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Patel D, Munhoz J, Goruk S, Tsai S, Richard C, Field CJ. Maternal diet supplementation with high-docosahexaenoic-acid canola oil, along with arachidonic acid, promotes immune system development in allergy-prone BALB/c mouse offspring at 3 weeks of age. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2399-2413. [PMID: 37106253 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effects of feeding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, derived from novel canola oil), with same amount of arachidonic acid (ARA), supplemented diet to lactating dams on the immune system development of suckled offspring using a T helper type-2 (Th2)-dominant BALB/c mouse. METHODS Dams received nutritionally complete control (no ARA or DHA) or DHA + ARA diet (1% DHA and 1% ARA of total fatty acids) from 5 days pre-parturition to the end of 3-week suckling period. After euthanization, relevant tissues were collected to study fatty acids, splenocyte phenotype and function (ex vivo cytokines with/without lipopolysaccharide (LPS, bacterial challenge) or phorbol myristate acetate + ionomycin (PMAi) stimulation). RESULTS Feeding dams a DHA diet significantly increased the mammary gland milk phospholipid concentration of DHA and ARA. This resulted in 60% higher DHA levels in splenocyte phospholipids of the pups although ARA levels showed no difference. In dams fed DHA diet, significantly higher proportion of CD27+ cytotoxic T cell (CTL) and CXCR3+ CCR6- Th (enriched in Th1) were observed than control, but there were no differences in the splenocyte function upon PMAi (non-specific lymphocyte stimulant) stimulation. Pups from DHA-fed dams showed significantly higher IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α (inflammatory cytokines) by LPS-stimulated splenocytes. This may be due to higher proportion of CD86+ macrophages and B cells (all p's < 0.05) in these pups, which may influence T cell polarization. CONCLUSION Plant-based source of DHA in maternal diet resulted in higher ex vivo production of inflammatory cytokines by splenocytes due to change in their phenotype, and this can skew T cell towards Th1 response in a Th2-dominant BALB/c mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvesh Patel
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jaqueline Munhoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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2
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van Amersfort K, van der Lee A, Hagen-Plantinga E. Evidence-base for the beneficial effect of nutraceuticals in canine dermatological immune-mediated inflammatory diseases - A literature review. Vet Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36938651 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are associated with an abnormal immune response, resulting in a disturbed homeostasis and chronic inflammation. Most canine dermatological IMIDs (cDIMIDs), such as allergies, autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases, require long-term treatment with immunosuppressive drugs with potential adverse effects. In general, nutraceuticals are thought to be safe. As a result, there is a tendency for the more frequent use of nutraceuticals in veterinary medicine. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to present evidence-based proof for the use of various nutraceuticals in the treatment of cDIMIDs and, where possible, to provide conclusions to guide their use in veterinary dermatological practice. METHODS A comprehensive literature search on common cDIMIDs and nutraceuticals was performed. Only peer-reviewed articles published in English and related to the study topic were included. A total of 64 eligible publications were classified in five categories based on study design and substantively assessed on additional criteria such as standardisation of diets and number of included animals. For final appraisal, classification of major, minor or no evidence was used whereby efficacy was based on clinical outcome measurements. CONCLUSIONS Minor evidence for the beneficial use of several nutraceuticals, including essential fatty acids, niacinamide and probiotics, was found for treatment of specific cDIMIDs. These nutraceuticals may improve clinical signs or reduce the required dose of concurrent medication (e.g. drug-sparing effect) in some dogs. Some nutraceuticals also may be used for long-term maintenance therapy. Despite some promising findings, major evidence for the use of nutraceuticals in cDIMIDs is lacking, warranting further research.
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3
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Yang X, Zhi X, Song Z, Wang G, Zhao X, Chi S, Tan B. Flesh quality of hybrid grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) fed with hydrolyzed porcine mucosa-supplemented low fishmeal diet. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:114-124. [PMID: 34977381 PMCID: PMC8669251 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets containing 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% hydrolyzed porcine mucosa (namely, HPM0, HPM3, HPM6, HPM9, and HPM12) were prepared to evaluate their effects on the growth performance, muscle nutrition composition, texture property, and gene expression related to muscle growth of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Groupers were fed to apparent satiation at 08:00 and 16:00 every day for a total of 56 days. It was found that the weight gain percentage in the HPM0, HPM3, and HPM6 groups did not differ (P > 0.05). The cooking loss and drip loss of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were lower than those in the HPM6 and HPM9 groups (P < 0.05). The hardness and chewiness of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were higher than those in the HPM0, HPM9, and HPM12 groups (P < 0.05). The gumminess in the HPM3 group was higher than that in the HPM9 and HPM12 groups (P < 0.05). The total essential amino acid content of the dorsal muscle in the HPM12 group was higher than that in the HPM0 group (P < 0.05). The contents of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and total n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid, as well as the ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the dorsal muscle was higher in the HPM0 group than in all other groups (P < 0.05). The relative expressions of gene myogenic factor 5, myocyte enhancer factor 2c, myocyte enhancer factor 2a, myosin heavy chain, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and follistatin (FST) were the highest in the dorsal muscle of the HPM3 group. The results indicated that the growth performance of hybrid grouper fed a diet with 6% HPM and 27% fish meal was as good as that of the HPM0 group. When fish ingested a diet containing 3% HPM, the expression of genes TGF-β1 and FST involved in muscle growth were upregulated, and then the muscle quality related to hardness and chewiness were improved. An appropriate amount of HPM could be better used in grouper feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Xinyan Zhi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ziling Song
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Yichang Huatai Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yichang 443500, China
| | - Xumin Zhao
- Yichang Huatai Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yichang 443500, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524025, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524025, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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4
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Reilly NA, Lutgens E, Kuiper J, Heijmans BT, Jukema JW. Effects of fatty acids on T cell function: role in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:824-837. [PMID: 34253911 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T cells are among the most common cell types present in atherosclerotic plaques and are increasingly being recognized as a central mediator in atherosclerosis development and progression. At the same time, triglycerides and fatty acids have re-emerged as crucial risk factors for atherosclerosis. Triglycerides and fatty acids are important components of the milieu to which the T cell is exposed from the circulation to the plaque, and increasing evidence shows that fatty acids influence T cell function. In this Review, we discuss the effects of fatty acids on four components of the T cell response - metabolism, activation, proliferation and polarization - and the influence of these changes on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We also discuss how quiescent T cells can undergo a type of metabolic reprogramming induced by exposure to fatty acids in the circulation that influences the subsequent functions of T cells after activation, such as in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie A Reilly
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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5
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Pei L, Fukutani KF, Tibúrcio R, Rupert A, Dahlstrom EW, Galindo F, Laidlaw E, Lisco A, Manion M, Andrade BB, Sereti I. Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Dysregulated Metabolic Signatures in HIV-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693074. [PMID: 34211479 PMCID: PMC8239348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an inflammatory complication associated with an underlying opportunistic infection that can be observed in HIV-infected individuals shortly after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy, despite successful suppression of HIV viral load and CD4+ T cell recovery. Better understanding of IRIS pathogenesis would allow for targeted prevention and therapeutic approaches. In this study, we sought to evaluate the metabolic perturbations in IRIS across longitudinal time points using an unbiased plasma metabolomics approach as well as integrated analyses to include plasma inflammatory biomarker profile and whole blood transcriptome. We found that many lipid and amino acid metabolites differentiated IRIS from non-IRIS conditions prior to antiretroviral therapy and during the IRIS event, implicating the association between oxidative stress, tryptophan pathway, and lipid mediated signaling and the development of IRIS. Lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways also significantly correlated with inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-12p70 and IL-8 at the IRIS event, indicating the role of cellular metabolism on cell type specific immune activation during the IRIS episode and in turn the impact of immune activation on cellular metabolism. In conclusion, we defined the metabolic profile of IRIS and revealed that perturbations in metabolism may predispose HIV-infected individuals to IRIS development and contribute to the inflammatory manifestations during the IRIS event. Furthermore, our findings expanded our current understanding IRIS pathogenesis and highlighted the significance of lipid and amino acid metabolism in inflammatory complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxin Pei
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kiyoshi F Fukutani
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation and Biomarkers, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tibúrcio
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation and Biomarkers, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Adam Rupert
