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Vuong NL, Quyen NTH, Tien NTH, Duong Thi Hue K, Duyen HTL, Lam PK, Tam DTH, Van Ngoc T, Jaenisch T, Simmons CP, Yacoub S, Wills BA, Geskus R. Dengue viremia kinetics and effects on platelet count and clinical outcomes: An analysis of 2340 patients from Vietnam. eLife 2024; 13:RP92606. [PMID: 38904662 PMCID: PMC11192532 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Viremia is a critical factor in understanding the pathogenesis of dengue infection, but limited data exist on viremia kinetics. This study aimed to investigate the kinetics of viremia and its effects on subsequent platelet count, severe dengue, and plasma leakage. Methods We pooled data from three studies conducted in Vietnam between 2000 and 2016, involving 2340 dengue patients with daily viremia measurements and platelet counts after symptom onset. Viremia kinetics were assessed using a random effects model that accounted for left-censored data. The effects of viremia on subsequent platelet count and clinical outcomes were examined using a landmark approach with a random effects model and logistic regression model with generalized estimating equations, respectively. The rate of viremia decline was derived from the model of viremia kinetics. Its effect on the clinical outcomes was assessed by logistic regression models. Results Viremia levels rapidly decreased following symptom onset, with variations observed depending on the infecting serotype. DENV-1 exhibited the highest mean viremia levels during the first 5-6 days, while DENV-4 demonstrated the shortest clearance time. Higher viremia levels were associated with decreased subsequent platelet counts from day 6 onwards. Elevated viremia levels on each illness day increased the risk of developing severe dengue and plasma leakage. However, the effect size decreased with later illness days. A more rapid decline in viremia is associated with a reduced risk of the clinical outcomes. Conclusions This study provides comprehensive insights into viremia kinetics and its effect on subsequent platelet count and clinical outcomes in dengue patients. Our findings underscore the importance of measuring viremia levels during the early febrile phase for dengue studies and support the use of viremia kinetics as outcome for phase-2 dengue therapeutic trials. Funding Wellcome Trust and European Union Seventh Framework Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Lam Vuong
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
- Oxford University Clinical Research UnitHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
| | | | | | | | | | - Phung Khanh Lam
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
- Oxford University Clinical Research UnitHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
| | | | - Tran Van Ngoc
- Hospital for Tropical DiseasesHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraUnited States
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Cameron P Simmons
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- World Mosquito Program, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Sophie Yacoub
- Oxford University Clinical Research UnitHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Bridget A Wills
- Oxford University Clinical Research UnitHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Ronald Geskus
- Oxford University Clinical Research UnitHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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2
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Ratnasiri K, Zheng H, Toh J, Yao Z, Duran V, Donato M, Roederer M, Kamath M, Todd JPM, Gagne M, Foulds KE, Francica JR, Corbett KS, Douek DC, Seder RA, Einav S, Blish CA, Khatri P. Systems immunology of transcriptional responses to viral infection identifies conserved antiviral pathways across macaques and humans. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113706. [PMID: 38294906 PMCID: PMC10915397 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral pandemics and epidemics pose a significant global threat. While macaque models of viral disease are routinely used, it remains unclear how conserved antiviral responses are between macaques and humans. Therefore, we conducted a cross-species analysis of transcriptomic data from over 6,088 blood samples from macaques and humans infected with one of 31 viruses. Our findings demonstrate that irrespective of primate or viral species, there are conserved antiviral responses that are consistent across infection phase (acute, chronic, or latent) and viral genome type (DNA or RNA viruses). Leveraging longitudinal data from experimental challenges, we identify virus-specific response kinetics such as host responses to Coronaviridae and Orthomyxoviridae infections peaking 1-3 days earlier than responses to Filoviridae and Arenaviridae viral infections. Our results underscore macaque studies as a powerful tool for understanding viral pathogenesis and immune responses that translate to humans, with implications for viral therapeutic development and pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalani Ratnasiri
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jiaying Toh
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Veronica Duran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megha Kamath
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul M Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew Gagne
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph R Francica
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shirit Einav
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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3
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Plaça DR, Fonseca DLM, Marques AHC, Zaki Pour S, Usuda JN, Baiocchi GC, Prado CADS, Salgado RC, Filgueiras IS, Freire PP, Rocha V, Camara NOS, Catar R, Moll G, Jurisica I, Calich VLG, Giil LM, Rivino L, Ochs HD, Cabral-Miranda G, Schimke LF, Cabral-Marques O. Immunological signatures unveiled by integrative systems vaccinology characterization of dengue vaccination trials and natural infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1282754. [PMID: 38444851 PMCID: PMC10912564 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1282754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dengue virus infection is a global health problem lacking specific therapy, requiring an improved understanding of DENV immunity and vaccine responses. Considering the recent emerging of new dengue vaccines, here we performed an integrative systems vaccinology characterization of molecular signatures triggered by the natural DENV infection (NDI) and attenuated dengue virus infection models (DVTs). Methods and results We analyzed 955 samples of transcriptomic datasets of patients with NDI and attenuated dengue virus infection trials (DVT1, DVT2, and DVT3) using a systems vaccinology approach. Differential expression analysis identified 237 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DVTs and NDI. Among them, 28 and 60 DEGs were up or downregulated by dengue vaccination during DVT2 and DVT3, respectively, with 20 DEGs intersecting across all three DVTs. Enriched biological processes of these genes included type I/II interferon signaling, cytokine regulation, apoptosis, and T-cell differentiation. Principal component analysis based on 20 common DEGs (overlapping between DVTs and our NDI validation dataset) distinguished dengue patients by disease severity, particularly in the late acute phase. Machine learning analysis ranked the ten most critical predictors of disease severity in NDI, crucial for the anti-viral immune response. Conclusion This work provides insights into the NDI and vaccine-induced overlapping immune response and suggests molecular markers (e.g., IFIT5, ISG15, and HERC5) for anti-dengue-specific therapies and effective vaccination development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Rodrigues Plaça
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennyson Leandro M. Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H. C. Marques
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Shahab Zaki Pour
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Nakanishi Usuda
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Crispim Baiocchi
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aliane de Souza Prado
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ranieri Coelho Salgado
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Salerno Filgueiras
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Paccielli Freire
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Rocha
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Directed Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
- Fundação Pró-Sangue-Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Hematology, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vera Lúcia Garcia Calich
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lasse M. Giil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hans D. Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gustavo Cabral-Miranda
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lena F. Schimke
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Henriques P, Rosa A, Caldeira-Araújo H, Soares P, Vigário AM. Flying under the radar - impact and factors influencing asymptomatic DENV infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1284651. [PMID: 38076464 PMCID: PMC10704250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1284651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of DENV and other Flaviviruses infections represents a spectrum of severity that ranges from mild manifestations to severe disease, which can ultimately lead to death. Nonetheless, most of these infections result in an asymptomatic outcome that may play an important role in the persistent circulation of these viruses. Also, although little is known about the mechanisms that lead to these asymptomatic infections, they are likely the result of a complex interplay between viral and host factors. Specific characteristics of the infecting viral strain, such as its replicating efficiency, coupled with host factors, like gene expression of key molecules involved in the immune response or in the protection against disease, are among crucial factors to study. This review revisits recent data on factors that may contribute to the asymptomatic outcome of the world's widespread DENV, highlighting the importance of silent infections in the transmission of this pathogen and the immune status of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henriques
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rosa
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Helena Caldeira-Araújo
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Vigário
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Usuda JN, Plaça DR, Fonseca DLM, Marques AHC, Filgueiras IS, Chaves VGB, Adri AS, Torrentes-Carvalho A, Hirata MH, Freire PP, Catar R, Cabral-Miranda G, Schimke LF, Moll G, Cabral-Marques O. Interferome signature dynamics during the anti-dengue immune response: a systems biology characterization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243516. [PMID: 37638052 PMCID: PMC10449254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection manifests as a febrile illness with three distinct phases: early acute, late acute, and convalescent. Dengue can result in clinical manifestations with different degrees of severity, dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. Interferons (IFNs) are antiviral cytokines central to the anti-DENV immune response. Notably, the distinct global signature of type I, II, and III interferon-regulated genes (the interferome) remains uncharacterized in dengue patients to date. Therefore, we performed an in-depth cross-study for the integrative analysis of transcriptome data related to DENV infection. Our systems biology analysis shows that the anti-dengue immune response is characterized by the modulation of numerous interferon-regulated genes (IRGs) enriching, for instance, cytokine-mediated signaling (e.g., type I and II IFNs) and chemotaxis, which is then followed by a transcriptional wave of genes associated with cell cycle, also regulated by the IFN cascade. The adjunct analysis of disease stratification potential, followed by a transcriptional meta-analysis of the interferome, indicated genes such as IFI27, ISG15, and CYBRD1 as potential suitable biomarkers of disease severity. Thus, this study characterizes the landscape of the interferome signature in DENV infection, indicating that interferome dynamics are a crucial and central part of the anti-dengue immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Nakanishi Usuda
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Desirée Rodrigues Plaça
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennyson Leandro M. Fonseca
- Interunit PostGraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H. C. Marques
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Salerno Filgueiras
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Gabriel Bastos Chaves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anny Silva Adri
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Paccielli Freire
