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Fan Q, Yan R, Li Y, Lu L, Liu J, Li S, Fu T, Xue Y, Liu J, Li Z. Exploring Immune Cell Diversity in the Lacrimal Glands of Healthy Mice: A Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Atlas. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1208. [PMID: 38279208 PMCID: PMC10816500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland is responsible for maintaining the health of the ocular surface through the production of tears. However, our understanding of the immune system within the lacrimal gland is currently limited. Therefore, in this study, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to identify and analyze immune cells and molecules present in the lacrimal glands of normal mice. A total of 34,891 cells were obtained from the lacrimal glands of mice and classified into 18 distinct cell clusters using Seurat clustering. Within these cell populations, 26 different immune cell subpopulations were identified, including T cells, innate lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, and B cells. Network analysis revealed complex cell-cell interactions between these immune cells, with particularly significant interactions observed among T cells, macrophages, plasma cells, and dendritic cells. Interestingly, T cells were found to be the main source of ligands for the Thy1 signaling pathway, while M2 macrophages were identified as the primary target of this pathway. Moreover, some of these immune cells were validated using immunohistological techniques. Collectively, these findings highlight the abundance and interactions of immune cells and provide valuable insights into the complexity of the lacrimal gland immune system and its relevance to associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Fan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.F.); (J.L.)
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Ruyu Yan
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yan Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Liyuan Lu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiangman Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.F.); (J.L.)
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Senmao Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (R.Y.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.L.); (T.F.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Mesquita FV, Ferreira V, Mesquita D, Andrade LEC. CD4 T lymphocyte subsets display heterogeneous susceptibility to apoptosis induced by serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:40. [PMID: 37587510 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients has been shown to induce T-lymphocyte (TL) apoptosis. Given that different cells of the immune system display different sensitivity to apoptosis, we set to evaluate the in vitro effect of SLE serum on regulatory T-cells (Treg), Th17, Th1 and Th2 from SLE patients and healthy controls. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE patients or normal controls were exposed to a pool of sera from SLE patients or normal controls. Annexin V was used to label cells in apoptosis or necrosis. Annexin V-labeled Treg, Th17, Th1 and Th2 cells were determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS Total CD3 + and CD4 + cells from SLE patients showed higher frequency of spontaneous apoptosis/necrosis, whereas Th1 cells from SLE patients presented reduced spontaneous apoptosis/necrosis rate as compared with cells from controls. Incubation with SLE serum induced increased frequency of apoptotic/necrotic CD3 + , CD4 + and Th2 cells from normal controls or from SLE patients as compared with cultures incubated with normal human serum (NHS) or without human serum at all. Incubation with SLE serum did not increase the apoptosis/necrosis rate in Th1 or Th17 cells. Treg cells from SLE patients were more prone to apoptosis/necrosis induced by SLE serum than Treg cells from normal individuals. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells presented increased apoptosis rates in cultures without human serum. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the serum of patients with active SLE stimulates apoptosis of CD4 + T cells in general and exhibit differentiated effects on CD4 + T-cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Vieira Mesquita
- Division of Rheumatology - Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, SP, 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ferreira
- Division of Rheumatology - Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, SP, 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Mesquita
- Division of Rheumatology - Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, SP, 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Eduardo Coelho Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology - Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, SP, 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Yang G, Cai S, Hu M, Li C, Yang L, Zhang W, Sun J, Sun F, Xing L, Sun X. Functional status and spatial architecture of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are associated with lymph node metastases in non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:320. [PMID: 37173705 PMCID: PMC10182600 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy has been recommended for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with lymph node metastases (LNM). However, the exact functional feature and spatial architecture of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells remain unclear in these patients. METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMAs) from 279 IA-IIIB NSCLC samples were stained by multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) for 11 markers (CD8, CD103, PD-1, Tim3, GZMB, CD4, Foxp3, CD31, αSMA, Hif-1α, pan-CK). We evaluated the density of CD8 + T-cell functional subsets, the mean nearest neighbor distance (mNND) between CD8 + T cells and neighboring cells, and the cancer-cell proximity score (CCPS) in invasive margin (IM) as well as tumor center (TC) to investigate their relationships with LNM and prognosis. RESULTS The densities of CD8 + T-cell functional subsets, including predysfunctional CD8 + T cells (Tpredys) and dysfunctional CD8 + T cells (Tdys), in IM predominated over those in TC (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified that the densities of CD8 + Tpredys cells in TC and CD8 + Tdys cells in IM were significantly associated with LNM [OR = 0.51, 95%CI (0.29-0.88), P = 0.015; OR = 5.80, 95%CI (3.19-10.54), P < 0.001; respectively] and recurrence-free survival (RFS) [HR = 0.55, 95%CI (0.34-0.89), P = 0.014; HR = 2.49, 95%CI (1.60-4.13), P = 0.012; respectively], independent of clinicopathological factors. Additionally, shorter mNND between CD8 + T cells and their neighboring immunoregulatory cells indicated a stronger interplay network in the microenvironment of NSCLC patients with LNM and was associated with worse prognosis. Furthermore, analysis of CCPS suggested that cancer microvessels (CMVs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) selectively hindered CD8 + T cells from contacting with cancer cells, and were associated with the dysfunction of CD8 + T cells. CONCLUSION Tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells were in a more dysfunctional status and in a more immunosuppressive microenvironment in patients with LNM compared with those without LNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Yang
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Siqi Cai
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyu Hu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chaozhuo Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liying Yang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jujie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fenghao Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, No.440, Jiyan Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaorong Sun
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, No.440, Jiyan Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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New Developments in T Cell Immunometabolism and Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040708. [PMID: 35203357 PMCID: PMC8870179 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in the field of immunotherapy, the elimination of established tumors has not been achieved. Many promising new treatments such as adoptive cell therapy (ACT) fall short, primarily due to the loss of T cell effector function or the failure of long-term T cell persistence. With the availability of new tools and advancements in technology, our understanding of metabolic processes has increased enormously in the last decade. Redundancy in metabolic pathways and overlapping targets that could address the plasticity and heterogenous phenotypes of various T cell subsets have illuminated the need for understanding immunometabolism in the context of multiple disease states, including cancer immunology. Herein, we discuss the developing field of T cell immunometabolism and its crucial relevance to improving immunotherapeutic approaches. This in-depth review details the metabolic pathways and preferences of the antitumor immune system and the state of various metabolism-targeting therapeutic approaches.
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T cell apoptosis characterizes severe Covid-19 disease. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1486-1499. [PMID: 35066575 PMCID: PMC8782710 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe SARS-CoV-2 infections are characterized by lymphopenia, but the mechanisms involved are still elusive. Based on our knowledge of HIV pathophysiology, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection-mediated lymphopenia could also be related to T cell apoptosis. By comparing intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU COVID-19 patients with age-matched healthy donors, we found a strong positive correlation between plasma levels of soluble FasL (sFasL) and T cell surface expression of Fas/CD95 with the propensity of T cells to die and CD4 T cell counts. Plasma levels of sFasL and T cell death are correlated with CXCL10 which is part of the signature of 4 biomarkers of disease severity (ROC, 0.98). We also found that members of the Bcl-2 family had modulated in the T cells of COVID-19 patients. More importantly, we demonstrated that the pan-caspase inhibitor, Q-VD, prevents T cell death by apoptosis and enhances Th1 transcripts. Altogether, our results are compatible with a model in which T-cell apoptosis accounts for T lymphopenia in individuals with severe COVID-19. Therefore, a strategy aimed at blocking caspase activation could be beneficial for preventing immunodeficiency in COVID-19 patients.
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Mo Y, Ye L, Cai H, Zhu G, Wang J, Zhu M, Song X, Yang C, Jin M. SERPINB10 contributes to asthma by inhibiting the apoptosis of allergenic Th2 cells. Respir Res 2021; 22:178. [PMID: 34126986 PMCID: PMC8201873 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 10 (SERPINB10) contributes to allergic inflammation in asthma. However, its role in the T-helper type 2 (Th2) response of allergic asthma is not known. The goal of this study was to unveil the function of SERPINB10 in the Th2 response of allergic asthma and the mechanism by which SERPINB10 affects the viability of Th2 cells. METHODS Th2 cytokines and serum levels of house dust mite (HDM)-specific IgE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined by ELISA in an HDM-induced asthma model. The number and apoptosis of Th1 and Th2 cells in mouse lungs were measured by flow cytometry. Naïve CD4 T cells from patients with asthma were cultured under appropriate polarizing conditions to generate Th1 and Th2 cells. SERPINB10 expression in polarized Th1 and Th2 cells was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. SERPINB10 expression was knocked down in human CD4 T cells with lentivirus. RESULTS Knockdown of SERPINB10 expression significantly diminished HDM-induced Th2 cytokine secretion and level of HDM-specific IgE. After HDM exposure, SERPINB10-knockdown mice had diminished numbers of Th2 cells, but similar numbers of Th1 cells, compared with those in negative-control mice. Th2 cells of SERPINB10-knockdown mice were more susceptible to apoptosis than that of control mice. Stimulating T-cell receptors (TCRs) with anti-CD3 antibody caused upregulation of SERPINB10 expression in polarized Th2 cells, but not polarized Th1 cells. Knockdown of SERPINB10 expression resulted in fewer numbers and greater apoptosis of polarized Th2 cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SERPINB10 may contribute to allergic inflammation and the Th2 response of asthma by inhibiting the apoptosis of Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Mo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guiping Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengchan Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xixi Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chengyu Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Abstract
Background The precise responsible mechanism of pre-eclampsia remains controversial however, recent data suggest a main role of the abnormal activation of the adaptive immune system and Apoptosis. In this study, we have measured serum levels of Fas/Fasl as two important members of extrinsic apoptotic pathway in patient with pre-eclampsia. Methods 207 participants including 99 pre-eclampsia patients and 108 age and sex-matched normal pregnant women were involved in the case-control study. Plasma sample from each participant was collected and stored at -20 °C until batch processing.Serum levels of Fas and Fas ligand were measured by ELISA for each participant including 99 pre-eclampsia patients and 108 normal pregnant women. Following a test of statistical normality, nonparametric data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney. Results sFas levels in case group was significantly higher than controls; 584 (397-892) pg/ml in cases opposed to 341 (213-602) pg/ml in controls (p value< 0.01). sFasL in pre-eclampsia women was a little lower than controls; 255 (173-318) pg/ml and in case group compared to 265.5 (184-381.5) pg/ml in controls. Conclusion We have found the increased levels of sFas in patients with pre-eclampsia in compare with the healthy pregnant women. It seems that abnormality in sFAS is related with pre-eclampsia.
