1
|
Li Y, Xu L, Yang C, Xu L, Liu S, Yang Z, Li Q, Dong J, Yang J, Lu J. Electrical Contacts in Monolayer MoSi 2N 4 Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:49496-49507. [PMID: 39231283 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The latest synthesized monolayer (ML) MoSi2N4 material exhibits stability in ambient conditions, suitable bandgap, and high mobilities. Its potential as a next-generation transistor channel material has been demonstrated through quantum transport simulations. However, in practical two-dimensional (2D) material transistors, the electrical contacts formed by the channel and the electrode must be optimized, as they are crucial for determining the efficiency of carrier injection. We employed the density functional theory (DFT) combined with the nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method to systematically explore the vertical and horizontal interfaces between the typical metal electrodes and the ML MoSi2N4. The DFT+NEGF method incorporates the coupling between the electrode and the channel, which is crucial for quantum transport. Among these metals, Sc and Ti form n-type Ohmic contacts with zero tunneling barriers at both vertical and horizontal interfaces with ML MoSi2N4, making them optimal for contact metals. In-ML MoSi2N4 contacts display zero Schottky barriers but a 3.11 eV tunneling barrier. Cu and Au establish n-type Schottky contacts, while Pt forms a p-type contact. The Fermi pinning factors of the metal-ML MoSi2N4 contacts for both electrons and holes are above 0.51, much higher than the typical 2D semiconductors. Moreover, there is a strong positive correlation between the Fermi pinning factor and the band gap, with a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.897 and a p-value below 0.001. Our work provides insight into the contact optimization for the ML MoSi2N4 transistors and highlights the promising potential of ML MoSi2N4 as the channel material for the next-generation FETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lianqiang Xu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Nanostructure and Functional Materials, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Linqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Shiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies, Hangzhou 311305, P. R. China
| | - Zongmeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jichao Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, School of Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL-MEMD), Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shrivastava A, Saini S, Kumari D, Singh S, Adam J. Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge 2Se 2 and its application in photovoltaic devices. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:1153-1169. [PMID: 39290526 PMCID: PMC11406054 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, the unique properties of two-dimensional materials have sparked intense research interest regarding their use as alternative materials in various photonic applications. Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers have been proposed as transport layers in photovoltaic cells, but the promising characteristics of group IV-VI dichalcogenides are yet to be thoroughly investigated. This manuscript reports on monolayer Ge2Se2 (a group IV-VI dichalcogenide), its optoelectronic behavior, and its potential application in photovoltaics. When employed as a hole transport layer, the material fosters an astonishing device performance. We use ab initio modeling for the material prediction, while classical drift-diffusion drives the device simulations. Hybrid functionals calculate electronic and optical properties to maintain high accuracy. The structural stability has been verified using phonon spectra. The E-k dispersion reveals the investigated material's key electronic properties. The calculations reveal a direct bandgap of 1.12 eV for monolayer Ge2Se2. We further extract critical optical parameters using the Kubo-Greenwood formalism and Kramers-Kronig relations. A significantly large absorption coefficient and a high dielectric constant inspired the design of a monolayer Ge2Se2-based solar cell, exhibiting a high open circuit voltage of V oc = 1.11 V, a fill factor of 87.66%, and more than 28% power conversion efficiency at room temperature. Our findings advocate monolayer Ge2Se2 for various optoelectronic devices, including next-generation solar cells. The hybrid quantum-to-macroscopic methodology presented here applies to broader classes of 2D and 3D materials and structures, showing a path to the computational design of future photovoltaic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Shrivastava
- Computational Materials and Photonics (CMP), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
- Computational Nano-Material Research Lab (CNMRL), Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivani Saini
- Computational Materials and Photonics (CMP), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
- Computational Nano-Material Research Lab (CNMRL), Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dolly Kumari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India
| | - Sanjai Singh
- Computational Nano-Material Research Lab (CNMRL), Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jost Adam
- Computational Materials and Photonics (CMP), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Samanta K, Tsymbal EY. Symmetry-controlled SrRuO 3/SrTiO 3/SrRuO 3magnetic tunnel junctions: spin polarization and its relevance to tunneling magnetoresistance. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:495802. [PMID: 39258556 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad765f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), that consist of two ferromagnetic electrodes separated by an insulating barrier layer, have non-trivial fundamental properties associated with spin-dependent tunneling. Especially interesting are fully crystalline MTJs where spin-dependent tunneling is controlled by the symmetry group of wave vector. In this work, using first-principles quantum-transport calculations, we explore spin-dependent tunneling in fully crystalline SrRuO3/SrTiO3/SrRuO3(001) MTJs and predict tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of nearly 3000%. We demonstrate that this giant TMR effect is driven by symmetry matching (mismatching) of the incoming and outcoming Bloch states in the SrRuO3(001) electrodes and evanescent states in the SrTiO3(001) barrier. We argue that under the conditions of symmetry-controlled transport, spin polarization, whatever definition is used, is not a relevant measure of spin-dependent tunneling. In the presence of diffuse scattering, however, e.g. due to localized states in the band gap of the tunnel barrier, symmetry matching is no longer valid and TMR in SrRuO3/SrTiO3/SrRuO3(001) MTJs is strongly reduced. Under these conditions, the spin polarization of the interface transmission function becomes a valid measure of TMR. These results provide an important insight into understanding and optimizing TMR in all-oxide MTJs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Samanta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Evgeny Y Tsymbal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khodadadi Yazdi M, Manohar A, Olejnik A, Smułka A, Kramek A, Pierpaoli M, Saeb MR, Bogdanowicz R, Ryl J. Elucidating charge transfer process and enhancing electrochemical performance of laser-induced graphene via surface engineering with sustainable hydrogel membranes: An electrochemist's perspective. Talanta 2024; 281:126836. [PMID: 39260256 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has emerged as a promising solvent-free strategy for producing highly porous, 3D graphene structures, particularly for electrochemical applications. However, the unique character of LIG and hydrogel membrane (HM) coated LIG requires accounting for the specific conditions of its charge transfer process. This study investigates electron transfer kinetics and the electroactive surface area of LIG electrodes, finding efficient kinetics for the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox process, with a high rate constant of 4.89 x 10-3 cm/s. The impact of polysaccharide HM coatings (cationic chitosan, neutral agarose and anionic sodium alginate) on LIG's charge transfer behavior is elucidated, considering factors like ohmic drop across porous LIG and Coulombic interactions/permeability affecting diffusion coefficient (D), estimated from amperometry.It was found that D of redox species is lower for HM-coated LIGs, and is the lowest for chitosan HM. Chitosan coating results in increased capacitive share in the total current while does not apparently reduce Faradaic current. Experimental findings are supported by ab-initio calculations showing an electrostatic potential map's negative charge distribution upon chitosan chain protonation, having an effect in over a two-fold redox current increase upon switching the pH from 7.48 to 1.73. This feature is absent for other studied HMs. It was also revealed that the chitosan's band gap was reduced to 3.07 eV upon acetylation, due to the introduction of a new LUMO state. This study summarizes the operating conditions enhanced by HM presence, impacting redox process kinetics and presenting unique challenges for prospective LIG/HM systems' electrochemical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
- Division of Electrochemistry and Surface Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland; Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Aiswarya Manohar
- Division of Electrochemistry and Surface Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland; Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrian Olejnik
- Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Smułka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kramek
- Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Rzeszów University of Technology, Kwiatkowskiego 4, 37-450, Stalowa Wola, Poland
| | - Mattia Pierpaoli
- Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Division of Electrochemistry and Surface Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland; Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Emir R, Tuncsiper C, Surekci Yamacli D, Yamacli S, Tekin SA. Investigation of Electric Field Tunable Optical and Electrical Characteristics of Zigzag and Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons: An Ab Initio Approach. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1446. [PMID: 39269109 PMCID: PMC11396944 DOI: 10.3390/nano14171446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), categorized into zigzag and armchair types, hold significant promise in electronics due to their unique properties. In this study, optical properties of zigzag and armchair GNRs are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with Kubo-Greenwood formalism. Our findings reveal that optical characteristics of both GNR types can be extensively modulated through the application of a transverse electric field, e.g., the refractive index of the a zigzag GNR is shown to vary in the range of n = 0.3 and n = 9.9 for the transverse electric field values between 0 V/Å and 10 V/Å. Additionally, electrical transmission spectra and the electrical conductivities of the GNRs are studied using DFT combined with non-equilibrium Green's function formalism, again uncovering a strong dependence on the transverse electric field. For example, the conductance of the armchair GNR is shown to vary in the range of G = 6 μA/V and G = 201 μA/V by the transverse electric field. These results demonstrate the potential of GNRs for use in electronically controlled optoelectronic devices, promising a broad range of applications in advanced electronic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Emir
- Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Erciyes University, 38010 Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | | | - Serhan Yamacli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Izmir Democracy University, 35140 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sezai Alper Tekin
- Department of Industrial Design Engineering, Erciyes University, 38010 Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahart CS, Chulkov SK, Cucinotta CS. Enabling Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics under Bias: The CP2K+SMEAGOL Interface for Integrating Density Functional Theory and Non-Equilibrium Green Functions. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:6772-6780. [PMID: 39013589 PMCID: PMC11325543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) combined with non-equilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) is a powerful approach to model quantum transport under external bias potentials at reasonable computational cost. In this work, we present a new interface between the popular mixed Gaussian/plane waves electronic structure package, CP2K, and the NEGF, code SMEAGOL, the most feature-rich implementation of DFT-NEGF available for CP2K to date. The CP2K+SMEAGOL interface includes the implementation of current induced forces. We verify this implementation for a variety of systems: an infinite 1D Au wire, a parallel-plate capacitor, and a Au-H2-Au junction. We find good agreement with SMEAGOL calculations performed with SIESTA for the same systems and with the example of a solvated Au wire demonstrating for the first time that DFT-NEGF can be used to perform molecular dynamics simulations under bias of large-scale condensed phase systems under realistic operating conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Ahart
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry and Thomas Young Centre, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Sergey K Chulkov
- University of Lincoln, School of Mathematics and Physics, Lincoln LN6 7TS, U.K
| | - Clotilde S Cucinotta
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry and Thomas Young Centre, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Nikonov DE, Lin H, Kang D, Kim R, Li H, Klimeck G. First-Principles Simulation and Materials Screening for Spin-Orbit Torque in 2D van der Waals Heterostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308965. [PMID: 38693077 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in spin-orbit torque (SOT) technology in two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials have not only pushed spintronic devices to their atomic limits but have also unveiled unconventional torques and novel spin-switching mechanisms. The vast diversity of SOT observed in numerous 2D vdW materials necessitates a screening strategy to identify optimal materials for torque device performance. However, such a strategy has yet to be established. To address this critical issue, a combination of density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function is employed to calculate the SOT in various 2D vdW bilayer heterostructures. This leads to the discovery of three high SOT systems: WTe2/CrSe2, MoTe2/VS2, and NbSe2/CrSe2. Furthermore, a figure of merit that allows for rapid and efficient estimation of SOT is proposed, enabling high-throughput screening of optimal materials and devices for SOT applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Wang
- Network for Computational Nanotechnology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | | | - Hongyang Lin
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Dain Kang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Raseong Kim
- Components Research, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, 97124, USA
| | - Hai Li
- Components Research, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, 97124, USA
| | - Gerhard Klimeck
- Network for Computational Nanotechnology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Samanta K, Shahed NA, Zhang H, Fang C, Ernst A, Tsymbal EY, Parkin SSP. Twist-assisted all-antiferromagnetic tunnel junction in the atomic limit. Nature 2024; 632:1045-1051. [PMID: 39143222 PMCID: PMC11358014 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Antiferromagnetic spintronics1,2 shows great potential for high-density and ultrafast information devices. Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), a key spintronic memory component that are typically formed from ferromagnetic materials, have seen rapid developments very recently using antiferromagnetic materials3,4. Here we demonstrate a twisting strategy for constructing all-antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions down to the atomic limit. By twisting two bilayers of CrSBr, a 2D antiferromagnet (AFM), a more than 700% nonvolatile tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio is shown at zero field (ZF) with the entire twisted stack acting as the tunnel barrier. This is determined by twisting two CrSBr monolayers for which the TMR is shown to be derived from accumulative coherent tunnelling across the individual CrSBr monolayers. The dependence of the TMR on the twist angle is calculated from the electron-parallel momentum-dependent decay across the twisted monolayers. This is in excellent agreement with our experiments that consider twist angles that vary from 0° to 90°. Moreover, we also find that the temperature dependence of the TMR is, surprisingly, much weaker for the twisted as compared with the untwisted junctions, making the twisted junctions even more attractive for applications. Our work shows that it is possible to push nonvolatile magnetic information storage to the atomically thin limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Chen
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Kartik Samanta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Naafis A Shahed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Chi Fang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Arthur Ernst
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Evgeny Y Tsymbal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi H, Yang S, Wang H, Ding D, Hu Y, Qu H, Chen C, Hu X, Zhang S. Simulations of Anisotropic Monolayer GaSCl for p-Type Sub-10 nm High-Performance and Low-Power FETs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:39592-39599. [PMID: 39013074 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have been extensively studied in field-effect transistors (FETs). However, the performance of p-type FETs has lagged behind that of n-type, which limits the development of complementary logical circuits. Here, we investigate the electronic properties and transport performance of anisotropic monolayer GaSCl for p-type FETs through first-principles calculations. The anisotropic electronic properties of monolayer GaSCl result in excellent device performance. The p-type GaSCl FETs with 10 nm channel length have an on-state current of 2351 μA/μm for high-performance (HP) devices along the y direction and an on-state current of 992 μA/μm with an on/off ratio exceeding 107 for low-power (LP) applications along the x direction. In addition, the delay-time (τ) and power dissipation product of GaSCl FETs can fully meet the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors standards for HP and LP applications. Our work illustrates that monolayer GaSCl is a competitive p-type channel for next-generation devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shi
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Huipu Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Dupeng Ding
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hengze Qu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chuyao Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xuemin Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- School of Material Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang SH, Yang J, Shao DF, Zhu JJ, Yang W, Chang K. Geometric Amplitude Accompanying Local Responses: Spinor Phase Information from the Amplitudes of Spin-Polarized STM Measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:036204. [PMID: 39094154 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.036204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Solving the Hamiltonian of a system yields the energy dispersion and eigenstates. The geometric phase of the eigenstates generates many novel effects and potential applications. However, the geometric properties of the energy dispersion go unheeded. Here, we provide geometric insight into energy dispersion and introduce a geometric amplitude, namely, the geometric density of states (GDOS) determined by the Riemann curvature of the constant-energy contour. The geometric amplitude should accompany various local responses, which are generally formulated by the real-space Green's function. Under the stationary phase approximation, the GDOS simplifies the Green's function into its ultimate form. In particular, the amplitude factor embodies the spinor phase information of the eigenstates, favoring the extraction of the spin texture for topological surface states under an in-plane magnetic field through spin-polarized STM measurements. This work opens a new avenue for exploring the geometric properties of electronic structures and excavates the unexplored potential of spin-polarized STM measurements to probe the spinor phase information of eigenstates from their amplitudes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang H, Chen DR, Lin YC, Lin PH, Chang JT, Muthu J, Hofmann M, Hsieh YP. Enhancing the Electrochemical Activity of 2D Materials Edges through Oriented Electric Fields. ACS NANO 2024; 18. [PMID: 39012271 PMCID: PMC11295188 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The edges of 2D materials have emerged as promising electrochemical catalyst systems, yet their performance still lags behind that of noble metals. Here, we demonstrate the potential of oriented electric fields (OEFs) to enhance the electrochemical activity of 2D materials edges. By atomically engineering the edge of a fluorographene/graphene/MoS2 heterojunction nanoribbon, strong and localized OEFs were realized as confirmed by simulations and spatially resolved spectroscopy. The observed fringing OEF results in an enhancement of the heterogeneous charge transfer rate between the edge and the electrolyte by 2 orders of magnitude according to impedance spectroscopy. Ab initio calculations indicate a field-induced decrease in the reactant adsorption energy as the origin of this improvement. We apply the OEF-enhanced edge reactivity to hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and observe a significantly enhanced electrochemical performance, as evidenced by a 30% decrease in Tafel slope and a 3-fold enhanced turnover frequency. Our findings demonstrate the potential of OEFs for tailoring the catalytic properties of 2D material edges toward future complex reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Rui Chen
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- International
Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular
Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - You-Chen Lin
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Teng Chang
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeyavelan Muthu
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Low Dimensional Systems, J. Heyrovský
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Prague 18200, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Hofmann
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Hsieh
