1
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Zhao X, Li X, Miao Z. Identification and validation of regulatory T cell-associated gene signatures to predict colon adenocarcinoma prognosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112034. [PMID: 38588631 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a common cause of cancer-related death. Due to the difficulty in early diagnosis and drug resistance, conventional treatments are difficult to be effective. Some studies have found that the functional recovery of T cells in the tumor microenvironment, especially regulatory T cells (Tregs), plays an important role in the progression of cancer. This study used the TCGA data set, clinical information and RNA-seq data of COAD patients to construct a Tregs-related risk score (TRS) through methods such as WGCNA, single-factor Cox, multi-factor Cox and random survival forest (RSF). Moreover, we also used the TCGA test set and internal validation set to verify the predictive ability of TRS, and used functional enrichment analysis and somatic mutation analysis to mine genes related to TRS, such as like thrombin/trypsin receptor 2 (F2RL2), inhibin subunit beta B (INHBB) and melanoma antigen family A12 (MAGEA12). Moreover, this study confirmed the expression of these prognostic genes using scRNA-seq data. We also performed qPCR analysis of various genes in normal and cancerous colon cancer cell lines to verify that these genes indeed play a role in CODA patients. We also constructed a mouse CODA model to study and evaluate the impact of key genes such as MAGEA12 on tumor growth in mice. This study explores the important role of Treg cells in the prognosis of COAD and discovers some potential biomarkers for the occurrence and development of COAD, which provides some new ideas for the treatment of COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Department of Nutritional, Tianjin Beichen Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhi Miao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China.
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2
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Mackeh R, El Bsat Y, Elmi A, Bibawi H, Karim MY, Hassan A, Lo B. Novel Synonymous Variant in IL7R Causes Preferential Expression of the Soluble Isoform. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:96. [PMID: 38587703 PMCID: PMC11001715 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) is primarily expressed on lymphoid cells and plays a crucial role in the development, proliferation, and survival of T cells. Autosomal recessive mutations that disrupt IL-7Rα chain expression give rise to a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), which is characterized by lymphopenia and a T-B+NK+ phenotype. The objective here was to diagnose two siblings displaying the T-B+NK+ SCID phenotype as initial clinical genetic testing did not detect any variants in known SCID genes. METHODS Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was utilized to identify potential variants causing the SCID phenotype. Splicing prediction tools were employed to assess the deleterious impact of the mutation. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing, flow cytometry, and ELISA were then used to validate the pathogenicity of the detected mutation. RESULTS We discovered a novel homozygous synonymous mutation in the IL7R gene. Our functional studies indicate that this variant is pathogenic, causing exon 6, which encodes the transmembrane domain, to be preferentially spliced out. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified a novel rare synonymous mutation causing a loss of IL-7Rα expression at the cellular membrane. This case demonstrates the value of reanalyzing genetic data based on the clinical phenotype and highlights the significance of functional studies in determining the pathogenicity of genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asha Elmi
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hani Bibawi
- Division of Hematopathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Yousuf Karim
- Division of Hematopathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amel Hassan
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Department, Sidra Medicine, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Bernice Lo
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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3
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Feng H, Zhao Z, Zhao X, Bai X, Fu W, Zheng L, Kang B, Wang X, Zhang Z, Dong C. A novel memory-like Tfh cell subset is precursor to effector Tfh cells in recall immune responses. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221927. [PMID: 38047912 PMCID: PMC10695277 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, essential for germinal center reactions, are not identical, with different phenotypes reported. Whether, when, and how they generate memory cells is still poorly understood. Here, through single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of CXCR5+Bcl6+ Tfh cells generated under different conditions, we discovered, in addition to PD-1hi effector Tfh cells, a CD62L+PD1low subpopulation. CD62L-expressing Tfh cells developed independently from PD-1+ cells and not in direct contact with B cells. More importantly, CD62L+ Tfh cells expressed memory- and stemness-associated genes, and with better superior long-term survival, they readily generated PD-1hi cells in the recall response. Finally, KLF2 and IL7R, also highly expressed by CD62L+ Tfh cells, were required to regulate their development. Our work thus demonstrates a novel Tfh memory-like cell subpopulation, which may benefit our understanding of immune responses and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Feng
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liangtao Zheng
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Boxi Kang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zemin Zhang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Wu C, Jiang ML, Pang T, Zhang CJ. T Cell Subsets and Immune Homeostasis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2782:39-63. [PMID: 38622391 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3754-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
T cells are a heterogeneous group of cells that can be classified into different subtypes according to different classification methods. The body's immune system has a highly complex and effective regulatory network that allows for the relative stability of immune system function. Maintaining proper T cell homeostasis is essential for promoting protective immunity and limiting autoimmunity and tumor formation. Among the T cell family members, more and more T cell subsets have gradually been characterized. In this chapter, we summarize the functions of some key T cell subsets and their impact on immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei-Ling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cun-Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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5
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Chen K, Gu X, Yang S, Tao R, Fan M, Bao W, Wang X. Research progress on intestinal tissue-resident memory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13332. [PMID: 38441381 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are a recently discovered subpopulation of memory T cells that reside in non-lymphoid tissues such as the intestine and skin and do not enter the bloodstream. The intestine encounters numerous pathogens daily. Intestinal mucosal immunity requires a balance between immune responses to pathogens and tolerance to food antigens and symbiotic microbiota. Therefore, intestinal TRM cells exhibit unique characteristics. In healthy intestines, TRM cells induce necessary inflammation to strengthen the intestinal barrier and inhibit bacterial translocation. During intestinal infections, TRM cells rapidly eliminate pathogens by proliferating, releasing cytokines, and recruiting other immune cells. Moreover, certain TRM cell subsets may have regulatory functions. The involvement of TRM cells in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasingly recognized as a critical factor. In IBD, the number of pro-inflammatory TRM cells increases, whereas the number of regulatory subgroups decreases. Additionally, the classic markers, CD69 and CD103, are not ideal for intestinal TRM cells. Here, we review the phenotype, development, maintenance, and function of intestinal TRM cells, as well as the latest findings in the context of IBD. Further understanding of the function of intestinal TRM cells and distinguishing their subgroups is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to target these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Rui Tao
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Wuxi Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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6
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Mosquera JV, Auguste G, Wong D, Turner AW, Hodonsky CJ, Alvarez-Yela AC, Song Y, Cheng Q, Lino Cardenas CL, Theofilatos K, Bos M, Kavousi M, Peyser PA, Mayr M, Kovacic JC, Björkegren JLM, Malhotra R, Stukenberg PT, Finn AV, van der Laan SW, Zang C, Sheffield NC, Miller CL. Integrative single-cell meta-analysis reveals disease-relevant vascular cell states and markers in human atherosclerosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113380. [PMID: 37950869 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by atherosclerotic plaque formation in the arterial wall. CAD progression involves complex interactions and phenotypic plasticity among vascular and immune cell lineages. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) studies have highlighted lineage-specific transcriptomic signatures, but human cell phenotypes remain controversial. Here, we perform an integrated meta-analysis of 22 scRNA-seq libraries to generate a comprehensive map of human atherosclerosis with 118,578 cells. Besides characterizing granular cell-type diversity and communication, we leverage this atlas to provide insights into smooth muscle cell (SMC) modulation. We integrate genome-wide association study data and uncover a critical role for modulated SMC phenotypes in CAD, myocardial infarction, and coronary calcification. Finally, we identify fibromyocyte/fibrochondrogenic SMC markers (LTBP1 and CRTAC1) as proxies of atherosclerosis progression and validate these through omics and spatial imaging analyses. Altogether, we create a unified atlas of human atherosclerosis informing cell state-specific mechanistic and translational studies of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Verdezoto Mosquera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gaëlle Auguste
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Doris Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam W Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Yipei Song
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Qi Cheng
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Maxime Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - P Todd Stukenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nathan C Sheffield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Clint L Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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7
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Jones MC, Castonguay C, Nanaware PP, Weaver GC, Stadinski B, Kugler-Umana OA, Huseby ES, Stern LJ, McKinstry KK, Strutt TM, Devarajan P, Swain SL. CD4 Effector TCR Avidity for Peptide on APC Determines the Level of Memory Generated. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1950-1961. [PMID: 37093656 PMCID: PMC10247507 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Initial TCR affinity for peptide Ag is known to impact the generation of memory; however, its contributions later, when effectors must again recognize Ag at 5-8 d postinfection to become memory, is unclear. We examined whether the effector TCR affinity for peptide at this "effector checkpoint" dictates the extent of memory and degree of protection against rechallenge. We made an influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP)-specific TCR transgenic mouse strain, FluNP, and generated NP-peptide variants that are presented by MHC class II to bind to the FluNP TCR over a broad range of avidity. To evaluate the impact of avidity in vivo, we primed naive donor FluNP in influenza A virus-infected host mice, purified donor effectors at the checkpoint, and cotransferred them with the range of peptides pulsed on activated APCs into second uninfected hosts. Higher-avidity peptides yielded higher numbers of FluNP memory cells in spleen and most dramatically in lung and draining lymph nodes and induced better protection against lethal influenza infection. Avidity determined memory cell number, not cytokine profile, and already impacted donor cell number within several days of transfer. We previously found that autocrine IL-2 production at the checkpoint prevents default effector apoptosis and supports memory formation. Here, we find that peptide avidity determines the level of IL-2 produced by these effectors and that IL-2Rα expression by the APCs enhances memory formation, suggesting that transpresentation of IL-2 by APCs further amplifies IL-2 availability. Secondary memory generation was also avidity dependent. We propose that this regulatory pathway selects CD4 effectors of highest affinity to progress to memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Catherine Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Padma P. Nanaware
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Grant C. Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Brian Stadinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Olivia A. Kugler-Umana
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Eric S. Huseby
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Stern
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Karl Kai McKinstry
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL. 32827,USA
| | - Tara M. Strutt
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL. 32827,USA
| | - Priyadharshini Devarajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Susan L. Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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8
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Shanmuganad S, Ferguson A, Paranjpe A, Cianciolo EE, Katz JD, Herold MJ, Hildeman DA. Subset-specific and temporal control of effector and memory CD4+ T cell survival. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.530323. [PMID: 36909576 PMCID: PMC10002744 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Following their proliferative expansion and differentiation into effector cells like Th1, Tfh, and T central memory precursors (Tcmp), most effector CD4+ T cells die, while some survive and become memory cells. Here, we explored how Bcl-2 family members controlled the survival of CD4+ T cells during distinct phases of mouse acute LCMV infection. During expansion, we found that Th1 cells dominated the response, downregulated expression of Bcl-2, and did not require Bcl-2 for survival. Instead, they relied on the anti-apoptotic protein, A1 for survival. Similarly, Th17 cells in an EAE model also depended on A1 for survival. However, after the peak of the response, CD4+ effector T cells required Bcl-2 to counteract Bim to aid their transition into memory. This Bcl-2 dependence persisted in established memory CD4+ T cells. Combined, these data show a temporal switch in Bcl-2 family-mediated survival of CD4+ T cells over the course of an immune response. This knowledge can help improve T cell survival to boost immunity and conversely, target pathogenic T cells.