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Eric W Dahlstrom
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Frances Galindo
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth Laidlaw
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea Lisco
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maura Manion
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation and Biomarkers, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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6
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Lee J, Choi YR, Kim M, Park JM, Kang M, Oh J, Lee CJ, Park S, Kang SM, Manabe I, Ann SJ, Lee SH. Common and differential effects of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid on helper T-cell responses and associated pathways. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 33972011 PMCID: PMC8167247 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.5.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Lee
- Graduate Program of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yu Ri Choi
- Graduate Program of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Graduate Program of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jung Mi Park
- Department of Biostatistics and Computing, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Moonjong Kang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computing, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jaewon Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chan Joo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Disease Biology and Molecular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Soo-jin Ann
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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7
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Xia DN, Tan YQ, Yang JY, Zhou G. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a promising approach for the management of oral lichen planus. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:989-999. [PMID: 32770320 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disease with a risk of malignant transformation. Although the etiology of OLP is still uncertain, growing evidence suggests that oral microbiota, antigen-specific, and non-specific mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of OLP. Antigen-specific mechanisms include antigen presentation, T-cell activation, nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, and cytokine secretion, while non-specific mechanisms consist of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 upregulation, psychological pressure, oxidative damage, aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), and autophagy. Till now, there is no cure for OLP, and the main purpose of OLP therapy is symptomatic control. FINDING Seafood and its derivative omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can suppress antigen presentation, T-cell activation, and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, modulate the overexpressed inflammatory cytokines, inhibit the expression of MMP-9, as well as regulate the expression of miRNAs and autophagy. And they are possible agents for ameliorating psychological disorder and oxidative damage. Moreover, n-3 PUFAs supplementation has a beneficial effect on preventing tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION n-3 PUFAs consumption may provide a non-toxic, inexpensive administration for OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo-Na Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Qin Tan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Ya Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, 430070, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Wu H, Xu L, Ballantyne CM. Dietary and Pharmacological Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgz174. [PMID: 31678992 PMCID: PMC7174038 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The effects of dietary intake of different fatty acids and pharmacological use of fatty acids, specifically long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), on cardiovascular health and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention have been examined in a large number of observational studies and clinical trials. This review summarizes recent data and discusses potential mechanisms. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The review is based on the authors' knowledge of the field supplemented by a PubMed search using the terms seafood, fish oil, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and ASCVD. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We mainly discuss the recent clinical trials that examine the effects of different types of dietary fatty acids and pharmacological use of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD prevention and the potential mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS While replacement of dietary saturated fat with unsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat in particular, or intake of LC n-3 PUFA-rich seafood has generally shown benefit for ASCVD prevention and is recommended for cardiovascular benefits, data on effects of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD health are inconsistent. However, recent clinical trials support benefits of prescription EPA in ASCVD prevention. n-3 PUFAs may contribute to ASCVD prevention through multiple mechanisms, including lowering plasma triglyceride levels, anti-inflammatory effects, antithrombotic effects, and effects on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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9
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Radzikowska U, Rinaldi AO, Çelebi Sözener Z, Karaguzel D, Wojcik M, Cypryk K, Akdis M, Akdis CA, Sokolowska M. The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Immune Responses. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2990. [PMID: 31817726 PMCID: PMC6950146 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-derived fatty acids (FAs) are essential sources of energy and fundamental structural components of cells. They also play important roles in the modulation of immune responses in health and disease. Saturated and unsaturated FAs influence the effector and regulatory functions of innate and adaptive immune cells by changing membrane composition and fluidity and by acting through specific receptors. Impaired balance of saturated/unsaturated FAs, as well as n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FAs has significant consequences on immune system homeostasis, contributing to the development of many allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. In this paper, we discuss up-to-date knowledge and the clinical relevance of the influence of dietary FAs on the biology, homeostasis, and functions of epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, innate lymphoid cells, T cells and B cells. Additionally, we review the effects of dietary FAs on the pathogenesis of many diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis as well as type 1 and 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Arturo O Rinaldi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Çelebi Sözener
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Chest Disease, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Karaguzel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marzena Wojcik
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Cypryk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
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10
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Nicoli F, Paul S, Appay V. Harnessing the Induction of CD8 + T-Cell Responses Through Metabolic Regulation by Pathogen-Recognition-Receptor Triggering in Antigen Presenting Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2372. [PMID: 30410483 PMCID: PMC6209652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells are key players of the immune responses against viruses. During the priming of a CD8+ T-cell response, the activation of a naïve T-cell by a professional antigen presenting cell (APC) involves the induction of various intracellular and metabolic pathways. The modulation of these pathways at the level of APCs or T-cells offers great potential to enhance the induction of robust effector cells and the generation of long-lived memory cells. On the one hand, signaling through pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by APCs can greatly influence T-cell priming, and the potential of several PRR ligands as adjuvants are being studied. On the other hand, the engagement of several metabolic processes, at play in APCs and T-cells upon stimulation, implies that modulating cellular metabolism can impact on priming efficacy. Here, we review recent efforts to understand the interplay between PRR mediated signaling and metabolic pathway modulation in this context, through three examples: interplay between TLR4 and fatty acid metabolism, between TLR9 and IDO, and between STING and autophagy. These initial works highlight the potential for harnessing the induction of antiviral CD8+ T-cell responses using synergistic modulation of metabolic and PRR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stéphane Paul
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Victor Appay
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France.,International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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11
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Attakpa ES, Bertin GA, Chabi NW, Ategbo JM, Seri B, Khan NA. Moringa oleifera-rich diet and T cell calcium signaling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Res 2017; 66:753-767. [PMID: 28406707 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a plant whose fruits, roots and leaves have been advocated for traditional medicinal uses. The physicochemical analysis shows that Moringa oleifera contains more dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than saturated fatty acids (SFA). The consumption of an experimental diet enriched with Moringa oleifera extracts lowered blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but not in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats as compared to rats fed an unsupplemented control diet. Anti-CD3-stimulated T cell proliferation was diminished in both strains of rats fed the Moringa oleifera. The experimental diet lowered secretion of interleukin-2 in SHR, but not in WKY rats compared with rats fed the control diet. Studies of platelets from patients with primary hypertension and from SHR support the notion that the concentration of intracellular free calcium [Ca(2+)](i) is modified in both clinical and experimental hypertension. We observed that the basal, [Ca(2+)](i) was lower in T cells of SHR than in those of WKY rats fed the control diet. Feeding the diet with Moringa oleifera extracts to WKY rats did not alter basal [Ca(2+)](i) in T cells but increased basal [Ca(2+)](i) in SHR. Our study clearly demonstrated that Moringa oleifera exerts antihypertensive effects by inhibiting the secretion of IL-2 and modulates T cell calcium signaling in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Attakpa
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Moléculaire et Toxicologie, Département de Physiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Republic of Benin.