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rusan Catar
- Departament of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gustavo Cabral-Miranda
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lena F. Schimke
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guido Moll
- Departament of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interunit PostGraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departament of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ioannidis LJ, Studniberg SI, Eriksson EM, Suwarto S, Denis D, Liao Y, Shi W, Garnham AL, Sasmono RT, Hansen DS. Integrated systems immunology approach identifies impaired effector T cell memory responses as a feature of progression to severe dengue fever. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:24. [PMID: 37055751 PMCID: PMC10103532 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Typical symptoms of uncomplicated dengue fever (DF) include headache, muscle pains, rash, cough, and vomiting. A proportion of cases progress to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), associated with increased vascular permeability, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhages. Progression to severe dengue is difficult to diagnose at the onset of fever, which complicates patient triage, posing a socio-economic burden on health systems. METHODS To identify parameters associated with protection and susceptibility to DHF, we pursued a systems immunology approach integrating plasma chemokine profiling, high-dimensional mass cytometry and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) transcriptomic analysis at the onset of fever in a prospective study conducted in Indonesia. RESULTS After a secondary infection, progression to uncomplicated dengue featured transcriptional profiles associated with increased cell proliferation and metabolism, and an expansion of ICOS+CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells. These responses were virtually absent in cases progressing to severe DHF, that instead mounted an innate-like response, characterised by inflammatory transcriptional profiles, high circulating levels of inflammatory chemokines and with high frequencies of CD4low non-classical monocytes predicting increased odds of severe disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggests that effector memory T cell activation might play an important role ameliorating severe disease symptoms during a secondary dengue infection, and in the absence of that response, a strong innate inflammatory response is required to control viral replication. Our research also identified discrete cell populations predicting increased odds of severe disease, with potential diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Ioannidis
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie I Studniberg
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily M Eriksson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Suhendro Suwarto
- Division of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dionisius Denis
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yang Liao
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra L Garnham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - R Tedjo Sasmono
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diana S Hansen
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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7
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Garishah FM, Boahen CK, Vadaq N, Pramudo SG, Tunjungputri RN, Riswari SF, van Rij RP, Alisjahbana B, Gasem MH, van der Ven AJAM, de Mast Q. Longitudinal proteomic profiling of the inflammatory response in dengue patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011041. [PMID: 36595532 PMCID: PMC9838874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunopathogenesis of dengue virus (DENV) infection remains incompletely understood. To increase our understanding of inflammatory response in non-severe dengue, we assessed longitudinal changes in the inflammatory proteome in patients with an acute DENV infection. METHODS Using a multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA), we measured relative levels of 368 inflammatory markers in plasma samples from hospitalized patients with non-severe DENV infection in the acute (n = 43) and convalescence (n = 35) phase of the infection and samples of healthy controls (n = 10). RESULTS We identified 203 upregulated and 39 downregulated proteins in acute versus convalescent plasma samples. The upregulated proteins had a strong representation of interferon (IFN) and IFN-inducible effector proteins, cytokines (e.g. IL-10, IL-33) and cytokine receptors, chemokines, pro-apoptotic proteins (e.g. granzymes) and endothelial markers. A number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) have not been reported in previous studies. Functional network analysis highlighted a central role for IFNγ, IL-10, IL-33 and chemokines. We identified different novel associations between inflammatory proteins and circulating concentrations of the endothelial glycocalyx disruption surrogate marker syndecan-1. Conclusion: This unbiased proteome analysis provides a comprehensive insight in the inflammatory response in DENV infection and its association with glycocalyx disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadel Muhammad Garishah
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Collins K. Boahen
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadira Vadaq
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Setyo G. Pramudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diponegoro National University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, William Booth Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Rahajeng N. Tunjungputri
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Silvita Fitri Riswari
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease (RC3ID), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ronald P. van Rij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease (RC3ID), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hussein Gasem
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diponegoro National University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - André J. A. M. van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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8
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Waickman AT, Newell K, Endy TP, Thomas SJ. Biologics for dengue prevention: up-to-date. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:73-87. [PMID: 36417290 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2151837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue is a worsening global public health problem. The vector-viral-host interactions driving the pathogenesis of dengue are multi-dimensional. Sequential dengue virus (DENV) infections with different DENV types significantly increase the risk of severe disease. Treatment is supportive in nature as there are no licensed anti-DENV antivirals or immuno-therapeutics. A single dengue vaccine has widely been licensed with two others in advanced clinical development. Dengvaxia® has been licensed in numerous countries but uptake has been slow as a result of safety signals noted in the youngest recipients and those who were dengue naïve at the time of vaccination. AREAS COVERED In this review, the current state of dengue vaccine and antiviral drug development will be discussed as well as new developments in controlled human infection models to support product development. EXPERT OPINION The world needs a safe and efficacious tetravalent dengue vaccine capable of protecting multiple different populations across a broad age range and different flavivirus immunologic backgrounds. Safe and effective antivirals are also needed to prevent or attenuate dengue disease in the unvaccinated, in cases of vaccine failure, or in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Waickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Krista Newell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Timothy P Endy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY USA
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9
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Srivastava S, Chaudhary N, Dhembla C, Sundd M, Gupta S, Patel AK. STAT3 inhibition mediated upregulation of multiple immune response pathways in dengue infection. Virology 2023; 578:81-91. [PMID: 36473280 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dengue infection is a world-wide public health threat infecting millions of people annually. Till date no specific antiviral or vaccine is available against dengue virus. Recent evidence indicates that targeting host STAT3 could prove to be an effective antiviral therapy against dengue infection. To explore the potential of STAT3 inhibition as an antiviral strategy, we utilized a STAT3 inhibitor stattic as antiviral agent and performed whole proteome analysis of mammalian cells by mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins among the infected and stattic treated groups were sorted based on their fold change expression and their functional annotation studies were carried out to establish their biological networks. The results presented in the current study indicated that treatment with stattic induces several antiviral pathways to counteract dengue infection. Together with this, we also observed that treatment with stattic downregulates pathways involved in viral transcription and translation thus establishing STAT3 as a suitable target for the development of antiviral interventions. This study establishes the role of STAT3 inhibition as an alternative strategy to counteract DENV pathogenesis. Targeting STAT3 by stattic or similar molecules may help in identifying novel therapeutic interventions against DENV and probably other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Srivastava
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Nidhi Chaudhary
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Chetna Dhembla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Monica Sundd
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Sunny Gupta
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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10
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Rao AM, Popper SJ, Gupta S, Davong V, Vaidya K, Chanthongthip A, Dittrich S, Robinson MT, Vongsouvath M, Mayxay M, Nawtaisong P, Karmacharya B, Thair SA, Bogoch I, Sweeney TE, Newton PN, Andrews JR, Relman DA, Khatri P. A robust host-response-based signature distinguishes bacterial and viral infections across diverse global populations. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100842. [PMID: 36543117 PMCID: PMC9797950 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Limited sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostics lead to the erroneous prescription of antibiotics. Host-response-based diagnostics could address these challenges. However, using 4,200 samples across 69 blood transcriptome datasets from 20 countries from patients with bacterial or viral infections representing a broad spectrum of biological, clinical, and technical heterogeneity, we show current host-response-based gene signatures have lower accuracy to distinguish intracellular bacterial infections from viral infections than extracellular bacterial infections. Using these 69 datasets, we identify an 8-gene signature to distinguish intracellular or extracellular bacterial infections from viral infections with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) > 0.91 (85.9% specificity and 90.2% sensitivity). In prospective cohorts from Nepal and Laos, the 8-gene classifier distinguished bacterial infections from viral infections with an AUROC of 0.94 (87.9% specificity and 91% sensitivity). The 8-gene signature meets the target product profile proposed by the World Health Organization and others for distinguishing bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya M. Rao
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Dr., Biomedical Innovation Building, Room 1553, Stanford, CA, USA,Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J. Popper
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanjana Gupta
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Dr., Biomedical Innovation Building, Room 1553, Stanford, CA, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Viengmon Davong
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Krista Vaidya
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavrepalanchok, Nepal
| | - Anisone Chanthongthip
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Sabine Dittrich
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew T. Robinson
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manivanh Vongsouvath
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Mayfong Mayxay
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Institute of Research and Education Development (IRED), University of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Pruksa Nawtaisong
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Biraj Karmacharya
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavrepalanchok, Nepal
| | - Simone A. Thair
