1
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Desai S, Carberry B, Anseth KS, Schultz KM. Cell-Material Interactions in Covalent Adaptable Thioester Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39171932 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are polymeric networks with cross-links that can break and reform in response to external stimuli, including pH, shear, and temperature, making them potential materials for use as injectable cell delivery vehicles. In the native niche, cells rearrange the extracellular matrix (ECM) to undergo basic functions including migration, spreading, and proliferation. Bond rearrangement enables these hydrogels to mimic viscoelastic properties of the native ECM which promote migration and delivery from the material to the native tissue. In this work, we characterize thioester CANs to inform their design as effective cell delivery vehicles. Using bulk rheology, we characterize the rearrangement of these networks when they are subjected to strain, which mimics the strain applied by a syringe, and using multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT) we measure cell-mediated remodeling of the pericellular region. Thioester networks are formed by photopolymerizing 8-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-thiol and PEG-thioester norbornene. Bulk rheology measures scaffold properties during low and high strain and demonstrates that thioester scaffolds can recover rheological properties after high strain is applied. We then 3D encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in thioester scaffolds. Using MPT, we characterize degradation in the pericellular region. Encapsulated hMSCs degrade these scaffolds within ≈4 days post-encapsulation. We hypothesize that this degradation is mainly due to cytoskeletal tension that cells apply to the matrix, causing adaptable thioester bonds to rearrange, leading to degradation. To verify this, we inhibited cytoskeletal tension using blebbistatin, a myosin-II inhibitor. Blebbistatin-treated cells can degrade these networks only by secreting enzymes including esterases. Esterases hydrolyze thioester bonds, which generate free thiols, leading to bond exchange. Around treated cells, we measure a decrease in the extent of pericellular degradation. We also compare cell area, eccentricity, and speed of untreated and treated cells. Inhibiting cytoskeletal tension results in significantly smaller cell area, more rounded cells, and lower cell speeds when compared to untreated cells. Overall, this work shows that cytoskeletal tension plays a major role in hMSC-mediated degradation of thioester networks. Cytoskeletal tension is also important for the spreading and motility of hMSCs in these networks. This work informs the design of thioester scaffolds for tissue regeneration and cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Desai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Benjamin Carberry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kelly M Schultz
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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O'Shea TC, Croland KJ, Salem A, Urbanski R, Schultz KM. A Rheological Study on the Effect of Tethering Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines into Hydrogels on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration, Degradation, and Morphology. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5121-5137. [PMID: 38961715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-peptide hydrogels are being designed as implantable materials that deliver human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to treat wounds. Most wounds can progress through the healing process without intervention. During the normal healing process, cytokines are released from the wound to create a concentration gradient, which causes directed cell migration from the native niche to the wound site. Our work takes inspiration from this process and uniformly tethers cytokines into the scaffold to measure changes in cell-mediated degradation and motility. This is the first step in designing cytokine concentration gradients into the material to direct cell migration. We measure changes in rheological properties, encapsulated cell-mediated pericellular degradation and migration in a hydrogel scaffold with covalently tethered cytokines, either tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). TNF-α is expressed in early stages of wound healing causing an inflammatory response. TGF-β is released in later stages of wound healing causing an anti-inflammatory response in the surrounding tissue. Both cytokines cause directed cell migration. We measure no statistically significant difference in modulus or the critical relaxation exponent when tethering either cytokine in the polymeric network without encapsulated hMSCs. This indicates that the scaffold structure and rheology is unchanged by the addition of tethered cytokines. Increases in hMSC motility, morphology and cell-mediated degradation are measured using a combination of multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT) and live-cell imaging in hydrogels with tethered cytokines. We measure that tethering TNF-α into the hydrogel increases cellular remodeling on earlier days postencapsulation and tethering TGF-β into the scaffold increases cellular remodeling on later days. We measure tethering either TGF-β or TNF-α enhances cell stretching and, subsequently, migration. This work provides rheological characterization that can be used to design new materials that present chemical cues in the pericellular region to direct cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C O'Shea
- Purdue University, Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kiera J Croland
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Ahmad Salem
- Lehigh University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 124 East Morton Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Rylie Urbanski
- Lehigh University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 124 East Morton Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Kelly M Schultz
- Purdue University, Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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3
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Ramírez J, Gibson GM, Tassieri M. Optical Halo: A Proof of Concept for a New Broadband Microrheology Tool. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:889. [PMID: 39064399 PMCID: PMC11278636 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Microrheology, the study of material flow at micron scales, has advanced significantly since Robert Brown's discovery of Brownian motion in 1827. Mason and Weitz's seminal work in 1995 established the foundation for microrheology techniques, enabling the measurement of viscoelastic properties of complex fluids using light-scattering particles. However, existing techniques face limitations in exploring very slow dynamics, crucial for understanding biological systems. Here, we present a proof of concept for a novel microrheology technique called "Optical Halo", which utilises a ring-shaped Bessel beam created by optical tweezers to overcome existing limitations. Through numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, we demonstrate the efficacy of the Optical Halo in probing viscoelastic properties across a wide frequency range, including low-frequency regimes inaccessible to conventional methods. This innovative approach holds promise for elucidating the mechanical behaviour of complex biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Graham M. Gibson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6EW, UK;
| | - Manlio Tassieri
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6EW, UK
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4
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Watts Moore O, Lewis C, Ross T, Waigh TA, Korabel N, Mendoza C. Extreme heterogeneity in the microrheology of lamellar surfactant gels analyzed with neural networks. Phys Rev E 2024; 110:014603. [PMID: 39161018 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.014603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the viscoelasticity of a lamellar gel network based on cetyl-trimethylammonium chloride and cetostearyl alcohol was studied using particle-tracking microrheology. A recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture was used for estimating the Hurst exponent, H, on small sections of tracks of probe spheres moving with fractional Brownian motion. Thus, dynamic segmentation of tracks via neural networks was used in microrheology and it is significantly more accurate than using mean square displacements (MSDs). An ensemble of 414 particles produces a MSD that is subdiffusive in time, t, with a power law of the form t^{0.74±0.02}, indicating power law viscoelasticity. RNN analysis of the probability distributions of H, combined with detailed analysis of the time-averaged MSDs of individual tracks, revealed diverse diffusion processes belied by the simple scaling of the ensemble MSD, such as caging phenomena, which give rise to the complex viscoelasticity of lamellar gels.
