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Kwon S, Cheon S, Kim KH, Seo A, Bae E, Lee JW, Cha RH, Hwang JH, Kim YC, Kim DK, Kim YS, Han D, Yang SH. Unveiling the role of transgelin as a prognostic and therapeutic target in kidney fibrosis via a proteomic approach. Exp Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s12276-024-01319-7. [PMID: 39375532 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression involves tubulointerstitial fibrosis, a process characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation. To identify potential biomarkers for kidney fibrosis, we performed mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling of human kidney tubular epithelial cells and kidney tissue from a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model. Multidisciplinary analysis across kidney fibrosis models revealed 351 differentially expressed proteins associated with kidney fibrosis, and they were enriched in processes related to the extracellular matrix, kidney aging, and mitochondrial functions. Network analysis of the selected proteins revealed five crucial proteins, of which transgelin emerged as a candidate protein that interacts with known fibrosis-related proteins. Concordantly, the gene expression of transgelin in the kidney tissue from the 5/6 nephrectomy model was elevated. Transgelin expression in kidney tissue gradually increased from intermediate to advanced fibrosis stages in 5/6 Nx rats and mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Subsequent validation in kidney tissue and urine samples from patients with CKD confirmed the upregulation of transgelin, particularly under advanced disease stages. Moreover, we investigated whether blocking TAGLN ameliorated kidney fibrosis and reduced reactive oxygen species levels in cellular models. In conclusion, our proteomic approach identified TAGLN as a potential noninvasive biomarker and therapeutic target for CKD-associated kidney fibrosis, suggesting its role in modulating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soie Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Hong Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Seo
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Nephrology Clinic, National Cancer Center of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran-Hui Cha
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Escalante LE, Hose J, Howe H, Paulsen N, Place M, Gasch AP. Premature aging in aneuploid yeast is caused in part by aneuploidy-induced defects in Ribosome Quality Control. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.22.600216. [PMID: 38948718 PMCID: PMC11213126 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.22.600216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Premature aging is a hallmark of Down syndrome, caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21, but the reason is unclear and difficult to study in humans. We used an aneuploid model in wild yeast to show that chromosome amplification disrupts nutrient-induced cell-cycle arrest, quiescence entry, and healthy aging, across genetic backgrounds and amplified chromosomes. We discovered that these defects are due in part to aneuploidy-induced dysfunction in Ribosome Quality Control (RQC). Compared to euploids, aneuploids entering quiescence display aberrant ribosome profiles, accumulate RQC intermediates, and harbor an increased load of protein aggregates. Although they have normal proteasome capacity, aneuploids show signs of ubiquitin dysregulation, which impacts cyclin abundance to disrupt arrest. Remarkably, inducing ribosome stalling in euploids produces similar aberrations, while up-regulating limiting RQC subunits or proteins in ubiquitin metabolism alleviates many of the aneuploid defects. Our results provide implications for other aneuploidy disorders including Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah E. Escalante
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - James Hose
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Hollis Howe
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Norah Paulsen
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Michael Place
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Audrey P. Gasch
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706
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3
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Ishii M, Matsumoto Y, Yamada T, Uga H, Katada T, Ohata S. Targeting dermatophyte Cdc42 and Rac GTPase signaling to hinder hyphal elongation and virulence. iScience 2024; 27:110139. [PMID: 38952678 PMCID: PMC11215307 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antifungal drugs requires novel molecular targets due to limited treatment options and drug resistance. Through chemical screening and establishment of a novel genetic technique to repress gene expression in Trichophyton rubrum, the primary causal fungus of dermatophytosis, we demonstrated that fungal Cdc42 and Rac GTPases are promising antifungal drug targets. Chemical inhibitors of these GTPases impair hyphal formation, which is crucial for growth and virulence in T. rubrum. Conditional repression of Cdc24, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Cdc42 and Rac, led to hyphal growth defects, abnormal cell morphology, and cell death. EHop-016 inhibited the promotion of the guanine nucleotide exchange reaction in Cdc42 and Rac by Cdc24 as well as germination and growth on the nail fragments of T. rubrum and improved animal survival in an invertebrate infection model of T. rubrum. Our results provide a novel antifungal therapeutic target and a potential lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ishii
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2–522–1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204–8588, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamada
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Teikyo University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0395, Japan
- Asia International Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hideko Uga
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Katada
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Shinya Ohata
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
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Meyer T, Knittelfelder O, Smolnig M, Rockenfeller P. Quantifying yeast lipidomics by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and comparison to mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2024; 11:57-68. [PMID: 38384676 PMCID: PMC10879857 DOI: 10.15698/mic2024.02.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipidomic analysis in diverse biological settings has become a frequent tool to increase our understanding of the processes of life. Cellular lipids play important roles not only as being the main components of cellular membranes, but also in the regulation of cell homeostasis as lipid signaling molecules. Yeast has been harnessed for biomedical research based on its good conservation of genetics and fundamental cell organisation principles and molecular pathways. Further application in so-called humanised yeast models have been developed which take advantage of yeast as providing the basics of a living cell with full control over heterologous expression. Here we present evidence that high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) represents an effective alternative to replace cost intensive mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analyses. We provide statistical comparison of identical samples by both methods, which support the use of HPTLC for quantitative analysis of the main yeast lipid classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Meyer
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Smolnig
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Patrick Rockenfeller
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
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Enkhbaatar T, Skoneczny M, Stępień K, Mołoń M, Skoneczna A. Live while the DNA lasts. The role of autophagy in DNA loss and survival of diploid yeast cells during chronological aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9965-9983. [PMID: 37815879 PMCID: PMC10599738 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging is inevitable and affects all cell types, thus yeast cells are often used as a model in aging studies. There are two approaches to studying aging in yeast: replicative aging, which describes the proliferative potential of cells, and chronological aging, which is used for studying post-mitotic cells. While analyzing the chronological lifespan (CLS) of diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, we discovered a remarkable phenomenon: ploidy reduction during aging progression. To uncover the mechanism behind this unusual process we used yeast strains undergoing a CLS assay, looking for various aging parameters. Cell mortality, regrowth ability, autophagy induction and cellular DNA content measurements indicated that during the CLS assay, dying cells lost their DNA, and only diploids survived. We demonstrated that autophagy was responsible for the gradual loss of DNA. The nucleophagy marker activation at the start of the CLS experiment correlated with the significant drop in cell viability. The activation of piecemeal microautophagy of nucleus (PMN) markers appeared to accompany the chronological aging process until the end. Our findings emphasize the significance of maintaining at least one intact copy of the genome for the survival of post-mitotic diploid cells. During chronological aging, cellular components, including DNA, are exposed to increasing stress, leading to DNA damage and fragmentation in aging cells. We propose that PMN-dependent clearance of damaged DNA from the nucleus helps prevent genome rearrangements. However, as long as one copy of the genome can be rebuilt, cells can still survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuguldur Enkhbaatar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Marek Skoneczny
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Karolina Stępień
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Rzeszów University, Rzeszów 35-959, Poland
| | - Mateusz Mołoń
- Institute of Biology, Rzeszów University, Rzeszów 35-601, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
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6
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Saha N, Swagatika S, Tomar RS. Investigation of the acetic acid stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mutated H3 residues. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:217-232. [PMID: 37746586 PMCID: PMC10513452 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.10.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced levels of acetic acid reduce the activity of yeast strains employed for industrial fermentation-based applications. Therefore, unraveling the genetic factors underlying the regulation of the tolerance and sensitivity of yeast towards acetic acid is imperative for optimising various industrial processes. In this communication, we have attempted to decipher the acetic acid stress response of the previously reported acetic acid-sensitive histone mutants. Revalidation using spot-test assays and growth curves revealed that five of these mutants, viz., H3K18Q, H3S28A, H3K42Q, H3Q68A, and H3F104A, are most sensitive towards the tested acetic acid concentrations. These mutants demonstrated enhanced acetic acid stress response as evidenced by the increased expression levels of AIF1, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, chromatin fragmentation, and aggregated actin cytoskeleton. Additionally, the mutants exhibited active cell wall damage response upon acetic acid treatment, as demonstrated by increased Slt2-phosphorylation and expression of cell wall integrity genes. Interestingly, the mutants demonstrated increased sensitivity to cell wall stress-causing agents. Finally, screening of histone H3 N-terminal tail truncation mutants revealed that the tail truncations exhibit general sensitivity to acetic acid stress. Some of these N-terminal tail truncation mutants viz., H3 [del 1-24], H3 [del 1-28], H3 [del 9-24], and H3 [del 25-36] are also sensitive to cell wall stress agents such as Congo red and caffeine suggesting that their enhanced acetic acid sensitivity may be due to cell wall stress induced by acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Saha