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li M, Liu Q, Zou Y, Wang J, Fan C. Thermoelectric Properties Regulated by Quantum Size Effects in Quasi-One-Dimensional γ-Graphdiyne Nanoribbons. Molecules 2024; 29:3312. [PMID: 39064891 PMCID: PMC11279214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Using density functional theory combined with the first principles calculation method of non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF-DFT), we studied the thermoelectric (TE) characteristics of one-dimensional γ-graphdiyne nanoribbons (γ-GDYNRs). The study found that the thermal conductivity of γ-GDYNRs has obvious anisotropy. At the same temperature and geometrical size, the lattice thermal conductivity of zigzag-edged γ-graphdiyne nanoribbons (γ-ZGDYNRs) is much lower than that of armchair-edged γ-graphdiyne nanoribbons (γ-AGDYNRs). We disclose the underlying mechanism for this intrinsic orientation. That is, γ-AGDYNRs have more phonon dispersion over the entire frequency range. Furthermore, the orientation dependence increases when the width of the γ-GDYNRs decreases. These excellent TE properties allow armchair-edged γ-graphdiyne nanoribbons with a planar width of 1.639 nm (γ-Z(2)GDYNRs) to have a higher power factor and lower thermal conductivity, ultimately resulting in a significantly higher TE conversion rate than other γ-GDYNR structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingang Wang
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China; (M.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chuanqiang Fan
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China; (M.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Asadinamin M, Živković A, de Leeuw NH, Lewis SP. Role of Interfacial Morphology in Cu 2O/TiO 2 and Band Bending: Insights from Density Functional Theory. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35781-35792. [PMID: 38922125 PMCID: PMC11247431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis, a promising solution to environmental challenges, relies on the generation and utilization of photogenerated charge carriers within photocatalysts. However, the recombination of these carriers often limits efficiency. Heterostructures, especially Cu2O/TiO2, have emerged as effective solutions to enhance charge separation. This study systematically explores the effect of interfacial morphologies on the band bending within Cu2O/TiO2 anatase heterostructures by employing density functional theory. Through this study, eight distinct interfaces are identified and analyzed, revealing a consistent staggered-type band alignment. Despite variations in band edge positions, systematic charge transfer from Cu2O to TiO2 is observed across all interfaces. The proposed band bending configurations would suggest enhanced charge separation and photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet illumination due to a Z-scheme configuration. This theoretical investigation provides valuable insights into the interplay between interfacial morphology, band bending, and charge transfer for advancing the understanding of fundamental electronic mechanisms in heterostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Asadinamin
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Aleksandar Živković
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3548CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht
University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz
10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nora H. de Leeuw
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3548CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Lewis
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Day PN, Pachter R, Nguyen KA, Hong G. Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity: Analysis of Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:5475-5486. [PMID: 38888590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS), which was demonstrated in several molecular and material systems, has drawn much interest recently. The phenomenon, described in electron transport by the difference in the transport rate of electrons of opposite spins through a chiral system, is however not fully understood. Herein, we employed density functional theory in conjunction with spin-orbit coupling to evaluate the percent spin-polarization in a device setup with finite electrodes at zero bias, using an electron transport program developed in-house. To study the interface effects and the level of theory considered, we investigated a helical oligopeptide chain, an intrinsically chiral gold cluster, and a helicene model system that was previously studied (Zöllner et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 7357-7371). We find that the magnitude of the spin-polarization depends on the chiral system-electrode interface that is modeled by varying the interface boundary between the system's regions, on the method of calculating spin-orbit coupling, and on the exchange-correlation functional, e.g., the amount of exact exchange in the hybrid functionals. In addition, to assess the effects of bias, we employ the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism in the Quantum Atomistix Toolkit program, showing that the spin-flip terms could be important in calculating the CISS effect. Although understanding CISS in comparison to experiment is still not resolved, our study provides intrinsic responses from first-principles calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Day
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Ruth Pachter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Kiet A Nguyen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Gongyi Hong
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen H, Tian W, Zhang L, Song P, Jia L, Chen J, Zhu Z, Feng YP, Loh KP. Highly Efficient Spin Injection and Readout Across Van Der Waals Interface. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403073. [PMID: 38966892 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Spin injection, transport, and detection across the interface between a ferromagnet and a spin-carrying channel are crucial for energy-efficient spin logic devices. However, interfacial conductance mismatch, spin dephasing, and inefficient spin-to-charge conversion significantly reduce the efficiency of these processes. In this study, it is demonstrated that an all van der Waals heterostructure consisting of a ferromagnet (Fe3GeTe2) and Weyl semimetal enables a large spin readout efficiency. Specifically, a nonlocal spin readout signal of 150 mΩ and a local spin readout signal of 7.8 Ω is achieved, which reach the signal level useful for practical spintronic devices. The remarkable spin readout signal is attributed to suppressed spin dephasing channels at the vdW interfaces, long spin diffusion, and efficient charge-spin interconversion in Td-MoTe2. These findings highlight the potential of vdW heterostructures for spin Hall effect-enabled spin detection with high efficiency, opening up new possibilities for spin-orbit logic devices using vdW interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wanghao Tian
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lishu Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Peng Song
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Lanxin Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Zhifeng Zhu
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen Z, Tan X, Li Q, Wan J, Xu G. High-Performance One-Dimensional Sub-5 nm Transistors Based on Poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) Molecular Wires. Molecules 2024; 29:3207. [PMID: 38999159 PMCID: PMC11243332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) molecular wires are one-dimensional materials with distinctive properties and can be applied in electronic devices. Here, the approach called first-principles quantum transport is utilized to investigate the PPE molecular wire field-effect transistor (FET) efficiency limit through the geometry of the gate-all-around (GAA) instrument. It is observed that the n-type GAA PPE molecular wire FETs with a suitable gate length (Lg = 5 nm) and underlap (UL = 1, 2, 3 nm) can gratify the on-state current (Ion), power dissipation (PDP), and delay period (τ) concerning the conditions in 2028 to achieve the higher performance (HP) request of the International Roadmap for Device and Systems (IRDS, 2022 version). In contrast, the p-type GAA PPE molecular wire FETs with Lg = 5, 3 nm, and UL of 1, 2, 3 nm could gratify the Ion, PDP, and τ concerning the 2028 needs to achieve the HP request of the IRDS in 2022, while Lg = 5 and UL = 3 nm could meet the Ion and τ concerning the 2028 needs to achieve the LP request of the IRDS in 2022. More importantly, this is the first one-dimensional carbon-based ambipolar FET. Therefore, the GAA PPE molecular wire FETs could be a latent choice to downscale Moore's law to 3 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Chen
- Department of Physics, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China
| | - Xingyi Tan
- Department of Physics, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jing Wan
- Department of Physics, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Physics, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen Z, Grace IM, Woltering SL, Chen L, Gee A, Baugh J, Briggs GAD, Bogani L, Mol JA, Lambert CJ, Anderson HL, Thomas JO. Quantum interference enhances the performance of single-molecule transistors. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:986-992. [PMID: 38528108 PMCID: PMC11286519 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Quantum effects in nanoscale electronic devices promise to lead to new types of functionality not achievable using classical electronic components. However, quantum behaviour also presents an unresolved challenge facing electronics at the few-nanometre scale: resistive channels start leaking owing to quantum tunnelling. This affects the performance of nanoscale transistors, with direct source-drain tunnelling degrading switching ratios and subthreshold swings, and ultimately limiting operating frequency due to increased static power dissipation. The usual strategy to mitigate quantum effects has been to increase device complexity, but theory shows that if quantum effects can be exploited in molecular-scale electronics, this could provide a route to lower energy consumption and boost device performance. Here we demonstrate these effects experimentally, showing how the performance of molecular transistors is improved when the resistive channel contains two destructively interfering waves. We use a zinc-porphyrin coupled to graphene electrodes in a three-terminal transistor to demonstrate a >104 conductance-switching ratio, a subthreshold swing at the thermionic limit, a >7 kHz operating frequency and stability over >105 cycles. We fully map the anti-resonance interference features in conductance, reproduce the behaviour by density functional theory calculations and trace back the high performance to the coupling between molecular orbitals and graphene edge states. These results demonstrate how the quantum nature of electron transmission at the nanoscale can enhance, rather than degrade, device performance, and highlight directions for future development of miniaturized electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Chen
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Iain M Grace
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Steffen L Woltering
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Alex Gee
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Baugh
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lapo Bogani
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Jan A Mol
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK.
