1
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Tucker JS, Khan H, D’Orazio SEF. Lymph node stromal cells vary in susceptibility to infection but can support the intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:132-145. [PMID: 38416405 PMCID: PMC11212796 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) are an often overlooked component of the immune system but play a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and orchestrating immune responses. Our understanding of the functions these cells serve in the context of bacterial infections remains limited. We previously showed that Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular foodborne bacterial pathogen, must replicate within an as-yet-unidentified cell type in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) to spread systemically. Here, we show that L. monocytogenes could invade, escape from the vacuole, replicate exponentially, and induce a type I interferon response in the cytosol of 2 LNSC populations infected in vitro, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) and blood endothelial cells (BECs). Infected FRCs and BECs also produced a significant chemokine and proinflammatory cytokine response after in vitro infection. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed that GFP+ L. monocytogenes were associated with a small percentage of MLN stromal cells in vivo following foodborne infection of mice. Using fluorescent microscopy, we showed that these cell-associated bacteria were intracellular L. monocytogenes and that the number of infected FRCs and BECs changed over the course of a 3-day infection in mice. Ex vivo culturing of these infected LNSC populations revealed viable, replicating bacteria that grew on agar plates. These results highlight the unexplored potential of FRCs and BECs to serve as suitable growth niches for L. monocytogenes during foodborne infection and to contribute to the proinflammatory environment within the MLN that promotes clearance of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila S Tucker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street, MS417, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States
| | - Hiba Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street, MS417, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States
| | - Sarah E F D’Orazio
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 780 Rose Street, MS417, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States
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2
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Hakami N, Burgstaller A, Gao N, Rutz A, Mann S, Staufer O. Functional Integration of Synthetic Cells into 3D Microfluidic Devices for Artificial Organ-On-Chip Technologies. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303334. [PMID: 38794823 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidics plays a pivotal role in organ-on-chip technologies and in the study of synthetic cells, especially in the development and analysis of artificial cell models. However, approaches that use synthetic cells as integral functional components for microfluidic systems to shape the microenvironment of natural living cells cultured on-chip are not explored. Here, colloidosome-based synthetic cells are integrated into 3D microfluidic devices, pioneering the concept of synthetic cell-based microenvironments for organs-on-chip. Methods are devised to create dense and stable networks of silica colloidosomes, enveloped by supported lipid bilayers, within microfluidic channels. These networks promote receptor-ligand interactions with on-chip cultured cells. Furthermore, a technique is introduced for the controlled release of growth factors from the synthetic cells into the channels, using a calcium alginate-based hydrogel formation within the colloidosomes. To demonstrate the potential of the technology, a modular plug-and-play lymph-node-on-a-chip prototype that guides the expansion of primary human T cells by stimulating receptor ligands on the T cells and modulating their cytokine environment is presented. This integration of synthetic cells into microfluidic systems offers a new direction for organ-on-chip technologies and suggests further avenues for exploration in potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Hakami
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anna Burgstaller
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ning Gao
- Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Angela Rutz
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephen Mann
- Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Oskar Staufer
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Campus Saarland, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Campus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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3
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Costanzo A, Clarke D, Holt M, Sharma S, Nagy K, Tan X, Kain L, Abe B, Luce S, Boitard C, Wyseure T, Mosnier LO, Su AI, Grimes C, Finn MG, Savage PB, Gottschalk M, Pettus J, Teyton L. Repositioning the Early Pathology of Type 1 Diabetes to the Extraislet Vasculature. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1094-1104. [PMID: 38426888 PMCID: PMC10944819 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a prototypic T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Because the islets of Langerhans are insulated from blood vessels by a double basement membrane and lack detectable lymphatic drainage, interactions between endocrine and circulating T cells are not permitted. Thus, we hypothesized that initiation and progression of anti-islet immunity required islet neolymphangiogenesis to allow T cell access to the islet. Combining microscopy and single cell approaches, the timing of this phenomenon in mice was situated between 5 and 8 wk of age when activated anti-insulin CD4 T cells became detectable in peripheral blood while peri-islet pathology developed. This "peri-insulitis," dominated by CD4 T cells, respected the islet basement membrane and was limited on the outside by lymphatic endothelial cells that gave it the attributes of a tertiary lymphoid structure. As in most tissues, lymphangiogenesis seemed to be secondary to local segmental endothelial inflammation at the collecting postcapillary venule. In addition to classic markers of inflammation such as CD29, V-CAM, and NOS, MHC class II molecules were expressed by nonhematopoietic cells in the same location both in mouse and human islets. This CD45- MHC class II+ cell population was capable of spontaneously presenting islet Ags to CD4 T cells. Altogether, these observations favor an alternative model for the initiation of T1D, outside of the islet, in which a vascular-associated cell appears to be an important MHC class II-expressing and -presenting cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Costanzo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Don Clarke
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Marie Holt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Siddhartha Sharma
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kenna Nagy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xuqian Tan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lisa Kain
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Brian Abe
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Tine Wyseure
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Laurent O. Mosnier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew I. Su
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Catherine Grimes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Paul B. Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Michael Gottschalk
- Rady Children’s Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Jeremy Pettus
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Luc Teyton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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4
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Lancaster JN. Aging of lymphoid stromal architecture impacts immune responses. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101817. [PMID: 37572552 PMCID: PMC10929705 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) undergo structural changes with age, which correlates with diminishing immune responses against infectious disease. A growing body of research suggests that the aged tissue microenvironment can contribute to decreased immune function, independent of intrinsic changes to hematopoietic cells with age. Stromal cells impart structural integrity, facilitate fluid transport, and provide chemokine and cytokine signals that are essential for immune homeostasis. Mechanisms that drive SLO development have been described, but their roles in SLO maintenance with advanced age are unknown. Disorganization of the fibroblasts of the T cell and B cell zones may reduce the maintenance of naïve lymphocytes and delay immune activation. Reduced lymphatic transport efficiency with age can also delay the onset of the adaptive immune response. This review focuses on recent studies that describe age-associated changes to the stroma of the lymph nodes and spleen. We also review recent investigations into stromal cell biology, which include high-dimensional analysis of the stromal cell transcriptome and viscoelastic testing of lymph node mechanical properties, as they constitute an important framework for understanding aging of the lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Lancaster
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
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5
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Maiti G, Ashworth S, Choi T, Chakravarti S. Molecular cues for immune cells from small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans in their extracellular matrix-associated and free forms. Matrix Biol 2023; 123:48-58. [PMID: 37793508 PMCID: PMC10841460 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review we highlight emerging immune regulatory functions of lumican, keratocan, fibromodulin, biglycan and decorin, which are members of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These SLRPs have been studied extensively as collagen-fibril regulatory structural components of the skin, cornea, bone and cartilage in homeostasis. However, SLRPs released from a remodeling ECM, or synthesized by activated fibroblasts and immune cells contribute to an ECM-free pool in tissues and circulation, that may have a significant, but poorly understood foot print in inflammation and disease. Their molecular interactions and the signaling networks they influence also require investigations. Here we present studies on the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs of SLRP core proteins, their evolutionary and functional relationships with other LRR pathogen recognition receptors, such as the toll-like receptors (TLRs) to bring some molecular clarity in the immune regulatory functions of SLRPs. We discuss molecular interactions of fragments and intact SLRPs, and how some of these interactions are likely modulated by glycosaminoglycan side chains. We integrate findings on molecular interactions of these SLRPs together with what is known about their presence in circulation and lymph nodes (LN), which are important sites of immune cell regulation. Recent bulk and single cell RNA sequencing studies have identified subsets of stromal reticular cells that express these SLRPs within LNs. An understanding of the cellular source, molecular interactions and signaling consequences will lead to a fundamental understanding of how SLRPs modulate immune responses, and to therapeutic tools based on these SLRPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Maiti
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sean Ashworth
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tansol Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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6
