR in serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In patients with LN, the activation of anchoring proteins was increased, such as podocyte β3-integrin, as well as the acetylation of alpha-acetyl-tubulin and uPAR, in contrast to the decrease in vimentin; interestingly, the cellular localization of WT1 was cytoplasmic and the number of podocytes per glomerulus decreased. The concentrations of suPAR was increased in patients with LN. Conclusion The destabilization of podocyte anchorage modulated by β3-integrin activation, and tubulin acetylation, associated with decreased WT1 cytoplasmic expression, and increased suPAR levels could be involved in kidney damage in patients with LN class IV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Esperanza Avalos-Díaz
- Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Department of Immunology, UACB. Guadalupe, Zacatecas, 98615, Mexico
| | - Rafael Herrera-Esparza
- Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Department of Immunology, UACB. Guadalupe, Zacatecas, 98615, Mexico
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3
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Hernández-Toledano DS, Vega L. Methylated dialkylphosphate metabolites of the organophosphate pesticide malathion modify actin cytoskeleton arrangement and cell migration via activation of Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110593. [PMID: 37270087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The non-cholinergic molecular targets of organophosphate (OP) compounds have recently been investigated to explain their role in the generation of non-neurological diseases, such as immunotoxicity and cancer. Here, we evaluated the effects of malathion and its dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites on the cytoskeleton components and organization of RAW264.7 murine macrophages as non-cholinergic targets of OP and DAPs toxicity. All OP compounds affected actin and tubulin polymerization. Malathion, dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP) dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), and dimethylphosphate (DMP) induced elongated morphologies and the formation of pseudopods rich in microtubule structures, and increased filopodia formation and general actin disorganization in RAW264.7 cells and slightly reduced stress fibers in the human fibroblasts GM03440, without significantly disrupting the tubulin or vimentin cytoskeleton. Exposure to DMTP and DMP increased cell migration in the wound healing assay but did not affect phagocytosis, indicating a very specific modification in the organization of the cytoskeleton. The induction of actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell migration suggested the activation of cytoskeletal regulators such as small GTPases. We found that DMP slightly reduced Ras homolog family member A activity but increased the activities of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42) from 5 min to 2 h of exposure. Chemical inhibition of Rac1 with NSC23766 reduced cell polarization and treatment with DMP enhanced cell migration, but Cdc42 inhibition by ML-141 completely inhibited the effects of DMP. These results suggest that methylated OP compounds, especially DMP, can modify macrophage cytoskeleton function and configuration via activation of Cdc42, which may represent a potential non-cholinergic molecular target for OP compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sebastián Hernández-Toledano
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Libia Vega
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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4
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Rajan S, Kudryashov DS, Reisler E. Actin Bundles Dynamics and Architecture. Biomolecules 2023; 13:450. [PMID: 36979385 PMCID: PMC10046292 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells use the actin cytoskeleton for many of their functions, including their division, adhesion, mechanosensing, endo- and phagocytosis, migration, and invasion. Actin bundles are the main constituent of actin-rich structures involved in these processes. An ever-increasing number of proteins that crosslink actin into bundles or regulate their morphology is being identified in cells. With recent advances in high-resolution microscopy and imaging techniques, the complex process of bundles formation and the multiple forms of physiological bundles are beginning to be better understood. Here, we review the physiochemical and biological properties of four families of highly conserved and abundant actin-bundling proteins, namely, α-actinin, fimbrin/plastin, fascin, and espin. We describe the similarities and differences between these proteins, their role in the formation of physiological actin bundles, and their properties-both related and unrelated to their bundling abilities. We also review some aspects of the general mechanism of actin bundles formation, which are known from the available information on the activity of the key actin partners involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepa Rajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dmitri S. Kudryashov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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5
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Vimentin-Induced Disruption of Cell-Cell Associations Augments Breast Cancer Cell Migration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244035. [PMID: 36552797 PMCID: PMC9776984 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In advanced metastatic cancers with reduced patient survival and poor prognosis, expression of vimentin, a type III intermediate filament protein is frequently observed. Vimentin appears to suppress epithelial characteristics and augments cell migration but the molecular basis for these changes is not well understood. Here, we have ectopically expressed vimentin in MCF-7 and investigated its genomic and functional implications. Vimentin changed the cell shape by decreasing major axis, major axis angle and increased cell migration, without affecting proliferation. Vimentin downregulated major keratin genes KRT8, KRT18 and KRT19. Transcriptome-coupled GO and KEGG analyses revealed that vimentin-affected genes were linked to either cell-cell/cell-ECM or cell cycle/proliferation specific pathways. Using shRNA mediated knockdown of vimentin in two cell types; MCF-7FV (ectopically expressing) and MDA-MB-231 (endogenously expressing), we identified a vimentin-specific signature consisting of 13 protein encoding genes (CDH5, AXL, PTPRM, TGFBI, CDH10, NES, E2F1, FOXM1, CDC45, FSD1, BCL2, KIF26A and WISP2) and two long non-coding RNAs, LINC00052 and C15ORF9-AS1. CDH5, an endothelial cadherin, which mediates cell-cell junctions, was the most downregulated protein encoding gene. Interestingly, downregulation of CDH5 by shRNA significantly increased cell migration confirming our RNA-Seq data. Furthermore, presence of vimentin altered the lamin expression in MCF-7. Collectively, we demonstrate, for the first time, that vimentin in breast cancer cells could change nuclear architecture by affecting lamin expression, which downregulates genes maintaining cell-cell junctions resulting in increased cell migration.
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6
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Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (L-plastin) I232F mutation impairs granulocytic proliferation and causes neutropenia. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2581-2594. [PMID: 34991157 PMCID: PMC9043934 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils migrate into inflamed tissue, engage in phagocytosis, and clear pathogens or apoptotic cells. These processes require well-coordinated events involving the actin cytoskeleton. We describe a child with severe neutropenia and episodes of soft tissue infections and pneumonia. Bone marrow examination showed granulocytic hypoplasia with dysplasia. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous missense mutation in LCP1, which encodes the F-actin-binding protein Lymphocyte Cytosolic Protein 1. To determine its pathophysiological significance, we stably transduced cells with doxycycline-inducible wild-type LCP1 and LCP1 I232F lentiviral constructs. We observed dysplastic granulocytic 32D cells expressing LCP1 I232F cells. These cells showed decreased proliferation without a block in differentiation. In addition, expression of LCP1 I232F resulted in a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, but it did not lead to increased levels of genes involved in apoptosis or the unfolded protein response. Both 32D and HeLa cells expressing mutant LCP1 displayed impaired cell motility and invasiveness. Flow cytometry showed increased F-actin. However, mutant LCP1-expressing 32D cells exhibited normal oxidative burst upon stimulation. Confocal imaging and subcellular fractionation revealed diffuse intracellular localization of LCP1, but only the mutant form was found in the nucleus. We conclude that LCP1 is a new gene involved in granulopoiesis, and the missense variant LCP1 I232F leads to neutropenia and granulocytic dysplasia with aberrant actin dynamics. Our work supports a model of neutropenia due to aberrant actin regulation.