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12
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Hou TY, McMurray DN, Chapkin RS. Omega-3 fatty acids, lipid rafts, and T cell signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:2-9. [PMID: 26001374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown in many clinical studies to attenuate inflammatory responses. Although inflammatory responses are orchestrated by a wide spectrum of cells, CD4(+) T cells play an important role in the etiology of many chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and obesity. In light of recent concerns over the safety profiles of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alternatives such as bioactive nutraceuticals are becoming more attractive. In order for these agents to be accepted into mainstream medicine, however, the mechanisms by which nutraceuticals such as n-3 PUFA exert their anti-inflammatory effects must be fully elucidated. Lipid rafts are nanoscale, dynamic domains in the plasma membrane that are formed through favorable lipid-lipid (cholesterol, sphingolipids, and saturated fatty acids) and lipid-protein (membrane-actin cytoskeleton) interactions. These domains optimize the clustering of signaling proteins at the membrane to facilitate efficient cell signaling which is required for CD4(+) T cell activation and differentiation. This review summarizes novel emerging data documenting the ability of n-3 PUFA to perturb membrane-cytoskeletal structure and function in CD4(+) T cells. An understanding of these underlying mechanisms will provide a rationale for the use of n-3 PUFA in the treatment of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Y Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David N McMurray
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.
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13
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Delint-Ramirez I, Maldonado Ruiz R, Torre-Villalvazo I, Fuentes-Mera L, Garza Ocañas L, Tovar A, Camacho A. Genetic obesity alters recruitment of TANK-binding kinase 1 and AKT into hypothalamic lipid rafts domains. Neurochem Int 2015; 80:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Teague H, Rockett BD, Harris M, Brown DA, Shaikh SR. Dendritic cell activation, phagocytosis and CD69 expression on cognate T cells are suppressed by n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Immunology 2013; 139:386-94. [PMID: 23373457 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are bioactive n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in fish oil that exert immunosuppressive effects. A significant amount of literature shows that n-3 LCPUFAs suppress dendritic cell (DC) function in vitro; however, few studies have determined if the effects are emulated at the animal level. In this study, we first focused on the functional consequences of 5% (weight/weight) fish oil on splenic CD11c(+) DCs. Administration of n-3 LCPUFAs, modelling human pharmacological intake (2% of total kcal from EPA,1·3% from DHA), to C57BL/6 mice for 3 weeks reduced DC surface expression of CD80 by 14% and tumour necrosis factor-α secretion by 29% upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation relative to a control diet. The n-3 LCPUFAs also significantly decreased CD11c(+) surface expression and phagocytosis by 12% compared with the control diet. Antigen presentation studies revealed a 22% decrease in CD69 surface expression on transgenic CD4(+) T lymphocytes activated by DCs from mice fed fish oil. We then determined if the functional changes were mechanistically associated with changes in lipid microdomain clustering or plasma membrane microviscosity with n-3 LCPUFAs, as reported for B and T lymphocytes. Fish oil administration to mice did not influence cholera-toxin induced lipid microdomain clustering or microviscosity, even though EPA and DHA levels were significantly elevated relative to the control diet. Overall, our data show that n-3 LCPUFAs exert immunosuppressive effects on DCs, validating in vitro studies. The results also show that DC microdomain clustering and microviscosity were not changed by the n-3 LCPUFA intervention used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Teague
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Lee TWA, Kwon H, Zong H, Yamada E, Vatish M, Pessin JE, Bastie CC. Fyn deficiency promotes a preferential increase in subcutaneous adipose tissue mass and decreased visceral adipose tissue inflammation. Diabetes 2013; 62:1537-46. [PMID: 23321073 PMCID: PMC3636609 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that Fyn knockout (FynKO) mice on a standard chow diet display increased glucose clearance and whole-body insulin sensitivity associated with decreased adiposity resulting from increased fatty acid use and energy expenditure. Surprisingly, however, despite a similar extent of adipose tissue (AT) mass accumulation on a high-fat diet, the FynKO mice remained fully glucose tolerant and insulin sensitive. Physiologic analyses demonstrated that the FynKO mice had a combination of skewed AT expansion into the subcutaneous compartment rather than to the visceral depot, reduced AT inflammation associated with reduced T-cell and macrophage infiltration, and increased proportion of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. These data demonstrate that Fyn is an important regulator of whole-body integrative metabolism that coordinates AT expansion, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity in states of nutrient excess. These data further suggest that inhibition of Fyn function may provide a novel target to prevent AT inflammation, insulin resistance, and the dyslipidemia components of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wen A. Lee
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Haihong Zong
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Eijiro Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Manu Vatish
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Jeffrey E. Pessin
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Claire C. Bastie
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
- Corresponding author: Claire C. Bastie,
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Dietary flaxseed oil reduces adipocyte size, adipose monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels and T-cell infiltration in obese, insulin-resistant rats. Cytokine 2012; 59:382-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Yang X, Yao J, He X, Yang Y, Zhang B, Yuan J, Guo Y. Dietary oils modulate T-cell differentiation and IL-2 bioactivity of intestinal mucosal lymphocytes in chickens. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2011.553670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Nakajima K, Yamashita T, Kita T, Takeda M, Sasaki N, Kasahara K, Shinohara M, Rikitake Y, Ishida T, Yokoyama M, Hirata KI. Orally Administered Eicosapentaenoic Acid Induces Rapid Regression of Atherosclerosis Via Modulating the Phenotype of Dendritic Cells in LDL Receptor-Deficient Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1963-72. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.229443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, although the precise mechanism is unknown. We investigated the effect of EPA on the regression of atherosclerosis.