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Luo F, Chu Y. Optimization of T Cell Redirecting Strategies: Obtaining Inspirations From Natural Process of T Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664329. [PMID: 33981310 PMCID: PMC8107274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) redirected T cell against tumors is one of the most promising immunotherapy approaches. However, insufficient clinical outcomes are still observed in treatments of both solid and non-solid tumors. Limited efficacy and poor persistence are two major challenges in redirected T cell therapies. The immunological synapse (IS) is a vital component during the T cell response, which largely determines the clinical outcomes of T cell-based therapies. Here, we review the structural and signaling characteristics of IS formed by natural T cells and redirected T cells. Furthermore, inspired by the elaborate natural T cell receptor-mediated IS, we provide potential strategies for higher efficacy and longer persistence of redirected T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Gao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuedi Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Martínez-Rodríguez M, Monteagudo C. CCL27 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1302:113-132. [PMID: 34286445 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62658-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a group of small proteins which play an important role in leukocyte migration and invasion. They are also involved in the cellular proliferation and migration of tumor cells.Chemokine CCL27 (cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine, CTACK) is mainly expressed by keratinocytes of the normal epidermis. It is well known that this chemokine plays an important role in several inflammatory diseases of the skin, such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and psoriasis. Moreover, several studies have shown an association between CCL27 expression and a variety of neoplasms including skin cancer.In this chapter, we address the role of chemokine CCL27 in the tumor microenvironment in the most relevant cancers of the skin and other anatomical locations. We also make a brief comment on future perspectives and the potential relation of CCL27 with different immunotherapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Hospital-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Zöphel D, Hof C, Lis A. Altered Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Immune Cells during Aging: Role of Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010110. [PMID: 33374304 PMCID: PMC7794837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an unstoppable process and begins shortly after birth. Each cell of the organism is affected by the irreversible process, not only with equal density but also at varying ages and with different speed. Therefore, aging can also be understood as an adaptation to a continually changing cellular environment. One of these very prominent changes in age affects Ca2+ signaling. Especially immune cells highly rely on Ca2+-dependent processes and a strictly regulated Ca2+ homeostasis. The intricate patterns of impaired immune cell function may represent a deficit or compensatory mechanisms. Besides, altered immune function through Ca2+ signaling can profoundly affect the development of age-related disease. This review attempts to summarize changes in Ca2+ signaling due to channels and receptors in T cells and beyond in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette Lis
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-06841-1616318; Fax: +49-(0)-6841-1616302
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Roodgar M, Babveyh A, Nguyen LH, Zhou W, Sinha R, Lee H, Hanks JB, Avula M, Jiang L, Jian R, Lee H, Song G, Chaib H, Weissman IL, Batzoglou S, Holmes S, Smith DG, Mankowski JL, Prost S, Snyder MP. Chromosome-level de novo assembly of the pig-tailed macaque genome using linked-read sequencing and HiC proximity scaffolding. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa069. [PMID: 32649757 PMCID: PMC7350979 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macaque species share >93% genome homology with humans and develop many disease phenotypes similar to those of humans, making them valuable animal models for the study of human diseases (e.g., HIV and neurodegenerative diseases). However, the quality of genome assembly and annotation for several macaque species lags behind the human genome effort. RESULTS To close this gap and enhance functional genomics approaches, we used a combination of de novo linked-read assembly and scaffolding using proximity ligation assay (HiC) to assemble the pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) genome. This combinatorial method yielded large scaffolds at chromosome level with a scaffold N50 of 127.5 Mb; the 23 largest scaffolds covered 90% of the entire genome. This assembly revealed large-scale rearrangements between pig-tailed macaque chromosomes 7, 12, and 13 and human chromosomes 2, 14, and 15. We subsequently annotated the genome using transcriptome and proteomics data from personalized induced pluripotent stem cells derived from the same animal. Reconstruction of the evolutionary tree using whole-genome annotation and orthologous comparisons among 3 macaque species, human, and mouse genomes revealed extensive homology between human and pig-tailed macaques with regards to both pluripotent stem cell genes and innate immune gene pathways. Our results confirm that rhesus and cynomolgus macaques exhibit a closer evolutionary distance to each other than either species exhibits to humans or pig-tailed macaques. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that pig-tailed macaques can serve as an excellent animal model for the study of many human diseases particularly with regards to pluripotency and innate immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Roodgar
- Department of Genetics, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Afshin Babveyh
- Department of Genetics, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lan H Nguyen
- Institute for computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- Department of Genetics, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Dr. Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hayan Lee
- Department of Genetics, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John B Hanks
- Stanford Research Computing Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohan Avula
- Department of Genetics, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Department of Genetics, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruiqi Jian
- Department of Genetics, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hoyong Lee
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Giltae Song
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hassan Chaib
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Dr. Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irv L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Serafim Batzoglou
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David G Smith
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joseph L Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stefan Prost
- LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, National Zoological Garden, Pretoria, 0184, South Africa
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Dr. Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Bhattacharyya ND, Feng CG. Regulation of T Helper Cell Fate by TCR Signal Strength. Front Immunol 2020; 11:624. [PMID: 32508803 PMCID: PMC7248325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are critical in orchestrating protective immune responses to cancer and an array of pathogens. The interaction between a peptide MHC (pMHC) complex on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) on T cells initiates T cell activation, division, and clonal expansion in secondary lymphoid organs. T cells must also integrate multiple T cell-intrinsic and extrinsic signals to acquire the effector functions essential for the defense against invading microbes. In the case of T helper cell differentiation, while innate cytokines have been demonstrated to shape effector CD4+ T lymphocyte function, the contribution of TCR signaling strength to T helper cell differentiation is less understood. In this review, we summarize the signaling cascades regulated by the strength of TCR stimulation. Various mechanisms in which TCR signal strength controls T helper cell expansion and differentiation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan D Bhattacharyya
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carl G Feng
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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van Duijn J, Kritikou E, Benne N, van der Heijden T, van Puijvelde GH, Kröner MJ, Schaftenaar FH, Foks AC, Wezel A, Smeets H, Yagita H, Bot I, Jiskoot W, Kuiper J, Slütter B. CD8+ T-cells contribute to lesion stabilization in advanced atherosclerosis by limiting macrophage content and CD4+ T-cell responses. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:729-738. [PMID: 30335148 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS T lymphocytes play an important role in atherosclerosis development, but the role of the CD8+ T-cell remains debated, especially in the clinically relevant advanced stages of atherosclerosis development. Here, we set out to determine the role of CD8+ T-cells in advanced atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Human endarterectomy samples analysed by flow cytometry showed a negative correlation between the percentage of CD8+ T-cells and macrophages, suggesting a possible protective role for these cells in lesion development. To further test this hypothesis, LDLr-/- mice were fed a western-type diet (WTD) for 10 weeks to induce atherosclerosis, after which they received CD8α-depleting or isotype control antibody for 6 weeks. Depletion of CD8+ T-cells in advanced atherosclerosis resulted in less stable lesions, with significantly reduced collagen content in the trivalve area, increased macrophage content and increased necrotic core area compared with controls. Mechanistically, we observed that CD8 depletion specifically increased the fraction of Th1 CD4+ T-cells in the lesions. Treatment of WTD-fed LDLr-/- mice with a FasL-neutralizing antibody resulted in similar changes in macrophages and CD4+ T-cell skewing as CD8+ T-cell depletion. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate for the first time a local, protective role for CD8+ T-cells in advanced atherosclerosis, through limiting accumulation of Th1 cells and macrophages, identifying a novel regulatory mechanism for these cells in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine van Duijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Kritikou
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naomi Benne
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas van der Heijden
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H van Puijvelde
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mara J Kröner
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank H Schaftenaar
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Room EE1.17, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
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14
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Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signalling is of paramount importance to immunity. Regulated increases in cytosolic and organellar Ca2+ concentrations in lymphocytes control complex and crucial effector functions such as metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, antibody and cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity. Altered Ca2+ regulation in lymphocytes leads to various autoimmune, inflammatory and immunodeficiency syndromes. Several types of plasma membrane and organellar Ca2+-permeable channels are functional in T cells. They contribute highly localized spatial and temporal Ca2+ microdomains that are required for achieving functional specificity. While the mechanistic details of these Ca2+ microdomains are only beginning to emerge, it is evident that through crosstalk, synergy and feedback mechanisms, they fine-tune T cell signalling to match complex immune responses. In this article, we review the expression and function of various Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and endolysosomes of T cells and their role in shaping immunity and the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Jean-Pierre Kinet