| | - James O Thomas
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou YH, Dang ZM, Wang HD. Simulation of electrical rectification effect in two-dimensional MoSe 2/WSe 2lateral heterostructures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:375602. [PMID: 38848731 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad5595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides lateral heterostructures exhibit excellent performance in electrics and optics. The electron transport of the heterostructures can be effectively regulated by ingenious design. In this study, we construct a monolayer MoSe2/WSe2lateral heterostructure, covalently connecting monolayer MoSe2and monolayer WSe2. Using the Extended Huckel Theory method, we explored current-voltage characteristics under varied conditions, including altering carrier density, atomic replacement and interface angles. Calculations demonstrate a significant electrical rectification ratio (ERR) ranging from 200 to 800. Additionally, Employing Density Functional Theory with non-equilibrium Green's function method, we investigated electronic properties, attributing the rectification effect to electronic state distribution differences, asymmetric transmission coefficients and band bending of projected local density of states. The expandability of the interfacial energy barrier enhances the rectification effect through adjustments in carrier concentration, atomic replacements and interface size. However, these enhancements introduce challenges such as increased electron-boundary scattering and reduced ambipolarity, resulting in a lower ERR. This study provides valuable theoretical insights for optimizing 2D electronic diode devices, offering avenues for precise control of the rectification effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Matsuura Y. Coherent spin transport in a copper protein. J Mol Model 2024; 30:218. [PMID: 38890154 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The coherent electron/spin transport in azurin, a species of copper protein, was calculated based on the Landauer model. The research is motivated by the fast electron transport and spin selectivity/polarization in azurin, which have been reported in relation to the chiral-induced spin selectivity of the peptide structure. The calculated spin polarization of copper proteins was large. This phenomenon was strongly influenced by the spin density of the atoms in the ligand group, whereas the contribution of copper was negligible. The results suggest that spin polarization in copper proteins is enhanced by that of the ligand groups. The predicted spin polarization aligns primarily with the scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction technique to study the electronic properties of single-molecule junctions. METHODS Computational techniques employed in this study are nonequilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) and density functional theory (DFT) based on the Landauer model, implemented using the QuantumATK software (Synopsys Inc.). The Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional was adopted for spin-polarized generalized gradient approximation (SGGA). The valence atomic orbitals were constructed using the wavefunctions of the SIESTA package, which was based on the norm-conserving Troullier-Martins relativistic pseudopotentials for describing core electrons. The mesh used for real-space integration was 150 Ha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihito Matsuura
- Department of Technology, National Institute of Technology, Nara College, Yatacho 22, Yamato-koriyama, Nara, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Balaji MV, Chandiramouli R, Nagarajan V. Diethylbenzene and ethyltoluene adsorption studies on novel beta antimonide phosphorus nanosheets-a first-principle study. J Mol Model 2024; 30:212. [PMID: 38884689 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT In the present work, we examined the sensing behavior of monolayer beta antimonide phosphorus (β-SbP) sheets towards toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) namely, 1,2-diethylbenzene and 2-ethyltoluene using density functional theory (DFT) method. At first, using cohesive energy structural stability of the monolayer β-SbP is confirmed. The calculated energy band gap value of monolayer β-SbP is 2.168 eV, which is a semiconductor. Furthermore, the adsorption properties of 1,2-diethylbenzene and 2-ethyltoluene on β-SbP are studied through key factors, such as adsorption energy, Mulliken charge transfer, and relative band gap variation. The adsorption energy clearly shows (- 0.335 to - 0.903 eV) that both 1,2-diethylbenzene and 2-ethyltoluene are physisorbed on β-SbP monolayer. Besides, Mulliken charge transfer falls in the range of - 0.465 to 0.933 e; this information clearly shows that the β-SbP monolayer is a potential candidate for sensing 1,2-diethylbenzene and 2-ethyltoluene molecules. METHODS The structural firmness including electronic and adsorption properties of 1,2-diethylbenzene and 2-ethyltoluene on β-SbP monolayer are investigated with the support of the DFT method. Particularly, the hybrid generalized gradient approximation (hybrid GGA) along with Beck's three-parameter + Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) exchange-correlation functional is utilized for relaxing the β-SbP monolayer. In the present work, all calculations are performed using the Quantum Atomistic Tool Kit (ATK) simulation package. In the present work, we utilized β-SbP monolayer as a chief sensing element to detect 1,2-diethylbenzene and 2-ethyltoluene to safeguard humans from toxic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Vijay Balaji
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur -613 401, Tirumalaisamudram, India
| | - R Chandiramouli
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur -613 401, Tirumalaisamudram, India
| | - V Nagarajan
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur -613 401, Tirumalaisamudram, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tatar D, Ullah H, Yadav M, Kojčinović J, Šarić S, Szenti I, Skalar T, Finšgar M, Tian M, Kukovecz Á, Kónya Z, Sápi A, Djerdj I. High-Entropy Oxides: A New Frontier in Photocatalytic CO 2 Hydrogenation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29946-29962. [PMID: 38821886 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we investigate the potential of nanostructured high-entropy oxides (HEOs) for photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation, a process with significant implications for environmental sustainability and energy production. Several cerium-oxide-based rare-earth HEOs with fluorite structures were prepared for UV-light driven photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation toward valuable fuels and petrochemical precursors. The cationic composition profoundly influences the selectivity and activity of the HEOs, where the Ce0.2Zr0.2La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2O2-δ catalyst showed outstanding CO2 activation (14.4 molCO kgcat-1 h-1 and 1.27 mol CH 3 OH kgcat-1 h-1) and high methanol and CO selectivity (7.84% CH3OH and 89.26% CO) under ambient conditions with 4 times better performance in comparison to pristine CeO2. Systematic tests showed the effect of a high-entropy system compared to midentropy oxides. XPS, in situ DRIFTS, as well as DFT calculation elucidate the synergistic impact of Ce, Zr, La, Nd, and Sm, resulting in an optimal Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio. The observed formate-routed mechanism and a surface with high affinity to CO2 reduction offer insights into the photocatalytic enhancement. While our findings lay a solid foundation, further research is needed to optimize these catalysts and expand their applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Tatar
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Habib Ullah
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohit Yadav
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla Sq. 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Jelena Kojčinović
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Stjepan Šarić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Imre Szenti
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla Sq. 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Tina Skalar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Street 17, Maribor SI-2000, Slovenia
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Ákos Kukovecz
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla Sq. 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla Sq. 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - András Sápi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla Sq. 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Igor Djerdj
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xue J, Tong J, Gao Z, Chen Z, Fang H, Wang S, Zhi T, Wang J. Monolayer graphene/GaN heterostructure photodetector with UV-IR dual-wavelength photoresponses. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2024; 17:17. [PMID: 38847978 PMCID: PMC11161448 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
An ultraviolet-infrared (UV-IR) dual-wavelength photodetector (PD) based on a monolayer (ML) graphene/GaN heterostructure has been successfully fabricated in this work. The ML graphene was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and subsequently transferred onto GaN substrate using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The morphological and optical properties of the as-prepared graphene and GaN were presented. The fabricated PD based on the graphene/GaN heterostructure exhibited excellent rectify behavior by measuring the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics under dark conditions, and the spectral response demonstrated that the device revealed an UV-IR dual-wavelength photoresponse. In addition, the energy band structure and absorption properties of the ML graphene/GaN heterostructure were theoretically investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) to explore the underlying physical mechanism of the two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) hybrid heterostructure PD device. This work paves the way for the development of innovative GaN-based dual-wavelength optoelectronic devices, offering a potential strategy for future applications in the field of advanced photodetection technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Xue
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiaming Tong
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhujun Gao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhouyu Chen
- Portland Institute, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haoyu Fang
- Portland Institute, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ting Zhi