Methods and Results—
LDL-receptor–deficient mice were fed a high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks to build up aortic sinus atherosclerotic lesions and then were fed a normal diet with or without 5% EPA for 4 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions were histologically assessed, and immunologic assays were performed. EPA treatment significantly regressed atherosclerosis (−22.7%,
P
<0.05) and decreased the content of macrophages, CD4
+
T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) in atherosclerotic lesions, though only changing the chow never induced the regression. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that EPA increased immature DCs (CD11c
+
CD80
−
CD86
−
), increased the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in DCs, and decreased the number of CD4
+
T cells. In the presence of the IDO inhibitor, the beneficial effects of EPA on regression were inhibited, suggesting that the effect of EPA was mainly mediated through IDO.
Conclusion—
In addition to lowering plasma cholesterol, EPA regressed atherosclerosis probably due to modulation of DC phenotype and reduction in T cell numbers. The present findings might partly explain the beneficial effects of EPA in clinics and support clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nakajima
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (K.N., T.Y., T.K., M.T., N.S., K.K., M.S., Y.R., T.I., M.Y., K.H.), Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.R.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science (N.S.), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and Hyogo Brain and Heart Center (M.Y.), Himegli, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamashita
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (K.N., T.Y., T.K., M.T., N.S., K.K., M.S., Y.R., T.I., M.Y., K.H.), Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.R.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science (N.S.), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and Hyogo Brain and Heart Center (M.Y.), Himegli, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kita
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (K.N., T.Y., T.K., M.T., N.S., K.K., M.S., Y.R., T.I., M.Y., K.H.), Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.R.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science (N.S.), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and Hyogo Brain and Heart Center (M.Y.), Himegli, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takeda
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (K.N., T.Y., T.K., M.T., N.S., K.K., M.S., Y.R., T.I., M.Y., K.H.), Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.R.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science (N.S.), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and Hyogo Brain and Heart Center (M.Y.), Himegli, Japan
| | - Naoto Sasaki
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (K.N., T.Y., T.K., M.T., N.S., K.K., M.S., Y.R., T.I., M.Y., K.H.), Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.R.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science (N.S.), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and Hyogo Brain and Heart Center (M.Y.), Himegli, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kasahara
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (K.N., T.Y., T.K., M.T., N.S., K.K., M.S., Y.R., T.I., M.Y., K.H.), Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.R.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science (N.S.), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and Hyogo Brain and Heart Center (M.Y.), Himegli, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (K.N., T.Y., T.K., M.T., N.S., K.K., M.S., Y.R., T.I., M.Y., K.H.), Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.R.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science (N.S.), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and Hyogo Brain and Heart Center (M.Y.), Himegli, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (K.N., T.Y., T.K., M.T., N.S., K.K., M.S., Y.R., T.I., M.Y., K.H.), Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.R.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science (N.S.), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and Hyogo Brain and Heart Center (M.Y.), Himegli, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishida
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (K.N., T.Y., T.K., M.T., N.S., K.K., M.S., Y.R., T.I., M.Y., K.H.), Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.R.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science (N.S.), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and Hyogo Brain and Heart Center (M.Y.), Himegli, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yokoyama
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (K.N., T.Y., T.K., M.T., N.S., K.K., M.S., Y.R., T.I., M.Y., K.H.), Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.R.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science (N.S.), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and Hyogo Brain and Heart Center (M.Y.), Himegli, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hirata
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (K.N., T.Y., T.K., M.T., N.S., K.K., M.S., Y.R., T.I., M.Y., K.H.), Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.R.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Science (N.S.), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, and Hyogo Brain and Heart Center (M.Y.), Himegli, Japan
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Wang YB, Yang XJ, Qin DK, Feng Y, Guo YM, Yao JH. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on responses of LPS-stimulated intestinal B lymphocytes from broiler chickens studied in vitro. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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The polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DPA exert a protective effect in the hippocampus of the aged rat. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 32:2318.e1-15. [PMID: 20570403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Age is characterized by deficits in synaptic function identified by decreased performance of aged animals in spatial learning tasks and reduced ability of animals to sustain long term potentiation (LTP). Several cellular and molecular events are correlated with these deficits, many of which are indicative of age-related neuroinflammatory and oxidative cell stress. It is significant that agents which decrease microglial activation are commonly associated with restoration of function. We set out to examine whether the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), which is a metabolite of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), could modulate the age-related increase in microglial activation and the associated increase in oxidative changes and therefore impact on synaptic function in aged rats. We demonstrate that docosapentaenoic acid possesses neurorestorative effects and is capable of downregulating microglial activation. The data show that it also decreases the coupled activation of sphingomyelinase and caspase 3, probably because of its ability to decrease age-related oxidative changes, and consequently attenuates the age-related decrease in spatial learning and long-term potentiation.
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21
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Akhtar Khan N. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the modulation of T-cell signalling. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2010; 82:179-87. [PMID: 20189788 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to modulate immune responses. These agents, being considered as adjuvant immunosuppressants, have been used in the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of n-3 PUFA-induced immunosuppressive effects are not well-understood. Since exogenous n-3 PUFA, under in vitro and in vivo conditions, are efficiently incorporated into T-cell plasma membranes, a number of recent studies have demonstrated that these agents may modulate T-cell signalling. In this review, the interactions of n-3 PUFA with the second messenger cascade initiated during early and late events of T-cell activation are discussed. We particularly focus on how these fatty acids can modulate the production of diacylglycerol and the activation of protein kinase C, mitogen activated protein kinase, calcium signalling and translocation of transcriptional factors, implicated in the regulation of gene transcription in T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Akhtar Khan
- University of Burgundy, Department of Physiology, UPRES EA4183 Lipids and Cell Signalling, Faculty of Life Sciences, Dijon, France.