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Voss K, Luthers CR, Pohida K, Snow AL. Fatty Acid Synthase Contributes to Restimulation-Induced Cell Death of Human CD4 T Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:106. [PMID: 31681794 PMCID: PMC6803432 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Restimulation-induced cell death (RICD) is an apoptotic pathway triggered in activated effector T cells after T cell receptor (TCR) re-engagement. RICD operates at the peak of the immune response to ensure T cell expansion remains in check to maintain immune homeostasis. Understanding the biochemical regulation of RICD sensitivity may provide strategies for tuning the magnitude of an effector T cell response. Metabolic reprogramming in activated T cells is not only critical for T cell differentiation and effector functions, but also influences apoptosis sensitivity. We previously demonstrated that aerobic glycolysis correlates with optimum RICD sensitivity in human effector CD8 T cells. However, metabolic programming in CD4 T cells has not been investigated in this context. We employed a pharmacological approach to explore the effects of fatty acid and glycolytic metabolism on RICD sensitivity in primary human CD4 T cells. Blockade of fatty acid synthase (FASN) with the compound C75 significantly protected CD4 effector T cells from RICD, suggesting that fatty acid biosynthesis contributes to RICD sensitivity. Interestingly, sphingolipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) were dispensable for RICD. Disruption of glycolysis did not protect CD4 T cells from RICD unless glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) enzymatic activity was targeted specifically, highlighting important differences in the metabolic control of RICD in effector CD4 vs. CD8 T cell populations. Moreover, C75 treatment protected effector CD4 T cells derived from naïve, effector memory, and central memory T cell subsets. Decreased RICD in C75-treated CD4 T cells correlated with markedly reduced FAS ligand (FASL) induction and a Th2-skewed phenotype, consistent with RICD-resistant CD4 T cells. These findings highlight FASN as a critical metabolic potentiator of RICD in human effector CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Voss
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher R Luthers
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katherine Pohida
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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16
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Jung KT, Oh SH. Polyubiquitination of p62/SQSTM1 is a prerequisite for Fas/CD95 aggregation to promote caspase-dependent apoptosis in cadmium-exposed mouse monocyte RAW264.7 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12240. [PMID: 31439879 PMCID: PMC6706394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium(Cd) induces cytotoxicity via autophagy-induced apoptosis in non-activated mouse monocytes; however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that autophagy induces Fas (CD95/APO-1)-mediated apoptosis by promoting accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 in response to Cd. Cd produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, peaking at 6 h, and exhibiting a concentration-dependent increase. Immunoblot analysis revealed polyubiquitinated (polyUb) full-length Fas (antibody clone G-9) and reduced cytosolic Fas (antibody clone M-20) in Cd-exposed RAW264.7 cells. The accumulation of polyUb-Fas was transient and positively correlated with polyUb-p62 and polyUb-proteins. Autophagy inhibition via chemical and genetic modulation suppressed Cd-induced polyUb-p62, polyUb-Fas, and polyUb-protein levels, whereas the level of cytosolic Fas recovered to that of the control. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining for full-length Fas, p62, and ubiquitin revealed an aggregated pattern in Cd-induced apoptotic cells, which was inhibited by blocking autophagy. Fas colocalized with microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC)-3B. IF staining and immunoprecipitation assays revealed colocalization and interaction among p62, Ub, and Fas. Knockdown of p62 reduced the binding of Ub and Fas. Together, these data suggest that polyUb-p62 targets Fas and recruits it to autophagosomes, where Fas transiently aggregates to promote apoptosis and is degraded with polyUb-p62. In conclusion, autophagy regulates C-terminal cytosolic Fas aggregation via p62 polyubiquitination, which is required for apoptosis and may play a critical role in the production of select cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Tae Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmundaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Oh
- School of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmundaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea.
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17
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Abstract
The clinical onset of type 1 diabetes is characterized by the destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas and is caused by autoantigen-induced inflammation (insulitis) of the islets of Langerhans. The current standard of care for type 1 diabetes mellitus patients allows for management of the disease with exogenous insulin, but patients eventually succumb to many chronic complications such as limb amputation, blindness, and kidney failure. New therapeutic approaches now on the horizon are looking beyond glycemic management and are evaluating new strategies from protecting and regenerating endogenous islets to treating the underlying autoimmunity through selective modulation of key immune cell populations. Currently, there are no effective treatments for the autoimmunity that causes the disease, and strategies that aim to delay or prevent the onset of the disease will play an important role in the future of diabetes research. In this review, we summarize many of the key efforts underway that utilize molecular approaches to selectively modulate this disease and look at new therapeutic paradigms that can transform clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sheehy
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Sean Quinnell
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Arturo J. Vegas
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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18
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Lin Y, Wang L, Yan Y, Zhou W, Chen Z. A meta-analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α and FAS/FASL polymorphisms with risk of pre-eclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2019; 38:20-31. [DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2018.1543432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Obstetrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, P.R. China
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19
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Williams JW, Ferreira CM, Blaine KM, Rayon C, Velázquez F, Tong J, Peter ME, Sperling AI. Non-apoptotic Fas (CD95) Signaling on T Cells Regulates the Resolution of Th2-Mediated Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2521. [PMID: 30443253 PMCID: PMC6221963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas (CD95/APO-1) and its ligand (FasL/CD95L) promote the resolution of type 2 lung inflammation and eosinophilia. We previously found that Fas-deficiency on T cells, but not eosinophils, delayed resolution of inflammation. However, Fas can signal both cell death and have a positive signaling function that can actually activate cells. In this study, we investigated whether Fas-induced death or Fas-activated signaling pathways promote resolution of allergic lung inflammation. By increasing T cell survival through two Fas-independent pathways, using Bim-deficient T cells or Bcl-xL overexpressing T cells, no differences in resolution of Th2-mediated inflammation was observed. Furthermore, Th2 cells were inherently resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis and preferentially signaled through non-apoptotic pathways following FasL treatment. Utilizing Fas-mutant mice deficient in apoptotic but sufficient for non-apoptotic Fas signaling pathways, we demonstrate that non-apoptotic Fas signaling in T cells drives resolution of Th2-mediated airway inflammation. Our findings reveal a previously unknown role for non-apoptotic Fas signaling on Th2 cells in the induction of resolution of type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W Williams
- Committee on Molecular Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kelly M Blaine
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Crystal Rayon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Francisco Velázquez
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jiankun Tong
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Committee on Molecular Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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20
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Shamji MH, Temblay JN, Cheng W, Byrne SM, Macfarlane E, Switzer AR, Francisco NDC, Olexandra F, Jacubczik F, Durham SR, Ashton-Rickardt PG. Antiapoptotic serine protease inhibitors contribute to survival of allergenic T H2 cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:569-581.e5. [PMID: 29106998 PMCID: PMC5920800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms that regulate maintenance of persistent TH2 cells and potentiate allergic inflammation are not well understood. OBJECTIVE The function of serine protease inhibitor 2A (Spi2A) was studied in mouse TH2 cells, and the serine protease inhibitor B3 (SERPINB3) and SERPINB4 genes were studied in TH2 cells from patients with grass pollen allergy. METHODS Spi2A-deficient TH2 cells were studied in in vitro culture or in vivo after challenge of Spi2A knockout mice with ovalbumin in alum. Expression of SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mRNA was measured in in vitro-cultured TH2 cells and in ex vivo CD27-CD4+ cells and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) 2 from patients with grass pollen allergy by using quantitative PCR. SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mRNA levels were knocked down in cultured CD27-CD4+ cells with small hairpin RNA. RESULTS There were lower levels of in vitro-polarized TH2 cells from Spi2A knockout mice (P < .005) and in vivo after ovalbumin challenge (P < .05), higher levels of apoptosis (Annexin V positivity, P < .005), and less lung allergic inflammation (number of lung eosinophils, P < .005). In vitro-polarized TH2 cells from patients with grass pollen allergy expressed higher levels of both SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mRNA (both P < .05) compared with unpolarized CD4 T cells. CD27-CD4+ from patients with grass pollen allergy expressed higher levels of both SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mRNA (both P < .0005) compared with CD27+CD4+ cells. ILC2 expressed higher levels of both SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mRNA (both P < .0005) compared with ILC1. Knockdown of either SERPINB3 or SERPINB4 mRNA (both P < .005) levels resulted in decreased viability of CD27-CD4+ compared with control transduced cells. CONCLUSION The Serpins Spi2A in mice and SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 in allergic patients control the viability of TH2 cells. This provides proof of principle for a therapeutic approach for allergic disease through ablation of allergic memory TH2 cells through SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 mRNA downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, London, United Kingdom; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff N Temblay
- Section of Immunobiology, Division of Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Cheng
- Section of Immunobiology, Division of Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Byrne
- Section of Immunobiology, Division of Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Macfarlane
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, London, United Kingdom; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy R Switzer
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, London, United Kingdom; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia D C Francisco
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, London, United Kingdom; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fabian Jacubczik
- Section of Immunobiology, Division of Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, London, United Kingdom; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, and the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip G Ashton-Rickardt
- Section of Immunobiology, Division of Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Georgiev H, Ravens I, Papadogianni G, Halle S, Malissen B, Loots GG, Förster R, Bernhardt G. Shared and Unique Features Distinguishing Follicular T Helper and Regulatory Cells of Peripheral Lymph Node and Peyer's Patches. Front Immunol 2018; 9:714. [PMID: 29686684 PMCID: PMC5900012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper (TFH) and regulatory (TFR) cells are critical players in managing germinal center (GC) reactions that accomplish effective humoral immune responses. Transcriptome analyses were done comparing gene regulation of TFH and TFR cells isolated from Peyer’s Patches (PP) and immunized peripheral lymph nodes (pLNs) revealing many regulatory patterns common to all follicular cells. However, in contrast to TFH cells, the upregulation or downregulation of many genes was attenuated substantially in pLN TFR cells when compared to those of PP. Additionally, PP but not pLN TFR cells were largely unresponsive to IL2 and expressed Il4 as well as Il21. Together with fundamental differences in gene expression that were found between cells of both compartments this emphasizes specific adaptations of follicular T cell functions to their micro-milieu. Moreover, although GL7 expression distinguishes matured follicular T cells, GL7+ as well as GL7− cells are present in the GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Halle