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Abstract
More than 27 yr ago, the vimentin knockout (Vim-/- ) mouse was reported to develop and reproduce without an obvious phenotype, implying that this major cytoskeletal protein was nonessential. Subsequently, comprehensive and careful analyses have revealed numerous phenotypes in Vim-/- mice and their organs, tissues, and cells, frequently reflecting altered responses in the recovery of tissues following various insults or injuries. These findings have been supported by cell-based experiments demonstrating that vimentin intermediate filaments (IFs) play a critical role in regulating cell mechanics and are required to coordinate mechanosensing, transduction, signaling pathways, motility, and inflammatory responses. This review highlights the essential functions of vimentin IFs revealed from studies of Vim-/- mice and cells derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ridge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - John E Eriksson
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland
- Euro-Bioimaging European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), FIN-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australia
| | - Robert D Goldman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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8
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Patteson AE, Vahabikashi A, Goldman RD, Janmey PA. Mechanical and Non-Mechanical Functions of Filamentous and Non-Filamentous Vimentin. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000078. [PMID: 32893352 PMCID: PMC8349470 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) formed by vimentin are less understood than their cytoskeletal partners, microtubules and F-actin, but the unique physical properties of IFs, especially their resistance to large deformations, initially suggest a mechanical function. Indeed, vimentin IFs help regulate cell mechanics and contractility, and in crowded 3D environments they protect the nucleus during cell migration. Recently, a multitude of studies, often using genetic or proteomic screenings show that vimentin has many non-mechanical functions within and outside of cells. These include signaling roles in wound healing, lipogenesis, sterol processing, and various functions related to extracellular and cell surface vimentin. Extracellular vimentin is implicated in marking circulating tumor cells, promoting neural repair, and mediating the invasion of host cells by viruses, including SARS-CoV, or bacteria such as Listeria and Streptococcus. These findings underscore the fundamental role of vimentin in not only cell mechanics but also a range of physiological functions. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/YPfoddqvz-g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - Amir Vahabikashi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611
| | - Robert D Goldman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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9
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Schaffner-Reckinger E, Machado RAC. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin-A double-edged sword: Beneficial for the immune response, maleficent in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:109-154. [PMID: 32859369 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton into bundles and networks is orchestrated by a large variety of actin-binding proteins. Among them, the actin-bundling protein L-plastin is normally expressed in hematopoietic cells, where it is involved in the immune response. However, L-plastin is also often ectopically expressed in malignant cancer cells of non-hematopoietic origin and is even considered as a marker for cancer progression. Post-translational modification modulates L-plastin activity. In particular, L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation has been shown to be important for the immune response in leukocytes as well as for invasion and metastasis formation of carcinoma cells. This chapter discusses the physiological and pathological role of L-plastin with a special focus on the importance of L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation for the protein functions. The potential use of Ser5 phosphorylated L-plastin as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target will be evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Raquel A C Machado
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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10
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Deeg CA, Degroote RL, Giese IM, Hirmer S, Amann B, Weigand M, Wiedemann C, Hauck SM. CD11d is a novel antigen on chicken leukocytes. J Proteomics 2020; 225:103876. [PMID: 32534212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In life sciences, antibodies are among the most commonly used tools for identifying, tracking, quantifying and isolating molecules, mainly proteins. However, it has recently become clear that antibodies often fall short with respect to specificity and selectivity and in many cases target proteins are not even known. When commercial availability of antibodies is scarce, e.g. for targeting proteins from farm animals, researchers face additional challenges: they often have to rely on cross-reactive antibodies, which are poorly characterized for their exact target, their actual cross-reactivity and the desired application. In this study, we aimed at identifying the true target of mouse monoclonal antibody 8F2, which was generated against chicken PBMC and used for decades in research, while it's actual target molecule remained unknown. We used 8F2 antibody for immunoprecipitation in chicken PBMC and subsequently identified its true target as CD11d, which was never described in chicken lymphocytes before, by quantitative LC-MSMS. The most abundant interactor of CD11d was identified as integrin beta 2. The existence of this alpha integrin was therefore clearly proven on protein level and provides a first basis to further assess the role of CD11d in chickens in future studies. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017248. SIGNIFICANCE: Our studies determined CD11d as the true target of a previously uncharacterized mouse monoclonal antibody 8F2, generated against chicken peripheral blood derived mononuclear cells (PBMC). This is therefore now first member of alpha integrins in chickens, that existence was now clearly identified on protein level. The additional identification of CD11d interactors provides information on integrin-dependent regulation of signaling networks, allowing further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia A Deeg
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Roxane L Degroote
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Isabella M Giese
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sieglinde Hirmer
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Amann
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maria Weigand
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carmen Wiedemann
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 80939 Munich, Germany
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11
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Broussard JA, Jaiganesh A, Zarkoob H, Conway DE, Dunn AR, Espinosa HD, Janmey PA, Green KJ. Scaling up single-cell mechanics to multicellular tissues - the role of the intermediate filament-desmosome network. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs228031. [PMID: 32179593 PMCID: PMC7097224 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and tissues sense, respond to and translate mechanical forces into biochemical signals through mechanotransduction, which governs individual cell responses that drive gene expression, metabolic pathways and cell motility, and determines how cells work together in tissues. Mechanotransduction often depends on cytoskeletal networks and their attachment sites that physically couple cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix. One way that cells associate with each other is through Ca2+-dependent adhesion molecules called cadherins, which mediate cell-cell interactions through adherens junctions, thereby anchoring and organizing the cortical actin cytoskeleton. This actin-based network confers dynamic properties to cell sheets and developing organisms. However, these contractile networks do not work alone but in concert with other cytoarchitectural elements, including a diverse network of intermediate filaments. This Review takes a close look at the intermediate filament network and its associated intercellular junctions, desmosomes. We provide evidence that this system not only ensures tissue integrity, but also cooperates with other networks to create more complex tissues with emerging properties in sensing and responding to increasingly stressful environments. We will also draw attention to how defects in intermediate filament and desmosome networks result in both chronic and acquired diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Broussard
- Departments of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Avinash Jaiganesh
- Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hoda Zarkoob
- Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel E Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Horacio D Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Departments of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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12
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Wang W, Zuidema A, te Molder L, Nahidiazar L, Hoekman L, Schmidt T, Coppola S, Sonnenberg A. Hemidesmosomes modulate force generation via focal adhesions. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201904137. [PMID: 31914171 PMCID: PMC7041674 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemidesmosomes are specialized cell-matrix adhesion structures that are associated with the keratin cytoskeleton. Although the adhesion function of hemidesmosomes has been extensively studied, their role in mechanosignaling and transduction remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that keratinocytes lacking hemidesmosomal integrin α6β4 exhibit increased focal adhesion formation, cell spreading, and traction-force generation. Moreover, disruption of the interaction between α6β4 and intermediate filaments or laminin-332 results in similar phenotypical changes. We further demonstrate that integrin α6β4 regulates the activity of the mechanosensitive transcriptional regulator YAP through inhibition of Rho-ROCK-MLC- and FAK-PI3K-dependent signaling pathways. Additionally, increased tension caused by impaired hemidesmosome assembly leads to a redistribution of integrin αVβ5 from clathrin lattices to focal adhesions. Our results reveal a novel role for hemidesmosomes as regulators of cellular mechanical forces and establish the existence of a mechanical coupling between adhesion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alba Zuidema
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa te Molder
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leila Nahidiazar
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Coppola