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9
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Wang C, Kong L, Kim S, Lee S, Oh S, Jo S, Jang I, Kim TD. The Role of IL-7 and IL-7R in Cancer Pathophysiology and Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810412. [PMID: 36142322 PMCID: PMC9499417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a multipotent cytokine that maintains the homeostasis of the immune system. IL-7 plays a vital role in T-cell development, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as in B cell maturation through the activation of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). IL-7 is closely associated with tumor development and has been used in cancer clinical research and therapy. In this review, we first summarize the roles of IL-7 and IL-7Rα and their downstream signaling pathways in immunity and cancer. Furthermore, we summarize and discuss the recent advances in the use of IL-7 and IL-7Rα as cancer immunotherapy tools and highlight their potential for therapeutic applications. This review will help in the development of cancer immunotherapy regimens based on IL-7 and IL-7Rα, and will also advance their exploitation as more effective and safe immunotherapy tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Lingzu Kong
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seokmin Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sechan Oh
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seona Jo
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Inhwan Jang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence:
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10
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Naoun AA, Raphael I, Forsthuber TG. Immunoregulation via Cell Density and Quorum Sensing-like Mechanisms: An Underexplored Emerging Field with Potential Translational Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152442. [PMID: 35954285 PMCID: PMC9368058 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) was historically described as a mechanism by which bacteria detect and optimize their population density via gene regulation based on dynamic environmental cues. Recently, it was proposed that QS or similar mechanisms may have broader applications across different species and cell types. Indeed, emerging evidence shows that the mammalian immune system can also elicit coordinated responses on a population level to regulate cell density and function, thus suggesting that QS-like mechanisms may also be a beneficial trait of the immune system. In this review, we explore and discuss potential QS-like mechanisms deployed by the immune system to coordinate cellular-level responses, such as T cell responses mediated via the common gamma chain (γc) receptor cytokines and the aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). We present evidence regarding a novel role of QS as a multifunctional mechanism coordinating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell behavior during steady state and in response to infection, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Successful clinical therapies such as adoptive cell transfer for cancer treatment may be re-evaluated to harness the effects of the QS mechanism(s) and enhance treatment responsiveness. Moreover, we discuss how signaling threshold perturbations through QS-like mediators may result in disturbances of the complex crosstalk between immune cell populations, undesired T cell responses, and induction of autoimmune pathology. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic role of modulating immune-system-related QS as a promising avenue to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A. Naoun
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (T.G.F.)
| | - Thomas G. Forsthuber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (T.G.F.)
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11
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Zhang Z, Zhang N, Yu J, Xu W, Gao J, Lv X, Wen Z. The Role of Podoplanin in the Immune System and Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3561-3572. [PMID: 35747250 PMCID: PMC9212786 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s366620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin is a small cell-surface mucin-like glycoprotein that participates in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Podoplanin exerts an important function in the immune response and is upregulated in fibroblasts, macrophages, T helper cells, and epithelial cells during inflammation. Herein, we summarize the latest knowledge on the functional expression of podoplanin in the immune system and review the contribution of podoplanin to several inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss podoplanin as a novel therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongmei Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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12
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Cords L, Knapp M, Woost R, Schulte S, Kummer S, Ackermann C, Beisel C, Peine S, Johansson AM, Kwok WWH, Günther T, Fischer N, Wittner M, Addo MM, Huber S, Schulze zur Wiesch J. High and Sustained Ex Vivo Frequency but Altered Phenotype of SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD4 + T-Cells in an Anti-CD20-Treated Patient with Prolonged COVID-19. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061265. [PMID: 35746736 PMCID: PMC9228841 DOI: 10.3390/v14061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we longitudinally assessed the ex vivo frequency and phenotype of SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein (aa145-164) epitope-specific CD4+ T-cells of an anti-CD20-treated patient with prolonged viral positivity in direct comparison to an immunocompetent patient through an MHC class II DRB1*11:01 Tetramer analysis. We detected a high and stable SARS-CoV-2 membrane-specific CD4+ T-cell response in both patients, with higher frequencies of virus-specific CD4+ T-cells in the B-cell-depleted patient. However, we found an altered virus-specific CD4+ T-cell memory phenotype in the B-cell-depleted patient that was skewed towards late differentiated memory T-cells, as well as reduced frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T-cells with CD45RA- CXCR5+ PD-1+ circulating T follicular helper cell (cTFH) phenotype. Furthermore, we observed a delayed contraction of CD127- virus-specific effector cells. The expression of the co-inhibitory receptors TIGIT and LAG-3 fluctuated on the virus-specific CD4+ T-cells of the patient, but were associated with the inflammation markers IL-6 and CRP. Our findings indicate that, despite B-cell depletion and a lack of B-cell-T-cell interaction, a robust virus-specific CD4+ T-cell response can be primed that helps to control the viral replication, but which is not sufficient to fully abrogate the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Cords
- Infectious Diseases Unit I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.C.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (M.W.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Maximilian Knapp
- Infectious Diseases Unit I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.C.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (M.W.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Robin Woost
- Infectious Diseases Unit I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.C.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (M.W.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sophia Schulte
- Infectious Diseases Unit I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.C.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (M.W.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Silke Kummer
- Infectious Diseases Unit I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.C.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (M.W.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Christin Ackermann
- Infectious Diseases Unit I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.C.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (M.W.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Claudia Beisel
- Infectious Diseases Unit I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.C.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (M.W.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sven Peine
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | | | - William Wai-Hung Kwok
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (A.M.J.); (W.W.-H.K.)
| | - Thomas Günther
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Nicole Fischer
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Wittner
- Infectious Diseases Unit I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.C.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (M.W.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Marylyn Martina Addo
- Infectious Diseases Unit I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.C.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (M.W.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Samuel Huber
- Infectious Diseases Unit I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.C.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (M.W.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- Infectious Diseases Unit I, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.C.); (M.K.); (R.W.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (M.W.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Host type 2 immune response to xenogeneic serum components impairs biomaterial-directed osteo-regenerative therapies. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Fleury M, Vazquez-Mateo C, Hernandez-Escalante J, Dooms H. Partial STAT5 signaling is sufficient for CD4 + T cell priming but not memory formation. Cytokine 2022; 150:155770. [PMID: 34839177 PMCID: PMC8761165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) plays an important role in regulating gene expression in response to cytokines of the common (γc) chain family. In this capacity, STAT5 promotes CD8+ effector and memory T cell survival and regulatory T cell development. However, its function in conventional CD4+ T cells is less clear. In this study, the requirement of intact STAT5 signaling for CD4+ effector and memory T cell generation and maintenance was investigated by using DO11.10 TCR transgenic T cells that are genetically deficient in STAT5A or B, as well as by transducing DO11 T cells with a dominant-negative STAT5 to temporally block STAT5 function. We found that the presence of STAT5A or B alone was sufficient for primary CD4+ effector T cell generation, but not for establishing a long-lived memory cell population. Similarly, blocking STAT5 signaling during priming did not prevent initial T cell activation, but inhibited the generation of memory cells. Surprisingly, blocking STAT5 post-priming did not impact the long-term survival of CD4+ memory T cells in vivo. Mechanistically, intact STAT5B, but not STAT5A, was required for IL-7Rα re-expression in activated T cells, which is an important cytokine receptor for CD4+ memory generation. These data show that fully functional STAT5 is essential to deliver an early, non-redundant signal for memory programming during the primary CD4+ T cell response, while partial STAT5 signaling is sufficient for effector differentiation. Our results have implications for the precise use of STAT5 inhibitors to timely inhibit memory T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fleury
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States; Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States
| | - Cristina Vazquez-Mateo
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States
| | - Jaileene Hernandez-Escalante
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States; Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States
| | - Hans Dooms
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States; Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States; Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94143, United States.