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Dr., Biomedical Innovation Building, Room 1553, Stanford, CA, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isaac Bogoch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Paul N. Newton
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason R. Andrews
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A. Relman
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Dr., Biomedical Innovation Building, Room 1553, Stanford, CA, USA,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Dr., Biomedical Innovation Building, Room 1553, Stanford, CA, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,Corresponding author
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11
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Yong YK, Wong WF, Vignesh R, Chattopadhyay I, Velu V, Tan HY, Zhang Y, Larsson M, Shankar EM. Dengue Infection - Recent Advances in Disease Pathogenesis in the Era of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889196. [PMID: 35874775 PMCID: PMC9299105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of host-virus interactions, and impairment of the host’s immune surveillance by dengue virus (DENV) serotypes largely remain ambiguous. Several experimental and preclinical studies have demonstrated how the virus brings about severe disease by activating immune cells and other key elements of the inflammatory cascade. Plasmablasts are activated during primary and secondary infections, and play a determinative role in severe dengue. The cross-reactivity of DENV immune responses with other flaviviruses can have implications both for cross-protection and severity of disease. The consequences of a cross-reactivity between DENV and anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses are highly relevant in endemic areas. Here, we review the latest progress in the understanding of dengue immunopathogenesis and provide suggestions to the development of target strategies against dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Kong Yong
- Laboratory Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Esaki M. Shankar, ; Yean Kong Yong,
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramachandran Vignesh
- Preclinical Department, Royal College of Medicine Perak (UniKL RCMP), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Cancer and Microbiome Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA, United States
| | - Hong Yien Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Ying Zhang
- Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Marie Larsson
- Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Esaki M. Shankar
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
- *Correspondence: Esaki M. Shankar, ; Yean Kong Yong,
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12
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Aisenberg LK, Rousseau KE, Cascino K, Massaccesi G, Aisenberg WH, Luo W, Muthumani K, Weiner DB, Whitehead SS, Chattergoon MA, Durbin AP, Cox AL. Cross-reactive antibodies facilitate innate sensing of dengue and Zika viruses. JCI Insight 2022; 7:151782. [PMID: 35588060 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti mosquito transmits both dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses. Individuals in endemic areas are at risk for infection with both viruses as well as repeated DENV infection. In the presence of anti-DENV antibodies, outcomes of secondary DENV infection range from mild to life-threatening. Further, the role of cross-reactive antibodies on the course of ZIKV infection remains unclear.We assessed the ability of cross-reactive DENV monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal immunoglobulin isolated after DENV vaccination to upregulate type I interferon (IFN) production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in response to both heterotypic DENV- and ZIKV- infected cells. We found a range in the ability of antibodies to increase pDC IFN production and a positive correlation between IFN production and the ability of an antibody to bind to the infected cell surface. Engagement of Fc receptors on the pDC and Fab binding of an epitope on infected cells was required to mediate increased IFN production by providing specificity to and promoting pDC sensing of DENV or ZIKV. This represents a mechanism independent of neutralization by which pre-existing cross-reactive DENV antibodies could protect a subset of individuals from severe outcomes during secondary heterotypic DENV or ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Aisenberg
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Kimberly E Rousseau
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Katherine Cascino
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Guido Massaccesi
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - William H Aisenberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Wensheng Luo
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Stephen S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Michael A Chattergoon
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Anna P Durbin
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Andrea L Cox
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
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13
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Innate Immune Response to Dengue Virus: Toll-like Receptors and Antiviral Response. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050992. [PMID: 35632732 PMCID: PMC9147118 DOI: 10.3390/v14050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV1-4). The clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and/or Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Viral and host factors are related to the clinical outcome of dengue, although the disease pathogenesis remains uncertain. The innate antiviral response to DENV is implemented by a variety of immune cells and inflammatory mediators. Blood monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and tissue macrophages are the main target cells of DENV infection. These cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Pathogen recognition is a critical step in eliciting the innate immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are responsible for the innate recognition of pathogens and represent an essential component of the innate and adaptive immune response. Ten different TLRs are described in humans, which are expressed in many different immune cells. The engagement of TLRs with viral PAMPs triggers downstream signaling pathways leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines, interferons (IFNs) and other molecules essential for the prevention of viral replication. Here, we summarize the crucial TLRs’ roles in the antiviral innate immune response to DENV and their association with viral pathogenesis.
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14
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Liu YE, Saul S, Rao AM, Robinson ML, Agudelo Rojas OL, Sanz AM, Verghese M, Solis D, Sibai M, Huang CH, Sahoo MK, Gelvez RM, Bueno N, Estupiñan Cardenas MI, Villar Centeno LA, Rojas Garrido EM, Rosso F, Donato M, Pinsky BA, Einav S, Khatri P. An 8-gene machine learning model improves clinical prediction of severe dengue progression. Genome Med 2022; 14:33. [PMID: 35346346 PMCID: PMC8959795 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01034-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Each year 3-6 million people develop life-threatening severe dengue (SD). Clinical warning signs for SD manifest late in the disease course and are nonspecific, leading to missed cases and excess hospital burden. Better SD prognostics are urgently needed. METHODS We integrated 11 public datasets profiling the blood transcriptome of 365 dengue patients of all ages and from seven countries, encompassing biological, clinical, and technical heterogeneity. We performed an iterative multi-cohort analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between non-severe patients and SD progressors. Using only these DEGs, we trained an XGBoost machine learning model on public data to predict progression to SD. All model parameters were "locked" prior to validation in an independent, prospectively enrolled cohort of 377 dengue patients in Colombia. We measured expression of the DEGs in whole blood samples collected upon presentation, prior to SD progression. We then compared the accuracy of the locked XGBoost model and clinical warning signs in predicting SD. RESULTS We identified eight SD-associated DEGs in the public datasets and built an 8-gene XGBoost model that accurately predicted SD progression in the independent validation cohort with 86.4% (95% CI 68.2-100) sensitivity and 79.7% (95% CI 75.5-83.9) specificity. Given the 5.8% proportion of SD cases in this cohort, the 8-gene model had a positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) of 20.9% (95% CI 16.7-25.6) and 99.0% (95% CI 97.7-100.0), respectively. Compared to clinical warning signs at presentation, which had 77.3% (95% CI 58.3-94.1) sensitivity and 39.7% (95% CI 34.7-44.9) specificity, the 8-gene model led to an 80% reduction in the number needed to predict (NNP) from 25.4 to 5.0. Importantly, the 8-gene model accurately predicted subsequent SD in the first three days post-fever onset and up to three days prior to SD progression. CONCLUSIONS The 8-gene XGBoost model, trained on heterogeneous public datasets, accurately predicted progression to SD in a large, independent, prospective cohort, including during the early febrile stage when SD prediction remains clinically difficult. The model has potential to be translated to a point-of-care prognostic assay to reduce dengue morbidity and mortality without overwhelming limited healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran E. Liu
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Cancer Biology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
| | - Sirle Saul
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
| | - Aditya Manohar Rao
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Immunology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
| | - Makeda Lucretia Robinson
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
| | | | - Ana Maria Sanz
- grid.477264.4Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Michelle Verghese
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
| | - Daniel Solis
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
| | - Mamdouh Sibai
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
| | - Chun Hong Huang
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
| | - Malaya Kumar Sahoo
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
| | - Rosa Margarita Gelvez
- Centro de Atención y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CDI), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Bueno
- Centro de Atención y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CDI), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Rosso
- grid.477264.4Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia ,grid.477264.4Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Michele Donato
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Pinsky
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
| | - Shirit Einav
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA Stanford, USA
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15
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Differential Analysis and Putative Roles of Genes, Cytokines and Apoptotic Proteins in Blood Samples of Patients with Respiratory Viral Infections: A Single Center Study. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.4.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into the molecular pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections were investigated using serum and peripheral blood from patients with clinical syndromes. Signatures of expression of cytokines, genes and apoptotic proteins that discriminate symptomatic individuals from healthy individuals were determined among 21 patients. In symptomatic patients, significant upregulation of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, TNF-a and IFN-g (P<0.05) was noted, while IL-10 was significantly downregulated (P<0.05). This is accompanied by either up or down-regulation of various pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers, suggesting a protective role of immune responses against viral infection and the capacity of viruses to subvert host cell apoptosis. Gene expression analysis for both T and B cells were categorized according to their functional status of activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Of note, genes SH2D1A and TCL1A were upregulated only in rhinovirus samples, while PSMB7, CD4, CD8A, HLA-DMA, HLA-DRA and CD69 were upregulated in samples of Flu A and RSV but were not significant in samples of rhinovirus as compared to healthy individuals. These results demonstrated Flu A and RSV elicit different alterations in human peripheral blood gene expression as compared to rhinovirus. Overall, despite the small number of study subjects, the current study for the first time has recognized signature genes, cytokines and proteins that are used by some respiratory viruses that may serve as candidates for rapid diagnosis as well as targets for therapeutic interventions.