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Torres DJ, Mrass P, Byrum J, Gonzales A, Martinez DN, Juarez E, Thompson E, Vezys V, Moses ME, Cannon JL. Quantitative analyses of T cell motion in tissue reveals factors driving T cell search in tissues. eLife 2023; 12:e84916. [PMID: 37870221 PMCID: PMC10672806 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are required to clear infection, and T cell motion plays a role in how quickly a T cell finds its target, from initial naive T cell activation by a dendritic cell to interaction with target cells in infected tissue. To better understand how different tissue environments affect T cell motility, we compared multiple features of T cell motion including speed, persistence, turning angle, directionality, and confinement of T cells moving in multiple murine tissues using microscopy. We quantitatively analyzed naive T cell motility within the lymph node and compared motility parameters with activated CD8 T cells moving within the villi of small intestine and lung under different activation conditions. Our motility analysis found that while the speeds and the overall displacement of T cells vary within all tissues analyzed, T cells in all tissues tended to persist at the same speed. Interestingly, we found that T cells in the lung show a marked population of T cells turning at close to 180o, while T cells in lymph nodes and villi do not exhibit this "reversing" movement. T cells in the lung also showed significantly decreased meandering ratios and increased confinement compared to T cells in lymph nodes and villi. These differences in motility patterns led to a decrease in the total volume scanned by T cells in lung compared to T cells in lymph node and villi. These results suggest that the tissue environment in which T cells move can impact the type of motility and ultimately, the efficiency of T cell search for target cells within specialized tissues such as the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulus Mrass
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | - Janie Byrum
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Emily Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Melanie E Moses
- Department of Computer Science, University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | - Judy L Cannon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
- Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
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7
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Phillips EH, Bindokas VP, Jung D, Teamer J, Kitajewski JK, Solaro RJ, Wolska BM, Lee SSY. Three-dimensional spatial quantitative analysis of cardiac lymphatics in the mouse heart. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12826. [PMID: 37605603 PMCID: PMC10592199 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Three-dimensional (3D) microscopy and image data analysis are necessary for studying the morphology of cardiac lymphatic vessels (LyVs) and their association with other cell types. We aimed to develop a methodology for 3D multiplexed lightsheet microscopy and highly sensitive and quantitative image analysis to identify pathological remodeling in the 3D morphology of LyVs in young adult mouse hearts with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). METHODS We developed a 3D lightsheet microscopy workflow providing a quick turn-around (as few as 5-6 days), multiplex fluorescence detection, and preservation of LyV structure and epitope markers. Hearts from non-transgenic and transgenic (TG) HCM mice were arrested in diastole, retrograde perfused, immunolabeled, optically cleared, and imaged. We built an image-processing pipeline to quantify LyV morphological parameters at the chamber and branch levels. RESULTS Chamber-specific pathological alterations of LyVs were identified, and significant changes were seen in the right atrium (RA). TG hearts had a higher volume percent of ER-TR7+ fibroblasts and reticular fibers. In the RA, we found associations between ER-TR7+ volume percent and both LyV segment density and median diameter. CONCLUSIONS This workflow and study enabled multi-scale analysis of pathological changes in cardiac LyVs of young adult mice, inviting ideas for research on LyVs in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan H. Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vytautas P. Bindokas
- Integrated Light Microscopy Facility, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dahee Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jay Teamer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jan K. Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R. John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Beata M. Wolska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Chicago, 840 S. Wood, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steve Seung-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Ghonim MA, Boyd DF, Flerlage T, Thomas PG. Pulmonary inflammation and fibroblast immunoregulation: from bench to bedside. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170499. [PMID: 37655660 PMCID: PMC10471178 DOI: 10.1172/jci170499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an explosion of interest in how fibroblasts initiate, sustain, and resolve inflammation across disease states. Fibroblasts contain heterogeneous subsets with diverse functionality. The phenotypes of these populations vary depending on their spatial distribution within the tissue and the immunopathologic cues contributing to disease progression. In addition to their roles in structurally supporting organs and remodeling tissue, fibroblasts mediate critical interactions with diverse immune cells. These interactions have important implications for defining mechanisms of disease and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Fibroblasts in the respiratory tract, in particular, determine the severity and outcome of numerous acute and chronic lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we review recent studies defining the spatiotemporal identity of the lung-derived fibroblasts and the mechanisms by which these subsets regulate immune responses to insult exposures and highlight past, current, and future therapeutic targets with relevance to fibroblast biology in the context of acute and chronic human respiratory diseases. This perspective highlights the importance of tissue context in defining fibroblast-immune crosstalk and paves the way for identifying therapeutic approaches to benefit patients with acute and chronic pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Ghonim
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - David F. Boyd
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Tim Flerlage
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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9
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Apollonio B, Spada F, Petrov N, Cozzetto D, Papazoglou D, Jarvis P, Kannambath S, Terranova-Barberio M, Amini RM, Enblad G, Graham C, Benjamin R, Phillips E, Ellis R, Nuamah R, Saqi M, Calado DP, Rosenquist R, Sutton LA, Salisbury J, Zacharioudakis G, Vardi A, Hagner PR, Gandhi AK, Bacac M, Claus C, Umana P, Jarrett RF, Klein C, Deutsch A, Ramsay AG. Tumor-activated lymph node fibroblasts suppress T cell function in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166070. [PMID: 37219943 PMCID: PMC10313378 DOI: 10.1172/jci166070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent transcriptomic-based analysis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has highlighted the clinical relevance of LN fibroblast and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) signatures within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the immunomodulatory role of fibroblasts in lymphoma remains unclear. Here, by studying human and mouse DLBCL-LNs, we identified the presence of an aberrantly remodeled fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network expressing elevated fibroblast-activated protein (FAP). RNA-Seq analyses revealed that exposure to DLBCL reprogrammed key immunoregulatory pathways in FRCs, including a switch from homeostatic to inflammatory chemokine expression and elevated antigen-presentation molecules. Functional assays showed that DLBCL-activated FRCs (DLBCL-FRCs) hindered optimal TIL and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell migration. Moreover, DLBCL-FRCs inhibited CD8+ TIL cytotoxicity in an antigen-specific manner. Notably, the interrogation of patient LNs with imaging mass cytometry identified distinct environments differing in their CD8+ TIL-FRC composition and spatial organization that associated with survival outcomes. We further demonstrated the potential to target inhibitory FRCs to rejuvenate interacting TILs. Cotreating organotypic cultures with FAP-targeted immunostimulatory drugs and a bispecific antibody (glofitamab) augmented antilymphoma TIL cytotoxicity. Our study reveals an immunosuppressive role of FRCs in DLBCL, with implications for immune evasion, disease pathogenesis, and optimizing immunotherapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Apollonio
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Domenico Cozzetto
- BRC Translational Bioinformatics at Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Despoina Papazoglou
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Jarvis
- 5th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Shichina Kannambath
- BRC Genomics Research Platform at Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rose-Marie Amini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Graham
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben Benjamin
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Phillips
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosamond Nuamah
- BRC Genomics Research Platform at Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mansoor Saqi
- BRC Translational Bioinformatics at Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dinis P. Calado
- Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lesley A. Sutton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Salisbury
- Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Vardi
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ruth F. Jarrett
- MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alan G. Ramsay
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Song S, Senoussi M, Escande P, Villoutreix P. Random walk informed heterogeneity detection reveals how the lymph node conduit network influences T cells collective exploration behavior. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011168. [PMID: 37224180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Random walks on networks are widely used to model stochastic processes such as search strategies, transportation problems or disease propagation. A prominent example of such process is the dynamics of naive T cells within the lymph node while they are scanning for antigens. The observed T cells trajectories in small sub-volumes of the lymph node are well modeled as a random walk and they have been shown to follow the lymphatic conduit network as substrate for migration. One can then ask how does the connectivity patterns of the lymph node conduit network affect the T cells collective exploration behavior. In particular, does the network display properties that are uniform across the whole volume of the lymph node or can we distinguish some heterogeneities? We propose a workflow to accurately and efficiently define and compute these quantities on large networks, which enables us to characterize heterogeneities within a very large published dataset of Lymph Node Conduit Network. To establish the significance of our results, we compared the results obtained on the lymph node to null models of varying complexity. We identified significantly heterogeneous regions characterized as "remote regions" at the poles and next to the medulla, while a large portion of the network promotes uniform exploration by T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Song
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, LIS Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Malek Senoussi
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, LIS Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Paul Escande
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
| | - Paul Villoutreix
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, LIS Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
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11