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Shi F, Ma Y, Qian Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhao M, Hu Z. A Novel Peptide Probe for Identification of PLS3-Expressed Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9640-9647. [PMID: 31293151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The T-plastin (PLS3) has a significant implication in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and breast cancer prognosis. Using one-bead-one-compound library strategy, a novel peptide TP1 (KVKSDRVC) toward PLS3 was screened and exhibited the specificity for identifying PLS3-expressed cancer cells. Moreover, we found Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled TP1 (FITC-TP1) could act as a novel probe for EMT-induced cancer cells, preferentially in the leading edge. It also has satisfactory specificity for PLS3-expressed cancer cells spiked in the blood. FITC-TP1 was expected to become a diagnostic tool to identify PLS3-expressed circulating tumor cells and predict prognosis for patients with breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghao Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, Sino-Danish College , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yixia Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, Sino-Danish College , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Zihua Wang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350108 , China
| | - Minzhi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, Sino-Danish College , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350108 , China
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14
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Li J, Gao W, Zhang Y, Cheng F, Eriksson JE, Etienne-Manneville S, Jiu Y. Engagement of vimentin intermediate filaments in hypotonic stress. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13168-13176. [PMID: 30887571 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) play a key role in the control of cell structure and morphology, cell mechano-responses, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms regulating IFs organization in motile adhesive cells under certain physical/pathological conditions remain to be fully understood. In this study, we found hypo-osmotic-induced stress results in a dramatic but reversible rearrangement of the IF network. Vimentin and nestin IFs are partially depolymerized as they are redistributed throughout the cell cytoplasm after hypo-osmotic shock. This spreading of the IFs requires an intact microtubule network and the motor protein associated transportation. Both nocodazole treatment and depletion of kinesin-1 (KIF5B) block the hypo-osmotic shock-induced rearrangement of IFs showing that the dynamic behavior of IFs largely depends on microtubules and kinesin-dependent transport. Moreover, we show that cell survival rates are dramatically decreased in response to hypo-osmotic shock, which was more severe by vimentin IFs depletion, indicating its contribution to osmotic endurance. Collectively, these results reveal a critical role of vimentin IFs under hypotonic stress and provide evidence that IFs are important for the defense mechanisms during the osmotic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), SYSU, China
| | - John E Eriksson
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Institut Pasteur Paris CNRS UMR3691, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Yaming Jiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Joshi H, Morley SC. Cells under stress: The mechanical environment shapes inflammasome responses to danger signals. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:119-125. [PMID: 30645000 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir1118-417r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many intracellular signals, such as host danger-associated molecules and bacterial toxins during infection, elicit inflammasome activation. However, the mechanical environment in tissues may also influence the sensitivity of various inflammasomes to activation. The cellular mechanical environment is determined by the extracellular tissue stiffness, or its inverse, tissue compliance. Tissue stiffness is sensed by the intracellular cytoskeleton through a process termed mechanotransduction. Thus, extracellular compliance and the intracellular cytoskeleton may regulate the sensitivity of inflammasome activation. Control of proinflammatory signaling by tissue compliance may contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as ventilator-induced lung injury during bacterial pneumonia and tissue fibrosis in inflammatory disorders. The responsible signaling cascades in inflammasome activation pathways and mechanotransduction crosstalk are not yet fully understood. This rather different immunomodulatory perspective will be reviewed and open questions discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Joshi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sharon Celeste Morley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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16
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Cheng C, Nowak RB, Amadeo MB, Biswas SK, Lo WK, Fowler VM. Tropomyosin 3.5 protects the F-actin networks required for tissue biomechanical properties. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs222042. [PMID: 30333143 PMCID: PMC6288072 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosins (Tpms) stabilize F-actin and regulate interactions with other actin-binding proteins. The eye lens changes shape in order to focus light to transmit a clear image, and thus lens organ function is tied to its biomechanical properties, presenting an opportunity to study Tpm functions in tissue mechanics. Mouse lenses contain Tpm3.5 (also known as TM5NM5), a previously unstudied isoform encoded by Tpm3, which is associated with F-actin on lens fiber cell membranes. Decreased levels of Tpm3.5 lead to softer and less mechanically resilient lenses that are unable to resume their original shape after compression. While cell organization and morphology appear unaffected, Tmod1 dissociates from the membrane in Tpm3.5-deficient lens fiber cells resulting in reorganization of the spectrin-F-actin and α-actinin-F-actin networks at the membrane. These rearranged F-actin networks appear to be less able to support mechanical load and resilience, leading to an overall change in tissue mechanical properties. This is the first in vivo evidence that a Tpm protein is essential for cell biomechanical stability in a load-bearing non-muscle tissue, and indicates that Tpm3.5 protects mechanically stable, load-bearing F-actin in vivoThis article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roberta B Nowak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael B Amadeo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sondip K Biswas
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Woo-Kuen Lo
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Velia M Fowler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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17
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Danielsson F, Peterson MK, Caldeira Araújo H, Lautenschläger F, Gad AKB. Vimentin Diversity in Health and Disease. Cells 2018; 7:E147. [PMID: 30248895 PMCID: PMC6210396 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is a protein that has been linked to a large variety of pathophysiological conditions, including cataracts, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV and cancer. Vimentin has also been shown to regulate a wide spectrum of basic cellular functions. In cells, vimentin assembles into a network of filaments that spans the cytoplasm. It can also be found in smaller, non-filamentous forms that can localise both within cells and within the extracellular microenvironment. The vimentin structure can be altered by subunit exchange, cleavage into different sizes, re-annealing, post-translational modifications and interacting proteins. Together with the observation that different domains of vimentin might have evolved under different selection pressures that defined distinct biological functions for different parts of the protein, the many diverse variants of vimentin might be the cause of its functional diversity. A number of review articles have focussed on the biology and medical aspects of intermediate filament proteins without particular commitment to vimentin, and other reviews have focussed on intermediate filaments in an in vitro context. In contrast, the present review focusses almost exclusively on vimentin, and covers both ex vivo and in vivo data from tissue culture and from living organisms, including a summary of the many phenotypes of vimentin knockout animals. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the many diverse aspects of vimentin, from biochemical, mechanical, cellular, systems biology and medical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Danielsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Campus D2 2, Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien gGmbH (INM) and Experimental Physics, NT Faculty, E 2 6, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Annica Karin Britt Gad
- Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, 9020105 Funchal, Portugal.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Barthes J, Dollinger C, Muller CB, Liivas U, Dupret-Bories A, Knopf-Marques H, Vrana NE. Immune Assisted Tissue Engineering via Incorporation of Macrophages in Cell-Laden Hydrogels Under Cytokine Stimulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:108. [PMID: 30177966 PMCID: PMC6110199 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of soft tissues is intricately linked to their connections with the other systems of the body such as circulation, nervous system, and immune system. The presence of resident macrophages in tissues provides a means to control tissue homeostasis and also a way to react to the physical/biological insults and tissue damage. Thus, incorporation of resident macrophage like phenotype-controlled macrophages in engineered tissues can improve their fidelity as model tissues and also improve their rate of integration and facilitate the resolution of inflammation for regenerative medicine applications. Herein, we demonstrate two potential ways to immunoassist the remodeling process of engineered soft tissues in three-dimensional (3-D) gelatin based hydrogels containing fibroblasts and/or endothelial cells: (i) with supplementation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the presence of macrophages and (ii) in tri-culture via naive monocytes or differentiated macrophages. The presence of IL-4 had a proliferative effect on fibroblasts, with a significant boosting effect on proliferation and cytokine secretion in the presence of differentiated macrophages with an upregulation of activin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), creating a more stimulating microenvironment. The addition of IL-4 in endothelial cell/macrophage co-culture configuration improved the organization of the sprout-like structures, with a boost in proliferation at day 1 and with an upregulation of IL-6 and IL-1RA at the earliest stage in the presence of differentiated macrophages creating a favorable microenvironment for angiogenesis. In tri-culture conditions, the presence of monocytes or macrophages resulted in a denser tissue-like structure with highly remodeled hydrogels. The presence of differentiated macrophages had a boosting effect on the angiogenic secretory microenvironment, such as IL-6 and IL-8, without any additional cytokine supplementation. The presence of fibroblasts in combination with endothelial cells also had a significant effect on the secretion of angiopoietin. Our results demonstrate that incorporation of macrophages in a resident macrophage function and their phenotype control have significant effects on the maturation and cytokine microenvironment of 3-D multiple cell type-laden hydrogels, which can be harnessed for better integration of implantable systems and for more physiologically relevant in vitro tissue models with an immune component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Barthes