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15
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He N, Jiang J. Contribution of immune cells to bone metastasis pathogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1019864. [PMID: 36246916 PMCID: PMC9556850 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1019864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is closely related to the survival rate of cancer patients and reduces their quality of life. The bone marrow microenvironment contains a complex immune cell component with a local microenvironment that is conducive to tumor formation and growth. In this unique immune environment, a variety of immune cells, including T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, participate in the process of bone metastasis. In this review, we will introduce the interactions between immune cells and cancer cells in the bone microenvironment, obtain the details of their contributions to the implications of bone metastasis, and discuss immunotherapeutic strategies targeting immune cells in cancer patients with bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning He
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingting Jiang,
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16
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Karin N. Chemokines in the Landscape of Cancer Immunotherapy: How They and Their Receptors Can Be Used to Turn Cold Tumors into Hot Ones? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6317. [PMID: 34944943 PMCID: PMC8699256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, monoclonal antibodies to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), also known as immune checkpoint blockers (ICB), have been the most successful approach for cancer therapy. Starting with mAb to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors in metastatic melanoma and continuing with blockers of the interactions between program cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand program cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) or program cell death ligand 2 (PDL-2), that have been approved for about 20 different indications. Yet for many cancers, ICI shows limited success. Several lines of evidence imply that the limited success in cancer immunotherapy is associated with attempts to treat patients with "cold tumors" that either lack effector T cells, or in which these cells are markedly suppressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Chemokines are a well-defined group of proteins that were so named due to their chemotactic properties. The current review focuses on key chemokines that not only attract leukocytes but also shape their biological properties. CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor with 3 ligands. We suggest using Ig-based fusion proteins of two of them: CXL9 and CXCL10, to enhance anti-tumor immunity and perhaps transform cold tumors into hot tumors. Potential differences between CXCL9 and CXCL10 regarding ICI are discussed. We also discuss the possibility of targeting the function or deleting a key subset of Tregs that are CCR8+ by monoclonal antibodies to CCR8. These cells are preferentially abundant in several tumors and are likely to be the key drivers in suppressing anti-cancer immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Karin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 31096, Israel
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17
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Zhang X, Lian P, Su M, Ji Z, Deng J, Zheng G, Wang W, Ren X, Jiang T, Zhang P, Li H. Single-cell transcriptome analysis identifies a unique tumor cell type producing multiple hormones in ectopic ACTH and CRH secreting pheochromocytoma. eLife 2021; 10:68436. [PMID: 34905486 PMCID: PMC8719890 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic ACTH&CRH-secreting by pheochromocytoma is extremely rare and can be fatal if not properly diagnosed. It remains unclear whether a unique cell type is responsible for multiple hormones secreting. In this work, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to three different anatomic tumor tissues and one peritumoral tissue based on a rare case with ectopic ACTH&CRH-secreting pheochromocytoma. And in addition to that, three adrenal tumor specimens from common pheochromocytoma and adrenocortical adenomas were also involved in the comparison of tumor cellular heterogeneity. A total of 16 cell types in the tumor microenvironment were identified by unbiased cell clustering of single-cell transcriptomic profiles from all specimens. Notably, we identified a novel multi-functionally chromaffin-like cell type with high expression of both POMC (the precursor of ACTH) and CRH, called ACTH+&CRH + pheochromocyte. We hypothesized that the molecular mechanism of the rare case harbor Cushing’s syndrome is due to the identified novel tumor cell type, that is, the secretion of ACTH had a direct effect on the adrenal gland to produce cortisol, while the secretion of CRH can indirectly stimulate the secretion of ACTH from the anterior pituitary. Besides, a new potential marker (GAL) co-expressed with ACTH and CRH might be involved in the regulation of ACTH secretion. The immunohistochemistry results confirmed its multi-functionally chromaffin-like properties with positive staining for CRH, POMC, ACTH, GAL, TH, and CgA. Our findings also proved to some extent the heterogeneity of endothelial and immune microenvironment in different adrenal tumor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Penghu Lian
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Su
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Deng
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyang Zheng
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Ren
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Taijiao Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hanzhong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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18
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Swain SL, Jones MC, Devarajan P, Xia J, Dutton RW, Strutt TM, McKinstry KK. Durable CD4 T-Cell Memory Generation Depends on Persistence of High Levels of Infection at an Effector Checkpoint that Determines Multiple Fates. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a038182. [PMID: 33903157 PMCID: PMC8559547 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have discovered that the determination of CD4 effector and memory fates after infection is regulated not only by initial signals from antigen and pathogen recognition, but also by a second round of such signals at a checkpoint during the effector response. Signals to effectors determine their subsequent fate, inducing further progression to tissue-restricted follicular helpers, cytotoxic CD4 effectors, and long-lived memory cells. The follicular helpers help the germinal center B-cell responses that give rise to high-affinity long-lived antibody responses and memory B cells that synergize with T-cell memory to provide robust long-lived protection. We postulate that inactivated vaccines do not provide extended signals from antigen and pathogen beyond a few days, and thus elicit ineffective CD4 T- and B-cell effector responses and memory. Defining the mechanisms that underlie effective responses should provide insights necessary to develop vaccine strategies that induce more effective and durable immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Ave, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Michael C Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Ave, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Priyadharshini Devarajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Ave, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Jingya Xia
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Ave, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Richard W Dutton
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Ave, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Tara M Strutt
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
| | - K Kai McKinstry
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
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19
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Stamova S, Ott-Rötzer B, Smetak H, Schäffler K, Eder R, Fink I, Hoffmann P, Reichert TE, Beckhove P, Spanier G. Characterization and ex vivo expansion of rare in situ cytokine secreting T cell populations from tumor tissue and blood of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. J Immunol Methods 2021; 496:113086. [PMID: 34146580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rare subpopulations of tumor antigen-reactive memory T cells, which actively secrete type-1 effector cytokines, particularly TNF-α in situ, possess anti-tumor activity and prognostic relevance. These cells are relevant for cancer immunotherapy; however, their low frequencies make them difficult to study and novel protocols for their culture and expansion ex vivo are needed. Here, we studied the presence of T cells secreting type-1 cytokines (Cy+T cells) in the blood and tumors of 24 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and explored possibilities for their isolation and expansion. More than 90% of OSCC patients contained enriched numbers Cy+T cells in the blood and tumors compared to healthy donors in which these were hardly detectable. The majority of TNF-α+T cells were CD4+ T helper cells while IFN-γ+TIL were predominantly CD8+. Cy+T helper cells in the blood were early-differentiated memory T cells while Cy+TIL and Cy+CD8+T cells showed advanced-differentiated memory T cell phenotypes. We explored different conditions for their in vitro culture and found that Cy+T cells can be efficiently expanded in vitro to similar levels as Cy-T cells and after expansion maintained their TNF-α secreting capacity. However, for optimal expansion they required specific culture conditions to support the maintenance of stem-like and central memory T cell phenotype. In conclusion, we show that Cy+T cells are enriched in OSCC patients and report a novel cell culture protocol optimized to specifically expand and functionally maintain these cells for further functional characterization or for their exploitation in immunotherapy of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slava Stamova
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Birgitta Ott-Rötzer
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Smetak
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schäffler
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Irina Fink
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Hoffmann
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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20
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Regulatory T-cell subset distribution in children with primary hypertension is associated with hypertension severity and hypertensive target organ damage. J Hypertens 2021; 38:692-700. [PMID: 31834124 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between circulating regulatory T-cell (Tregs) subset distribution and hypertension severity in children with primary hypertension is not known. We aimed to find out if target organ damage (TOD) in children with primary hypertension is related to defects in Tregs distribution reflected by their phenotype characteristics. METHODS The study constituted 33 nontreated hypertensive children and 35 sex-matched and age-matched controls. Using multicolor flow cytometry technique, we assessed a distribution of the total Tregs (CD4CD25CD127) and their subsets (CD45RA-naive Tregs, CD45RA memory/activated Tregs, CD45RACD31 recent thymic emigrants Tregs and mature naive CD45RACD31 Tregs) in the whole blood. RESULTS Hypertensive children showed decreased percentage of the total Tregs, the CD45RA-naive Tregs, the total CD31 Tregs and the recent thymic emigrants Tregs but elevation of the CD45RA memory/activated Treg and mature naive CD45RACD31 Tregs. Decreased frequency of the total Tregs, naive Tregs and CD31-bearing Treg cell subsets (CD31 total Tregs, CD45RACD31 recent thymic emigrants Tregs) negatively correlated to TOD markers, arterial stiffness and blood pressure elevation. In contrast, increased percentage of memory Tregs and CD31 Tregs subsets positively correlated to organ damage markers, arterial stiffness and blood pressure values. These changes were independent of BMI, age, sex and hsCRP. CONCLUSION Both diagnosis of hypertension, TOD and arterial stiffness in hypertensive children were associated with decreased population of total CD4 Tregs, limited output of recent thymic emigrants Tregs, and increased pool of activated/memory Tregs. Hypertension was an independent predictor of the circulating Treg subsets distribution irrespective of hsCRP.