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Swagatika
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Raghuvir Singh Tomar
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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7
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Xiao J, Tan J, Yu L, Liu G, Yu S. Effects of DJ‑1 on apoptosis and mitophagy of glomerular podocytes. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:463. [PMID: 37664676 PMCID: PMC10468806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
By studying the effects of DJ-1 overexpression and silencing on the morphological structure and mitophagy of glomerular podocytes, the present study aimed to identify the effects of DJ-1 on glomerular podocyte apoptosis and mitophagy. MPC5 mouse glomerular podocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups: Control, DJ-1 overexpression, empty vector and DJ-1 silencing. DJ-1 gene overexpression and silencing models were prepared, the morphological structures of podocytes and mitochondria in each group were observed, and podocyte apoptosis and DJ-1/PTEN expression were subsequently detected in each group. The experimental results showed reduced volume, retracted foot processes, loosened intercellular connections, presence of dead cells, increased apoptotic rate, increased expression of PTEN, and swollen mitochondria due to the number of vacuoles and autophagosomes in podocytes in the DJ-1 silencing group. The surface areas of podocytes in the DJ-1 overexpression group were greater than those in the control group. Moreover, the structure of the foot processes was more obvious, the number of cells was greater, the intercellular connections were closer, the apoptotic rate was reduced, the expression of PTEN was decreased, the mitochondrial structure was more obvious and the mitochondrial cristae were more whole. Notably, there were no differences between the empty vector and control groups. In conclusion, these results indicated that DJ-1 may regulate podocyte apoptosis and mitophagy through the DJ-1/PTEN pathway, and could maintain the stability of the normal morphology, structure and function of glomerular podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524002, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Shengyou Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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8
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Stephan OOH. Effects of environmental stress factors on the actin cytoskeleton of fungi and plants: Ionizing radiation and ROS. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:330-355. [PMID: 37066976 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Actin is an abundant and multifaceted protein in eukaryotic cells that has been detected in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. In cooperation with numerous interacting accessory-proteins, monomeric actin (G-actin) polymerizes into microfilaments (F-actin) which constitute ubiquitous subcellular higher order structures. Considering the extensive spatial dimensions and multifunctionality of actin superarrays, the present study analyses the issue if and to what extent environmental stress factors, specifically ionizing radiation (IR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), affect the cellular actin-entity. In that context, this review particularly surveys IR-response of fungi and plants. It examines in detail which actin-related cellular constituents and molecular pathways are influenced by IR and related ROS. This comprehensive survey concludes that the general integrity of the total cellular actin cytoskeleton is a requirement for IR-tolerance. Actin's functions in genome organization and nuclear events like chromatin remodeling, DNA-repair, and transcription play a key role. Beyond that, it is highly significant that the macromolecular cytoplasmic and cortical actin-frameworks are affected by IR as well. In response to IR, actin-filament bundling proteins (fimbrins) are required to stabilize cables or patches. In addition, the actin-associated factors mediating cellular polarity are essential for IR-survivability. Moreover, it is concluded that a cellular homeostasis system comprising ROS, ROS-scavengers, NADPH-oxidases, and the actin cytoskeleton plays an essential role here. Consequently, besides the actin-fraction which controls crucial genome-integrity, also the portion which facilitates orderly cellular transport and polarized growth has to be maintained in order to survive IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian O H Stephan
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, 91058, Germany
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9
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Fischbach A, Johns A, Schneider KL, Hao X, Tessarz P, Nyström T. Artificial Hsp104-mediated systems for re-localizing protein aggregates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2663. [PMID: 37160881 PMCID: PMC10169802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial Protein Quality Control (sPQC) sequesters misfolded proteins into specific, organelle-associated inclusions within the cell to control their toxicity. To approach the role of sPQC in cellular fitness, neurodegenerative diseases and aging, we report on the construction of Hsp100-based systems in budding yeast cells, which can artificially target protein aggregates to non-canonical locations. We demonstrate that aggregates of mutant huntingtin (mHtt), the disease-causing agent of Huntington's disease can be artificially targeted to daughter cells as well as to eisosomes and endosomes with this approach. We find that the artificial removal of mHtt inclusions from mother cells protects them from cell death suggesting that even large mHtt inclusions may be cytotoxic, a trait that has been widely debated. In contrast, removing inclusions of endogenous age-associated misfolded proteins does not significantly affect the lifespan of mother cells. We demonstrate also that this approach is able to manipulate mHtt inclusion formation in human cells and has the potential to be useful as an alternative, complementary approach to study the role of sPQC, for example in aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Fischbach
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Angela Johns
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kara L Schneider
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xinxin Hao
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Tessarz
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health-AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Pathak S, Gupta R, Parkar H, Joshi N, Nagotu S, Kale A. The role of Colchicine on actin polymerization dynamics: as a potent anti-angiogenic factor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11729-11743. [PMID: 34424806 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1965911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, cancer research has focused on different strategies to discover drugs and therapies to treat the metastatic stage of cancer. This stage depends upon the type, and the cause of cancer. One of the central facts about any cancer invasion is the formation of new blood vessels that provide nutrients to these uncontrollably dividing cells. This phenomenon is called angiogenesis and is responsible for tumor progression and metastasis. Tumor angiogenesis is a sequential process wherein various angiogenic factors produced by tumor cells bind to receptors of endothelial cells. This stimulates the cytoskeletal protein, especially actin to reorganize themselves and undergo the process of canalization. The driving force for such membrane transformation is spatially and temporally-regulated by polymerization of submembrane actin filaments. So far, Colchicine has been studied for its effectiveness in controlling microtubule reorganization during cell division, but its role is far from understood on actin polymerization. In our current study, we report the effect of Colchicine on actin polymerization dynamics using biophysical analysis like Right light scattering (RLS), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Circular dichroism (CD) analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and kinetic measurements. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) indicates multiple site binding for colchicine with actin aggregates. We have checked the in vivo effect of colchicine using end3 cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We also report the anti-angiogenesis activity of colchicine via ex-ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. We predict the target site of binding for the drug by docking studies. Based on our findings, we suggest the 'drug-repurposed' function for colchicine as a potential anti-angiogenic candidate.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Pathak
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for excellence in basic sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Gupta
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for excellence in basic sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Haifa Parkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for excellence in basic sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Avinash Kale
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for excellence in basic sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Lysakowski A, Govindaraju AC, Raphael RM. Structural and functional diversity of mitochondria in vestibular/cochlear hair cells and vestibular calyx afferents. Hear Res 2022; 426:108612. [PMID: 36223702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria supply energy in the form of ATP to drive a plethora of cellular processes. In heart and liver cells, mitochondria occupy over 20% of the cellular volume and the major need for ATP is easily identifiable - i.e., to drive cross-bridge recycling in cardiac cells or biosynthetic machinery in liver cells. In vestibular and cochlear hair cells the overall cellular mitochondrial volume is much less, and mitochondria structure varies dramatically in different regions of the cell. The regional demands for ATP and cellular forces that govern mitochondrial structure and localization are not well understood. Below we review our current understanding of the heterogeneity of form and function in hair cell mitochondria. A particular focus of this review will be on regional specialization in vestibular hair cells, where large mitochondria are found beneath the cuticular plate in close association with the striated organelle. Recent findings on the role of mitochondria in hair cell death and aging are covered along with potential therapeutic approaches. Potential avenues for future research are discussed, including the need for integrated computational modeling of mitochondrial function in hair cells and the vestibular afferent calyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lysakowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., M/C 512, Chicago, IL 60605, USA.