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5
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Stilgoe A, Favre-Bulle IA, Watson ML, Gomez-Godinez V, Berns MW, Preece D, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Shining Light in Mechanobiology: Optical Tweezers, Scissors, and Beyond. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:917-940. [PMID: 38523746 PMCID: PMC10958612 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Mechanobiology helps us to decipher cell and tissue functions by looking at changes in their mechanical properties that contribute to development, cell differentiation, physiology, and disease. Mechanobiology sits at the interface of biology, physics and engineering. One of the key technologies that enables characterization of properties of cells and tissue is microscopy. Combining microscopy with other quantitative measurement techniques such as optical tweezers and scissors, gives a very powerful tool for unraveling the intricacies of mechanobiology enabling measurement of forces, torques and displacements at play. We review the field of some light based studies of mechanobiology and optical detection of signal transduction ranging from optical micromanipulation-optical tweezers and scissors, advanced fluorescence techniques and optogenentics. In the current perspective paper, we concentrate our efforts on elucidating interesting measurements of forces, torques, positions, viscoelastic properties, and optogenetics inside and outside a cell attained when using structured light in combination with optical tweezers and scissors. We give perspective on the field concentrating on the use of structured light in imaging in combination with tweezers and scissors pointing out how novel developments in quantum imaging in combination with tweezers and scissors can bring to this fast growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
B. Stilgoe
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE for Engineered Quantum Systems, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE in Quantum Biotechnology, The University
of Queensland, 4074, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Itia A. Favre-Bulle
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- Queensland
Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
| | - Mark L. Watson
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE for Engineered Quantum Systems, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
| | - Veronica Gomez-Godinez
- Institute
of Engineering and Medicine, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael W. Berns
- Institute
of Engineering and Medicine, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Beckman
Laser Institute, University of California
Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Daryl Preece
- Beckman
Laser Institute, University of California
Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE for Engineered Quantum Systems, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE in Quantum Biotechnology, The University
of Queensland, 4074, Brisbane, Australia
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6
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Shea J, Jung G, Schmid F. Force renormalization for probes immersed in an active bath. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1767-1785. [PMID: 38305056 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Langevin equations or generalized Langevin equations (GLEs) are popular models for describing the motion of a particle in a fluid medium in an effective manner. Here we examine particles immersed in an inherently nonequilibrium fluid, i.e., an active bath, which are subject to an external force. Specifically, we consider two types of forces that are highly relevant for microrheological studies: A harmonic, trapping force and a constant, "drag" force. We study such systems by molecular simulations and use the simulation data to extract an effective GLE description. We find that within this description, in an active bath, the external force in the GLE is not equal to the physical external force, but rather a renormalized external force, which can be significantly smaller. The effect cannot be attributed to the mere temperature renormalization, which is also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine Shea
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Jung
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Friederike Schmid
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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7
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Waigh TA, Korabel N. Heterogeneous anomalous transport in cellular and molecular biology. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2023; 86:126601. [PMID: 37863075 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that a wide variety of phenomena in cellular and molecular biology involve anomalous transport e.g. the statistics for the motility of cells and molecules are fractional and do not conform to the archetypes of simple diffusion or ballistic transport. Recent research demonstrates that anomalous transport is in many cases heterogeneous in both time and space. Thus single anomalous exponents and single generalised diffusion coefficients are unable to satisfactorily describe many crucial phenomena in cellular and molecular biology. We consider advances in the field ofheterogeneous anomalous transport(HAT) highlighting: experimental techniques (single molecule methods, microscopy, image analysis, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, inelastic neutron scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance), theoretical tools for data analysis (robust statistical methods such as first passage probabilities, survival analysis, different varieties of mean square displacements, etc), analytic theory and generative theoretical models based on simulations. Special emphasis is made on high throughput analysis techniques based on machine learning and neural networks. Furthermore, we consider anomalous transport in the context of microrheology and the heterogeneous viscoelasticity of complex fluids. HAT in the wavefronts of reaction-diffusion systems is also considered since it plays an important role in morphogenesis and signalling. In addition, we present specific examples from cellular biology including embryonic cells, leucocytes, cancer cells, bacterial cells, bacterial biofilms, and eukaryotic microorganisms. Case studies from molecular biology include DNA, membranes, endosomal transport, endoplasmic reticula, mucins, globular proteins, and amyloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Andrew Waigh
- Biological Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Nickolay Korabel
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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8
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Desai S, Carberry BJ, Anseth KS, Schultz KM. Characterizing rheological properties and microstructure of thioester networks during degradation. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7429-7442. [PMID: 37743747 PMCID: PMC10714141 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks are designed for applications including cell and drug delivery and tissue regeneration. These applications require network degradation at physiological conditions and on a physiological timescale with microstructures that can: (1) support, protect and deliver encapsulated cells or molecules and (2) provide structure to surrounding tissue. Due to this, the evolving microstructure and rheological properties during scaffold degradation must be characterized. In this work, we characterize degradation of covalent adaptable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-thioester networks with different amounts of excess thiol. Networks are formed between PEG-thiol and PEG-thioester norbornene using photopolymerization. These networks are adaptable because of a thioester exchange reaction that takes place in the presence of excess thiol. We measure degradation of PEG-thioester networks with L-cysteine using multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT). MPT measures the Brownian motion of fluorescent probe particles embedded in a material and relates this motion to rheological properties. Using time-cure superposition (TCS), we characterize the microstructure of these networks at the gel-sol phase transition by calculating the critical relaxation exponent, n, for each network with different amounts of excess thiol. Based on the measured n values, networks formed with 0% and 50% excess thiol are tightly cross-linked and elastic in nature. While networks formed with 100% excess are similar to ideal, percolated networks, which have equal viscous and elastic components. MPT measurements during degradation of these networks also measure a non-monotonic increase in probe motility. We hypothesize that this is network rearrangement near the phase transition. We then measure macroscopic material properties including the equilibrium modulus and stress relaxation. We measure a trend in bulk network properties that agrees with the values of n. Elastic modulus and stress relaxation measurements show that networks with 50% excess thiol are more elastic compared to the other two networks. As the amount of excess thiol is increased from 0% to 50%, the networks become more elastic. Further increasing excess thiol to 100% reduces the elastically effective cross-links. We hypothesize that these properties are due to network non-idealities, resulting in networks with 50% excess thiol that are more elastic. This work characterizes dynamic rheological properties during degradation, which mimics processes that could occur during implantation. This work provides information that can be used in the future design of implantable materials enabling both the rheological properties and timescale of degradation to be specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Desai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 124 E Morton St, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
| | - Benjamin J Carberry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Kelly M Schultz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 124 E Morton St, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
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9
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He S, Afshang M, Caggioni M, Lindberg S, Schultz KM. Characterizing Phase Transitions of Microfibrillated Cellulose Induced by Anionic and Cationic Surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12346-12356. [PMID: 37616521 PMCID: PMC10483922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Rheological modifiers are used to tune rheology or induce phase transitions of products. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), a renewable material, has the potential to be used for rheological modification. However, the lack of studies on the evolution in rheological properties and structure during its phase transitions has prevented MFC from being added to consumer, fabric, and home care products. In this work, we characterize surface-oxidized MFC (OMFC), a negatively charged colloidal rod suspension. We measure the rheological properties and structure of OMFC during sol-gel phase transitions induced by either anionic or cationic surfactant using multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT). MPT tracks the Brownian motion of fluorescent probe particles embedded in a sample, which is related to the sample's rheological properties. Using MPT, we measure that OMFC gelation evolution is dependent on the charge of the surfactant that induces the phase transition. OMFC gelation is gradual in anionic surfactant. In cationic surfactant, gelation is rapid followed by length scale-dependent colloidal fiber rearrangement. Initial OMFC concentration is directly related to how tightly associated the network is at the phase transition, with an increase in concentration resulting in a more tightly associated network with smaller pores. Bulk rheology measures that OMFC forms a stiffer structure but yields at lower strains in cationic surfactant than in anionic surfactant. This study characterizes the role of surfactant in inducing phase transitions, which can be used as a guide for designing future products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin He
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Mehrnoosh Afshang
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Marco Caggioni
- Process
and Engineering Development, Procter &
Gamble Co., West Chester, Ohio 45069, United States
| | - Seth Lindberg
- Process
and Engineering Development, Procter &