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16
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Hanley JP, Tu HA, Dragon JA, Dickson DM, Rio-Guerra RD, Tighe SW, Eckstrom KM, Selig N, Scarpino SV, Whitehead SS, Durbin AP, Pierce KK, Kirkpatrick BD, Rizzo DM, Frietze S, Diehl SA. Immunotranscriptomic profiling the acute and clearance phases of a human challenge dengue virus serotype 2 infection model. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3054. [PMID: 34031380 PMCID: PMC8144425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
About 20-25% of dengue virus (DENV) infections become symptomatic ranging from self-limiting fever to shock. Immune gene expression changes during progression to severe dengue have been documented in hospitalized patients; however, baseline or kinetic information is difficult to standardize in natural infection. Here we profile the host immunotranscriptome response in humans before, during, and after infection with a partially attenuated rDEN2Δ30 challenge virus (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02021968). Inflammatory genes including type I interferon and viral restriction pathways are induced during DENV2 viremia and return to baseline after viral clearance, while others including myeloid, migratory, humoral, and growth factor immune regulation factors pathways are found at non-baseline levels post-viremia. Furthermore, pre-infection baseline gene expression is useful to predict rDEN2Δ30-induced immune responses and the development of rash. Our results suggest a distinct immunological profile for mild rDEN2Δ30 infection and offer new potential biomarkers for characterizing primary DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Hanley
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Translational Global Infectious Disease Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Huy A Tu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Julie A Dragon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vermont Integrated Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Dorothy M Dickson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Translational Global Infectious Disease Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Roxana Del Rio-Guerra
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Facility, Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Scott W Tighe
- Vermont Integrated Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Korin M Eckstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vermont Integrated Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nicholas Selig
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Stephen S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna P Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristen K Pierce
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Translational Global Infectious Disease Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Translational Global Infectious Disease Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Donna M Rizzo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Seth Frietze
- Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sean A Diehl
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Translational Global Infectious Disease Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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17
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Assessing the risk of dengue severity using demographic information and laboratory test results with machine learning. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008960. [PMID: 33362244 PMCID: PMC7757819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus causes a wide spectrum of disease, which ranges from subclinical disease to severe dengue shock syndrome. However, estimating the risk of severe outcomes using clinical presentation or laboratory test results for rapid patient triage remains a challenge. Here, we aimed to develop prognostic models for severe dengue using machine learning, according to demographic information and clinical laboratory data of patients with dengue. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Out of 1,581 patients in the National Cheng Kung University Hospital with suspected dengue infections and subjected to NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG, and qRT-PCR tests, 798 patients including 138 severe cases were enrolled in the study. The primary target outcome was severe dengue. Machine learning models were trained and tested using the patient dataset that included demographic information and qualitative laboratory test results collected on day 1 when they sought medical advice. To develop prognostic models, we applied various machine learning methods, including logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting machine, support vector classifier, and artificial neural network, and compared the performance of the methods. The artificial neural network showed the highest average discrimination area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.8324 ± 0.0268) and balance accuracy (0.7523 ± 0.0273). According to the model explainer that analyzed the contributions/co-contributions of the different factors, patient age and dengue NS1 antigenemia were the two most important risk factors associated with severe dengue. Additionally, co-existence of anti-dengue IgM and IgG in patients with dengue increased the probability of severe dengue. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We developed prognostic models for the prediction of dengue severity in patients, using machine learning. The discriminative ability of the artificial neural network exhibited good performance for severe dengue prognosis. This model could help clinicians obtain a rapid prognosis during dengue outbreaks. However, the model requires further validation using external cohorts in future studies.
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Abstract
Flaviviruses are a genus of mostly arthropod-borne RNA viruses that cause a range of pathologies in humans. Basic knowledge on flaviviruses is rapidly expanding, partly due to their status as frequent emerging or re-emerging pathogens. Flaviviruses include the dengue, Zika, West Nile, tick-borne encephalitis and yellow fever viruses (DENV, ZIKV, WNV, TBEV and YFV, respectively). As is the case with other families of viruses, the success of productive infection of human cells by flaviviruses depends in part on the antiviral activity of a heterogeneous group of cellular antiviral proteins called restriction factors. Restriction factors are the effector proteins of the cell-autonomous innate response against viruses, an immune pathway that also includes virus sensors as well as intracellular and extracellular signal mediators such as type I interferons (IFN-I). In this review, I summarize recent progress toward the identification and characterization of flavivirus restriction factors. In particular, I focus on IFI6, Schlafen 11, FMRP, OAS-RNase L, RyDEN, members of the TRIM family of proteins (TRIM5α, TRIM19, TRIM56, TRIM69 and TRIM79α) and a new mechanism of action proposed for viperin. Recent and future studies on this topic will lead to a more complete picture of the flavivirus restrictome, defined as the ensemble of cellular factors with demonstrated anti-flaviviral activity.
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19
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Robinson M, Einav S. Towards Predicting Progression to Severe Dengue. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:478-486. [PMID: 31982232 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for prognostic assays to predict progression to severe dengue infection, which is a major global threat. While the majority of symptomatic dengue patients experience an acute febrile illness, 5-20% progress to severe infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early monitoring and administration of supportive care reduce mortality and clinically usable biomarkers to predict severe dengue are needed. Here, we review recent discoveries of gene sets, anti-dengue antibody properties, and inflammatory markers with potential utility as predictors of disease progression. Upon larger scale validation and development of affordable sample-to-answer technologies, some of these biomarkers may be utilized to develop the first prognostic assay for improving patient care and allocating healthcare resources more effectively in dengue endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makeda Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shirit Einav
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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20
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Grifoni A, Tian Y, Sette A, Weiskopf D. Transcriptomic immune profiles of human flavivirus-specific T-cell responses. Immunology 2020; 160:3-9. [PMID: 31778581 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus of viruses includes dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), yellow fever (YFV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), and West Nile (WNV) viruses. Infections with these species combined are prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical areas, affecting millions of people and ranging from asymptomatic to severe forms of the disease. They therefore pose a serious threat to global public health. Several studies imply a role for T cells in the protection but also pathogenesis against the different flavivirus species. Identifying flavivirus-specific T-cell immune profiles and determining how pre-exposure of one species might affect the immune response against subsequent infections from other species is important to further define the role of T cells in the immune response against infection. Understanding the immune profiles of the flavivirus-specific T-cell response in natural infection is important to understand the T-cell response in the context of vaccination. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on human immune profiles of flavivirus-specific T-cell reactivity, comparing natural infection with the acute form of the disease and vaccination in different flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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21
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Yu J, Peterson DR, Baran AM, Bhattacharya S, Wylie TN, Falsey AR, Mariani TJ, Storch GA. Host Gene Expression in Nose and Blood for the Diagnosis of Viral Respiratory Infection. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1151-1161. [PMID: 30339221 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently there has been a growing interest in the potential for host transcriptomic analysis to augment the diagnosis of infectious diseases. METHODS We compared nasal and blood samples for evaluation of the host transcriptomic response in children with acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, symptomatic non-RSV respiratory virus infection, asymptomatic rhinovirus infection, and virus-negative asymptomatic controls. We used nested leave-one-pair-out cross-validation and supervised principal components analysis to define small sets of genes whose expression patterns accurately classified subjects. We validated gene classification scores using an external data set. RESULTS Despite lower quality of nasal RNA, the number of genes detected by microarray in each sample type was equivalent. Nasal gene expression signal derived mainly from epithelial cells but also included a variable leukocyte contribution. The number of genes with increased expression in virus-infected children was comparable in nasal and blood samples, while nasal samples also had decreased expression of many genes associated with ciliary function and assembly. Nasal gene expression signatures were as good or better for discriminating between symptomatic, asymptomatic, and uninfected children. CONCLSUSIONS Our results support the use of nasal samples to augment pathogen-based tests to diagnose viral respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Yu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Derick R Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York
| | - Andrea M Baran
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York
| | - Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York
| | - Todd N Wylie
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ann R Falsey
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York
| | - Gregory A Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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22
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Dengue virus envelope protein domain III induces pro-inflammatory signature and triggers activation of inflammasome. Cytokine 2019; 123:154780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Robinson M, Sweeney TE, Barouch-Bentov R, Sahoo MK, Kalesinskas L, Vallania F, Sanz AM, Ortiz-Lasso E, Albornoz LL, Rosso F, Montoya JG, Pinsky BA, Khatri P, Einav S. A 20-Gene Set Predictive of Progression to Severe Dengue. Cell Rep 2019; 26:1104-1111.e4. [PMID: 30699342 PMCID: PMC6352713 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to identify biomarkers predictive of severe dengue. Single-cohort transcriptomics has not yielded generalizable results or parsimonious, predictive gene sets. We analyzed blood samples of dengue patients from seven gene expression datasets (446 samples, five countries) using an integrated multi-cohort analysis framework and identified a 20-gene set that predicts progression to severe dengue. We validated the predictive power of this 20-gene set in three retrospective dengue datasets (84 samples, three countries) and a prospective Colombia cohort (34 patients), with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89, 100% sensitivity, and 76% specificity. The 20-gene dengue severity scores declined during the disease course, suggesting an infection-triggered host response. This 20-gene set is strongly associated with the progression to severe dengue and represents a predictive signature, generalizable across ages, host genetic factors, and virus strains, with potential implications for the development of a host response-based dengue prognostic assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makeda Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Timothy E Sweeney
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rina Barouch-Bentov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Malaya Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Larry Kalesinskas
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Vallania
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ana Maria Sanz
- Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Eliana Ortiz-Lasso
- Pathology and Laboratory Department, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Fernando Rosso
- Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jose G Montoya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Shirit Einav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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24
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Suppression of Type I Interferon Signaling by Flavivirus NS5. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120712. [PMID: 30558110 PMCID: PMC6316265 DOI: 10.3390/v10120712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) is the first line of mammalian host defense against viral infection. To counteract this, the flaviviruses, like other viruses, have encoded a variety of antagonists, and use a multi-layered molecular defense strategy to establish their infections. Among the most potent antagonists is non-structural protein 5 (NS5), which has been shown for all disease-causing flaviviruses to target different steps and players of the type I IFN signaling pathway. Here, we summarize the type I IFN antagonist mechanisms used by flaviviruses with a focus on the role of NS5 in regulating one key regulator of type I IFN, signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2).