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Ozulumba T, Montalbine AN, Ortiz-Cárdenas JE, Pompano RR. New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183286. [PMID: 37234163 PMCID: PMC10206051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymph node is a highly structured organ that mediates the body's adaptive immune response to antigens and other foreign particles. Central to its function is the distinct spatial assortment of lymphocytes and stromal cells, as well as chemokines that drive the signaling cascades which underpin immune responses. Investigations of lymph node biology were historically explored in vivo in animal models, using technologies that were breakthroughs in their time such as immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, genetic reporters, in vivo two-photon imaging, and, more recently spatial biology techniques. However, new approaches are needed to enable tests of cell behavior and spatiotemporal dynamics under well controlled experimental perturbation, particularly for human immunity. This review presents a suite of technologies, comprising in vitro, ex vivo and in silico models, developed to study the lymph node or its components. We discuss the use of these tools to model cell behaviors in increasing order of complexity, from cell motility, to cell-cell interactions, to organ-level functions such as vaccination. Next, we identify current challenges regarding cell sourcing and culture, real time measurements of lymph node behavior in vivo and tool development for analysis and control of engineered cultures. Finally, we propose new research directions and offer our perspective on the future of this rapidly growing field. We anticipate that this review will be especially beneficial to immunologists looking to expand their toolkit for probing lymph node structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu Ozulumba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alyssa N. Montalbine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Ortiz-Cárdenas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca R. Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Carter Immunology Center and University of Virginia (UVA) Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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12
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Sahashi S, Shimada K, Takagi Y, Aoki T, Kunou S, Sakamoto A, Murase A, Furukawa K, Kagaya Y, Yamaga Y, Takai M, Tokuyama K, Shimada S, Nakamura S, Kiyoi H. Clinicopathological characteristics associated with the engraftment of patient lymphoma cells in NOG mice. Int J Hematol 2023:10.1007/s12185-023-03604-z. [PMID: 37129802 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models are useful for deepening our understanding of the biology of malignant lymphoma; however, factors associated with the success of the PDX lymphoma model are largely unknown. We retrospectively analyzed the characteristics of 66 xenotransplantations from 65 patients. In all, 43 (65%) specimens were obtained from patients aged > 60 years, and 42 (64%) specimens were obtained at diagnosis. Specimens were obtained from patients with the following diseases: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 30), intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (n = 12), follicular lymphoma (n = 8), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (n = 7), mantle cell lymphoma (n = 2), and other (n = 7). The specimens were sourced mainly from bone marrow (n = 31, 47%) and extranodal tumors (n = 13, 20%). Engraftment was successful in 33/66 (50%) xenotransplantations. The median age of patients who provided successful specimens was significantly higher than that for unsuccessful specimens (p = 0.013). Specimens with a high proportion of tumor cells in the graft and those obtained from patients with relapsed/refractory disease showed higher tendencies toward successful engraftment. Taken together, these data suggest that tumor cells with a highly malignant potential might have a high likelihood of engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Sahashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shimada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Takagi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Aoki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kunou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sakamoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Murase
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Katsuya Furukawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kagaya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamaga
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mika Takai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Tokuyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoko Shimada
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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13
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Li L, Wu L, Kensiski A, Zhao J, Shirkey MW, Song Y, Piao W, Zhang T, Mei Z, Gavzy SJ, Ma B, Saxena V, Lee YS, Xiong Y, Li X, Fan X, Abdi R, Bromberg JS. FRC transplantation restores lymph node conduit defects in laminin α4-deficient mice. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167816. [PMID: 37092548 PMCID: PMC10243809 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) play important roles in tolerance by producing laminin α4 (Lama4) and altering lymph node (LN) structure and function. The present study revealed the specific roles of extracellular matrix Lama4 in regulating LN conduits using FRC-specific KO mouse strains. FRC-derived Lama4 maintained conduit fiber integrity, as its depletion altered conduit morphology and structure and reduced homeostatic conduit flow. Lama4 regulated the lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) pathway, which is critical for conduit and LN integrity. Depleting LTβR in FRCs further reduced conduits and impaired reticular fibers. Lama4 was indispensable for FRC generation and survival, as FRCs lacking Lama4 displayed reduced proliferation but upregulated senescence and apoptosis. During acute immunization, FRC Lama4 deficiency increased antigen flow through conduits. Importantly, adoptive transfer of WT FRCs to FRC Lama4-deficient mice rescued conduit structure, ameliorated Treg and chemokine distribution, and restored transplant allograft acceptance, which were all impaired by FRC Lama4 depletion. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of LN stromal cells indicated that the laminin and collagen signaling pathways linked crosstalk among FRC subsets and endothelial cells. This study demonstrated that FRC Lama4 is responsible for maintaining conduits by FRCs and can be harnessed to potentiate FRC-based immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison Kensiski
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marina W. Shirkey
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenji Piao
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Samuel J. Gavzy
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Young S. Lee
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanbao Xiong
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Flow Cytometry Shared Service, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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14
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Cheong LY, Wang B, Wang Q, Jin L, Kwok KHM, Wu X, Shu L, Lin H, Chung SK, Cheng KKY, Hoo RLC, Xu A. Fibroblastic reticular cells in lymph node potentiate white adipose tissue beiging through neuro-immune crosstalk in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1213. [PMID: 36869026 PMCID: PMC9984541 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are always embedded in the metabolically-active white adipose tissue (WAT), whereas their functional relationship remains obscure. Here, we identify fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in inguinal LNs (iLNs) as a major source of IL-33 in mediating cold-induced beiging and thermogenesis of subcutaneous WAT (scWAT). Depletion of iLNs in male mice results in defective cold-induced beiging of scWAT. Mechanistically, cold-enhanced sympathetic outflow to iLNs activates β1- and β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling in FRCs to facilitate IL-33 release into iLN-surrounding scWAT, where IL-33 activates type 2 immune response to potentiate biogenesis of beige adipocytes. Cold-induced beiging of scWAT is abrogated by selective ablation of IL-33 or β1- and β2-AR in FRCs, or sympathetic denervation of iLNs, whereas replenishment of IL-33 reverses the impaired cold-induced beiging in iLN-deficient mice. Taken together, our study uncovers an unexpected role of FRCs in iLNs in mediating neuro-immune interaction to maintain energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Yee Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baile Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leigang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin H M Kwok
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huige Lin
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Kenneth K Y Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruby L C Hoo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Asl ER, Rostamzadeh D, Duijf PHG, Mafi S, Mansoori B, Barati S, Cho WC, Mansoori B. Mutant P53 in the formation and progression of the tumor microenvironment: Friend or foe. Life Sci 2023; 315:121361. [PMID: 36608871 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. It encodes the tumor suppressor protein p53, which suppresses tumorigenesis by acting as a critical transcription factor that can induce the expression of many genes controlling a plethora of fundamental cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, survival, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Missense mutations are the most frequent type of mutations in the TP53 gene. While these can have variable effects, they typically impair p53 function in a dominant-negative manner, thereby altering intra-cellular signaling pathways and promoting cancer development. Additionally, it is becoming increasingly apparent that p53 mutations also have non-cell autonomous effects that influence the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is a complex and heterogeneous milieu composed of both malignant and non-malignant cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), adipocytes, pericytes, different immune cell types, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T and B lymphocytes, as well as lymphatic and blood vessels and extracellular matrix (ECM). Recently, a large body of evidence has demonstrated that various types of p53 mutations directly affect TME. They fine-tune the inflammatory TME and cell fate reprogramming, which affect cancer progression. Notably, re-educating the p53 signaling pathway in the TME may be an effective therapeutic strategy in combating cancer. Therefore, it is timely to here review the recent advances in our understanding of how TP53 mutations impact the fate of cancer cells by reshaping the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Roshani Asl
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Cancer and Aging Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sahar Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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16
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Phillips EH, Bindokas VP, Jung D, Teamer J, Kitajewski JK, Solaro RJ, Wolska BM, Lee SSY. Three-dimensional spatial quantitative analysis of cardiac lymphatics in the mouse heart. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526338. [PMID: 36778334 PMCID: PMC9915594 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective 3D microscopy and image data analysis are necessary for studying the morphology of cardiac lymphatic vessels (LyVs) and association with other cell types. We aimed to develop a methodology for 3D multiplexed lightsheet microscopy and highly sensitive and quantitative image analysis to identify pathological remodeling in the 3D morphology of LyVs in young adult mouse hearts with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods We developed a 3D lightsheet microscopy workflow providing a quick turn-around (as few as 5-6 days), multiplex fluorescence detection, and preservation of LyV structure and epitope markers. Hearts from non-transgenic (NTG) and transgenic (TG) HCM mice were arrested in diastole, retrograde perfused, immunolabeled, optically cleared, and imaged. We built an image processing pipeline to quantify LyV morphological parameters at the chamber and branch levels. Results Chamber-specific pathological alterations of LyVs were identified, but most significantly in the right atrium (RA). TG hearts had a higher volume fraction of ER-TR7 + fibroblasts and reticular fibers. In the RA, we found associations between ER-TR7 + volume fraction and both LyV segment density and median diameter. Conclusions This workflow and study enabled multi-scale analysis of pathological changes in cardiac LyVs of young adult mice, inviting ideas for research on LyVs in cardiac disease.