Gamble Co., West Chester, Ohio 45069, United States
| | - Kelly M. Schultz
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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10
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Hardiman W, Clark M, Friel C, Huett A, Pérez-Cota F, Setchfield K, Wright AJ, Tassieri M. Living cells as a biological analog of optical tweezers - a non-invasive microrheology approach. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:317-325. [PMID: 37137402 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microrheology, the study of fluids on micron length-scales, promises to reveal insights into cellular biology, including mechanical biomarkers of disease and the interplay between biomechanics and cellular function. Here a minimally-invasive passive microrheology technique is applied to individual living cells by chemically binding a bead to the surface of a cell, and observing the mean squared displacement of the bead at timescales ranging from milliseconds to 100s of seconds. Measurements are repeated over the course of hours, and presented alongside analysis to quantify changes in the cells' low-frequency elastic modulus, G0', and the cell's dynamics over the time window ∼10-2 s to 10 s. An analogy to optical trapping allows verification of the invariant viscosity of HeLa S3 cells under control conditions and after cytoskeletal disruption. Stiffening of the cell is observed during cytoskeletal rearrangement in the control case, and cell softening when the actin cytoskeleton is disrupted by Latrunculin B. These data correlate with conventional understanding that integrin binding and recruitment triggers cytoskeletal rearrangement. This is, to our knowledge, the first time that cell stiffening has been measured during focal adhesion maturation, and the longest time over which such stiffening has been quantified by any means. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Here, we present an approach for studying mechanical properties of live cells without applying external forces or inserting tracers. Regulation of cellular biomechanics is crucial to healthy cell function. For the first time in literature, we can non-invasively and passively quantify cell mechanics during interactions with functionalised surface. Our method can monitor the maturation of adhesion sites on the surface of individual live cells without disrupting the cell mechanics by applying forces to the cell. We observe a stiffening response in cells over tens of minutes after a bead chemically binds. This stiffening reduces the deformation rate of the cytoskeleton, although the internal force generation increases. Our method has potential for applications to study mechanics during cell-surface and cell-vesicle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hardiman
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Matt Clark
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Claire Friel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alan Huett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Fernando Pérez-Cota
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kerry Setchfield
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Amanda J Wright
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Manlio Tassieri
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
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11
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Carneri M, Ferraro D, Azarpour A, Meggiolaro A, Cremaschini S, Filippi D, Pierno M, Zanchetta G, Mistura G. Sliding and rolling of yield stress fluid droplets on highly slippery lubricated surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 644:487-495. [PMID: 37146485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Droplets of yield stress fluids (YSFs), i.e. fluids that can flow only if they are subjected to a stress above a critical value and otherwise deform like solids, hardly move on solid surfaces due to their high viscosity. The use of highly slippery lubricated surfaces can shed light on the mobility of YSF droplets, which include everyday soft materials, such as toothpaste or mayonnaise, and biological fluids, such as mucus. EXPERIMENTS The spreading and mobility of droplets of aqueous solutions of swollen Carbopol microgels were studied on lubricant infused surfaces. These solutions represent a model system of YSFs. Dynamical phase diagrams were established by varying the concentration of the solutions and the inclination angle of the surfaces. FINDINGS Carbopol droplets deposited on lubricated surfaces could move even at low inclination angles. The droplets were found to slide because of the slip of the flowing oil that covered the solid substrate. However, as the descending speed increased, the droplets rolled down. Rolling was favored at high inclinations and low concentrations. A simple criterion based on the ratio between the yield stress of the Carbopol suspensions and the gravitational stress acting on the Carbopol droplets was found to nicely identify the transition between the two regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Carneri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Afshin Azarpour
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Milano, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Alessio Meggiolaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sebastian Cremaschini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Filippi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Pierno
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuliano Zanchetta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Milano, via F.lli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy.
| | - Giampaolo Mistura
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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12
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Biswas R, Parmar VRS, Thambi AG, Bandyopadhyay R. Correlating microscopic viscoelasticity and structure of an aging colloidal gel using active microrheology and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2407-2416. [PMID: 36928531 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01457b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers (OTs) can detect pico-Newton range forces operating on a colloidal particle trapped in a medium and have been successfully utilized to investigate complex systems with internal structures. LAPONITE® clay particles in an aqueous medium self-assemble to form microscopic networks over time as electrostatic interactions between the particles gradually evolve in a physical aging process. We investigate the forced movements of an optically trapped micron-sized colloidal probe particle, suspended in an aging LAPONITE® suspension, as the underlying LAPONITE® microstructures gradually develop. Our OT-based oscillatory active microrheology experiments allow us to investigate the mechanical responses of the evolving microstructures in aging aqueous clay suspensions of concentrations ranging from 2.5% w/v to 3.0% w/v and at several aging times between 90 and 150 minutes. We repeat such oscillatory measurements for a range of colloidal probe particle diameters and investigate the effect of probe size on the microrheology of the aging suspensions. Using cryogenic field emission scanning electron microscopy (cryo-FESEM), we examine the average pore areas of the LAPONITE® suspension microstructures for various sample concentrations and aging times. By combining our OT and cryo-FESEM data, we report here for the first time to the best of our knowledge, an inverse correlation between the crossover modulus and the average pore diameter of the aging suspension microstructures for the different suspension concentrations and probe particle sizes studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Biswas
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore 560 080, India.
| | - Vaibhav Raj Singh Parmar
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore 560 080, India.
| | - Anson G Thambi
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore 560 080, India.
| | - Ranjini Bandyopadhyay
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore 560 080, India.
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13
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Makris N, Moghimi G, Godat E, Vu T. Mechanical analogue for cities. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:220943. [PMID: 36908989 PMCID: PMC9993048 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Motivated from the increasing need to develop a science-based, predictive understanding of the dynamics and response of cities when subjected to natural hazards, in this paper, we apply concepts from statistical mechanics and microrheology to develop mechanical analogues for cities with predictive capabilities. We envision a city to be a matrix where cell-phone users are driven by the city's economy and other incentives while using the collection of its infrastructure networks in a similar way that thermally driven Brownian particles are moving within a complex viscoelastic material. Mean-square displacements of thousands of cell-phone users are computed from GPS location data to establish the creep compliance and the resulting impulse response function of a city. The derivation of these time-response functions allows the synthesis of simple mechanical analogues that model satisfactorily the city's behaviour under normal conditions. Our study concentrates on predicting the response of cities to acute shocks (natural hazards) that are approximated with a rectangular pulse; and we show that the derived solid-like mechanical networks predict that cities revert immediately to their pre-event response suggesting an inherent resilience. Our findings are in remarkable good agreement with the recorded response of the Dallas metroplex following the February 2021 North American winter storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicos Makris
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, OIT, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75276, USA
| | - Gholamreza Moghimi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, OIT, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75276, USA
| | - Eric Godat
- Data Science and Research Services, OIT, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75276, USA
| | - Tue Vu
- Data Science and Research Services, OIT, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75276, USA
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14
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Goren S, Levin M, Brand G, Lesman A, Sorkin R. Probing Local Force Propagation in Tensed Fibrous Gels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2202573. [PMID: 36433830 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous hydrogels are a key component of soft animal tissues. They support cellular functions and facilitate efficient mechanical communication between cells. Due to their nonlinear mechanical properties, fibrous materials display non-trivial force propagation at the microscale, that is enhanced compared to that of linear-elastic materials. In the body, tissues are constantly subjected to external loads that tense or compress them, modifying their micro-mechanical properties into an anisotropic state. However, it is unknown how force propagation is modified by this isotropic-to-anisotropic transition. Here, force propagation in tensed fibrin hydrogels is directly measured. Local perturbations are induced by oscillating microspheres using optical tweezers. 1-point and 2-point microrheology are combined to simultaneously measure the shear modulus and force propagation. A mathematical framework to quantify anisotropic force propagation trends is suggested. Results show that force propagation becomes anisotropic in tensed gels, with, surprisingly, stronger response to perturbations perpendicular to the axis of tension. Importantly, external tension can also increase the range of force transmission. Possible implications and future directions for research are discussed. These results suggest a mechanism for favored directions of mechanical communication between cells in a tissue under external loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Goren
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interactions, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Maayan Levin
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Guy Brand
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ayelet Lesman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Raya Sorkin
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interactions, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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15