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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22
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Barbera Betancourt A, Lyu Q, Broere F, Sijts A, Rutten VPMG, van Eden W. T Cell-Mediated Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Are Candidates for Therapeutic Tolerance Induction with Heat Shock Proteins. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1408. [PMID: 29123529 PMCID: PMC5662553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Failing immunological tolerance for critical self-antigens is the problem underlying most chronic inflammatory diseases of humans. Despite the success of novel immunosuppressive biological drugs, the so-called biologics, in the treatment of diseases such rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and type 1 diabetes, none of these approaches does lead to a permanent state of medicine free disease remission. Therefore, there is a need for therapies that restore physiological mechanisms of self-tolerance. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have shown disease suppressive activities in many models of experimental autoimmune diseases through the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Also in first clinical trials with HSP-based peptides in RA and diabetes, the induction of Tregs was noted. Due to their exceptionally high degree of evolutionary conservation, HSP protein sequences (peptides) are shared between the microbiota-associated bacterial species and the self-HSP in the tissues. Therefore, Treg mechanisms, such as those induced and maintained by gut mucosal tolerance for the microbiota, can play a role by targeting the more conserved HSP peptide sequences in the inflamed tissues. In addition, the stress upregulated presence of HSP in these tissues may well assist the targeting of the HSP induced Treg specifically to the sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Barbera Betancourt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Qingkang Lyu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Femke Broere
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alice Sijts
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Willem van Eden
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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23
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Kawabe T, Jankovic D, Kawabe S, Huang Y, Lee PH, Yamane H, Zhu J, Sher A, Germain RN, Paul WE. Memory-phenotype CD4 + T cells spontaneously generated under steady-state conditions exert innate T H1-like effector function. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:2/12/eaam9304. [PMID: 28783663 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aam9304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Conventional CD4+ T cells are composed of naïve, pathogen-specific memory, and pathogen-independent memory-phenotype (MP) cells under steady state. Naïve and pathogen-specific memory cells play key roles in adaptive immunity, whereas the homeostatic mechanisms regulating the generation of MP cells and their biological functions are unclear. We show that MP cells are autonomously generated from peripheral naïve cells in the absence of infectious stimulation in a T cell receptor (TCR)- and CD28-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that MP cells contain a T-bethi subpopulation that is continuously generated by environmental interleukin-12 (IL-12) and rapidly produces interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in response to IL-12 in the absence of pathogen recognition. These cells can provide nonspecific host resistance against Toxoplasma gondii infection while enhancing the adaptive CD4+ T cell responses. Together, these findings reveal that MP cells are continuously generated from naïve precursors and have a previously undescribed innate immune function by which they produce an early, T helper cell type 1 (TH1)-like protective response against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawabe
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. .,Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuko Kawabe
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ping-Hsien Lee
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hidehiro Yamane
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. .,Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William E Paul
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Boosting BCG-primed responses with a subunit Apa vaccine during the waning phase improves immunity and imparts protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25837. [PMID: 27173443 PMCID: PMC4865829 DOI: 10.1038/srep25837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous prime-boosting has emerged as a powerful vaccination approach against tuberculosis. However, optimal timing to boost BCG-immunity using subunit vaccines remains unclear in clinical trials. Here, we followed the adhesin Apa-specific T-cell responses in BCG-primed mice and investigated its BCG-booster potential. The Apa-specific T-cell response peaked 32-52 weeks after parenteral or mucosal BCG-priming but waned significantly by 78 weeks. A subunit-Apa-boost during the contraction-phase of BCG-response had a greater effect on the magnitude and functional quality of specific cellular and humoral responses compared to a boost at the peak of BCG-response. The cellular response increased following mucosal BCG-prime-Apa-subunit-boost strategy compared to Apa-subunit-prime-BCG-boost approach. However, parenteral BCG-prime-Apa-subunit-boost by a homologous route was the most effective strategy in-terms of enhancing specific T-cell responses during waning in the lung and spleen. Two Apa-boosters markedly improved waning BCG-immunity and significantly reduced Mycobacterium tuberculosis burdens post-challenge. Our results highlight the challenges of optimization of prime-boost regimens in mice where BCG drives persistent immune-activation and suggest that boosting with a heterologous vaccine may be ideal once the specific persisting effector responses are contracted. Our results have important implications for design of prime-boost regimens against tuberculosis in humans.
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25
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Wu G, Wu N, Li T, Lu W, Yu G. Total glucosides of peony ameliorates Sjögren's syndrome by affecting Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1135-1141. [PMID: 26998049 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of total glucosides of peony (TGP) in the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). A total of 40 mice with SS were evenly assigned into four groups, including: Control group; TGP group, receiving 1 mg TGP daily; hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) group, receiving 0.25 mg HCQ daily; and a combined group, receiving 1 mg TGP and 0.25 mg HCQ daily. After 8 weeks, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), Fas and FasL in each group of mice. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-4. IFN-γ, IL-4, Fas and FasL levels were significantly increased in the control group compared with the other three groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of these factors were reduced in the combined group in comparison with the HCQ group (P<0.05). The ratios of IFN-γ to IL-4 were decreased in the TGP and combined groups compared with the control group (P<0.05). The present results indicate that TGP ameliorates SS by affecting the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and decreasing the expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, Fas and FasL. Therefore, TGP may represent a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Wu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Nayuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Function Institute of Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Lu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Guoyou Yu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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26
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Kim HY, Kang HK, Cho J, Jung ID, Yoon GY, Lee MG, Shin SJ, Park WS, Park JH, Ryu SW, Park YM, You JC. Heat shock protein X purified from Mycobacterium tuberculosis enhances the efficacy of dendritic cells-based immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic asthma. BMB Rep 2015; 48:178-83. [PMID: 25560695 PMCID: PMC4453021 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells play an important role in determining whether naïve T cells mature into either Th1 or Th2 cells. We determined whether heat-shock protein X (HspX) purified from Mycobacterium tuberculosis regulates the Th1/Th2 immune response in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of asthma. HspX increased interferon-gamma, IL-17A, -12 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β production and T-bet gene expression but reduced IL-13 production and GATA-3 gene expression. HspX also inhibited asthmatic reactions as demonstrated by an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues, airway luminal narrowing, and airway hyper-responsiveness. Furthermore, HspX enhanced OVA-induced decrease of regulatory T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes. This study provides evidence that HspX plays critical roles in the amelioration of asthmatic inflammation in mice. These findings provide new insights into the immunotherapeutic role of HspX with respect to its effects on a murine model of asthma. BMB Reports 2015; 48(3): 178-183]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan 602-739, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan 602-739, Korea
| | - Joon Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul 380-701, Korea
| | - In Duk Jung
- Department of Immunology, Lab of Dendritic Cell Differentiation & Regulation, KU open innovation center and School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Gun Young Yoon
- Department of Immunology, Lab of Dendritic Cell Differentiation & Regulation, KU open innovation center and School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-711, Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Ryu
- Cell Signaling and Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology, Lab of Dendritic Cell Differentiation & Regulation, KU open innovation center and School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Ji Chang You
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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27
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Cleret-Buhot A, Zhang Y, Planas D, Goulet JP, Monteiro P, Gosselin A, Wacleche VS, Tremblay CL, Jenabian MA, Routy JP, El-Far M, Chomont N, Haddad EK, Sekaly RP, Ancuta P. Identification of novel HIV-1 dependency factors in primary CCR4(+)CCR6(+)Th17 cells via a genome-wide transcriptional approach. Retrovirology 2015; 12:102. [PMID: 26654242 PMCID: PMC4676116 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-015-0226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HIV-1 infection is characterized by profound CD4(+) T cell destruction and a marked Th17 dysfunction at the mucosal level. Viral suppressive antiretroviral therapy restores Th1 but not Th17 cells. Although several key HIV dependency factors (HDF) were identified in the past years via genome-wide siRNA screens in cell lines, molecular determinants of HIV permissiveness in primary Th17 cells remain to be elucidated. RESULTS In an effort to orient Th17-targeted reconstitution strategies, we investigated molecular mechanisms of HIV permissiveness in Th17 cells. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling in memory CD4(+) T-cell subsets enriched in cells exhibiting Th17 (CCR4(+)CCR6(+)), Th1 (CXCR3(+)CCR6(-)), Th2 (CCR4(+)CCR6(-)), and Th1Th17 (CXCR3(+)CCR6(+)) features revealed remarkable transcriptional differences between Th17 and Th1 subsets. The HIV-DNA integration was superior in Th17 versus Th1 upon exposure to both wild-type and VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV; this indicates that post-entry mechanisms contribute to viral replication in Th17. Transcripts significantly enriched in Th17 versus Th1 were previously associated with the regulation of TCR signaling (ZAP-70, Lck, and CD96) and Th17 polarization (RORγt, ARNTL, PTPN13, and RUNX1). A meta-analysis using the NCBI HIV Interaction Database revealed a set of Th17-specific HIV dependency factors (HDFs): PARG, PAK2, KLF2, ITGB7, PTEN, ATG16L1, Alix/AIP1/PDCD6IP, LGALS3, JAK1, TRIM8, MALT1, FOXO3, ARNTL/BMAL1, ABCB1/MDR1, TNFSF13B/BAFF, and CDKN1B. Functional studies demonstrated an increased ability of Th17 versus Th1 cells to respond to TCR triggering in terms of NF-κB nuclear translocation/DNA-binding activity and proliferation. Finally, RNA interference studies identified MAP3K4 and PTPN13 as two novel Th17-specific HDFs. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptional program of Th17 cells includes molecules regulating HIV replication at multiple post-entry steps that may represent potential targets for novel therapies aimed at protecting Th17 cells from infection and subsequent depletion in HIV-infected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Cleret-Buhot
