1
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Fujiwara H. Dynamic duo: Cell-extracellular matrix interactions in hair follicle development and regeneration. Dev Biol 2024; 516:20-34. [PMID: 39059679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Ectodermal organs, such as hair follicles, originate from simple epithelial and mesenchymal sheets through a complex developmental process driven by interactions between these cell types. This process involves dermal condensation, placode formation, bud morphogenesis, and organogenesis, and all of these processes require intricate interactions among various tissues. Recent research has emphasized the crucial role of reciprocal and dynamic interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), referred to as the "dynamic duo", in the development of ectodermal organs. These interactions provide spatially and temporally changing biophysical and biochemical cues within tissues. Using the hair follicle as an example, this review highlights two types of cell-ECM adhesion units-focal adhesion-type and hemidesmosome-type adhesion units-that facilitate communication between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. This review further explores how these adhesion units, along with other cell-ECM interactions, evolve during hair follicle development and regeneration, underscoring their importance in guiding both developmental and regenerative processes.
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2
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Miao L, Lu Y, Nusrat A, Zhao L, Castillo M, Xiao Y, Guo H, Liu Y, Gunaratne P, Schwartz RJ, Burns AR, Kumar A, DiPersio CM, Wu M. β1 integrins regulate cellular behaviour and cardiomyocyte organization during ventricular wall formation. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:1279-1294. [PMID: 38794925 PMCID: PMC11416060 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The mechanisms regulating the cellular behaviour and cardiomyocyte organization during ventricular wall morphogenesis are poorly understood. Cardiomyocytes are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM) and interact with ECM via integrins. This study aims to determine whether and how β1 integrins regulate cardiomyocyte behaviour and organization during ventricular wall morphogenesis in the mouse. METHODS AND RESULTS We applied mRNA deep sequencing and immunostaining to determine the expression repertoires of α/β integrins and their ligands in the embryonic heart. Integrin β1 subunit (β1) and some of its ECM ligands are asymmetrically distributed and enriched in the luminal side of cardiomyocytes, and fibronectin surrounds cardiomyocytes, creating a network for them. Itgb1, which encodes the β1, was deleted via Nkx2.5Cre/+ to generate myocardial-specific Itgb1 knockout (B1KO) mice. B1KO hearts display an absence of a trabecular zone but a thicker compact zone. The levels of hyaluronic acid and versican, essential for trabecular initiation, were not significantly different between control and B1KO. Instead, fibronectin, a ligand of β1, was absent in the myocardium of B1KO hearts. Furthermore, B1KO cardiomyocytes display a random cellular orientation and fail to undergo perpendicular cell division, be organized properly, and establish the proper tissue architecture to form trabeculae. Mosaic clonal lineage tracing showed that Itgb1 regulates cardiomyocyte transmural migration and proliferation autonomously. CONCLUSION β1 is asymmetrically localized in the cardiomyocytes, and some of its ECM ligands are enriched along the luminal side of the myocardium, and fibronectin surrounds cardiomyocytes. β1 integrins are required for cardiomyocytes to attach to the ECM network. This engagement provides structural support for cardiomyocytes to maintain shape, undergo perpendicular division, and establish cellular organization. Deletion of Itgb1 leads to loss of β1 and fibronectin and prevents cardiomyocytes from engaging the ECM network, resulting in failure to establish tissue architecture to form trabeculae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Miao
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5039, USA
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5039, USA
| | - Anika Nusrat
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5039, USA
| | - Luqi Zhao
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5039, USA
| | - Micah Castillo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston Sequencing and Gene Editing Core, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
| | - Yongqi Xiao
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5039, USA
| | - Hongyang Guo
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5039, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5039, USA
| | - Preethi Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston Sequencing and Gene Editing Core, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston Sequencing and Gene Editing Core, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
| | - Alan R Burns
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5039, USA
| | | | - Mingfu Wu
- Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5039, USA
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3
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Chen R, Fan R, Chen F, Govindasamy N, Brinkmann H, Stehling M, Adams RH, Jeong HW, Bedzhov I. Analyzing embryo dormancy at single-cell resolution reveals dynamic transcriptional responses and activation of integrin-Yap/Taz prosurvival signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:1262-1279.e8. [PMID: 39047740 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Embryonic diapause is a reproductive adaptation that enables some mammalian species to halt the otherwise continuous pace of embryonic development. In this dormant state, the embryo exploits poorly understood regulatory mechanisms to preserve its developmental potential for prolonged periods of time. Here, using mouse embryos and single-cell RNA sequencing, we molecularly defined embryonic diapause at single-cell resolution, revealing transcriptional dynamics while the embryo seemingly resides in a state of suspended animation. Additionally, we found that the dormant pluripotent cells rely on integrin receptors to sense their microenvironment and preserve their viability via Yap/Taz-mediated prosurvival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Embryonic Self-Organization Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rui Fan
- Embryonic Self-Organization Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fei Chen
- Embryonic Self-Organization Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Niraimathi Govindasamy
- Embryonic Self-Organization Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heike Brinkmann
- Embryonic Self-Organization Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Stehling
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; Single Cell Multi-Omics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Ivan Bedzhov
- Embryonic Self-Organization Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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4
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Winn NC, Roby DA, McClatchey PM, Williams IM, Bracy DP, Bedenbaugh MN, Lantier L, Plosa EJ, Pozzi A, Zent R, Wasserman DH. Endothelial β1 Integrins are Necessary for Microvascular Function and Glucose Uptake. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.18.607045. [PMID: 39229013 PMCID: PMC11370432 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.18.607045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Microvascular insulin delivery to myocytes is rate limiting for the onset of insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. The structural integrity of capillaries of the microvasculature is regulated, in part, by a family of transmembrane adhesion receptors known as integrins, which are composed of an α and β subunit. The integrin β1 (itgβ1) subunit is highly expressed in endothelial cells (EC). EC itgβ1 is necessary for the formation of capillary networks during embryonic during development and its knockdown in adult mice blunts the reactive hyperemia that manifests during ischemia reperfusion. In this study we investigated the contribution of skeletal muscle EC itgβ1 in microcirculatory function and glucose uptake. We hypothesized that loss of EC itgβ1 would impair microvascular hemodynamics and glucose uptake during insulin stimulation, creating 'delivery'-mediated insulin resistance. An itgβ1 knockdown mouse model was developed to avoid lethality of embryonic gene knockout and the deteriorating health resulting from early post-natal inducible gene deletion. We found that mice with (itgβ1fl/flSCLcre) and without (itgβ1fl/fl) inducible stem cell leukemia cre recombinase (SLCcre) expression at 10 days post cre induction have comparable exercise tolerance and pulmonary and cardiac functions. We quantified microcirculatory hemodynamics using intravital microscopy and the ability of mice to respond to the high metabolic demands of insulin-stimulated muscle using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemia clamp. We show that itgβ1fl/flSCLcre mice compared to itgβ1fl/fl littermates have, i) deficits in capillary flow rate, flow heterogeneity, and capillary density; ii) impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake despite sufficient transcapillary insulin efflux; and iii) reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake due to perfusion-limited glucose delivery. Thus, EC itgβ1 is necessary for microcirculatory function and to meet the metabolic challenge of insulin stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deborah A Roby
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Mason McClatchey
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ian M Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deanna P Bracy
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michelle N Bedenbaugh
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erin J Plosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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5
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Greer SE, Haller SJ, Lee D, Dudley AT. N-cadherin and β1 integrin coordinately regulate growth plate cartilage architecture. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar49. [PMID: 38294852 PMCID: PMC11064670 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-03-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatial and temporal regulation of chondrocyte maturation in the growth plate drives growth of many bones. One essential event to generate the ordered cell array characterizing growth plate cartilage is the formation of chondrocyte columns in the proliferative zone via 90-degree rotation of daughter cells to align with the long axis of the bone. Previous studies have suggested crucial roles for cadherins and integrin β1 in column formation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contributions of cadherin- and integrin-mediated cell adhesion in column formation. Here we present new mechanistic insights generated by application of live time-lapse confocal microscopy of cranial base explant cultures, robust genetic mouse models, and new quantitative methods to analyze cell behavior. We show that conditional deletion of either the cell-cell adhesion molecule Cdh2 or the cell-matrix adhesion molecule Itgb1 disrupts column formation. Compound mutants were used to determine a potential reciprocal regulatory interaction between the two adhesion surfaces and identified that defective chondrocyte rotation in a N-cadherin mutant was restored by a heterozygous loss of integrin β1. Our results support a model for which integrin β1, and not N-cadherin, drives chondrocyte rotation and for which N-cadherin is a potential negative regulator of integrin β1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E. Greer
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Stephen J. Haller
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Donghee Lee
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Andrew T. Dudley
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
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6
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Biggs LC, Miroshnikova YA. Nuclear mechanotransduction on skin stem cell fate regulation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 87:102328. [PMID: 38340567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian skin is a highly dynamic and regenerative organ that has long been recognized as a mechanically active composite of tissues withstanding daily compressive and tensile forces that arise from body movement. Importantly, cell- and tissue-scale mechanical signals are critical regulators of skin morphogenesis and homeostasis. These signals are sensed at the cellular periphery and transduced by mechanosensitive proteins within the plasma membrane to the cytoskeletal networks, and eventually into the nucleus to regulate chromatin organization and gene expression. The role of each of these nodes in producing a coherent mechanoresponse at both cell- and tissue-scales is emerging. Here we focus on the key cytoplasmic and nuclear mechanosensitive structures that are critical for the mammalian skin development and homeostatic maintenance. We propose that the mechanical state of the skin, in particular of its nuclear compartment, is a critical rheostat that fine-tunes developmental and homeostatic processes essential for the proper function of the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Biggs