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chernozatonskii LA, Kochaev AI. Bilayer C 60 Polymer/ h-BN Heterostructures: A DFT Study of Electronic and Optic Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1580. [PMID: 38891526 PMCID: PMC11175054 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Interest in fullerene-based polymer structures has renewed due to the development of synthesis technologies using thin C60 polymers. Fullerene networks are good semiconductors. In this paper, heterostructure complexes composed of C60 polymer networks on atomically thin dielectric substrates are modeled. Small tensile and compressive deformations make it possible to ensure appropriate placement of monolayer boron nitride with fullerene networks. The choice of a piezoelectric boron nitride substrate was dictated by interest in their applicability in mechanoelectric, photoelectronic, and electro-optical devices with the ability to control their properties. The results we obtained show that C60 polymer/h-BN heterostructures are stable compounds. The van der Waals interaction that arises between them affects their electronic and optical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A. Chernozatonskii
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygin Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific School on Chemistry and Technology of Polymer Materials, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey I. Kochaev
- Research and Education Center “Silicon and Carbon Nanotechnologies”, Ulyanovsk State University, 42 Leo Tolstoy Street, 432017 Ulyanovsk, Russia
- Laboratory of 2D Nanomaterials in Electronics, Photonics and Spintronics, National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, 31 Kashirskoe sh., 115409 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Khan K, Ikram M, Haider A, Ul-Hamid A, Ali G, Goumri-Said S, Kanoun MB, Yousaf SA, El-Rayyes A, Jeridi M. Experimental and computational approach of zirconium and chitosan doped NiCo 2O 4 nanorods served as dye degrader and bactericidal action. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132810. [PMID: 38825288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Different concentrations of zirconium with a fixed quantity (4 wt%) of chitosan (CS) doped nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) nanorods were synthesized using a co-precipitation approach. This cutting-edge research explores the cooperative effect of Zr-doped CS-NiCo2O4 to degrade the Eriochrome black T (EBT) and investigates potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Advanced characterization techniques were conducted to analyze structural textures, morphological analysis, and optical characteristics of synthesized materials. XRD pattern unveiled the spinal cubic structure of NiCo2O4, incorporating Zr and CS peak shifted to a lower 2θ value. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed the absorption range increased with CS and the same trend was observed upon Zr, showing a decrease in bandgap energy (Eg) from 2.55 to 2.4 eV. The optimal photocatalytic efficacy of doped NiCo2O4 within the basic medium was around 96.26 %, and bactericidal efficacy was examined against S. aureus, revealing a remarkable inhibition zone (5.95 mm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Khan
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, 66000 Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ghafar Ali
- Nanomaterials Research Group (NRG), Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Souraya Goumri-Said
- Physics Department, College of Science and General Studies, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Benali Kanoun
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Amber Yousaf
- Department of Physics, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ali El-Rayyes
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 1321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mouna Jeridi
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Manna D, Lo R, Vacek J, Miriyala VM, Bouř P, Wu T, Osifová Z, Nachtigallová D, Dračinský M, Hobza P. The Stability of Hydrogen-Bonded Ion-Pair Complex Unexpectedly Increases with Increasing Solvent Polarity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403218. [PMID: 38497312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The generally observed decrease of the electrostatic energy in the complex with increasing solvent polarity has led to the assumption that the stability of the complexes with ion-pair hydrogen bonds decreases with increasing solvent polarity. Besides, the smaller solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) of the complex in comparison with the isolated subsystems results in a smaller solvation energy of the latter, leading to a destabilization of the complex in the solvent compared to the gas phase. In our study, which combines Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Infrared Spectroscopy experiments, quantum chemical calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we question the general validity of this statement. We demonstrate that the binding free energy of the ion-pair hydrogen-bonded complex between 2-fluoropropionic acid and n-butylamine (CH3CHFCOO-…NH3But+) increases with increased solvent polarity. This phenomenon is rationalized by a substantial charge transfer between the subsystems that constitute the ion-pair hydrogen-bonded complex. This unexpected finding introduces a new perspective to our understanding of solvation dynamics, emphasizing the interplay between solvent polarity and molecular stability within hydrogen-bonded systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Manna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rabindranath Lo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vijay Madhav Miriyala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Osifová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračinský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Guo HY, Pei LQ, Cai ZY, Sun N, Zheng JF, Shao Y, Wang YH, Wu DY, Jin S, Zhou XS. Effects of Connectivity Isomerization on Electron Transport Through Thiophene Heterocyclic Molecular Junction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9717-9724. [PMID: 38712354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Connectivity isomerization of the same aromatic molecular core with different substitution positions profoundly affects electron transport pathways and single-molecule conductance. Herein, we designed and synthesized all connectivity isomers of a thiophene (TP) aromatic ring substituted by two dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene (BT) groups with ethynyl spacers (m,n-TP-BT, (m,n = 2,3; 2,4; 2,5; 3,4)), to systematically probe how connectivity contributes to single-molecule conductance. Single-molecule conductance measurements using a scanning tunneling microscopy break junction (STM-BJ) technique show ∼12-fold change in conductance values, which follow an order of 10-4.83 G0 (2,4-TP-BT) < 10-4.78 G0 (3,4-TP-BT) < 10-4.06 G0 (2,3-TP-BT) < 10-3.75 G0 (2,5-TP-BT). Electronic structure analysis and theoretical simulations show that the connectivity isomerization significantly changes electron delocalization and HOMO-LUMO energy gaps. Moreover, the connectivity-dependent molecular structures lead to different quantum interference (QI) effects in electron transport, e.g., a strong destructive QI near E = EF leads the smallest conductance value for 2,4-TP-BT. This work proves a clear relationship between the connectivity isomerization and single-molecule conductance of thiophene heterocyclic molecular junctions for the future design of molecular devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Lin-Qi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Zhuan-Yun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ju-Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ya-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cheng C, Sun X, Gui Q, Wu G, Shen W, Dong F, Liu Y, Robertson J, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Liu S. Theoretical Insight into the Band Alignment at High-κ Oxide XO 2/Diamond (X = Hf and Zr) Interfaces with a SiO 2 Interlayer for MOS Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38708910 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Diamond has become a promising candidate for high-power devices based on its ultrawide bandgap and excellent thermoelectric properties, where an appropriate gate dielectric has been a bottleneck hindering the development of diamond devices. Herein, we have systematically investigated the structural arrangement and electronic properties of diamond/high-κ oxide (HfO2, ZrO2) heterojunctions by first-principles calculations with a SiO2 interlayer. Charge analysis reveals that the C-Si bonding interface attracts a large amount of charge concentrated at the diamond interface, indicating the potential for the formation of a 2D hole gas (2DHG). The diamond/HfO2 and diamond/ZrO2 heterostructures exhibit similar "Type II" band alignments with VBOs of 2.47 and 2.21 eV, respectively, which is consistent with experimental predictions. The introduction of a SiO2 dielectric layer into the diamond/SiO2/high-κ stacks exhibits the typical "Type I″ straddling band offsets (BOs). In addition, the wide bandgap SiO2 interlayer keeps the valence band maximum (VBM) and conduction band minimum (CBM) in the stacks away from those of diamond, effectively confining the electrons and holes in MOS devices. This work exhibits the potential of SiO2/high-κ oxide gate dielectrics for diamond devices and provides theoretical insights into the rational design of high-quality gate dielectrics for diamond-based MOS device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmin Cheng
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qingzhong Gui
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gai Wu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Shen
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electronic Manufacturing and Packaging Integration, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fang Dong
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - John Robertson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZCambridge, U.K
| | - Zhaofu Zhang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electronic Manufacturing and Packaging Integration, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuzheng Guo