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Wu J, Ngai T. In-vitro Fibrin Assembly: From the Bulk to the Interface. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Rubio A, López M, Rodrigues T, Campo-Deaño L, Vega EJ. A particulate blood analogue based on artificial viscoelastic blood plasma and RBC-like microparticles at a concentration matching the human haematocrit. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7510-7523. [PMID: 36148801 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00947a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There has been enormous interest in the production of fluids with rheological properties similar to those of real blood over the last few years. Application fields range from biomicrofluidics (microscale) to forensic science (macroscale). The inclusion of flexible microparticles in blood analogue fluids has been demonstrated to be essential in order to reproduce the behaviour of blood flow in these fields. Here, we describe a protocol to produce a whole human blood analogue composed of a proposed plasma analogue and flexible spherical microparticles that mimic the key structural attributes of RBCs (size and mechanical properties), at a concentration matching the human haematocrit (∼42% by volume). Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) flexible microparticles were used to mimic RBCs, whose capability to deform is tunable by means of the mixing ratio of the PDMS precursor. Their flow through glass micronozzles allowed us to find the appropriate mixing ratio of PDMS to have approximately the same Young's modulus (E) as that exhibited by real RBCs. Shear and extensional rheology and microrheology techniques were used to match the properties exhibited by human plasma and whole blood at body temperature (37 °C). Finally, we study the flow of our proposed fluid through a microfluidic channel, showing the in vitro reproduction of the multiphase flow effects taking place in the human microcirculatory system, such as the cell-free layer (CFL) and the Fåhræus-Lindqvist effect. A macroscale application in the field of forensic science is also presented, concerning the impact of our blood analogue droplets on a solid surface for bloodstain pattern analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rubio
- Depto. de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales and Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006, Badajoz, Spain. ejvega@unex
| | - M López
- Depto. de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales and Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006, Badajoz, Spain. ejvega@unex
| | - T Rodrigues
- CEFT, Depto. de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Campo-Deaño
- CEFT, Depto. de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - E J Vega
- Depto. de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales and Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006, Badajoz, Spain. ejvega@unex
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17
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Xue J, Wang Z, Zhang H, He Y. Viscosity Measurement in Biocondensates Using Deep-Learning-Assisted Single-Particle Rotational Analysis. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7541-7551. [PMID: 36129778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Viscoelastic characterization is of great importance for the investigation of biomolecular condensates. Single-particle-tracking-based rotational diffusion analysis of single nanorods is an effective approach for quantitative viscosity measurement. However, in the case of high background and noise with high-speed image acquisition, accurate extraction of diffusivity from the data is a challenging task. Here, we develop a novel frequency-domain-based deep learning (DL) method for single nanorod rotational tracking analysis. We synthesized Brownian rotational time-series data for training, designed a data preprocessing module to reduce the effect of noise, and extracted rotational diffusion coefficient using recurrent neural networks in the frequency domain. Compared with the traditional curve-fitting-based methods, our method shows higher accuracy and a wider detection range for viscosity measurement. We verified our method using experimental data from plasmonic imaging of single gold nanorods (AuNRs) in glycerol solution and PGL droplets. Our method can be potentially applied to the viscosity measurement of different biomolecular condensates in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Martínez-López MDJ, Arauz-Lara JL. Brownian motion on an out-of-thermal-equilibrium surface. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:034615. [PMID: 36266834 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.034615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The motion of colloidal species on an out-of-thermal equilibrium surface is studied experimentally by optical microscopy. Water droplets of size in the micrometer range, spontaneously formed at a spherical-like interface between water and oil, are the colloidal species. The interface appears as a convex meniscus when putting water on oil with an added nonionic surfactant. Since the water density is greater than that of oil, the interface is produced into the oil. The spontaneously formed water droplets move attached to the interface while still growing from submicrometer sizes to a few micrometers. Although the dynamic nature of the process, with both the interface and the particles still changing, produces heterogeneities in the system, anomalous diffusion was not observed. The motion of the droplets has a well-identified Brownian component with a Gaussian distribution of steps due to the thermal agitation of the media surrounding the droplets and a drift component due to the effect of gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Jesús Martínez-López
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí, Alvaro Obregón 64, 78000 San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - José Luis Arauz-Lara
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí, Alvaro Obregón 64, 78000 San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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19
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Berezney JP, Valentine MT. A compact rotary magnetic tweezers device for dynamic material analysis. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:093701. [PMID: 36182480 DOI: 10.1063/5.0090199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a new, compact magnetic tweezers design that enables precise application of a wide range of dynamic forces to soft materials without the need to raise or lower the magnet height above the sample. This is achieved through the controlled rotation of the permanent magnet array with respect to the fixed symmetry axis defined by a custom-built iron yoke. These design improvements increase the portability of the device and can be implemented within existing microscope setups without the need for extensive modification of the sample holders or light path. This device is particularly well-suited to active microrheology measurements using either creep analysis, in which a step force is applied to a micron-sized magnetic particle that is embedded in a complex fluid, or oscillatory microrheology, in which the particle is driven with a periodic waveform of controlled amplitude and frequency. In both cases, the motions of the particle are measured and analyzed to determine the local dynamic mechanical properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Berezney
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Megan T Valentine
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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20
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Suwa M, Uotani A, Tojo Y, Onodera R, Tsukahara S. Orientational Dynamics of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in a Hydrogel: Observation by Magnetic Linear Dichroism under Oscillating Field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9708-9719. [PMID: 35880857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For the success of biomedical applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MION), such as magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic particle imaging, it is essential to understand the orientational dynamics of MION in a complex fluid under an alternating field. Here, using the magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) measurement, we directly observed the orientational behavior of MION in a hydrogel under a damped oscillating magnetic field (DOMF) of 33 kHz in frequency. Hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane (HEUR) is examined as the network polymer because the mesh size of the network is controllable with its concentration. We used two MIONs: a bare MION (MION1) and a MION coated with an amphiphilic polymer (MION2). Where the mesh size of the gel network is larger than the particle's hydrodynamic diameter, MION1 in the hydrogel rotates in the same manner in a simple solution, although the macroscopic rheological property of the medium is quite different. Meanwhile, the orientational behavior of MION2 is dramatically changed by the addition of HEUR molecules even below the minimum gelation concentration, indicating that MION2 is associated with the flower micelles of HEUR. By analyzing the MLD waveform, the orientational behavior of MION1 in the HEUR gel under a DOMF can be explained with single-mode relaxation, whereas that of MION2 is complicated; a rapid partial rotation near the particle and a whole slow rotation of the particle-flower micelle associate are superimposed. It is hard to distinguish this difference in orientational behaviors from the dynamic magnetization curve because the dominant magnetization reversal process is Néel rotation, the rotation of the magnetic moment in the particle. The MLD measurement is a potential tool for optimizing biomedical techniques utilizing MIONs and for nanorheology or colloid science in a complex matrix such as a hydrogel or cytoplasmic matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayori Suwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Uotani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuki Tojo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Reisho Onodera
- Ibaraki Collage, National Institute of Technology, 866 Nakane, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-8573, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsukahara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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21
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Shen Y, Weitz DA, Forde NR, Shayegan M. Line optical tweezers as controllable micromachines: techniques and emerging trends. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5359-5365. [PMID: 35819100 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past three decades, the technology of optical tweezers has made significant contributions in various scientific areas, including optics, photonics, and nanosciences. Breakthroughs include manipulating particles in both static and dynamic ways, particle sorting, and constructing controllable micromachines. Advances in shaping and controlling the laser beam profile enable control over the position and location of the trap, which has many possible applications. A line optical tweezer (LOT) can be created by rapidly moving a spot optical tweezer using a tool such as a galvanometer mirror or an acousto-optic modulator. By manipulating the intensity profile along the beam line to be asymmetric or non-uniform, the technique can be adapted to various specific applications. Among the many exciting applications of line optical tweezers, in this work, we discuss in detail applications of LOT, including probing colloidal interactions, transporting and sorting of colloidal microspheres, self-propelled motions, trapping anisotropic particles, exploring colloidal interactions at fluid-fluid interfaces, and building optical thermal ratchets. We further discuss prospective applications in each of these areas of soft matter, including polymeric and biological soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Shen
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Weitz
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Nancy R Forde
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Marjan Shayegan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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22