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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7
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Tixi W, Maldonado M, Chang YT, Chiu A, Yeung W, Parveen N, Nelson MS, Hart R, Wang S, Hsu WJ, Fueger P, Kopp JL, Huising MO, Dhawan S, Shih HP. Coordination between ECM and cell-cell adhesion regulates the development of islet aggregation, architecture, and functional maturation. eLife 2023; 12:e90006. [PMID: 37610090 PMCID: PMC10482429 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are three-dimensional cell aggregates consisting of unique cellular composition, cell-to-cell contacts, and interactions with blood vessels. Cell aggregation is essential for islet endocrine function; however, it remains unclear how developing islets establish aggregation. By combining genetic animal models, imaging tools, and gene expression profiling, we demonstrate that islet aggregation is regulated by extracellular matrix signaling and cell-cell adhesion. Islet endocrine cell-specific inactivation of extracellular matrix receptor integrin β1 disrupted blood vessel interactions but promoted cell-cell adhesion and the formation of larger islets. In contrast, ablation of cell-cell adhesion molecule α-catenin promoted blood vessel interactions yet compromised islet clustering. Simultaneous removal of integrin β1 and α-catenin disrupts islet aggregation and the endocrine cell maturation process, demonstrating that establishment of islet aggregates is essential for functional maturation. Our study provides new insights into understanding the fundamental self-organizing mechanism for islet aggregation, architecture, and functional maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Tixi
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Maricela Maldonado
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, California State University, Long BeachLong BeachUnited States
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Amy Chiu
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Wilson Yeung
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Nazia Parveen
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Michael S Nelson
- Light Microscopy Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Ryan Hart
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Shihao Wang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Wu Jih Hsu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Patrick Fueger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Janel L Kopp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Hung Ping Shih
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
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8
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McIntyre DC, Nance J. Niche cells regulate primordial germ cell quiescence in response to basement membrane signaling. Development 2023; 150:dev201640. [PMID: 37497562 PMCID: PMC10445801 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell quiescence, proliferation and differentiation are controlled by interactions with niche cells and a specialized extracellular matrix called basement membrane (BM). Direct interactions with adjacent BM are known to regulate stem cell quiescence; however, it is less clear how niche BM relays signals to stem cells that it does not contact. Here, we examine how niche BM regulates Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). BM regulates PGC quiescence even though PGCs are enwrapped by somatic niche cells and do not contact the BM; this can be demonstrated by depleting laminin, which causes normally quiescent embryonic PGCs to proliferate. We show that following laminin depletion, niche cells relay proliferation-inducing signals from the gonadal BM to PGCs via integrin receptors. Disrupting the BM proteoglycan perlecan blocks PGC proliferation when laminin is depleted, indicating that laminin functions to inhibit a proliferation-inducing signal originating from perlecan. Reducing perlecan levels in fed larvae hampers germline growth, suggesting that BM signals regulate germ cell proliferation under physiological conditions. Our results reveal how BM signals can regulate stem cell quiescence indirectly, by activating niche cell integrin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. McIntyre
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- University of Virginia, Department of Biology, 90 Geldard Drive, Physical Life Science Building Room 318, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Jeremy Nance
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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9
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Sucre JM, Bock F, Negretti NM, Benjamin JT, Gulleman PM, Dong X, Ferguson KT, Jetter CS, Han W, Liu Y, Kook S, Gokey JJ, Guttentag SH, Kropski JA, Blackwell TS, Zent R, Plosa EJ. Alveolar repair following LPS-induced injury requires cell-ECM interactions. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167211. [PMID: 37279065 PMCID: PMC10443799 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During alveolar repair, alveolar type 2 (AT2) epithelial cell progenitors rapidly proliferate and differentiate into flat AT1 epithelial cells. Failure of normal alveolar repair mechanisms can lead to loss of alveolar structure (emphysema) or development of fibrosis, depending on the type and severity of injury. To test if β1-containing integrins are required during repair following acute injury, we administered E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by intratracheal injection to mice with a postdevelopmental deletion of β1 integrin in AT2 cells. While control mice recovered from LPS injury without structural abnormalities, β1-deficient mice had more severe inflammation and developed emphysema. In addition, recovering alveoli were repopulated with an abundance of rounded epithelial cells coexpressing AT2 epithelial, AT1 epithelial, and mixed intermediate cell state markers, with few mature type 1 cells. AT2 cells deficient in β1 showed persistently increased proliferation after injury, which was blocked by inhibiting NF-κB activation in these cells. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that β1-deficient AT2 cells failed to differentiate into mature AT1 epithelial cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that functional alveolar repair after injury with terminal alveolar epithelial differentiation requires β1-containing integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M.S. Sucre
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Fabian Bock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; and
| | | | | | | | - Xinyu Dong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; and
| | | | | | - Wei Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Jason J. Gokey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; and
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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10
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Tkachev V, Vanderbeck A, Perkey E, Furlan SN, McGuckin C, Atria DG, Gerdemann U, Rui X, Lane J, Hunt DJ, Zheng H, Colonna L, Hoffman M, Yu A, Outen R, Kelly S, Allman A, Koch U, Radtke F, Ludewig B, Burbach B, Shimizu Y, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Chen G, Carpenter SM, Harari O, Kuhnert F, Thurston G, Blazar BR, Kean LS, Maillard I. Notch signaling drives intestinal graft-versus-host disease in mice and nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd1175. [PMID: 37379368 PMCID: PMC10896076 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling promotes T cell pathogenicity and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in mice, with a dominant role for the Delta-like Notch ligand DLL4. To assess whether Notch's effects are evolutionarily conserved and to identify the mechanisms of Notch signaling inhibition, we studied antibody-mediated DLL4 blockade in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model similar to human allo-HCT. Short-term DLL4 blockade improved posttransplant survival with durable protection from gastrointestinal GVHD in particular. Unlike prior immunosuppressive strategies tested in the NHP GVHD model, anti-DLL4 interfered with a T cell transcriptional program associated with intestinal infiltration. In cross-species investigations, Notch inhibition decreased surface abundance of the gut-homing integrin α4β7 in conventional T cells while preserving α4β7 in regulatory T cells, with findings suggesting increased β1 competition for α4 binding in conventional T cells. Secondary lymphoid organ fibroblastic reticular cells emerged as the critical cellular source of Delta-like Notch ligands for Notch-mediated up-regulation of α4β7 integrin in T cells after allo-HCT. Together, DLL4-Notch blockade decreased effector T cell infiltration into the gut, with increased regulatory to conventional T cell ratios early after allo-HCT. Our results identify a conserved, biologically unique, and targetable role of DLL4-Notch signaling in intestinal GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tkachev
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ashley Vanderbeck
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology Graduate Group and Veterinary Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Eric Perkey
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Scott N. Furlan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Connor McGuckin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniela Gómez Atria
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ulrike Gerdemann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xianliang Rui
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jennifer Lane
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel J. Hunt
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Hengqi Zheng
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Lucrezia Colonna
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Michelle Hoffman
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Alison Yu
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Riley Outen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Samantha Kelly
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Anneka Allman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ute Koch
- EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Brandon Burbach
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Yoji Shimizu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Guoying Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Leslie S. Kean
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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11
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Rashid M, Olson EC. Delayed cortical development in mice with a neural specific deletion of β1 integrin. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1158419. [PMID: 37250402 PMCID: PMC10213249 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1158419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion systems employed by migrating cortical neurons are not well understood. Genetic deletion studies of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin in mice suggested that these classical focal adhesion molecules control the morphology and speed of cortical neuron migration, but whether β1 integrins also regulate migration morphology and speed is not known. We hypothesized that a β1 integrin adhesion complex is required for proper neuronal migration and for proper cortical development. To test this, we have specifically deleted β1 integrin from postmitotic migrating and differentiating neurons by crossing conditional β1 integrin floxed mice into the NEX-Cre transgenic line. Similar to our prior findings with conditional paxillin deficiency, we found that both homozygous and heterozygous deletion of β1 integrin causes transient mispositioning of cortical neurons in the developing cortex when analyzed pre- and perinatally. Paxillin and β1 integrin colocalize in the migrating neurons and deletion of paxillin in the migrating neuron causes an overall reduction of the β1 integrin immunofluorescence signal and reduction in the number of activated β1 integrin puncta in the migrating neurons. These findings suggest that these molecules may form a functional complex in migrating neurons. Similarly, there was an overall reduced number of paxillin+ puncta in the β1 integrin deficient neurons, despite the normal distribution of FAK and Cx26, a connexin required for cortical migration. The double knockout of paxillin and β1 integrin produces a cortical malpositioning phenotype similar to the paxillin or β1 integrin single knockouts, as would be expected if paxillin and β1 integrin function on a common pathway. Importantly, an isolation-induced pup vocalization test showed that β1 integrin mutants produced a significantly smaller number of calls compared to their littermate controls when analyzed at postnatal day 4 (P4) and revealed a several days trend in reduced vocalization development compared to controls. The current study establishes a role for β1 integrin in cortical development and suggests that β1 integrin deficiency leads to migration and neurodevelopmental delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eric C. Olson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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12