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huang X, Xiong R, Hao C, Beck P, Sa B, Wiebe J, Wiesendanger R. 2D Lateral Heterojunction Arrays with Tailored Interface Band Bending. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308007. [PMID: 38315969 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) lateral heterojunction arrays, characterized by well-defined electronic interfaces, hold significant promise for advancing next-generation electronic devices. Despite this potential, the efficient synthesis of high-density lateral heterojunctions with tunable interfacial band alignment remains a challenging. Here, a novel strategy is reported for the fabrication of lateral heterojunction arrays between monolayer Si2Te2 grown on Sb2Te3 (ML-Si2Te2@Sb2Te3) and one-quintuple-layer Sb2Te3 grown on monolayer Si2Te2 (1QL-Sb2Te3@ML-Si2Te2) on a p-doped Sb2Te3 substrate. The site-specific formation of numerous periodically arranged 2D ML-Si2Te2@Sb2Te3/1QL-Sb2Te3@ML-Si2Te2 lateral heterojunctions is realized solely through three epitaxial growth steps of thick-Sb2Te3, ML-Si2Te2, and 1QL-Sb2Te3 films, sequentially. More importantly, the precisely engineering of the interfacial band alignment is realized, by manipulating the substrate's p-doping effect with lateral spatial dependency, on each ML-Si2Te2@Sb2Te3/1QL-Sb2Te3@ML-Si2Te2 junction. Atomically sharp interfaces of the junctions with continuous lattices are observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements directly reveal the tailored type-II band bending at the interface. This reported strategy opens avenues for advancing lateral epitaxy technology, facilitating practical applications of 2D in-plane heterojunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, D-20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rui Xiong
- Multiscale Computational Materials Facility & Materials Genome Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Chunxue Hao
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, D-20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip Beck
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, D-20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Baisheng Sa
- Multiscale Computational Materials Facility & Materials Genome Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jens Wiebe
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, D-20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu L, Xu L, Lan J, Li Y, Li Q, Wang A, Guo Y, Ang YS, Quhe R, Lu J. Sub-5 nm Ultrathin In 2O 3 Transistors for High-Performance and Low-Power Electronic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38676632 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Ultrathin oxide semiconductors are promising candidates for back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible transistors and monolithic three-dimensional integration. Experimentally, ultrathin indium oxide (In2O3) field-effect transistors (FETs) with thicknesses down to 0.4 nm exhibit an extremely high drain current (104 μA/μm) and transconductance (4000 μS/μm). Here, we employ ab initio quantum transport simulation to investigate the performance limit of sub-5 nm gate length (Lg) ultrathin In2O3 FETs. Based on the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) criteria for high-performance (HP) devices, the scaling limit of ultrathin In2O3 FETs can reach 2 nm in terms of on-state current, delay time, and power dissipation. The wide bandgap nature of ultrathin In2O3 (3.0 eV) renders it a suitable candidate for ITRS low-power (LP) electronics with Lg down to 3 nm. Notably, both the HP and LP ultrathin In2O3 FETs exhibit superior energy-delay products as compared to those of other common 2D semiconductors such as monolayer MoS2 and MoTe2. These findings unveil the potential of ultrathin In2O3 in HP and LP nanoelectronic device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Lianqiang Xu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Nanostructure and Functional Materials, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Jun Lan
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yida Li
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aili Wang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang University─University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yee Sin Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Ruge Quhe
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226000, China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cao Z, Zhu L, Yao K. Low-Power Transistors with Ideal p-type Ohmic Contacts Based on VS 2/WSe 2 van der Waals Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19158-19166. [PMID: 38572998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Achieving low-resistance Ohmic contacts with a vanishing Schottky barrier is crucial for enhancing the performance of two-dimensional (2D) field-effect transistors (FETs). In this paper, we present a theoretical investigation of VS2/WSe2-vdWHs-FETs with a gate length (Lg) in the range of 1-5 nm, using ab initio quantum transport simulations. The results show that a very low hole Schottky barrier height (-0.01 eV) can be achieved with perfect band offsets and reduced metal-induced gap states (MIGS), indicating the formation of p-type Ohmic contacts. Additionally, these FETs also exhibit an impressive low subthreshold swing (SS) (69 mV/dec) and high Ion/Ioff (>107) with an appropriate underlap (UL) structure consisting of pristine WSe2. Furthermore, even when the Lg is scaled down to 3 nm, the device can still meet the low-power (LP) requirements of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) by controlling the UL. Consequently, this study provides valuable insights for the future development of LP 2D FETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zenglin Cao
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic field center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic field center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailun Yao
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic field center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mohebbi E, Pavoni E, Minnelli C, Galeazzi R, Mobbili G, Sabbatini S, Stipa P, Fakhrabadi MMS, Laudadio E. Adsorption of Polylactic-co-Glycolic Acid on Zinc Oxide Systems: A Computational Approach to Describe Surface Phenomena. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:687. [PMID: 38668181 PMCID: PMC11054994 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Zinc oxide and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (ZnO-PLGA) nanocomposites are known to exhibit different biomedical applications and antibacterial activity, which could be beneficial for adding to wound dressings after different surgeries. However, possible cytotoxic effects along with various unexpected activities could reduce the use of these prominent systems. This is correlated to the property of ZnO, which exhibits different polymeric forms, in particular, wurtzite, zinc-blende, and rocksalt. In this study, we propose a computational approach based on the density functional theory to investigate the properties of ZnO-PLGA systems in detail. First, three different stable polymorphs of ZnO were considered. Subsequently, the abilities of each system to absorb the PLGA copolymer were thoroughly investigated, taking into account the modulation of electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Significant differences between ZnO and PLGA systems have been found; in this study, we remark on the potential use of these models and the necessity to describe crucial surface aspects that might be challenging to observe with experimental approaches but which can modulate the performance of nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mohebbi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Eleonora Pavoni
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Cristina Minnelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (C.M.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (C.M.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanna Mobbili
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (C.M.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Simona Sabbatini
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Pierluigi Stipa
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Mir Masoud Seyyed Fakhrabadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 14155-6619, Iran;
| | - Emiliano Laudadio
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
He L, Lang S, Zhang W, Song S, Lyu J, Gong J. First-Principles Prediction of High and Low Resistance States in Ta/h-BN/Ta Atomristor. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:612. [PMID: 38607146 PMCID: PMC11013407 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have received significant attention for their potential use in next-generation electronics, particularly in nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic computing. This is due to their simple metal-insulator-metal (MIM) sandwiched structure, excellent switching performance, high-density capability, and low power consumption. In this work, using comprehensive material simulations and device modeling, the thinnest monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) atomristor is studied by using a MIM configuration with Ta electrodes. Our first-principles calculations predicted both a high resistance state (HRS) and a low resistance state (LRS) in this device. We observed that the presence of van der Waals (vdW) gaps between the Ta electrodes and monolayer h-BN with a boron vacancy (VB) contributes to the HRS. The combination of metal electrode contact and the adsorption of Ta atoms onto a single VB defect (TaB) can alter the interface barrier between the electrode and dielectric layer, as well as create band gap states within the band gap of monolayer h-BN. These band gap states can shorten the effective tunneling path for electron transport from the left electrode to the right electrode, resulting in an increase in the current transmission coefficient of the LRS. This resistive switching mechanism in monolayer h-BN atomristors can serve as a theoretical reference for device design and optimization, making them promising for the development of atomristor technology with ultra-high integration density and ultra-low power consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan He
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shuai Lang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juan Lyu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jian Gong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pelella A, Intonti K, Durante O, Kumar A, Viscardi L, De Stefano S, Romano P, Giubileo F, Neill H, Patil V, Ansari L, Roycroft B, Hurley PK, Gity F, Di Bartolomeo A. Multilayer WS 2 for low-power visible and near-infrared phototransistors. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:57. [PMID: 38528187 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Mechanically exfoliated multilayer WS2 flakes are used as the channel of field effect transistors for low-power photodetection in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral range. The electrical characterization as a function of the temperature reveals devices with n-type conduction and slightly different Schottky barriers at the drain and source contacts. The WS2 phototransistors can be operated in self-powered mode, yielding both a current and a voltage when exposed to light. The spectral photoresponse in the visible and the NIR ranges shows a high responsivity (4.5 μA/W) around 1250 nm, making the devices promising for telecommunication applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Pelella