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17
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Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells Attenuate Immune Responses Through Induction of Tolerogenic Macrophages at Early Stage of Transplantation. Transplantation 2023; 107:140-155. [PMID: 35876378 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are a type of stromal cells located in the T zone in secondary lymphoid organs. Previous studies showed that FRCs possess the potential to promote myeloid differentiation. We aim to investigate whether FRCs in lymph nodes (LNs) could induce tolerogenic macrophage generation and further influence T-cell immunity at an early stage of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS LNs were assayed to confirm the existence of proliferating macrophages after allo-HSCT. Ex vivo-expanded FRCs and bone marrow cells were cocultured to verify the generation of macrophages. Real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA assays were performed to observe the cytokines expressed by FRC. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to compare the difference between FRC-induced macrophages (FMs) and conventional macrophages. Mixed lymphocyte reaction and the utilization of FMs in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) mice were used to test the inhibitory function of FMs in T-cell immunity in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found a large number of proliferating macrophages near FRCs in LNs with tolerogenic phenotype under allo-HSCT conditions. Neutralizing anti-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor antibody abolished FMs generation in vitro. Phenotypic analysis and transcriptome sequencing suggested FMs possessed immunoinhibitory function. Mixed lymphocyte reaction proved that FMs could inhibit T-cell activation and differentiation toward Th1/Tc1 cells. Injection of FMs in aGVHD mice effectively attenuated aGVHD severity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS This study has revealed a novel mechanism of immune regulation through the generation of FRC-induced tolerogenic macrophages in LNs at an early stage of allo-HSCT.
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18
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Ramirez A, Merwitz B, Lee H, Vaughan E, Maisel K. Multiple particle tracking (MPT) using PEGylated nanoparticles reveals heterogeneity within murine lymph nodes and between lymph nodes at different locations. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6992-7003. [PMID: 36322022 PMCID: PMC10084584 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00816e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are highly structured lymphoid organs that compartmentalize B and T cells in the outer cortex and inner paracortex, respectively, and are supported by a collagen-rich reticular network. Tissue material properties like viscoelasticity and diffusion of materials within extracellular spaces and their implications on cellular behavior and therapeutic delivery have been a recent topic of investigation. Here, we developed a nanoparticle system to investigate the rheological properties, including pore size and viscoelasticity, through multiple particle tracking (MPT) combined with LN slice cultures. Dense coatings with polyethylene glycol (PEG) allow nanoparticles to diffuse within the LN extracellular spaces. Despite differences in function in B and T cell zones, we found that extracellular tissue properties and mesh spacing do not change significantly in the cortex and paracortex, though nanoparticle diffusion was slightly reduced in B cell zones. Interestingly, our data suggest that LN pore sizes are smaller than the previously predicted 10-20 μm, with pore sizes ranging from 500 nm-1.5 μm. Our studies also confirm that LNs exhibit viscoelastic properties, with an initial solid-like response followed by stress-relaxation at higher frequencies. Finally, we found that nanoparticle diffusion is dependent on LN location, with nanoparticles in skin draining LNs exhibiting a higher diffusion coefficient and pore size compared to mesenteric LNs. Our data shed new light onto LN interstitial tissue properties, pore size, and define surface chemistry parameters required for nanoparticles to diffuse within LN interstitium. Our studies also provide both a tool for studying LN interstitium and developing design criteria for nanoparticles targeting LN interstitial spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ramirez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Brooke Merwitz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Hannah Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Erik Vaughan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Katharina Maisel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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19
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Daniel L, Bhattacharyya ND, Counoupas C, Cai Y, Chen X, Triccas JA, Britton WJ, Feng CG. Stromal structure remodeling by B lymphocytes limits T cell activation in lymph nodes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157873. [PMID: 36317628 PMCID: PMC9621141 DOI: 10.1172/jci157873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective adaptive immune response depends on the organized architecture of secondary lymphoid organs, including the lymph nodes (LNs). While the cellular composition and microanatomy of LNs under steady state are well defined, the impact of chronic tissue inflammation on the structure and function of draining LNs is incompletely understood. Here we showed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remodeled LN architecture by increasing the number and paracortical translocation of B cells. The formation of paracortical B lymphocyte and CD35+ follicular dendritic cell clusters dispersed CCL21-producing fibroblastic reticular cells and segregated pathogen-containing myeloid cells from antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Depletion of B cells restored the chemokine and lymphoid structure and reduced bacterial burdens in LNs of the chronically infected mice. Importantly, this remodeling process impaired activation of naive CD4+ T cells in response to mycobacterial and unrelated antigens during chronic tuberculosis infection. Our studies reveal a mechanism in the regulation of LN microanatomy during inflammation and identify B cells as a critical element limiting the T cell response to persistent intracellular infection in LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Daniel
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health.,Centenary Institute.,Charles Perkins Centre, and
| | - Nayan D Bhattacharyya
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health.,Centenary Institute.,Charles Perkins Centre, and
| | - Claudio Counoupas
- Centenary Institute.,Charles Perkins Centre, and.,Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - James A Triccas
- Centenary Institute.,Charles Perkins Centre, and.,Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Centenary Institute.,The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carl G Feng
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health.,Centenary Institute.,Charles Perkins Centre, and.,The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Kwok T, Medovich SC, Silva-Junior IA, Brown EM, Haug JC, Barrios MR, Morris KA, Lancaster JN. Age-Associated Changes to Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:838943. [PMID: 35821826 PMCID: PMC9261404 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.838943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The decreased proportion of antigen-inexperienced, naïve T cells is a hallmark of aging in both humans and mice, and contributes to reduced immune responses, particularly against novel and re-emerging pathogens. Naïve T cells depend on survival signals received during their circulation among the lymph nodes by direct contacts with stroma, in particular fibroblastic reticular cells. Macroscopic changes to the architecture of the lymph nodes have been described, but it is unclear how lymph node stroma are altered with age, and whether these changes contribute to reduced naïve T cell maintenance. Here, using 2-photon microscopy, we determined that the aged lymph node displayed increased fibrosis and correspondingly, that naïve T-cell motility was impaired in the aged lymph node, especially in proximity to fibrotic deposition. Functionally, adoptively transferred young naïve T-cells exhibited reduced homeostatic turnover in aged hosts, supporting the role of T cell-extrinsic mechanisms that regulate their survival. Further, we determined that early development of resident fibroblastic reticular cells was impaired, which may correlate to the declining levels of naïve T-cell homeostatic factors observed in aged lymph nodes. Thus, our study addresses the controversy as to whether aging impacts the composition lymph node stroma and supports a model in which impaired differentiation of lymph node fibroblasts and increased fibrosis inhibits the interactions necessary for naïve T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kwok
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - Elise M Brown
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Joel C Haug
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | | | - Karina A Morris
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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21
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Ozawa M, Nakajima S, Kobayashi D, Tomii K, Li NJ, Watarai T, Suzuki R, Watanabe S, Kanda Y, Takeuchi A, Katakai T. Micro- and Macro-Anatomical Frameworks of Lymph Nodes Indispensable for the Lymphatic System Filtering Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902601. [PMID: 35794860 PMCID: PMC9251010 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the lymphatic vascular system, lymph nodes (LNs) play a pivotal role in filtering and removing lymph-borne substances. The filtering function of LNs involves resident macrophages tightly associated with unique lymphatic sinus structures. Moreover, an intermittently arranged LN in the lymphatic pathway is considered to cooperatively prevent lymph-borne substances from entering blood circulation. However, the functional significance of tissue microarchitecture, cellular composition, and individual LNs in the “LN chain” system is not fully understood. To explore the mechanistic and histo-anatomical significance of LNs as lymph fluid filters, we subcutaneously injected fluorescent tracers into mice and examined the details of lymphatic transport to the LNs qualitatively and quantitatively. Lymph-borne tracers were selectively accumulated in the MARCO+ subcapsular-medullary sinus border (SMB) region of the LN, in which reticular lymphatic endothelial cells and CD169+F4/80+ medullary sinus macrophages construct a dense meshwork of the physical barrier, forming the main body to capture the tracers. We also demonstrated stepwise filtration via the LN chain in the lymphatic basin, which prevented tracer leakage into the blood. Furthermore, inflammatory responses that induce the remodeling of LN tissue as well as the lymphatic pathway reinforce the overall filtering capacity of the lymphatic basin. Taken together, specialized tissue infrastructure in the LNs and their systematic orchestration constitute an integrated filtering system for lymphatic recirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shihori Nakajima
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daichi Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomii
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nan-Jun Li
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoya Watarai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kanda
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Arata Takeuchi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Katakai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tomoya Katakai,
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22
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Kim D, Kim M, Kim TW, Choe YH, Noh HS, Jeon HM, Kim H, Lee Y, Hur G, Lee KM, Shin K, Lee SI, Lee SH. Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells regulate differentiation and function of CD4 T cells via CD25. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20200795. [PMID: 35315876 PMCID: PMC8943836 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells (LN-FRCs) provide functional structure to LNs and play important roles in interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. However, the direct impact of LN-FRCs on naive CD4+ T cell differentiation has not been explored. Here, we show that T cell zone FRCs of LNs (LN-TRCs) express CD25, the α chain of the IL-2 receptor heterotrimer. Moreover, LN-TRCs trans-present IL-2 to naive CD4+ T cells through CD25, thereby facilitating early IL-2-mediated signaling. CD25-deficient LN-TRCs exhibit attenuated STAT5 phosphorylation in naive CD4+ T cells during T cell differentiation, promoting T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation and Th17 response-related gene expression. In experimental autoimmune disease models, disease severity was elevated in mice lacking CD25 in LN-TRCs. Therefore, our results suggest that CD25 expression on LN-TRCs regulates CD4+ T cell differentiation by modulating early IL-2 signaling of neighboring, naive CD4+ T cells, influencing the overall properties of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongeon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Mingyo Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-ho Choe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hae Sook Noh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jeon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - HyunSeok Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gayeong Hur
