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Dahdah N, Tercero-Alcázar C, Malagón MM, Garcia-Roves PM, Guzmán-Ruiz R. Interrelation of adipose tissue macrophages and fibrosis in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116324. [PMID: 38815633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by adipose tissue expansion, extracellular matrix remodelling and unresolved inflammation that contribute to insulin resistance and fibrosis. Adipose tissue macrophages represent the most abundant class of immune cells in adipose tissue inflammation and could be key mediators of adipocyte dysfunction and fibrosis in obesity. Although macrophage activation states are classically defined by the M1/M2 polarization nomenclature, novel studies have revealed a more complex range of macrophage phenotypes in response to external condition or the surrounding microenvironment. Here, we discuss the plasticity of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in response to their microenvironment in obesity, with special focus on macrophage infiltration and polarization, and their contribution to adipose tissue fibrosis. A better understanding of the role of ATMs as regulators of adipose tissue remodelling may provide novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Dahdah
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carmen Tercero-Alcázar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Miguel Garcia-Roves
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Guzmán-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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2
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Noonan HR, Thornock AM, Barbano J, Xifaras ME, Baron CS, Yang S, Koczirka K, McConnell AM, Zon LI. A chronic signaling TGFb zebrafish reporter identifies immune response in melanoma. eLife 2024; 13:e83527. [PMID: 38874379 PMCID: PMC11178360 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental signaling pathways associated with growth factors such as TGFb are commonly dysregulated in melanoma. Here we identified a human TGFb enhancer specifically activated in melanoma cells treated with TGFB1 ligand. We generated stable transgenic zebrafish with this TGFb Induced Enhancer driving green fluorescent protein (TIE:EGFP). TIE:EGFP was not expressed in normal melanocytes or early melanomas but was expressed in spatially distinct regions of advanced melanomas. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that TIE:EGFP+ melanoma cells down-regulated interferon response while up-regulating a novel set of chronic TGFb target genes. ChIP-sequencing demonstrated that AP-1 factor binding is required for activation of chronic TGFb response. Overexpression of SATB2, a chromatin remodeler associated with tumor spreading, showed activation of TGFb signaling in early melanomas. Confocal imaging and flow cytometric analysis showed that macrophages localize to TIE:EGFP+ regions and preferentially phagocytose TIE:EGFP+ melanoma cells compared to TIE:EGFP- melanoma cells. This work identifies a TGFb induced immune response and demonstrates the need for the development of chronic TGFb biomarkers to predict patient response to TGFb inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley R Noonan
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Alexandra M Thornock
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Julia Barbano
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Michael E Xifaras
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Immunology Program, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Chloe S Baron
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Katherine Koczirka
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Alicia M McConnell
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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3
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Kodous AS, Taha EO, El-Maghraby DF, Hassana AA, Atta MM. Gamma radiation assisted green synthesis of hesperidin-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite targeted JNK/SMAD4/MMP2 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11535. [PMID: 38773159 PMCID: PMC11109164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel method for the fabrication of hesperidin/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (RGOH) with the assistance of gamma rays is reported. The different RGOHs were obtained by varying hesperidin concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 wt.%) in graphene oxide (GO) solution. Hesperidin concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 wt.%) in graphene oxide (GO) were varied to produce the various RGOHs. Upon irradiation with 80 kGy from γ-Ray, the successful reduction of GO occurred in the presence of hesperidin. The reduction process was confirmed by different characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, HRTEM, and Raman Spectroscopy. A cytotoxicity study using the MTT method was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic-anticancer effects of arbitrary RGOH on Wi38, CaCo2, and HepG2 cell lines. The assessment of RGOH's anti-inflammatory activity, including the monitoring of IL-1B and IL-6 activities as well as NF-kB gene expression was done. In addition, the anti-invasive and antimetastatic properties of RGOH, ICAM, and VCAM were assessed. Additionally, the expression of the MMP2-9 gene was quantified. The assessment of apoptotic activity was conducted by the detection of gene expressions related to BCl2 and P53. The documentation of the JNK/SMAD4/MMP2 signaling pathway was ultimately accomplished. The findings of our study indicate that RGOH therapy has significant inhibitory effects on the JNK/SMAD4/MMP2 pathway. This suggests that it could be a potential therapeutic option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Kodous
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman O Taha
- Petroleum Applications Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina F El-Maghraby
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Hassana
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - M M Atta
- Radiation Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
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Huang Z, Xiao Z, Yu L, Liu J, Yang Y, Ouyang W. Tumor-associated macrophages in non-small-cell lung cancer: From treatment resistance mechanisms to therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104284. [PMID: 38311012 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Different treatment approaches are typically employed based on the stage of NSCLC. Common clinical treatment methods include surgical resection, drug therapy, and radiation therapy. However, with the introduction and utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer treatment has entered a new era, completely revolutionizing the treatment landscape for various cancers and significantly improving overall patient survival. Concurrently, treatment resistance often poses a critical challenge, with many patients experiencing disease progression following an initial response due to treatment resistance. Increasing evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in treatment resistance. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the TME can promote treatment resistance in NSCLC by secreting various cytokines activating signaling pathways, and interacting with other immune cells. Therefore, this article will focus on elucidating the key mechanisms of TAMs in treatment resistance and analyze how targeting TAMs can reduce the levels of treatment resistance in NSCLC, providing a comprehensive understanding of the principles and approaches to overcome treatment resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Huang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ziqi Xiao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liqing Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Wenhao Ouyang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:61. [PMID: 38514615 PMCID: PMC10958066 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Jeong E, Hong H, Lee YA, Kim KS. Potential Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease Treatment and Computational Approach for Future Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2682. [PMID: 38473928 PMCID: PMC11154459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by swelling in at least one joint. Owing to an overactive immune response, extra-articular manifestations are observed in certain cases, with interstitial lung disease (ILD) being the most common. Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the interstitial space, which causes fibrosis and the scarring of lung tissue. Controlling inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in RA-ILD is important because they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Pirfenidone and nintedanib are specific drugs against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and showed efficacy against RA-ILD in several clinical trials. Immunosuppressants and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with anti-fibrotic effects have also been used to treat RA-ILD. Immunosuppressants moderate the overexpression of cytokines and immune cells to reduce pulmonary damage and slow the progression of fibrosis. DMARDs with mild anti-fibrotic effects target specific fibrotic pathways to regulate fibrogenic cellular activity, extracellular matrix homeostasis, and oxidative stress levels. Therefore, specific medications are required to effectively treat RA-ILD. In this review, the commonly used RA-ILD treatments are discussed based on their molecular mechanisms and clinical trial results. In addition, a computational approach is proposed to develop specific drugs for RA-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Jeong
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyunseok Hong
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ah Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyoung-Soo Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- East-West Bone & Joint Disease Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
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HONG H, DILL-MCFARLAND KA, BENSON B, SIMMONS JD, PETERSON GJ, BENCHEK P, STEIN CM, BOOM WH, MAYANJA-KIZZA H, HAWN TR. Mycobacterium tuberculosis -induced monocyte transcriptional responses associated with resistance to tuberculin skin test/interferon-γ release assay conversion in people with HIV. AIDS 2023; 37:2287-2296. [PMID: 37696247 PMCID: PMC10873024 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-induced monocyte transcriptional responses differ in people with HIV (PWH) who do (RSTR) or do not (LTBI) resist tuberculin skin test/interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assay (TST/IGRA) conversion after exposure. DESIGN We compared ex-vivo Mtb-induced monocyte transcriptional responses in a Ugandan tuberculosis (TB) household contact study of RSTR and LTBI individuals among PWH. METHODS Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 19 household contacts of pulmonary TB patients, and their transcriptional profiles were measured with RNA-Seq after a 6 h infection with Mtb (H37Rv) or media. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by a linear mixed effects model and pathways by gene set enrichment analysis that compared RSTR and LTBI phenotypes with and without Mtb stimulation. RESULTS Among PWH, we identified 8341 DEGs that were dependent on Mtb stimulation [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.01]. Of these, 350 were not significant (FDR >0.2) in individuals without HIV. Additionally, we found 26 genes that were differentially expressed between RSTR and LTBI monocytes in PWH, including 20 which were Mtb-dependent (FDR <0.2). In unstimulated monocytes, several gene sets [TGF-β signaling, TNF-α signaling via NF-κB, NOTCH signaling, coagulation, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)] were enriched in RSTR relative to LTBI monocytes (FDR <0.1). These patterns were not observed in individuals without HIV. CONCLUSION RSTR monocytes in PWH show different gene expressions in response to Mtb infection when compared with those with LTBI and RSTR without HIV. These differential expression patterns are enriched in inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejeong HONG
- Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Basilin BENSON
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason D. SIMMONS
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Penelope BENCHEK
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Catherine M. STEIN
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - W. Henry BOOM
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Thomas R. HAWN
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Islam MA, Getz M, Macklin P, Ford Versypt AN. An agent-based modeling approach for lung fibrosis in response to COVID-19. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011741. [PMID: 38127835 PMCID: PMC10769079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has created an emerging need to investigate the long-term effects of infection on patients. Many individuals are at risk of suffering pulmonary fibrosis due to the pathogenesis of lung injury and impairment in the healing mechanism. Fibroblasts are the central mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition during tissue regeneration, regulated by anti-inflammatory cytokines including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). The TGF-β-dependent accumulation of fibroblasts at the damaged site and excess fibrillar collagen deposition lead to fibrosis. We developed an open-source, multiscale tissue simulator to investigate the role of TGF-β sources in the progression of lung fibrosis after SARS-CoV-2 exposure, intracellular viral replication, infection of epithelial cells, and host immune response. Using the model, we predicted the dynamics of fibroblasts, TGF-β, and collagen deposition for 15 days post-infection in virtual lung tissue. Our results showed variation in collagen area fractions between 2% and 40% depending on the spatial behavior of the sources (stationary or mobile), the rate of activation of TGF-β, and the duration of TGF-β sources. We identified M2 macrophages as primary contributors to higher collagen area fraction. Our simulation results also predicted fibrotic outcomes even with lower collagen area fraction when spatially-localized latent TGF-β sources were active for longer times. We validated our model by comparing simulated dynamics for TGF-β, collagen area fraction, and macrophage cell population with independent experimental data from mouse models. Our results showed that partial removal of TGF-β sources changed the fibrotic patterns; in the presence of persistent TGF-β sources, partial removal of TGF-β from the ECM significantly increased collagen area fraction due to maintenance of chemotactic gradients driving fibroblast movement. The computational findings are consistent with independent experimental and clinical observations of collagen area fractions and cell population dynamics not used in developing the model. These critical insights into the activity of TGF-β sources may find applications in the current clinical trials targeting TGF-β for the resolution of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Getz
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Paul Macklin
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ashlee N. Ford Versypt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. The Role of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1551. [PMID: 37892233 PMCID: PMC10605301 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has attracted attention as a tumor suppressor because of its potent growth-suppressive effect on epithelial cells. Dysregulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway is considered to be one of the key factors in carcinogenesis, and genetic alterations affecting TGF-β signaling are extraordinarily common in cancers of the gastrointestinal system, such as hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer and pancreatic cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that TGF-β is produced from various types of cells in the tumor microenvironment and mediates extracellular matrix deposition, tumor angiogenesis, the formation of CAFs, and suppression of the anti-tumor immune reaction. It is also being considered as a factor that promotes the malignant transformation of cancer, particularly the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, elucidating the role of TGF-β signaling in carcinogenesis, cancer invasion, and metastasis will provide novel basic insight for diagnosis and prognosis and the development of new molecularly targeted therapies for gastrointestinal cancers. In this review, we outline an overview of the complex mechanisms and functions of TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potentials of targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway for gastrointestinal cancer treatment and discuss the remaining challenges and future perspectives on targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5458585, Japan;
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Li R, Feng D, Han S, Zhai X, Yu X, Fu Y, Jin F. Macrophages and fibroblasts in foreign body reactions: How mechanical cues drive cell functions? Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100783. [PMID: 37701130 PMCID: PMC10494263 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials, when implanted in the human body, can induce a series of cell- and cytokine-related reactions termed foreign body reactions (FBRs). In the progression of FBRs, macrophages regulate inflammation and healing by polarizing to either a pro-inflammatory or pro-healing phenotype and recruit fibroblasts by secreting cytokines. Stimulated by the biomaterials, fibrotic capsule is formed eventually. The implant, along with its newly formed capsule, introduces various mechanical cues that influence cellular functions. Mechanosensing proteins, such as integrins or ion channels, transduce extracellular mechanical signals into cytoplasm biochemical signals in response to mechanical stimuli. Consequently, the morphology, migration mode, function, and polarization state of the cells are affected. Modulated by different intracellular signaling pathways and their crosstalk, the expression of fibrotic genes increases with fibroblast activation and fibroblast to myofibroblast transition under stiff or force stimuli. However, summarized in most current studies, the outcomes of macrophage polarization in the effect of different mechanical cues are inconsistent. The underlying mechanisms should be investigated with more advanced technology and considering more interfering aspects. Further research is needed to determine how to modulate the progression of fibrotic capsule formation in FBR artificially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
- Department of Breast and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Dongdong Feng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
- Department of Breast and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Siyuan Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
- Department of Breast and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Xinmiao Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
- Department of Breast and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
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Abstract
Chronic liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or viral hepatitis are characterized by persistent inflammation and subsequent liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis critically determines long-term morbidity (for example, cirrhosis or liver cancer) and mortality in NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Inflammation represents the concerted response of various hepatic cell types to hepatocellular death and inflammatory signals, which are related to intrahepatic injury pathways or extrahepatic mediators from the gut-liver axis and the circulation. Single-cell technologies have revealed the heterogeneity of immune cell activation concerning disease states and the spatial organization within the liver, including resident and recruited macrophages, neutrophils as mediators of tissue repair, auto-aggressive features of T cells as well as various innate lymphoid cell and unconventional T cell populations. Inflammatory responses drive the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and HSC subsets, in turn, modulate immune mechanisms via chemokines and cytokines or transdifferentiate into matrix-producing myofibroblasts. Current advances in understanding the pathogenesis of inflammation and fibrosis in the liver, mainly focused on NAFLD or NASH owing to the high unmet medical need, have led to the identification of several therapeutic targets. In this Review, we summarize the inflammatory mediators and cells in the diseased liver, fibrogenic pathways and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hammerich
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Zhu L, Tang Y, Li XY, Kerk SA, Lyssiotis CA, Sun X, Wang Z, Cho JS, Ma J, Weiss SJ. Proteolytic regulation of a galectin-3/Lrp1 axis controls osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206121. [PMID: 36880731 PMCID: PMC9998966 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts mobilize proteolytic enzymes belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family to directly degrade type I collagen, the dominant extracellular matrix component of skeletal tissues. While searching for additional MMP substrates critical to bone resorption, Mmp9/Mmp14 double-knockout (DKO) osteoclasts-as well as MMP-inhibited human osteoclasts-unexpectedly display major changes in transcriptional programs in tandem with compromised RhoA activation, sealing zone formation and bone resorption. Further study revealed that osteoclast function is dependent on the ability of Mmp9 and Mmp14 to cooperatively proteolyze the β-galactoside-binding lectin, galectin-3, on the cell surface. Mass spectrometry identified the galectin-3 receptor as low-density lipoprotein-related protein-1 (Lrp1), whose targeting in DKO osteoclasts fully rescues RhoA activation, sealing zone formation and bone resorption. Together, these findings identify a previously unrecognized galectin-3/Lrp1 axis whose proteolytic regulation controls both the transcriptional programs and the intracellular signaling cascades critical to mouse as well as human osteoclast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samuel A. Kerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jung-Sun Cho
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen J. Weiss
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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13
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Towards using 3D cellular cultures to model the activation and diverse functions of macrophages. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:387-401. [PMID: 36744644 PMCID: PMC9987999 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of 3D cell culture technology promises to enhance understanding of cell biology within tissue microenvironments. Whilst traditional cell culturing methods have been a reliable tool for decades, they inadequately portray the complex environments in which cells inhabit in vivo. The need for better disease models has pushed the development of effective 3D cell models, providing more accurate drug screening assays. There has been great progress in developing 3D tissue models in fields such as cancer research and regenerative medicine, driven by desires to recreate the tumour microenvironment for the discovery of new chemotherapies, or development of artificial tissues or scaffolds for transplantation. Immunology is one field that lacks optimised 3D models and the biology of tissue resident immune cells such as macrophages has yet to be fully explored. This review aims to highlight the benefits of 3D cell culturing for greater understanding of macrophage biology. We review current knowledge of macrophage interactions with their tissue microenvironment and highlight the potential of 3D macrophage models in the development of more effective treatments for disease.