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Ozguldez HO, Govindasamy N, Fan R, Long H, Mildner K, Zeuschner D, Trappmann B, Ranga A, Bedzhov I. Polarity inversion reorganizes the stem cell compartment of the trophoblast lineage. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112313. [PMID: 36989113 PMCID: PMC10157138 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The extra-embryonic tissues that form the placenta originate from a small population of trophectoderm cells with stem cell properties, positioned at the embryonic pole of the mouse blastocyst. During the implantation stages, the polar trophectoderm rapidly proliferates and transforms into extra-embryonic ectoderm. The current model of trophoblast morphogenesis suggests that tissue folding reshapes the trophoblast during the blastocyst to egg cylinder transition. Instead of through folding, here we found that the tissue scale architecture of the stem cell compartment of the trophoblast lineage is reorganized via inversion of the epithelial polarity axis. Our findings show the developmental significance of polarity inversion and provide a framework for the morphogenetic transitions in the peri-implantation trophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice O Ozguldez
- Embryonic Self-Organization Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Niraimathi Govindasamy
- Embryonic Self-Organization Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rui Fan
- Embryonic Self-Organization Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hongyan Long
- Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karina Mildner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Britta Trappmann
- Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Adrian Ranga
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Morphogenesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bedzhov
- Embryonic Self-Organization Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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13
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Keysberg C, Schneider H, Otte K. Production cell analysis and compound-based boosting of small extracellular vesicle secretion using a generic and scalable production platform. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:987-999. [PMID: 36577715 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a novel format of advanced therapeutical medicinal products (ATMPs). They can act regenerative or immune-modulatory as cell therapy substitutes or as a platform for designer exosomes. The biotechnological production of therapeutic EVs is still very much uncharted territory so standardized host cells, production setups, and isolation methods are not yet implemented. In this work, we present a tangential flow filtration (TFF) and fast-performance liquid chromatography (FPLC)-based size exclusion chromatography (SEC) purification setup that is compatible for industry applications. Moreover, we evaluated a series of potential host cell lines regarding their EV productivity, characteristics, and biological functionality. It was found that telomerase-immortalized Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSC/TERT273) secrete high amounts of EVs per cell with regenerative capabilities. On the other hand, Cevec's amniocyte producer cells® (CAP®) and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) suspension cells are suitable platforms for designer EVs with high yields. Finally, we aimed to boost the EV secretion of HEK293 cells via chemical adjuvants and verified four compounds that heighten cellular EV secretion in a presumably cAMP-dependent manner. A combination of fenoterol, iodoacetamide, and dinitrophenol increased the EV yield in HEK293 cells threefold and cellular secretion rate fivefold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Keysberg
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
- International Graduate School for Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Helga Schneider
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
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14
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Rincón-Ortega L, Valencia-Expósito A, Kabanova A, González-Reyes A, Martin-Bermudo MD. Integrins control epithelial stem cell proliferation in the Drosophila ovary by modulating the Notch pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1114458. [PMID: 36926523 PMCID: PMC10011466 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation and differentiation show a remarkable inverse relationship. The temporal coupling between cell cycle withdrawal and differentiation of stem cells (SCs) is crucial for epithelial tissue growth, homeostasis and regeneration. Proliferation vs. differentiation SC decisions are often controlled by the surrounding microenvironment, of which the basement membrane (BM; a specialized form of extracellular matrix surrounding cells and tissues), is one of its main constituents. Years of research have shown that integrin-mediated SC-BM interactions regulate many aspects of SC biology, including the proliferation-to-differentiation switch. However, these studies have also demonstrated that the SC responses to interactions with the BM are extremely diverse and depend on the cell type and state and on the repertoire of BM components and integrins involved. Here, we show that eliminating integrins from the follicle stem cells (FSCs) of the Drosophila ovary and their undifferentiated progeny increases their proliferation capacity. This results in an excess of various differentiated follicle cell types, demonstrating that cell fate determination can occur in the absence of integrins. Because these phenotypes are similar to those found in ovaries with decreased laminin levels, our results point to a role for the integrin-mediated cell-BM interactions in the control of epithelial cell division and subsequent differentiation. Finally, we show that integrins regulate proliferation by restraining the activity of the Notch/Delta pathway during early oogenesis. Our work increases our knowledge of the effects of cell-BM interactions in different SC types and should help improve our understanding of the biology of SCs and exploit their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rincón-Ortega
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Anna Kabanova
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Acaimo González-Reyes
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria D Martin-Bermudo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/JA, Sevilla, Spain
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15
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Rousselle P, Laigle C, Rousselet G. The basement membrane in epidermal polarity, stemness, and regeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1807-C1822. [PMID: 36374168 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00069.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is a specialized epithelium that constitutes the outermost layer of the skin, and it provides a protective barrier against environmental assaults. Primarily consisting of multilayered keratinocytes, the epidermis is continuously renewed by proliferation of stem cells and the differentiation of their progeny, which undergo terminal differentiation as they leave the basal layer and move upward toward the surface, where they die and slough off. Basal keratinocytes rest on a basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction that is composed of specific extracellular matrix proteins organized into interactive and mechanically supportive networks. Firm attachment of basal keratinocytes, and their dynamic regulation via focal adhesions and hemidesmosomes, is essential for maintaining major skin processes, such as self-renewal, barrier function, and resistance to physical and chemical stresses. The adhesive integrin receptors expressed by epidermal cells serve structural, signaling, and mechanosensory roles that are critical for epidermal cell anchorage and tissue homeostasis. More specifically, the basement membrane components play key roles in preserving the stem cell pool, and establishing cell polarity cues enabling asymmetric cell divisions, which result in the transition from a proliferative basal cell layer to suprabasal cells committed to terminal differentiation. Finally, through a well-regulated sequence of synthesis and remodeling, the components of the dermal-epidermal junction play an essential role in regeneration of the epidermis during skin healing. Here too, they provide biological and mechanical signals that are essential to the restoration of barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Laigle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Gaelle Rousselet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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16
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Orr BO, Fetter RD, Davis GW. Activation and expansion of presynaptic signaling foci drives presynaptic homeostatic plasticity. Neuron 2022; 110:3743-3759.e6. [PMID: 36087584 PMCID: PMC9671843 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Presynaptic homeostatic plasticity (PHP) adaptively regulates synaptic transmission in health and disease. Despite identification of numerous genes that are essential for PHP, we lack a dynamic framework to explain how PHP is initiated, potentiated, and limited to achieve precise control of vesicle fusion. Here, utilizing both mice and Drosophila, we demonstrate that PHP progresses through the assembly and physical expansion of presynaptic signaling foci where activated integrins biochemically converge with trans-synaptic Semaphorin2b/PlexinB signaling. Each component of the identified signaling complexes, including alpha/beta-integrin, Semaphorin2b, PlexinB, talin, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and their biochemical interactions, are essential for PHP. Complex integrity requires the Sema2b ligand and complex expansion includes a ∼2.5-fold expansion of active-zone associated puncta composed of the actin-binding protein talin. Finally, complex pre-expansion is sufficient to accelerate the rate and extent of PHP. A working model is proposed incorporating signal convergence with dynamic molecular assemblies that instruct PHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O Orr
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Richard D Fetter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Graeme W Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA.
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17
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Fertilization, but Not Post-Implantation Development, Can Occur in the Absence of Sperm and Oocyte Beta1 Integrin in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213812. [PMID: 36430291 PMCID: PMC9694253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization is a complex process that requires successive stages and culminates in the adhesion/fusion of gamete membranes. If the question of the involvement of oocyte integrins has been swept away by deletion experiments, that of the involvement of sperm integrins remains to be further characterized. In the present study, we addressed the question of the feasibility of sperm-oocyte adhesion/fusion and early implantation in the absence of sperm β1 integrin. Males and females with β1 integrin-depleted sperm and oocytes were mated, and fertilization outcome was monitored by a gestational ultrasound analysis. Results suggest that although the sperm β1 integrin participates in gamete adhesion/fusion, it is dispensable for fertilization in mice. However, sperm- and/or oocyte-originated integrin β1 is essential for post-implantation development. Redundancy phenomena could be at the origin of a compensatory expression or alternative dimerization pattern.