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22
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Yessoufou A, Plé A, Moutairou K, Hichami A, Khan NA. Docosahexaenoic acid reduces suppressive and migratory functions of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:2377-88. [PMID: 19561360 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m900101-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological tolerance is one of the fundamental aspects of the immune system. The CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells have emerged as key players in the development of tolerance to self and foreign antigens. However, little is known about the endogenous factors and mechanisms controlling their suppressive capacity on immune response. In this study, we observed that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, diminished, in a dose-dependent manner, the capacity of Treg cells to inhibit the CD4(+)CD25(-) effector T-cell proliferation. DHA not only reduced the migration of Treg cells toward chemokines but also downregulated the mRNA expression of CCR-4 and CXCR-4 in Treg cells. DHA also curtailed ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation and downregulated the Smad7 levels in these cells. Contradictorily, DHA upregulated the mRNA expression of Foxp3, CTLA-4, TGF-beta, and IL-10; nonetheless, this fatty acid increased the expression of p27(KIP1) mRNA, known to be involved in Treg cell unresponsiveness. In Foxp3-immunoprepitated nuclear proteins, DHA upregulated histone desacetylase 7 levels that would again participate in the unresposnsiveness of these cells. Finally, a DHA-enriched diet also diminished, ex vivo, the suppressive capacity of Treg cells. Altogether, these results suggest that DHA, by diminishing Treg cell functions, may play a key role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akadiri Yessoufou
- University of Burgundy, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur, Lipids and Cell Signaling, Faculty of Life Sciences, Dijon, France
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23
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Serini S, Piccioni E, Merendino N, Calviello G. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids as inducers of apoptosis: implications for cancer. Apoptosis 2009; 14:135-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Biondo PD, Brindley DN, Sawyer MB, Field CJ. The potential for treatment with dietary long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids during chemotherapy. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 19:787-96. [PMID: 18602809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 (or n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can affect numerous processes in the body, including cardiovascular, neurological and immune functions, as well as cancer. Studies on human cancer cell lines, animal models and preliminary trials with human subjects suggest that administration of EPA and DHA, found naturally in our diet in fatty fish, can alter toxicities and/or activity of many drugs used to treat cancer. Multiple mechanisms are proposed to explain how n-3 PUFA modulate the tumor cell response to chemotherapeutic drugs. n-3 PUFA are readily incorporated into cell membranes and lipid rafts, and their incorporation may affect membrane-associated signaling proteins such as Ras, Akt and Her-2/neu. Due to their high susceptibility to oxidation, it has also been proposed that n-3 PUFA may cause irreversible tumor cell damage through increased lipid peroxidation. n-3 PUFA may increase tumor cell susceptibility to apoptosis by altering expression or function of apoptotic proteins, or by modulating activity of survival-related transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappaB. Some studies suggest n-3 PUFA may increase drug uptake or even enhance drug activation (e.g., in the case of some nucleoside analogue drugs). Further research is warranted to identify specific mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA increase chemotherapy efficacy and to determine the optimal cellular/membrane levels of n-3 PUFA required to promote these mechanisms, such that these fatty acids may be prescribed as adjuvants to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia D Biondo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
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25
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Theilla M, Singer P, Cohen J, DeKeyser F. A diet enriched in eicosapentanoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and antioxidants in the prevention of new pressure ulcer formation in critically ill patients with acute lung injury: A randomized, prospective, controlled study. Clin Nutr 2007; 26:752-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2007.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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26
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Martins de Lima T, Gorjão R, Hatanaka E, Cury-Boaventura MF, Portioli Silva EP, Procopio J, Curi R. Mechanisms by which fatty acids regulate leucocyte function. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007; 113:65-77. [PMID: 17555405 DOI: 10.1042/cs20070006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) have been shown to alter leucocyte function and thus to modulate inflammatory and immune responses. In this review, the effects of FAs on several aspects of lymphocyte, neutrophil and macrophage function are discussed. The mechanisms by which FAs modulate the production of lipid mediators, activity of intracellular signalling pathways, activity of lipid-raft-associated proteins, binding to TLRs (Toll-like receptors), control of gene expression, activation of transcription factors, induction of cell death and production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are described in this review. The rationale for the use of specific FAs to treat patients with impaired immune function is explained. Substantial improvement in the therapeutic usage of FAs or FA derivatives may be possible based on an improvement in the understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms of action with respect to the different leucocyte types and outcome with respect to the inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Martins de Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Wang J, Ma H, Wang J, Li Q, Li Y, Li J. Long-term n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids administration ameliorates arteriosclerosis by modulating T-cell activity in a rat model of small intestine transplantation. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 381:124-30. [PMID: 17395171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish oil, rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), has been found to reduce graft rejection and increase allografts survival. But these studies mainly focused on acute rejection. We imitated long-term fish oil administration to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFAs on graft arteriosclerosis, and T cells in a rat model of small intestine transplantation. METHODS From 2 weeks pre-transplantation to the 60th day post-transplantation, the Lewis rats were supplemented by gavage with phosphate buffer saline, corn oil and fish oil respectively. Total small intestine was heterotopically transplanted from F344 to Lewis rat. Graft arteriosclerosis was assessed by histological grading of intimal thickening. The expression of CD25 and CD154, IL-2 level, and NF-kappaB activation in T cells were analyzed by western blotting, ELISA, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay respectively. RESULTS Compared with corn oil, graft arteriosclerosis was ameliorated by fish oil significantly. The expression of CD25 and CD154, IL-2 level, and NF-kappaB activation were markedly reduced by fish oil. CONCLUSIONS Long-term n-3 PUFAs administration pre- and post-transplantation could inhibit T-cell activity by reducing CD154 expression and NF-kappaB activation, which might contribute to amelioration of graft arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, PR China