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14
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Klück V, Cabău G, Mies L, Bukkems F, van Emst L, Bakker R, van Caam A, Crişan TO, Joosten LAB. TGF-β is elevated in hyperuricemic individuals and mediates urate-induced hyperinflammatory phenotype in human mononuclear cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:30. [PMID: 36850003 PMCID: PMC9969669 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble urate leads to a pro-inflammatory phenotype in human monocytes characterized by increased production of IL-1β and downregulation of IL-1 receptor antagonist, the mechanism of which remains to be fully elucidated. Previous transcriptomic data identified differential expression of genes in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway in monocytes exposed to urate in vitro. In this study, we explore the role of TGF-β in urate-induced hyperinflammation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS TGF-β mRNA in unstimulated PBMCs and protein levels in plasma were measured in individuals with normouricemia, hyperuricemia and gout. For in vitro validation, PBMCs of healthy volunteers were isolated and treated with a dose ranging concentration of urate for assessment of mRNA and pSMAD2. Urate and TGF-β priming experiments were performed with three inhibitors of TGF-β signalling: SB-505124, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol and a blocking antibody against TGF-β receptor II. RESULTS TGF-β mRNA levels were elevated in gout patients compared to healthy controls. TGF-β-LAP levels in serum were significantly higher in individuals with hyperuricemia compared to controls. In both cases, TGF-β correlated positively to serum urate levels. In vitro, urate exposure of PBMCs did not directly induce TGF-β but did enhance SMAD2 phosphorylation. The urate-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes was partly reversed by blocking TGF-β. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β is elevated in individuals with hyperuricemia and correlated to serum urate concentrations. In addition, the urate-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in human monocytes is mediated by TGF-β signalling. Future studies are warranted to explore the intracellular pathways involved and to assess the clinical significance of urate-TGF-β relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Klück
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Georgiana Cabău
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Linda Mies
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Bukkems
- Departement of Rheumatology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth van Emst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René Bakker
- Departement of Rheumatology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan van Caam
- Departement of Rheumatology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tania O Crişan
- Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medical Genetics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
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15
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Liao Z, Ma X, Kai JJ, Fan J. Molecular mechanisms of integrin αvβ8 activation regulated by graphene, boron nitride and black phosphorus nanosheets. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113139. [PMID: 36640538 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrin αvβ8 is a heterodimeric transmembrane protein on macrophages. Nanosheets can activate the integrin and elicit immune responses, exhibiting adverse immunotoxicity. Understanding the mechanism of integrin activation regulated by nanosheets is crucial for safe and effective use of nanosheets in biomedical applications. Herein, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to clarify the interactions between integrin αvβ8 in the cell membrane and three types of nanosheets, graphene (GRA), hexagonal boron nitride (BN), and black phosphorus (BP). We observed that BP could adsorb the intracellular end of αv monomer and thus break the inner membrane clasp, an important hydrophobic cluster for maintaining the inactive state of integrin. The association between αv and β8 subunit is weakened, promoting the integrin activation. By contrast, GRA and BN exert little influence on the association state of the integrin. Interestingly, the puckered structure of BP affects the integrin activation, where BP with the armchair direction perpendicular to the membrane plane cannot unpack the integrin. Moreover, the perturbation effect of nanosheets on the membrane was also evaluated. BP shows a milder effect on membrane structures and lipid properties than GRA and BN. This work unravels the molecular basis on the activation of integrin mediated by three nanosheets, and suggests the toxicity and therapeutic effect of well-established nanomaterials in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyao Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Jung Kai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Advanced Nuclear Safety and Sustainable Development, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Advanced Nuclear Safety and Sustainable Development, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Teplický T, Gregorová M, Kalafutová A, Hanzel O, Mateašík A, Filová B, Čunderlíková B. Characterisation of collagen type I matrices for pathophysiologically relevant spatial cancer cell cultures. Biophys Chem 2023; 293:106944. [PMID: 36527999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Specific cues provided to cells by the extracellular matrix (ECM) are determined by its composition. Except of collagens other naturally occurring ECM components should be considered in designing 3D models of diseases. We used spectrophotometric and rheological measurements and confocal imaging to characterise collagen matrices of human origin that can be modified by clinically relevant ECM components. pH of the neutralising solution, but not incubation of solidified collagen matrices in serum-free culture medium with pH 5.0-9.0 affected distribution of collagen fibres. Admixture of fibronectin or tenascin-C influenced assembly kinetics and resulted in slight increase in the Young's moduli of the matrices, indicating their incorporation into the collagen matrices. Co-localization of fibronectin with collagen fibres was confirmed by fluorescence imaging. Various cell types relevant for tumour tissue were able to proliferate within the matrices suggesting that they can be used to study role of ECM components in cancer in spatial models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Teplický
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Gregorová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Kalafutová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Hanzel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Mateašík
- International Laser Centre, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Filová
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Beata Čunderlíková
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; International Laser Centre, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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17
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Sabatel C, Bureau F. The innate immune brakes of the lung. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111298. [PMID: 36776895 PMCID: PMC9915150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory mucosal surfaces are continuously exposed to not only innocuous non-self antigens but also pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) originating from environmental or symbiotic microbes. According to either "self/non-self" or "danger" models, this should systematically result in homeostasis breakdown and the development of immune responses directed to inhaled harmless antigens, such as T helper type (Th)2-mediated asthmatic reactions, which is fortunately not the case in most people. This discrepancy implies the existence, in the lung, of regulatory mechanisms that tightly control immune homeostasis. Although such mechanisms have been poorly investigated in comparison to the ones that trigger immune responses, a better understanding of them could be useful in the development of new therapeutic strategies against lung diseases (e.g., asthma). Here, we review current knowledge on innate immune cells that prevent the development of aberrant immune responses in the lung, thereby contributing to mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sabatel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,*Correspondence: Catherine Sabatel,
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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18
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Guillaume J, Leufgen A, Hager FT, Pabst O, Cerovic V. MHCII expression on gut macrophages supports T cell homeostasis and is regulated by microbiota and ontogeny. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1509. [PMID: 36707699 PMCID: PMC9883227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are traditionally considered antigen-presenting cells. However, their ability to present antigen and the factors regulating macrophage MHCII expression are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that MHCII expression on murine intestinal macrophages is differentially controlled by their residence in the small intestine (SI) or the colon, their ontogeny and the gut microbiota. Monocyte-derived macrophages are uniformly MHCIIhi, independently of the tissue of residence, microbial status or the age of the mouse, suggesting a common monocyte differentiation pathway. In contrast, MHCII expression on long-lived, prenatally-derived Tim4+ macrophages is low after birth but significantly increases at weaning in both SI and colon. Furthermore, MHCII expression on colonic Tim4+, but not monocyte-derived macrophages, is dependent on recognition of microbial stimuli, as MHCII expression is significantly downregulated in germ-free, antibiotic-treated and MyD88 deficient mice. To address the function of MHCII presentation by intestinal macrophages we established two models of macrophage-specific MHCII deficiency. We observed a significant reduction in the overall frequency and number of tissue-resident, but not newly arrived, SI CD4+ T cells in the absence of macrophage-expressed MHCII. Our data suggest that macrophage MHCII provides signals regulating gut CD4+ T cell maintenance with different requirements in the SI and colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Guillaume