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18
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Howard A, Bojko J, Flynn B, Bowen S, Jungwirth U, Walko G. Targeting the Hippo/YAP/TAZ signalling pathway: Novel opportunities for therapeutic interventions into skin cancers. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1477-1499. [PMID: 35913427 PMCID: PMC9804452 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancers are by far the most frequently diagnosed human cancers. The closely related transcriptional co-regulator proteins YAP and TAZ (WWTR1) have emerged as important drivers of tumour initiation, progression and metastasis in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. YAP/TAZ serve as an essential signalling hub by integrating signals from multiple upstream pathways. In this review, we summarize the roles of YAP/TAZ in skin physiology and tumorigenesis and discuss recent efforts of therapeutic interventions that target YAP/TAZ in in both preclinical and clinical settings, as well as their prospects for use as skin cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jodie Bojko
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK
| | | | - Sophie Bowen
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK,Centre for Therapeutic InnovationUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Gernot Walko
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK,Centre for Therapeutic InnovationUniversity of BathBathUK
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19
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Woon EP, Butkovich LM, Peluso AA, Elbasheir A, Taylor K, Gourley SL. Medial orbitofrontal neurotrophin systems integrate hippocampal input into outcome-specific value representations. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111334. [PMID: 36103822 PMCID: PMC9799221 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In everyday life, we mentally represent possible consequences of our behaviors and integrate specific outcome values into existing knowledge to inform decisions. The medial orbitofrontal cortex (MO) is necessary to adapt behaviors when outcomes are not immediately available-when they and their values need to be envisioned. Nevertheless, neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. We find that the neuroplasticity-associated neurotrophin receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) is necessary for mice to integrate outcome-specific value information into choice behavior. This function appears attributable to memory updating (and not retrieval) and the stabilization of dendritic spines on excitatory MO neurons, which led us to investigate inputs to the MO. Ventral hippocampal (vHC)-to-MO projections appear conditionally necessary for value updating, involved in long-term aversion-based value memory updating. Furthermore, vHC-MO-mediated control of choice is TrkB dependent. Altogether, we reveal a vHC-MO connection by which specific value memories are updated, and we position TrkB within this functional circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen P Woon
- Graduate Training Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Laura M Butkovich
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Arianna A Peluso
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Aziz Elbasheir
- Graduate Training Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kian Taylor
- Graduate Training Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Graduate Training Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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20
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Rap1 controls epiblast morphogenesis in sync with the pluripotency states transition. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1937-1956.e8. [PMID: 35998584 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The complex architecture of the murine fetus originates from a simple ball of pluripotent epiblast cells, which initiate morphogenesis upon implantation. In turn, this establishes an intermediate state of tissue-scale organization of the embryonic lineage in the form of an epithelial monolayer, where patterning signals delineate the body plan. However, how this major morphogenetic process is orchestrated on a cellular level and synchronized with the developmental progression of the epiblast is still obscure. Here, we identified that the small GTPase Rap1 plays a critical role in reshaping the pluripotent lineage. We found that Rap1 activity is controlled via Oct4/Esrrb input and is required for the transmission of polarization cues, which enables the de novo epithelialization and formation of tricellular junctions in the epiblast. Thus, Rap1 acts as a molecular switch that coordinates the morphogenetic program in the embryonic lineage, in sync with the cellular states of pluripotency.
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21
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Li J, Ma J, Zhang Q, Gong H, Gao D, Wang Y, Li B, Li X, Zheng H, Wu Z, Zhu Y, Leng L. Spatially resolved proteomic map shows that extracellular matrix regulates epidermal growth. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4012. [PMID: 35817779 PMCID: PMC9273758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin comprises stratified squamous epithelium and dermis with various stromal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The basement membrane (BM), a thin layer at the top of the dermis, serves as a unique niche for determining the fate of epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) by transmitting physical and biochemical signals to establish epidermal cell polarity and maintain the hierarchical structure and function of skin tissue. However, how stem cell niches maintain tissue homeostasis and control wound healing by regulating the behavior of EpSCs is still not completely understood. In this study, a hierarchical skin proteome map is constructed using spatial quantitative proteomics combined with decellularization, laser capture microdissection, and mass spectrometry. The specific functions of different structures of normal native skin tissues or tissues with a dermatologic disease are analyzed in situ. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ)-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFBI), an ECM glycoprotein, in the BM is identified that could enhance the growth and function of EpSCs and promote wound healing. Our results provide insights into the way in which ECM proteins facilitate the growth and function of EpSCs as part of an important niche. The results may benefit the clinical treatment of skin ulcers or diseases with refractory lesions that involve epidermal cell dysfunction and re-epithelialization block in the future. Ling Leng et al. construct a hierarchical skin proteome map and identify an extracellular matrix glycoprotein TGFBI, which is located in basement membrane and could enhance the growth and function of epidermal stem cells and promote wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huizi Gong
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dunqin Gao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Biyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.,Basic Medical School, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Heyi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China. .,Basic Medical School, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.
| | - Ling Leng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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22
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Abstract
The skin forms a crucial, dynamic barrier between an animal and the external world. In mammals, three stem cell populations possess robust regenerative potential to maintain and repair the body's protective surface: epidermal stem cells, which maintain the stratified epidermis; hair follicle stem cells, which power the cyclic growth of the hair follicle; and melanocyte stem cells, which regenerate pigment-producing melanocytes to color the skin and hair. These stem cells reside in complex microenvironments ("niches") comprising diverse cellular repertoires that enable stem cells to rejuvenate tissues during homeostasis and regenerate them upon injury. Beyond their niches, skin stem cells can also sense and respond to fluctuations in organismal health or changes outside the body. Here, we review these diverse cellular interactions and highlight how far-reaching signals can be transmitted at the local level to enable skin stem cells to tailor their actions to suit the particular occasion and optimize fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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23
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Gerassimov N, Crain C, Bilyeu C, Jacob A, Fan CM. Examining the lineage autonomous role of β3-integrin in muscle regeneration. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22385. [PMID: 35734962 PMCID: PMC9236161 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles can regenerate over the lifetime from resident muscle stem cells (MuSCs). Interactions between MuSCs and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are essential for muscle regeneration. The best‐known receptors for ECM proteins are integrins, a family composed of twenty‐some heterodimeric combinations of an α‐ and a β‐subunit. β1‐integrin (encoded by Itgb1) is required for quiescence, proliferation, migration, and fusion of Pax7+ MuSCs in the mouse model. β3‐integrin (encoded by Itgb3) has been reported to be critical for the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, and Itgb3 germline mutant mice were shown to regenerate few if any myofibers after injury. To investigate the autonomous role of Itgb3 in the myogenic lineage in vivo, we conditionally inactivated a floxed Itgb3 allele (Itgb3F) by constitutive Pax7‐Cre and tamoxifen‐inducible Pax7‐CreERT2 drivers. Unexpectedly, we found no defects in muscle regeneration in both conditional knockout models. In vitro studies using Itgb3 mutant myoblasts or RNAi knockdown of Itgb3 in myoblasts also did not reveal a role for myogenic differentiation. As β1‐ and β3‐integrins share ECM ligands and downstream signaling effectors, we further examined Itgb3's role in a Itgb1 haploid background. Still, we found no evidence for an autonomous role of Itgb3 in muscle regeneration in vivo. Thus, while Itgb3 is critical for the differentiation of C2C12 cells, the regenerative defects reported for the Itgb3 germline mutant are not due to its role in the MuSC. We conclude that if β3‐integrin does have a role in Pax7+ MuSCs, it is compensated by β1‐ and/or another β‐integrin(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gerassimov
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colt Crain
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin Bilyeu
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Harmon RM, Devany J, Gardel ML. Dia1 coordinates differentiation and cell sorting in a stratified epithelium. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202101008. [PMID: 35323863 PMCID: PMC8958268 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although implicated in adhesion, only a few studies address how the actin assembly factors guide cell positioning in multicellular tissues. The formin, Dia1, localizes to the proliferative basal layer of the epidermis. In organotypic cultures, Dia1 depletion reduced basal cell density and resulted in stratified tissues with disorganized differentiation and proliferative markers. Since crowding induces differentiation in epidermal tissues, we hypothesized that Dia1 is essential to reach densities amenable to differentiation before or during stratification. Consistent with this, forced crowding of Dia1-deficient cells rescued transcriptional abnormalities. We find Dia1 promotes rapid growth of lateral cell-cell adhesions, necessary for the construction of a highly crowded monolayer. In aggregation assays, cells sorted into distinct layers based on Dia1 expression status. These results suggest that as basal cells proliferate, reintegration and packing of Dia1-positive daughter cells is favored, whereas Dia1-negative cells tend to delaminate to a suprabasal compartment. This work elucidates the role of formin expression patterns in constructing distinct cellular domains within stratified epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Harmon
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John Devany
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Margaret L. Gardel
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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25
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Kietzman HW, Shapiro LP, Trinoskey-Rice G, Gourley SL. Cell adhesion presence during adolescence controls the architecture of projection-defined prefrontal cortical neurons and reward-related action strategies later in life. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101097. [PMID: 35325840 PMCID: PMC8938620 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent brain development is characterized by neuronal remodeling in the prefrontal cortex; relationships with behavior are largely undefined. Integrins are cell adhesion factors that link the extracellular matrix with intracellular actin cytoskeleton. We find that β1-integrin presence in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PL) during adolescence, but not adulthood, is necessary for mice to select actions based on reward likelihood and value. As such, adult mice that lacked β1-integrin during adolescence failed to modify response strategies when rewards lost value or failed to be delivered. This pattern suggests that β1-integrin-mediated neuronal development is necessary for PL function in adulthood. We next visualized adolescent PL neurons, including those receiving input from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) - thought to signal salience - and projecting to the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) - the striatal output by which the PL controls goal-seeking behavior. Firstly, we found that these projection-defined neurons had a distinct morphology relative to general layer V PL neurons. Secondly, β1-integrin loss triggered the overexpression of stubby-type dendritic spines at the expense of mature spines, including on projection-defined neurons. This phenotype was not observed when β1-integrins were silenced before or after adolescence. Altogether, our experiments localize β1-integrin-mediated cell adhesion within a developing di-synaptic circuit coordinating adaptive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Kietzman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, United States
| | - Lauren P Shapiro
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, United States; Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, United States
| | - Gracy Trinoskey-Rice
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, United States
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, United States; Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, United States; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, United States.