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12
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Onda Y, Okino T. Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase PDI1;1 regulates actin structures in Oryza sativa root cells. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:3015-3023. [PMID: 35781879 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The polarized and dynamic actin cytoskeleton is essential for root cell growth. Here, we report the key role of thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase PDI1;1 in actin structures. Microscopic analyses revealed that after Oryza sativa roots were exposed to H2 O2 , both actin and PDI1;1 were depolarized and arranged in a meshwork. In H2 O2 -exposed cells, actin formed intermolecularly disulfide-bonded high-molecular-weight structures, which were thiol-trapped by PDI1;1. Recombinant PDI1;1 exhibited the ability to recognize actin in an in vitro binding assay. During recovery from H2 O2 exposure, the amount of disulfide-bonded high-molecular-weight structures of actin decreased over time, but deficiency of PDI1;1 inhibited the decrease. These results suggest a PDI1;1-dependent pathway that reduces disulfide bonds in high-molecular-weight structures of actin, thus promoting their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Onda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Okino
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
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13
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De Silva E, Paul M, Kim H. Apoptosis in platelets is independent of the actin cytoskeleton. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276584. [PMID: 36378629 PMCID: PMC9665360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis between platelet production and clearance is essential for human health. A critical facet of the balance that facilitates platelet clearance from the circulation is apoptosis (programmed cell death). The precise cellular mechanisms that underpin platelet apoptosis are not defined. In nucleated cells, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is known to regulate platelet apoptosis. However, the role of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating apoptosis in platelets has not been extensively studied as they are anucleate and exhibit a distinctive physiology. Here, apoptosis was induced in washed human platelets using ABT-737, a BH3-mimetic drug. Mitochondrial depolarization was measured using the ratiometric dye JC-1; surface phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure was measured by annexin V binding; caspase-3 activation was measured by Western blotting. All three apoptotic markers were unaffected by the presence of either the actin depolymerizing drug cytochalasin D or the actin polymerizing drug jasplakinolide. Moreover, platelets were isolated from wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in gelsolin (Gsn), an actin-binding protein that is essential for normal cytoskeletal remodeling. In response to ABT-737, gelsolin-null (Gsn-/-) platelets initially showed accelerated PS exposure relative to WT platelets, however, both WT and Gsn-/- platelets exhibited similar levels of mitochondrial depolarization and caspase-3 activation in response to ABT-737. We conclude that ABT-737 induces established markers of platelet apoptosis in an actin-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoli De Silva
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manoj Paul
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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14
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Heuschkel MA, Babler A, Heyn J, van der Vorst EPC, Steenman M, Gesper M, Kappel BA, Magne D, Gouëffic Y, Kramann R, Jahnen-Dechent W, Marx N, Quillard T, Goettsch C. Distinct role of mitochondrial function and protein kinase C in intimal and medial calcification in vitro. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:959457. [PMID: 36204585 PMCID: PMC9530266 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.959457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vascular calcification (VC) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Depending on the location of mineral deposition within the arterial wall, VC is classified as intimal and medial calcification. Using in vitro mineralization assays, we developed protocols triggering both types of calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) following diverging molecular pathways. Materials and methods and results Human coronary artery SMCs were cultured in osteogenic medium (OM) or high calcium phosphate medium (CaP) to induce a mineralized extracellular matrix. OM induces osteoblast-like differentiation of SMCs-a key process in intimal calcification during atherosclerotic plaque remodeling. CaP mimics hyperphosphatemia, associated with chronic kidney disease-a risk factor for medial calcification. Transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct gene expression profiles of OM and CaP-calcifying SMCs. OM and CaP-treated SMCs shared 107 differentially regulated genes related to SMC contraction and metabolism. Real-time extracellular efflux analysis demonstrated decreased mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in CaP-treated SMCs compared to increased mitochondrial respiration without altered glycolysis in OM-treated SMCs. Subsequent kinome and in silico drug repurposing analysis (Connectivity Map) suggested a distinct role of protein kinase C (PKC). In vitro validation experiments demonstrated that the PKC activators prostratin and ingenol reduced calcification triggered by OM and promoted calcification triggered by CaP. Conclusion Our direct comparison results of two in vitro calcification models strengthen previous observations of distinct intracellular mechanisms that trigger OM and CaP-induced SMC calcification in vitro. We found a differential role of PKC in OM and CaP-calcified SMCs providing new potential cellular and molecular targets for pharmacological intervention in VC. Our data suggest that the field should limit the generalization of results found in in vitro studies using different calcification protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Heuschkel
- Department of Internal Medicine I–Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Babler
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonas Heyn
- Department of Internal Medicine I–Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Marja Steenman
- L’institut Du Thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS, INSERM, France and Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Maren Gesper
- Department of Internal Medicine I–Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ben A. Kappel
- Department of Internal Medicine I–Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Magne
- ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yann Gouëffic
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Center, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Biointerface Laboratory, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I–Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thibaut Quillard
- L’institut Du Thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS, INSERM, France and Nantes Université, Nantes, France
- PHY-OS Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1238, Nantes University of Medicine, Nantes, France
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I–Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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15
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Ahangar P, Strudwick XL, Cowin AJ. Wound Healing from an Actin Cytoskeletal Perspective. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a041235. [PMID: 35074864 PMCID: PMC9341468 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing requires a complex cascade of highly controlled and conserved cellular and molecular processes. These involve numerous cell types and extracellular matrix molecules regulated by the actin cytoskeleton. This microscopic network of filaments is present within the cytoplasm of all cells and provides the shape and mechanical support required for cell movement and proliferation. Here, an overview of the processes of wound healing are described from the perspective of the cell in relation to the actin cytoskeleton. Key points of discussion include the role of actin, its binding proteins, signaling pathways, and events that play significant roles in the phases of wound healing. The identification of cytoskeletal targets that can be used to manipulate and improve wound healing is included as an emerging area of focus that may inform future therapeutic approaches to improve healing of complex wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Ahangar
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Xanthe L Strudwick
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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16
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Identification of a modulator of the actin cytoskeleton, mitochondria, nutrient metabolism and lifespan in yeast. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2706. [PMID: 35577788 PMCID: PMC9110415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In yeast, actin cables are F-actin bundles that are essential for cell division through their function as tracks for cargo movement from mother to daughter cell. Actin cables also affect yeast lifespan by promoting transport and inheritance of higher-functioning mitochondria to daughter cells. Here, we report that actin cable stability declines with age. Our genome-wide screen for genes that affect actin cable stability identified the open reading frame YKL075C. Deletion of YKL075C results in increases in actin cable stability and abundance, mitochondrial fitness, and replicative lifespan. Transcriptome analysis revealed a role for YKL075C in regulating branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. Consistent with this, modulation of BCAA metabolism or decreasing leucine levels promotes actin cable stability and function in mitochondrial quality control. Our studies support a role for actin stability in yeast lifespan, and demonstrate that this process is controlled by BCAA and a previously uncharacterized ORF YKL075C, which we refer to as actin, aging and nutrient modulator protein 1 (AAN1). Actin cables affect lifespan by supporting movement and inheritance of fitter mitochondria to daughter cells in yeast. Here the authors show that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels affect actin cable stability and a role for YKL075C/AAN1 in control of BCAA metabolism and actin cable stability and function.
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17
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Mukherjee K, Gu C, Collins A, Mettlen M, Samelko B, Altintas MM, Sudhini YR, Wang X, Bouley R, Brown D, Pedro BP, Bane SL, Gupta V, Brinkkoetter PT, Hagmann H, Reiser J, Sever S. Simultaneous stabilization of actin cytoskeleton in multiple nephron-specific cells protects the kidney from diverse injury. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2422. [PMID: 35504916 PMCID: PMC9065033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases and acute kidney injury are mechanistically distinct kidney diseases. While chronic kidney diseases are associated with podocyte injury, acute kidney injury affects renal tubular epithelial cells. Despite these differences, a cardinal feature of both acute and chronic kidney diseases is dysregulated actin cytoskeleton. We have shown that pharmacological activation of GTPase dynamin ameliorates podocyte injury in murine models of chronic kidney diseases by promoting actin polymerization. Here we establish dynamin's role in modulating stiffness and polarity of renal tubular epithelial cells by crosslinking actin filaments into branched networks. Activation of dynamin's crosslinking capability by a small molecule agonist stabilizes the actomyosin cortex of the apical membrane against injury, which in turn preserves renal function in various murine models of acute kidney injury. Notably, a dynamin agonist simultaneously attenuates podocyte and tubular injury in the genetic murine model of Alport syndrome. Our study provides evidence for the feasibility and highlights the benefits of novel holistic nephron-protective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Changkyu Gu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Agnieszka Collins
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beata Samelko
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mehmet M Altintas
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Xuexiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Bouley
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Brown
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley P Pedro
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan L Bane
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul T Brinkkoetter
- Department of Internal Medicine-Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne and Faculty of Medicine-University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Hagmann
- Department of Internal Medicine-Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne and Faculty of Medicine-University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sanja Sever