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- R&D Division, GenoFocus Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kihyuk Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sang-il Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyo Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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23
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Jiang L, Yilmaz M, Uehara M, Cavazzoni CB, Kasinath V, Zhao J, Naini SM, Li X, Banouni N, Fiorina P, Shin SR, Tullius SG, Bromberg JS, Sage PT, Abdi R. Characterization of Leptin Receptor + Stromal Cells in Lymph Node. Front Immunol 2022; 12:730438. [PMID: 35111151 PMCID: PMC8801441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN)-resident stromal cells play an essential role in the proper functioning of LNs. The stromal compartment of the LN undergoes significant compensatory changes to produce a milieu amenable for regulation of the immune response. We have identified a distinct population of leptin receptor-expressing (LepR+) stromal cells, located in the vicinity of the high endothelial venules (HEVs) and lymphatics. These LepR+ stromal cells expressed markers for fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), but they lacked markers for follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and marginal reticular cells (MRCs). Leptin signaling deficiency led to heightened inflammatory responses within the LNs of db/db mice, leakiness of HEVs, and lymphatic fragmentation. Leptin signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway supported LN stromal cell survival and promoted the anti-inflammatory properties of these cells. Conditional knockout of the LepR+ stromal cells in LNs resulted in HEV and extracellular matrix (ECM) abnormalities. Treatment of ob/ob mice with an agonist leptin fusion protein restored the microarchitecture of LNs, reduced intra-LN inflammatory responses, and corrected metabolic abnormalities. Future studies are needed to study the importance of LN stomal cell dysfunction to the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Mine Yilmaz
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cecilia B. Cavazzoni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Said Movahedi Naini
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Li X, Zhao J, Naini SM, Sabiu G, Tullius SG, Shin SR, Bromberg JS, Fiorina P, Tsokos GC, Abdi R, Kasinath V. Kidney-Draining Lymph Node Fibrosis Following Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:768412. [PMID: 35024041 PMCID: PMC8744208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the primary organ has been the subject of intense investigation in the field of organ fibrosis over the past several decades, the presence of lymph node fibrosis due to persistent activation of the immune response in its partner organ remains largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that activation of the immune response following ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in the kidney was associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) production by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) of the kidney-draining lymph node (KLN). Here, we sought to determine whether FRCs in the KLN become similarly fibrogenic following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) of the kidney. We subjected 6-8-week-old C57BL/6J mice to UUO for 2, 7, and 14 days. We examined the microarchitecture of the kidney and KLN by immunofluorescence staining at each timepoint, and we quantified immune cell populations in the KLN by flow cytometry. The contralateral kidney unaffected by UUO and its partner KLN were used as controls. We found through immunofluorescence staining that FRCs increased production of ECM fibers and remodeled the microarchitecture of the UUO KLN, contributing to fibrosis that mirrored the changes in the kidney. We also observed by flow cytometry that the populations of CD11b+ antigen-presenting cells, CD11c+ dendritic cells, and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in the UUO KLN than the KLN draining the unaffected contralateral kidney. Expression of the TGFβ/TGFβR signaling pathway was upregulated and colocalized with FRCs in the UUO KLNs, suggesting a possible mechanism behind the fibrosis. Both release of ureteral ligation at 2 days following UUO and depletion of FRCs at the time of injury onset halted the progression of fibrosis in both the kidney and the KLN. These findings for the first time highlight the association between fibrosis both in the kidney and the KLN during UUO, and they lay the groundwork for future studies that will investigate more deeply the mechanisms behind the connection between FRCs and KLN fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Said Movahedi Naini
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gianmarco Sabiu
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, United States
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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25
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Onder L, Cheng HW, Ludewig B. Visualization and functional characterization of lymphoid organ fibroblasts. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:108-122. [PMID: 34866192 PMCID: PMC9300201 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are specialized stromal cells of lymphoid organs that generate the structural foundation of the tissue and actively interact with immune cells. Distinct FRC subsets position lymphocytes and myeloid cells in specialized niches where they present processed or native antigen and provide essential growth factors and cytokines for immune cell activation and differentiation. Niche‐specific functions of FRC subpopulations have been defined using genetic targeting, high‐dimensional transcriptomic analyses, and advanced imaging methods. Here, we review recent findings on FRC‐immune cell interaction and the elaboration of FRC development and differentiation. We discuss how imaging approaches have not only shaped our understanding of FRC biology, but have critically advanced the niche concept of immune cell maintenance and control of immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
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26
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Cakala-Jakimowicz M, Kolodziej-Wojnar P, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M. Aging-Related Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymph Nodes: A Significant Component of Immunosenescence? An Overview. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113148. [PMID: 34831371 PMCID: PMC8621398 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging affects all tissues and organs. Aging of the immune system results in the severe disruption of its functions, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections, an increase in autoimmune disorders and cancer incidence, and a decreased response to vaccines. Lymph nodes are precisely organized structures of the peripheral lymphoid organs and are the key sites coordinating innate and long-term adaptive immune responses to external antigens and vaccines. They are also involved in immune tolerance. The aging of lymph nodes results in decreased cell transport to and within the nodes, a disturbance in the structure and organization of nodal zones, incorrect location of individual immune cell types and impaired intercellular interactions, as well as changes in the production of adequate amounts of chemokines and cytokines necessary for immune cell proliferation, survival and function, impaired naïve T- and B-cell homeostasis, and a diminished long-term humoral response. Understanding the causes of these stromal and lymphoid microenvironment changes in the lymph nodes that cause the aging-related dysfunction of the immune system can help to improve long-term immune responses and the effectiveness of vaccines in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cakala-Jakimowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Paulina Kolodziej-Wojnar
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
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27
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He Y, Liu T, Dai S, Xu Z, Wang L, Luo F. Tumor-Associated Extracellular Matrix: How to Be a Potential Aide to Anti-tumor Immunotherapy? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739161. [PMID: 34733848 PMCID: PMC8558531 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade therapy, has made major breakthroughs in the therapy of cancers. However, less than one-third of the cancer patients obtain significant and long-lasting therapeutic effects by cancer immunotherapy. Over the past few decades, cancer-related inflammations have been gradually more familiar to us. It’s known that chronic inflammation in tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a predominant role in tumor immunosuppression. Tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM), as a core member of TME, has been a research hotspot recently. A growing number of studies indicate that tumor-associated ECM is one of the major obstacles to realizing more successful cases of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discussed the potential application of tumor-associated ECM in the cancer immunity and its aide potentialities to anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Oncology Department, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Poirot J, Medvedovic J, Trichot C, Soumelis V. Compartmentalized multicellular crosstalk in lymph nodes coordinates the generation of potent cellular and humoral immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:3146-3160. [PMID: 34606627 PMCID: PMC9298410 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Distributed throughout the body, lymph nodes (LNs) constitute an important crossroad where resident and migratory immune cells interact to initiate antigen‐specific immune responses supported by a dynamic 3‐dimensional network of stromal cells, that is, endothelial cells and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). LNs are organized into four major subanatomically separated compartments: the subcapsular sinus (SSC), the paracortex, the cortex, and the medulla. Each compartment is underpinned by particular FRC subsets that physically support LN architecture and delineate functional immune niches by appropriately providing environmental cues, nutrients, and survival factors to the immune cell subsets they interact with. In this review, we discuss how FRCs drive the structural and functional organization of each compartment to give rise to prosperous interactions and coordinate immune cell activities. We also discuss how reciprocal communication makes FRCs and immune cells perfect compatible partners for the generation of potent cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Poirot
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Saint Aubin, France
| | | | | | - Vassili Soumelis
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire d'Immunologie-Histocompatibilité, Paris, France
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29
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Heesters BA, van Megesen K, Tomris I, de Vries RP, Magri G, Spits H. Characterization of human FDCs reveals regulation of T cells and antigen presentation to B cells. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210790. [PMID: 34424268 PMCID: PMC8404474 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal-derived follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are essential for germinal centers (GCs), the site where B cells maturate their antibodies. FDCs present native antigen to B cells and maintain a CXCL13 gradient to form the B cell follicle. Yet despite their essential role, the transcriptome of human FDCs remains undefined. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and microarray, we provided the transcriptome of these enigmatic cells as a comprehensive resource. Key genes were validated by flow cytometry and microscopy. Surprisingly, marginal reticular cells (MRCs) rather than FDCs expressed B cell activating factor (BAFF). Furthermore, we found that human FDCs expressed TLR4 and can alter antigen availability in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). High expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on FDCs activated PD1 on T cells. In addition, we found expression of genes related to T cell regulation, such as HLA-DRA, CD40, and others. These data suggest intimate contact between human FDCs and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balthasar A. Heesters