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26
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Toma MA, Liu Z, Wang Q, Zhang L, Li D, Sommar P, Landén NX. Circular Rna Signatures Of Human Healing And Non-Healing Wounds. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2793-2804.e26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Integrating mechanical signals into cellular identity. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:669-680. [PMID: 35337714 PMCID: PMC9288541 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The large arrays of cell types in a multicellular organism are defined by their stereotypic size and/or morphology, and, for cells in vivo, by their anatomic positions. Historically, this identity-structure-function correlation was conceptualized as arising from distinct gene expression programs that dictate how cells appear and behave. However, a growing number of studies suggest that a cell's mechanical state is also an important determinant of its identity, both in lineage-committed cells and in pluripotent stem cells. Defining the mechanism by which mechanical inputs influence complex cellular programs remains an area of ongoing investigation. Here, we discuss how the cytoskeleton actively participates in instructing the response of the nucleus and genome to integrate mechanical and biochemical inputs, with a primary focus on the role of the actomyosin-LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex axis.
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28
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McAndrews KM, Miyake T, Ehsanipour EA, Kelly PJ, Becker LM, McGrail DJ, Sugimoto H, LeBleu VS, Ge Y, Kalluri R. Dermal αSMA + myofibroblasts orchestrate skin wound repair via β1 integrin and independent of type I collagen production. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109470. [PMID: 35212000 PMCID: PMC8982612 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wound repair is essential for organismal survival and failure of which leads to non-healing wounds, a leading health issue worldwide. However, mechanistic understanding of chronic wounds remains a major challenge due to lack of appropriate genetic mouse models. αSMA+ myofibroblasts, a unique class of dermal fibroblasts, are associated with cutaneous wound healing but their precise function remains unknown. We demonstrate that genetic depletion of αSMA+ myofibroblasts leads to pleiotropic wound healing defects, including lack of reepithelialization and granulation, dampened angiogenesis, and heightened hypoxia, hallmarks of chronic non-healing wounds. Other wound-associated FAP+ and FSP1+ fibroblasts do not exhibit such dominant functions. While type I collagen (COL1) expressing cells play a role in the repair process, COL1 produced by αSMA+ myofibroblasts is surprisingly dispensable for wound repair. In contrast, we show that β1 integrin from αSMA+ myofibroblasts, but not TGFβRII, is essential for wound healing, facilitating contractility, reepithelization, and vascularization. Collectively, our study provides evidence for the functions of myofibroblasts in β1 integrin-mediated wound repair with potential implications for treating chronic non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Toru Miyake
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Ehsan A Ehsanipour
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Patience J Kelly
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Lisa M Becker
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Department of Systems BiologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA,Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA,Kellogg School of ManagementNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA
| | - Yejing Ge
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA,Department of BioengineeringRice UniversityHoustonTXUSA,Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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29
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Kato T, Liu N, Morinaga H, Asakawa K, Muraguchi T, Muroyama Y, Shimokawa M, Matsumura H, Nishimori Y, Tan LJ, Hayano M, Sinclair DA, Mohri Y, Nishimura EK. Dynamic stem cell selection safeguards the genomic integrity of the epidermis. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3309-3320.e5. [PMID: 34932948 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining genomic integrity and stability is crucial for life; yet, no tissue-driven mechanism that robustly safeguards the epithelial genome has been discovered. Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) continuously replenish the stratified layers of keratinocytes that protect organisms against various environmental stresses. To study the dynamics of DNA-damaged cells in tissues, we devised an in vivo fate tracing system for EpiSCs with DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and demonstrated that those cells exit from their niches. The clearance of EpiSCs with DSBs is caused by selective differentiation and delamination through the DNA damage response (DDR)-p53-Notch/p21 axis, with the downregulation of ITGB1. Moreover, concomitant enhancement of symmetric cell divisions of surrounding stem cells indicates that the selective elimination of cells with DSBs is coupled with the augmented clonal expansion of intact stem cells. These data collectively demonstrate that tissue autonomy through the dynamic coupling of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms coordinately maintains the genomic quality of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morinaga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Asakawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Taichi Muraguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Muroyama
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mariko Shimokawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Nishimori
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Li Jing Tan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Motoshi Hayano
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory for Ageing Research, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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30
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Kim EJY, Sorokin L, Hiiragi T. ECM-integrin signalling instructs cellular position-sensing to pattern the early mouse embryo. Development 2021; 149:273721. [PMID: 34908109 PMCID: PMC8881741 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Development entails patterned emergence of diverse cell types within the embryo. In mammals, cells positioned inside the embryo give rise to the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually forms the embryo itself. Yet, the molecular basis of how these cells recognise their ‘inside’ position to instruct their fate is unknown. Here, we show that provision of extracellular matrix (ECM) to isolated embryonic cells induces ICM specification and alters the subsequent spatial arrangement between epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PrE) cells that emerge within the ICM. Notably, this effect is dependent on integrin β1 activity and involves apical-to-basal conversion of cell polarity. We demonstrate that ECM-integrin activity is sufficient for ‘inside’ positional signalling and is required for correct EPI/PrE patterning. Thus, our findings highlight the significance of ECM-integrin adhesion in enabling position sensing by cells to achieve tissue patterning. Summary: The importance of patterned cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in early mouse development: ECM signals can modulate both cell fate and the relative spatial arrangement between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Jeong Yoon Kim
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Takashi Hiiragi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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31
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Bhattacharjee O, Ayyangar U, Kurbet AS, Lakshmanan V, Palakodeti D, Ginhoux F, Raghavan S. Epithelial-Macrophage Crosstalk Initiates Sterile Inflammation in Embryonic Skin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718005. [PMID: 34721382 PMCID: PMC8553113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly responsive to the environmental cues and are the primary responders to tissue stress and damage. While much is known about the role of macrophages during inflammatory disease progression; the initial series of events that set up the inflammation remains less understood. In this study, we use next generation sequencing (NGS) of embryonic skin macrophages and the niche cells - skin epithelia and stroma in the epidermis specific knockout of integrin beta 1 (Itgβ1) model to uncover specific roles of each cell type and identify how these cell types communicate to initiate the sterile inflammatory response. We demonstrate that while the embryonic skin fibroblasts in the Itgβ1 knockout skin are relatively inactive, the keratinocytes and macrophages are the critical responders to the sterile inflammatory cues. The epidermis expresses damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), stress response genes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines that aid in eliciting the inflammatory response. The macrophages, in-turn, respond by acquiring enhanced M2-like characteristics expressing ECM remodeling and matrisome signatures that exacerbate the basement membrane disruption. Depletion of macrophages by blocking the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) results in improved basement membrane integrity and reduced ECM remodeling activity in the KO skin. Further, blocking the skin inflammation with celecoxib reveals that the acquired fate of macrophages in the KO skin is dependent on its interaction with the epidermal compartment through COX2 dependent cytokine production. Taken together, our study highlights a critical crosstalk between the epithelia and the dermal macrophages that shapes macrophage fate and initiates sterile inflammation in the skin. The insights gained from our study can be extrapolated to other inflammatory disorders to understand the early events that set up the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrila Bhattacharjee
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Sastra University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Uttkarsh Ayyangar
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Sastra University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Ambika S. Kurbet
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Sastra University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Vairavan Lakshmanan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Sastra University, Thanjavur, India
- Integrative Chemical Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Dasaradhi Palakodeti
- Integrative Chemical Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srikala Raghavan
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Skin Research Lab (A*SRL), Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Lechler T, Mapelli M. Spindle positioning and its impact on vertebrate tissue architecture and cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:691-708. [PMID: 34158639 PMCID: PMC10544824 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular systems, oriented cell divisions are essential for morphogenesis and homeostasis as they determine the position of daughter cells within the tissue and also, in many cases, their fate. Early studies in invertebrates led to the identification of conserved core mechanisms of mitotic spindle positioning centred on the Gαi-LGN-NuMA-dynein complex. In recent years, much has been learnt about the way this complex functions in vertebrate cells. In particular, studies addressed how the Gαi-LGN-NuMA-dynein complex dynamically crosstalks with astral microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton, and how it is regulated to orient the spindle according to cellular and tissue-wide cues. We have also begun to understand how dynein motors and actin regulators interact with mechanosensitive adhesion molecules sensing extracellular mechanical stimuli, such as cadherins and integrins, and with signalling pathways so as to respond to extracellular cues instructing the orientation of the division axis in vivo. In this Review, with the focus on epithelial tissues, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of mitotic spindle orientation in vertebrate cells, and how this machinery is regulated by epithelial cues and extracellular signals to maintain tissue cohesiveness during mitosis. We also outline recent knowledge of how spindle orientation impacts tissue architecture in epithelia and its emerging links to the regulation of cell fate decisions. Finally, we describe how defective spindle orientation can be corrected or its effects eliminated in tissues under physiological conditions, and the pathological implications associated with spindle misorientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Marina Mapelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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33