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Zhuan Q, Li J, Zhou G, Du X, Liu H, Hou Y, Wan P, Fu X. Procyanidin B2 Protects Aged Oocytes Against Meiotic Defects Through Cortical Tension Modulation. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:795050. [PMID: 35464357 PMCID: PMC9024290 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.795050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in meiotic process are the main factors responsible for the decreased developmental competence in aged oocytes. Our recent research indicated that natural antioxidant procyanidin B2 (PCB2) promoted maturation progress in oocytes from diabetic mice. However, the effect of PCB2 on aging-induced chromosome abnormalities and the underlying mechanism have not been explored. Here, we found that PCB2 recovered aging-caused developmental arrest during meiotic maturation, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) rate was significantly higher in aged oocytes treated with PCB2 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we discovered that cortical mechanics were altered during aging process, cortical tension-related proteins were aberrantly expressed in aged oocytes (P < 0.001). PCB2 supplementation efficaciously antagonized aging-induced decreased cortical tension (P < 0.001). Moreover, PCB2 restored spindle morphology (P < 0.01), maintained proper chromosome alignment (P < 0.05), and dramatically reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (P < 0.05) in aged oocytes. Collectively, our results reveal that PCB2 supplementation is a feasible approach to protect oocytes from reproductive aging, contributing to the improvement of oocytes quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrui Zhuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhu Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihhotze, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihhotze, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangwei Fu
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19
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Galotto G, Wisanpitayakorn P, Bibeau JP, Liu YC, Furt F, Pierce EC, Simpson PJ, Tüzel E, Vidali L. Myosin XI drives polarized growth by vesicle focusing and local enrichment of F-actin in Physcomitrium patens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2509-2529. [PMID: 34890463 PMCID: PMC8932395 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In tip-growing plant cells, growth results from myosin XI and F-actin-mediated deposition of cell wall polysaccharides contained in secretory vesicles. Previous evidence showed that myosin XI anticipates F-actin accumulation at the cell's tip, suggesting a mechanism where vesicle clustering via myosin XI increases F-actin polymerization. To evaluate this model, we used a conditional loss-of-function strategy by generating moss (Physcomitrium patens) plants harboring a myosin XI temperature-sensitive allele. We found that loss of myosin XI function alters tip cell morphology, vacuolar homeostasis, and cell viability but not following F-actin depolymerization. Importantly, our conditional loss-of-function analysis shows that myosin XI focuses and directs vesicles at the tip of the cell, which induces formin-dependent F-actin polymerization, increasing F-actin's local concentration. Our findings support the role of myosin XI in vesicle focusing, possibly via clustering and F-actin organization, necessary for tip growth, and deepen our understanding of additional myosin XI functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Galotto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey P Bibeau
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Liu
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | - Fabienne Furt
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | - Ellen C Pierce
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | - Parker J Simpson
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | - Erkan Tüzel
- Bioengineering Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Luis Vidali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
- Author for communication:
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20
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Koh JH, Kim YW, Seo DY, Sohn TS. Mitochondrial TFAM as a Signaling Regulator between Cellular Organelles: A Perspective on Metabolic Diseases. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:853-865. [PMID: 34847642 PMCID: PMC8640147 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues actively involved in energy metabolism are more likely to face metabolic challenges from bioenergetic substrates and are susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to metabolic diseases. The mitochondria receive signals regarding the metabolic states in cells and transmit them to the nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using calcium (Ca2+) for appropriate responses. Overflux of Ca2+ in the mitochondria or dysregulation of the signaling to the nucleus and ER could increase the incidence of metabolic diseases including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) may regulate Ca2+ flux via changing the mitochondrial membrane potential and signals to other organelles such as the nucleus and ER. Since Tfam is involved in metabolic function in the mitochondria, here, we discuss the contribution of Tfam in coordinating mitochondria-ER activities for Ca2+ flux and describe the mechanisms by which Tfam affects mitochondrial Ca2+ flux in response to metabolic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Koh
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Jin-Ho Koh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-4399 Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyeonchungro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea E-mail:
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae-Yun Seo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae-Seo Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Tae-Seo Shon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-3290 Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Korea E-mail:
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21
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Robbins M, Clayton E, Kaminski Schierle GS. Synaptic tau: A pathological or physiological phenomenon? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:149. [PMID: 34503576 PMCID: PMC8428049 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the synaptic aspects of Tau pathology occurring during Alzheimer's disease (AD) and how this may relate to memory impairment, a major hallmark of AD. Whilst the clinical diagnosis of AD patients is a loss of working memory and long-term declarative memory, the histological diagnosis is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau and Amyloid-beta plaques. Tau pathology spreads through synaptically connected neurons to impair synaptic function preceding the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, axonal retraction and cell death. Alongside synaptic pathology, recent data suggest that Tau has physiological roles in the pre- or post- synaptic compartments. Thus, we have seen a shift in the research focus from Tau as a microtubule-stabilising protein in axons, to Tau as a synaptic protein with roles in accelerating spine formation, dendritic elongation, and in synaptic plasticity coordinating memory pathways. We collate here the myriad of emerging interactions and physiological roles of synaptic Tau, and discuss the current evidence that synaptic Tau contributes to pathology in AD.
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22
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Sellers-Moya Á, Nuévalos M, Molina M, Martín H. Clotrimazole-Induced Oxidative Stress Triggers Novel Yeast Pkc1-Independent Cell Wall Integrity MAPK Pathway Circuitry. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080647. [PMID: 34436186 PMCID: PMC8399625 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Azoles are one of the most widely used drugs to treat fungal infections. To further understand the fungal response to azoles, we analyzed the MAPK circuitry of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that operates under treatment with these antifungals. Imidazoles, and particularly clotrimazole, trigger deeper changes in MAPK phosphorylation than triazoles, involving a reduction in signaling through the mating pathway and the activation of the MAPKs Hog1 and Slt2 from the High-Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) and the Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathways, respectively. Clotrimazole treatment leads to actin aggregation, mitochondrial alteration, and oxidative stress, which is essential not only for the activation of both MAPKs, but also for the appearance of a low-mobility form of Slt2 caused by additional phosphorylation to that occurring at the conserved TEY activation motif. Clotrimazole-induced ROS production and Slt2 phosphorylation are linked to Tpk3-mediated PKA activity. Resistance to clotrimazole depends on HOG and CWI-pathway-mediated stress responses. However, Pkc1 and other proteins acting upstream in the pathway are not critical for the activation of the Slt2 MAPK module, suggesting a novel rewiring of signaling through the CWI pathway. We further show that the strong impact of azole treatment on MAPK signaling is conserved in other yeast species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Molina
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (H.M.); Tel.: +34-91-3941888 (M.M. & H.M.)
| | - Humberto Martín
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (H.M.); Tel.: +34-91-3941888 (M.M. & H.M.)
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23
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Mohd Khair SZN, Abd Radzak SM, Mohamed Yusoff AA. The Uprising of Mitochondrial DNA Biomarker in Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:7675269. [PMID: 34326906 PMCID: PMC8302403 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7675269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases, the progression of which demands an accumulation of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations of the human nuclear genome or possibly in the mitochondrial genome as well. Despite modern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to battle cancer, there are still serious concerns about the increase in death from cancer globally. Recently, a growing number of researchers have extensively focused on the burgeoning area of biomarkers development research, especially in noninvasive early cancer detection. Intergenomic cross talk has triggered researchers to expand their studies from nuclear genome-based cancer researches, shifting into the mitochondria-mediated associations with carcinogenesis. Thus, it leads to the discoveries of established and potential mitochondrial biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity. The research field of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) biomarkers has the great potential to confer vast benefits for cancer therapeutics and patients in the future. This review seeks to summarize the comprehensive insights of nuclear genome cancer biomarkers and their usage in clinical practices, the intergenomic cross talk researches that linked mitochondrial dysfunction to carcinogenesis, and the current progress of mitochondrial cancer biomarker studies and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Zulaikha Nashwa Mohd Khair
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Muslihah Abd Radzak
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Vitiello D, Dakhovnik A, Statzer C, Ewald CY. Lifespan-Associated Gene Expression Signatures of Recombinant BXD Mice Implicates Coro7 and Set in Longevity. Front Genet 2021; 12:694033. [PMID: 34306034 PMCID: PMC8299419 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.694033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although genetic approaches have identified key genes and pathways that promote longevity, systems-level approaches are less utilized. Here, we took advantage of the wealth of omics data characterizing the BXD family of mice. We associated transcript and peptide levels across five tissues from both female and male BXD isogenic lines with their median lifespan. We identified over 5000 genes that showed a longevity correlation in a given tissue. Surprisingly, we found less than 1% overlap among longevity-correlating genes across tissues and sex. These 1% shared genes consist of 51 genes, of which 13 have been shown to alter lifespan. Only two genes -Coro7 and Set- showed a longevity correlation in all tissues and in both sexes. While differential regulation of aging across tissues and sex has been reported, our systems-level analysis reveals two unique genes that may promote healthy aging in unique sex- and tissue-agnostic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Collin Y. Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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25
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Šoštarić N, Arslan A, Carvalho B, Plech M, Voordeckers K, Verstrepen KJ, van Noort V. Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis of Mechanisms Underlying Yeast Ethanol Tolerance. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3840-3852. [PMID: 34236875 PMCID: PMC8353626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
![]()
For yeast cells,
tolerance to high levels of ethanol is vital both
in their natural environment and in industrially relevant conditions.
We recently genotyped experimentally evolved yeast strains adapted
to high levels of ethanol and identified mutations linked to ethanol
tolerance. In this study, by integrating genomic sequencing data with
quantitative proteomics profiles from six evolved strains (data set
identifier PXD006631) and construction of protein interaction networks,
we elucidate exactly how the genotype and phenotype are related at
the molecular level. Our multi-omics approach points to the rewiring
of numerous metabolic pathways affected by genomic and proteomic level
changes, from energy-producing and lipid pathways to differential
regulation of transposons and proteins involved in cell cycle progression.