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25
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Popper SJ, Strouts FR, Lindow JC, Cheng HK, Montoya M, Balmaseda A, Durbin AP, Whitehead SS, Harris E, Kirkpatrick BD, Relman DA. Early Transcriptional Responses After Dengue Vaccination Mirror the Response to Natural Infection and Predict Neutralizing Antibody Titers. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:1911-1921. [PMID: 30010906 PMCID: PMC6217718 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several promising live attenuated dengue vaccines are in development, but information about innate immune responses and early correlates of protection is lacking. Methods We characterized human genome-wide transcripts in whole blood from 10 volunteers at 11 time points after immunization with the dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) component of the National Institutes of Health dengue vaccine candidate TV003 and from 30 hospitalized children with acute primary DENV-3 infection. We compared day-specific gene expression patterns with subsequent neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers. Results The transcriptional response to vaccination was largely confined to days 5-20 and was dominated by an interferon-associated signature and a cell cycle signature that peaked on days 8 and 14, respectively. Changes in transcript abundance were much greater in magnitude and scope in symptomatic natural infection than following vaccination (maximum fold-change >200 vs 21 postvaccination; 3210 vs 286 transcripts with significant fold-change), but shared gene modules were induced in the same sequence. The abundances of 131 transcripts on days 8 and 9 postvaccination were strongly correlated with NAb titers measured 6 weeks postvaccination. Conclusions Live attenuated dengue vaccination elicits early transcriptional responses that mirror those found in symptomatic natural infection and provide candidate early markers of protection against DENV infection. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00831012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Popper
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | - Fiona R Strouts
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | - Janet C Lindow
- Vaccine Testing Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - Henry K Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | - Magelda Montoya
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Anna P Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - Stephen S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- Vaccine Testing Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, California
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26
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Nguyen THT, Clapham HE, Phung KL, Nguyen TK, DInh TT, Nguyen THQ, Tran VN, Whitehead S, Simmons C, Wolbers M, Wills B. Methods to discriminate primary from secondary dengue during acute symptomatic infection. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:375. [PMID: 30086716 PMCID: PMC6081805 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus infection results in a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic infection through to severe dengue. Although prior infection with another viral serotype, i.e. secondary dengue, is known to be an important factor influencing disease severity, current methods to determine primary versus secondary immune status during the acute illness do not consider the rapidly evolving immune response, and their accuracy has rarely been evaluated against an independent gold standard. METHODS Two hundred and ninety-three confirmed dengue patients were classified as experiencing primary, secondary or indeterminate infections using plaque reduction neutralisation tests performed 6 months after resolution of the acute illness. We developed and validated regression models to differentiate primary from secondary dengue on multiple acute illness days, using Panbio Indirect IgG and in-house capture IgG and IgM ELISA measurements performed on over 1000 serial samples obtained during acute illness. RESULTS Cut-offs derived for the various parameters demonstrated progressive change (positively or negatively) by day of illness. Using these time varying cut-offs it was possible to determine whether an infection was primary or secondary on single specimens, with acceptable performance. The model using Panbio Indirect IgG responses and including an interaction with illness day showed the best performance throughout, although with some decline in performance later in infection. Models based on in-house capture IgG levels, and the IgM/IgG ratio, also performed well, though conversely performance improved later in infection. CONCLUSIONS For all assays, the best fitting models estimated a different cut-off value for different days of illness, confirming how rapidly the immune response changes during acute dengue. The optimal choice of assay will vary depending on circumstance. Although the Panbio Indirect IgG model performs best early on, the IgM/IgG capture ratio may be preferred later in the illness course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hanh Tien Nguyen
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hannah E. Clapham
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Khanh Lam Phung
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Kieu Nguyen
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - The Trung DInh
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Than Ha Quyen Nguyen
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van Ngoc Tran
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Stephen Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Cameron Simmons
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nossal Institute of Global Health, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Marcel Wolbers
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bridget Wills
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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27
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Guy B. Which Dengue Vaccine Approach Is the Most Promising, and Should We Be Concerned about Enhanced Disease after Vaccination? Questions Raised by the Development and Implementation of Dengue Vaccines: Example of the Sanofi Pasteur Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029462. [PMID: 28716892 PMCID: PMC5983191 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a still-growing public health concern in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The development and implementation of an effective dengue vaccine in these regions is a high priority. This insight focuses on the expected characteristics of a safe and efficacious vaccine, referring to the clinical experience obtained during the development of the first tetravalent dengue vaccine from Sanofi Pasteur, now licensed in several endemic countries. Safety and efficacy data from both short- and long-term follow-up of large-scale efficacy studies will be discussed, as well as the next steps following vaccine introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Guy
- Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 69007 Lyon, France
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28
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Nikolayeva I, Bost P, Casademont I, Duong V, Koeth F, Prot M, Czerwinska U, Ly S, Bleakley K, Cantaert T, Dussart P, Buchy P, Simon-Lorière E, Sakuntabhai A, Schwikowski B. A Blood RNA Signature Detecting Severe Disease in Young Dengue Patients at Hospital Arrival. J Infect Dis 2018; 217:1690-1698. [PMID: 29490079 PMCID: PMC5946912 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection of severe dengue can improve patient care and survival. To date, no reliable single-gene biomarker exists. We hypothesized that robust multigene signatures exist. Methods We performed a prospective study on Cambodian dengue patients aged 4 to 22 years. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained at hospital admission. We analyzed 42 transcriptomic profiles of patients with secondary dengue infected with dengue serotype 1. Our novel signature discovery approach controls the number of included genes and captures nonlinear relationships between transcript concentrations and severity. We evaluated the signature on secondary cases infected with different serotypes using 2 datasets: 22 PBMC samples from additional patients in our cohort and 32 whole blood samples from an independent cohort. Results We identified an 18-gene signature for detecting severe dengue in patients with secondary infection upon hospital admission with a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], .82-.98), specificity of 0.67 (95% CI, .53-.80), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95% CI, .75-.97). At validation, the signature had empirical AUCs of 0.85 (95% CI, .69-1.00) and 0.83 (95% CI, .68-.98) for the PBMCs and whole blood datasets, respectively. Conclusions The signature could detect severe dengue in secondary-infected patients upon hospital admission. Its genes offer new insights into the pathogenesis of severe dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Nikolayeva
- Systems Biology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, and Integrative Biology (C3BI), USR 3756 - Institut Pasteur and CNRS
| | - Pierre Bost
- Systems Biology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, and Integrative Biology (C3BI), USR 3756 - Institut Pasteur and CNRS.,Graduate School of Life Sciences ED515, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris VI
| | - Isabelle Casademont
- Unité de Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR2000: Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Fanny Koeth
- Unité de Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR2000: Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- Unité de Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR2000: Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Sowath Ly
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kevin Bleakley
- INRIA Saclay, Palaiseau.,Département de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Group, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,GSK vaccines R&D, Singapore
| | - Etienne Simon-Lorière
- Unité de Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR2000: Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Unité de Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR2000: Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Benno Schwikowski
- Systems Biology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, and Integrative Biology (C3BI), USR 3756 - Institut Pasteur and CNRS
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29
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Oliveira M, Lert-itthiporn W, Cavadas B, Fernandes V, Chuansumrit A, Anunciação O, Casademont I, Koeth F, Penova M, Tangnararatchakit K, Khor CC, Paul R, Malasit P, Matsuda F, Simon-Lorière E, Suriyaphol P, Pereira L, Sakuntabhai A. Joint ancestry and association test indicate two distinct pathogenic pathways involved in classical dengue fever and dengue shock syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006202. [PMID: 29447178 PMCID: PMC5813895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnic diversity has been long considered as one of the factors explaining why the severe forms of dengue are more prevalent in Southeast Asia than anywhere else. Here we take advantage of the admixed profile of Southeast Asians to perform coupled association-admixture analyses in Thai cohorts. For dengue shock syndrome (DSS), the significant haplotypes are located in genes coding for phospholipase C members (PLCB4 added to previously reported PLCE1), related to inflammation of blood vessels. For dengue fever (DF), we found evidence of significant association with CHST10, AHRR, PPP2R5E and GRIP1 genes, which participate in the xenobiotic metabolism signaling pathway. We conducted functional analyses for PPP2R5E, revealing by immunofluorescence imaging that the coded protein co-localizes with both DENV1 and DENV2 NS5 proteins. Interestingly, only DENV2-NS5 migrated to the nucleus, and a deletion of the predicted top-linking motif in NS5 abolished the nuclear transfer. These observations support the existence of differences between serotypes in their cellular dynamics, which may contribute to differential infection outcome risk. The contribution of the identified genes to the genetic risk render Southeast and Northeast Asian populations more susceptible to both phenotypes, while African populations are best protected against DSS and intermediately protected against DF, and Europeans the best protected against DF but the most susceptible against DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Oliveira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Worachart Lert-itthiporn
- Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bruno Cavadas
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Verónica Fernandes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ampaiwan Chuansumrit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orlando Anunciação