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Di Russo J, Young JL, Wegner JW, Steins T, Kessler H, Spatz JP. Integrin α5β1 nano-presentation regulates collective keratinocyte migration independent of substrate rigidity. eLife 2021; 10:69861. [PMID: 34554089 PMCID: PMC8460267 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanometer-scale properties of the extracellular matrix influence many biological processes, including cell motility. While much information is available for single-cell migration, to date, no knowledge exists on how the nanoscale presentation of extracellular matrix receptors influences collective cell migration. In wound healing, basal keratinocytes collectively migrate on a fibronectin-rich provisional basement membrane to re-epithelialize the injured skin. Among other receptors, the fibronectin receptor integrin α5β1 plays a pivotal role in this process. Using a highly specific integrin α5β1 peptidomimetic combined with nanopatterned hydrogels, we show that keratinocyte sheets regulate their migration ability at an optimal integrin α5β1 nanospacing. This efficiency relies on the effective propagation of stresses within the cell monolayer independent of substrate stiffness. For the first time, this work highlights the importance of extracellular matrix receptor nanoscale organization required for efficient tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Di Russo
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Aachen, Germany.,DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennifer L Young
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Timmy Steins
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advance Study, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular System Engineering - IMSE - Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max Planck School Matter to Life, Heidelberg, Germany
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Whyte AJ, Trinoskey-Rice G, Davies RA, Woon EP, Foster SL, Shapiro LP, Li DC, Srikanth KD, Gil-Henn H, Gourley SL. Cell Adhesion Factors in the Orbitofrontal Cortex Control Cue-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking and Amygdala-Dependent Goal Seeking. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5923-5936. [PMID: 34074735 PMCID: PMC8265806 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0781-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated cocaine exposure causes dendritic spine loss in the orbitofrontal cortex, which might contribute to poor orbitofrontal cortical function following drug exposure. One challenge, however, has been verifying links between neuronal structural plasticity and behavior, if any. Here we report that cocaine self-administration triggers the loss of dendritic spines on excitatory neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex of male and female mice (as has been reported in rats). To understand functional consequences, we locally ablated neuronal β1-integrins, cell adhesion receptors that adhere cells to the extracellular matrix and thus support dendritic spine stability. Degradation of β1-integrin tone: (1) caused dendritic spine loss, (2) exaggerated cocaine-seeking responses in a cue-induced reinstatement test, and (3) impaired the ability of mice to integrate new learning into familiar routines, a key function of the orbitofrontal cortex. Stimulating Abl-related gene kinase, overexpressing Proline-rich tyrosine kinase, and inhibiting Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase corrected response strategies, uncovering a β1-integrin-mediated signaling axis that controls orbitofrontal cortical function. Finally, use of a combinatorial gene silencing/chemogenetic strategy revealed that β1-integrins support the ability of mice to integrate new information into established behaviors by sustaining orbitofrontal cortical connections with the basolateral amygdala.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cocaine degenerates dendritic spines in the orbitofrontal cortex, a region of the brain involved in interlacing new information into established behaviors. One challenge has been verifying links between cellular structural stability and behavior, if any. In this second of two related investigations, we study integrin family receptors, which adhere cells to the extracellular matrix and thereby stabilize dendritic spines (see also DePoy et al., 2019). We reveal that β1-integrins in the orbitofrontal cortex control food- and cocaine-seeking behaviors. For instance, β1-integrin loss amplifies cocaine-seeking behavior and impairs the ability of mice to integrate new learning into familiar routines. We identify likely intracellular signaling partners by which β1-integrins support orbitofrontal cortical function and connectivity with the basolateral amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonzo J Whyte
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Gracy Trinoskey-Rice
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Rachel A Davies
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Ellen P Woon
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Stephanie L Foster
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Lauren P Shapiro
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Dan C Li
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | | | - Hava Gil-Henn
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
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Howden JD, Michael M, Hight-Warburton W, Parsons M. α2β1 integrins spatially restrict Cdc42 activity to stabilise adherens junctions. BMC Biol 2021; 19:130. [PMID: 34158053 PMCID: PMC8220754 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Keratinocytes form the main protective barrier in the skin to separate the underlying tissue from the external environment. In order to maintain this barrier, keratinocytes form robust junctions between neighbouring cells as well as with the underlying extracellular matrix. Cell–cell adhesions are mediated primarily through cadherin receptors, whereas the integrin family of transmembrane receptors is predominantly associated with assembly of matrix adhesions. Integrins have been shown to also localise to cell–cell adhesions, but their role at these sites remains unclear. Results Here we show that α2β1 integrins are enriched at mature keratinocyte cell–cell adhesions, where they play a crucial role in organising cytoskeletal networks to stabilize adherens junctions. Loss of α2β1 integrin has significant functional phenotypes associated with cell–cell adhesion destabilisation, including increased proliferation, reduced migration and impaired barrier function. Mechanistically, we show that α2β1 integrins suppress activity of Src and Shp2 at cell–cell adhesions leading to enhanced Cdc42–GDI interactions and stabilisation of junctions between neighbouring epithelial cells. Conclusion Our data reveals a new role for α2β1 integrins in controlling integrity of epithelial cell–cell adhesions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01054-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake D Howden
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Magdalene Michael
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Willow Hight-Warburton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Tiwari SK, Mandal S. Mitochondrial Control of Stem Cell State and Fate: Lessons From Drosophila. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:606639. [PMID: 34012959 PMCID: PMC8128071 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.606639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, Drosophila has served as a wonderful genetically tractable model system to unravel various facets of tissue-resident stem cells in their microenvironment. Studies in different stem and progenitor cell types of Drosophila have led to the discovery of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors crucial for stem cell state and fate. Though initially touted as the ATP generating machines for carrying various cellular processes, it is now increasingly becoming clear that mitochondrial processes alone can override the cellular program of stem cells. The last few years have witnessed a surge in our understanding of mitochondria's contribution to governing different stem cell properties in their subtissular niches in Drosophila. Through this review, we intend to sum up and highlight the outcome of these in vivo studies that implicate mitochondria as a central regulator of stem cell fate decisions; to find the commonalities and uniqueness associated with these regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Tiwari
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
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de Groot SC, Ulrich MMW, Gho CG, Huisman MA. Back to the Future: From Appendage Development Toward Future Human Hair Follicle Neogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661787. [PMID: 33912569 PMCID: PMC8075059 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair disorders such as alopecia and hirsutism often impact the social and psychological well-being of an individual. This also holds true for patients with severe burns who have lost their hair follicles (HFs). HFs stimulate proper wound healing and prevent scar formation; thus, HF research can benefit numerous patients. Although hair development and hair disorders are intensively studied, human HF development has not been fully elucidated. Research on human fetal material is often subject to restrictions, and thus development, disease, and wound healing studies remain largely dependent on time-consuming and costly animal studies. Although animal experiments have yielded considerable and useful information, it is increasingly recognized that significant differences exist between animal and human skin and that it is important to obtain meaningful human models. Human disease specific models could therefore play a key role in future therapy. To this end, hair organoids or hair-bearing skin-on-chip created from the patient’s own cells can be used. To create such a complex 3D structure, knowledge of hair genesis, i.e., the early developmental process, is indispensable. Thus, uncovering the mechanisms underlying how HF progenitor cells within human fetal skin form hair buds and subsequently HFs is of interest. Organoid studies have shown that nearly all organs can be recapitulated as mini-organs by mimicking embryonic conditions and utilizing the relevant morphogens and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Therefore, knowledge of the cellular and ECM proteins in the skin of human fetuses is critical to understand the evolution of epithelial tissues, including skin appendages. This review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of the cellular changes occurring during human skin and HF development. We further discuss the potential implementation of this knowledge in establishing a human in vitro model of a full skin substitute containing hair follicles and the subsequent translation to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C de Groot
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Beverwijk, Netherlands.,Hair Science Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Coen G Gho