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21
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Gao Y, Deason K, Jain A, Irizarry-Caro RA, Dozmorov I, Coughlin LA, Rauch I, Evers BM, Koh AY, Wakeland EK, Pasare C. Transcriptional profiling identifies caspase-1 as a T cell-intrinsic regulator of Th17 differentiation. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133631. [PMID: 31967646 PMCID: PMC7144520 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for the differentiation of pathogen-specific CD4 T cells. However, to what extent innate cues from DCs dictate transcriptional changes in T cells remains elusive. Here, we used DCs stimulated with specific pathogens to prime CD4 T cells in vitro and found that these T cells express unique transcriptional profiles dictated by the nature of the priming pathogen. More specifically, the transcriptome of in vitro C. rodentium–primed Th17 cells resembled that of Th17 cells primed following infection in vivo but was remarkably distinct from cytokine-polarized Th17 cells. We identified caspase-1 as a unique gene up-regulated only in pathogen-primed Th17 cells and discovered a critical role for T cell–intrinsic caspase-1, independent of inflammasome, in optimal priming of Th17 responses. T cells lacking caspase-1 failed to induce colitis or confer protection against C. rodentium infection due to suboptimal Th17 cell differentiation in vivo. This study underlines the importance of DC-mediated priming in identifying novel regulators of T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Gao
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Krystin Deason
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Aakanksha Jain
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ricardo A Irizarry-Caro
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Laura A Coughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Bret M Evers
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Andrew Y Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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22
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Facts and Challenges in Immunotherapy for T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207685. [PMID: 33081391 PMCID: PMC7589289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), a T-cell malignant disease that mainly affects children, is still a medical challenge, especially for refractory patients for whom therapeutic options are scarce. Recent advances in immunotherapy for B-cell malignancies based on increasingly efficacious monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been encouraging for non-responding or relapsing patients suffering from other aggressive cancers like T-ALL. However, secondary life-threatening T-cell immunodeficiency due to shared expression of targeted antigens by healthy and malignant T cells is a main drawback of mAb—or CAR-based immunotherapies for T-ALL and other T-cell malignancies. This review provides a comprehensive update on the different immunotherapeutic strategies that are being currently applied to T-ALL. We highlight recent progress on the identification of new potential targets showing promising preclinical results and discuss current challenges and opportunities for developing novel safe and efficacious immunotherapies for T-ALL.
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23
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Janssens I, Cools N. Regulating the regulators: Is introduction of an antigen-specific approach in regulatory T cells the next step to treat autoimmunity? Cell Immunol 2020; 358:104236. [PMID: 33137651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In autoimmunity, the important and fragile balance between immunity and tolerance is disturbed, resulting in abnormal immune responses to the body's own tissues and cells. CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) induce peripheral tolerance in vivo by means of direct cell-cell contact and release of soluble factors, or indirectly through antigen-presenting cells (APC), thereby controlling auto-reactive effector T cells. Based on these unique capacities of Tregs, preclinical studies delivered proof-of-principle for the clinical use of Tregs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. To date, the first clinical trials using ex vivo expanded polyclonal Tregs have been completed. These pioneering studies demonstrate the feasibility of generating large numbers of polyclonal Tregs in a good manufacturing practices (GMP)-compliant manner, and that infusion of Tregs is well tolerated by patients with no evidence of general immunosuppression. Nonetheless, only modest clinical results were observed, arguing that a more antigen-specific approach might be needed to foster a durable patient-specific clinical cell therapy without the risk for general immunosuppression. In this review, we discuss current knowledge, applications and future goals of adoptive immune-modulatory Treg therapy for the treatment of autoimmune disease and transplant rejection. We describe the key advances and prospects of the potential use of T cell receptor (TCR)- and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered Tregs in future clinical applications. These approaches could deliver the long-awaited breakthrough in stopping undesired autoimmune responses and transplant rejections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibo Janssens
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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24
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Johnson BZ, McAlister S, McGuire HM, Palanivelu V, Stevenson A, Richmond P, Palmer DJ, Metcalfe J, Prescott SL, Wood FM, Fazekas de St Groth B, Linden MD, Fear MW, Fear VS. Pediatric Burn Survivors Have Long-Term Immune Dysfunction With Diminished Vaccine Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1481. [PMID: 32793203 PMCID: PMC7385079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that survivors of acute burn trauma are at long-term increased risk of developing a range of morbidities. The mechanisms underlying this increased risk remain unknown. This study aimed to determine whether burn injury leads to sustained immune dysfunction that may underpin long-term morbidity. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 36 pediatric burn survivors >3 years after a non-severe burn injury (<10% total body surface area) and from age/sex-matched non-injured controls. Circulating cytokine and vaccine antibody levels were assessed using multiplex immunoassays and cell profiles compared using a panel of 40 metal-conjugated antibodies and mass cytometry. TNF-α (1.31-fold change from controls), IL-2 (1.18-fold), IL-7 (1.63-fold), and IFN-γ (1.18-fold) were all significantly elevated in the burn cohort. Additionally, burn survivors demonstrated diminished antibody responses to the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine antigens. Comparisons between groups using unsupervised clustering identified differences in proportions of clusters within T-cells, B-cells and myeloid cells. Manual gating confirmed increased memory T-regulatory and central memory CD4+ T-cells, with altered expression of T-cell, B-cell, and dendritic cell markers. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a lasting change to the immune profile of pediatric burn survivors, and highlights the need for further research into post-burn immune suppression and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair Z Johnson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sonia McAlister
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Helen M McGuire
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology and the Charles Perkins Centre, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Stevenson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Richmond
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Debra J Palmer
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Allergy and Immunology Research, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jessica Metcalfe
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Allergy and Immunology Research, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Susan L Prescott
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Allergy and Immunology Research, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Health WA, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St Groth
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology and the Charles Perkins Centre, Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew D Linden
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vanessa S Fear
- Genetic and Rare Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
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25
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Alam F, Singh A, Flores-Malavet V, Sell S, Cooper AM, Swain SL, McKinstry KK, Strutt TM. CD25-Targeted IL-2 Signals Promote Improved Outcomes of Influenza Infection and Boost Memory CD4 T Cell Formation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3307-3314. [PMID: 32376651 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-2 is a pleotropic cytokine with potent pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. These divergent impacts can be directed in vivo by forming complexes of IL-2 and anti-IL-2 mAbs (IL-2C) to target IL-2 to distinct subsets of cells based on their expression of subunits of the IL-2R. In this study, we show that treatment of mice with a prototypical anti-inflammatory IL-2C, JES6-1-IL-2C, best known to induce CD25+ regulatory CD4 T cell expansion, surprisingly causes robust induction of a suite of inflammatory factors. However, treating mice infected with influenza A virus with this IL-2C reduces lung immunopathology. We compare the spectrum of inflammatory proteins upregulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory IL-2C treatment and uncover a pattern of expression that reveals potentially beneficial versus detrimental aspects of the influenza-associated cytokine storm. Moreover, we show that anti-inflammatory IL-2C can deliver survival signals to CD4 T cells responding to influenza A virus that improve their memory fitness, indicating a novel application of IL-2 to boost pathogen-specific T cell memory while simultaneously reducing immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Alam
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827
| | - Ayushi Singh
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827
| | - Valeria Flores-Malavet
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827
| | - Stewart Sell
- Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY 12201
| | | | - Susan L Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - K Kai McKinstry
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827.,NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Tara M Strutt
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827; .,NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826
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26
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Mendoza-Reinoso V, McCauley LK, Fournier PG. Contribution of Macrophages and T Cells in Skeletal Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1014. [PMID: 32326073 PMCID: PMC7226332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common site for metastases with a local microenvironment that is highly conducive for tumor establishment and growth. The bone marrow is replete with myeloid and lymphoid linage cells that provide a fertile niche for metastatic cancer cells promoting their survival and growth. Here, we discuss the role of macrophages and T cells in pro- and anti-tumoral mechanisms, their interaction to support cancer cell growth, and their contribution to the development of skeletal metastases. Importantly, immunotherapeutic strategies targeting macrophages and T cells in cancer are also discussed in this review as they represent a great promise for patients suffering from incurable bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mendoza-Reinoso
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.M.-R.); (L.K.M.)