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via De Sanctis 59/A, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Kimberly Intonti
- Department of Physics "E. R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ofelia Durante
- Department of Physics "E. R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Physics "E. R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Loredana Viscardi
- Department of Physics "E. R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Sebastiano De Stefano
- Department of Physics "E. R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paola Romano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via De Sanctis 59/A, 82100, Benevento, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Hazel Neill
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Vilas Patil
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Lida Ansari
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Brendan Roycroft
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Paul K Hurley
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Farzan Gity
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Antonio Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Physics "E. R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li P, Li D, Xu Y, Liang C, Zeng XC. Group III (In/Ga)-V (P/As)-VI (S/Se) Monolayers: A New Class of Auxetic Semiconductors with Highly Anisotropic Electronic/Optical/Mechanical/Thermal Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3043-3054. [PMID: 38466223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
We present a theoretical design of a class of 2D semiconducting materials, namely, group III (In/Ga)-V (P/As)-VI (S/Se) monolayers, whose global-minimum structures are predicted based on the particle swarm optimization method. Electronic structure calculations suggest that all group III-V-VI monolayers exhibit quasi-direct semiconducting characteristics with desirable band gaps ranging from 1.76 to 2.86 eV (HSE06 functional). Moreover, most group III-V-VI monolayers possess highly anisotropic carrier mobilities with large anisotropic ratios (3.4-6 for electrons, 2.2-25 for holes). G0W0+BSE calculations suggest that these monolayers show high optical anisotropy and relatively large exciton binding energies (0.33-0.75 eV), comparable to that (0.5 eV) of MoS2 monolayer. In particular, the GaPS monolayer manifests strikingly anisotropic I-V curves with a large ON/OFF ratio of ∼105 (106 for the GaPS bilayer) and anisotropic lattice thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the GaPS monolayer is predicted to exhibit both in-plane and out-of-plane negative Poisson ratios (NPRs) and prominent anisotropic Young moduli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Daqing Li
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang R, Tang A, Ma C, Lian C, Tian H, Li H. Suppressing the Conductance of Single-Molecule Junctions Fabricated by sp 2 C-H Bond Metalation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38497376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
High-conducting single-molecule junctions have attracted a great deal of attention, but insulating single-molecule junctions, which are critical in molecular circuits, have been less investigated due to the long-standing challenges. Herein, the in situ formation of a Au-C linker via electrical-potential-mediated sp2 C-H bond metalation of polyfluoroarenes with the assistance of scanning tunneling microscope-based break junction technique is reported. This metalation process is bias-dependent and occurs with an electropositive electrode, and the formed junction is highly oriented. Surprisingly, these polyfluoroarenes exhibit unexpected low conductance even under short molecular lengths and are superior molecular insulators. Flicker noise analysis and DFT calculations confirm that the insulating properties of polyfluoroarenes are ascribed to their multiple fluorine substituents. Our results pave a way for constructing oriented asymmetric molecular junctions and provide an efficient strategy to suppress the single-molecule conductance, which will aid in the design of molecular insulators and advance the development of self-integrating functional molecular circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zekai Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ajun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqi Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Lian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Long X, Xu W, Duan T, Lin L, Guo Y, Yan X, Cao J, Hu Y. Tuning charge transport by manipulating concentration dependent single-molecule absorption configurations. iScience 2024; 27:109292. [PMID: 38439976 PMCID: PMC10910293 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding and tuning charge transport in molecular junctions is pivotal for crafting molecular devices with tailored functionalities. Here, we report a novel approach to manipulate the absorption configuration within a 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-BPY) molecular junction, utilizing the scanning tunneling microscope break junction technique in a concentration-dependent manner. Single-molecule conductance measurements demonstrate that the molecular junctions exhibit a significant concentration dependence, with a transition from high conductance (HC) to low conductance (LC) states as the concentration decreases. Moreover, we identified an additional conductance state in the molecular junctions besides already known HC and LC states. Flicker noise analysis and theoretical calculations provided valuable insights into the underlying charge transport mechanisms and single-molecule absorption configurations concerning varying concentrations. These findings contribute to a fundamental comprehension of charge transport in concentration-dependent molecular junctions. Furthermore, they offer promising prospects for controlling single-molecule adsorption configurations, thereby paving the way for future molecular devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Long
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Wangping Xu
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Tingting Duan
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Liyan Lin
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Yandong Guo
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Juexian Cao
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hassan N, Nagaraja S, Saha S, Tarafder K, Ballav N. Excitonic cuprophilic interactions in one-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic crystals. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4075-4085. [PMID: 38487229 PMCID: PMC10935718 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06255d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The everlasting pursuit of hybrid organic-inorganic lead-free semiconductors has directed the focus towards eco-friendly copper-based systems, perhaps because of the diversity in chemistry, controlling the structure-property relationship. In this work, we report single crystals of a Cu(i) halide-based perovskite-like organic-inorganic hybrid, (TMA)Cu2Br3, (TMA = tetramethylammonium), consisting of unusual one-dimensional inorganic anionic chains of -(Cu2Br3)-, electrostatically stabilized by organic cations, and the Cu(i)-Cu(i) distance of 2.775 Å indicates the possibility of cuprophilic interactions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements further confirmed the presence of exclusive Cu(i) in (TMA)Cu2Br3 and electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory suggested a direct bandgap value of 2.50 eV. The crystal device demonstrated an impressive bulk photovoltaic effect due to the emergence of excitonic Cu(i)-Cu(i) interactions, as was clearly visualized in the charge-density plot as well as in the Raman spectroscopic analysis. The single crystals of a silver analogue, (TMA)Ag2Br3, have also been synthesized revealing a Ag(i)-Ag(i) distance of 3.048 Å (signature of an argentophilic interaction). Unlike (TMA)Cu2Br3, where more density of states from Cu compared to Br near the Fermi level was observed, (TMA)Ag2Br3 exhibited the opposite trend, possibly due to variation in the ionic potential influencing the overall bonding scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411 008 India
| | - Suneetha Nagaraja
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Mangalore 575 025 India
| | - Sauvik Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411 008 India
| | - Kartick Tarafder
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Mangalore 575 025 India
| | - Nirmalya Ballav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411 008 India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu Q, Feng N, Zou Y, Fan C, Wang J. Exploring the impact of stress on the electronic structure and optical properties of graphdiyne nanoribbons for advanced optoelectronic applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6051. [PMID: 38480809 PMCID: PMC10937923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY), a two-dimensional carbon material with sp- and sp2-hybridization, is recognized for its unique electronic properties and well-dispersed porosity. Its versatility has led to its use in a variety of applications. The precise control of this material's properties is paramount for its effective utilization in nano-optical devices. One effective method of regulation, which circumvents the need for additional disturbances, involves the application of external stress. This technique provides a direct means of eliciting changes in the electronic characteristics of the material. For instance, when subjected to uniaxial stress, electron transfer occurs at the triple bond. This results in an armchair-edged graphdiyne nanoribbon (A(3)-GDYNR) with a planar width of 2.07 nm, which exhibits a subtle plasmon effect at 500 nm. Conversely, a zigzag-edged graphdiyne nanoribbon (Z(3)-GDYNR) with a planar width of 2.86 nm demonstrates a pronounced plasmon effect within the 250-1200 nm range. This finding suggests that the zigzag nanoribbon surpasses the armchair nanoribbon in terms of its plasmon effect. First principles calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics further confirmed that under applied stress Z(3)-GDYNR exhibits less deformation than A(3)-GDYNR, indicating superior stability. This work provides the necessary theoretical basis for understanding graphene nanoribbons (GDYNRs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohan Liu
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, 113001, China
| | - Naixing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, and School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, 113001, China.
| | - Chuanqiang Fan
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, 113001, China.