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Wang H, Hao Q, Li QR, Yan XW, Ye S, Li YS, Li N, Li JS. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect lipopolysaccharide-induced maturation of dendritic cells through mitogen-activated protein kinases p38. Nutrition 2007; 23:474-82. [PMID: 17499970 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a key role as immune response modulators and suppressors of immunologic functions, such as lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and cell surface molecular expression in T lymphocytes, monocytes, and natural killer cells. However, little is known about the effect of omega-3 PUFAs on dendritic cells (DCs). We studied the effect of omega-3 PUFAs on DCs and the related intracellular signal transduction pathway. METHODS Dendritic cells were generated from human peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors and interleukin (IL)-4 and treated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexanoic acid (DHA), and stearic acid for 24 h. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used for maturation of the DCs. The expressions of CD40, CD80, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) were analyzed by flow cytometry; production of IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The proliferative ability of allogeneic T cells stimulated by DCs was evaluated by tritiated thymidine ((3)H-TdR). Western blot analysis of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was conducted. RESULTS The omega-3 PUFAs reduced expression levels of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 and major histocompatibility complex HLA-DR. IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels decreased significantly in the EPA and DHA groups. EPA and DHA also significantly reduced the proliferative ability of allogeneic T cells stimulated by DCs. The omega-3 PUFAs significantly inhibited LPS-induced p38 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION The omega-3 PUFAs may inhibit LPS-induced DC maturation and upregulate cytokine production. Impaired p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity is a potential critical intracellular signaling transduction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Institute of General Surgery, Jinglin Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang P, Kim W, Zhou L, Wang N, Ly LH, McMurray DN, Chapkin RS. Dietary fish oil inhibits antigen-specific murine Th1 cell development by suppression of clonal expansion. J Nutr 2006; 136:2391-8. [PMID: 16920860 DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.9.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the mechanisms by which dietary fish oil (FO) affects antigen-stimulated Th1 cell development, DO11.10 Rag 2(-/-) T cell receptor transgenic mice were fed a control diet (5% corn oil (CO) or a FO diet (1% CO + 4% FO, (n-3) PUFA) for 2 wk. CD4(+) T cells were cultured under neutral or Th1 polarizing conditions. FO feeding suppressed (P < 0.05) ovalbumin peptide-induced proliferation of nonpolarized CD4(+) T cells. Differentiation in vitro to Th1 cells was not affected by dietary FO, as evidenced by similar percentages of KJ1-26(+), IFN-gamma(+), IL-4(-) Th1 cells in cultures from CO-fed (99%) and FO-fed (97%) mice. However, the absolute number of viable Th1 cells in polarized cultures from FO-fed mice was less than half that observed in CO-fed mice (P < 0.05), indicating that FO inhibits in vitro Th1 clonal expansion. The reduced number of Th1 cells in FO cultures was not a result of increased apoptosis, because similar percentages of apoptotic Th1 cells were observed in cultures from FO- and CO-fed mice. IL-2-induced cell proliferation was significantly decreased in polarized Th1 cells from the FO group; however, the suppressed proliferation was not linked to reduced CD25 surface expression on antigen-stimulated CD4(+) T cells. Adoptively transferred CFSE-labeled DO11.10 CD4(+) cells into immunized mice (Th1 polarizing agents) showed that dietary FO reduced (P < 0.05) the number of cell divisions in vivo. These studies suggest that the attenuated inflammatory response which accompanies FO feeding may be explained, at least in part, by suppression of Th1 clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
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Alnajjar A, Chabane Sari D, Abuharfeil N, Hudaib M, Aburjai T. Effect of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin production and phospholipid fatty acids composition in type 2 diabetic and healthy subjects in Jordan people. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 74:347-56. [PMID: 16650969 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary lipid manipulation may affect a great number of immune parameters, such as lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine synthesis. In this study, lymphocytes of diabetic type 2 were incubated with different polyunsaturated fatty acid (docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, arachidonic acid) for investigated their effect on lymphoproliferation response, the concentration of interleukin 2 produced in each essay and phospholipid fatty acid composition of lymphocyte membrane. Our results found that the concanavalin A and insulin increase significantly the proliferative response while eicosapentaenoic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid inhibited that by different degrees: 47%, 37% and 19%, respectively, for healthy subjects and 39%, 29% and 13% for diabetes. However, the concentration of IL-2 produced in presence of either docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic or arachidonic acid was significantly reduced by 36%, 32% and 39%, respectively, in controls while 16%, 15% and 23%, respectively, in diabetics. On the other hand, the tested fatty acids demonstrated a major impact on the fatty acid composition of different phospholipid fractions of lymphocyte membrane but these fractions were different in their response to each fatty acid examined. For instance, the addition of docosahexaenoic acid to culture media was accompanied with a predominant composition of docosahexaenoic acid in phospholipid fractions. Also, our results showed a notable increased proportion of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in control phospholipid fractions than those of diabetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alnajjar
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
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Kitanaka N, Owada Y, Okuyama R, Sakagami H, Nourani MR, Aiba S, Furukawa H, Watanabe M, Ono M, Ohteki T, Kondo H. Epidermal-type fatty acid binding protein as a negative regulator of IL-12 production in dendritic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:459-66. [PMID: 16684508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2006] [Accepted: 04/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids and their metabolites have recently been shown to modulate various functions of dendritic cells (DCs) including their differentiation and cytokine production, although the mechanisms underlying their cellular functions are not fully understood. In view of our previous finding that epidermal-type fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP) was exclusively expressed in splenic DCs among FABP family, we examined the phenotype of E-FABP-null mutant mice in order to elucidate the functional significance of E-FABP expression in DCs. Although E-FABP-null mutant mice showed no apparent abnormalities in the population density and subset distribution of DCs as well as the microscopic morphology in the spleen, DCs isolated from E-FABP-null spleen showed enhanced production of IL-12p70, a key cytokine for innate immune responses, in response to appropriate stimuli as compared with wild-type. In real-time PCR, the expression level of IL-12p35 mRNA after LPS stimuli was much higher in mutant DCs when compared with wild-type, while no apparent change of IL-12p40 mRNA level was detected. Phosphorylated forms of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and IkappaB-alpha, molecules critical for IL-12 production, were detected at higher levels in E-FABP-null-mutant DCs after LPS stimuli when compared with wild-type counterparts. Collectively, it is suggested that E-FABP may be a novel negative regulator of IL-12 production in DCs, and this regulation may be exerted via its involvement in the p38MAPK-mediated transcription of IL-12p35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kitanaka
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Japan