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Shundo A, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Network Formation and Physical Properties of Epoxy Resins for Future Practical Applications. JACS AU 2022; 2:1522-1542. [PMID: 35911459 PMCID: PMC9327093 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resins are used in various fields in a wide range of applications such as coatings, adhesives, modeling compounds, impregnation materials, high-performance composites, insulating materials, and encapsulating and packaging materials for electronic devices. To achieve the desired properties, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of how the network formation and physical state change involved in the curing reaction affect the resultant network architecture and physical properties. However, this is not necessarily easy because of their infusibility at higher temperatures and insolubility in organic solvents. In this paper, we summarize the knowledge related to these issues which has been gathered using various experimental techniques in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations. This should provide useful ideas for researchers who aim to design and construct various thermosetting polymer systems including currently popular materials such as vitrimers over epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuomi Shundo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and
Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamamoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and
Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and
Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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23
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Joung H, Kim C, Yu J, Lee S, Paeng K, Yang J. Impact of Chain Conformation on Structural Heterogeneity in Polymer Network. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5487-5494. [PMID: 35748615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer networks generally consist of an ensemble of single chains. However, understanding how chain conformation affects the structure and properties of polymer networks remains a challenge for optimizing their functionality. Here, we present the fabrication and comparative study of a polymer network composed of collapsed self-entangled chains (intrachain entangled network) and a standard polymer network in which random-coil chains are entangled with each other (interchain entangled network). For poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films composed of these networks, we coupled solvent vapor swelling and single-molecule tracking techniques to examine the anomalies in the dynamics of a small-molecular probe included in the system. We demonstrate that when compared to the interchain entangled network the intrachain one exhibits a more substantial structural heterogeneity, particularly under highly crowded conditions. This network also exhibits physical compactness, which keeps the heterogeneous network structure frozen over time and impedes network plasticization through solvent uptake by the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoung Joung
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea
| | - Chanwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea
| | - Jaesang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Keewook Paeng
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea
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24
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Meleties M, Martineau RL, Gupta MK, Montclare JK. Particle-Based Microrheology As a Tool for Characterizing Protein-Based Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2747-2763. [PMID: 35678203 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microrheology based on video microscopy of embedded tracer particles has the potential to be used for high-throughput protein-based materials characterization. This potential is due to a number of characteristics of the techniques, including the suitability for measurement of low sample volumes, noninvasive and noncontact measurements, and the ability to set up a large number of samples for facile, sequential measurement. In addition to characterization of the bulk rheological properties of proteins in solution, for example, viscosity, microrheology can provide insight into the dynamics and self-assembly of protein-based materials as well as heterogeneities in the microenvironment being probed. Specifically, passive microrheology in the form of multiple particle tracking and differential dynamic microscopy holds promise for applications in high-throughput characterization because of the lack of user interaction required while making measurements. Herein, recent developments in the use of multiple particle tracking and differential dynamic microscopy are reviewed for protein characterization and their potential to be applied in a high-throughput, automatable setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meleties
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, New York 11201, United States
| | - Rhett L Martineau
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States.,Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division, UES Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Maneesh K Gupta
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, New York 11201, United States.,Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Department of Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York 10010, United States.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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25
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Mao Y, Nielsen P, Ali J. Passive and Active Microrheology for Biomedical Systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:916354. [PMID: 35866030 PMCID: PMC9294381 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.916354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microrheology encompasses a range of methods to measure the mechanical properties of soft materials. By characterizing the motion of embedded microscopic particles, microrheology extends the probing length scale and frequency range of conventional bulk rheology. Microrheology can be characterized into either passive or active methods based on the driving force exerted on probe particles. Tracer particles are driven by thermal energy in passive methods, applying minimal deformation to the assessed medium. In active techniques, particles are manipulated by an external force, most commonly produced through optical and magnetic fields. Small-scale rheology holds significant advantages over conventional bulk rheology, such as eliminating the need for large sample sizes, the ability to probe fragile materials non-destructively, and a wider probing frequency range. More importantly, some microrheological techniques can obtain spatiotemporal information of local microenvironments and accurately describe the heterogeneity of structurally complex fluids. Recently, there has been significant growth in using these minimally invasive techniques to investigate a wide range of biomedical systems both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review the latest applications and advancements of microrheology in mammalian cells, tissues, and biofluids and discuss the current challenges and potential future advances on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Mao
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Paige Nielsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Jamel Ali
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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26
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He S, Caggioni M, Lindberg S, Schultz KM. Gelation phase diagrams of colloidal rod systems measured over a large composition space. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12902-12912. [PMID: 35496333 PMCID: PMC9044831 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheological modifiers tune product rheology with a small amount of material. To effectively use rheological modifiers, characterizing the rheology of the system at different compositions is crucial. Two colloidal rod system, hydrogenated castor oil and polyamide, are characterized in a formulation that includes a surfactant (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) and a depletant (polyethylene oxide). We characterize both rod systems using multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT) and bulk rheology and build phase diagrams over a large component composition space. In MPT, fluorescent particles are embedded in the sample and their Brownian motion is measured and related to rheological properties. From MPT, we determine that in both systems: (1) microstructure is not changed with increasing colloid concentration, (2) materials undergo a sol–gel transition as depletant concentration increases and (3) the microstructure changes but does not undergo a phase transition as surfactant concentration increases in the absence of depletant. When comparing MPT and bulk rheology results different trends are measured. Using bulk rheology we observe: (1) elasticity of both systems increase as colloid concentration increases and (2) the storage modulus does not change when PEO or LAS concentration is increased. The differences measured with MPT and bulk rheology are likely due to differences in sensitivity and measurement method. This work shows the utility of using both techniques together to fully characterize rheological properties over a large composition space. These gelation phase diagrams will provide a guide to determine the composition needed for desired rheological properties and eliminate trial-and-error experiments during product formulation. Colloidal rod systems used as rheological modifiers are characterized over a large composition space with microrheology and bulk rheology. Phase diagrams are built that enable identification of compositions with desired properties eliminating trial-and-error experiments.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin He
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA +1-610-758-5057 +1-610-758-2012
| | - Marco Caggioni
- Process and Engineering Development, Procter & Gamble Co. West Chester OH USA
| | - Seth Lindberg
- Process and Engineering Development, Procter & Gamble Co. West Chester OH USA
| | - Kelly M Schultz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA +1-610-758-5057 +1-610-758-2012
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27
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Zhan F, Youssef M, Shah BR, Li J, Li B. Overview of foam system: Natural material-based foam, stabilization, characterization, and applications. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Effect of Base Oil and Thickener on Texture and Flow of Lubricating Greases: Insights from Bulk Rheometry, Optical Microrheology and Electron Microscopy. LUBRICANTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The structure and flow behavior of lubricating greases depend on the base oil and the type and concentration of the dissolved thickener. In this study, the linear viscoelastic properties of greases were characterized by combining oscillatory shear and squeeze flow covering a broad frequency range (0.1–105 rad s−1). Multiple-particle tracking (MPT) microrheology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided further insight into local viscoelastic properties and sample structure on a submicron-length scale. The type and viscosity of the base oil did not affect the absolute value of the complex viscosity and the filament shape formed by a given thickener. High-frequency shear modulus data, however, indicated that the thickener lithium 12-hydroxystearate formed stiffer networks/filaments in poly-α-olefins than in mineral oils. As expected, the viscosity increased with increased thickener concentrations, but microscopy and high-frequency rheometry revealed that the thickness, length, and stiffness of the individual filaments did not change. In mineral oil, the 12-hydroxystearate thickeners yielded higher viscosity than the corresponding stearates with the same metal ion. The filamentous lithium thickeners created stronger networks than the roundish aggregates formed by magnesium and zinc stearate. Network mesh sizes varying between approximately 100 nm and 300 nm were consistently determined from SEM image analysis and MPT experiments. The MPT experiments further disclosed the existence of gel-like precursors of approximately 130 µm at thickener concentrations far below the critical value at which a sample-spanning network resulting in a characteristic grease texture is formed.