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Leufgen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian T Hager
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vuk Cerovic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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19
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Jimenez DG, Altunbulakli C, Swoboda S, Sobti A, Askmyr D, Ali A, Greiff L, Lindstedt M. Single-cell analysis of myeloid cells in HPV + tonsillar cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1087843. [PMID: 36741389 PMCID: PMC9893928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1087843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) tonsillar cancer has been sharply rising during the last decades. Myeloid cells represent an appropriate therapeutic target due to their proximity to virus-infected tumor cells, and their ability to orchestrate antigen-specific immunity, within the tonsil. However, the interrelationship of steady-state and inflammatory myeloid cell subsets, and their impact on patient survival remains unexplored. Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing to map the myeloid compartment in HPV+ tonsillar cancer. We observed an expansion of the myeloid compartment in HPV+ tonsillar cancer, accompanied by interferon-induced cellular responses both in dendritic cells (DCs) and monocyte-macrophages. Our analysis unveiled the existence of four DC lineages, two macrophage polarization processes, and their sequential maturation profiles. Within the DC lineages, we described a balance shift in the frequency of progenitor and mature cDC favoring the cDC1 lineage in detriment of cDC2s. Furthermore, we observed that all DC lineages apart from DC5s matured into a common activated DC transcriptional program involving upregulation of interferon-inducible genes. In turn, the monocyte-macrophage lineage was subjected to early monocyte polarization events, which give rise to either interferon-activated or CXCL-producing macrophages, the latter enriched in advanced tumor stages. We validated the existence of most of the single-cell RNA-seq clusters using 26-plex flow cytometry, and described a positive impact of cDC1 and interferon-activated DCs and macrophages on patient survival using gene signature scoring. The current study contributes to the understanding of myeloid ontogeny and dynamics in HPV-driven tonsillar cancer, and highlights myeloid biomarkers that can be used to assess patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabine Swoboda
- Department of ORL, Head & Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aastha Sobti
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Askmyr
- Department of ORL, Head & Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ashfaq Ali
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lennart Greiff
- Department of ORL, Head & Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Lindstedt
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,*Correspondence: Malin Lindstedt,
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20
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Xue Y, Song X, Fan S, Deng R. The role of tumor-associated macrophages in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Physiol 2022; 13:959747. [PMID: 36105288 PMCID: PMC9464857 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.959747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck cancer with a high recurrence rate and a low 5-year survival rate. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which play an important role in the progression of many tumors. This article reviews the origin, and the role of TAMs in the invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and immunosuppression of OSCC. Therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs are also discussed in hopes of providing new ideas for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runzhi Deng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Runzhi Deng,
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21
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Heydarian M, Schulz C, Stoeger T, Hilgendorff A. Association of immune cell recruitment and BPD development. Mol Cell Pediatr 2022; 9:16. [PMID: 35917002 PMCID: PMC9346035 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-022-00148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the neonatal lung, exposure to both prenatal and early postnatal risk factors converge into the development of injury and ultimately chronic disease, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The focus of many studies has been the characteristic inflammatory responses provoked by these exposures. Here, we review the relationship between immaturity and prenatal conditions, as well as postnatal exposure to mechanical ventilation and oxygen toxicity, with the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulatory networks. In these conditions, cytokine release, protease activity, and sustained presence of innate immune cells in the lung result in pathologic processes contributing to lung injury. We highlight the recruitment and function of myeloid innate immune cells, in particular, neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages in the BPD lung in human patients and animal models. We also discuss dissimilarities between the infant and adult immune system as a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaharehsadat Heydarian
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute for Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany. .,Center for Comprehensive Developmental Care (CDeCLMU) at the interdisciplinary Social Pediatric Center, (iSPZ), University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
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22
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Liu L, Zhu L, Liu M, Zhao L, Yu Y, Xue Y, Shan L. Recent Insights Into the Role of Macrophages in Acute Gout. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955806. [PMID: 35874765 PMCID: PMC9304769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a common type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by the presence of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in the joints. Macrophages are believed to be involved in gout flares. It has long been recognized that resident macrophage and monocyte derived macrophages are distinct subsets and there have been attempts to investigate their roles in acute gout, respectively. Previous studies revealed that resident macrophages initiate and drive the inflammation, while monocyte derived macrophages differentiated into M1-like macrophages in response to MSU crystals. With the advancement of technologies, subpopulations of synovial resident macrophages have been defined with the characteristics more accurately described. Resident macrophages in the synovial lining layer showed an anti-inflammatory effect in rheumatoid arthritis, but specific Trpv4 depletion of them reduced MSU crystals induced murine arthritis. CD14+ monocytes in the synovial fluid from patients with gout exhibit phenotypes of anti-inflammatory as well as pro-inflammatory characteristics. Here, we review the main aspects of macrophages in the initiation and resolution of acute gout and try to clarify the specific role of each subpopulation. Building a reliable diagram of the effect of monocytes and macrophages during MSU crystals induced arthritis will bring us closer to targeting macrophages for improving the management of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjiang Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhen Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lizhen Shan,
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Two New Potential Therapeutic Approaches in Radiation Cystitis Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Extracellular Vesicles and Conditioned Medium. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070980. [PMID: 36101361 PMCID: PMC9312102 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Radiation cystitis (RC) results from chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular damage. The urinary symptoms it causes have a serious impact on patients’ quality of life. Despite the improvement in irradiation techniques, the incidence of radiation cystitis remains stable over time, and the therapeutic possibilities remain limited. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) appear to offer2 a promising therapeutic approach by promoting tissue repair through their paracrine action via extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) or conditioned medium from human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC-CM). We assess the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs or MSC-CM in an in vitro model of RC. Methods:in vitro RC was induced by irradiation of human bladder fibroblasts (HUBF) with the small-animal radiation research platform (SARRP). HUBF were induced towards an RC phenotype after 3 × 3.5 Gy irradiation in the presence of either MSC-EVs or MSC-CM, to assess their effect on fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammatory markers. Results: Our data revealed in vitro a higher therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs and MSC-CM in prevention of RC. This was confirmed by down-regulation of α-SMA and CTGF transcription, and the induction of the secretion of anti-fibrotic cytokines, such as IFNγ, IL10 and IL27 and the decrease in the secretion of pro-fibrotic cytokines, IGFBP2, IL1β, IL6, IL18, PDGF, TNFα, and HGF, by irradiated HUBFs, conditioned with MSC-EVs or MSC-CM. The secretome of MSC (MSC-CM) or its subsecretome (MSC-EVs) are proangiogenic, with the ability to induce vessels from HUVEC cells, ensuring the management of bladder vascular lesions induced by irradiation. Conclusion: MSC-EVs and MSC-CM appear to have promising therapeutic potential in the prevention of RC in vitro, by targeting the three main stages of RC: fibrosis, inflammation and vascular damage.