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kyah van Megesen
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ilhan Tomris
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giuliana Magri
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hergen Spits
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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30
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Kanda Y, Okazaki T, Katakai T. Motility Dynamics of T Cells in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes: A Rational Indicator of Antitumor Response and Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4616. [PMID: 34572844 PMCID: PMC8465463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration status of T cells within the densely packed tissue environment of lymph nodes reflects the ongoing activation state of adaptive immune responses. Upon encountering antigen-presenting dendritic cells, actively migrating T cells that are specific to cognate antigens slow down and are eventually arrested on dendritic cells to form immunological synapses. This dynamic transition of T cell motility is a fundamental strategy for the efficient scanning of antigens, followed by obtaining the adequate activation signals. After receiving antigenic stimuli, T cells begin to proliferate, and the expression of immunoregulatory receptors (such as CTLA-4 and PD-1) is induced on their surface. Recent findings have revealed that these 'immune checkpoint' molecules control the activation as well as motility of T cells in various situations. Therefore, the outcome of tumor immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors is assumed to be closely related to the alteration of T cell motility, particularly in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). In this review, we discuss the migration dynamics of T cells during their activation in TDLNs, and the roles of checkpoint molecules in T cell motility, to provide some insight into the effect of tumor immunotherapy via checkpoint blockade, in terms of T cell dynamics and the importance of TDLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kanda
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 950-8510, Japan;
| | - Taku Okazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan;
| | - Tomoya Katakai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 950-8510, Japan;
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Lumer L, Wurzel P, Scharf S, Schäfer H, Ackermann J, Koch I, Hansmann ML. 3D connectomes of reactive and neoplastic CD30 positive lymphoid cells and surrounding cell types. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151750. [PMID: 34233254 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is one of the most common malignant lymphomas in Western Europe. It is diagnosed on the basis of histological sections by pathologists using a light microscope. The tumor cells, the Hodgkin- and Reed Sternberg cells (HRS), are visualized by morphology and positive response for the CD30-antigen. The same antigen can also be detected by immunohistochemistry on a reactive counterpart, showing CD30+ cells in special immunoreactions, such as inflammations of lymph nodes (lymphadenitis). CD30+ cells in reactive and neoplastic conditions are surrounded by lymphocytes and histiocytes, forming a micromilieu that enables the survival of the tumor cells, as well as their reactive counterparts. This study deals with an investigation of CD30+-surrounding cells using a confocal laser technology, visualizing the contacts of reactive and neoplastic CD30+ cells with CD68+ macrophages and CD163+ macrophages as well as to PD1+ lymphocytes and B cells (CD20+). CD4 immunostains were not included, because CD4+ cells were too numerous for clear dissection of single cells. 3D images visualized the, so-called, connectomes. Clear differences in the number of contacts between CD30-reactive and neoplastic cells (HRS) with macrophages and B lymphocytes were visible. Lymphadenitis and Mixed Cellularity type of classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) differed in that Mixed Cellularity (MC) cHL had more connections to macrophages (CD163+) and lower number of connections to B cells (CD20+). The connectomes of both Hodgkin variants MCcHL and Nodular Sclerosis cHL (NScHL) mainly differed in the number of contacts to CD163+ macrophages, which was higher in MCcHL. Investigating the volumes of CD30+ -reactive and neoplastic cells, we found out that reactive cells showed lesser volumes, which correlated with the number of contacts. The comparison between 2D and 3D images, including 3D prints, demonstrated clear advantages of the 3D method. 3D images visualized significantly more and clearly defined intercellular contacts. Complicated cellular networks and their contacts became especially evident in volume and surface evaluations, as well as in 3D prints.
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32
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Choe K, Moon J, Lee SY, Song E, Back JH, Song JH, Hyun YM, Uchimura K, Kim P. Stepwise transmigration of T- and B cells through a perivascular channel in high endothelial venules. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/8/e202101086. [PMID: 34187874 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High endothelial venules (HEVs) effectively recruit circulating lymphocytes from the blood to lymph nodes. HEVs have endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular sheaths consisting of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). Yet, post-luminal lymphocyte migration steps are not well elucidated. Herein, we performed intravital imaging to investigate post-luminal T- and B-cell migration in popliteal lymph node, consisting of trans-EC migration, crawling in the perivascular channel (a narrow space between ECs and FRCs) and trans-FRC migration. The post-luminal migration of T cells occurred in a PNAd-dependent manner. Remarkably, we found hot spots for the trans-EC and trans-FRC migration of T- and B cells. Interestingly, T- and B cells preferentially shared trans-FRC migration hot spots but not trans-EC migration hot spots. Furthermore, the trans-FRC T-cell migration was confined to fewer sites than trans-EC T-cell migration, and trans-FRC migration of T- and B cells preferentially occurred at FRCs covered by CD11c+ dendritic cells in HEVs. These results suggest that HEV ECs and FRCs with perivascular DCs delicately regulate T- and B-cell entry into peripheral lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibaek Choe
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Moon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yun Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Song
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Back
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hye Song
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea .,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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33
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Correa-Gallegos D, Jiang D, Rinkevich Y. Fibroblasts as confederates of the immune system. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:147-162. [PMID: 34036608 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic stromal cells are as diverse, in origin and function, as the niches they fashion in the mammalian body. This cellular variety impacts the spectrum of responses elicited by the immune system. Fibroblast influence on the immune system keeps evolving our perspective on fibroblast roles and functions beyond just a passive structural part of organs. This review discusses the foundations of fibroblastic stromal-immune crosstalk, under the scope of stromal heterogeneity as a basis for tissue-specific tutoring of the immune system. Focusing on the skin as a relevant immunological organ, we detail the complex interactions between distinct fibroblast populations and immune cells that occur during homeostasis, injury repair, scarring, and disease. We further review the relevance of fibroblastic stromal cell heterogeneity and how this heterogeneity is central to regulate the immune system from its inception during embryonic development into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Correa-Gallegos
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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34
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Cinti I, Denton AE. Lymphoid stromal cells-more than just a highway to humoral immunity. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab011. [PMID: 36845565 PMCID: PMC9914513 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of high-affinity long-lived antibody responses is dependent on the differentiation of plasma cells and memory B cells, which are themselves the product of the germinal centre (GC) response. The GC forms in secondary lymphoid organs in response to antigenic stimulation and is dependent on the coordinated interactions between many types of leucocytes. These leucocytes are brought together on an interconnected network of specialized lymphoid stromal cells, which provide physical and chemical guidance to immune cells that are essential for the GC response. In this review we will highlight recent advancements in lymphoid stromal cell immunobiology and their role in regulating the GC, and discuss the contribution of lymphoid stromal cells to age-associated immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Cinti
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alice E Denton
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London W12 0NN, UK,Correspondence address. Alice E. Denton, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK. Tel:+44 (0)20 3313 8213. E-mail:
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35
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Lian J, Ozga AJ, Sokol CL, Luster AD. Targeting Lymph Node Niches Enhances Type 1 Immune Responses to Immunization. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107679. [PMID: 32460031 PMCID: PMC7369031 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating robust CD4+ T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) responses is essential for protective vaccine-induced type 1 immunity. Here, we examine whether immunization formulation associated with enhanced vaccine efficacy promotes antigen targeting and cell recruitment into lymph node (LN) niches associated with optimal type 1 responses. Immunization with antigen and Toll-like receptor agonist emulsified in oil leads to an increased differentiation of IFNγ/TNF-α+ polyfunctional Th1 cells compared to an identical immunization in saline. Oil immunization results in a rapid delivery and persistence of antigen in interfollicular regions (IFRs) of the LN, whereas without oil, antigen is distributed in the medullary region. Following oil immunization, CXCL10-producing inflammatory monocytes accumulate in the IFR, which mobilizes antigen-specific CD4+ T cells into this niche. In this microenvironment, CD4+ T cells are advantageously positioned to encounter arriving IL-12-producing inflammatory dendritic cells (DCs). These data suggest that formulations delivering antigen to the LN IFR create an inflammatory niche that can improve vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Lian
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aleksandra J Ozga
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Caroline L Sokol
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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36
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Tamagne M, Pakdaman S, Bartolucci P, Habibi A, Galactéros F, Pirenne F, Vingert B. Whole-blood CCR7 expression and chemoattraction in red blood cell alloimmunization. Br J Haematol 2021; 194:477-481. [PMID: 33901302 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tamagne
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, Ivry sur Seine, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sadaf Pakdaman
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, Ivry sur Seine, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Bartolucci
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, Ivry sur Seine, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Service Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A, Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Anoosha Habibi
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, Ivry sur Seine, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Service Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A, Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Galactéros
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, Ivry sur Seine, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Service Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A, Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - France Pirenne
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, Ivry sur Seine, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Vingert