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QUÉBEC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QUÉBEC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Delphine Planas
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QUÉBEC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | | | - Patricia Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QUÉBEC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Annie Gosselin
- CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QUÉBEC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Vanessa Sue Wacleche
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QUÉBEC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Cécile L Tremblay
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QUÉBEC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mohamed El-Far
- CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QUÉBEC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QUÉBEC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Division of infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Petronela Ancuta
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, R09.416, Montreal, QUÉBEC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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28
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Czarnowicki T, Esaki H, Gonzalez J, Malajian D, Shemer A, Noda S, Talasila S, Berry A, Gray J, Becker L, Estrada Y, Xu H, Zheng X, Suárez-Fariñas M, Krueger JG, Paller AS, Guttman-Yassky E. Early pediatric atopic dermatitis shows only a cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)(+) TH2/TH1 cell imbalance, whereas adults acquire CLA(+) TH22/TC22 cell subsets. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:941-951.e3. [PMID: 26242300 PMCID: PMC4946641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying differences and similarities between cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)(+) polarized T-cell subsets in children versus adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) is critical for directing new treatments toward children. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare activation markers and frequencies of skin-homing (CLA(+)) versus systemic (CLA(-)) "polar" CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets in patients with early pediatric AD, adults with AD, and control subjects. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to measure CD69/inducible costimulator/HLA-DR frequency in memory cell subsets, as well as IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-9, IL-17, and IL-22 cytokines, defining TH1/cytotoxic T (TC) 1, TH2/TC2, TH9/TC9, TH17/TC17, and TH22/TC22 populations in CD4 and CD8 cells, respectively. We compared peripheral blood from 19 children less than 5 years old and 42 adults with well-characterized moderate-to-severe AD, as well as age-matched control subjects (17 children and 25 adults). RESULTS Selective inducible costimulator activation (P < .001) was seen in children. CLA(+) TH2 T cells were markedly expanded in both children and adults with AD compared with those in control subjects, but decreases in CLA(+) TH1 T-cell numbers were greater in children with AD (17% vs 7.4%, P = .007). Unlike in adults, no imbalances were detected in CLA(-) T cells from pediatric patients with AD nor were there altered frequencies of TH22 T cells within the CLA(+) or CLA(-) compartments. Adults with AD had increased frequencies of IL-22-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells within the skin-homing population, compared with controls (9.5% vs 4.5% and 8.6% vs 2.4%, respectively; P < .001), as well as increased HLA-DR activation (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that TH2 activation within skin-homing T cells might drive AD in children and that reduced counterregulation by TH1 T cells might contribute to excess TH2 activation. TH22 "spreading" of AD is not seen in young children and might be influenced by immune development, disease chronicity, or recurrent skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Czarnowicki
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Hitokazu Esaki
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Juana Gonzalez
- Translational Technology Core Laboratory, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Dana Malajian
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Avner Shemer
- Department of Dermatology, Tel-Hashomer Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shinji Noda
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Sreya Talasila
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Adam Berry
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jayla Gray
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lauren Becker
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Yeriel Estrada
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Xiuzhong Zheng
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Amy S Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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29
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Czarnowicki T, Gonzalez J, Shemer A, Malajian D, Xu H, Zheng X, Khattri S, Gilleaudeau P, Sullivan-Whalen M, Suárez-Fariñas M, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E. Severe atopic dermatitis is characterized by selective expansion of circulating TH2/TC2 and TH22/TC22, but not TH17/TC17, cells within the skin-homing T-cell population. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:104-115.e7. [PMID: 25748064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past studies of blood T-cell phenotyping in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have provided controversial results and were mostly performed before the identification of TH9, TH17, and TH22 T-cell populations in human subjects. OBJECTIVE We sought to quantify TH1, TH2, TH9, TH17, and TH22 T-cell populations and corresponding CD8(+) T-cell subsets in both cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)-positive and CLA(-) T-cell subsets in patients with AD and control subjects. METHODS We studied 42 adults with severe AD (mean SCORAD score, 65) and 25 healthy subjects using an 11-color flow cytometric antibody panel. Frequencies of IFN-γ-, IL-22-, IL-13-, IL-17-, and IL-9-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were compared in CLA(-) and CLA(+) populations. RESULTS We measured increased TH2/TC2/IL-13(+) and TH22/TC22/IL-22(+) populations (P < .1) in patients with severe AD versus control subjects, with significant differences in CLA(+) T-cell numbers (P < .01). A significantly lower frequency of CLA(+) IFN-γ-producing cells was observed in patients with AD, with no significant differences in CLA(-) T-cell numbers. The CLA(+) TH1/TH2 and TC1/TC2 ratio was highly imbalanced in patients with AD (10 vs 3 [P = .005] and 19 vs 7 [P < .001], respectively). Positive correlations were found between frequencies of IL-13- and IL-22-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (r = 0.5 and 0.8, respectively; P < .0001), and frequencies of IL-13-producing CLA(+) cells were also correlated with IgE levels and SCORAD scores. Patients with AD with skin infections had higher CD4(+) IL-22(+) and IL-17(+) cell frequencies, which were highly significant among CLA(-) cells (IL-22: 3.7 vs 1.7 [P < .001] and IL-17: 1.7 vs 0.6 [P < .001]), with less significant effects among CLA(+) T cells (IL-22: 11 vs 7.5, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Severe AD is accompanied by expansion of skin-homing TH2/TC2 and TH22/TC22 subsets with lower TH1/TC1 frequencies. These data create a critical basis for studying alterations in immune activation in adults and pediatric patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Czarnowicki
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY.
| | - Juana Gonzalez
- Translational Technology Core Laboratory, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Avner Shemer
- Department of Dermatology, Tel-Hashomer Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Malajian
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Hui Xu
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Xiuzhong Zheng
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Saakshi Khattri
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Dermatology Department at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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30
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Wang W, Wang J, Li M, Ying J, Jing H. 5-Azacitidine induces demethylation of PTPL1 and inhibits growth in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:698-704. [PMID: 26133246 PMCID: PMC4533776 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) consists of various lymphoid malignancies with a diverse clinical pathology and biological characteristics. Methylation of cytosine residues by DNA methyltransferases at CpG dinucleotides in the promoter region of the genes is a major epigenetic modification in mammalian genomes that can have profound effects on gene expression. The PTPL1 methylation pattern was screened by methylation‑specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in 7 lymphoma‑derived cell lines and in 47 samples of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The PTPL1 gene was hypermethylated in the CA46, Raji, Jurkat and DB cell lines; however, it was unmethylated in the Hut78, Maver and Z138 cell lines. The expression of PTPL1 mRNA was re‑inducible by 5‑azacytidine (5‑Aza), an agent of DNA demethylation. The methylations were detected in 59.6% of DLBCL versus 6.3% in reactive lymph node proliferation. Therefore, the present data showed that PTPL1 was epigenetically regulated in NHL suggesting an involvement of the PTPL1 tumor‑suppressor genes in NHL, and highlights 5-Aza as a potential therapeutic candidate for NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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Haftmann C, Stittrich AB, Zimmermann J, Fang Z, Hradilkova K, Bardua M, Westendorf K, Heinz GA, Riedel R, Siede J, Lehmann K, Weinberger EE, Zimmel D, Lauer U, Häupl T, Sieper J, Backhaus M, Neumann C, Hoffmann U, Porstner M, Chen W, Grün JR, Baumgrass R, Matz M, Löhning M, Scheffold A, Wittmann J, Chang HD, Rajewsky N, Jäck HM, Radbruch A, Mashreghi MF. miR-148a is upregulated by Twist1 and T-bet and promotes Th1-cell survival by regulating the proapoptotic gene Bim. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1192-205. [PMID: 25486906 PMCID: PMC4406154 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Repeatedly activated T helper 1 (Th1) cells present during chronic inflammation can efficiently adapt to the inflammatory milieu, for example, by expressing the transcription factor Twist1, which limits the immunopathology caused by Th1 cells. Here, we show that in repeatedly activated murine Th1 cells, Twist1 and T-bet induce expression of microRNA-148a (miR-148a). miR-148a regulates expression of the proapoptotic gene Bim, resulting in a decreased Bim/Bcl2 ratio. Inhibition of miR-148a by antagomirs in repeatedly activated Th1 cells increases the expression of Bim, leading to enhanced apoptosis. Knockdown of Bim expression by siRNA in miR-148a antagomir-treated cells restores viability of the Th1 cells, demonstrating that miR-148a controls survival by regulating Bim expression. Thus, Twist1 and T-bet not only control the differentiation and function of Th1 cells, but also their persistence in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Haftmann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz AssociationBerlin, Berlin, Germany
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Antigen affinity and antigen dose exert distinct influences on CD4 T-cell differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14852-7. [PMID: 25267612 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403271111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative T-cell receptor signal strength and ensuing T-cell responses are affected by both antigen affinity and antigen dose. Here we examined the distinct contributions of these parameters to CD4 T-cell differentiation during infection. We found that high antigen affinity positively correlates with T helper (Th)1 differentiation at both high and low doses of antigen. In contrast, follicular helper T cell (TFH) effectors are generated after priming with high, intermediate, and low affinity ligand. Unexpectedly, memory T cells generated after priming with very low affinity antigen remain impaired in their ability to generate secondary Th1 effectors, despite being recalled with high affinity antigen. These data challenge the view that only strongly stimulated CD4 T cells are capable of differentiating into the TFH and memory T-cell compartments and reveal that differential strength of stimulation during primary T-cell activation imprints unique and long lasting T-cell differentiation programs.