- PROTiP Medical, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM UMR 1121, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | - Agnes Dupret-Bories
- Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Helena Knopf-Marques
- INSERM UMR 1121, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nihal E Vrana
- PROTiP Medical, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM UMR 1121, Strasbourg, France
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19
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Quinlan RA, Schwarz N, Windoffer R, Richardson C, Hawkins T, Broussard JA, Green KJ, Leube RE. A rim-and-spoke hypothesis to explain the biomechanical roles for cytoplasmic intermediate filament networks. J Cell Sci 2018; 130:3437-3445. [PMID: 29032358 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Textbook images of keratin intermediate filament (IF) networks in epithelial cells and the functional compromization of the epidermis by keratin mutations promulgate a mechanical role for this important cytoskeletal component. In stratified epithelia, keratin filaments form prominent radial spokes that are focused onto cell-cell contact sites, i.e. the desmosomes. In this Hypothesis, we draw attention to a subset of keratin filaments that are apposed to the plasma membrane. They form a rim of filaments interconnecting the desmosomes in a circumferential network. We hypothesize that they are part of a rim-and-spoke arrangement of IFs in epithelia. From our review of the literature, we extend this functional role for the subplasmalemmal rim of IFs to any cell, in which plasma membrane support is required, provided these filaments connect directly or indirectly to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, cytoplasmic IF networks physically link the outer nuclear and plasma membranes, but their participation in mechanotransduction processes remain largely unconsidered. Therefore, we also discuss the potential biomechanical and mechanosensory role(s) of the cytoplasmic IF network in terms of such a rim (i.e. subplasmalemmal)-and-spoke arrangement for cytoplasmic IF networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK .,Biophysical Sciences Institute, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Nicole Schwarz
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Windoffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christine Richardson
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Tim Hawkins
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Joshua A Broussard
- Dept. of Pathology W127, Tarry Bldg, Room 3-735, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Dept. of Pathology W127, Tarry Bldg, Room 3-735, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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20
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Chen Z, Yang L, Cui Y, Zhou Y, Yin X, Guo J, Zhang G, Wang T, He QY. Cytoskeleton-centric protein transportation by exosomes transforms tumor-favorable macrophages. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67387-67402. [PMID: 27602764 PMCID: PMC5341883 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The exosome is a key initiator of pre-metastatic niche in numerous cancers, where macrophages serve as primary inducers of tumor microenvironment. However, the proteome that can be exosomally transported from cancer cells to macrophages has not been sufficiently characterized so far. Here, we used colorectal cancer (CRC) exosomes to educate tumor-favorable macrophages. With a SILAC-based mass spectrometry strategy, we successfully traced the proteome transported from CRC exosomes to macrophages. Such a proteome primarily focused on promoting cytoskeleton rearrangement, which was biologically validated with multiple cell lines. We reproduced the exosomal transportation of functional vimentin as a proof-of-concept example. In addition, we found that some CRC exosomes could be recognized by macrophages via Fc receptors. Therefore, we revealed the active and necessary role of exosomes secreted from CRC cells to transform cancer-favorable macrophages, with the cytoskeleton-centric proteins serving as the top functional unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yizhi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanlong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xingfeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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21
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Sanghvi-Shah R, Weber GF. Intermediate Filaments at the Junction of Mechanotransduction, Migration, and Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:81. [PMID: 28959689 PMCID: PMC5603733 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanically induced signal transduction has an essential role in development. Cells actively transduce and respond to mechanical signals and their internal architecture must manage the associated forces while also being dynamically responsive. With unique assembly-disassembly dynamics and physical properties, cytoplasmic intermediate filaments play an important role in regulating cell shape and mechanical integrity. While this function has been recognized and appreciated for more than 30 years, continually emerging data also demonstrate important roles of intermediate filaments in cell signal transduction. In this review, with a particular focus on keratins and vimentin, the relationship between the physical state of intermediate filaments and their role in mechanotransduction signaling is illustrated through a survey of current literature. Association with adhesion receptors such as cadherins and integrins provides a critical interface through which intermediate filaments are exposed to forces from a cell's environment. As a consequence, these cytoskeletal networks are posttranslationally modified, remodeled and reorganized with direct impacts on local signal transduction events and cell migratory behaviors important to development. We propose that intermediate filaments provide an opportune platform for cells to both cope with mechanical forces and modulate signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Sanghvi-Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-NewarkNewark, NJ, United States
| | - Gregory F Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-NewarkNewark, NJ, United States
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22
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Premchandar A, Kupniewska A, Bonna A, Faure G, Fraczyk T, Roldan A, Hoffmann B, Faria da Cunha M, Herrmann H, Lukacs GL, Edelman A, Dadlez M. New insights into interactions between the nucleotide-binding domain of CFTR and keratin 8. Protein Sci 2017; 26:343-354. [PMID: 27870250 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein keratin 8 (K8) interacts with the nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1) of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane regulator (CFTR) with phenylalanine 508 deletion (ΔF508), and this interaction hampers the biogenesis of functional ΔF508-CFTR and its insertion into the plasma membrane. Interruption of this interaction may constitute a new therapeutic target for CF patients bearing the ΔF508 mutation. Here, we aimed to determine the binding surface between these two proteins, to facilitate the design of the interaction inhibitors. To identify the NBD1 fragments perturbed by the ΔF508 mutation, we used hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) on recombinant wild-type (wt) NBD1 and ΔF508-NBD1 of CFTR. We then performed the same analysis in the presence of a peptide from the K8 head domain, and extended this investigation using bioinformatics procedures and surface plasmon resonance, which revealed regions affected by the peptide binding in both wt-NBD1 and ΔF508-NBD1. Finally, we performed HDX-MS analysis of the NBD1 molecules and full-length K8, revealing hydrogen-bonding network changes accompanying complex formation. In conclusion, we have localized a region in the head segment of K8 that participates in its binding to NBD1. Our data also confirm the stronger binding of K8 to ΔF508-NBD1, which is supported by an additional binding site located in the vicinity of the ΔF508 mutation in NBD1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Kupniewska
- INSERM U1151, team Canalopathies épithéliales : la mucoviscidose et autres maladies, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Arkadiusz Bonna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Grazyna Faure
- Unité Récepteurs-Canaux; Institut Pasteur, CNRS, URA 2182, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Tomasz Fraczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Ariel Roldan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brice Hoffmann
- IMPMC, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, IUC, Paris Cedex 05, 75005, France
| | - Mélanie Faria da Cunha
- INSERM U1151, team Canalopathies épithéliales : la mucoviscidose et autres maladies, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gergely L Lukacs
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aleksander Edelman
- INSERM U1151, team Canalopathies épithéliales : la mucoviscidose et autres maladies, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Michał Dadlez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
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23
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Cheng C, Nowak RB, Biswas SK, Lo WK, FitzGerald PG, Fowler VM. Tropomodulin 1 Regulation of Actin Is Required for the Formation of Large Paddle Protrusions Between Mature Lens Fiber Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:4084-99. [PMID: 27537257 PMCID: PMC4986768 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate the proteins required for specialized small interlocking protrusions and large paddle domains at lens fiber cell tricellular junctions (vertices), we developed a novel method to immunostain single lens fibers and studied changes in cell morphology due to loss of tropomodulin 1 (Tmod1), an F-actin pointed end–capping protein. Methods We investigated F-actin and F-actin–binding protein localization in interdigitations of Tmod1+/+ and Tmod1−/− single mature lens fibers. Results F-actin–rich small protrusions and large paddles were present along cell vertices of Tmod1+/+ mature fibers. In contrast, Tmod1−/− mature fiber cells lack normal paddle domains, while small protrusions were unaffected. In Tmod1+/+ mature fibers, Tmod1, β2-spectrin, and α-actinin are localized in large puncta in valleys between paddles; but in Tmod1−/− mature fibers, β2-spectrin was dispersed while α-actinin was redistributed at the base of small protrusions and rudimentary paddles. Fimbrin and Arp3 (actin-related protein 3) were located in puncta at the base of small protrusions, while N-cadherin and ezrin outlined the cell membrane in both Tmod1+/+ and Tmod1−/− mature fibers. Conclusions These results suggest that distinct F-actin organizations are present in small protrusions versus large paddles. Formation and/or maintenance of large paddle domains depends on a β2-spectrin–actin network stabilized by Tmod1. α-Actinin–crosslinked F-actin bundles are enhanced in absence of Tmod1, indicating altered cytoskeleton organization. Formation of small protrusions is likely facilitated by Arp3-branched and fimbrin-bundled F-actin networks, which do not depend on Tmod1. This is the first work to reveal the F-actin–associated proteins required for the formation of paddles between lens fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cheng