- Hair Science Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Margriet A Huisman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Goggins BJ, Minahan K, Sherwin S, Soh WS, Pryor J, Bruce J, Liu G, Mathe A, Knight D, Horvat JC, Walker MM, Keely S. Pharmacological HIF-1 stabilization promotes intestinal epithelial healing through regulation of α-integrin expression and function. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G420-G438. [PMID: 33470153 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00192.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelia are critical for maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis. Epithelial barrier injury, causing inflammation and vascular damage, results in inflammatory hypoxia, and thus, healing occurs in an oxygen-restricted environment. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 regulates genes important for cell survival and repair, including the cell adhesion protein β1-integrin. Integrins function as αβ-dimers, and α-integrin-matrix binding is critical for cell migration. We hypothesized that HIF-1 stabilization accelerates epithelial migration through integrin-dependent pathways. We aimed to examine functional and posttranslational activity of α-integrins during HIF-1-mediated intestinal epithelial healing. Wound healing was assessed in T84 monolayers over 24 h with/without prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor (PHDi) (GB-004), which stabilizes HIF-1. Gene and protein expression were measured by RT-PCR and immunoblot, and α-integrin localization was assessed by immunofluorescence. α-integrin function was assessed by antibody-mediated blockade, and integrin α6 regulation was determined by HIF-1α chromatin immunoprecipitation. Models of mucosal wounding and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis were used to examine integrin expression and localization in vivo. PHDi treatment accelerated wound closure and migration within 12 h, associated with increased integrin α2 and α6 protein, but not α3. Functional blockade of integrins α2 and α6 inhibited PHDi-mediated accelerated wound closure. HIF-1 bound directly to the integrin α6 promoter. PHDi treatment accelerated mucosal healing, which was associated with increased α6 immunohistochemical staining in wound-associated epithelium and wound-adjacent tissue. PHDi treatment increased α6 protein levels in colonocytes of TNBS mice and induced α6 staining in regenerating crypts and reepithelialized inflammatory lesions. Together, these data demonstrate a role for HIF-1 in regulating both integrin α2 and α6 responses during intestinal epithelial healing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY HIF-1 plays an important role in epithelial restitution, selectively inducing integrins α6 and α2 to promote migration and proliferation, respectively. HIF-stabilizing prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors accelerate intestinal mucosal healing by inducing epithelial integrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridie J Goggins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kyra Minahan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simonne Sherwin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wai S Soh
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Pryor
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Bruce
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Mathe
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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MicroRNA-26a inhibits wound healing through decreased keratinocytes migration by regulating ITGA5 through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226470. [PMID: 32955094 PMCID: PMC7533280 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Keratinocyte migration is essential for skin wound healing and recent studies demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the differentiation, migration and apoptosis in keratinocytes. However, the function of miR-26a in wound healing remains to be largely explored. Methods: Northern blot and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the miR-26a expression and Western blot was used to detect integrin α-5 (ITGA5), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), p-PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT) and p-AKT protein expression in immortalized human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) after 2 ng/ml transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) treatment for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h. Transwell assay and Wound healing assay were introduced to measure the cell migration of HaCaT cells. TargetScan online database, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were employed to confirm the relationship between miR-26a and ITGA5. Results: The RNA expression of miR-26a was down-regulated and ITGA5 protein expression was up-regulated by TGF-β1 treatment in HaCaT and NHEK cells in a time-dependent manner. MiR-26a overexpression inhibited the migration of HaCaT cells induced by TGF-β1 while miR-26a inhibitor enhanced the migration. ITGA5 was a downstream target mRNA and regulated by miR-26a. ITGA5 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-26a on migration in HaCaT, while ITGA5 knockdown attenuated the stimulative effect of miR-26a inhibitor in HaCaT via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion: MiR-26a overexpression inhibited TGF-β1 induced HaCaT cells migration via down-regulating ITGA5 through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Carley E, Stewart RM, Zieman A, Jalilian I, King DE, Zubek A, Lin S, Horsley V, King MC. The LINC complex transmits integrin-dependent tension to the nuclear lamina and represses epidermal differentiation. eLife 2021; 10:e58541. [PMID: 33779546 PMCID: PMC8051949 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While the mechanisms by which chemical signals control cell fate have been well studied, the impact of mechanical inputs on cell fate decisions is not well understood. Here, using the well-defined system of keratinocyte differentiation in the skin, we examine whether and how direct force transmission to the nucleus regulates epidermal cell fate. Using a molecular biosensor, we find that tension on the nucleus through linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes requires integrin engagement in undifferentiated epidermal stem cells and is released during differentiation concomitant with decreased tension on A-type lamins. LINC complex ablation in mice reveals that LINC complexes are required to repress epidermal differentiation in vivo and in vitro and influence accessibility of epidermal differentiation genes, suggesting that force transduction from engaged integrins to the nucleus plays a role in maintaining keratinocyte progenitors. This work reveals a direct mechanotransduction pathway capable of relaying adhesion-specific signals to regulate cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Carley
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Rachel M Stewart
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Abigail Zieman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Iman Jalilian
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Diane E King
- Sunnycrest BioinformaticsFlemingtonUnited States
| | - Amanda Zubek
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Samantha Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Megan C King
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
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Differentiated Daughter Cells Regulate Stem Cell Proliferation and Fate through Intra-tissue Tension. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 28:436-452.e5. [PMID: 33264636 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Basal stem cells fuel development, homeostasis, and regeneration of the epidermis. The proliferation and fate decisions of these cells are highly regulated by their microenvironment, including the basement membrane and underlying mesenchymal cells. Basal progenitors give rise to differentiated progeny that generate the epidermal barrier. Here, we present data that differentiated progeny also regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of basal progenitor cells. Using two distinct mouse lines, we found that increasing contractility of differentiated cells resulted in non-cell-autonomous hyperproliferation of stem cells and prevented their commitment to a hair follicle lineage. This increased contractility also impaired movement of basal progenitors during hair placode morphogenesis and diminished migration of melanoblasts. These data suggest that intra-tissue tension regulates stem cell proliferation, fate decisions, and migration and that differentiated epidermal keratinocytes are a component of the stem cell niche that regulates development and homeostasis of the skin.
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Masuzaki R, Ray KC, Roland J, Zent R, Lee YA, Karp SJ. Integrin β1 Establishes Liver Microstructure and Modulates Transforming Growth Factor β during Liver Development and Regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:309-319. [PMID: 33159885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A unique and complex microstructure underlies the diverse functions of the liver. Breakdown of this organization, as occurs in fibrosis and cirrhosis, impairs liver function and leads to disease. The role of integrin β1 was examined both in establishing liver microstructure and recreating it after injury. Embryonic deletion of integrin β1 in the liver disrupts the normal development of hepatocyte polarity, specification of cell-cell junctions, and canalicular formation. This in turn leads to the expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and widespread fibrosis. Targeted deletion of integrin β1 in adult hepatocytes prevents recreation of normal hepatocyte architecture after liver injury, with resultant fibrosis. In vitro, integrin β1 is essential for canalicular formation and is needed to prevent stellate cell activation by modulating TGF-β. Taken together, these findings identify integrin β1 as a key determinant of liver architecture with a critical role as a regulator of TGF-β secretion. These results suggest that disrupting the hepatocyte-extracellular matrix interaction is sufficient to drive fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Masuzaki
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kevin C Ray
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph Roland
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Youngmin A Lee
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Seth J Karp
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Kleiser S, Nyström A. Interplay between Cell-Surface Receptors and Extracellular Matrix in Skin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1170. [PMID: 32796709 PMCID: PMC7465455 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin consists of the epidermis and dermis, which are connected by a specialized basement membrane-the epidermal basement membrane. Both the epidermal basement membrane and the underlying interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) created by dermal fibroblasts contain distinct network-forming macromolecules. These matrices play various roles in order to maintain skin homeostasis and integrity. Within this complex interplay of cells and matrices, cell surface receptors play essential roles not only for inside-out and outside-in signaling, but also for establishing mechanical and biochemical properties of skin. Already minor modulations of this multifactorial cross-talk can lead to severe and systemic diseases. In this review, major epidermal and dermal cell surface receptors will be addressed with respect to their interactions with matrix components as well as their roles in fibrotic, inflammatory or tumorigenic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kleiser
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Panicker N, Coutman M, Lawlor-O’Neill C, Kahl RGS, Roselli S, Verrills NM. Ppp2r2a Knockout Mice Reveal That Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulatory Subunit, PP2A-B55α, Is an Essential Regulator of Neuronal and Epidermal Embryonic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:358. [PMID: 32582689 PMCID: PMC7290052 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a master regulator of the complex cellular signaling that occurs during all stages of mammalian development. PP2A is composed of a catalytic, a structural, and regulatory subunit, for which there are multiple isoforms. The association of specific regulatory subunits determines substrate specificity and localization of phosphatase activity, however, the precise role of each regulatory subunit in development is not known. Here we report the generation of the first knockout mouse for the Ppp2r2a gene, encoding the PP2A-B55α regulatory subunit, using CRISPR/Cas9. Heterozygous animals developed and grew as normal, however, homozygous knockout mice were not viable. Analysis of embryos at different developmental stages found a normal Mendelian ratio of Ppp2r2a-/- embryos at embryonic day (E) 10.5 (25%), but reduced Ppp2r2a-/- embryos at E14.5 (18%), and further reduced at E18.5 (10%). No live Ppp2r2a-/- pups were observed at birth. Ppp2r2a-/- embryos were significantly smaller than wild-type or heterozygous littermates and displayed a variety of neural defects such as exencephaly, spina bifida, and cranial vault collapse, as well as syndactyly and severe epidermal defects; all processes driven by growth and differentiation of the ectoderm. Ppp2r2a-/- embryos had incomplete epidermal barrier acquisition, associated with thin, poorly differentiated stratified epithelium with weak attachment to the underlying dermis. The basal keratinocytes in Ppp2r2a-/- embryos were highly disorganized, with reduced immunolabeling of integrins and basement membrane proteins, suggesting impaired focal adhesion and hemidesmosome assembly. The spinous and granular layers were thinner in the Ppp2r2a-/- embryos, with aberrant expression of adherens and tight junction associated proteins. The overlying stratum corneum was either absent or incomplete. Thus PP2A-B55α is an essential regulator of epidermal stratification, and is essential for ectodermal development during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Panicker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Melody Coutman