One of the key differences is found in the energy-producing metabolism,
where the ancestral yeast strain responds to ethanol by switching
to respiration and employing the mitochondrial electron transport
chain. In contrast, the ethanol-adapted strains appear to have returned
back to energy production mainly via glycolysis and ethanol fermentation,
as supported by genomic and proteomic level changes. This work is
relevant for synthetic biology where systems need to function under
stressful conditions, as well as for industry and in cancer biology,
where it is important to understand how the genotype relates to the
phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Šoštarić
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Arslan
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernardo Carvalho
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcin Plech
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Bioincubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Voordeckers
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Bioincubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Bioincubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vera van Noort
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Yoon YM, Go G, Yoon S, Lim JH, Lee G, Lee JH, Lee SH. Melatonin Treatment Improves Renal Fibrosis via miR-4516/SIAH3/PINK1 Axis. Cells 2021; 10:1682. [PMID: 34359852 PMCID: PMC8307213 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in mitophagy, in addition to contributing to imbalance in the mitochondrial dynamic, has been implicated in the development of renal fibrosis and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the current understanding of the precise mechanisms behind the pathogenic loss of mitophagy remains unclear for developing cures for CKD. We found that miR-4516 is downregulated and its target SIAH3, an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that reduces PINK1 accumulation to damaged mitochondria, is upregulated in the renal cortex of CKD mice. Here, we demonstrated that melatonin injection induces miR-4516 expression and suppresses SIAH3, and promotes PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that melatonin injection attenuates the pathological features of CKD by improving mitochondrial homeostasis. Our data supports that mitochondrial autophagy regulation by activating miR-4516/SIAH3/PINK1 mitophagy signaling axis can be a viable new strategy for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Min Yoon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea;
| | - Gyeongyun Go
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (G.G.); (J.H.L.); (G.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21FOUR Project2, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Sungtae Yoon
- Stembio. Ltd., Entrepreneur 306, Soonchunhyang-ro 22, Sinchang-myeon, Asan 31538, Korea;
| | - Ji Ho Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (G.G.); (J.H.L.); (G.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21FOUR Project2, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Gaeun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (G.G.); (J.H.L.); (G.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21FOUR Project2, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (G.G.); (J.H.L.); (G.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21FOUR Project2, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Stembio. Ltd., Entrepreneur 306, Soonchunhyang-ro 22, Sinchang-myeon, Asan 31538, Korea;
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27
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Suresh R, Diaz RJ. The remodelling of actin composition as a hallmark of cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101051. [PMID: 33761369 PMCID: PMC8008238 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is a key structural protein that makes up the cytoskeleton of cells, and plays a role in functions such as division, migration, and vesicle trafficking. It comprises six different cell-type specific isoforms: ACTA1, ACTA2, ACTB, ACTC1, ACTG1, and ACTG2. Abnormal actin isoform expression has been reported in many cancers, which led us to hypothesize that it may serve as an early biomarker of cancer. We show an overview of the different actin isoforms and highlight mechanisms by which they may contribute to tumorigenicity. Furthermore, we suggest how the aberrant expression of actin subunits can confer cells with greater proliferation ability, increased migratory capability, and chemoresistance through incorporation into the normal cellular F-actin network and altered actin binding protein interaction. Studying this fundamental change that takes place within cancer cells can further our understanding of neoplastic transformation in multiple tissue types, which can ultimately aid in the early-detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Suresh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roberto J Diaz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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28
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Rodriguez D, Taketa DA, Madhu R, Kassmer S, Loerke D, Valentine MT, Tomaso AWD. Vascular Aging in the Invertebrate Chordate, Botryllus schlosseri. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:626827. [PMID: 33898513 PMCID: PMC8060491 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.626827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases affect over 1 billion people worldwide and are highly prevalent among the elderly, due to a progressive deterioration of the structure of vascular cells. Most of our understanding of these age-related cellular changes comes from in vitro studies on human cell lines. Further studies of the mechanisms underlying vascular aging in vivo are needed to provide insight into the pathobiology of age-associated vascular diseases, but are difficult to carry out on vertebrate model organisms. We are studying the effects of aging on the vasculature of the invertebrate chordate, Botryllus schlosseri. This extracorporeal vascular network of Botryllus is transparent and particularly amenable to imaging and manipulation. Here we use a combination of transcriptomics, immunostaining and live-imaging, as well as in vivo pharmacological treatments and regeneration assays to show that morphological, transcriptional, and functional age-associated changes within vascular cells are key hallmarks of aging in B. schlosseri, and occur independent of genotype. We show that age-associated changes in the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix reshape vascular cells into a flattened and elongated form and there are major changes in the structure of the basement membrane over time. The vessels narrow, reducing blood flow, and become less responsive to stimuli inducing vascular regression. The extracorporeal vasculature is highly regenerative following injury, and while age does not affect the regeneration potential, newly regenerated vascular cells maintain the same aged phenotype, suggesting that aging of the vasculature is a result of heritable epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delany Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Daryl A. Taketa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Roopa Madhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Susannah Kassmer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Dinah Loerke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Megan T. Valentine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Anthony W. De Tomaso
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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29
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Shah M, Chacko LA, Joseph JP, Ananthanarayanan V. Mitochondrial dynamics, positioning and function mediated by cytoskeletal interactions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3969-3986. [PMID: 33576841 PMCID: PMC11071877 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a mitochondrion to undergo fission and fusion, and to be transported and localized within a cell are central not just to proper functioning of mitochondria, but also to that of the cell. The cytoskeletal filaments, namely microtubules, F-actin and intermediate filaments, have emerged as prime movers in these dynamic mitochondrial shape and position transitions. In this review, we explore the complex relationship between the cytoskeleton and the mitochondrion, by delving into: (i) how the cytoskeleton helps shape mitochondria via fission and fusion events, (ii) how the cytoskeleton facilitates the translocation and anchoring of mitochondria with the activity of motor proteins, and (iii) how these changes in form and position of mitochondria translate into functioning of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Shah
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Leeba Ann Chacko
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Joel P Joseph
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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30
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Systematic Identification of Protein Targets of Sub5 Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteome Microarrays. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020760. [PMID: 33451135 PMCID: PMC7828587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are intensively studied in terms of alternative drugs. Sub5 is a synthetic 12-mer AMP with substitutions of five amino acids of bactenecin 2A (Bac2A), a linear-ized bactenecin variant of bovine. Sub5 is highly effective against fungi with an ability to trans-locate cell membrane, but its targets are unknown. Systematic analysis of Sub5 targets will facil-itate our understanding on its mechanism of action. In this study, we used high-throughput Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome microarrays to explore the potential protein targets of Sub5. The screening results showed 128 potential protein targets of Sub5. Bioinformatics analysis of protein targets of Sub5 revealed significant gene ontology (GO) enrichment in actin related pro-cess of “actin filament-based process”, “actin filament organization”, “actin cortical patch or-ganization”, regulation of “actin filament bundle assembly”. Moreover, the other enriched cat-egories in GO enrichment mostly contained actin associate proteins. In total, 11 actin-associated proteins were identified in the protein targets of Sub5. Protein family (PFAM) enrichment anal-ysis shows protein domain enriched in actin binding, i.e., “Cytoskeletal-regulatory complex EF hand (helix E-loop-helix F motif)”. Being consistent with GO analysis, Search Tool for the Re-trieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) analysis of the protein targets of Sub5 showed ac-tin network with involvement of 15 protein targets. Along with actin-network, STRING analysis showed protein–protein interaction network in ribonucleoprotein, transcription and translation, chromosome, histone, and ubiquitin related, DNA repair, and chaperone. Multiple Expression motifs for Motif Elicitation (MEME) suite provided a consensus binding motif of [ED][ED]EEE[ED][ED][ED][ED][ED], in total of 75 protein targets of Sub5. This motif was present in 9 out of 15 actin-related proteins identified among protein targets of Sub5.
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31
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Goldblatt ZE, Cirka HA, Billiar KL. Mechanical Regulation of Apoptosis in the Cardiovascular System. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:75-97. [PMID: 33169343 PMCID: PMC7775273 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly conserved physiological process of programmed cell death which is critical for proper organism development, tissue maintenance, and overall organism homeostasis. Proper regulation of cell removal is crucial, as both excessive and reduced apoptotic rates can lead to the onset of a variety of diseases. Apoptosis can be induced in cells in response to biochemical, electrical, and mechanical stimuli. Here, we review literature on specific mechanical stimuli that regulate apoptosis and the current understanding of how mechanotransduction plays a role in apoptotic signaling. We focus on how insufficient or excessive mechanical forces may induce apoptosis in the cardiovascular system and thus contribute to cardiovascular disease. Although studies have demonstrated that a broad range of mechanical stimuli initiate and/or potentiate apoptosis, they are predominantly correlative, and no mechanisms have been established. In this review, we attempt to establish a unifying mechanism for how various mechanical stimuli initiate a single cellular response, i.e. apoptosis. We hypothesize that the cytoskeleton plays a central role in this process as it does in determining myriad cell behaviors in response to mechanical inputs. We also describe potential approaches of using mechanomedicines to treat various diseases by altering apoptotic rates in specific cells. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of the mechanobiology field and suggest potential avenues where future research can explore.