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29
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Guzman-Sepulveda JR, Batarseh M, Wu R, DeCampli WM, Dogariu A. Passive high-frequency microrheology of blood. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2452-2461. [PMID: 35279707 PMCID: PMC8941587 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01726h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Indicative of various pathologies, blood properties are under intense scrutiny. The hemorheological characteristics are traditionally gauged by bulk, low-frequency indicators that average out critical information about the complex, multi-scale, and multi-component structure. In particular, one cannot discriminate between the erythrocytes contribution to global rheology and the impact of plasma. Nevertheless, in their fast stochastic movement, before they encounter each other, the erythrocytes probe the subtle viscoelasticity of their protein-rich environment. Thus, if these short time scales can be resolved experimentally, the plasma properties could be determined without having to separate the blood components; the blood is practically testing itself. This microrheological description of blood plasma provides a direct link between the composition of whole blood and its coagulability status. We present a parametric model for the viscoelasticity of plasma, which is probed by the erythrocytes over frequency ranges of kilohertz in a picoliter-sized volume. The model is validated both in vitro, using artificial hemo-systems where the composition is controlled, as well as on whole blood where continuous measurements provide real-time information. We also discuss the possibility of using this passive microrheology as an in vivo assay for clinically relevant situations where the blood clotting condition must be observed and managed continuously for diagnosis or during therapeutic procedures at different stages of hemostatic and thrombotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rafael Guzman-Sepulveda
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, 4304 Scorpius, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA.
| | - Mahed Batarseh
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, 4304 Scorpius, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA.
| | - Ruitao Wu
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, 4304 Scorpius, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA.
| | - William M DeCampli
- Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Heart Center, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Aristide Dogariu
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, 4304 Scorpius, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA.
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30
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Meleties M, Britton D, Katyal P, Lin B, Martineau RL, Gupta MK, Montclare JK. High-Throughput Microrheology for the Assessment of Protein Gelation Kinetics. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meleties
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Dustin Britton
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Priya Katyal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Bonnie Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Rhett L. Martineau
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Maneesh K. Gupta
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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31
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Gelation and network structure of acidified milk gel investigated at different length scales with and without addition of iota-carrageenan. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Geonzon LC, Santoya AM, Jung H, Yuson H, Bacabac RG, Matsukawa S. Study on the heterogeneity in mixture carrageenan gels viewed by long time particle tracking. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Knežević M, Avilés Podgurski LE, Stark H. Oscillatory active microrheology of active suspensions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22706. [PMID: 34811417 PMCID: PMC8608831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the method of Brownian dynamics, we investigate the dynamic properties of a 2d suspension of active disks at high Péclet numbers using active microrheology. In our simulations the tracer particle is driven either by a constant or an oscillatory external force. In the first case, we find that the mobility of the tracer initially appreciably decreases with the external force and then becomes approximately constant for larger forces. For an oscillatory driving force we find that the dynamic mobility shows a quite complex behavior-it displays a highly nonlinear behavior on both the amplitude and frequency of the driving force. In the range of forces studied, we do not observe a linear regime. This result is important because it reveals that a phenomenological description of tracer motion in active media in terms of a simple linear stochastic equation even with a memory-mobility kernel is not appropriate, in the general case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Knežević
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Luisa E Avilés Podgurski
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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34
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Daviran M, McGlynn JA, Catalano JA, Knudsen HE, Druggan KJ, Croland KJ, Stratton A, Schultz KM. Measuring the Effects of Cytokines on the Modification of Pericellular Rheology by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5762-5774. [PMID: 34752080 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Implantable hydrogels are designed to treat wounds by providing structure and delivering additional cells to damaged tissue. These materials must consider how aspects of the native wound, including environmental chemical cues, affect and instruct delivered cells. One cell type researchers are interested in delivering are human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) due to their importance in healing. Wound healing involves recruiting and coordinating a variety of cells to resolve a wound. hMSCs coordinate the cellular response and are signaled to the wound by cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), present in vivo. These cytokines change hMSC secretions, regulating material remodeling. TGF-β, present from inflammation through remodeling, directs hMSCs to reorganize collagen, increasing extracellular matrix (ECM) structure. TNF-α, present primarily during inflammation, cues hMSCs to clear debris and degrade ECM. Because cytokines change how hMSCs degrade their microenvironment and are naturally present in the wound, they also affect how hMSCs migrate out of the scaffold to conduct healing. Therefore, the effects of cytokines on hMSC remodeling are important when designing materials for cell delivery. In this work, we encapsulate hMSCs in a polymer-peptide hydrogel and incubate the scaffolds in media with TGF-β or TNF-α at concentrations similar to those in wounds. Multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT) measures hMSC-mediated scaffold degradation in response to these cytokines, which mimics aspects of the in vivo microenvironment post-implantation. MPT uses video microscopy to measure Brownian motion of particles in a material, quantifying structure and rheology. Using MPT, we measure increased hMSC-mediated remodeling when cells are exposed to TNF-α and decreased remodeling after exposure to TGF-β when compared to untreated hMSCs. This agrees with previous studies that measure: (1) TNF-α encourages matrix reorganization and (2) TGF-β signals the formation of new matrix. These results enable material design that anticipates changes in remodeling after implantation, improving control over hMSC delivery and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Daviran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - John A McGlynn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Jenna A Catalano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Hannah E Knudsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Kilian J Druggan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Kiera J Croland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Amanda Stratton
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Kelly M Schultz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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35
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Goychuk I, Pöschel T. Fingerprints of viscoelastic subdiffusion in random environments: Revisiting some experimental data and their interpretations. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:034125. [PMID: 34654105 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.034125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many experimental studies revealed subdiffusion of various nanoparticles in diverse polymer and colloidal solutions, cytosol and plasma membrane of biological cells, which are viscoelastic and, at the same time, highly inhomogeneous randomly fluctuating environments. The observed subdiffusion often combines features of ergodic fractional Brownian motion (reflecting viscoelasticity) and nonergodic jumplike non-Markovian diffusional processes (reflecting disorder). Accordingly, several theories were proposed to explain puzzling experimental findings. Below we show that some of the significant and profound published experimental results are better rationalized within the viscoelastic subdiffusion approach in random environments, which is based on generalized Langevin dynamics in random potentials, than some earlier proposed theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Goychuk
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Pöschel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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36
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He S, Pascucci DR, Caggioni M, Lindberg S, Schultz KM. Rheological properties of phase transitions in polydisperse and monodisperse colloidal rod systems. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin He
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania USA
| | - Dominic R. Pascucci
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania USA
| | - Marco Caggioni
- Process and Engineering Development Procter & Gamble Co West Chester Ohio USA
| | - Seth Lindberg
- Process and Engineering Development Procter & Gamble Co West Chester Ohio USA
| | - Kelly M. Schultz
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania USA
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37