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Charley Lawlor-O’Neill
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard G. S. Kahl
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Séverine Roselli
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole M. Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
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Yoo M, Barisoni LMC, Lee K, Gusella GL. Integrin-β 1 is required for the renal cystogenesis caused by ciliary defects. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1306-F1312. [PMID: 32308017 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00070.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the function of primary cilia are commonly associated with the development of renal cysts. On the other hand, the intact cilium appears to contribute a cystogenic signal whose effectors remain unclear. As integrin-β1 is required for the cystogenesis caused by the deletion of the polycystin 1 gene, we asked whether it would be similarly important in the cystogenetic process caused by other ciliary defects. We addressed this question by investigating the effect of integrin-β1 deletion in a ciliopathy genetic model in which the Ift88 gene, a component of complex B of intraflagellar transport that is required for the proper assembly of cilia, is specifically ablated in principal cells of the collecting ducts. We showed that the renal cystogenesis caused by loss of Ift88 is prevented when integrin-β1 is simultaneously depleted. In parallel, pathogenetic manifestations of the disease, such as increased inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis, were also significantly reduced. Overall, our data indicate that integrin-β1 is also required for the renal cystogenesis caused by ciliary defects and point to integrin-β1-controlled pathways as common drivers of the disease and as possible targets to interfere with the cystogenesis caused by ciliary defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Yoo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Laura M C Barisoni
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - G Luca Gusella
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Integrin β1 in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Accelerates Wound Healing via Activating PI3K/AKT Pathway. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:183-192. [PMID: 32200515 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the effect of integrin β1 on wound healing induced by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), as well as the corresponding mechanism. METHODS Integrin β1 was overexpressed in ADSCs. Thereafter, flow cytometry and transwell chambers technology were used to measure the endothelial-like differentiation (CD31 as a biomarker of endothelial cell) and cell migration, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the activation of PI3K/AKT, NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways. The effects of integrin β1 overexpression on healing time, healing rate and fibroblast number were further evaluated in the rat models of chronic refractory wound. RESULTS The overexpression of integrin β1 increased CD31+ endothelial-like cells (about 3.6-fold), promoted cell migration (about 1.9-fold) and enhanced the activation of PI3K (p-PI3K; about 2.1-fold) and AKT (p-AKT; about 2.2-fold). These effects were all weakened when PI3K/AKT pathway was inhibited by LY294002 treatment. In addition, the experiments in rat wound models showed that integrin β1 overexpression obviously shortened healing time (approximately 0.41-fold), increased healing rate (about 2.7-fold, 2.8-fold and 1.6-fold at day 7, 14 and 21) and increased the number of fibroblasts (approximately 3.1-fold at day 21). All of the above differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Integrin β1 can promote the migration and endothelial-like differentiation of ADSCs by activating PI3K/AKT pathway and then enhance the function of ADSCs in promoting wound healing.
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Altstätter J, Hess MW, Costell M, Montanez E. α-parvin is required for epidermal morphogenesis, hair follicle development and basal keratinocyte polarity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230380. [PMID: 32163511 PMCID: PMC7067437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal morphogenesis and hair follicle (HF) development depend on the ability of keratinocytes to adhere to the basement membrane (BM) and migrate along the extracellular matrix. Integrins are cell-matrix receptors that control keratinocyte adhesion and migration, and are recognized as major regulators of epidermal homeostasis. How integrins regulate the behavior of keratinocytes during epidermal morphogenesis remains insufficiently understood. Here, we show that α-parvin (α-pv), a focal adhesion protein that couples integrins to actin cytoskeleton, is indispensable for epidermal morphogenesis and HF development. Inactivation of the murine α-pv gene in basal keratinocytes results in keratinocyte-BM detachment, epidermal thickening, ectopic keratinocyte proliferation and altered actin cytoskeleton polarization. In vitro, α-pv-null keratinocytes display reduced adhesion to BM matrix components, aberrant spreading and stress fibers formation, and impaired directed migration. Together, our data demonstrate that α-pv controls epidermal homeostasis by facilitating integrin-mediated adhesion and actin cytoskeleton organization in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Altstätter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mercedes Costell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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Paraskevopoulou V, Bonis V, Dionellis VS, Paschalidis N, Melissa P, Chavdoula E, Vasilaki E, Pateras IS, Klinakis A. Notch controls urothelial integrity in the mouse bladder. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133232. [PMID: 32051338 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway mediates cell-cell communication regulating cell differentiation and proliferation and cell fate decisions in various tissues. In the urinary bladder, Notch acts as a tumor suppressor in mice, while mutations in Notch pathway components have been identified in human bladder cancer as well. Here we report that the genetic inactivation of Notch in mice leads to downregulation of cell-cell and cell-ECM interaction components, including proteins previously implicated in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), structural defects and mucosal sloughing, inflammation, and leaky urine-blood barrier. Molecular profiling of ailing mouse bladders showed similarities with IC/BPS patient tissue, which also presented low Notch pathway activity as indicated by reduced expression of canonical Notch targets. Urothelial integrity was reconstituted upon exogenous reactivation of the Notch pathway, implying a direct involvement of Notch. Despite damage and inflammation, urothelial cells failed to proliferate, uncovering a possible role for α4 integrin in urothelial homeostasis. Our data uncover a broad role for Notch in bladder homeostasis involving urothelial cell crosstalk with the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Paraskevopoulou
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vangelis Bonis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis S Dionellis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Pelagia Melissa
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Vasilaki
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Plosa EJ, Benjamin JT, Sucre JM, Gulleman PM, Gleaves LA, Han W, Kook S, Polosukhin VV, Haake SM, Guttentag SH, Young LR, Pozzi A, Blackwell TS, Zent R. β1 Integrin regulates adult lung alveolar epithelial cell inflammation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:129259. [PMID: 31873073 PMCID: PMC7098727 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins, the extracellular matrix receptors that facilitate cell adhesion and migration, are necessary for organ morphogenesis; however, their role in maintaining adult tissue homeostasis is poorly understood. To define the functional importance of β1 integrin in adult mouse lung, we deleted it after completion of development in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Aged β1 integrin-deficient mice exhibited chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-like (COPD-like) pathology characterized by emphysema, lymphoid aggregates, and increased macrophage infiltration. These histopathological abnormalities were preceded by β1 integrin-deficient AEC dysfunction such as excessive ROS production and upregulation of NF-κB-dependent chemokines, including CCL2. Genetic deletion of the CCL2 receptor, Ccr2, in mice with β1 integrin-deficient type 2 AECs impaired recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages and resulted in accelerated inflammation and severe premature emphysematous destruction. The lungs exhibited reduced AEC efferocytosis and excessive numbers of inflamed type 2 AECs, demonstrating the requirement for recruited monocytes/macrophages in limiting lung injury and remodeling in the setting of a chronically inflamed epithelium. These studies support a critical role for β1 integrin in alveolar homeostasis in the adult lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Linda A. Gleaves
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Vasiliy V. Polosukhin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Scott M. Haake
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Lisa R. Young
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine,,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine,,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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50
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Rattanachitthawat N, Pinkhien T, Opanasopit P, Ngawhirunpat T, Chanvorachote P. Finasteride Enhances Stem Cell Signals of Human Dermal Papilla Cells. In Vivo 2019; 33:1209-1220. [PMID: 31280211 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Finasteride (FN) has been widely used to treat androgenetic alopecia (AGA). This study aimed at exploring the effect of FN on DP stem cell properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effect of FN on stem cell properties was tested in a DP cell line and 2 human primary DP cells (HDPCs1 and HDPCs2). Cell toxicity and growth were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The aggregation behavior was observed by phase-contrast microscopy and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Effects of FN on cell signaling were determined by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Treatment of DPCs with FN was able to significantly increase their aggregation behavior and the expression of stem cell transcription factors Nanog and Sox-2, when compared to the non-treated control. FN up-regulated stem cell regulatory proteins through the activation of protein kinase B (AKT), β-catenin, and integrin-β1. CONCLUSION FN had an interesting biological effect on stem cell induction. These findings support the use of this drug for hair loss control and the development of regeneration approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napapat Rattanachitthawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Sanamchan Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovation Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Sanamchan Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Tatchakorn Pinkhien
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Sanamchan Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovation Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Sanamchan Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Sanamchan Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand .,Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovation Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Sanamchan Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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