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabelle Casademont
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Pasteur Kyoto International Joint Research Unit for Integrative Vaccinomics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fanny Koeth
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Pasteur Kyoto International Joint Research Unit for Integrative Vaccinomics, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marina Penova
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Pasteur Kyoto International Joint Research Unit for Integrative Vaccinomics, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanchana Tangnararatchakit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A-STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Paul
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Pasteur Kyoto International Joint Research Unit for Integrative Vaccinomics, Kyoto, Japan
- CNRS, Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
| | - Prida Malasit
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Pasteur Kyoto International Joint Research Unit for Integrative Vaccinomics, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etienne Simon-Lorière
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Pasteur Kyoto International Joint Research Unit for Integrative Vaccinomics, Kyoto, Japan
- CNRS, Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
| | - Prapat Suriyaphol
- Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Luisa Pereira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (LP); (AS)
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Pasteur Kyoto International Joint Research Unit for Integrative Vaccinomics, Kyoto, Japan
- CNRS, Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (LP); (AS)
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30
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Abstract
Flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), West Nile (WNV), and Zika (ZIKV) are human pathogens of global significance. In particular, DENV causes the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral diseases in humans, and ZIKV emerged from obscurity into the spotlight in 2016 as the etiologic agent of congenital Zika syndrome. Owing to the recent emergence of ZIKV as a global pandemic threat, the roles of the immune system during ZIKV infections are as yet unclear. In contrast, decades of DENV research implicate a dual role for the immune system in protection against and pathogenesis of DENV infection. As DENV and ZIKV are closely related, knowledge based on DENV studies has been used to prioritize investigation of ZIKV immunity and pathogenesis, and to accelerate ZIKV diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine design. This review discusses the following topics related to innate and adaptive immune responses to DENV and ZIKV: the interferon system as the key mechanism of host defense and viral target for immune evasion, antibody-mediated protection versus antibody-dependent enhancement, and T cell-mediated protection versus original T cell antigenic sin. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the balance between immune-mediated protection and pathogenesis during DENV and ZIKV infections is critical toward development of safe and effective DENV and ZIKV therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Elong Ngono
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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31
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Ng D, Ghosh A, Jit M, Seneviratne SL. Mini-review: Can non-human leucocyte antigen genes determine susceptibility to severe dengue syndromes? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018; 111:384-392. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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32
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Transcriptional Profiling Confirms the Therapeutic Effects of Mast Cell Stabilization in a Dengue Disease Model. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00617-17. [PMID: 28659489 PMCID: PMC5571258 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00617-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no approved therapeutics for the treatment of dengue disease despite the global prevalence of dengue virus (DENV) and its mosquito vectors. DENV infections can lead to vascular complications, hemorrhage, and shock due to the ability of DENV to infect a variety of immune and nonimmune cell populations. Increasingly, studies have implicated the host response as a major contributor to severe disease. Inflammatory products of various cell types, including responding T cells, mast cells (MCs), and infected monocytes, can contribute to immune pathology. In this study, we show that the host response to DENV infection in immunocompetent mice recapitulates transcriptional changes that have been described in human studies. We found that DENV infection strongly induced metabolic dysregulation, complement signaling, and inflammation. DENV also affected the immune cell content of the spleen and liver, enhancing NK, NKT, and CD8+ T cell activation. The MC-stabilizing drug ketotifen reversed many of these responses without suppressing memory T cell formation and induced additional changes in the transcriptome and immune cell composition of the spleen, consistent with reduced inflammation. This study provides a global transcriptional map of immune activation in DENV target organs of an immunocompetent host and supports the further development of targeted immunomodulatory strategies to treat DENV disease.IMPORTANCE Dengue virus (DENV), which causes febrile illness, is transmitted by mosquito vectors throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Symptoms of DENV infection involve damage to blood vessels and, in rare cases, hemorrhage and shock. Currently, there are no targeted therapies to treat DENV infection, but it is thought that drugs that target the host immune response may be effective in limiting symptoms that result from excessive inflammation. In this study, we measured the host transcriptional response to infection in multiple DENV target organs using a mouse model of disease. We found that DENV infection induced metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory responses and affected the immune cell content of the spleen and liver. The use of the mast cell stabilization drug ketotifen reversed many of these responses and induced additional changes in the transcriptome and immune cell repertoire that contribute to decreased dengue disease.
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33
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Carter MJ, Mitchell RM, Meyer Sauteur PM, Kelly DF, Trück J. The Antibody-Secreting Cell Response to Infection: Kinetics and Clinical Applications. Front Immunol 2017; 8:630. [PMID: 28620385 PMCID: PMC5451496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of advances in molecular diagnostic testing for infectious disease, there is still a need for tools that advance clinical care and public health. Current methods focus on pathogen detection with unprecedented precision, but often lack specificity. In contrast, the host immune response is highly specific for the infecting pathogen. Serological studies are rarely helpful in clinical settings, as they require acute and convalescent antibody testing. However, the B cell response is much more rapid and short-lived, making it an optimal target for determining disease aetiology in patients with infections. The performance of tests that aim to detect circulating antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) has previously been unclear. Test performance is reliant on detecting the presence of ASCs in the peripheral blood. As such, the kinetics of the ASC response to infection, the antigen specificity of the ASC response, and the methods of ASC detection are all critical. In this review, we summarize previous studies that have used techniques to enumerate ASCs during infection. We describe the emergence, peak, and waning of these cells in peripheral blood during infection with a number of bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as malaria infection. We find that the timing of antigen-specific ASC appearance and disappearance is highly conserved across pathogens, with a peak response between day 7 and day 8 of illness and largely absent following day 14 since onset of symptoms. Data show a sensitivity of ~90% and specificity >80% for pathogen detection using ASC-based methods. Overall, the summarised work indicates that ASC-based methods may be very sensitive and highly specific for determining the etiology of infection and have some advantages over current methods. Important areas of research remain, including more accurate definition of the timing of the ASC response to infection, the biological mechanisms underlying variability in its magnitude and the evolution and the B cell receptor in response to immune challenge. Nonetheless, there is potential of the ASC response to infection to be exploited as the basis for novel diagnostic tests to inform clinical care and public health priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Carter
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth M Mitchell
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dominic F Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Trück
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.,University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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34
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Katzelnick LC, Coloma J, Harris E. Dengue: knowledge gaps, unmet needs, and research priorities. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:e88-e100. [PMID: 28185868 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus is a mosquito-borne pathogen that causes up to about 100 million cases of disease each year, placing a major public health, social, and economic burden on numerous low-income and middle-income countries. Major advances by investigators, vaccine developers, and affected communities are revealing new insights and enabling novel interventions and approaches to dengue prevention and control. Such research has highlighted further questions about both the basic understanding of dengue and efforts to develop new tools. In this report, the third in a Series on dengue, we discuss existing approaches to dengue diagnostics, disease prognosis, surveillance, and vector control in low-income and middle-income countries, as well as potential consequences of vaccine introduction. We also summarise current knowledge and recent insights into dengue epidemiology, immunology, and pathogenesis, and their implications for understanding natural infection and current and future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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35
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Cherupanakkal C, Ramachadrappa V, Kadhiravan T, Parameswaran N, Parija SC, Pillai AB, Rajendiran S. A Study on Gene Expression Profile of Endogenous Antioxidant Enzymes: CAT, MnSOD and GPx in Dengue Patients. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 32:437-445. [PMID: 29062175 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is an arthropod-borne threat among tropical countries. Currently no effective means to treat the virus or to predict which patient will develop the severe form of the disease. Recently the relationship between oxidative/antioxidative response and dengue pathogenesis was suggested. Based on this the present study has analysed the expression of endogenous antioxidant genes: Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and Glutathione peroxidase in patients with dengue compared to other febrile illness (OFI) and healthy controls. The study enrolled 88 dengue confirmed patients comprising 56 were patients with non-severe dengue, and 32 were severe dengue cases, 31 were patients with OFI, and 63 healthy controls were also involved. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients and controls during the day of admission and from the available cases on the day of defervescence were used to estimate the transcript levels by quantitative PCR. The expression levels of all the three genes were found to be down-regulated throughout the course of dengue infection (p < 0.05) and OFI cases compared to healthy controls. Within dengue group, no significant difference was observed in any of the parameters between severe and non-severe cases. Interestingly, a significant down-regulation of MnSOD expression was recorded in secondary dengue infection compared to primary during admission (p < 0.05). It was found that all the down-regulated study genes have positively correlated in all dengue cases during the day of admission (p < 0.01). But during defervescence, the same was found only between CAT and MnSOD. Down-regulated endogenous antioxidant enzymes during dengue infection could be the possible rationale of oxidative stress reported in dengue disease earlier. The present study markers could not distinguish dengue from OFI cases and severe from non-severe dengue cases. Mechanism of down-regulation has to be explored further which will pave the way for the therapeutic target in dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleetus Cherupanakkal