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32
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TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of hepatic tissue reveals the effects of dietary cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside-rich extract on alleviating D-galactose-induced aging in mice. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104042. [PMID: 33161165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (CY3D5G) derivatives as major pigments in red cabbage exhibit in vitro antioxidant effects. This study evaluated the effects of CY3D5G-rich extract on oxidative stress in D-galactose-induced accelerated aging. Thirty male C57BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups: a normal control group and two D-galactose-injected groups orally administered with or without CY3D5G-rich extract (700 μmol/kg body weight). Dietary supplementation of CY3D5G-rich extract for 6 weeks increased superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and total antioxidant capacity while suppressed malondialdehyde content in serum (p < 0.05) and tissues. Hepatic proteome analysis revealed that 243 proteins were significantly modulated by experimental treatment (p < 0.05). CY3D5G-rich extract treatment suppressed proteins involved in electron transport chain and up-regulated proteins that play important roles in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and actin cytoskeleton. These changes in above metabolic pathways may contribute to reducing the production and release of ROS and attenuating oxidative damage in aged mice. SIGNIFICANCE: Anthocyanins are the most abundant dietary flavonoids with potential health benefits. The proteomic analysis of mice liver in this study revealed the effect of cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (CY3D5G) consumption in D-galactose-induced accelerated aging. In total, 2054 protein groups were quantified in all samples without any missing value, and 243 protein groups were identified with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis suggested that electron transport chain, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and actin cytoskeleton were closely correlated with CY3D5G treatment. These findings provide useful information to understand the anti-aging effect of anthocyanin, and the results of which could promote the use of anthocyanins in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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33
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Zhao W, Liu JX, Guo F, Liu XG. Yeast MED2 is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and modulation of the replicative lifespan. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111381. [PMID: 33045248 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae MED2/YDL005C is a subunit of the mediator complex (Mediator), which is responsible for tightly controlling the transcription of protein-coding genes by mediating the interaction of RNA polymerase II with gene-specific transcription factors. Although a high-throughput analysis in yeast showed that the MED2 protein exhibits altered cellular localization under hypoxic stress, no specific function of MED2 has been described to date. In this study, we first provided evidence that MED2 is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and modulation of the replicative life span. We showed that deletion of MED2 leads to sensitivity to the ER stress inducer tunicamycin (TM) as well as a shortened replicative lifespan (RLS), accompanied by increased intracellular ROS levels and hyperpolarization of mitochondria. On the other hand, overexpression of MED2 in wild-type (WT) yeast enhanced TM resistance and extended the RLS. In addition, the IRE1-HAC1 pathway was essential for the TM resistance of MED2-overexpressing cells. Moreover, we showed that MED2 deficiency enhances ER unfolded protein response (UPR) activity compared to that in WT cells. Collectively, these results suggest the novel role of MED2 as a regulator in maintaining ER homeostasis and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jia-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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34
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Jusu SM, Obayemi JD, Salifu AA, Nwazojie CC, Uzonwanne V, Odusanya OS, Soboyejo WO. Drug-encapsulated blend of PLGA-PEG microspheres: in vitro and in vivo study of the effects of localized/targeted drug delivery on the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14188. [PMID: 32843673 PMCID: PMC7447811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more aggressive and difficult to treat using conventional bulk chemotherapy that is often associated with increased toxicity and side effects. In this study, we encapsulated targeted drugs [A bacteria-synthesized anticancer drug (prodigiosin) and paclitaxel] using single solvent evaporation technique with a blend of FDA-approved poly lactic-co-glycolic acid-polyethylene glycol (PLGA_PEG) polymer microspheres. These drugs were functionalized with Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing hormone (LHRH) ligands whose receptors are shown to overexpressed on surfaces of TNBC. The physicochemical, structural, morphological and thermal properties of the drug-loaded microspheres were then characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Results obtained from in vitro kinetics drug release at human body temperature (37 °C) and hyperthermic temperatures (41 and 44 °C) reveal a non-Fickian sustained drug release that is well-characterized by Korsmeyer-Peppas model with thermodynamically non-spontaneous release of drug. Clearly, the in vitro and in vivo drug release from conjugated drug-loaded microspheres (PLGA-PEG_PGS-LHRH, PLGA-PEG_PTX-LHRH) is shown to result in greater reductions of cell/tissue viability in the treatment of TNBC. The in vivo animal studies also showed that all the drug-loaded PLGA-PEG microspheres for the localized and targeted treatment of TNBC did not caused any noticeable toxicity and thus significantly extended the survival of the treated mice post tumor resection. The implications of this work are discussed for developing targeted drug systems to treat and prevent local recurred triple negative breast tumors after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jusu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - J D Obayemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences Center, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - A A Salifu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences Center, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - C C Nwazojie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - V Uzonwanne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - O S Odusanya
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - W O Soboyejo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences Center, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
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35
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Pathak S, Deori N, Sharma A, Nagotu S, Kale A. In vitro, in vivo and in silico rationale for the muscle loss due to therapeutic drugs used in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:44-60. [PMID: 32795137 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1806928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis globally affects millions of people every year and is responsible for high rates of mortality and morbidity in tropical countries like India. The treatment of tuberculosis involves using the first line of drugs especially Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Streptomycin, Ethambutol and Rifampicin for treatment under the DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Shots) regime which can last up to minimum of six months. These drugs although widely used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis has given rise to multi drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis strain. It has been observed widely that prolonged drug treatment for tuberculosis patient has rendered several side effects that include increasing muscle wasting and malnutrition. In our study, we have investigated the role of these major tuberculosis drugs namely Rifampicin, Streptomycin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol on actin polymerization which are famously known to be a central player in the sarcomere region of the muscle in human body. For in vitro studies, we have used biophysical approaches such as 90° scattering assay (RLS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), kinetic analysis to understand the time taken to break down effect of above mentioned drugs on actin disruption. In vivo analysis was carried out on yeast Δend3 mutants which are rich in F-actin filaments in order to understand the effect of the aforementioned drugs in rendering the muscle wasting phenomenon in tuberculosis. Furthermore, we also carried out in silico analysis to understand the probable modes of binding of these drugs on actin filaments.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Pathak
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for excellence in basic sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Nayan Deori
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab (OBCAL), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab (OBCAL), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, India
| | - Avinash Kale
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for excellence in basic sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
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36
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Mu X, Tseng C, Hambright WS, Matre P, Lin C, Chanda P, Chen W, Gu J, Ravuri S, Cui Y, Zhong L, Cooke JP, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD, Huard J. Cytoskeleton stiffness regulates cellular senescence and innate immune response in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13152. [PMID: 32710480 PMCID: PMC7431831 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is caused by the accumulation of mutant prelamin A (progerin) in the nuclear lamina, resulting in increased nuclear stiffness and abnormal nuclear architecture. Nuclear mechanics are tightly coupled to cytoskeletal mechanics via lamin A/C. However, the role of cytoskeletal/nuclear mechanical properties in mediating cellular senescence and the relationship between cytoskeletal stiffness, nuclear abnormalities, and senescent phenotypes remain largely unknown. Here, using muscle-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from the Zmpste24-/- (Z24-/- ) mouse (a model for HGPS) and human HGPS fibroblasts, we investigated the mechanical mechanism of progerin-induced cellular senescence, involving the role and interaction of mechanical sensors RhoA and Sun1/2 in regulating F-actin cytoskeleton stiffness, nuclear blebbing, micronuclei formation, and the innate immune response. We observed that increased cytoskeletal stiffness and RhoA activation in progeria cells were directly coupled with increased nuclear blebbing, Sun2 expression, and micronuclei-induced cGAS-Sting activation, part of the innate immune response. Expression of constitutively active RhoA promoted, while the inhibition of RhoA/ROCK reduced cytoskeletal stiffness, Sun2 expression, the innate immune response, and cellular senescence. Silencing of Sun2 expression by siRNA also repressed RhoA activation, cytoskeletal stiffness and cellular senescence. Treatment of Zmpste24-/- mice with a RhoA inhibitor repressed cellular senescence and improved muscle regeneration. These results reveal novel mechanical roles and correlation of cytoskeletal/nuclear stiffness, RhoA, Sun2, and the innate immune response in promoting aging and cellular senescence in HGPS progeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Mu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJi'nanChina
| | - Chieh Tseng
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas
| | - William S. Hambright
- Center for Regenerative Sports MedicineSteadman Philippon Research InstituteVailColorado
| | - Polina Matre
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexas
| | - Chih‐Yi Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas
| | - Palas Chanda
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexas
| | - Wanqun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJi'nanChina
| | - Jianhua Gu
- Electron Microscopy CoreHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexas
| | - Sudheer Ravuri
- Center for Regenerative Sports MedicineSteadman Philippon Research InstituteVailColorado
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexas
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesota
| | - Paul D. Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesota
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexas
- Center for Regenerative Sports MedicineSteadman Philippon Research InstituteVailColorado
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37
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Yoon YM, Go G, Yun CW, Lim JH, Lee JH, Lee SH. Melatonin Suppresses Renal Cortical Fibrosis by Inhibiting Cytoskeleton Reorganization and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through Regulation of miR-4516. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155323. [PMID: 32727098 PMCID: PMC7432329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, a major risk factor for kidney failure, can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is caused by cytoskeleton reorganization and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the potential of melatonin treatment to reduce renal fibrosis by recovering the cytoskeleton reorganization and mitochondrial dysfunction. We found that miR-4516 expression was downregulated in the renal cortex of CKD mice and P-cresol-treated TH1 cells. Decreased miR-4516 expression stimulated cytoskeleton reorganization and mitochondrial dysfunction, and induced renal fibrosis. Melatonin treatment suppressed fibrosis by inhibiting cytoskeleton reorganization and restoring mitochondrial function via increased miR-4516 expression. More specifically, melatonin treatment increased miR-4516 expression while decreasing ITGA9 expression, thereby inhibiting cytoskeleton reorganization. In addition, increased expression of miR-4516 by melatonin treatment reduced ROS formation and restored mitochondrial function. These findings suggest that melatonin may be a promising treatment for patients with CKD having renal fibrosis. Moreover, regulation of miR-4516 expression may be a novel strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Min Yoon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (Y.M.Y.); (C.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Gyeongyun Go
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Chul Won Yun
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (Y.M.Y.); (C.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Ji Ho Lim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (Y.M.Y.); (C.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (Y.M.Y.); (C.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (J.H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (Y.M.Y.); (C.W.Y.); (J.H.L.); (J.H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-709-9029
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38
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Lubawy J, Słocińska M. Characterization of Gromphadorhina coquereliana hemolymph under cold stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12076. [PMID: 32694601 PMCID: PMC7374602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperatures in nature occur together with desiccation conditions, causing changes in metabolic pathways and cellular dehydration, affecting hemolymph volume, water content and ion homeostasis. Although some research has been conducted on the effect of low temperature on Gromphadorhina coquereliana, showing that it can survive exposures to cold or even freezing, no one has studied the effect of cold on the hemolymph volume and the immune response of this cockroach. Here, we investigated the effect of low temperature (4 °C) on the abovementioned parameters, hemocyte morphology and total number. Cold stress affected hemocytes and the immune response, but not hemolymph volume. After stress, the number of circulating hemocytes decreased by 44.7%, but the ratio of apoptotic cells did not differ significantly between stressed and control individuals: 8.06% and 7.18%, respectively. The number of phagocyting hemocytes decreased by 16.66%, the hemocyte morphology drastically changed, and the F-actin cytoskeleton differed substantially in cold-stressed insects compared to control insects. Moreover, the surface area of the cells increased from 393.69 µm2 in the control to 458.38 µm2 in cold-treated animals. Together, our results show the links between cold stress and the cellular immune response, which probably results in the survival capability of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lubawy