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Roberta B Nowak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Sondip K Biswas
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Woo-Kuen Lo
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Paul G FitzGerald
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Velia M Fowler
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
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24
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Yang Y, Ye C, Wang L, An G, Tian Z, Meng L, Qu L, Lian S, Shou C. Repressor activator protein 1–promoted colorectal cell migration is associated with the regulation of Vimentin. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695034. [PMID: 28381157 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Repressor activator protein 1 plays important roles in telomere protection, while repressor activator protein 1 binds to extra-telomeric DNA and exerts the function as a transcriptional regulator. Previous study showed that repressor activator protein 1 regulates the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB, and it was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues; however, the clinical significance of repressor activator protein 1 expression in cancer remains to be elucidated. In this study, we discovered that repressor activator protein 1 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues. High expression of repressor activator protein 1 was significantly correlated with poor prognosis and distant metastasis. Knockdown of repressor activator protein 1 in colorectal cancer cells did not affect cell proliferation or colony formation, but dramatically decreased cell migration and F-actin-enriched membrane protrusions. Microarray screening revealed that Vimentin was downregulated after repressor activator protein 1 knockdown, which was validated by analysis of a colorectal cancer dataset. Furthermore, knockdown of Vimentin attenuated repressor activator protein 1–enhanced cell migration. Thus, our study suggests that repressor activator protein 1 is a prognostic marker and a potential target for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guo An
- Department of Laboratory Animal, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Tian
- Central Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shenyi Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Department of pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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25
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Li N, Wong CK, Cheng CY. Plastins regulate ectoplasmic specialization via its actin bundling activity on microfilaments in the rat testis. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:716-22. [PMID: 26608945 PMCID: PMC5000794 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.166583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastins are a family of actin binding proteins (ABPs) known to cross-link actin microfilaments in mammalian cells, creating actin microfilament bundles necessary to confer cell polarity and cell shape. Plastins also support cell movement in response to changes in environment, involved in cell/tissue growth and development. They also confer plasticity to cells and tissues in response to infection or other pathological conditions (e.g., inflammation). In the testis, the cell-cell anchoring junction unique to the testis that is found at the Sertoli cell-cell interface at the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and at the Sertoli-spermatid (e.g., 8–19 spermatids in the rat testis) is the basal and the apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES), respectively. The ES is an F-actin-rich anchoring junction constituted most notably by actin microfilament bundles. A recent report using RNAi that specifically knocks down plastin 3 has yielded some insightful information regarding the mechanism by which plastin 3 regulates the status of actin microfilament bundles at the ES via its intrinsic actin filament bundling activity. Herein, we provide a brief review on the role of plastins in the testis in light of this report, which together with recent findings in the field, we propose a likely model by which plastins regulate ES function during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis via their intrinsic activity on actin microfilament organization in the rat testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York 10065, USA
| | - Chris Kc Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York 10065, USA
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26
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The Calcium-Dependent Switch Helix of L-Plastin Regulates Actin Bundling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40662. [PMID: 28145401 PMCID: PMC5286426 DOI: 10.1038/srep40662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
L-plastin is a calcium-regulated actin-bundling protein that is expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin and in most metastatic cancer cells. These cell types are mobile and require the constant remodeling of their actin cytoskeleton, where L-plastin bundles filamentous actin. The calcium-dependent regulation of the actin-bundling activity of L-plastin is not well understood. We have used NMR spectroscopy to determine the solution structure of the EF-hand calcium-sensor headpiece domain. Unexpectedly, this domain does not bind directly to the four CH-domains of L-plastin. A novel switch helix is present immediately after the calcium-binding region and it binds tightly to the EF-hand motifs in the presence of calcium. We demonstrate that this switch helix plays a major role during actin-bundling. Moreover a peptide that competitively inhibits the association between the EF-hand motifs and the switch helix was shown to deregulate the actin-bundling activity of L-plastin. Overall, these findings may help to develop new drugs that target the L-plastin headpiece and interfere in the metastatic activity of cancer cells.
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27
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Embry AE, Mohammadi H, Niu X, Liu L, Moe B, Miller-Little WA, Lu CY, Bruggeman LA, McCulloch CA, Janmey PA, Miller RT. Biochemical and Cellular Determinants of Renal Glomerular Elasticity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167924. [PMID: 27942003 PMCID: PMC5152842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The elastic properties of renal glomeruli and their capillaries permit them to maintain structural integrity in the presence of variable hemodynamic forces. Measured by micro-indentation, glomeruli have an elastic modulus (E, Young's modulus) of 2.1 kPa, and estimates from glomerular perfusion studies suggest that the E of glomeruli is between 2 and 4 kPa. F-actin depolymerization by latrunculin, inhibition of acto-myosin contractility by blebbistatin, reduction in ATP synthesis, and reduction of the affinity of adhesion proteins by EDTA reduced the glomerular E to 1.26, 1.7, 1.5, and 1.43 kPa, respectively. Actin filament stabilization with jasplakinolide and increasing integrin affinity with Mg2+ increased E to 2.65 and 2.87 kPa, respectively. Alterations in glomerular E are reflected in commensurate changes in F/G actin ratios. Disruption of vimentin intermediate filaments by withaferin A reduced E to 0.92 kPa. The E of decellularized glomeruli was 0.74 kPa, indicating that cellular components of glomeruli have dominant effects on their elasticity. The E of glomerular basement membranes measured by magnetic bead displacement was 2.4 kPa. Podocytes and mesangial cells grown on substrates with E values between 3 and 5 kPa had actin fibers and focal adhesions resembling those of podocytes in vivo. Renal ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion reduced the E of glomeruli to 1.58 kPa. These results show that the E of glomeruli is between 2 and 4 kPa. E of the GBM, 2.4 kPa, is consistent with this value, and is supported by the behavior of podocytes and mesangial cells grown on variable stiffness matrices. The podocyte cytoskeleton contributes the major component to the overall E of glomeruli, and a normal E requires ATP synthesis. The reduction in glomerular E following ischemia and in other diseases indicates that reduced glomerular E is a common feature of many forms of glomerular injury and indicative of an abnormal podocyte cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addie E. Embry
- Nephrology and Medicine, U.T. Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hamid Mohammadi
- Center for Matrix Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinying Niu
- Nephrology and Medicine, U.T. Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Liping Liu
- Nephrology and Medicine, U.T. Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Borren Moe
- Nephrology and Medicine, U.T. Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - William A. Miller-Little
- Nephrology and Medicine, U.T. Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher Y. Lu
- Nephrology and Medicine, U.T. Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Bruggeman
- Nephrology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case-Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Paul A. Janmey
- Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - R. Tyler Miller
- Nephrology and Medicine, U.T. Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Medicine, Dallas VAMC, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Alveolar macrophage development in mice requires L-plastin for cellular localization in alveoli. Blood 2016; 128:2785-2796. [PMID: 27758872 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-705962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages are lung-resident sentinel cells that develop perinatally and protect against pulmonary infection. Molecular mechanisms controlling alveolar macrophage generation have not been fully defined. Here, we show that the actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) is required for the perinatal development of alveolar macrophages. Mice expressing a conditional allele of LPL (CD11c.Crepos-LPLfl/fl) exhibited significant reductions in alveolar macrophages and failed to effectively clear pulmonary pneumococcal infection, showing that immunodeficiency results from reduced alveolar macrophage numbers. We next identified the phase of alveolar macrophage development requiring LPL. In mice, fetal monocytes arrive in the lungs during a late fetal stage, maturing to alveolar macrophages through a prealveolar macrophage intermediate. LPL was required for the transition from prealveolar macrophages to mature alveolar macrophages. The transition from prealveolar macrophage to alveolar macrophage requires the upregulation of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), which is induced by exposure to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Despite abundant lung GM-CSF and intact GM-CSF receptor signaling, PPAR-γ was not sufficiently upregulated in developing alveolar macrophages in LPL-/- pups, suggesting that precursor cells were not correctly localized to the alveoli, where GM-CSF is produced. We found that LPL supports 2 actin-based processes essential for correct localization of alveolar macrophage precursors: (1) transmigration into the alveoli, and (2) engraftment in the alveoli. We thus identify a molecular pathway governing neonatal alveolar macrophage development and show that genetic disruption of alveolar macrophage development results in immunodeficiency.