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Paterson N, Lämmermann T. Macrophage network dynamics depend on haptokinesis for optimal local surveillance. eLife 2022; 11:75354. [PMID: 35343899 PMCID: PMC8963880 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key immune cells with important roles for tissue surveillance in almost all mammalian organs. Cellular networks made up of many individual macrophages allow for optimal removal of dead cell material and pathogens in tissues. However, the critical determinants that underlie these population responses have not been systematically studied. Here, we investigated how cell shape and the motility of individual cells influences macrophage network responses in 3D culture settings and in mouse tissues. We show that surveying macrophage populations can tolerate lowered actomyosin contractility, but cannot easily compensate for a lack of integrin-mediated adhesion. Although integrins were dispensable for macrophage chemotactic responses, they were crucial to control cell movement and protrusiveness for optimal surveillance by a macrophage population. Our study reveals that β1 integrins are important for maintaining macrophage shape and network sampling efficiency in mammalian tissues, and sets macrophage motility strategies apart from the integrin-independent 3D migration modes of many other immune cell subsets. Macrophages are immune cells in the body that remove dying cells and debris from tissues. They live in almost all the body’s organs, surveilling for signs of infection and destroying microbes. They also migrate to wound sites, where they can eliminate foreign particles and stop microbes from entering the body. To perform their surveillance role, macrophages need to work together as a team. They form a network, coordinating their movements to optimise the removal of particles and dead cells. How this happens is something of a mystery. As individuals, cells travel through tissues using a balance of several activities: they change their shape, they contract and relax, and they grab hold of their surroundings using proteins called integrins. It is thought that the choice between these types of movement may affect the rest of the network. To investigate, Paterson and Lämmermann genetically engineered mouse macrophages grown in the laboratory so they would not produce working integrins. These macrophages were able to contract and relax, but they could not attach to the proteins in the structures they were exploring. Paterson and Lämmermann then placed these macrophages in gels studded with proteins that mimic a biological matrix to observe their behaviour. When these macrophages were exposed to the chemicals that indicate the presence of a wound, they moved normally, changing shape and contracting and relaxing. Paterson and Lämmermann confirmed this normal behaviour for macrophages moving to sites of injuries in the tissue of living mice. However, when it came to surveillance, the macrophages’ abilities were seriously diminished, and they were unable to form an effective network to take up particles and dead cells. This work sheds light on how the movement of individual cells affects the entire immune surveillance network. A deeper understanding could lead to new insights into how to prevent inflammation. The next step is to map macrophage networks in healthy and diseased tissues to understand how cell movement affects surveillance under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Paterson
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Plundrich D, Chikhladze S, Fichtner-Feigl S, Feuerstein R, Briquez PS. Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Immunomodulation in the Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2782. [PMID: 35269922 PMCID: PMC8910988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains one of the most important health challenges in our society. The development of cancer immunotherapies has fostered the need to better understand the anti-tumor immune mechanisms at play in the tumor microenvironment and the strategies by which the tumor escapes them. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular interactions that regulate tumor inflammation. We particularly discuss immunomodulatory cell-cell interactions, cell-soluble factor interactions, cell-extracellular matrix interactions and cell-microbiome interactions. While doing so, we highlight relevant examples of tumor immunomodulation in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Plundrich
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Chikhladze
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 900048, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 900048, USA
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhild Feuerstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Priscilla S Briquez
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Cytlak UM, Dyer DP, Honeychurch J, Williams KJ, Travis MA, Illidge TM. Immunomodulation by radiotherapy in tumour control and normal tissue toxicity. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:124-138. [PMID: 34211187 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a highly effective anticancer treatment that is delivered to more than half of all patients with cancer. In addition to the well-documented direct cytotoxic effects, RT can have immunomodulatory effects on the tumour and surrounding tissues. These effects are thought to underlie the so-called abscopal responses, whereby RT generates systemic antitumour immunity outside the irradiated tumour. The full scope of these immune changes remains unclear but is likely to involve multiple components, such as immune cells, the extracellular matrix, endothelial and epithelial cells and a myriad of chemokines and cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). In normal tissues exposed to RT during cancer therapy, acute immune changes may ultimately lead to chronic inflammation and RT-induced toxicity and organ dysfunction, which limits the quality of life of survivors of cancer. Here we discuss the emerging understanding of RT-induced immune effects with particular focus on the lungs and gut and the potential immune crosstalk that occurs between these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula M Cytlak
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Douglas P Dyer
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie Honeychurch
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark A Travis
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Timothy M Illidge
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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27
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling controls multiple cell fate decisions during development and tissue homeostasis; hence, dysregulation of this pathway can drive several diseases, including cancer. Here we discuss the influence that TGFβ exerts on the composition and behaviour of different cell populations present in the tumour immune microenvironment, and the context-dependent functions of this cytokine in suppressing or promoting cancer. During homeostasis, TGFβ controls inflammatory responses triggered by exposure to the outside milieu in barrier tissues. Lack of TGFβ exacerbates inflammation, leading to tissue damage and cellular transformation. In contrast, as tumours progress, they leverage TGFβ to drive an unrestrained wound-healing programme in cancer-associated fibroblasts, as well as to suppress the adaptive immune system and the innate immune system. In consonance with this key role in reprogramming the tumour microenvironment, emerging data demonstrate that TGFβ-inhibitory therapies can restore cancer immunity. Indeed, this approach can synergize with other immunotherapies - including immune checkpoint blockade - to unleash robust antitumour immune responses in preclinical cancer models. Despite initial challenges in clinical translation, these findings have sparked the development of multiple therapeutic strategies that inhibit the TGFβ pathway, many of which are currently in clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele V F Tauriello
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elena Sancho
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Waibl Polania J, Lerner EC, Wilkinson DS, Hoyt-Miggelbrink A, Fecci PE. Pushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:777073. [PMID: 34868044 PMCID: PMC8636733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful cancer immunotherapies rely on a replete and functional immune compartment. Within the immune compartment, T cells are often the effector arm of immune-based strategies due to their potent cytotoxic capabilities. However, many tumors have evolved a variety of mechanisms to evade T cell-mediated killing. Thus, while many T cell-based immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have achieved considerable success in some solid cancers and hematological malignancies, these therapies often fail in solid tumors due to tumor-imposed T cell dysfunctions. These dysfunctional mechanisms broadly include reduced T cell access into and identification of tumors, as well as an overall immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that elicits T cell exhaustion. Therefore, novel, rational approaches are necessary to overcome the barriers to T cell function elicited by solid tumors. In this review, we will provide an overview of conventional immunotherapeutic strategies and the various barriers to T cell anti-tumor function encountered in solid tumors that lead to resistance. We will also explore a sampling of emerging strategies specifically aimed to bypass these tumor-imposed boundaries to T cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily C Lerner