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.M.-R.); (L.K.M.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pierrick G.J. Fournier
- Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, BC 22860, Mexico
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27
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Chu KL, Batista NV, Girard M, Law JC, Watts TH. GITR differentially affects lung effector T cell subpopulations during influenza virus infection. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:953-970. [PMID: 32125017 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ab1219-254r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident memory T cells (Trm) are critical for local protection against reinfection. The accumulation of T cells in the tissues requires a post-priming signal from TNFR superfamily members, referred to as signal 4. Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR; TNFRSF18) signaling is important for this post-priming signal and for Trm formation during respiratory infection with influenza virus. As GITR signaling impacts both effector T cell accumulation and Trm formation, we asked if GITR differentially affects subsets of effector cells with different memory potential. Effector CD4+ T cells can be subdivided into 2 populations based on expression of lymphocyte antigen 6C (Ly6C), whereas effector CD8+ cells can be divided into 3 populations based on Ly6C and CX3CR1. The Ly6Chi and CX3CR1hi T cell populations represent the most differentiated effector T cells. Upon transfer, the Ly6Clo CD4+ effector T cells preferentially enter the lung parenchyma, compared to the Ly6Chi CD4+ T cells. We show that GITR had a similar effect on the accumulation of both the Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo CD4+ T cell subsets. In contrast, whereas GITR increased the accumulation of all three CD8+ T cell subsets defined by CX3CR1 and Ly6C expression, it had a more substantial effect on the least differentiated Ly6Clo CX3CR1lo subset. Moreover, GITR selectively up-regulated CXCR6 on the less differentiated CX3CR1lo CD8+ T cell subsets and induced a small but significant increase in CD127 selectively on the Ly6Clo CD4+ T cell subset. Thus, GITR contributes to accumulation of both differentiated effector cells as well as memory precursors, but with some differences between subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lun Chu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathalia V Batista
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mélanie Girard
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaclyn C Law
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Memory CD4 + T Cells in Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030531. [PMID: 32106536 PMCID: PMC7140455 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play central roles in immunity in health and disease. While much is known about the effector function of Th cells in combating pathogens and promoting autoimmune diseases, the roles and biology of memory CD4+ Th cells are complex and less well understood. In human autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a critical need to better understand the function and biology of memory T cells. In this review article we summarize current concepts in the field of CD4+ T cell memory, including natural history, developmental pathways, subsets, and functions. Furthermore, we discuss advancements in the field of the newly-described CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells and of CD4+ memory T cells in autoimmune diseases, two major areas of important unresolved questions in need of answering to advance new vaccine design and development of novel treatments for CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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29
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Pizzolla A, Wakim LM. Memory T Cell Dynamics in the Lung during Influenza Virus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:374-381. [PMID: 30617119 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus is highly contagious, infecting 5-15% of the global population every year. It causes significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among immunocompromised and at-risk individuals. Influenza virus is constantly evolving, undergoing continuous, rapid, and unpredictable mutation, giving rise to novel viruses that can escape the humoral immunity generated by current influenza virus vaccines. Growing evidence indicates that influenza-specific T cells resident along the respiratory tract are highly effective at providing potent and rapid protection against this inhaled pathogen. As these T cells recognize fragments of the virus that are highly conserved and less prone to mutation, they have the potential to provide cross-strain protection against a wide breadth of influenza viruses, including newly emerging strains. In this review, we will discuss how influenza-specific memory T cells in the lung are established and maintained and how we can harness this knowledge to design broadly protective influenza A virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pizzolla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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30
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Saha A, Taylor PA, Lees CJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Osborn MJ, Feser CJ, Thangavelu G, Melchinger W, Refaeli Y, Hill GR, Munn DH, Murphy WJ, Serody JS, Maillard I, Kreymborg K, van den Brink M, Dong C, Huang S, Zang X, Allison JP, Zeiser R, Blazar BR. Donor and host B7-H4 expression negatively regulates acute graft-versus-host disease lethality. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127716. [PMID: 31578305 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B7-H4 is a negative regulatory B7 family member. We investigated the role of host and donor B7-H4 in regulating acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Allogeneic donor T cells infused into B7-H4-/- versus WT recipients markedly accelerated GVHD-induced lethality. Chimera studies pointed toward B7-H4 expression on host hematopoietic cells as more critical than parenchymal cells in controlling GVHD. Rapid mortality in B7-H4-/- recipients was associated with increased donor T cell expansion, gut T cell homing and loss of intestinal epithelial integrity, increased T effector function (proliferation, proinflammatory cytokines, cytolytic molecules), and reduced apoptosis. Higher metabolic demands of rapidly proliferating donor T cells in B7-H4-/- versus WT recipients required multiple metabolic pathways, increased extracellular acidification rates (ECARs) and oxygen consumption rates (OCRs), and increased expression of fuel substrate transporters. During GVHD, B7-H4 expression was upregulated on allogeneic WT donor T cells. B7-H4-/- donor T cells given to WT recipients increased GVHD mortality and had function and biological properties similar to WT T cells from allogeneic B7-H4-/- recipients. Graft-versus-leukemia responses were intact regardless as to whether B7-H4-/- mice were used as hosts or donors. Taken together, these data provide new insights into the negative regulatory processes that control GVHD and provide support for developing therapeutic strategies directed toward the B7-H4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Saha
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patricia A Taylor
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher J Lees
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark J Osborn
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Colby J Feser
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wolfgang Melchinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem-Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yosef Refaeli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David H Munn
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katharina Kreymborg
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marcel van den Brink
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - James P Allison
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem-Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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31
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Goonetilleke N, Clutton G, Swanstrom R, Joseph SB. Blocking Formation of the Stable HIV Reservoir: A New Perspective for HIV-1 Cure. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1966. [PMID: 31507594 PMCID: PMC6714000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that the stable HIV-1 reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells is mostly formed from viruses circulating when combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is initiated. Here we explore the immunological basis for these observations. Untreated HIV-1 infection is characterized by a progressive depletion of memory CD4+ T cells which mostly express CD127, the α chain of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). Depletion results from both direct infection and bystander loss of memory CD4+ T cells in part attributed to dysregulated IL-7/IL-7R signaling. While IL-7/IL7R signaling is not essential for the generation of effector CD4+ T cells from naïve cells, it is essential for the further transition of effectors to memory CD4+ T cells and their subsequent homeostatic maintenance. HIV-1 infection therefore limits the transition of CD4+ T cells from an effector to long-lived memory state. With the onset of ART, virus load (VL) levels rapidly decrease and the frequency of CD127+ CD4+ memory T cells increases, indicating restoration of effector to memory transition in CD4+ T cells. Collectively these data suggest that following ART initiation, HIV-1 infected effector CD4+ T cells transition to long-lived, CD127+ CD4+ T cells forming the majority of the stable HIV-1 reservoir. We propose that combining ART initiation with inhibition of IL-7/IL-7R signaling to block CD4+ T cell memory formation will limit the generation of long-lived HIV-infected CD4+ T cells and reduce the overall size of the stable HIV-1 reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilu Goonetilleke
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC HIV-1 Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Genevieve Clutton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC HIV-1 Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ron Swanstrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sarah B. Joseph
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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32
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Naismith E, Pangrazzi L. The impact of oxidative stress, inflammation, and senescence on the maintenance of immunological memory in the bone marrow in old age. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190371. [PMID: 31018996 PMCID: PMC6522741 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) provides a preferential survival environment for the long-term maintenance of antigen-experienced adaptive immune cells. After the contact with antigens, effector/memory T cells and plasma cell precursors migrate to the BM, in which they can survive within survival niches in an antigen-independent manner. Despite this, the phenotype of adaptive immune cells changes with aging, and BM niches themselves are affected, leading to impaired long-term maintenance of immunological memory in the elderly as a result. Oxidative stress, age-related inflammation (inflammaging), and cellular senescence appear to play a major role in this process. This review will summarize the age-related changes in T and B cell phenotype, and in the BM niches, discussing the possibility that the accumulation of highly differentiated, senescent-like T cells in the BM during aging may cause inflammation in the BM and promote oxidative stress and senescence. In addition, senescent-like T cells may compete for space with other immune cells within the marrow, partially excluding effector/memory T cells and long-lived plasma cells from the niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Naismith
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luca Pangrazzi
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Austria
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33