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605 006 India
| | - Vijayakumar Ramachadrappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605 006 India
| | - Tamilarasu Kadhiravan
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Agieshkumar Balakrishna Pillai
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), A Unit of Sri Balaji Educational and Charitable Public Trust, Puducherry, India
| | - Soundravally Rajendiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605 006 India
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36
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Afroz S, Giddaluru J, Abbas MM, Khan N. Transcriptome meta-analysis reveals a dysregulation in extra cellular matrix and cell junction associated gene signatures during Dengue virus infection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33752. [PMID: 27651116 PMCID: PMC5030657 DOI: 10.1038/srep33752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue Viruses (DENVs) cause one of the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. Identification of genes involved in DENV pathogenesis would help in deciphering molecular mechanisms responsible for the disease progression. Here, we carried out a meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression data of dengue patients and further validated the meta-profile using in-vitro infection in THP-1 cells. Our findings reveal that DENV infection modulates expression of several genes and signalling pathways including interferons, detoxification of ROS and viral assembly. Interestingly, we have identified novel gene signatures comprising of INADL/PATJ and CRTAP (Cartilage Associated Protein), which were significantly down-regulated across all patient data sets as well as in DENV infected THP-1 cells. PATJ and CRTAP genes are involved in maintaining cell junction integrity and collagen assembly (extracellular matrix component) respectively, which together play a crucial role in cell-cell adhesion. Our results categorically reveal that overexpression of CRTAP and PATJ genes restrict DENV infection, thereby suggesting a critical role of these genes in DENV pathogenesis. Conclusively, these findings emphasize the utility of meta-analysis approach in identifying novel gene signatures that might provide mechanistic insights into disease pathogenesis and possibly lead towards the development of better therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Afroz
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India
| | - Jeevan Giddaluru
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India
| | - Mohd Manzar Abbas
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India
| | - Nooruddin Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India
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Duran A, Valero N, Mosquera J, Delgado L, Alvarez-Mon M, Torres M. Role of the myeloid differentiation primary response (MYD88) and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) pathways in dengue. Life Sci 2016; 162:33-40. [PMID: 27575706 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dengue disease courses with high viremia titers and high cytokine production suggesting viral replication and active immune response that could be related to viral evasion. One of the main targets of dengue virus (DENV) is monocyte/macrophage cells; however, little information regarding viral evasive mechanisms and pathway activation in monocytes infected by DENV is available. The aim of this study was to determine the role of myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD88), TIR-domain-containing adapter- inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and NF-kB pathways in viral replication and cytokine production in human monocyte cultures infected by DENV2. MAIN METHODS In this regard Pepinh- TRIF, Pepinh- MYD and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) were used to inhibit TRIF, MYD88 and NF-kB pathways. Cytokine production was measured by ELISA. KEY FINDINGS Increased DENV replication and IFNα/β, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-18 in infected cultures at 24h were found. All of these parameters were significantly decreased after TRIF, MYD88 or NF-kB inhibition. Association analysis between viral replication and cytokine production showed high significant positive correlation in TRIF and MYD88 treated cultures. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that DENV2 induces activation of innate-immune response and transcription factors to drive viral expression and replication in the face of pro-inflammatory antiviral responses in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyelo Duran
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela; Cátedra de Bioquímica General, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela; Sociedad Venezolana de Microbiología
| | - Nereida Valero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela; Sociedad Venezolana de Microbiología.
| | - Jesus Mosquera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Lineth Delgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune y Oncología, Hospital Universitario "Príncipe de Asturias", Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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38
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Cheng YL, Lin YS, Chen CL, Tsai TT, Tsai CC, Wu YW, Ou YD, Chu YY, Wang JM, Yu CY, Lin CF. Activation of Nrf2 by the dengue virus causes an increase in CLEC5A, which enhances TNF-α production by mononuclear phagocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32000. [PMID: 27561946 PMCID: PMC4999957 DOI: 10.1038/srep32000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by the dengue virus (DENV) threatens global public health due to its high prevalence and the lack of effective treatments. Host factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of DENV; herein, we investigated the role of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), which is activated by DENV in mononuclear phagocytes. DENV infection selectively activates Nrf2 following nuclear translocation. Following endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress, protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) facilitated Nrf2-mediated transcriptional activation of C-type lectin domain family 5, member A (CLEC5A) to increase CLEC5A expression. Signaling downstream of the Nrf2-CLEC5A interaction enhances Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-independent tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production following DENV infection. Forced expression of the NS2B3 viral protein induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation/activation and CLEC5A expression which increases DENV-induced TNF-α production. Animal studies confirmed Nrf2-induced CLEC5A and TNF-α in brains of DENV-infected mice. These results demonstrate that DENV infection causes Nrf2-regulated TNF-α production by increasing levels of CLEC5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Translational Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Wei Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Dan Ou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yi Chu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Infection in Primary Human Macrophages; Balancing Higher Fusion against Antiviral Responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29201. [PMID: 27380892 PMCID: PMC4933910 DOI: 10.1038/srep29201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dogma is that the human immune system protects us against pathogens. Yet, several viruses, like dengue virus, antagonize the hosts’ antibodies to enhance their viral load and disease severity; a phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. This study offers novel insights in the molecular mechanism of antibody-mediated enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus infection in primary human macrophages. No differences were observed in the number of bound and internalized DENV particles following infection in the absence and presence of enhancing concentrations of antibodies. Yet, we did find an increase in membrane fusion activity during ADE of DENV infection. The higher fusion activity is coupled to a low antiviral response early in infection and subsequently a higher infection efficiency. Apparently, subtle enhancements early in the viral life cycle cascades into strong effects on infection, virus production and immune response. Importantly, and in contrast to other studies, the antibody-opsonized virus particles do not trigger immune suppression and remain sensitive to interferon. Additionally, this study gives insight in how human macrophages interact and respond to viral infections and the tight regulation thereof under various conditions of infection.
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40
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Yam-Puc JC, Cedillo-Barrón L, Aguilar-Medina EM, Ramos-Payán R, Escobar-Gutiérrez A, Flores-Romo L. The Cellular Bases of Antibody Responses during Dengue Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:218. [PMID: 27375618 PMCID: PMC4893500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most significant human viral pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause from an asymptomatic disease to mild undifferentiated fever, classical dengue, and severe dengue. Neutralizing memory antibody (Ab) responses are one of the most important mechanisms that counteract reinfections and are therefore the main aim of vaccination. However, it has also been proposed that in dengue, some of these class-switched (IgG) memory Abs might worsen the disease. Although these memory Abs derive from B cells by T-cell-dependent processes, we know rather little about the (acute, chronic, or memory) B cell responses and the complex cellular mechanisms generating these Abs during DENV infections. This review aims to provide an updated and comprehensive perspective of the B cell responses during DENV infection, starting since the very early events such as the cutaneous DENV entrance and the arrival into draining lymph nodes, to the putative B cell activation, proliferation, and germinal centers (GCs) formation (the source of affinity-matured class-switched memory Abs), till the outcome of GC reactions such as the generation of plasmablasts, Ab-secreting plasma cells, and memory B cells. We discuss topics very poorly explored such as the possibility of B cell infection by DENV or even activation-induced B cell death. The current information about the nature of the Ab responses to DENV is also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Yam-Puc
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Leticia Cedillo-Barrón
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Elsa Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa (UAS) , Culiacan, Sinaloa , Mexico
| | - Rosalío Ramos-Payán
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa (UAS) , Culiacan, Sinaloa , Mexico
| | - Alejandro Escobar-Gutiérrez
- Department for Immunological Investigations, Institute for Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference, Health Secretariat , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Flores-Romo
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
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41
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Serum Galectin-9 and Galectin-3-Binding Protein in Acute Dengue Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060832. [PMID: 27240351 PMCID: PMC4926366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a serious threat for public health and induces various inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including galectins and glycoproteins. Diverse immune responses and immunological pathways are induced in different phases of dengue fever progression. However, the status of serum galectins and glycoproteins is not fully determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum concentration and potential interaction of soluble galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-9, galectin-3 binding protein (galectin-3BP), glycoprotein 130 (gp130), and E-, L-, and P-selectin in patients with dengue fever in acute febrile phase. In this study, 317 febrile patients (187 dengue patients, 150 non-dengue patients that included 48 patients with bacterial infection and 102 patients with other febrile illness) who presented to the emergency department and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Our results showed the levels of galectin-9 and galectin-3BP were significantly higher in dengue patients than those in healthy controls. Lower serum levels of galectin-1, galectin-3, and E-, L-, and P-selectin in dengue patients were detected compared to bacteria-infected patients, but not to healthy controls. In addition, strong correlation between galectin-9 and galectin-3BP was observed in dengue patients. In summary, our study suggested galectin-9 and galectin-3BP might be critical inflammatory mediators in acute dengue virus infection.