- Duke Medical School, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Daniel S Wilkinson
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Peter E Fecci
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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29
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Zubair K, You C, Kwon G, Kang K. Two Faces of Macrophages: Training and Tolerance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111596. [PMID: 34829825 PMCID: PMC8615871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in almost all body tissues. They detect and quickly respond to “environmental signals” in the tissue. Macrophages have been associated with numerous beneficial roles, such as host defense, wound healing, and tissue regeneration; however, they have also been linked to the development of diverse illnesses, particularly cancers and autoimmune disorders. Complex signaling, epigenetic, and metabolic pathways drive macrophage training and tolerance. The induced intracellular program differs depending on the type of initial stimuli and the tissue microenvironment. Due to the essential roles of macrophages in homeostatic and their association with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, recent studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of macrophage training and tolerance. This review discusses the role of factors involved in macrophage training and tolerance, along with the current studies in human diseases.
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30
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Kava R, Peripolli E, Berton MP, Lemos M, Lobo RB, Stafuzza NB, Pereira AS, Baldi F. Genome-wide structural variations in Brazilian Senepol cattle, a tropically adapted taurine breed. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Stuelten CH, Zhang YE. Transforming Growth Factor-β: An Agent of Change in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764727. [PMID: 34712672 PMCID: PMC8545984 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a key regulator of embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis, and lesion repair. In tumors, TGF-β is a potent inhibitor of early stage tumorigenesis and promotes late stage tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we review the roles of TGF-β as well as components of its signaling pathways in tumorigenesis. We will discuss how a core property of TGF-β, namely its ability to change cell differentiation, leads to the transition of epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts to a myofibroblastoid phenotype, changes differentiation and polarization of immune cells, and induces metabolic reprogramming of cells, all of which contribute to the progression of epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H. Stuelten
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ying E. Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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32
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Wright PB, McDonald E, Bravo-Blas A, Baer HM, Heawood A, Bain CC, Mowat AM, Clay SL, Robertson EV, Morton F, Nijjar JS, Ijaz UZ, Milling SWF, Gaya DR. The mannose receptor (CD206) identifies a population of colonic macrophages in health and inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19616. [PMID: 34608184 PMCID: PMC8490356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the contribution of mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), which include monocyte-derived intestinal macrophages, to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), it is necessary to identify functionally-different MNP populations. We aimed to characterise intestinal macrophage populations in patients with IBD. We developed 12-parameter flow cytometry protocols to identify and human intestinal MNPs. We used these protocols to purify and characterize colonic macrophages from colonic tissue from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), or non-inflamed controls, in a cross-sectional study. We identify macrophage populations (CD45+CD64+ HLA-DR+) and describe two distinct subsets, differentiated by their expression of the mannose receptor, CD206. CD206+ macrophages expressed markers consistent with a mature phenotype: high levels of CD68 and CD163, higher transcription of IL-10 and lower expression of TREM1. CD206− macrophages appear to be less mature, with features more similar to their monocytic precursors. We identified and purified macrophage populations from human colon. These appear to be derived from a monocytic precursor with high CCR2 and low CD206 expression. As these cells mature, they acquire expression of IL-10, CD206, CD63, and CD168. Targeting the newly recruited monocyte-derived cells may represent a fruitful avenue to ameliorate chronic inflammation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela B Wright
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Elizabeth McDonald
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Alberto Bravo-Blas
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Hannah M Baer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Anna Heawood
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Calum C Bain
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Allan M Mowat
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Slater L Clay
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | | | - Fraser Morton
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jagtar Singh Nijjar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Simon W F Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Daniel R Gaya
- Gastroenterology Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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33
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He S, Tian S, He X, Le X, Ning Y, Chen J, Chen H, Mu J, Xu K, Xiang Q, Wu Y, Chen J, Xiang T. Multiple targeted self-emulsifying compound RGO reveals obvious anti-tumor potential in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 22:604-616. [PMID: 34589579 PMCID: PMC8449031 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly vascularized, inflammatory, and abnormally proliferating tumor. Monotherapy is often unable to effectively and comprehensively inhibit the progress of HCC. In present study, we selected ginsenoside Rg3, ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP), and oridonin as the combined therapy. These three plant monomers play important roles in anti-angiogenesis, immunological activation, and apoptosis promotion, respectively. However, the low solubility and poor bioavailability seriously hinder their clinical application. To resolve these problems, we constructed a new drug, Rg3, GLP, and oridonin self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (RGO-SMEDDS). We found that this drug effectively inhibits the progression of HCC by simultaneously targeting multiple signaling pathways. RGO-SMEDDS restored immune function by suppressing the production of immunosuppressive cytokine and M2-polarized macrophages, reduced angiogenesis by downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, and retarded proliferation by inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR/AKT/epidermal growth factor receptor/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) signaling pathway. In addition, RGO-SMEDDS showed considerable safety in acute toxicity tests. Results from this study show that RGO-SMEDDS is a promising therapy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanxiu He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaorong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqian He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Le
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijiao Ning
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Chongqing College of Humanities, Science & Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Interplay of Immunometabolism and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189878. [PMID: 34576042 PMCID: PMC8466075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells are the key hallmarks of tumor metastasis. Since the relationship between the two has been well studied, researchers have gained increasing interest in the interplay of cancer cell EMT and immune metabolic changes. Whether the mutual influences between them could provide novel explanations for immune surveillance during metastasis is worth understanding. Here, we review the role of immunometabolism in the regulatory loop between tumor-infiltrating immune cells and EMT. We also discuss the challenges and perspectives of targeting immunometabolism in cancer treatment.