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Selvaraj RK, Koutsos EA, Calvert CC, Klasing KC. Dietary lutein and fat interact to modify macrophage properties in chicks hatched from carotenoid deplete or replete eggs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2006; 90:70-80. [PMID: 16422772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to study the interaction between dietary lutein and fat levels in broiler chicks hatched from lutein depleted (Experiment I) and repleted (Experiment II) eggs. In both experiments, a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments resulted in six dietary treatments (fat at 3% and 6% and lutein at 0, 25 and 50 mg/kg feed) that were fed for 23 days to 18 birds per treatment (in three replications). In Experiment I, the anti-dinitrophenyl-keyhole-lympet-hemocyanin (anti-DNP-KLM) serum antibody response at day 22 and macrophage phagocytotic index at day 17 did not differ among treatment groups (p > 0.05). The concavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin-P lymphocyte proliferation index at day 19 was greater in birds fed 50 mg of lutein and 3% fat than in birds fed all other diets (p < 0.05). Independent of the level of dietary fat, dietary lutein increased macrophage (day 23) nitrite production measured 46 h after in vitro stimulation with LPS (p < 0.05). Among the birds fed lutein at 25 or 50 mg/kg feed, birds fed 3% fat had higher LPS-induced nitrite production compared to the birds fed 6% fat after 46 (p = 0.014) or 70 h (p < 0.001). In Experiment II, macrophage nitrite production was measured at 54 h after LPS stimulation on days 11, 15, 19 and 23. An interaction between dietary lutein and fat levels on nitrite production was observed on day 19 (p = 0.012), where macrophages from birds fed 0 mg lutein and 3% fat had the highest nitrite production (p = 0.012). Macrophages from birds fed lutein at 25 and 50 mg/kg diet and 3% fat had higher (p = 0.012) nitrite production than birds fed 6% fat. Thus, in birds hatched from lutein deplete and replete eggs, modulation of macrophage nitrite production by lutein is dependent on the level of dietary fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, UC Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Larbi A, Grenier A, Frisch F, Douziech N, Fortin C, Carpentier AC, Fülöp T. Acute in vivo elevation of intravascular triacylglycerol lipolysis impairs peripheral T cell activation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82:949-56. [PMID: 16280424 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/82.5.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown suppressive effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on T cell proliferation, but the precise mechanism for this effect has not been fully investigated in vivo in humans. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether this effect is the result of altered T cell membrane properties and impaired CD3- and CD28-mediated signaling in vivo in humans. DESIGN Peripheral T cells were isolated from healthy subjects before and 2 h after an intravenous infusion of heparin plus a PUFA-rich lipid emulsion during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to induce a 2.5-fold elevation in plasma linoleic acid concentration without significant change in plasma total free fatty acid concentrations. RESULTS Intravenous infusion of heparin plus the lipid emulsion reduced peripheral T cell membrane fluidity and altered lipid raft organization, both of which were associated with reduced T cell proliferation after stimulation with CD3 plus CD28. Tyrosine phosphorylation of linker of activated T cells and activation of protein kinase B in T cells were also impaired without a reduction in T cell receptor expression. In addition, acute PUFA elevation was associated with a reduction in T cell membrane cholesterol exchange with the cellular milieu ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS A selective increase in plasma linoleic acid concentration and in intravascular lipolysis has a suppressive effect on peripheral T cell CD28-dependent activation, and this effect is associated with changes in plasma membrane properties. Our results have important implications for nutritional therapy in patients at high risk of septic complications and may also be of relevance to postprandial lipid metabolism disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Larbi
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Zhang P, Smith R, Chapkin RS, McMurray DN. Dietary (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate murine Th1/Th2 balance toward the Th2 pole by suppression of Th1 development. J Nutr 2005; 135:1745-51. [PMID: 15987859 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.7.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed that dietary long-chain (n-3) PUFAs present in fish oil (FO) affect CD4(+) T cell proliferation and cytokine production in C57BL/6 mice. To test the hypothesis that the anti-inflammatory effect of dietary (n-3) PUFAs could be due to the indirect suppression of T helper (Th)1 cells by cross-regulation of enhanced Th2 activation, mice were fed a wash-out control diet [5% corn oil (CO), (n-6) PUFA] for 1 wk, followed by the control diet or a fish oil diet [1% CO + 4% FO, (n-3) PUFA] for 2 wk. Splenic CD4+ T cells were cultured under both neutral and Th2 polarizing conditions for 2 d. Cells were reactivated and analyzed for interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma by intracellular cytokine staining. Dietary fish oil significantly increased the percentage of Th2 polarized cells and suppressed Th1 cell frequency under neutral conditions. However, under Th2 polarizing conditions, although the suppression of Th1 cells was maintained in FO-fed mice, no effect was observed in Th2 cells. Dietary fish oil increased the Th2/Th1 ratio in the presence of homologous mouse serum under both neutral (P = 0.0009) and Th2 polarizing conditions (P = 0.0185). The FO diet did not significantly affect proliferation under Th2 polarizing conditions. Thus, the anti-inflammatory effects of FO may be explained in part by a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance, due to the direct suppression of Th1 development, and not by enhancement of the propensity of CD4+ T cells to be polarized toward a Th2 phenotype, at least in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
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35
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Verlengia R, Gorjão R, Kanunfre CC, Bordin S, de Lima TM, Martins EF, Newsholme P, Curi R. Effects of EPA and DHA on proliferation, cytokine production, and gene expression in Raji cells. Lipids 2004; 39:857-64. [PMID: 15669761 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of EPA and DHA on the function and gene expression of a B-lymphocyte cell line (Raji) were investigated. Proliferation; production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interferon (INF)-gamma; and expression of pleiotropic genes were evaluated. Cell proliferation was increased in the presence of 12.5 microM EPA (approximately twofold) and 12.5 microM DHA (approximately 1.5-fold). EPA and DHA (25 microM) also decreased production of the key immunoregulatory cytokines IL-10, TNF-alpha, and INF-gamma. EPA and DHA changed the expression of specific genes, but this effect was more marked for EPA (25.9% of genes investigated) compared with DHA (8.4% of genes investigated). EPA and DHA affected the expression of genes clustered as: cytokines, signal transduction, transcription, cell cycle, defense and repair, apoptosis, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton, and hormones. The most remarkable changes were observed in the genes of signal transduction and transcription. These results led us to conclude that the mechanism of DHA and EPA effects on B-lymphocyte functions includes regulation of gene expression. Thus, the ingestion of fish oil, a rich source of EPA and DHA, may have a strong effect on B-lymphocyte function in vivo. However, remarkable differences were observed between DHA and EPA, demonstrating that specific effects of these FA may be responsible for the marked differences in edible oil effects on immune function in vivo reported by others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozangela Verlengia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Chuang SS, Helvig C, Taimi M, Ramshaw HA, Collop AH, Amad M, White JA, Petkovich M, Jones G, Korczak B. CYP2U1, a novel human thymus- and brain-specific cytochrome P450, catalyzes omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of fatty acids. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:6305-14. [PMID: 14660610 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311830200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long chain fatty acids have recently emerged as critical signaling molecules in neuronal, cardiovascular, and renal processes, yet little is presently known about the precise mechanisms controlling their tissue distribution and bioactivation. We have identified a novel cytochrome P450, CYP2U1, which may play an important role in modulating the arachidonic acid signaling pathway. Northern blot and real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that CYP2U1 transcripts were most abundant in the thymus and the brain (cerebellum), indicating a specific physiological role for CYP2U1 in these tissues. Recombinant human CYP2U1 protein, expressed in baculovirus-infected Sf9 insect cells, was found to metabolize arachidonic acid exclusively to two region-specific products as determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. These metabolites were identified as 19- and 20-hydroxy-modified arachidonic acids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. In addition to omega/omega-1 hydroxylation of arachidonic acid, CYP2U1 protein also catalyzed the hydroxylation of structurally related long chain fatty acid (docosahexaenoic acid) but not fatty acids such as lauric acid or linoleic acid. This is the first report of the cloning and functional expression of a new human member of P450 family 2, CYP2U1, which metabolizes long chain fatty acids. Based on the ability of CYP2U1 to generate bioactive eicosanoid derivatives, we postulate that CYP2U1 plays an important physiological role in fatty acid signaling processes in both cerebellum and thymus.