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Dixit A, Parashar CK, Dutta S, Mahanta J, Kakati N, Bandyopadhyay D. A microfluidic viscometer: Translation of oscillatory motion of a water microdroplet in oil under electric field. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2162-2170. [PMID: 34342881 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The electric field induced motion of a charged water droplet suspended in a low-dielectric oil medium is exploited to evaluate the rheological properties of the suspending medium. The time-periodic electrophoretic motion of the droplet between the electrodes decorated in a polymeric micro-well is translated into a proof-of-concept microfluidic prototype, which can measure viscosities of the unknown fluid samples. The variations in the instantaneous velocities of the migrating droplet have been measured inside silicone oil of known physical properties at different electric field intensities. Subsequently, a balance between the electric field to the viscous force has been employed to evaluate the experimental charge density on the droplet surface. Thereafter, a comprehensive scaling law has been devised to find a correlation between the charge on the droplet to the dielectric permittivity of the surrounding medium, size of the water droplet, and the applied electric field intensity. Following this, the scaling law and force balance have been employed together to evaluate the unknown viscosity of an array of suspending mediums by simply analyzing the electrophoretic motion of water droplet. The model proposed is also found to be consistent when a solid amberlite microparticle has been employed as a probe instead of the water droplet. In such a scenario, minor changes in the exponents of the scaling law are found to be necessary to reproduce the results obtained using the water droplet. The method paves the way for the making of an economical and portable microfluidic rheometer with further finetuning and translational developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh Dixit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Satarupa Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Jiwajyoti Mahanta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Nayanjyoti Kakati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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38
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Abstract
Motivated from the central role of the mean-square displacement and its second time-derivative - that is the velocity autocorrelation function in the description of Brownian motion and its implications to microrheology, we revisit the physical meaning of the first time-derivative of the mean-square displacement of Brownian particles. By employing a rheological analogue for Brownian motion, we show that the time-derivative of the mean-square displacement of Brownian microspheres with mass m and radius R immersed in any linear, isotropic viscoelastic material is identical to , where h(t) is the impulse response function (strain history γ(t), due to an impulse stress τ(t) = δ(t - 0)) of a rheological network that is a parallel connection of the linear viscoelastic material with an inerter with distributed inertance . The impulse response function of the viscoelastic material-inerter parallel connection derived in this paper at the stress-strain level of the rheological analogue is essentially the response function of the Brownian particles expressed at the force-displacement level by Nishi et al. after making use of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. By employing the viscoelastic material-inerter rheological analogue we derive the mean-square displacement and its time-derivatives of Brownian particles immersed in a viscoelastic material described with a Maxwell element connected in parallel with a dashpot and we show that for Brownian motion of microparticles immersed in such fluid-like materials, the impulse response function h(t) maintains a finite constant value in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicos Makris
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75276, USA. and Office of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Academy of Athens, 10679, Greece
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39
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Madanchi A, Yu JW, Lee WB, Rahimi Tabar MR, Rahbari SHE. Dynamical time scales of friction dynamics in active microrheology of a model glass. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5162-5169. [PMID: 34036970 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the local/heterogeneous structures in supercooled liquids, after several decades of research, it is now clear that supercooled liquids are structurally different from their conventional liquid counterparts. Accordingly, an approach based on a local probe should provide a better understanding about the local mechanical properties as well as heterogeneous structures. Recently, the superiority of active microrheology over global rheology has been demonstrated [Yu et al., Sci. Adv., 2020, 6, 8766]. Here, we elaborate this new avenue of research and provide more evidence for such superiority. We report on the results of an extensive molecular dynamics simulation of active microrheology of a model glass. We identify several time scales in time series of friction, and detect a transition in dynamical behavior of friction. We discuss the possible relation to structural heterogeneities-a subject of considerable interest in glass physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Madanchi
- Department of Physics, McGill University, H3A2T8, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ji Woong Yu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - M R Rahimi Tabar
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9161, Iran and Institute of Physics and ForWind, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - S H E Rahbari
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea and School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
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40
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Espasa-Valdepeñas A, Vega JF, Cruz V, Ramos J, Müller AJ, Martinez-Salazar J. Revisiting Polymer-Particle Interaction in PEO Solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3808-3816. [PMID: 33764765 PMCID: PMC9132384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the electrophoretic mobility and diffusion coefficient of carboxylate-modified and sulfate-modified polystyrene latex particles in poly(ethylene oxide) aqueous solutions. Carboxylate-modified polystyrene particles have shown a bound polymeric layer as the surface net charge vanishes even at very low poly(ethylene oxide) concentration. The polymeric layer causes a lower electrophoretic mobility and slower Brownian diffusion than that corresponding to the bare particles. We show that the diffusion is the result of a significantly increased effective particle size 2rheff = 30 nm. This bound layer is not present in sulfate-modified polystyrene latex particles. The interaction between the carboxylate-modified particle surface and the macromolecules has been confirmed by means of atomistic computer simulations. The grafted acrylate copolymers, which come from the preparation procedure of the latex particles, confer more hydrophobic surface ready to interact with the polymer. The simulations suggest that the interaction is modulated not only by the nature of the acrylic acid monomer but also by the length of the grafted copolymer. Our results have important implications for particle selection in microrheology experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Espasa-Valdepeñas
- Biophym,
Departamento de Física Macromolecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC) c/Serrano 113 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. F. Vega
- Biophym,
Departamento de Física Macromolecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC) c/Serrano 113 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Cruz
- Biophym,
Departamento de Física Macromolecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC) c/Serrano 113 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Ramos
- Biophym,
Departamento de Física Macromolecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC) c/Serrano 113 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. J. Müller
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J. Martinez-Salazar
- Biophym,
Departamento de Física Macromolecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC) c/Serrano 113 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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41
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Ling X, Mayer A, Yang X, Bournival G, Ata S. Motion of Particles in a Monolayer Induced by Coalescing of a Bubble with a Planar Air-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3648-3661. [PMID: 33745278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The motion of particles in a monolayer induced by the coalescing of a bare bubble with a planar air-water interface was investigated in a modified Langmuir trough. Experiments were performed to understand the effect of particle hydrophobicity, subphase pH, packing density, the presence of a weak surfactant, and particle size distribution on the behavior of particle movement in the monolayer during the coalescence process. Video tracking software was used to track the particles and extract data based on the video footage. Visual inspection indicated that the coalescence of the bubble with the monolayer was a chaotic process which led the interface to oscillate to an extent that the particles underwent complete rearrangement. A simple analysis was carried out on the main forces involved in particle motion and rearrangement at the oscillating air-water interface. The motion characteristic of particles was evaluated by speed and mean-square displacement (MSD). The results showed that the butanol-treated particles had higher speed and MSD than the particles with a stronger affinity to the air-water interface. Similar results were also found at high subphase pH and low packing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Ling
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander Mayer
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xingshi Yang
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ghislain Bournival
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Seher Ata
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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42
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Cai PC, Krajina BA, Kratochvil MJ, Zou L, Zhu A, Burgener EB, Bollyky PL, Milla CE, Webber MJ, Spakowitz AJ, Heilshorn SC. Dynamic light scattering microrheology for soft and living materials. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1929-1939. [PMID: 33427280 PMCID: PMC7938343 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01597k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for using dynamic light scattering in the single-scattering limit to measure the viscoelastic moduli of soft materials. This microrheology technique only requires a small sample volume of 12 μL to measure up to six decades in time of rheological behavior. We demonstrate the use of dynamic light scattering microrheology (DLSμR) on a variety of soft materials, including dilute polymer solutions, covalently-crosslinked polymer gels, and active, biological fluids. In this work, we detail the procedure for applying the technique to new materials and discuss the critical considerations for implementing the technique, including a custom analysis script for analyzing data output. We focus on the advantages of applying DLSμR to biologically relevant materials: breast cancer cells encapsulated in a collagen gel and cystic fibrosis sputum. DLSμR is an easy, efficient, and economical rheological technique that can guide the design of new polymeric materials and facilitate the understanding of the underlying physics governing behavior of naturally derived materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela C Cai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Brad A Krajina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Michael J Kratochvil
- Department of Materials Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. and Stanford Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Zou
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Audrey Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Elizabeth B Burgener
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carlos E Milla
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew J Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Andrew J Spakowitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. and Department of Materials Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA and Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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43