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35
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Targeting immunosuppression by TGF-β1 for cancer immunotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114697. [PMID: 34302795 PMCID: PMC8484859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The TGF-β1 cytokine is a key mediator of many biological processes. Complex regulatory mechanisms are in place that allow one single molecule to exert so many distinct indispensable activities. The complexity of TGF-β1 biology is further illustrated by the opposing dual roles it plays during cancer progression. Risks of toxicities combined with lack of convincing therapeutical efficacy explain at least in part why therapies targeting TGF-β1 have lagged behind in past decades. However, recent successes of immunostimulatory antibodies for the immunotherapy of cancer and findings that TGF-β1 activity associates with resistance to immunotherapeutic drugs have revived the field. In this review, we discuss the biology of TGF-β1 with a special focus on its roles in regulating immune responses in the context of cancer. We describe the various therapeutic approaches available to inhibit TGF-β signalling, and more recent findings that allow selective targeting of specific sources of TGF-β activity, which may prove relevant to increase the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of cancer immunotherapy.
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36
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Vasse GF, Nizamoglu M, Heijink IH, Schlepütz M, van Rijn P, Thomas MJ, Burgess JK, Melgert BN. Macrophage-stroma interactions in fibrosis: biochemical, biophysical, and cellular perspectives. J Pathol 2021; 254:344-357. [PMID: 33506963 PMCID: PMC8252758 DOI: 10.1002/path.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis results from aberrant wound healing and is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix, impairing the function of an affected organ. Increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, disruption of matrix degradation, but also abnormal post-translational modifications alter the biochemical composition and biophysical properties of the tissue microenvironment - the stroma. Macrophages are known to play an important role in wound healing and tissue repair, but the direct influence of fibrotic stroma on macrophage behaviour is still an under-investigated element in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this review, the current knowledge on interactions between macrophages and (fibrotic) stroma will be discussed from biochemical, biophysical, and cellular perspectives. Furthermore, we provide future perspectives with regard to how macrophage-stroma interactions can be examined further to ultimately facilitate more specific targeting of these interactions in the treatment of fibrosis. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenda F Vasse
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenBiomedical Engineering Department‐FB40GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute for PharmacyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Nizamoglu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of PulmonologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Schlepütz
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenBiomedical Engineering Department‐FB40GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute for PharmacyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
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Roy-Chowdhury E, Brauns N, Helmke A, Nordlohne J, Bräsen JH, Schmitz J, Volkmann J, Fleig SV, Kusche-Vihrog K, Haller H, von Vietinghoff S. Human CD16+ monocytes promote a pro-atherosclerotic endothelial cell phenotype via CX3CR1-CX3CL1 interaction. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1510-1522. [PMID: 32717023 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Monocytes are central for atherosclerotic vascular inflammation. The human non-classical, patrolling subtype, which expresses high levels of CD16 and fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, strongly associates with cardiovascular events. This is most marked in renal failure, a condition with excess atherosclerosis morbidity. The underlying mechanism is not understood. This study investigated how human CD16+ monocytes modulate endothelial cell function. METHODS AND RESULTS In patients with kidney failure, CD16+ monocyte counts were elevated and dynamically decreased within a year after transplantation, chiefly due to a drop in CD14+CD16+ cells. The CX3CR1 ligand CX3CL1 was similarly elevated in the circulation of humans and mice with renal impairment. CX3CL1 up-regulation was also observed close to macrophage rich human coronary artery plaques. To investigate a mechanistic basis of this association, CD16+CX3CR1HIGH monocytes were co-incubated with primary human endothelium in vitro. Compared to classical CD14+ monocytes or transwell cocultures, CD16+ monocytes enhanced endothelial STAT1 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, up-regulated expression of CX3CL1 and interleukin-1β, numerous CCL and CXCL chemokines and molecules promoting leucocyte patrolling and adhesion such as ICAM1 and VCAM1. Genes required for vasodilatation including endothelial nitric oxide synthase decreased while endothelial collagen production increased. Uraemic patients' monocytes enhanced endothelial CX3CL1 even more markedly. Their receptor CX3CR1 was required for enhanced aortic endothelial stiffness in murine atherosclerosis with renal impairment. CX3CR1 dose-dependently modulated monocyte-contact-dependent gene expression in human endothelium. CONCLUSION By demonstrating endothelial proatherosclerotic gene regulation in direct contact with CD16+ monocytes, in part via cellular CX3CR1-CX3CL1 interaction, our data delineate a mechanism how this celltype can increase cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roy-Chowdhury
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brauns
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Helmke
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Nordlohne
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Schmitz
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Volkmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne V Fleig
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hermann Haller
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sibylle von Vietinghoff
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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38
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Hasan F, Chiu Y, Shaw RM, Wang J, Yee C. Hypoxia acts as an environmental cue for the human tissue-resident memory T cell differentiation program. JCI Insight 2021; 6:138970. [PMID: 34027895 PMCID: PMC8262358 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) provide frontline defense against infectious diseases and contribute to antitumor immunity; however, aside from the necessity of TGF-β, knowledge regarding TRM-inductive cues remains incomplete, particularly for human cells. Oxygen tension is an environmental cue that distinguishes peripheral tissues from the circulation, and here, we demonstrate that differentiation of human CD8+ T cells in the presence of hypoxia and TGF-β1 led to the development of a TRM phenotype, characterized by a greater than 5-fold increase in CD69+CD103+ cells expressing human TRM hallmarks and enrichment for endogenous human TRM gene signatures, including increased adhesion molecule expression and decreased expression of genes involved in recirculation. Hypoxia and TGF-β1 synergized to produce a significantly larger population of TRM phenotype cells than either condition alone, and comparison of these cells from the individual and combination conditions revealed distinct phenotypic and transcriptional profiles, indicating a programming response to milieu rather than a mere expansion. Our findings identify a likely previously unreported cue for the TRM differentiation program and can enable facile generation of human TRM phenotype cells in vitro for basic studies and translational applications such as adoptive cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Hasan
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yulun Chiu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca M Shaw
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Immunology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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39
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An integrated analysis of human myeloid cells identifies gaps in in vitro models of in vivo biology. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1629-1643. [PMID: 33989517 PMCID: PMC8190595 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Stemformatics myeloid atlas is an integrated transcriptome atlas of human macrophages and dendritic cells that systematically compares freshly isolated tissue-resident, cultured, and pluripotent stem cell–derived myeloid cells. Three classes of tissue-resident macrophage were identified: Kupffer cells and microglia; monocyte-associated; and tumor-associated macrophages. Culture had a major impact on all primary cell phenotypes. Pluripotent stem cell–derived macrophages were characterized by atypical expression of collagen and a highly efferocytotic phenotype. Myeloid subsets, and phenotypes associated with derivation, were reproducible across experimental series including data projected from single-cell studies, demonstrating that the atlas provides a robust reference for myeloid phenotypes. Implementation in Stemformatics.org allows users to visualize patterns of sample grouping or gene expression for user-selected conditions and supports temporary upload of your own microarray or RNA sequencing samples, including single-cell data, to benchmark against the atlas. A reference transcriptome atlas for human macrophage biology Culture alters primary myeloid phenotypes Pluripotent stem cell–derived macrophages retain a common stromal signature FLT3L-derived cord blood DCs lack expression of key pattern recognition receptors
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40
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Asiry S, Kim G, Filippou PS, Sanchez LR, Entenberg D, Marks DK, Oktay MH, Karagiannis GS. The Cancer Cell Dissemination Machinery as an Immunosuppressive Niche: A New Obstacle Towards the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654877. [PMID: 33927723 PMCID: PMC8076861 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer immunotherapy has resulted in unpreceded survival benefits to subsets of oncology patients, accumulating evidence from preclinical animal models suggests that the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remains a detrimental factor limiting benefit for many patient subgroups. Recent efforts on lymphocyte-mediated immunotherapies are primarily focused on eliminating cancer foci at primary and metastatic sites, but few studies have investigated the impact of these therapies on the highly complex process of cancer cell dissemination. The metastatic cascade involves the directional streaming of invasive/migratory tumor cells toward specialized blood vessel intravasation gateways, called TMEM doorways, to the peripheral circulation. Importantly, this process occurs under the auspices of a specialized tumor microenvironment, herewith referred to as “Dissemination Trajectory”, which is supported by an ample array of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), skewed towards an M2-like polarization spectrum, and which is also vital for providing microenvironmental cues for cancer cell invasion, migration and stemness. Based on pre-existing evidence from preclinical animal models, this article outlines the hypothesis that dissemination trajectories do not only support the metastatic cascade, but also embody immunosuppressive niches, capable of providing transient and localized immunosubversion cues to the migratory/invasive cancer cell subpopulation while in the act of departing from a primary tumor. So long as these dissemination trajectories function as “immune deserts”, the migratory tumor cell subpopulation remains efficient in evading immunological destruction and seeding metastatic sites, despite administration of cancer immunotherapy and/or other cytotoxic treatments. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular composition, as well as the signaling circuitries governing the function of these dissemination trajectories will further our overall understanding on TAM-mediated immunosuppression and will be paramount for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the advancement of optimal cancer chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Asiry
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Gina Kim
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Panagiota S Filippou
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom.,National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Rivera Sanchez
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Douglas K Marks
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
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41
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Kim BG, Malek E, Choi SH, Ignatz-Hoover JJ, Driscoll JJ. Novel therapies emerging in oncology to target the TGF-β pathway. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:55. [PMID: 33823905 PMCID: PMC8022551 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β signaling pathway governs key cellular processes under physiologic conditions and is deregulated in many pathologies, including cancer. TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine that acts in a cell- and context-dependent manner as a tumor promoter or tumor suppressor. As a tumor promoter, the TGF-β pathway enhances cell proliferation, migratory invasion, metastatic spread within the tumor microenvironment and suppresses immunosurveillance. Collectively, the pleiotropic nature of TGF-β signaling contributes to drug resistance, tumor escape and undermines clinical response to therapy. Based upon a wealth of preclinical studies, the TGF-β pathway has been pharmacologically targeted using small molecule inhibitors, TGF-β-directed chimeric monoclonal antibodies, ligand traps, antisense oligonucleotides and vaccines that have been now evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we have assessed the safety and efficacy of TGF-β pathway antagonists from multiple drug classes that have been evaluated in completed and ongoing trials. We highlight Vactosertib, a highly potent small molecule TGF-β type 1 receptor kinase inhibitor that is well-tolerated with an acceptable safety profile that has shown efficacy against multiple types of cancer. The TGF-β ligand traps Bintrafusp alfa (a bifunctional conjugate that binds TGF-β and PD-L1), AVID200 (a computationally designed trap of TGF-β receptor ectodomains fused to an Fc domain) and Luspatercept (a recombinant fusion that links the activin receptor IIb to IgG) offer new ways to fight difficult-to-treat cancers. While TGF-β pathway antagonists are rapidly emerging as highly promising, safe and effective anticancer agents, significant challenges remain. Minimizing the unintentional inhibition of tumor-suppressing activity and inflammatory effects with the desired restraint on tumor-promoting activities has impeded the clinical development of TGF-β pathway antagonists. A better understanding of the mechanistic details of the TGF-β pathway should lead to more effective TGF-β antagonists and uncover biomarkers that better stratify patient selection, improve patient responses and further the clinical development of TGF-β antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Gyu Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ehsan Malek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James J Ignatz-Hoover
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James J Driscoll
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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The Immune Tolerance Role of the HMGB1-RAGE Axis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030564. [PMID: 33807604 PMCID: PMC8001022 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of the immune tolerance induces autoimmunity such as systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis. A chromatin-binding non-histone protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is released from the nucleus to the extracellular milieu in particular environments such as autoimmunity, sepsis and hypoxia. Extracellular HMGB1 engages pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). While the HMGB1-RAGE axis drives inflammation in various diseases, recent studies also focus on the anti-inflammatory effects of HMGB1 and RAGE. This review discusses current perspectives on HMGB1 and RAGE’s roles in controlling inflammation and immune tolerance. We also suggest how RAGE heterodimers responding microenvironments functions in immune responses.