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Wesa AK, Mandic M, Taylor JL, Moschos S, Kirkwood JM, Kwok WW, Finke JH, Storkus WJ. Circulating Type-1 Anti-Tumor CD4(+) T Cells are Preferentially Pro-Apoptotic in Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2014; 4:266. [PMID: 25325015 PMCID: PMC4178427 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients frequently exhibit a deficiency in Type-1 (but not Type-2 or regulatory) CD4+ T cell responses against tumor-associated antigens (TAA), which may limit protection against disease progression or responsiveness to immunotherapy in these individuals. Since such deficiency was acutely evident in patients with active disease (AD), where chronic stimulation of anti-tumor CD4+ T cells would be expected and activation-induced cell death may be prevalent, we employed MHC Class II-peptide tetramers to characterize the frequency and apoptotic status of TAA- vs. influenza (FluM1) virus-specific CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood of HLA-DR*0401+ patients with melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. We observed that Flu-specific CD4+ T cells ranged from 0.17 to 3.89%, while up to approximately 1% of CD4+ T cells reacted against individual TAA epitopes derived from the EphA2 or MAGE-6 proteins. The frequencies of EphA2 and MAGE-6-specific CD4+ T cells in patients were significantly correlated with AD and gender of the patient (i.e., females > males), while frequencies of Flu-specific CD4+ T cells were distributed within a normal range in all patients. Notably, patient CD4+ T cells reactive with MHC class II-TAA (but not MHC class II-Flu) tetramers were significantly enriched for a pro-apoptotic (Annexin-V+) phenotype, particularly amongst the Th1 (T-bet+) subset. These results suggest that the preferential sensitivity of TAA (but not viral)-specific CD4+ Th1 cells to apoptosis in melanoma patients with AD will need to be overcome for optimal clinical benefit of immunotherapeutic approaches to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Wesa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Maja Mandic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Stergios Moschos
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - William W Kwok
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason University , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - James Harold Finke
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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Molteni CG, Principi N, Esposito S. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during viral infections. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1163-9. [PMID: 25039433 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.945443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen and nitrogen radicals are frequently produced during viral infections. These radicals are not only a physiological mechanism for pathogen clearance but also result in many pathological consequences. Low concentrations of radicals can promote viral replication; however, high concentrations of radicals can also inhibit viral replication and are detrimental to the cell due to their mitogenic activity. We reviewed the detailed mechanisms behind oxygen and nitrogen radical production and focused on how viruses induce radical production. In addition, we examined the effects of oxygen and nitrogen radicals on both the virus and host. We also reviewed enzymatic and chemical detoxification mechanisms and recent advances in therapeutic antioxidant applications. Many molecules that modulate the redox balance have yielded promising results in cell and animal models of infection. This encourages their use in clinical practice either alone or with existing therapies. However, since the redox balance also plays an important role in host defence against pathogens, carefully designed clinical trials are needed to assess the therapeutic benefits and secondary effects of these molecules and whether these effects differ between different types of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Molteni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
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Genetic deletion of Mst1 alters T cell function and protects against autoimmunity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98151. [PMID: 24852423 PMCID: PMC4031148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1) is a MAPK kinase kinase kinase which is involved in a wide range of cellular responses, including apoptosis, lymphocyte adhesion and trafficking. The contribution of Mst1 to Ag-specific immune responses and autoimmunity has not been well defined. In this study, we provide evidence for the essential role of Mst1 in T cell differentiation and autoimmunity, using both genetic and pharmacologic approaches. Absence of Mst1 in mice reduced T cell proliferation and IL-2 production in vitro, blocked cell cycle progression, and elevated activation-induced cell death in Th1 cells. Mst1 deficiency led to a CD4+ T cell development path that was biased toward Th2 and immunoregulatory cytokine production with suppressed Th1 responses. In addition, Mst1−/− B cells showed decreased stimulation to B cell mitogens in vitro and deficient Ag-specific Ig production in vivo. Consistent with altered lymphocyte function, deletion of Mst1 reduced the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and protected against collagen-induced arthritis development. Mst1−/− CD4+ T cells displayed an intrinsic defect in their ability to respond to encephalitogenic antigens and deletion of Mst1 in the CD4+ T cell compartment was sufficient to alleviate CNS inflammation during EAE. These findings have prompted the discovery of novel compounds that are potent inhibitors of Mst1 and exhibit desirable pharmacokinetic properties. In conclusion, this report implicates Mst1 as a critical regulator of adaptive immune responses, Th1/Th2-dependent cytokine production, and as a potential therapeutic target for immune disorders.
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Bernier A, Cleret-Buhot A, Zhang Y, Goulet JP, Monteiro P, Gosselin A, DaFonseca S, Wacleche VS, Jenabian MA, Routy JP, Tremblay C, Ancuta P. Transcriptional profiling reveals molecular signatures associated with HIV permissiveness in Th1Th17 cells and identifies peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as an intrinsic negative regulator of viral replication. Retrovirology 2013; 10:160. [PMID: 24359430 PMCID: PMC3898812 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that primary Th1Th17 cells are highly permissive to HIV-1, whereas Th1 cells are relatively resistant. Molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain unknown. RESULTS Exposure to replication competent and single-round VSV-G pseudotyped HIV strains provide evidence that superior HIV replication in Th1Th17 vs. Th1 cells was regulated by mechanisms located at entry and post-entry levels. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling identified transcripts upregulated (n = 264) and downregulated (n = 235) in Th1Th17 vs. Th1 cells (p-value < 0.05; fold change cut-off 1.3). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed pathways enriched in Th1Th17 (nuclear receptors, trafficking, p38/MAPK, NF-κB, p53/Ras, IL-23) vs. Th1 cells (proteasome, interferon α/β). Differentially expressed genes were classified into biological categories using Gene Ontology. Th1Th17 cells expressed typical Th17 markers (IL-17A/F, IL-22, CCL20, RORC, IL-26, IL-23R, CCR6) and transcripts functionally linked to regulating cell trafficking (CEACAM1, MCAM), activation (CD28, CD40LG, TNFSF13B, TNFSF25, PTPN13, MAP3K4, LTB, CTSH), transcription (PPARγ, RUNX1, ATF5, ARNTL), apoptosis (FASLG), and HIV infection (CXCR6, FURIN). Differential expression of CXCR6, PPARγ, ARNTL, PTPN13, MAP3K4, CTSH, SERPINB6, PTK2, and ISG20 was validated by RT-PCR, flow cytometry and/or confocal microscopy. The nuclear receptor PPARγ was preferentially expressed by Th1Th17 cells. PPARγ RNA interference significantly increased HIV replication at levels post-entry and prior HIV-DNA integration. Finally, the activation of PPARγ pathway via the agonist Rosiglitazone induced the nuclear translocation of PPARγ and a robust inhibition of viral replication. CONCLUSIONS Thus, transcriptional profiling in Th1Th17 vs. Th1 cells demonstrated that HIV permissiveness is associated with a superior state of cellular activation and limited antiviral properties and identified PPARγ as an intrinsic negative regulator of viral replication. Therefore, triggering PPARγ pathway via non-toxic agonists may contribute to limiting covert HIV replication and disease progression during antiretroviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bernier
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, room R09.416, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Aurélie Cleret-Buhot
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, room R09.416, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, room R09.416, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Goulet
- Faculty of Medicine, CARTaGENE, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricia Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, room R09.416, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Annie Gosselin
- CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, room R09.416, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sandrina DaFonseca
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, room R09.416, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Vanessa Sue Wacleche
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, room R09.416, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, room R09.416, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- CHUM-Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, room R09.416, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
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Pereira-Manfro WF, Ribeiro-Gomes FL, Filardy AA, Vellozo NS, Guillermo LVC, Silva EM, Siegel RM, Dosreis GA, Lopes MF. Inhibition of caspase-8 activity promotes protective Th1- and Th2-mediated immunity to Leishmania major infection. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:347-55. [PMID: 24072877 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0912463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated how apoptosis pathways mediated by death receptors and caspase-8 affect cytokine responses and immunity to Leishmania major parasites. Splenic CD4 T cells undergo activation-induced apoptosis, and blockade of FasL-Fas interaction increased IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokine responses to L. major antigens. To block death receptor-induced death, we used mice expressing a T cell-restricted transgene for vFLIP. Inhibition of caspase-8 activation in vFLIP mice enhanced Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses to L. major infection, even in the Th1-prone B6 background. We also observed increased NO production by splenocytes from vFLIP mice upon T cell activation. Despite an exacerbated Th2 response, vFLIP mice controlled better L. major infection, with reduced lesions and lower parasite loads compared with WT mice. Moreover, injection of anti-IL-4 mAb in infected vFLIP mice disrupted control of parasite infection. Therefore, blockade of caspase-8 activity in T cells improves immunity to L. major infection by promoting increased Th1 and Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wânia F Pereira-Manfro