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Słocińska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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39
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Kim J, Cheong JH. Role of Mitochondria-Cytoskeleton Interactions in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071691. [PMID: 32674438 PMCID: PMC7407978 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the promise of cancer medicine, major challenges currently confronting the treatment of cancer patients include chemoresistance and recurrence. The existence of subpopulations of cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), contributes to the failure of cancer therapies and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Of note, one of the recently characterized features of CSCs is augmented mitochondrial function. The cytoskeleton network is essential in regulating mitochondrial morphology and rearrangement, which are inextricably linked to its functions, such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The interaction between the cytoskeleton and mitochondria can enable CSCs to adapt to challenging conditions, such as a lack of energy sources, and to maintain their stemness. Cytoskeleton-mediated mitochondrial trafficking and relocating to the high energy requirement region are crucial steps in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, the cytoskeleton itself interplays with and blocks the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) to directly regulate bioenergetics. In this review, we describe the regulation of cellular bioenergetics in CSCs, focusing on the cytoskeleton-mediated dynamic control of mitochondrial structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-2094; Fax: +82-2-313-8289
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40
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Haque T, Eaves DJ, Lin Z, Zampronio CG, Cooper HJ, Bosch M, Smirnoff N, Franklin-Tong VE. Self-Incompatibility Triggers Irreversible Oxidative Modification of Proteins in Incompatible Pollen. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1391-1404. [PMID: 32321844 PMCID: PMC7333688 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is used by many angiosperms to prevent self-fertilization and inbreeding. In common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), interaction of cognate pollen and pistil S-determinants triggers programmed cell death (PCD) of incompatible pollen. We previously identified that reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal to SI-PCD. ROS-induced oxidative posttranslational modifications (oxPTMs) can regulate protein structure and function. Here, we have identified and mapped oxPTMs triggered by SI in incompatible pollen. Notably, SI-induced pollen had numerous irreversible oxidative modifications, while untreated pollen had virtually none. Our data provide a valuable analysis of the protein targets of ROS in the context of SI-induction and comprise a benchmark because currently there are few reports of irreversible oxPTMs in plants. Strikingly, cytoskeletal proteins and enzymes involved in energy metabolism are a prominent target of ROS. Oxidative modifications to a phosphomimic form of a pyrophosphatase result in a reduction of its activity. Therefore, our results demonstrate irreversible oxidation of pollen proteins during SI and provide evidence that this modification can affect protein function. We suggest that this reduction in cellular activity could lead to PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Haque
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J Eaves
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Cleidiane G Zampronio
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J Cooper
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Vernonica E Franklin-Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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41
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Obayemi JD, Salifu AA, Eluu SC, Uzonwanne VO, Jusu SM, Nwazojie CC, Onyekanne CE, Ojelabi O, Payne L, Moore CM, King JA, Soboyejo WO. LHRH-Conjugated Drugs as Targeted Therapeutic Agents for the Specific Targeting and Localized Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8212. [PMID: 32427904 PMCID: PMC7237454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulk chemotherapy and drug release strategies for cancer treatment have been associated with lack of specificity and high drug concentrations that often result in toxic side effects. This work presents the results of an experimental study of cancer drugs (prodigiosin or paclitaxel) conjugated to Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) for the specific targeting and treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Injections of LHRH-conjugated drugs (LHRH-prodigiosin or LHRH-paclitaxel) into groups of 4-week-old athymic female nude mice (induced with subcutaneous triple negative xenograft breast tumors) were found to specifically target, eliminate or shrink tumors at early, mid and late stages without any apparent cytotoxicity, as revealed by in vivo toxicity and ex vivo histopathological tests. Our results show that overexpressed LHRH receptors serve as binding sites on the breast cancer cells/tumor and the LHRH-conjugated drugs inhibited the growth of breast cells/tumor in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The inhibitions are attributed to the respective adhesive interactions between LHRH molecular recognition units on the prodigiosin (PGS) and paclitaxel (PTX) drugs and overexpressed LHRH receptors on the breast cancer cells and tumors. The implications of the results are discussed for the development of ligand-conjugated drugs for the specific targeting and treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Obayemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, 100 Institute Road, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences Center, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - A A Salifu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, 100 Institute Road, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - S C Eluu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, 420110, Ifite Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - V O Uzonwanne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, 100 Institute Road, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - S M Jusu
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - C C Nwazojie
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - C E Onyekanne
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - O Ojelabi
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - L Payne
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 303 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01604, USA
| | - C M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 303 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01604, USA
| | - J A King
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 303 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01604, USA.,Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Gateway Park Life Sciences Center, 60 Prescott Street (Gateway Park I), Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - W O Soboyejo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, 100 Institute Road, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01609, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences Center, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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42
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Kanou A, Nishimura S, Tabuchi T, Matsuyama A, Yoshida M, Kato T, Kakeya H. Serine catabolism produces ROS, sensitizes cells to actin dysfunction, and suppresses cell growth in fission yeast. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:574-580. [PMID: 32313168 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Serine is an essential component in organisms as a building block of biomolecules, a precursor of metabolites, an allosteric regulator of an enzyme, etc. This amino acid is thought to be a key metabolite in human diseases including cancers and infectious diseases. To understand the consequence of serine catabolism, we screened natural products to identify a fungal metabolite chaetoglobosin D (ChD) as a specific inhibitor of fission yeast cell growth when cultivated with serine as a sole nitrogen source. ChD targets actin, and actin mutant cells showed severe growth defect on serine medium. ROS accumulated in cells when cultivated in serine medium, while actin mutant cells showed increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. ROS production is a new aspect of serine metabolism, which might be involved in disease progression, and actin could be the drug target for curing serine-dependent symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kanou
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nishimura
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. .,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. .,Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Toshitsugu Tabuchi
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akihisa Matsuyama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Taira Kato
- Research & Development Division, MicroBiopharm Japan Co., Ltd., 156 Nakagawara, Kiyosu-shi, Aichi, 452-0915, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kakeya
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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43
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Zhao W, Qu X, Zhuang Y, Wang L, Bosch M, Franklin-Tong VE, Xue Y, Huang S. Villin controls the formation and enlargement of punctate actin foci in pollen tubes. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs237404. [PMID: 32051284 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) in the poppy Papaver rhoeas triggers dramatic alterations in actin within pollen tubes. However, how these actin alterations are mechanistically achieved remains largely unexplored. Here, we used treatment with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 to mimic the SI-induced elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ and trigger formation of the distinctive F-actin foci. Live-cell imaging revealed that this remodeling involves F-actin fragmentation and depolymerization, accompanied by the rapid formation of punctate actin foci and subsequent increase in their size. We established that actin foci are generated and enlarged from crosslinking of fragmented actin filament structures. Moreover, we show that villins associate with actin structures and are involved in this actin reorganization process. Notably, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis VILLIN5 promotes actin depolymerization and formation of actin foci by fragmenting actin filaments, and controlling the enlargement of actin foci via bundling of actin filaments. Our study thus uncovers important novel insights about the molecular players and mechanisms involved in forming the distinctive actin foci in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhao
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ludi Wang
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Vernonica E Franklin-Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yongbiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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44
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Dvorakova M, Lapcik P, Bouchalova P, Bouchal P. Transgelin Silencing Induces Different Processes in Different Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900383. [PMID: 32061197 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transgelin is a protein reported to be a marker of several cancers. However, previous studies have shown both up- and down-regulation of transgelin in tumors when compared with non-tumor tissues and the mechanisms whereby transgelin may affect the development of cancer remain largely unknown. Transgelin is especially abundant in smooth muscle cells and is associated with actin stress fibers. These contractile structures participate in cell motility, adhesion, and the maintenance of cell morphology. Here, the role of transgelin in breast cancer is focused on. Initially, the effects of transgelin on cell migration of the breast cancer cell lines, BT 549 and PMC 42, is studied. Interestingly, transgelin silencing increased the migration of PMC 42 cells, but decreased the migration of BT 549 cells. To clarify these contradictory results, the changes in protein abundances after transgelin silencing in these two cell lines are analyzed using quantitative proteomics. The results confirmed the role of transgelin in the migration of BT 549 cells and suggest the involvement of transgelin in apoptosis and small molecule biochemistry in PMC 42 cells. The context-dependent function of transgelin reflects the different molecular backgrounds of these cell lines, which differ in karyotypes, mutation statuses, and proteome profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dvorakova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, 65653, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Lapcik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bouchalova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
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45
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Kim MJ, Choi KH, Seo DW, Lee HR, Kong HS, Lee CH, Lee WS, Lee HT, Ko JJ, Kim JH, Lee SJ, Lee JH. Association Between Functional Activity of Mitochondria and Actin Cytoskeleton Instability in Oocytes from Advanced Age Mice. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1037-1046. [PMID: 32026305 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with the oocyte quality and aging, wherein the aged oocytes are related to the actin cytoskeleton integrity; however, whether this integrity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in oocytes from aged mice remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and actin cytoskeleton instability in oocytes from the aged mice. We performed comparable analysis of mitochondrial motility between young, 1.5 μM cytochalasin B (CB)-treated young oocytes, and aged oocytes by confocal live imaging. Moreover, we analyzed the relationships between mitochondrial motility and maturation ratios, including ATP production ratio of the young, CB-treated young, and aged oocytes. Actin cytoskeleton instability in the aged oocytes and CB-treated young oocytes led to a significant decrease in the mitochondrial motility and low ATP productive ratios compared to those in the young group. Our data suggest that the actin cytoskeleton instability is presumably the primary cause for the loss of mitochondrial function in the aged murine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Joo Kim
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Choi
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, South Korea.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong Woo Seo
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, South Korea
| | - Hye Ran Lee
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology & Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, South Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology & Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, South Korea
| | - Woo Sik Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06135, South Korea
| | - Hoon Taek Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jung Jae Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, 11160, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyang Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea.