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43
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Chang YY, Lu CW, Jean WH, Shieh JS, Lin TY. Phorbol myristate acetate induces differentiation of THP-1 cells in a nitric oxide-dependent manner. Nitric Oxide 2021; 109-110:33-41. [PMID: 33667621 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION THP-1 cells, a human leukemia monocytic cell line, differentiated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) are widely used as surrogate of human macrophages. Differentiated THP-1 cells acquire macrophage-like characteristics including more adherence and altered cell function. Nitric oxide (NO), an intracellular messenger, is critical in regulating cell differentiation. Here we elucidated whether NO relates to PMA-induced monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation of THP-1 cells. The mutual regulation of calcium and NO was also investigated. MATERIAL & METHODS THP-1 cells were incubated with PMA for 24 h, followed by assay of adherence, morphological change, migration or IL-1β release. L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or BAPTA-AM (a calcium chelator) was added before PMA stimulation, and levels of calcium and NO were measured. Furthermore, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity was employed to study the role of iNOS. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effects of PMA on upregulation of adherence, lipopolysaccharide-triggered IL-1β, and migration ability of THP-1 cells were consistent with NO concentrations. Both l-NAME and BAPTA-AM mitigated effects of PMA on THP-1 cells differentiation. BAPTA-AM decreased levels of NO, while l-NAME had no effect on calcium levels. Of note, inhibition of iNOS activity decreased PMA-triggered upregulation of NO. CONCLUSION PMA induced differentiation of THP-1 cells partially in a NO-dependent manner. The calcium signaling may mediate PMA-triggered upregulation of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ying Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; International Program in Engineering for Bachelor, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Horng Jean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shing Shieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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44
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Song G, Luo BH. Effects of the association of the α v β 8 lower legs on integrin ligand binding. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:801-813. [PMID: 33619784 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many integrins transmit signals through global conformational changes. However, it is unclear whether integrin αv β8 adopts a similar mechanism during integrin activation and signaling on the cell surface. Here, we showed that disulfide-bonded mutants, which prevented integrin αv β8 lower leg dissociation, bound ligands with similar level as the wild-type protein, suggesting that αv β8 ligand binding did not require lower leg disassociation. We further showed that the N-glycosylation mutant at the interface between the β I and hybrid domains did not affect ligand binding, suggesting that the αv β8 open headpiece was not present on the cell surface. We proposed that αv β8 integrin may adopt only one state, that is, the extended conformation with a closed headpiece. Our results showed that two lower legs retained heterodimeric interfaces, and this association might be important for stabilizing integrin in the extended conformation. Therefore, αv β8 may not transmit bidirectional signals across the plasma membrane but instead may serve as an anchoring site with high affinity and high accessibility for extracellular ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bing-Hao Luo
- Department of Life Science, University of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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45
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Schukfeh N, Elyas A, Viemann D, Ure BM, Froemmel S, Park JK, Kuebler JF, Vieten G. Phenotypic Switch of Human Peritoneal Macrophages during Childhood. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2021; 31:86-94. [PMID: 32950032 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human peritoneal macrophages are resident in the abdominal cavity where they support the specific microenvironmental regulation. We have previously observed a phenotypic switch of murine macrophages during infancy that was associated with a functional development. To investigate the age related changes in human peritoneal macrophages, we analyzed peritoneal macrophages of children undergoing laparoscopic procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunologically healthy children who received minimally invasive surgery in our department were included in this study. In all cases, the written consent was obtained. At the beginning of laparoscopy, physiologic NaCl-solution was instilled and manually removed through the umbilical trocar to gain macrophages. Lavage cells were processed for flow cytometry analysis. CD14+ myeloid cells were monitored for specific lineage marker expression. RESULTS A total of 21 donors (age: 7 days-18 years) were included and divided into three groups. In all age groups, 97% of myeloid cells expressed CD11b. 70% of these expressed CD14. Three subsets of CD14 cells were detected on the basis of CD14/CD16 expression (CD14 + CD16dim, CD14 + CD16inter, and CD14 + CD16high). In neonates, >80% belonged to the CD14 + CD16high subset, reducing to 30% in adolescents. In none of the cases, the M2 markers CD23 and CD25 were expressed. CONCLUSION This is the first study showing that lineage marker expression of peritoneal macrophages in neonates differs from that in adults. The knowledge about neonatal tissue resident macrophages might help to understand their complex interaction and to use specific macrophage properties for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagoud Schukfeh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amr Elyas
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothee Viemann
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benno M Ure
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Froemmel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joon-Keun Park
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim F Kuebler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gertrud Vieten
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Zhang F, Zhang J, Cao P, Sun Z, Wang W. The characteristics of regulatory macrophages and their roles in transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107322. [PMID: 33418238 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) are a subtype of macrophages that are involved in regulating immune responses and inhibiting activated T lymphocyte proliferation. With advances in our basic understanding of Mregs and the revelation of their biological characteristics, Mregs have become a focus of research. In addition to promoting malignant tumor progression, Mregs also play an immunosuppressive role in inflammatory diseases and transplantation. Recent studies have shown that Mregs are closely associated with the induction of transplantation immune tolerance. Immune regulatory cell treatment as an adjunct immunosuppressive therapy offers new insights into the mechanism by which transplantation immune tolerance is established. The application of Mreg-based cellular immunotherapy has shown promise in clinical solid organ transplantation. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of Mreg morphology, phenotype, induction and negative immunoregulatory function and discuss the role of Mregs in different transplantation models as well as their potential application value in clinical organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zejia Sun
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
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Chen J, Ding ZY, Li S, Liu S, Xiao C, Li Z, Zhang BX, Chen XP, Yang X. Targeting transforming growth factor-β signaling for enhanced cancer chemotherapy. Theranostics 2021; 11:1345-1363. [PMID: 33391538 PMCID: PMC7738904 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, drugs targeting transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling have received tremendous attention for late-stage cancer treatment since TGFβ signaling has been recognized as a prime driver for tumor progression and metastasis. Nonetheless, in healthy and pre-malignant tissues, TGFβ functions as a potent tumor suppressor. Furthermore, TGFβ signaling plays a key role in normal development and homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and immune evasion, and by suppressing tumor-associated inflammation. Therefore, targeting TGFβ signaling for cancer therapy is challenging. Recently, we and others showed that blocking TGFβ signaling increased chemotherapy efficacy, particularly for nanomedicines. In this review, we briefly introduce the TGFβ signaling pathway, and the multifaceted functions of TGFβ signaling in cancer, including regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the behavior of cancer cells. We also summarize TGFβ targeting agents. Then, we highlight TGFβ inhibition strategies to restore the extracellular matrix (ECM), regulate the tumor vasculature, reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and impair the stemness of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) to enhance cancer chemotherapy efficacy. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in targeting TGFβ signaling for cancer therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ze-yang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sha Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-xiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510530, China
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Sanguinarine and Chelidonine Synergistically Induce Endosomal Toll-like Receptor and M1-Associated Mediators Expression. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds represent the great capability to stimulate several cell types. Macrophage plays an important role for an effective immune response for infection and inflammation. Isoquinoline alkaloid, sanguinarine, and chelidonine are active compounds that exhibit activity on various tumor cells and immune cells. However, the effect of these compounds on the endosomal toll-like receptor (enTLR) and type I interferon (IFN) are still unclear. The monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were cultured and were determined their cell viability and phagocytic activity to Staphylococcus aureus DMST8840. The nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were also examined. The expression of enTLRs, type I IFN, and cytokines were determined by real-time PCR. Result shows that the compounds did not affect on MDM cell viability. Sanguinarine and chelidonine enhance phagocytic activity of MDM against Staphylococcus aureus DMST8840 by revealing a higher number of bacterial survival than the MDM treated by polyI:C, and the cell control after co-culture for 3 h. The production of NO has no difference amount but iNOS mRNA production was down-regulated in sanguinarine, chelidonine and their mixed treated MDM. The expressions of enTLRs and IFN-β1 mRNA were up-regulated in both compounds and their combination. Additionally, these compounds also enhance M1-liked cytokine by up-regulated IL-6 and down-regulated IL-10 and TGF-β1, respectively. Therefore, sanguinarine and chelidonine enhance enTLR and IFN-β1 expression and trend to stimulate the cell into M1-liked MDM.
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49
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Song G, Luo BH. Atypical structure and function of integrin α V β 8. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4874-4887. [PMID: 33368230 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that play important roles in various biological processes. Most integrins serve as adhesion molecules and transmit bidirectional signaling across the cell membrane through global conformational changes from the bent closed to the extended open conformation. However, integrin β8 is distinctive in structure and function. Its cytoplasmic domain lacks the conserved protein-binding sequence, which is important in transmitting inside-out signals, suggesting that integrin β8 may have a different activation mechanism or lack such signaling. In addition, the ligand-binding or activating metal ion Mn2+ does not induce a global conformational change in integrin β8 . It may have only one conformation, that is, an extended, closed conformation, but with high affinity for ligands under physiological conditions, and is, therefore, considered an atypical integrin member. The extended structure and high ligand-binding affinity of integrin αv β8 make it ideal for encountering and binding ligands expressed on an opposing cell or in the extracellular matrix. In this review, we summarize the progress in integrin β8 research with a focus on its distinctive function and structure among integrin members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bing-Hao Luo
- Department of Life Science, University of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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50
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Henderson NC, Rieder F, Wynn TA. Fibrosis: from mechanisms to medicines. Nature 2020; 587:555-566. [PMID: 33239795 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 187.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis can affect any organ and is responsible for up to 45% of all deaths in the industrialized world. It has long been thought to be relentlessly progressive and irreversible, but both preclinical models and clinical trials in various organ systems have shown that fibrosis is a highly dynamic process. This has clear implications for therapeutic interventions that are designed to capitalize on this inherent plasticity. However, despite substantial progress in our understanding of the pathobiology of fibrosis, a translational gap remains between the identification of putative antifibrotic targets and conversion of this knowledge into effective treatments in humans. Here we discuss the transformative experimental strategies that are being leveraged to dissect the key cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate fibrosis, and the translational approaches that are enabling the emergence of precision medicine-based therapies for patients with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Henderson
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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