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Negi S, Pahari S, Bashir H, Agrewala JN. Gut Microbiota Regulates Mincle Mediated Activation of Lung Dendritic Cells to Protect Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1142. [PMID: 31231363 PMCID: PMC6558411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial components serve as ligand for various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) present on immune cells and thereby regulates host immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized innate cells involved in immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. The gut-lung axis is a potential therapeutic target in tuberculosis; however, understanding of the innate immune mechanism underlying the interaction of gut microbiota and lung still remains obscure. We investigated if antibiotics (Abx) induced gut dysbiosis is able to affect the activation of innate receptor, macrophage inducible C-type lectin (mincle) in lungs during Mtb infection. We found that dysbiosis reduced the lung mincle expression with a concomitant increase in Mtb survival. Further, Abx diminished the effector and memory T cell population, while elevating frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the lungs. Here, we show that dysbiotic mice exhibited low mincle expression on lung DCs. These DCs with impaired phenotype and functions had reduced ability to activate naïve CD4 T cells, and thus unable to restrict Mtb survival. In vivo administration of trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB: mincle ligand) efficiently rescued this immune defect by enhancing lung DCs function and subsequent T cell response. Further, gut microbial profiling revealed augmentation of Lactobacillus upon mincle stimulation in microbiota depleted animals. Accordingly, supplementation with Lactobacillus restored mincle expression on lung DCs along with anti-Mtb response. Our data demonstrate that gut microbiota is crucial to maintain DC-dependent lung immune response against Mtb, mediated by mincle. Abx interrupt this process to induce impaired T cell-response and increased susceptibility to Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Negi
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Susanta Pahari
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Immunology Division, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Hilal Bashir
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- Immunology Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Rupnagar, India
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Dwyer CJ, Knochelmann HM, Smith AS, Wyatt MM, Rangel Rivera GO, Arhontoulis DC, Bartee E, Li Z, Rubinstein MP, Paulos CM. Fueling Cancer Immunotherapy With Common Gamma Chain Cytokines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:263. [PMID: 30842774 PMCID: PMC6391336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell transfer therapy (ACT) using tumor infiltrating lymphocytes or lymphocytes redirected with antigen receptors (CAR or TCR) has revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. Although CAR T cell therapy mediates robust responses in patients with hematological malignancies, this approach has been less effective for treating patients with solid tumors. Additionally, toxicities post T cell infusion highlight the need for safer ACT protocols. Current protocols traditionally expand T lymphocytes isolated from patient tumors or from peripheral blood to large magnitudes in the presence of high dose IL-2 prior to infusion. Unfortunately, this expansion protocol differentiates T cells to a full effector or terminal phenotype in vitro, consequently reducing their long-term survival and antitumor effectiveness in vivo. Post-infusion, T cells face further obstacles limiting their persistence and function within the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic manipulation of T cells with common γ chain cytokines, which are critical growth factors for T cells, may be the key to bypass such immunological hurdles. Herein, we discuss the primary functions of the common γ chain cytokines impacting T cell survival and memory and then elaborate on how these distinct cytokines have been used to augment T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Dwyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Hannah M Knochelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Guillermo O Rangel Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Dimitrios C Arhontoulis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Eric Bartee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mark P Rubinstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Polonsky M, Rimer J, Kern-Perets A, Zaretsky I, Miller S, Bornstein C, David E, Kopelman NM, Stelzer G, Porat Z, Chain B, Friedman N. Induction of CD4 T cell memory by local cellular collectivity. Science 2018; 360:360/6394/eaaj1853. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaj1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell differentiation is directed by signals driving progenitors into specialized cell types. This process can involve collective decision-making, when differentiating cells determine their lineage choice by interacting with each other. We used live-cell imaging in microwell arrays to study collective processes affecting differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into memory precursors. We found that differentiation of precursor memory T cells sharply increases above a threshold number of locally interacting cells. These homotypic interactions involve the cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6, which affect memory differentiation orthogonal to their effect on proliferation and survival. Mathematical modeling suggests that the differentiation rate is continuously modulated by the instantaneous number of locally interacting cells. This cellular collectivity can prioritize allocation of immune memory to stronger responses.
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Terrazzini N, Mantegani P, Kern F, Fortis C, Mondino A, Caserta S. Interleukin-7 Unveils Pathogen-Specific T Cells by Enhancing Antigen-Recall Responses. J Infect Dis 2018; 217:1997-2007. [PMID: 29506153 PMCID: PMC5972594 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)-7 promotes the generation, expansion, and survival of memory T cells. Previous mouse and human studies showed that IL-7 can support immune cell reconstitution in lymphopenic conditions, expand tumor-reactive T cells for adoptive immunotherapy, and enhance effector cytokine expression by autoreactive T cells. Whether pathogen-reactive T cells also benefit from IL-7 exposure remains unknown. Methods In this study, we investigated this issue in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from patients infected with various endemic pathogens. After short-term exposure to IL-7, we measured PBMC responses to antigens derived from pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Candida albicans, and cytomegalovirus, and to the superantigen Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B. Results We found that IL-7 favored the expansion and, in some instances, the uncovering of pathogen-reactive CD4 T cells, by promoting pathogen-specific interferon-γ, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor recall responses. Conclusions Our findings indicate that IL-7 unveils and supports reactivation of pathogen-specific T cells with possible diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance of clinical value, especially in conditions of pathogen persistence and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Terrazzini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Mantegani
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Florian Kern
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, The University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Fortis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Mondino
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Caserta
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, The University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, United Kingdom
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Hull, United Kingdom
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Dhume K, McKinstry KK. Early programming and late-acting checkpoints governing the development of CD4 T-cell memory. Immunology 2018; 155:53-62. [PMID: 29701246 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 T cells contribute to protection against pathogens through numerous mechanisms. Incorporating the goal of memory CD4 T-cell generation into vaccine strategies therefore offers a powerful approach to improve their efficacy, especially in situations where humoral responses alone cannot confer long-term immunity. These threats include viruses such as influenza that mutate coat proteins to avoid neutralizing antibodies, but that are targeted by T cells that recognize more conserved protein epitopes shared by different strains. A major barrier in the design of such vaccines is that the mechanisms controlling the efficiency with which memory cells form remain incompletely understood. Here, we discuss recent insights into fate decisions controlling memory generation. We focus on the importance of three general cues: interleukin-2, antigen and co-stimulatory interactions. It is increasingly clear that these signals have a powerful influence on the capacity of CD4 T cells to form memory during two distinct phases of the immune response. First, through 'programming' that occurs during initial priming, and second, through 'checkpoints' that operate later during the effector stage. These findings indicate that novel vaccine strategies must seek to optimize cognate interactions, during which interleukin-2-, antigen- and co-stimulation-dependent signals are tightly linked, well beyond initial antigen encounter to induce robust memory CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Dhume
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Karl Kai McKinstry
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Abstract
Cytokines signal through specific cell surface receptors to broadly regulate immune development, differentiation, proliferation, and survival, thereby influencing cellular fate and function. Accordingly, cytokines are potential therapeutic targets for modulation of immune responses. Indeed, over the last several decades, an increasing number of cytokine-based clinical trials have been performed, collectively using either recombinant forms of cytokines or blocking agents that modulate the actions of cytokines. The pleiotropic actions of cytokines, including their abilities to mediate both inflammatory and protective immune responses, indicate that using or targeting cytokines can have desired but also potentially undesirable effects. Here, we focus on the immunomodulatory cytokine, IL-2. We review the underlying basic science related to IL-2 and its biologic actions, discuss the current state of IL-2-based immunotherapy, and focus on emerging concepts of modulating the activities of this cytokine, including the generation of novel partial cytokine agonists as new potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mitra
- Respiratory, Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Cao J, Xu X, Zhang Y, Zeng Z, Hylkema MN, Huo X. Increased memory T cell populations in Pb-exposed children from an e-waste-recycling area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:988-995. [PMID: 29096958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to heavy metals could affect cell-mediated immunity. The aim of this study was to explore the status of memory T cell development in preschool children from an e-waste recycling area. Blood lead (Pb) levels, peripheral T cell subpopulations, and serum levels of cytokines (IL-2/IL-7/IL-15), relevant to generation and homeostasis of memory T cells were evaluated in preschool children from Guiyu (e-waste-exposed group) and Haojiang (reference group). The correlations between blood Pb levels and percentages of memory T cell subpopulations were also evaluated. Guiyu children had higher blood Pb levels and increased percentages of CD4+ central memory T cells and CD8+ central memory T cells than in the Haojiang group. Moreover, blood Pb levels were positively associated with the percentages of CD4+ central memory T cells. In contrast, Pb exposure contributed marginally in the change of percentages of CD8+ central memory T cells in children. There was no significant difference in the serum cytokine levels between the e-waste-exposed and reference children. Taken together, preschool children from an e-waste recycling area suffer from relatively higher levels of Pb exposure, which might facilitate the development of CD4+ central memory T cells in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Cao
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713, GZ, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713, GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713, GZ, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713, GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713, GZ, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713, GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld N Hylkema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713, GZ, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713, GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Xia Huo
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Ullrich E, Abendroth B, Rothamer J, Huber C, Büttner-Herold M, Buchele V, Vogler T, Longerich T, Zundler S, Völkl S, Beilhack A, Rose-John S, Wirtz S, Weber GF, Ghimire S, Kreutz M, Holler E, Mackensen A, Neurath MF, Hildner K. BATF-dependent IL-7RhiGM-CSF+ T cells control intestinal graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:916-930. [PMID: 29376889 DOI: 10.1172/jci89242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) represents a severe, T cell-driven inflammatory complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). GVHD often affects the intestine and is associated with a poor prognosis. Although frequently detectable, proinflammatory mechanisms exerted by intestinal tissue-infiltrating Th cell subsets remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we show that the Th17-defining transcription factor basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like (BATF) was strongly regulated across human and mouse intestinal GVHD tissues. Studies in complete MHC-mismatched and minor histocompatibility-mismatched (miHA-mismatched) GVHD models revealed that BATF-expressing T cells were functionally indispensable for intestinal GVHD manifestation. Mechanistically, BATF controlled the formation of colon-infiltrating, IL-7 receptor-positive (IL-7R+), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-positive (GM-CSF+), donor T effector memory (Tem) cells. This T cell subset was sufficient to promote intestinal GVHD, while its occurrence was largely dependent on T cell-intrinsic BATF expression, required IL-7-IL-7R interaction, and was enhanced by GM-CSF. Thus, this study identifies BATF-dependent pathogenic GM-CSF+ effector T cells as critical promoters of intestinal inflammation in GVHD and hence putatively provides mechanistic insight into inflammatory processes previously assumed to be selectively Th17 driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ullrich