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29
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Wen M, Kwon Y, Wang Y, Mao JH, Wei G. Elevated expression of UBE2T exhibits oncogenic properties in human prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25226-39. [PMID: 26308072 PMCID: PMC4694827 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) is reported in human prostate cancer. However, whether UBE2T plays any functional role in prostate cancer development remains unknown. We here report the first functional characterization of UBE2T in prostate carcinogenesis. Prostate cancer tissue array analysis confirmed upregulation of UBE2T in prostate cancer, especially these with distant metastasis. Moreover, higher level of UBE2T expression is associated with poorer prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Ectopic expression of UBE2T significantly promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation, motility and invasion, while UBE2T depletion by shRNA significantly inhibits these abilities of prostate cancer cells. Xenograft mouse model studies showed that overexpression of UBE2T promotes whereas UBE2T depletion inhibits tumor formation and metastasis significantly. Collectively, we identify critical roles of UBE2T in prostate cancer development and progression. These findings may serve as a framework for future investigations designed to more comprehensive determination of UBE2T as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Wen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Yongwon Kwon
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94127, USA
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94127, USA
| | - Guangwei Wei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012 P.R. China
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30
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El-Sayed M, Abd Elazeem MA. Expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related markers E-cadherin and vimentin in ovarian serous carcinomas. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 36:1-8. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xej.0000472882.59885.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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31
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Liprin-α1 is a regulator of vimentin intermediate filament network in the cancer cell adhesion machinery. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24486. [PMID: 27075696 PMCID: PMC4830931 DOI: 10.1038/srep24486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PPFIA1 is located at the 11q13 region, which is one of the most commonly amplified regions in several epithelial cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and breast carcinoma. Considering the location of PPFIA1 in this amplicon, we examined whether protein encoded by PPFIA1, liprin-α1, possesses oncogenic properties in relevant carcinoma cell lines. Our results indicate that liprin-α1 localizes to different adhesion and cytoskeletal structures to regulate vimentin intermediate filament network, thereby altering the invasion and growth properties of the cancer cells. In non-invasive cells liprin-α1 promotes expansive growth behavior with limited invasive capacity, whereas in invasive cells liprin-α1 has significant impact on mesenchymal cancer cell invasion in three-dimensional collagen. Current results identify liprin-α1 as a novel regulator of the tumor cell intermediate filaments with differential oncogenic properties in actively proliferating or motile cells.
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32
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Kim J, Yang C, Kim EJ, Jang J, Kim SJ, Kang SM, Kim MG, Jung H, Park D, Kim C. Vimentin filaments regulate integrin-ligand interactions by binding to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin β3. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2030-42. [PMID: 27044755 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.180315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vimentin, an intermediate filament protein induced during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, is known to regulate cell migration and invasion. However, it is still unclear how vimentin controls such behaviors. In this study, we aimed to find a new integrin regulator by investigating the H-Ras-mediated integrin suppression mechanism. Through a proteomic screen using the integrin β3 cytoplasmic tail protein, we found that vimentin might work as an effector of H-Ras signaling. H-Ras converted filamentous vimentin into aggregates near the nucleus, where no integrin binding can occur. In addition, an increase in the amount of vimentin filaments accessible to the integrin β3 tail enhanced talin-induced integrin binding to its ligands by inducing integrin clustering. In contrast, the vimentin head domain, which was found to bind directly to the integrin β3 tail and compete with endogenous vimentin filaments for integrin binding, induced nuclear accumulation of vimentin filaments and reduced the amount of integrin-ligand binding. Finally, we found that expression of the vimentin head domain can reduce cell migration and metastasis. From these data, we suggest that filamentous vimentin underneath the plasma membrane is involved in increasing integrin adhesiveness, and thus regulation of the vimentin-integrin interaction might control cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chansik Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungim Jang
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - So Min Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Gyo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 402-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongeun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungho Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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33
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Van Audenhove I, Denert M, Boucherie C, Pieters L, Cornelissen M, Gettemans J. Fascin Rigidity and L-plastin Flexibility Cooperate in Cancer Cell Invadopodia and Filopodia. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9148-60. [PMID: 26945069 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.706937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia and filopodia are dynamic, actin-based protrusions contributing to cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. The force of actin bundles is essential for their protrusive activity. The bundling protein fascin is known to play a role in both invadopodia and filopodia. As it is more and more acknowledged that functionally related proteins cooperate, it is unlikely that only fascin bundles actin in these protrusions. Another interesting candidate is L-plastin, normally expressed in hematopoietic cells, but considered a common marker of many cancer types. We identified L-plastin as a new component of invadopodia, where it contributes to degradation and invasiveness. By means of specific, high-affinity nanobodies inhibiting bundling of fascin or L-plastin, we further unraveled their cooperative mode of action. We show that the bundlers cannot compensate for each other due to strikingly different bundling characteristics: L-plastin bundles are much thinner and less tightly packed. Composite bundles adopt an intermediate phenotype, with fascin delivering the rigidity and strength for protrusive force and structural stability, whereas L-plastin accounts for the flexibility needed for elongation. Consistent with this, elevated L-plastin expression promotes elongation and reduces protrusion density in cells with relatively lower L-plastin than fascin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leen Pieters
- Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Cornelissen
- Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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34
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Rucci N, Teti A. The "love-hate" relationship between osteoclasts and bone matrix. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:176-190. [PMID: 26921625 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are unique cells that destroy the mineralized matrix of the skeleton. There is a "love-hate" relationship between the osteoclasts and the bone matrix, whereby the osteoclast is stimulated by the contact with the matrix but, at the same time, it disrupts the matrix, which, in turn, counteracts this disruption by some of its components. The balance between these concerted events brings about bone resorption to be controlled and to contribute to bone tissue integrity and skeletal health. The matrix components released by osteoclasts are also involved in the local regulation of other bone cells and in the systemic control of organismal homeostasis. Disruption of this regulatory loop causes bone diseases, which may end up with either reduced or increased bone mass, often associated with poor bone quality. Expanding the knowledge on osteoclast-to-matrix interaction could help to counteract these diseases and improve the human bone health. In this article, we will present evidence of the physical, molecular and regulatory relationships between the osteoclasts and the mineralized matrix, discussing the underlying mechanisms as well as their pathologic alterations and potential targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
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35
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Robert A, Hookway C, Gelfand VI. Intermediate filament dynamics: What we can see now and why it matters. Bioessays 2016; 38:232-43. [PMID: 26763143 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of vertebrate cells are largely defined by the system of intermediate filaments (IF). As part of a dense network, IF polymers are constantly rearranged and relocalized in the cell to fulfill their duty as cells change shape, migrate, or divide. With the development of new imaging technologies, such as photoconvertible proteins and super-resolution microscopy, a new appreciation for the complexity of IF dynamics has emerged. This review highlights new findings about the transport of IF, the remodeling of filaments by a process of severing and re-annealing, and the subunit exchange that occurs between filament precursors and a soluble pool of IF. We will also discuss the unique dynamic features of the keratin IF network. Finally, we will speculate about how the dynamic properties of IF are related to their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Robert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caroline Hookway
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vladimir I Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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36
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Revach OY, Geiger B. The interplay between the proteolytic, invasive, and adhesive domains of invadopodia and their roles in cancer invasion. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:215-25. [PMID: 24714132 DOI: 10.4161/cam.27842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-based protrusions of the plasma membrane that penetrate into the extracellular matrix (ECM), and enzymatically degrade it. Invadopodia and podosomes, often referred to, collectively, as "invadosomes," are actin-based membrane protrusions that facilitate matrix remodeling and cell invasion across tissues, processes that occur under specific physiological conditions such as bone remodeling, as well as under pathological states such as bone, immune disorders, and cancer metastasis. In this review, we specifically focus on the functional architecture of invadopodia in cancer cells; we discuss here three functional domains of invadopodia responsible for the metalloproteinase-based degradation of the ECM, the cytoskeleton-based mechanical penetration into the matrix, and the integrin adhesome-based adhesion to the ECM. We will describe the structural and molecular organization of each domain and the cross-talk between them during the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or-Yam Revach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot, Israel
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37
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Bidirectional Interplay between Vimentin Intermediate Filaments and Contractile Actin Stress Fibers. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1511-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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38
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Glycolytic inhibitors 2-deoxyglucose and 3-bromopyruvate synergize with photodynamic therapy respectively to inhibit cell migration. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:189-97. [PMID: 25631472 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer cells have the specially increased glycolytic phenotype, which makes this pathway become an attractive therapeutic target. Although glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) has been demonstrated to potentiate the cytotoxicity of photodynamic therapy (PDT), the impacts on cell migration after the combined treatment has never been reported yet. The present study aimed to analyze the influence of glycolytic inhibitors 2-DG and 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) combined with Ce6-PDT on cell motility of Triple Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. As determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltertrazolium-bromide-Tetraz-olium (MTT) assay, more decreased cell viability was observed in 2-DG + PDT and 3-BP + PDT groups when compared with either monotherapy. Under optimal conditions, synergistic potentiation on cell membrane destruction and the decline of cell adhesion and cells migratory ability were observed in both 2-DG + PDT and 3-BP + PDT by electron microscope observation (SEM), wound healing and trans-well assays. Besides, serious microfilament network collapses as well as impairment of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) were notably improved after the combined treatments by immunofluorescent staining. These results suggest that 2-DG and 3-BP can both significantly potentiated Ce6-PDT efficacy of cell migration inhibition.