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, Ivry sur Seine, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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37
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Ren Z, Gao P, Okyere SK, Cui Y, Wen J, Jing B, Deng J, Hu Y. Ageratina adenophora Inhibits Spleen Immune Function in Rats via the Loss of the FRC Network and Th1-Th2 Cell Ratio Elevation. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050309. [PMID: 33926136 PMCID: PMC8145992 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of Ageratina adenophora (A. adenophora) on splenic immune function in a rat model. Rats were fed with 10 g/100 g normal feed and an experimental feed, which was composed of 3:7 A. adenophora powder and normal feed for 60 days. On days 14, 28, and 60, subsets of rats (n = 8 rats/group/time point) were selected for blood and spleen tissue sample collection. The results showed that the proportion of CD3+ T cells in the spleen was decreased at day 60 (vs. control). Also, mRNA and protein expression of chemokines CCL21 and CCL19 and functional protein gp38 in spleen decreased significantly versus the control at day 60. In addition, ER-TR7 antigen protein expression was also decreased at day 60. Levels of T-helper (Th)1 cells significantly increased, whereas those of Th2 cells decreased significantly versus the control at day 60 in spleen. The finding revealed that A. adenophora could affect splenic immune function in rats by altering the fibroblast reticulocyte (FRC) network, as well as by causing an imbalance in Th1/Th2 cell ratios. This research provides new insights into potential mechanisms of spleen immunotoxicity due to exposures to A. Adenophora.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanchun Hu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-28-8629-1162
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38
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Novkovic M, Onder L, Bocharov G, Ludewig B. Topological Structure and Robustness of the Lymph Node Conduit System. Cell Rep 2021; 30:893-904.e6. [PMID: 31968261 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) form a road-like cellular network in lymph nodes (LNs) that provides essential chemotactic, survival, and regulatory signals for immune cells. While the topological characteristics of the FRC network have been elaborated, the network properties of the micro-tubular conduit system generated by FRCs, which drains lymph fluid through a pipeline-like system to distribute small molecules and antigens, has remained unexplored. Here, we quantify the crucial 3D morphometric parameters and determine the topological properties governing the structural organization of the intertwined networks. We find that the conduit system exhibits lesser small-worldness and lower resilience to perturbation compared to the FRC network, while the robust topological organization of both networks is maintained in a lymphotoxin-β-receptor-independent manner. Overall, the high-resolution topological analysis of the "roads-and-pipes" networks highlights essential parameters underlying the functional organization of LN micro-environments and will, hence, advance the development of multi-scale LN models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Gennady Bocharov
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia; Institute for Personalized Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland.
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39
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Scholz EMB, Kashuba ADM. The Lymph Node Reservoir: Physiology, HIV Infection, and Antiretroviral Therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 109:918-927. [PMID: 33529355 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment, finding a cure for HIV remains a top priority. Chronic HIV infection is associated with increased risk of comorbidities, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, people living with HIV must remain adherent to daily antiretroviral therapy, because lapses in medication adherence can lead to viral rebound and disease progression. Viral recrudescence occurs from cellular reservoirs in lymphoid tissues. In particular, lymph nodes are central to the pathology of HIV due to their unique architecture and compartmentalization of immune cells. Understanding how antiretrovirals (ARVs) penetrate lymph nodes may explain why these tissues are maintained as HIV reservoirs, and how they contribute to viral rebound upon treatment interruption. In this report, we review (i) the physiology of the lymph nodes and their function as part of the immune and lymphatic systems, (ii) the pathogenesis and outcomes of HIV infection in lymph nodes, and (iii) ARV concentrations and distribution in lymph nodes, and the relationship between ARVs and HIV in this important reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M B Scholz
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angela D M Kashuba
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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40
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Thomos M, Wurzel P, Scharf S, Koch I, Hansmann ML. 3D investigation shows walls and wall-like structures around human germinal centres, probably regulating T- and B-cell entry and exit. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242177. [PMID: 33170900 PMCID: PMC7654765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with 3D laser investigation on the border between the human lymph node T-zone and germinal centre. Only a few T-cells specific for antigen selected B-cells are allowed to enter germinal centres. This selection process is guided by sinus structures, chemokine gradients and inherent motility of the lymphoid cells. We measured gaps and wall-like structures manually, using IMARIS, a 3D image software for analysis and interpretation of microscopy datasets. In this paper, we describe alpha-actin positive and semipermeable walls and wall-like structures that may hinder T-cells and other cell types from entering germinal centres. Some clearly defined holes or gaps probably regulate lymphoid traffic between T- and B-cell areas. In lymphadenitis, the morphology of this border structure is clearly defined. However, in case of malignant lymphoma, the wall-like structure is disrupted. This has been demonstrated exemplarily in case of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. We revealed significant differences of lengths of the wall-like structures in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma in comparison with wall-like structures in reactive tissue slices. The alterations of morphological structures lead to abnormal and less controlled T- and B-cell distributions probably preventing the immune defence against tumour cells and infectious agents by dysregulating immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Thomos
- Reference and Consultant Center of Lymph Node and Lymphoma Pathology at Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt/Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Patrick Wurzel
- Department of Molecular Bioinformatics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Hessen, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt/Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Sonja Scharf
- Department of Molecular Bioinformatics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Hessen, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt/Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Ina Koch
- Department of Molecular Bioinformatics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Reference and Consultant Center of Lymph Node and Lymphoma Pathology at Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt/Main, Hessen, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt/Main, Hessen, Germany
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41
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Misiak J, Jean R, Rodriguez S, Deleurme L, Lamy T, Tarte K, Amé-Thomas P. Human Lymphoid Stromal Cells Contribute to Polarization of Follicular T Cells Into IL-4 Secreting Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:559866. [PMID: 33133070 PMCID: PMC7562812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.559866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are the specialized lymphoid stromal cells initially identified as triggering T-cell recruitment and dynamic motion in secondary lymphoid organs. Interestingly, FRCs also display antigen presentation capacities and support lymphocyte survival. CXCR5+CD4+ follicular T cells are important players of B-cell maturation and antibody response. Our study reported that in vitro-differentiated FRC-like cells enhanced the growth of the whole CXCR5+CD4+ T-cell compartment, while enhancing IL-4 secretion specifically by the PD1dimCXCR5+CD4+ cell subset, in a Notch- and ICAM1/LFA1-dependent manner. In addition, we revealed that in follicular lymphoma (FL) tissues, previously identified as enriched for PD1hiCXCR5hiCD4+ mature follicular helper T cells, PD1dimCXCR5+CD4+ T cells displayed an enrichment for Notch and integrin gene signatures, and a Notch and ICAM-1-dependent overexpression of IL-4 compared to their non-malignant counterparts. These findings suggest that the crosstalk between FRCs and CXCR5+PD1dimCD4+ T cells may contribute to the FL IL-4 rich environment, thus providing new insights in FL lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Misiak
- INSERM U1236, Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, LabEx IGO, Rennes, France
| | - Rachel Jean
- INSERM U1236, Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, LabEx IGO, Rennes, France.,CHU de Rennes, Pôle Biologie, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Rodriguez
- INSERM U1236, Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, LabEx IGO, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Deleurme
- INSERM U1236, Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, LabEx IGO, Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, CNRS, Inserm, BIOSIT (Biologie, Santé, Innovation Technologique de Rennes)-Unité Mixte de Service 3480, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Lamy
- INSERM U1236, Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, LabEx IGO, Rennes, France.,CHU de Rennes, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- INSERM U1236, Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, LabEx IGO, Rennes, France.,CHU de Rennes, Pôle Biologie, Rennes, France
| | - Patricia Amé-Thomas
- INSERM U1236, Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, LabEx IGO, Rennes, France.,CHU de Rennes, Pôle Biologie, Rennes, France
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42
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Shipman WD, Sandoval MJ, Veiga K, Donlin LT, Lu TT. Fibroblast subtypes in tissues affected by autoimmunity: with lessons from lymph node fibroblasts. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 64:63-70. [PMID: 32387902 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of single-cell technologies has fast-tracked the discovery of multiple fibroblast subsets in tissues affected by autoimmune disease. In recent years, interest in lymph node fibroblasts that support and regulate immune cells has also grown, leading to an expanding framework of stromal cell subsets with distinct spatial, transcriptional, and functional characteristics. Inflammation can drive tissue fibroblasts to adopt a lymphoid tissue stromal cell phenotype, suggesting that fibroblasts in diseased tissues can have counterparts in lymphoid tissues. Here, we examine fibroblast subsets in tissues affected by autoimmunity in the context of knowledge gained from studies on lymph node fibroblasts, with the ultimate aim to better understand stromal cell heterogeneity in these immunologically reactive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Shipman
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA; Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Marvin J Sandoval
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Keila Veiga
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Laura T Donlin
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Theresa T Lu
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Lymph node stromal cells: cartographers of the immune system. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:369-380. [PMID: 32205888 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are strategically positioned at dedicated sites throughout the body to facilitate rapid and efficient immunity. Central to the structural integrity and framework of LNs, and the recruitment and positioning of leukocytes therein, are mesenchymal and endothelial lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs). Advances in the last decade have expanded our understanding and appreciation of LNSC heterogeneity, and the role they play in coordinating immunity has grown rapidly. In this review, we will highlight the functional contributions of distinct stromal cell populations during LN development in maintaining immune homeostasis and tolerance and in the activation and control of immune responses.