- Department of Medicine 5, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, and.,LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Abendroth
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Rothamer
- Department of Medicine 5, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, and.,LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carina Huber
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Buchele
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Vogler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Medicine 5, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg F Weber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sakhila Ghimire
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Medicine 5, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Hildner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
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Ayeka PA, Bian Y, Githaiga PM, Zhao Y. The immunomodulatory activities of licorice polysaccharides (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) in CT 26 tumor-bearing mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:536. [PMID: 29246138 PMCID: PMC5732493 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has kindled the need for scientific evaluation of the mechanism of action of CAMs. Although, licorice, a common ingredient in many Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has attracted great attention for its antitumor and immunomodulatory activities, the mechanism of action of its polysaccharides is still unclear. Here we report the immunomodulatory activity of licorice polysaccharides in vivo. METHODS The differential anticancer activities of licorice polysaccharides by tumorigenesis and immunomodulation was evaluated in vivo. Six weeks old, 120 CT-26 tumor bearing BALB/c mice, weighing 20 ± 2 g were used. They were randomly divided into six groups, three groups receiving high molecular weight (fraction A), low molecular weight (fraction B) polysaccharides and crude extract (fraction C); positive, negative and normal groups receiving cytoxin, saline and normal diet respectively. Weight of mice and tumors was determined and tumorigenicity assay calculated to determine the anticancer effects. Immunomodulatory potential was determined by immune organ indices, immune cell population and serum cytokine levels using immune organ weight and index, flow cytometry and cytokine/chemokine bead panel kit respectively. RESULTS Licorice polysaccharides exhibited immunomodulatory activities in CT 26 tumor bearing BALB/c mice. The polysaccharides significantly suppressed tumor growth and increased immune organ index. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory effect was evident with activation of CD4+ and CD8+ immune cells population. The polysaccharides also affected the production of various cytokines, by increasing IL 2, IL 6, IL 7 levels and a decreasing TNFα levels. CONCLUSION In summary, licorice polysaccharide especially of low molecular weight exhibit anticancer and immunomodulatory activities by suppressing tumor growth and improving general health of mice. They also augment the thymus/spleen index and population of T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the polysaccharides enhance the levels of serum antitumor cytokines, IL 2, IL 6 and IL 7 while decreasing pro-tumor cytokine TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Amwoga Ayeka
- International College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 88 Yuquan Road, 312 Anshan Western Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Egerton University, PO BOX 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - YuHong Bian
- International College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 88 Yuquan Road, 312 Anshan Western Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peter Mwitari Githaiga
- International College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 88 Yuquan Road, 312 Anshan Western Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193 People’s Republic of China
- Center for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ying Zhao
- International College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 88 Yuquan Road, 312 Anshan Western Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193 People’s Republic of China
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Rai PK, Chodisetti SB, Zeng W, Nadeem S, Maurya SK, Pahari S, Janmeja AK, Jackson DC, Agrewala JN. A lipidated peptide of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resuscitates the protective efficacy of BCG vaccine by evoking memory T cell immunity. J Transl Med 2017; 15:201. [PMID: 28985739 PMCID: PMC6389088 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current BCG vaccine induces only short-term protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), suggesting its failure to generate long-lasting memory T cells. Previously, we have demonstrated that a self-adjuvanting peptide of Mtb (L91), successfully generated enduring memory Th1 cells. Consequently, we investigated if L91 was able to recuperate BCG potency in perpetuating the generation of memory T cells and protection against Mtb infected mice. METHODS In the present study, we evaluated the potency of a self adjuvanting Mtb peptide vaccine L91 in invigorating BCG immune response against Mtb in mice. Female BALB/c mice were immunized with BCG. Later, they were boosted twice with L91 or an antigenically irrelevant lipidated influenza virus hemagglutinin peptide (LH). Further, PBMCs obtained from BCG vaccinated healthy subjects were cultured in vitro with L91. T cell responses were determined by surface markers and intracellular cytokine staining. Secretion of cytokines was estimated in the culture supernatants (SNs) by ELISA. RESULTS Compared to the BCG-vaccinated controls, L91 booster significantly enhanced the percentage of memory Th1 cells and Th17 cells and reduced the mycobacterial burden in BCG primed and L91-boosted (BCG-L91) group, even after 229 days of BCG vaccination. Further, substantial augmentation in the central (CD44hiCD62LhiCD127hi) and effector memory (CD44hiCD62LloCD127lo) CD4 T cells was detected. Furthermore, greater frequency of polyfunctional Th1 cells (IFN-γ+TNF-α+) and Th17 cells (IFN-γ+IL-17A+) was observed. Importantly, BCG-L91 successfully prevented CD4 T cells from exhaustion by decreasing the expression of PD-1 and Tim-3. Additionally, augmentation in the frequency of Th1 cells, Th17 cells and memory CD4 T cells was observed in the PBMCs of the BCG-vaccinated healthy individuals following in vitro stimulation with L91. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that L91 robustly reinvigorate BCG potency to invoke enduring protection against Mtb. This novel vaccination stratagem involving BCG-priming followed by L91-boosting can be a future prophylactic measure to control TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Rai
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sajid Nadeem
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Susanta Pahari
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashok K Janmeja
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Zens KD, Connors T, Farber DL. Tissue compartmentalization of T cell responses during early life. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:593-604. [PMID: 28894935 PMCID: PMC5743209 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The immune system in early life is tasked with transitioning from a relatively protected environment to one in which it encounters a wide variety of innocuous antigens and dangerous pathogens. The immaturity of the developing immune system, and particularly the distinct functionality of T lymphocytes in early life, has been implicated in increased susceptibility to infection. Previous work has demonstrated that immune responses in early life are skewed toward limited inflammation and atopy; however, there is mounting evidence that such responses are context- and tissue-dependent. The regulation, differentiation, and maintenance of infant T cell responses, particularly as it relates to tissue compartmentalization, remains poorly understood. How the tissue environment impacts early-life immune responses and whether the development of localized protective immune memory cell subsets are established is an emerging area of research. As infectious diseases affecting the respiratory and digestive tracts are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in infants and young children, a deeper understanding of site-specific immunity is essential to addressing these challenges. Here, we review the current paradigms of T cell responses during infancy as they relate to tissue localization and discuss implications for the development of vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra D Zens
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Thomas Connors
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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44
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Kachler K, Bailer M, Heim L, Schumacher F, Reichel M, Holzinger CD, Trump S, Mittler S, Monti J, Trufa DI, Rieker RJ, Hartmann A, Sirbu H, Kleuser B, Kornhuber J, Finotto S. Enhanced Acid Sphingomyelinase Activity Drives Immune Evasion and Tumor Growth in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5963-5976. [PMID: 28883000 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lipid hydrolase enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is required for the conversion of the lipid cell membrane component sphingomyelin into ceramide. In cancer cells, ASM-mediated ceramide production is important for apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune modulation, highlighting ASM as a potential multimodal therapeutic target. In this study, we demonstrate elevated ASM activity in the lung tumor environment and blood serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RNAi-mediated attenuation of SMPD1 in human NSCLC cells rendered them resistant to serum starvation-induced apoptosis. In a murine model of lung adenocarcinoma, ASM deficiency reduced tumor development in a manner associated with significant enhancement of Th1-mediated and cytotoxic T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Our findings indicate that targeting ASM in NSCLC can act by tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms to suppress tumor cell growth, most notably by enabling an effective antitumor immune response by the host. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5963-76. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kachler
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bailer
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisanne Heim
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Corinna D Holzinger
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja Trump
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Mittler
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliana Monti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis I Trufa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf J Rieker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Horia Sirbu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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45
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Maintenance of pathogenic Th2 cells in allergic disorders. Allergol Int 2017; 66:369-376. [PMID: 28391979 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is an important protective mechanism that enables host organisms to respond rapidly and vigorously to pathogens that have been previously encountered. In addition to the protective function, memory CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders, including asthma. Recently, several investigators have identified phenotypically and functionally distinct memory Th2 cell subsets that produce IL-5. These memory Th2 cell subsets play an important role in the pathology of allergic inflammation and function as memory-type "pathogenic Th2 (Tpath2) cells" both in mice and humans. We review the role of lung Tpath2 cells in the development of allergic inflammation and, in the context of recent findings, propose a mechanism by which Tpath2 cells not only survive but also continue to function at the sites where antigens were encountered. A greater understanding of the functional molecules or signaling pathways that regulate the inflammatory niche for Tpath2 cells may aid in the design of more effective treatments for chronic inflammatory disorders.