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39
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Hookway C, Ding L, Davidson MW, Rappoport JZ, Danuser G, Gelfand VI. Microtubule-dependent transport and dynamics of vimentin intermediate filaments. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1675-86. [PMID: 25717187 PMCID: PMC4436779 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied two aspects of vimentin intermediate filament dynamics-transport of filaments and subunit exchange. We observed transport of long filaments in the periphery of cells using live-cell structured illumination microscopy. We studied filament transport elsewhere in cells using a photoconvertible-vimentin probe and total internal reflection microscopy. We found that filaments were rapidly transported along linear tracks in both anterograde and retrograde directions. Filament transport was microtubule dependent but independent of microtubule polymerization and/or an interaction with the plus end-binding protein APC. We also studied subunit exchange in filaments by long-term imaging after photoconversion. We found that converted vimentin remained in small clusters along the length of filaments rather than redistributing uniformly throughout the network, even in cells that divided after photoconversion. These data show that vimentin filaments do not depolymerize into individual subunits; they recompose by severing and reannealing. Together these results show that vimentin filaments are very dynamic and that their transport is required for network maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hookway
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Liya Ding
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310
| | - Joshua Z Rappoport
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Vladimir I Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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Intermediate filaments and the regulation of focal adhesion. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 32:13-20. [PMID: 25460777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions are localized actin filament-anchoring signalling centres at the cell-extracellular matrix interface. The currently emerging view is that they fulfil an all-embracing coordinating function for the entire cytoskeleton. This review highlights the tight relationship between focal adhesions and the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. We summarize the accumulating evidence for direct binding of intermediate filaments to focal adhesion components and their mutual cross-talk through signalling molecules. Examples are presented to emphasize the high degree of complexity of these interactions equipping cells with a precisely controlled machinery for context-dependent adjustment of their biomechanical properties.
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Zhang X, Liu W, Yang H, Tan L, Ao L, Liu J, Cao J, Cui Z. Inhibition of PPARα attenuates vimentin phosphorylation on Ser-83 and collapse of vimentin filaments during exposure of rat Sertoli cells in vitro to DBP. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 50:11-8. [PMID: 25291543 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a peroxisome proliferator which can lead to germ cell loss from Sertoli cells. Collapse of vimentin filaments occurs in Sertoli cells after DBP exposure. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) is a key receptor which could be activated by DBP. The role of PPARα in this process was investigated. Results showed that, PPARα was activated in DBP-exposed Sertoli cells, GW6471 inhibited the activity of PPARα, phosphorylation level of vimentin and concentration of soluble vimentin was higher in DBP-treated Sertoli cells than GW6471+DBP-treated cells. These results suggest that PPARα directly or indirectly mediated phosphorylation of vimentin on Ser 83, and PPARα may play an important role in regulating the reorganization of vimentin filaments during exposure of Sertoli cells to DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Toxicology Institute, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Toxicology Institute, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Huan Yang
- Toxicology Institute, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lu Tan
- Toxicology Institute, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lin Ao
- Toxicology Institute, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Toxicology Institute, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jia Cao
- Toxicology Institute, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Zhihong Cui
- Toxicology Institute, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30, Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Robert A, Herrmann H, Davidson MW, Gelfand VI. Microtubule-dependent transport of vimentin filament precursors is regulated by actin and by the concerted action of Rho- and p21-activated kinases. FASEB J 2014; 28:2879-90. [PMID: 24652946 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-250019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) form a dense and dynamic network that is functionally associated with microtubules and actin filaments. We used the GFP-tagged vimentin mutant Y117L to study vimentin-cytoskeletal interactions and transport of vimentin filament precursors. This mutant preserves vimentin interaction with other components of the cytoskeleton, but its assembly is blocked at the unit-length filament (ULF) stage. ULFs are easy to track, and they allow a reliable and quantifiable analysis of movement. Our results show that in cultured human vimentin-negative SW13 cells, 2% of vimentin-ULFs move along microtubules bidirectionally, while the majority are stationary and tightly associated with actin filaments. Rapid motor-dependent transport of ULFs along microtubules is enhanced ≥ 5-fold by depolymerization of actin cytoskeleton with latrunculin B. The microtubule-dependent transport of vimentin ULFs is further regulated by Rho-kinase (ROCK) and p21-activated kinase (PAK): ROCK inhibits ULF transport, while PAK stimulates it. Both kinases act on microtubule transport independently of their effects on actin cytoskeleton. Our study demonstrates the importance of the actin cytoskeleton to restrict IF transport and reveals a new role for PAK and ROCK in the regulation of IF precursor transport.-Robert, A., Herrmann, H., Davidson, M. W., and Gelfand, V. I. Microtubule-dependent transport of vimentin filament precursors is regulated by actin and by the concerted action of Rho- and p21-activated kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Robert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Vladimir I Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
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Lyon AN, Pineda RH, Hao LT, Kudryashova E, Kudryashov DS, Beattie CE. Calcium binding is essential for plastin 3 function in Smn-deficient motoneurons. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1990-2004. [PMID: 24271012 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin-binding and bundling protein, plastin 3 (PLS3), was identified as a protective modifier of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in some patient populations and as a disease modifier in animal models of SMA. How it functions in this process, however, is not known. Because PLS3 is an actin-binding/bundling protein, we hypothesized it would likely act via modification of the actin cytoskeleton in axons and neuromuscular junctions to protect motoneurons in SMA. To test this, we examined the ability of other known actin cytoskeleton organizing proteins to modify motor axon outgrowth phenotypes in an smn morphant zebrafish model of SMA. While PLS3 can fully compensate for low levels of smn, cofilin 1, profilin 2 and α-actinin 1 did not affect smn morphant motor axon outgrowth. To determine how PLS3 functions in SMA, we generated deletion constructs of conserved PLS3 structural domains. The EF hands were essential for PLS3 rescue of smn morphant phenotypes, and mutation of the Ca(2+)-binding residues within the EF hands resulted in a complete loss of PLS3 rescue. These results indicate that Ca(2+) regulation is essential for the function of PLS3 in motor axons. Remarkably, PLS3 mutants lacking both actin-binding domains were still able to rescue motor axons in smn morphants, although not as well as full-length PLS3. Therefore, PLS3 function in this process may have an actin-independent component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison N Lyon
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 132 Rightmire Hall, 1060 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA and