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Thierry GR, Gentek R, Bajenoff M. Remodeling of reactive lymph nodes: Dynamics of stromal cells and underlying chemokine signaling. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:42-61. [PMID: 30977194 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are secondary immune organs dispersed throughout the body. They are primarily composed of lymphocytes, "transient passengers" that are only present for a few hours. During this time, they extensively interact with a meshwork of stromal cells. Although these cells constitute less than 5% of all LN cells, they are integral to LN function: Stromal cells create a three-dimensional network that provides a rigid backbone for the transport of lymph and generates "roads" for lymphocyte migration. Beyond structural support, the LN stroma also produces survival signals for lymphocytes and provides nutrients, soluble factors, antigens, and immune cells collectively required for immune surveillance and the generation of adaptive immune responses. A unique feature of LNs is their ability to considerably and rapidly change size: the volume and cellularity of inflamed LNs can increase up to 20-fold before returning to homeostatic levels. This cycle will be repeated many times during life and is accommodated by stromal cells. The dynamics underlying this dramatic remodeling are subject of this review. We will first introduce the main types of LN stromal cells and explain their known functions. We will then discuss how these cells enable LN growth during immune responses, with a particular focus on underlying cellular mechanisms and molecular cues. Similarly, we will elaborate on stromal dynamics mediating the return to LN homeostasis, a process that is mechanistically much less understood than LN expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem R Thierry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Bajenoff
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Saxena V, Li L, Paluskievicz C, Kasinath V, Bean A, Abdi R, Jewell CM, Bromberg JS. Role of lymph node stroma and microenvironment in T cell tolerance. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:9-23. [PMID: 31538349 PMCID: PMC6935411 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are at the cross roads of immunity and tolerance. These tissues are compartmentalized into specialized niche areas by lymph node stromal cells (LN SCs). LN SCs shape the LN microenvironment and guide immunological cells into different zones through establishment of a CCL19 and CCL21 gradient. Following local immunological cues, LN SCs modulate activity to support immune cell priming, activation, and fate. This review will present our current understanding of LN SC subsets roles in regulating T cell tolerance. Three major types of LN SC subsets, namely fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, and blood endothelial cells, are discussed. These subsets serve as scaffolds to support and regulate T cell homeostasis. They contribute to tolerance by presenting peripheral tissue antigens to both CD4 and CD8 T cells. The role of LN SCs in regulating T cell migration and tolerance induction is discussed. Looking forward, recent advances in bioengineered materials and approaches to leverage LN SCs to induce T cell tolerance are highlighted, as are current clinical practices that allow for manipulation of the LN microenvironment to induce tolerance. Increased understanding of LN architecture, how different LN SCs integrate immunological cues and shape immune responses, and approaches to induce T cell tolerance will help further combat autoimmune diseases and graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Christina Paluskievicz
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Asher Bean
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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3D analysis of morphological alterations of the fibroblastic reticular cells in reactive and neoplastic human lymph nodes. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:769-775. [PMID: 31285059 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological methods based on 2 μm thin sections are routinely used in pathological anatomical diagnosis. Many medical disciplines already rely on a 3D representation, regarding visualization and imaging techniques. Pathology in particular uses different tissue visualizations to make the final diagnosis. Thereby, a standard 2D histological section only represents a flat snapshot of a three-dimensional complex cell system. Despite that, 3D cell analysis is not yet standardly used in clinical routine. This work used 3D analysis systems to investigate the morphological alterations of the fibroblastic reticular cell network inside human lymph nodes during neoplastic transformation and evaluates the added value of 3D visualizations in tissue interpretation. We investigated the surface and volume quotient, cell cross-linking and percentage cell volume of the fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network inside Lymphadenopathy (follicular hyperplasia) (LAD), Follicular Lymphoma Grade 1 (FL1), Nodular Sclerosis classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (NScHL) and Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL). We found that the average quotient of LAD and FL1 differed from those of NScHL and AITL, indicating that the surface and volume quotient changes in the course of neoplastic transformation. This is probably due to an increased network convolution, while the total cell volume remains the same at about 2%. In conclusion, this paper describes the tumor-related morphological changes of the FRC network, which would have been difficult to achieve without the use of 3D analysis systems.
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Fasting-Refeeding Impacts Immune Cell Dynamics and Mucosal Immune Responses. Cell 2019; 178:1072-1087.e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kähäri L, Fair-Mäkelä R, Auvinen K, Rantakari P, Jalkanen S, Ivaska J, Salmi M. Transcytosis route mediates rapid delivery of intact antibodies to draining lymph nodes. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3086-3102. [PMID: 31232704 DOI: 10.1172/jci125740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) filter lymph to mount effective immune responses. Small soluble lymph-borne molecules from the periphery enter the draining LNs via a reticular conduit system. Intact antibodies and other larger molecules, in contrast, are physically unable to enter the conduits, and they are thought to be transported to the LNs only within migratory DCs after proteolytic degradation. Here, we discovered that lymph-borne antibodies and other large biomolecules enter within seconds into the parenchyma of the draining LN in an intact form. Mechanistically, we found that the uptake of large molecules is a receptor-independent, fluid-phase process that takes place by dynamin-dependent vesicular transcytosis through the lymphatic endothelial cells in the subcapsular sinus of the LN. Physiologically, this pathway mediates a very fast transfer of large protein antigens from the periphery to LN-resident DCs and macrophages. We show that exploitation of the transcytosis system allows enhanced whole-organ imaging and spatially controlled lymphocyte activation by s.c. administered antibodies in vivo. Transcytosis through the floor of the subcapsular sinus thus represents what we believe to be a new physiological and targetable mode of lymph filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kähäri
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ruth Fair-Mäkelä
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Auvinen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Rantakari
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Solt CM, Hill JL, Vanderpool K, Foster MT. Obesity-induced immune dysfunction and immunosuppression: TEM observation of visceral and subcutaneous lymph node microarchitecture and immune cell interactions. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2019; 39:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0083/hmbci-2018-0083.xml. [PMID: 31136298 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation, induced by excessive adiposity, links obesity to disease risk yet little attention has been devoted to the lymphoid tissues embedded within adipose tissue depots. Lymph nodes are the primary site for the development of protective immunity, hence any disease process that affects these tissues will also directly impact immunity. Here we examined how obesity alters secondary lymphatic tissue structure and encapsulated immune cells. Materials and methods Four-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed standard rodent chow or a Western high fat diet (HFD) for 6 months. Center regions of visceral and subcutaneous lymph nodes (SQLNS) were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results Compared with chow, HFD-induced obesity deleteriously modified the structural microarchitecture and immune cell morphology of visceral and SQLNs. In HFD mice, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) were dysregulated while laying among excessive amounts of disorganized collagen (C). In addition HFD lymph nodes contained a disproportionate amount of cellular debris from damaged or dead cells, increased sinus spacing and decreased immune cell interactions. Specifically, dendritic cells (DCs) that are necessary for adaptive immune response where embedded among extracellular debris with decreased pseudopodia. Similarly, the extraneous fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) in HFD mice limited contact between lymphocytes (LCs) causing their microvilli extensions to decrease. Discussion Overall, excessive C production within lymph nodes, driven by diet-induced obesity, creates a physical barrier that impedes proper lymph flow and cellular communication. Obesity-induced disorganization of the immune cell guidance network interrupts immune cell adhesion and consequently inhibits travel within cortex regions needed for cell interactions, survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Solt
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jessica L Hill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kim Vanderpool
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Michelle T Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA, Phone: +(970) 491-6189; Fax: +(970) 491-3875
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Lee AY, Körner H. The CCR6-CCL20 axis in humoral immunity and T-B cell immunobiology. Immunobiology 2019; 224:449-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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