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46
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da Silva MB, da Cunha FF, Terra FF, Camara NOS. Old game, new players: Linking classical theories to new trends in transplant immunology. World J Transplant 2017; 7:1-25. [PMID: 28280691 PMCID: PMC5324024 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v7.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary emergence of an efficient immune system has a fundamental role in our survival against pathogenic attacks. Nevertheless, this same protective mechanism may also establish a negative consequence in the setting of disorders such as autoimmunity and transplant rejection. In light of the latter, although research has long uncovered main concepts of allogeneic recognition, immune rejection is still the main obstacle to long-term graft survival. Therefore, in order to define effective therapies that prolong graft viability, it is essential that we understand the underlying mediators and mechanisms that participate in transplant rejection. This multifaceted process is characterized by diverse cellular and humoral participants with innate and adaptive functions that can determine the type of rejection or promote graft acceptance. Although a number of mediators of graft recognition have been described in traditional immunology, recent studies indicate that defining rigid roles for certain immune cells and factors may be more complicated than originally conceived. Current research has also targeted specific cells and drugs that regulate immune activation and induce tolerance. This review will give a broad view of the most recent understanding of the allogeneic inflammatory/tolerogenic response and current insights into cellular and drug therapies that modulate immune activation that may prove to be useful in the induction of tolerance in the clinical setting.
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47
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Nakayama T, Hirahara K, Onodera A, Endo Y, Hosokawa H, Shinoda K, Tumes DJ, Okamoto Y. Th2 Cells in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2016; 35:53-84. [PMID: 27912316 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Helper T (Th) cell subsets direct immune responses by producing signature cytokines. Th2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which are important in humoral immunity and protection from helminth infection and are central to the pathogenesis of many allergic inflammatory diseases. Molecular analysis of Th2 cell differentiation and maintenance of function has led to recent discoveries that have refined our understanding of Th2 cell biology. Epigenetic regulation of Gata3 expression by chromatin remodeling complexes such as Polycomb and Trithorax is crucial for maintaining Th2 cell identity. In the context of allergic diseases, memory-type pathogenic Th2 cells have been identified in both mice and humans. To better understand these disease-driving cell populations, we have developed a model called the pathogenic Th population disease induction model. The concept of defined subsets of pathogenic Th cells may spur new, effective strategies for treating intractable chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , , .,AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , ,
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , , .,Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , ,
| | - Hiroyuki Hosokawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , ,
| | - Kenta Shinoda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , ,
| | - Damon J Tumes
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , , .,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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48
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Forced co-expression of IL-21 and IL-7 in whole-cell cancer vaccines promotes antitumor immunity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32351. [PMID: 27571893 PMCID: PMC5004106 DOI: 10.1038/srep32351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic modification of whole-cell cancer vaccines to augment their efficacies has a history of over two and a half decades. Various genes and gene combinations, targeting different aspects of immune responses have been tested in pursuit of potent adjuvant effects. Here we show that co-expression of two cytokine members of the common cytokine receptor γ-chain family, IL-21 and IL-7, in whole-cell cancer vaccines boosts antitumor immunity in a CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-dependent fashion. It also generates effective immune memory. The vaccine-elicited short-term effects positively correlated with enhanced infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells, and the long-term effects positively correlated with enhanced infiltration of effector memory T cells, especially CD8+ effector memory T cells. Preliminary data suggested that the vaccine exhibited good safety profile in murine models. Taken together, the combination of IL-21 and IL-7 possesses potent adjuvant efficacy in whole-cell vaccines. This finding warrants future development of IL-21 and IL-7 co-expressing whole-cell cancer vaccines and their relevant combinatorial regimens.
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49
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Saha A, O'Connor RS, Thangavelu G, Lovitch SB, Dandamudi DB, Wilson CB, Vincent BG, Tkachev V, Pawlicki JM, Furlan SN, Kean LS, Aoyama K, Taylor PA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Foncea R, Ranganathan P, Devine SM, Burrill JS, Guo L, Sacristan C, Snyder NW, Blair IA, Milone MC, Dustin ML, Riley JL, Bernlohr DA, Murphy WJ, Fife BT, Munn DH, Miller JS, Serody JS, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH, Turka LA, Blazar BR. Programmed death ligand-1 expression on donor T cells drives graft-versus-host disease lethality. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2642-60. [PMID: 27294527 DOI: 10.1172/jci85796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) interaction with PD-1 induces T cell exhaustion and is a therapeutic target to enhance immune responses against cancer and chronic infections. In murine bone marrow transplant models, PD-L1 expression on host target tissues reduces the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). PD-L1 is also expressed on T cells; however, it is unclear whether PD-L1 on this population influences immune function. Here, we examined the effects of PD-L1 modulation of T cell function in GVHD. In patients with severe GVHD, PD-L1 expression was increased on donor T cells. Compared with mice that received WT T cells, GVHD was reduced in animals that received T cells from Pdl1-/- donors. PD-L1-deficient T cells had reduced expression of gut homing receptors, diminished production of inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced rates of apoptosis. Moreover, multiple bioenergetic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid metabolism, were also reduced in T cells lacking PD-L1. Finally, the reduction of acute GVHD lethality in mice that received Pdl1-/- donor cells did not affect graft-versus-leukemia responses. These data demonstrate that PD-L1 selectively enhances T cell-mediated immune responses, suggesting a context-dependent function of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, and suggest selective inhibition of PD-L1 on donor T cells as a potential strategy to prevent or ameliorate GVHD.
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50
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Saeidi A, Ellegård R, Yong YK, Tan HY, Velu V, Ussher JE, Larsson M, Shankar EM. Functional role of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in HIV infection. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:305-14. [PMID: 27256572 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ru0216-084r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MAIT cells represent an evolutionarily conserved, MR1-restricted, innate-like cell subset that express high levels of CD161; have a canonical semi-invariant TCR iVα7.2; and may have an important role in mucosal immunity against various bacterial and fungal pathogens. Mature MAIT cells are CD161(hi)PLZF(hi)IL-18Rα(+)iVα7.2(+)γδ-CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells and occur in the peripheral blood, liver, and mucosa of humans. MAIT cells are activated by a metabolic precursor of riboflavin synthesis presented by MR1 and, therefore, respond to many bacteria and some fungi. Despite their broad antibacterial properties, their functional role in persistent viral infections is poorly understood. Although there is an increasing line of evidence portraying the depletion of MAIT cells in HIV disease, the magnitude and the potential mechanisms underlying such depletion remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that MAIT cells are vulnerable to immune exhaustion as a consequence of HIV and hepatitis C virus infections and HIV/tuberculosis coinfections. HIV infection also appears to cause functional depletion of MAIT cells resulting from abnormal expression of T-bet and EOMES, and effective ART is unable to completely salvage functional MAIT cell loss. Depletion and exhaustion of peripheral MAIT cells may affect mucosal immunity and could increase susceptibility to opportunistic infections during HIV infection. Here, we review some of the important mechanisms associated with depletion and functional loss of MAIT cells and also suggest potential immunotherapeutic strategies to restore MAIT cell functions, including the use of IL-7 to restore effector functions in HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Saeidi
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rada Ellegård
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yean K Yong
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hong Y Tan
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Georgia, Atlanta, USA; and
| | - James E Ussher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
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