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Thiagarajan PS, Akbasli AC, Kinter MT, Willard B, Cathcart MK. Vimentin is a target of PKCβ phosphorylation in MCP-1-activated primary human monocytes. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:991-1001. [PMID: 23974215 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN We designed a study to detect downstream phosphorylation targets of PKCβ in MCP-1-induced human monocytes. METHODS Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed for monocytes treated with MCP-1 in the presence or absence of PKCβ antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (AS-ODN) or a PKCβ inhibitor peptide, followed by phospho- and total protein staining. Proteins that stained less intensely with the phospho-stain, when normalized to the total protein stain, in the presence of PKCβ AS-ODN or the PKCβ inhibitor peptide, were sequenced. RESULTS Of the proteins identified, vimentin was consistently identified using both experimental approaches. Upon (32)P-labeling and vimentin immunoprecipitation, increased phosphorylation of vimentin was observed in MCP-1 treated monocytes as compared to the untreated monocytes. Both PKCβ AS-ODN and the PKCβ inhibitor reduced MCP-1-induced vimentin phosphorylation. The IP of monocytes with anti-vimentin antibody and immunoblotting with a PKCβ antibody revealed that increased PKCβ becomes associated with vimentin upon MCP-1 activation. Upon MCP-1 treatment, monocytes were shown to secrete vimentin and secretion depended on PKCβ expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that vimentin, a major intermediate filament protein, is a phosphorylation target of PKCβ in MCP-1-treated monocytes and that PKCβ phosphorylation is essential for vimentin secretion. Our recently published studies have implicated vimentin as a potent stimulator of the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 as reported by Thiagarajan et al. (Cardiovasc Res 99:494-504, 2013). Taken together our findings suggest that inhibition of PKCβ regulates vimentin secretion and, thereby, its interaction with Dectin-1 and downstream stimulation of superoxide anion production. Thus, PKCβ phosphorylation of vimentin likely plays an important role in propagating inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveena S Thiagarajan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Buchmaier BS, Bibi A, Müller GA, Dihazi GH, Eltoweissy M, Kruegel J, Dihazi H. Renal cells express different forms of vimentin: the independent expression alteration of these forms is important in cell resistance to osmotic stress and apoptosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68301. [PMID: 23874579 PMCID: PMC3708942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotic stress has been shown to regulate cytoskeletal protein expression. It is generally known that vimentin is rapidly degraded during apoptosis by multiple caspases, resulting in diverse vimentin fragments. Despite the existence of the known apoptotic vimentin fragments, we demonstrated in our study the existence of different forms of vimentin VIM I, II, III, and IV with different molecular weights in various renal cell lines. Using a proteomics approach followed by western blot analyses and immunofluorescence staining, we proved the apoptosis-independent existence and differential regulation of different vimentin forms under varying conditions of osmolarity in renal cells. Similar impacts of osmotic stress were also observed on the expression of other cytoskeleton intermediate filament proteins; e.g., cytokeratin. Interestingly, 2D western blot analysis revealed that the forms of vimentin are regulated independently of each other under glucose and NaCl osmotic stress. Renal cells, adapted to high NaCl osmotic stress, express a high level of VIM IV (the form with the highest molecular weight), besides the three other forms, and exhibit higher resistance to apoptotic induction with TNF-α or staurosporin compared to the control. In contrast, renal cells that are adapted to high glucose concentration and express only the lower-molecular-weight forms VIM I and II, were more susceptible to apoptosis. Our data proved the existence of different vimentin forms, which play an important role in cell resistance to osmotic stress and are involved in cell protection against apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina S. Buchmaier
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Asima Bibi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard A. Müller
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gry H. Dihazi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marwa Eltoweissy
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jenny Kruegel
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hassan Dihazi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Mahammad S, Murthy SNP, Didonna A, Grin B, Israeli E, Perrot R, Bomont P, Julien JP, Kuczmarski E, Opal P, Goldman RD. Giant axonal neuropathy-associated gigaxonin mutations impair intermediate filament protein degradation. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1964-75. [PMID: 23585478 DOI: 10.1172/jci66387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is an early-onset neurological disorder caused by mutations in the GAN gene (encoding for gigaxonin), which is predicted to be an E3 ligase adaptor. In GAN, aggregates of intermediate filaments (IFs) represent the main pathological feature detected in neurons and other cell types, including patients' dermal fibroblasts. The molecular mechanism by which these mutations cause IFs to aggregate is unknown. Using fibroblasts from patients and normal individuals, as well as Gan-/- mice, we demonstrated that gigaxonin was responsible for the degradation of vimentin IFs. Gigaxonin was similarly involved in the degradation of peripherin and neurofilament IF proteins in neurons. Furthermore, proteasome inhibition by MG-132 reversed the clearance of IF proteins in cells overexpressing gigaxonin, demonstrating the involvement of the proteasomal degradation pathway. Together, these findings identify gigaxonin as a major factor in the degradation of cytoskeletal IFs and provide an explanation for IF aggregate accumulation, the subcellular hallmark of this devastating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleemulla Mahammad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Iqbal AJ, Regan-Komito D, Christou I, White GE, McNeill E, Kenyon A, Taylor L, Kapellos TS, Fisher EA, Channon KM, Greaves DR. A real time chemotaxis assay unveils unique migratory profiles amongst different primary murine macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58744. [PMID: 23516549 PMCID: PMC3597586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis assays are an invaluable tool for studying the biological activity of inflammatory mediators such as CC chemokines, which have been implicated in a wide range of chronic inflammatory diseases. Conventional chemotaxis systems such as the modified Boyden chamber are limited in terms of the data captured given that the assays are analysed at a single time-point. We report the optimisation and validation of a label-free, real-time cell migration assay based on electrical cell impedance to measure chemotaxis of different primary murine macrophage populations in response to a range of CC chemokines and other chemoattractant signalling molecules. We clearly demonstrate key differences in the migratory behavior of different murine macrophage populations and show that this dynamic system measures true macrophage chemotaxis rather than chemokinesis or fugetaxis. We highlight an absolute requirement for Gαi signaling and actin cytoskeletal rearrangement as demonstrated by Pertussis toxin and cytochalasin D inhibition. We also studied the chemotaxis of CD14(+) human monocytes and demonstrate distinct chemotactic profiles amongst different monocyte donors to CCL2. This real-time chemotaxis assay will allow a detailed analysis of factors that regulate macrophage responses to chemoattractant cytokines and inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif J. Iqbal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AJI); (DRG)
| | - Daniel Regan-Komito
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ivy Christou
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma E. White
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen McNeill
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Kenyon
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Taylor
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Theodore S. Kapellos
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- NYU School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and the Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AJI); (DRG)
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MacQueen LA, Thibault M, Buschmann MD, Wertheimer MR. Electromechanical deformation of mammalian cells in suspension depends on their cortical actin thicknesses. J Biomech 2012; 45:2797-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Cells construct a number of plasma membrane structures to meet a range of physiological demands. Driven by juxtamembrane actin machinery, these actin-based membrane protrusions are essential for the operation and maintenance of cellular life. They are required for diverse cellular functions, such as directed cell motility, cell spreading, adhesion, and substrate/matrix degradation. Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) are one class of such structures characterized as F-actin-rich membrane projections on the apical cell surface. CDRs commence their formation minutes after stimulation as flat, open, and immature ruffles and progressively develop into fully enclosed circular ruffles. These "rings" then mature and contract centrifugally before subsiding. Serving a critical function in receptor internalization and cell migration, CDRs are thus highly dynamic but transient formations. Here, we review the current state of knowledge concerning the regulation of circular dorsal ruffles. We focus specifically on the biochemical pathways leading to CDR formation in order to better define the roles and functions of these enigmatic structures.
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