- 5.Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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Magombedze G, Reddy PBJ, Eda S, Ganusov VV. Cellular and population plasticity of helper CD4(+) T cell responses. Front Physiol 2013; 4:206. [PMID: 23966946 PMCID: PMC3744810 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates are constantly exposed to pathogens, and the adaptive immunity has most likely evolved to control and clear such infectious agents. CD4+ T cells are the major players in the adaptive immune response to pathogens. Following recognition of pathogen-derived antigens naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into effectors which then control pathogen replication either directly by killing pathogen-infected cells or by assisting with generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or pathogen-specific antibodies. Pathogen-specific effector CD4+ T cells are highly heterogeneous in terms of cytokines they produce. Three major subtypes of effector CD4+ T cells have been identified: T-helper 1 (Th1) cells producing IFN-γ and TNF-α, Th2 cells producing IL-4 and IL-10, and Th17 cells producing IL-17. How this heterogeneity is maintained and what regulates changes in effector T cell composition during chronic infections remains poorly understood. In this review we discuss recent advances in our understanding of CD4+ T cell differentiation in response to microbial infections. We propose that a change in the phenotype of pathogen-specific effector CD4+ T cells during chronic infections, for example, from Th1 to Th2 response as observed in Mycobactrium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection of ruminants, can be achieved by conversion of T cells from one effector subset to another (cellular plasticity) or due to differences in kinetics (differentiation, proliferation, death) of different effector T cell subsets (population plasticity). We also shortly review mathematical models aimed at describing CD4+ T cell differentiation and outline areas for future experimental and theoretical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesham Magombedze
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, USA
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Soares AP, Kwong Chung CKC, Choice T, Hughes EJ, Jacobs G, van Rensburg EJ, Khomba G, de Kock M, Lerumo L, Makhethe L, Maneli MH, Pienaar B, Smit E, Tena-Coki NG, van Wyk L, Boom WH, Kaplan G, Scriba TJ, Hanekom WA. Longitudinal changes in CD4(+) T-cell memory responses induced by BCG vaccination of newborns. J Infect Dis 2013; 207:1084-94. [PMID: 23293360 PMCID: PMC3583271 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved vaccination strategies against tuberculosis are needed, such as approaches to boost immunity induced by the current vaccine, BCG. Design of these strategies has been hampered by a lack of knowledge of the kinetics of the human host response induced by neonatal BCG vaccination. Furthermore, the functional and phenotypic attributes of BCG-induced long-lived memory T-cell responses remain unclear. METHODS We assessed the longitudinal CD4 T-cell response following BCG vaccination of human newborns. The kinetics, function, and phenotype of these cells were measured using flow cytometric whole-blood assays. RESULTS We showed that the BCG-specific CD4 T-cell response peaked 6-10 weeks after vaccination and gradually waned over the first year of life. Highly activated T-helper 1 cells, predominantly expressing interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and/or interleukin 2, were present at the peak response. Following contraction, BCG-specific CD4 T cells expressed high levels of Bcl-2 and displayed a predominant CD45RACCR7 central memory phenotype. However, cytokine and cytotoxic marker expression by these cells was more characteristic of effector memory cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that boosting of BCG-primed CD4 T cells with heterologous tuberculosis vaccines may be best after 14 weeks of age, once an established memory response has developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia P Soares
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Tan IDA, Ricciardelli C, Russell DL. The metalloproteinase ADAMTS1: a comprehensive review of its role in tumorigenic and metastatic pathways. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2263-76. [PMID: 23444028 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As it was first characterized in 1997, the ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin motifs) metalloprotease family has been associated with many physiological and pathological conditions. Of the 19 proteases belonging to this family, considerable attention has been devoted to the role of its first member ADAMTS1 in cancer. Elevated ADAMTS1 promotes pro-tumorigenic changes such as increased tumor cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and altered vascularization. Importantly, it facilitates significant peritumoral remodeling of the extracellular matrix environment to promote tumor progression and metastasis. However, discrepancy exists, as several studies also depict ADAMTS1 as a tumor suppressor. This article reviews the current understanding of ADAMTS1 regulation and the consequence of its dysregulation in primary cancer and ADAMTS1-mediated pathways of cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izza de Arao Tan
- Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Univeristy of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Robert V, Triffaux E, Savignac M, Pelletier L. Singularities of calcium signaling in effector T-lymphocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:1595-602. [PMID: 23266355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) helper T (Th) lymphocytes orchestrate the immune response and include several types of effectors such as Th1, Th17 and Th2 cells. They fight against intracellular, extracellular pathogens and parasites respectively. They may also cause distinct immunopathological disorders. Th1 and Th17 are implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases while Th2 cells can initiate allergic diseases. These subsets differ by their TCR-associated signaling. In addition, the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration is not the same in Th1, Th2 and 17 cells. Our group showed that Th2 cells selectively overexpressed voltage-activated calcium (Cav1)-related channels. An increasing number of groups report the presence of Cav1-related products in T-lymphocyte subsets. This is a matter of debate since these calcium channels are classically defined as activated by high cell membrane depolarization in excitable cells. However, the use of mice with ablation of some Cav1 subunits shows undoubtedly an immune phenotype raising the question of how Cav1 channels are regulated in lymphocytes. We showed that knocking down Cav1.2 and/or Cav1.3 subunits impairs the functions of Th2 lymphocytes and is beneficial in experimental models of asthma, while it has no effect on Th1 cell functions. Beyond the role of Cav1 channels in T-lymphocytes, the identification of key components selectively implicated in one or the other T cell subset paves the way for the design of new selective therapeutic targets in the treatment of immune disorders while preserving the other T-cell subsets. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Jacobo PV, Fass M, Pérez CV, Jarazo-Dietrich S, Lustig L, Theas MS. Involvement of soluble Fas Ligand in germ cell apoptosis in testis of rats undergoing autoimmune orchitis. Cytokine 2012; 60:385-92. [PMID: 22892327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is a model of chronic inflammation and infertility useful for studying immune and germ cell (GC) interactions. EAO is characterized by severe damage of seminiferous tubules (STs) with GCs that undergo apoptosis and sloughing. Based on previous results showing that Fas-Fas Ligand (L) system is one of the main mediators of apoptosis in EAO, in the present work we studied the involvement of Fas and the soluble form of FasL (sFasL) in GC death induction. EAO was induced in rats by immunization with testis homogenate and adjuvants; control (C) rats were injected with adjuvants; a group of non-immunized normal (N) rats was also studied. Activation of Fas employing an anti-Fas antibody decreased viability (trypan blue exclusion test) and induced apoptosis (TUNEL) of GCs from STs of N and EAO rats, an effect more pronounced on GCs from EAO STs. By Western blot we detected an increase in sFasL content in the testicular fluid of rats with severe EAO compared to N and C rats. By intratesticular injection of FasL conjugated to Strep-Tag molecule (FasL-Strep, BioTAGnology) and its immunofluorescent localization, we demonstrated that sFasL is able to enter the adluminal compartment of the STs. Moreover, FasL-Strep induced GC apoptosis in testicular fragments of N rats. By flow cytometry, we detected an increase in the number of membrane FasL-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in testis during EAO development but no expression of FasL by macrophages. Our results demonstrate that sFasL is locally produced in the chronically inflamed testis and that this molecule is able to enter the adluminal compartment of STs and induce apoptosis of Fas-bearing GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Verónica Jacobo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kamath AT, Mastelic B, Christensen D, Rochat AF, Agger EM, Pinschewer DD, Andersen P, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. Synchronization of dendritic cell activation and antigen exposure is required for the induction of Th1/Th17 responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4828-37. [PMID: 22504654 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The dendritic cell (DC) targeting/activation patterns required to elicit Th1/Th17 responses remain undefined. One postulated requirement was that of a physical linkage between Ags and immunomodulators. Accordingly, the separate same-site administration of Ag85B-ESAT-6 (hybrid-1 protein; H1), a mycobacterial fusion Ag, and the CAF01 liposome-based adjuvant induced similar Ab and weak Th2 responses as those of coformulated H1/CAF01 but failed to elicit Th1/Th17 responses. Yet, this separate same-site injection generated the same type and number of activated Ag(+)/adjuvant(+) DCs in the draining lymph nodes (LN) as that of protective H1/CAF01 immunization. Thus, targeting/activating the same DC population by Ag and adjuvant is not sufficient to elicit Th1/Th17 responses. To identify the determinants of Th1/Th17 adjuvanticity, in vivo tracking experiments using fluorescently labeled Ag and adjuvant identified that a separate same-site administration elicits an additional early Ag(+)/adjuvant(-) DC population with a nonactivated phenotype, resulting from the earlier targeting of LN DCs by H1 than by CAF01 molecules. This asynchronous targeting pattern was mimicked by the injection of free H1 prior to or with, but not after, H1/CAF01 or H1/CpG/ aluminum hydroxide immunization. The injection of soluble OVA similarly prevented the induction of Th1 responses by OVA/CAF01. Using adoptively transferred OT-2 cells, we show that the Ag targeting of LN DCs prior to their activation generates nonactivated Ag-pulsed DCs that recruit Ag-specific T cells, trigger their initial proliferation, but interfere with Th1 induction in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the synchronization of DC targeting and activation is a critical determinant for Th1/Th17 adjuvanticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun T Kamath
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty of the University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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44