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology & Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04637, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, 11160, South Korea.
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46
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Valiakhmetov AY, Kuchin AV, Suzina NE, Zvonarev AN, Shepelyakovskaya AO. Glucose causes primary necrosis in exponentially grown yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5347945. [PMID: 30785621 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present data on sugar-induced cell death (SICD) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the exponential phase of growth. We suggest that the nature of SICD in exponentially grown yeast is primary necrosis, in contrast to cells in the stationary growth phase, which exhibit apoptotic SICD. The following findings confirm this conclusion: (i) the process rate; (ii) the impairments of plasma membrane integrity; (iii) the drastic morphological changes in the intracellular content; (iv) the absence of chromatin condensation; (v) the absence of externalization of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer leaflet of plasma membrane and (vi) the insensitivity of the SICD process to cycloheximide (CHX). Research shows that SICD occurs in a subpopulation of cells in the S-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ya Valiakhmetov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC PCBR RAS.,Moscow Region State University
| | - A V Kuchin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, FRC PCBR RAS
| | - N E Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC PCBR RAS
| | - A N Zvonarev
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC PCBR RAS
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47
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Cell organelles and yeast longevity: an intertwined regulation. Curr Genet 2019; 66:15-41. [PMID: 31535186 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organelles are dynamic structures of a eukaryotic cell that compartmentalize various essential functions and regulate optimum functioning. On the other hand, ageing is an inevitable phenomenon that leads to irreversible cellular damage and affects optimum functioning of cells. Recent research shows compelling evidence that connects organelle dysfunction to ageing-related diseases/disorders. Studies in several model systems including yeast have led to seminal contributions to the field of ageing in uncovering novel pathways, proteins and their functions, identification of pro- and anti-ageing factors and so on. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of findings that highlight the role of organelles in ageing and ageing-associated functions/pathways in yeast.
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48
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Goswami I, Perry JB, Allen ME, Brown DA, von Spakovsky MR, Verbridge SS. Influence of Pulsed Electric Fields and Mitochondria-Cytoskeleton Interactions on Cell Respiration. Biophys J 2019; 114:2951-2964. [PMID: 29925031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields with microsecond pulse width (μsPEFs) are used clinically; namely, irreversible electroporation/Nanoknife is used for soft tissue tumor ablation. The μsPEF pulse parameters used in irreversible electroporation (0.5-1 kV/cm, 80-100 pulses, ∼100 μs each, 1 Hz frequency) may cause an internal field to develop within the cell because of the disruption of the outer cell membrane and subsequent penetration of the electric field. An internal field may disrupt voltage-sensitive mitochondria, although the research literature has been relatively unclear regarding whether such disruptions occur with μsPEFs. This investigation reports the influence of clinically used μsPEF parameters on mitochondrial respiration in live cells. Using a high-throughput Agilent Seahorse machine, it was observed that μsPEF exposure comprising 80 pulses with amplitudes of 600 or 700 V/cm did not alter mitochondrial respiration in 4T1 cells measured after overnight postexposure recovery. To record alterations in mitochondrial function immediately after μsPEF exposure, high-resolution respirometry was used to measure the electron transport chain state via responses to glutamate-malate and ADP and mitochondrial membrane potential via response to carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. In addition to measuring immediate mitochondrial responses to μsPEF exposure, measurements were also made on cells permeabilized using digitonin and those with compromised cytoskeleton due to actin depolymerization via treatment with the drug latrunculin B. The former treatment was used as a control to tease out the effects of plasma membrane permeabilization, whereas the latter was used to investigate indirect effects on the mitochondria that may occur if μsPEFs impact the cytoskeleton on which the mitochondria are anchored. Based on the results, it was concluded that within the pulse parameters tested, μsPEFs alone do not hinder mitochondrial physiology but can be used to impact the mitochondria upon compromising the actin. Mitochondrial susceptibility to μsPEF after actin depolymerization provides, to our knowledge, a novel avenue for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Goswami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Justin B Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Mitchell E Allen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Michael R von Spakovsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
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49
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Sampaio-Marques B, Ludovico P. Linking cellular proteostasis to yeast longevity. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 18:4970764. [PMID: 29800380 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis is a cellular housekeeping process that refers to the healthy maintenance of the cellular proteome that governs the fate of proteins from synthesis to degradation. Perturbations of proteostasis might result in protein dysfunction with consequent deleterious effects that can culminate in cell death. To deal with the loss of proteostasis, cells are supplied with a highly sophisticated and interconnected network that integrates as major players the molecular chaperones and the protein degradation pathways. It is well recognized that the ability of cells to maintain proteostasis declines during ageing, although the precise mechanisms are still elusive. Indeed, genetic or pharmacological enhancement of the proteostasis network has been shown to extend lifespan in a variety of ageing models. Therefore, an improved understanding of the interventions/mechanisms that contribute to cellular protein quality control will have a huge impact on the ageing field. This mini-review centers on the current knowledge about the major pathways that contribute for the maintenance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteostasis, with particular emphasis on the developments that highlight the multidimensional nature of the proteostasis network in the maintenance of proteostasis, as well as the age-dependent changes on this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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50
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Seixas AI, Azevedo MM, Paes de Faria J, Fernandes D, Mendes Pinto I, Relvas JB. Evolvability of the actin cytoskeleton in oligodendrocytes during central nervous system development and aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1-11. [PMID: 30302529 PMCID: PMC11105620 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The organization of actin filaments into a wide range of subcellular structures is a defining feature of cell shape and dynamics, important for tissue development and homeostasis. Nervous system function requires morphological and functional plasticity of neurons and glial cells, which is largely determined by the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to intrinsic and extracellular signals. Oligodendrocytes are specialized glia that extend multiple actin-based protrusions to form the multilayered myelin membrane that spirally wraps around axons, increasing conduction speed and promoting long-term axonal integrity. Myelination is a remarkable biological paradigm in development, and maintenance of myelin is essential for a healthy adult nervous system. In this review, we discuss how structure and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton is a defining feature of myelinating oligodendrocytes' biology and function. We also review "old and new" concepts to reflect on the potential role of the cytoskeleton in balancing life and death of myelin membranes and oligodendrocytes in the aging central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Seixas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Manuela Azevedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paes de Faria
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Fernandes
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, Braga, Portugal
| | - Inês Mendes Pinto
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Bettencourt Relvas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regeneration and Precision Medicine, Porto Campus, Porto, Portugal
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