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Verlengia R, Gorjão R, Kanunfre CC, Bordin S, de Lima TM, Curi R. Effect of arachidonic acid on proliferation, cytokines production and pleiotropic genes expression in Jurkat cells--a comparison with oleic acid. Life Sci 2003; 73:2939-51. [PMID: 14519443 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of arachidonic (AA) and oleic acids (OA) on proliferation, cytokine production and pleiotropic genes expression in Jurkat T cells were investigated. The following parameters were evaluated: cytotoxicity assessed by loss of membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation, cell proliferation as measured by [14C]-thymidine incorporation, production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and INF-gamma, and expression of pleiotropic genes as determined by macroarray technique (83 genes in total). AA was more toxic for Jurkat cells than OA. However, the inhibiting effect of OA on Jurkat cells proliferation was more pronounced than that of AA. The reduction in the production of IL-2 and INF-gamma was more intense by OA (50 microM) than by AA (5 microM). The percentage of genes changed by the fatty acids was: 20.5% (17 genes) for AA (5 microM) and only 2.4% (2 genes) for OA (50 microM). AA markedly affected the expression of genes clustered as: signal transduction pathways, transcription factors and related genes, cell cycle, defense and repair, apoptosis, DNA synthesis, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton and related genes. In particular, AA induced marked changes in cell cycle, signal transduction, and anti-apoptosis genes expression. Therefore, the effect of AA on T-lymphocyte function does involve regulation of expression of important genes, whereas oleic acid did not markedly affect gene expression of Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozangela Verlengia
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-900, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Babu US, Wiesenfeld PW, Collins TFX, Sprando R, Flynn TJ, Black T, Olejnik N, Raybourne RB. Impact of high flaxseed diet on mitogen-induced proliferation, IL-2 production, cell subsets and fatty acid composition of spleen cells from pregnant and F1 generation Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41:905-15. [PMID: 12738196 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed (FS) being rich in alpha-linolenic acid may alter the immune parameters. Therefore, we assessed the impact of FS and defatted flaxseed meal (FLM) on fatty acid composition, cell subsets, proliferation and IL-2 production by splenic lymphocytes. Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0% FS and FLM, 20 or 40% FS, 13 or 26% FLM during gestation or gestation, lactation and 8 week post-weaning period. FS and FLM resulted in up to 8.3 fold and 4.6 fold increase in splenic ALA among pregnant rats, 4.5 fold and 1.2 fold increase in splenic ALA among F(1) generation rats. Splenic linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) were 18 and 40% lower in 40% FS fed pregnant rats, and AA was 15% lower in all the other groups. Among F(1) rats, splenic LA and AA were 16 and 48% lower in 40% FS group, and AA was 18% lower in 20% FS and 26% FLM groups. Concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin mediated proliferation of spleen cells were 60 and 52% lower in 40% FS fed pregnant and F(1) generation rats, respectively. No significant changes were observed in the cell subsets or IL-2 production by splenic cells from different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Babu
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
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Hichami A, Joshi B, Simonin AM, Khan NA. Role of three isoforms of phospholipase A2 in capacitative calcium influx in human T-cells. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:5557-63. [PMID: 12423354 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted on human Jurkat T-cell lines in order to elucidate the role of phospholipase A2 in capacitative calcium entry. We have employed thapsigargin (TG) that induces increases in [Ca2+]i by emptying the calcium pool of endoplasmic reticulum, followed by capacitative calcium entry. We designed a Ca2+ free/Ca2+ reintroduction (CFCR) protocol for the experiments, conducted in Ca2+-free medium. By employing CFCR protocol, we observed that addition of exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) stimulated TG-induced capacitative calcium influx. The liberation of endogenous AA and its autocrine action seems to be implicated during TG-induced capacitative calcium influx: TG potentiates the induction of constitutively expressed mRNA of four PLA2 isoforms (type 1B, IV, V, VI), the inhibitors of the three PLA2 isotypes (type 1B, V, VI) inhibit TG-induced release of [3H]AA into the extracellular medium, and finally, these PLA2 inhibitors do curtail TG-stimulated capacitative calcium entry in these cells. These results suggest that stimulation of three isoforms of PLA2 by thapsigargin liberates free AA that, in turn, induces capacitative calcium influx in human T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Hichami
- UPRES Lipides & Nutrition, Université de Bourgogne 21000 Dijon, France; Central Jalma Research Institute for Leprosy, Agra, UP, India
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de Pablo MA, Puertollano MA, Alvarez de Cienfuegos G. Biological and clinical significance of lipids as modulators of immune system functions. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 9:945-50. [PMID: 12204942 PMCID: PMC120072 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.9.5.945-950.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A de Pablo
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
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41
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Puertollano Vacas MA, De Pablo Martínez MA. [Clinical application of fatty acids as modulating agents in immune functions]. Rev Clin Esp 2002; 202:215-6. [PMID: 12003732 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2565(02)71030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Puertollano Vacas
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Madani S, Hichami A, Legrand A, Belleville J, Khan NA. Implication of acyl chain of diacylglycerols in activation of different isoforms of protein kinase C. FASEB J 2001; 15:2595-601. [PMID: 11726535 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0753int] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized diacylglycerols (DAGs) containing omega-6 or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [i.e., 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (SAG), 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycerol (SDG), and 1-stearoyl-2-eicosapentaenoyl-sn-glycerol (SEG)] and assessed their efficiency on activation of conventional (alpha, beta I, gamma) and novel (epsilon, delta) protein kinase C (PKC). SAG exerted significantly higher stimulatory effects than SDG and SEG on activation of PKC alpha and PKC delta. Activation of PKC beta I by SEG and SDG was higher than that by SAG. Activation of PKC gamma did not differ significantly among DAG molecular species. Addition of SAG to assays containing SEG and SDG exerted additive effects on activation of alpha and epsilon, but not on beta I and gamma, isoforms of PKC. SDG- and SEG-induced activation of PKC delta was significantly curtailed by the addition of SAG. Three DAG species significantly curtailed the PMA-induced activation of beta Iota, gamma, and delta, but not of alpha and epsilon, isoforms of PKC. Our study demonstrates for the first time that in vitro activation of different PKC isoenzymes vary in response to different DAG species, and one can envisage that this differential regulation may be responsible for their in vivo effects on target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madani
- Université de Bourgogne, UPRES Lipides et Nutrition EA 2422, Faculté des Sciences, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Triboulot C, Hichami A, Denys A, Khan NA. Dietary (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids exert antihypertensive effects by modulating calcium signaling in T cells of rats. J Nutr 2001; 131:2364-9. [PMID: 11533280 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.9.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After 10 wk of feeding an experimental diet enriched with (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, 20:5(n-3)] and [DHA, 22:6(n-3)] (EPAX), blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but not in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats was reduced relative to rats fed an unsupplemented control diet. Concanavalin A-stimulated T-cell proliferation was diminished in both strains of rats fed the PUFA/EPAX diet. The experimental diet lowered secretion of interleukin-2 in SHR, but not in WKY rats compared with rats fed the control diet. To determine whether there was a defect in calcium homeostasis in T cells during hypertension, we employed the following agents: caffeine, which recruits calcium from the cytosolic Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+)-release pool; ionomycin, which at low concentrations opens calcium channels; and thapsigargin (TG), which mobilizes [Ca(2+)]i from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pool. Caffeine-induced increases in [Ca(2+)]i were not modified by the PUFA/EPAX diet. The ionomycin-induced increases in [Ca(2+)]i in T cells from SHR were greater than in those from WKY rats; consumption of the PUFA/EPAX diet did not modify Ca(2+) influx in cells of either strain. The TG-induced increases in [Ca(2+)]i in T cells from SHR were greater than those in cells from WKY rats. Interestingly, consumption of the experimental diet reduced TG-evoked increases in [Ca(2+)]i in T cells from SHR and increased those in T cells from WKY rats, indicating that the PUFA/EPAX diet could reverse the calcium mobilization from the ER pool in T cells. These results suggest that (n-3) PUFA exert antihypertensive effects and modulate T-cell calcium signaling during hypertension in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Triboulot
- UPRES Lipids & Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon 21000, France
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