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Roy P, Liu S, Dutcher CS. Droplet Interfacial Tensions and Phase Transitions Measured in Microfluidic Channels. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:73-97. [PMID: 33607917 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of droplet phase and interfacial tension (IFT) are important in the fields of atmospheric aerosols and emulsion science. Bulk macroscale property measurements with similar constituents cannot capture the effect of microscopic length scales and highly curved surfaces on the transport characteristics and heterogeneous chemistry typical in these applications. Instead, microscale droplet measurements ensure properties are measured at the relevant length scale. With recent advances in microfluidics, customized multiphase fluid flows can be created in channels for the manipulation and observation of microscale droplets in an enclosed setting without the need for large and expensive control systems. In this review, we discuss the applications of different physical principles at the microscale and corresponding microfluidic approaches for the measurement of droplet phase state, viscosity, and IFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyatanu Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
| | - Shihao Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
| | - Cari S Dutcher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA; .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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44
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McGlynn JA, Druggan KJ, Croland KJ, Schultz KM. Human mesenchymal stem cell-engineered length scale dependent rheology of the pericellular region measured with bi-disperse multiple particle tracking microrheology. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:405-417. [PMID: 33278674 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological materials have length scale dependent structure enabling complex cell-material interactions and driving cellular processes. Synthetic biomaterials are designed to mimic aspects of these biological materials for applications including enhancing cell delivery during wound healing. To mimic native microenvironments, we must understand how cells manipulate their surroundings over several length scales. Our work characterizes length scale dependent rheology in a well-established 3D cell culture platform for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). hMSCs re-engineer their microenvironment through matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretions and cytoskeletal tension. Remodeling occurs across length scales: MMPs degrade cross-links on nanometer scales resulting in micrometer-sized paths that hMSCs migrate through, eventually resulting in bulk scaffold degradation. We use multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT) and bi-disperse MPT to characterize hMSC-mediated length scale dependent pericellular remodeling. MPT measures particle Brownian motion to calculate rheological properties. We use MPT to measure larger length scales with 4.5 µm particles. Bi-disperse MPT simultaneously measures two different length scales (0.5 and 2.0 µm). We measure that hMSCs preferentially remodel larger length scales measured as a higher mobility of larger particles. We inhibit cytoskeletal tension by inhibiting myosin-II and no longer measure this difference in particle mobility. This indicates that cytoskeletal tension is the source of cell-mediated length scale dependent rheological changes. Particle mobility correlates with cell speed across length scales, relating material rheology to cell behavior. These results quantify length scale dependent pericellular remodeling and provide insight into how these microenvironments can be designed into materials to direct cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McGlynn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr., Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Kilian J Druggan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr., Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Kiera J Croland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr., Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Kelly M Schultz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr., Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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45
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Abaurrea-Velasco C, Lozano C, Bechinger C, de Graaf J. Autonomously Probing Viscoelasticity in Disordered Suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:258002. [PMID: 33416358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.258002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments show a strong rotational diffusion enhancement for self-propelled microrheological probes in colloidal glasses. Here, we provide microscopic understanding using simulations with a frictional probe-medium coupling that converts active translation into rotation. Diffusive enhancement emerges from the medium's disordered structure and peaks at a second-order transition in the number of contacts. Our results reproduce the salient features of the colloidal glass experiment and support an effective description that is applicable to a broader class of viscoelastic suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Abaurrea-Velasco
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University,Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Celia Lozano
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Clemens Bechinger
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joost de Graaf
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University,Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
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46
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Seifert J, Koch K, Hess M, Schmidt AM. Magneto-mechanical coupling of single domain particles in soft matter systems. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Combining inorganic magnetic particles with complex soft matrices such as liquid crystals, biological fluids, gels, or elastomers, allows access to a plethora of magnetoactive effects that are useful for sensing and actuation perspectives, allowing inter alia to explore and manipulate material properties on the nanoscale. The article provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancement on employing magnetic nanoparticles either as tracers for dynamic processes, or as nanoscopic actuating units. By variation of the particle characteristics in terms of size, shape, surface functionality, and magnetic behavior, the interaction between the probe or actuator particles and their environment can be systematically tailored in wide ranges, giving insight into the relevant structure–property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Seifert
- Chemistry Department , Universität zu Köln , Köln , Nordrhein-Westfalen , Germany
| | - Karin Koch
- Chemistry Department , Universität zu Köln , Köln , Nordrhein-Westfalen , Germany
| | - Melissa Hess
- Chemistry Department , Universität zu Köln , Köln , Nordrhein-Westfalen , Germany
| | - Annette M. Schmidt
- Chemistry Department , Universität zu Köln , Köln , Nordrhein-Westfalen , Germany
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47
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Joyner K, Yang S, Duncan GA. Microrheology for biomaterial design. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:041508. [PMID: 33415310 PMCID: PMC7775114 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microrheology analyzes the microscopic behavior of complex materials by measuring the diffusion and transport of embedded particle probes. This experimental method can provide valuable insight into the design of biomaterials with the ability to connect material properties and biological responses to polymer-scale dynamics and interactions. In this review, we discuss how microrheology can be harnessed as a characterization method complementary to standard techniques in biomaterial design. We begin by introducing the core principles and instruments used to perform microrheology. We then review previous studies that incorporate microrheology in their design process and highlight biomedical applications that have been supported by this approach. Overall, this review provides rationale and practical guidance for the utilization of microrheological analysis to engineer novel biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Joyner
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Sydney Yang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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48
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Kogo T, Shundo A, Wang C, Tanaka K. Spatial Heterogeneity Accompanying Gel Formation of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Aqueous Solution at a Temperature below Cloud Point. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kogo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsuomi Shundo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Automotive Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Automotive Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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49
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Geonzon LC, Descallar FBA, Du L, Bacabac RG, Matsukawa S. Gelation mechanism and network structure in gels of carrageenans and their mixtures viewed at different length scales – A review. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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50
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Wlodarski M, Mancini L, Raciti B, Sclavi B, Lagomarsino MC, Cicuta P. Cytosolic Crowding Drives the Dynamics of Both Genome and Cytosol in Escherichia coli Challenged with Sub-lethal Antibiotic Treatments. iScience 2020; 23:101560. [PMID: 33083729 PMCID: PMC7522891 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to their molecular mode of action, the system-level effect of antibiotics on cells is only beginning to be quantified. Molecular crowding is expected to be a relevant global regulator, which we explore here through the dynamic response phenotypes in Escherichia coli, at single-cell resolution, under sub-lethal regimes of different classes of clinically relevant antibiotics, acting at very different levels in the cell. We measure chromosomal mobility through tracking of fast (<15 s timescale) fluctuations of fluorescently tagged chromosomal loci, and we probe the fluidity of the cytoplasm by tracking cytosolic aggregates. Measuring cellular density, we show how the overall levels of macromolecular crowding affect both quantities, regardless of antibiotic-specific effects. The dominant trend is a strong correlation between the effects in different parts of the chromosome and between the chromosome and cytosol, supporting the concept of an overall global role of molecular crowding in cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Wlodarski
- Biological and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Dipartimento di Fisica and I.N.F.N., Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancini
- Biological and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bianca Raciti
- Biological and Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bianca Sclavi
- Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (UMR 8113 CNRS), École Normale Supérieure, Paris-Saclay, France
| | | | - Pietro Cicuta
- IFOM Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan 20139, Italy
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