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Naderi N, Moazzeni SM, Pourfathollah AA, Alimoghaddam K. High expression of Fas ligand on cord blood dendritic cells: a possible immunoregulatory mechanism after cord blood transplantation. Transplant Proc 2012; 43:3913-9. [PMID: 22172872 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic cord blood transplantation is associated with less severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Dendritic cells (DCs), as the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, play a central role in the development of GVHD. Because apoptosis induction is one of the known mechanisms that DCs use to regulate T-cell responses, we studied the immunostimulatory and apoptosis induction capacities of cord blood dendritic cells (CBDCs) and peripheral blood dendritic cells (PBDCs) to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the lower incidence of GVHD after cord blood transplantation. Presence of apoptosis-related markers Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), and CD40 and costimulatory molecules, along with the proportion of myeloid and lymphoid DCs subsets, were also measured on CBDCs and PBDCs. METHODS Fresh CBDCs and PBDCs were isolated from cord and peripheral mononuclear cells as lineage-negative cells by using monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD56, CD34, and CD66b. DCs were cocultured with allogeneic T cells, and the effect of CBDCs and PBDCs on T-cell apoptosis and proliferation were determined through flow cytometric analysis and 3H-thymidine incorporation. RESULTS Our findings showed that CBDCs markedly augment apoptosis of CD3+ T-cells. FasL expression on CBDCs was significantly higher than on PBDCs. However, there was no difference between Fas expression on CBDCs and PBDCs. Moreover, CBDCs were poor stimulators of allogenic T cells in mixed leukocyte reaction compared with adult peripheral blood DCs. They also displayed decreased expression of HLA-DR and CD86 molecules. The ratio of lymphoid DCs (CD11c-, CD123+) to myeloid DCs (CD11c+, CD123-) was also significantly higher in CBDCs compared with PBDCs. CONCLUSIONS It seems that less severe GVHD after cord blood transplantation is due not only to a higher degree of immaturity of CBDCs, but also to delivery of apoptotic signals to the host T cells that recognize allo-MHC molecules on CBDCs in the early phase of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Naderi
- Immunology Department, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Hormozgan, Iran
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45
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Baaten BJG, Tinoco R, Chen AT, Bradley LM. Regulation of Antigen-Experienced T Cells: Lessons from the Quintessential Memory Marker CD44. Front Immunol 2012; 3:23. [PMID: 22566907 PMCID: PMC3342067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of the cell-surface receptor CD44 as a marker for antigen (Ag)-experienced, effector and memory T cells, surprisingly little is known regarding its function on these cells. The best-established function of CD44 is the regulation of cell adhesion and migration. As such, the interactions of CD44, primarily with its major ligand, the extracellular matrix (ECM) component hyaluronic acid (HA), can be crucial for the recruitment and function of effector and memory T cells into/within inflamed tissues. However, little is known about the signaling events following engagement of CD44 on T cells and how cooperative interactions of CD44 with other surface receptors affect T cell responses. Recent evidence suggests that the CD44 signaling pathway(s) may be shared with those of other adhesion receptors, and that these provide contextual signals at different anatomical sites to ensure the correct T cell effector responses. Furthermore, CD44 ligation may augment T cell activation after Ag encounter and promote T cell survival, as well as contribute to regulation of the contraction phase of an immune response and the maintenance of tolerance. Once the memory phase is established, CD44 may have a role in ensuring the functional fitness of memory T cells. Thus, the summation of potential signals after CD44 ligation on T cells highlights that migration and adhesion to the ECM can critically impact the development and homeostasis of memory T cells, and may differentially affect subsets of T cells. These aspects of CD44 biology on T cells and how they might be modulated for translational purposes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas J G Baaten
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
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46
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Klinker MW, Lundy SK. Multiple mechanisms of immune suppression by B lymphocytes. Mol Med 2012; 18:123-37. [PMID: 22033729 PMCID: PMC3276396 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of the immune system after the resolution of infection or inflammation is an important process that limits immune-mediated pathogenesis and autoimmunity. Several mechanisms of immune suppression have received a great deal of attention in the past three decades. These include mechanisms related to suppressive cytokines, interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, produced by regulatory cells, and mechanisms related to apoptosis mediated by death ligands, Fas ligand (FasL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), expressed by killer or cytotoxic cells. Despite many lines of evidence supporting an important role for B lymphocytes as both regulatory and killer cells in many inflammatory settings, relatively little attention has been given to understanding the biology of these cells, their relative importance or their usefulness as therapeutic targets. This review is intended to give an overview of the major mechanisms of immunosuppression used by B lymphocytes during both normal and inflammatory contexts. The more recent discoveries of expression of granzyme B, programmed death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) and regulatory antibody production by B cells as well as the interactions of regulatory and killer B cells with regulatory T cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells and other cell populations are discussed. In addition, new evidence on the basis of independent characterizations of regulatory and killer CD5(+) B cells point toward the concept of a multipotent suppressor B cell with seemingly high therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Klinker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Steven K Lundy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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47
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Kovacs JR, Li C, Yang Q, Li G, Garcia IG, Ju S, Roodman DG, Windle JJ, Zhang X, Lu B. Autophagy promotes T-cell survival through degradation of proteins of the cell death machinery. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:144-52. [PMID: 21660048 PMCID: PMC3252822 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is implicated in regulating cell death in activated T cells, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that inhibition of autophagy via Beclin 1 gene deletion in T cells leads to rampant apoptosis in these cells upon TCR stimulation. Beclin 1-deficient mice fail to mount autoreactive T-cell responses and are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Compared with Th17 cells, Th1 cells are much more susceptible to cell death upon Beclin 1 deletion. Cell death proteins are highly increased in Beclin 1-deficient T cells and inhibition of caspases and genetic deletion of Bim reverse apoptosis. In addition, p62/sequestosome 1 binds to caspase-8 but does not control levels of procaspase-8 or other cell death-related proteins. These results establish a direct role of autophagy in inhibiting the programmed cell death through degradation of apoptosis proteins in activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Kovacs
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Q Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Shenzhen – Hong Kong Institute of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - I G Garcia
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Ju
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - D G Roodman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - B Lu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Tian L, Altin JA, Makaroff LE, Franckaert D, Cook MC, Goodnow CC, Dooley J, Liston A. Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells exert asymmetric control over murine helper responses by inducing Th2 cell apoptosis. Blood 2011; 118:1845-53. [PMID: 21715314 PMCID: PMC3158716 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-04-346056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells play a pivotal role in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. In the absence of regulatory T cells, generalized immune activation and multiorgan T cell-driven pathology occurs. Although the phenomenon of immunologic control by Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells is well recognized, the comparative effect over different arms of the immune system has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we generated a cohort of mice with a continuum of regulatory T-cell frequencies ranging from physiologic levels to complete deficiency. This titration of regulatory T-cell depletion was used to determine how different effector subsets are controlled. We found that in vivo Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell frequency had a proportionate relationship with generalized T-cell activation and Th1 magnitude, but it had a surprising disproportionate relationship with Th2 magnitude. The asymmetric regulation was associated with efficient suppression of Th2 cells through additional regulations on the apoptosis rate in Th2 cells and not Th1 cells and could be replicated by CTLA4-Ig or anti-IL-2 Ab. These results indicate that the Th2 arm of the immune system is under tighter control by regulatory T cells than the Th1 arm, suggesting that Th2-driven diseases may be more responsive to regulatory T-cell manipulation.
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49
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Selective elimination of pathogenic synovial fluid T-cells from Rheumatoid Arthritis and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis by targeted activation of Fas-apoptotic signaling. Immunol Lett 2011; 138:161-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Barthelmann J, Nietsch J, Blessenohl M, Laskay T, van Zandbergen G, Westermann J, Kalies K. The protective Th1 response in mice is induced in the T-cell zone only three weeks after infection with Leishmania major and not during early T-cell activation. Med Microbiol Immunol 2011; 201:25-35. [PMID: 21547563 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-011-0201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Leishmania spp. causes clinical pictures ranging in severity from spontaneously healing skin ulcers to systemic disease. The immune response associated with healing involves the differentiation of IFNγ-producing Th1 cells, whereas the non-healing phenotype is associated with IL4-producing Th2 cells. The widespread assumption has been that the T-cell differentiation that leads to a healing or non-healing phenotype is established at the time of T-cell activation early after infection. By selectively analyzing the expression of cytokine genes in the T-cell zones of lymph nodes of resistant (Th1) C57BL/6 mice and susceptible (Th2) BALB/c mice during an infection with Leishmania major in vivo, we show that the early T-cell response does not differ between C57BL/6 mice and BALB/c mice. Instead, Th1/Th2 polarization appears suddenly 3 weeks after infection. At the same time point, the number of parasites increases in lymph nodes of both mouse strains, but about 100-fold more in susceptible BALB/c mice. We conclude that the protective Th1 response in C57BL/6 mice is facilitated by the capacity of their innate effector cells to keep parasite numbers at low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Barthelmann
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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