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42
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Strouts FR, Popper SJ, Partidos CD, Stinchcomb DT, Osorio JE, Relman DA. Early Transcriptional Signatures of the Immune Response to a Live Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Candidate in Non-human Primates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004731. [PMID: 27214236 PMCID: PMC4877054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of a vaccine against dengue faces unique challenges, including the complexity of the immune responses to the four antigenically distinct serotypes. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling provides insight into the pathways and molecular features that underlie responses to immune system stimulation, and may facilitate predictions of immune protection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we measured early transcriptional responses in the peripheral blood of cynomolgus macaques following vaccination with a live, attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate, TDV, which is based on a DENV-2 backbone. Different doses and routes of vaccine administration were used, and viral load and neutralizing antibody titers were measured at different time-points following vaccination. All 30 vaccinated animals developed a neutralizing antibody response to each of the four dengue serotypes, and only 3 of these animals had detectable serum viral RNA after challenge with wild-type dengue virus (DENV), suggesting protection of vaccinated animals to DENV infection. The vaccine induced statistically significant changes in 595 gene transcripts on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 as compared with baseline and placebo-treated animals. Genes involved in the type I interferon (IFN) response, including IFI44, DDX58, MX1 and OASL, exhibited the highest fold-change in transcript abundance, and this response was strongest following double dose and subcutaneous (versus intradermal) vaccine administration. In addition, modules of genes involved in antigen presentation, dendritic cell activation, and T cell activation and signaling were enriched following vaccination. Increased abundance of gene transcripts related to T cell activation on day 5, and the type I IFN response on day 7, were significantly correlated with the development of high neutralizing antibody titers on day 30. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that early transcriptional responses may be predictive of development of adaptive immunity to TDV vaccination in cynomolgus macaques, and will inform studies of human responses to dengue vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona R. Strouts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Popper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | | | - Dan T. Stinchcomb
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Deerfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jorge E. Osorio
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Deerfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David A. Relman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Sim S, Hibberd ML. Genomic approaches for understanding dengue: insights from the virus, vector, and host. Genome Biol 2016; 17:38. [PMID: 26931545 PMCID: PMC4774013 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-0907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and geographic range of dengue have increased dramatically in recent decades. Climate change, rapid urbanization and increased global travel have facilitated the spread of both efficient mosquito vectors and the four dengue virus serotypes between population centers. At the same time, significant advances in genomics approaches have provided insights into host–pathogen interactions, immunogenetics, and viral evolution in both humans and mosquitoes. Here, we review these advances and the innovative treatment and control strategies that they are inspiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Sim
- Infectious Diseases, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Martin L Hibberd
- Infectious Diseases, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore. .,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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Abstract
Dengue provides the most abundant example in human medicine and the greatest human illness burden caused by the phenomenon of intrinsic antibody-dependent infection enhancement (iADE). In this immunopathological phenomenon infection of monocytes or macrophages using infectious immune complexes suppresses innate antiviral systems, permitting logarithmic intracellular growth of dengue virus. The four dengue viruses evolved from a common ancestor yet retain similar ecology and pathogenicity, but although infection with one virus provides short-term cross-protection against infection with a different type, millions of secondary dengue infections occur worldwide each year. When individuals are infected in the virtual absence of cross-protective dengue antibodies, the dengue vascular permeability syndrome (DVPS) may ensue. This occurs in around 2 to 4% of second heterotypic dengue infections. A complete understanding of the biologic mechanism of iADE, dengue biology, and the mechanism of host responses to dengue infection should lead to a comprehensive and complete understanding of the pathogenesis of DVPS. A crucial emphasis must be placed on understanding ADE. Clinical and epidemiological observations of DVPS define the research questions and provide research parameters. This article will review knowledge related to dengue ADE and point to areas where there has been little research progress. These observations relate to the two stages of dengue illnesses: afferent phenomena are those that promote the success of the microorganism to infect and survive; efferent phenomena are those mounted by the host to inhibit infection and replication and to eliminate the infectious agent and infected tissues. Data will be discussed as "knowns" and "unknowns."
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45
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Guy B, Lang J, Saville M, Jackson N. Vaccination Against Dengue: Challenges and Current Developments. Annu Rev Med 2016; 67:387-404. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-091014-090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Guy
- Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Jean Lang
- Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Melanie Saville
- Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 69007 Lyon, France;
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46
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Abstract
Dengue virus infection induces a dramatic expansion of B cell plasmablasts. In this issue, Kwissa et al. (2014) begin with transcriptomic analysis and then integrate studies in human clinical samples, nonhuman primates, and coculture of primary human cells to identify a role for CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes in generating plasmablast responses during dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Green
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA.
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47
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Animal models for studying dengue pathogenesis and therapy. Antiviral Res 2015; 123:5-14. [PMID: 26304704 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of a suitable animal model for dengue virus disease is critical for understanding pathogenesis and for preclinical testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines. Many laboratory animal models of dengue virus infection have been investigated, but the challenges of recapitulating the complete disease still remain. In this review, we provide a comprehensive coverage of existing models, from man to mouse, with a specific focus on recent advances in mouse models for addressing the mechanistic aspects of severe dengue in humans. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on flavivirus drug discovery.
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48
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Liu S, Chen L, Zeng Y, Si L, Guo X, Zhou J, Fang D, Zeng G, Jiang L. Suppressed expression of miR-378 targeting gzmb in NK cells is required to control dengue virus infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 13:700-8. [PMID: 26166761 PMCID: PMC5037283 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) remains a major public health threat because no vaccine or drugs are available for the prevention and treatment of DENV infection, and the immunopathogenesis mechanisms of DENV infection are not fully understood. Cytotoxic molecules, such as granzyme B (GrzB), may be necessary to control viral infections. However, the exact role of GrzB during DENV infection and the mechanisms regulating GrzB expression during DENV infection are not clear. This study found that miR-27a*, miR-30e, and miR-378 were down-regulated in DENV-infected patients, and DENV infection in humans induced a significant up-regulation of GrzB in natural killer (NK) cells and CD8(+) T cells. Further investigation indicated that NK cells, but not CD8(+) T cells, were the major sources of GrzB, and miR-378, but not miR-27a* or miR-30e, suppressed GrzB expression in NK cells. Notably, we found that overexpression of miR-378 using a miR-378 agomir in DENV-infected mice inhibited GrzB expression and promoted DENV replication. These results suggest the critical importance of miR-378 in the regulation of GrzB expression and a protective role for GrzB in controlling DENV replication in vivo. Therefore, this study provides a new insight into the immunopathogenesis mechanism of DENV infection and a biological basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies to control DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lingming Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lulu Si
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Junmei Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Danyun Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lifang Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Ko ER, Yang WE, McClain MT, Woods CW, Ginsburg GS, Tsalik EL. What was old is new again: using the host response to diagnose infectious disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1143-58. [PMID: 26145249 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1059278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A century of advances in infectious disease diagnosis and treatment changed the face of medicine. However, challenges continue to develop including multi-drug resistance, globalization that increases pandemic risks and high mortality from severe infections. These challenges can be mitigated through improved diagnostics, focusing on both pathogen discovery and the host response. Here, we review how 'omics' technologies improve sepsis diagnosis, early pathogen identification and personalize therapy. Such host response diagnostics are possible due to the confluence of advanced laboratory techniques (e.g., transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics) along with advanced mathematical modeling such as machine learning techniques. The road ahead is promising, but obstacles remain before the impact of such advanced diagnostic modalities is felt at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Ko
- a 1 Department of Medicine Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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50
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Zhang B, Salieb-Beugelaar GB, Nigo MM, Weidmann M, Hunziker P. Diagnosing dengue virus infection: rapid tests and the role of micro/nanotechnologies. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1745-61. [PMID: 26093055 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Due to the progressive spread of the dengue virus and a rising incidence of dengue disease, its rapid diagnosis is important for developing countries and of increasing relevance for countries in temperate climates. Recent advances in bioelectronics, micro- and nanofabrication technologies have led to new miniaturized point-of-care devices and analytical platforms suited for rapid detection of infections. Starting from the available tests for dengue diagnosis, this review examines emerging rapid, micro/nanotechnologies-based tools, including label-free biosensor methods, microarray and microfluidic platforms, which hold significant potential, but still need further development and evaluation. The epidemiological and clinical setting as key determinants for selecting the best analytical strategy in patients presenting with fever is then discussed. This review is aimed at the clinicians and microbiologists to deepen understanding and enhance application of dengue diagnostics, and also serves as knowledge base for researchers and test developers to overcome the challenges posed by this disease. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Dengue disease remains a significant problem in many developing countries. Unfortunately rapid diagnosis with easy and low cost tests for this disease is currently still not realized. In this comprehensive review, the authors highlighted recent advances in nanotechnology which would enable development in this field, which would result in beneficial outcomes to the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Medical Intensive Care Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Georgette B Salieb-Beugelaar
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Medical Intensive Care Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; CLINAM-European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Maurice Mutro Nigo
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Medical Intensive Care Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales-NYANKUNDE, Bunia, Congo.
| | | | - Patrick Hunziker
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Medical Intensive Care Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; CLINAM-European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine, Basel, Switzerland.
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