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, 113001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Choi WI, Son WJ, Dronskowski R, Oh Y, Yang SY, Kwon U, Kim DS. Switchable Chemical-Bond Reorganization for the Stable Charge Trapping in Amorphous Silicon Nitride. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308054. [PMID: 37939362 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of charge-trap flash (CTF) memory, the atomistic mechanism behind the exceptionally stable charge storage at the localized trap sites is still controversial. Herein, by combining first-principles calculations and orbital interaction analysis, a charge-dependent switchable chemical-bond reorganization is elucidated as the underpinning chemistry in the working mechanism of CTF. Especially, positively charged fourfold-coordinated nitrogen (dubbed N+ center), unappreciated until now, is the decisive component of the entire process; once an electron occupies this site, the N+ center disappears by breaking one N─Si bond, simultaneously forming a new Si─Si bond with a nearby Si atom which, in turn, creates fivefold coordinated Si. As a result, the electron is stored in a multi-center orbital belonging to multiple atoms including the newly formed Si─Si bond. It is also observed that hole trapping accompanies the creation of an N+ center by forming a new N─Si bond, which represents the reverse process. To further support and validate this model by means of core-level calculations, it is also shown that an N+ center's 1s core level is 1.0-2.5 eV deeper in energy than those of the threefold coordinated N atoms, in harmony with experimental X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woon Ih Choi
- Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) Team, Innovation Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, 18448, South Korea
| | - Won-Joon Son
- Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) Team, Innovation Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, 18448, South Korea
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Youngtek Oh
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, 16678, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeul Yang
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, 16678, South Korea
| | - Uihui Kwon
- Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) Team, Innovation Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, 18448, South Korea
| | - Dae Sin Kim
- Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) Team, Innovation Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, 18448, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li D, Haldar S, Heinze S. Proposal for All-Electrical Skyrmion Detection in van der Waals Tunnel Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2496-2502. [PMID: 38350134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
A major challenge for magnetic skyrmions in atomically thin van der Waals (vdW) materials is reliable skyrmion detection. Here, based on rigorous first-principles calculations, we show that all-electrical skyrmion detection is feasible in two-dimensional vdW magnets via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and in planar tunnel junctions. We use the nonequilibrium Green's function method for quantum transport in planar junctions, including self-energy due to electrodes and working conditions, going beyond the standard Tersoff-Hamann approximation. We obtain a very large tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) around the Fermi energy for a graphite/Fe3GeTe2/germanene/graphite vdW tunnel junction. For atomic-scale skyrmions, the noncollinear magnetoresistance (NCMR) reaches giant values. We trace the origin of the NCMR to spin mixing between spin-up and -down states of pz and dz2 character at the surface atoms. Both TAMR and NCMR are drastically enhanced in tunnel junctions with respect to STM geometry due to orbital symmetry matching at the interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhe Li
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Soumyajyoti Haldar
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 15, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinze
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 15, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science (KiNSIS), University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mohebbi E, Pavoni E, Pierantoni L, Stipa P, Hemmetter A, Laudadio E, Mencarelli D. Towards graphene-based asymmetric diodes: a density functional tight-binding study. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1548-1555. [PMID: 38419871 PMCID: PMC10898435 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00603d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding (DFTB) calculations have been performed to investigate the electrical properties and transport behavior of asymmetric graphene devices (AGDs). Three different nanodevices constructed of different necks of 8 nm, 6 nm and 4 nm, named Graphene-N8, Graphene-N6 and Graphene-N4, respectively, have been proposed. All devices have been tested under two conditions of zero gate voltage and an applied gate voltage of +20 V using a dielectric medium of 3.9 epsilon interposed between the graphene and the metallic gate. As expected, the results of AGD diodes exhibited strong asymmetric I(V) characteristic curves in good agreement with the available experimental data. Our predictions implied that Graphene-N4 would achieve great asymmetry (A) of 1.40 at |VDS| = 0.2 V with maximum transmittance (T) of 6.72 in the energy range 1.30 eV. More importantly, while the A of Graphene-N4 was slightly changed by applying the gate voltage, Graphene-N6/Graphene-N8 showed a significant effect with their A increased from 1.20/1.03 under no gate voltage (NGV) to 1.30/1.16 under gate voltage (WGV) conditions. Our results open up unprecedented numerical prospects for designing tailored geometric diodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mohebbi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Marche Polytechnic University 60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Eleonora Pavoni
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Marche Polytechnic University 60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Luca Pierantoni
- Information Engineering Department, Marche Polytechnic University 60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Pierluigi Stipa
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Marche Polytechnic University 60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Andreas Hemmetter
- Advanced Microelectronic Center Aachen (AMICA), AMO GmbH 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Emiliano Laudadio
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Marche Polytechnic University 60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Davide Mencarelli
- Information Engineering Department, Marche Polytechnic University 60131 Ancona Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rai AK, Shah AA, Kumar J, Chattaraj S, Dar AB, Patbhaje U, Shrivastava M. MoS 2 Field-Effect Transistor Performance Enhancement by Contact Doping and Defect Passivation via Fluorine Ions and Its Cyclic Field-Assisted Activation. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6215-6228. [PMID: 38345911 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
MoS2-based field-effect transistors (FETs) and, in general, transition metal dichalcogenide channels are fundamentally limited by high contact resistance (RC) and intrinsic defects, which results in low drive current and lower carrier mobilities, respectively. This work addresses these issues using a technique based on CF4 plasma treatment in the contacts and further cyclic field-assisted drift and activation of the fluorine ions (F-), which get introduced into the contact region during the CF4 plasma treatment. The F- ions are activated using cyclic pulses applied across the source-drain (S/D) contacts, which leads to their migration to the contact edges via the channel. Further, using ab initio molecular dynamics and density functional theory simulations, these F- ions are found to bond at sulfur (S) vacancies, resulting in their passivation and n-type doping in the channel and near the S/D contacts. An increase in doping results in the narrowing of the Schottky barrier width and a reduction in RC by ∼90%. Additionally, the passivation of S vacancies in the channel enhances the mobility of the FET by ∼150%. The CF4 plasma treatment in contacts and further cyclic field-assisted activation of F- ions resulted in an ON-current (ION) improvement by ∼90% and ∼480% for exfoliated and CVD-grown MoS2, respectively. Moreover, this improvement in ION has been achieved without any deterioration in the ION/IOFF, which was found to be >7-8 orders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Rai
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Asif A Shah
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jeevesh Kumar
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sumana Chattaraj
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aadil Bashir Dar
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Utpreksh Patbhaje
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mayank Shrivastava
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mamindla R, Niranjan MK. Influence of temperature on bandgap shifts, optical properties and photovoltaic parameters of GaAs/AlAs and GaAs/AlSb p-nheterojunctions: insights from ab-initioDFT + NEGF studies. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:205504. [PMID: 38330463 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The III-V group semiconductors are highly promising absorbers for heterojunctions based solar cell devices due to their high conversion efficiency. In this work, we explore the solar cell properties and the role of electron-phonon coupling (EPC) on the solar cell parameters of GaAs/AlSb and GaAs/AlAsp-nheterojunctions using non-equilibrium Green function method (NEGF) in combination ofab-initiodensity functional theory (DFT). In addition, the band offsets at the heterointerfaces, optical absorption and bandgap shifts (BGSs) due to temperature are estimated using DFT + NEGF approach. The interface band gaps in heterostructures are found to be lower than bulk band gaps leading to a shift in optical absorption coefficient towards lower energy side that results in stronger photocurrent. The temperature dependent electronic BGS is significantly influenced by the phonon density and phonon energy via EPC. The phonon influenced BGS is found to change the optical absorption, photocurrent density and open-circuit voltage. In case of GaAs/AlSb junction, the interface phonons are found to have significantly higher energies as compared to the bulk phonons and thereby may have important implications for photovoltaic (PV) properties. Overall, the present study reveals the influence of EPC on the optical absorption and PV properties of GaAs/AlSb and GaAs/AlSbp-nheterojunctions. Furthermore, the study shows that the DFT + NEGF method can be successfully used to obtain the reasonable quantitative estimates of temperature dependent BGSs, optical absorption and PV properties ofp-nheterojunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Mamindla
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, TS 502285, India
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, TS 500090, India
| | - Manish K Niranjan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, TS 502285, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li E, Raju P, Zhao E. Design and Simulation of Tunneling Diodes with 2D Insulators for Rectenna Switches. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:953. [PMID: 38399202 PMCID: PMC10890327 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Rectenna is the key component in radio-frequency circuits for receiving and converting electromagnetic waves into direct current. However, it is very challenging for the conventional semiconductor diode switches to rectify high-frequency signals for 6G telecommunication (>100 GHz), medical detection (>THz), and rectenna solar cells (optical frequencies). Such a major challenge can be resolved by replacing the conventional semiconductor diodes with tunneling diodes as the rectenna switches. In this work, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunneling diodes based on 2D insulating materials were designed, and their performance was evaluated using a comprehensive simulation approach which includes a density-function theory simulation of 2D insulator materials, the modeling of the electrical characteristics of tunneling diodes, and circuit simulation for rectifiers. It is found that novel 2D insulators such as monolayer TiO2 can be obtained by oxidizing sulfur-metal layered materials. The MIM diodes based on such insulators exhibit fast tunneling and excellent current rectifying properties. Such tunneling diodes effectively convert the received high-frequency electromagnetic waves into direct current.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Li
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA 22312, USA;
| | - Parameswari Raju
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
| | - Erhai Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dey A, Azizimanesh A, Wu SM, Askari H. Uniaxial Strain-Induced Stacking Order Change in Trilayer Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8169-8183. [PMID: 38295436 PMCID: PMC10875650 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The layer stacking order in two-dimensional heterostructures, like graphene, affects their physical properties and potential applications. Trilayer graphene, specifically ABC-trilayer graphene, has captured significant interest due to its potential for correlated electronic states. However, achieving a stable ABC arrangement is challenging due to its lower thermodynamic stability compared to the more stable ABA stacking. Despite recent advancements in obtaining ABC graphene through external perturbations, such as strain, the stacking transition mechanism remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we unveil a universal mechanism to achieve ABC stacking, applicable for understanding ABA to ABC stacking changes induced by any mechanical perturbations. Our approach is based on a novel strain engineering technique that induces interlayer slippage and results in the formation of stable ABC domains. We investigate the underlying interfacial mechanisms of this stacking change through computational simulations and experiments. Our findings demonstrate a highly anisotropic and significant transformation of ABA stacking to large and stable ABC domains facilitated by interlayer slippage. Through atomistic simulations and local energy analysis, we systematically demonstrate the mechanism for this stacking transition, that is dependent on specific loading orientation. Understanding such a mechanism allows this material system to be engineered by design compatible with industrial techniques on a device-by-device level. We conduct Raman studies to validate and characterize the formed ABC stacking, highlighting its distinct features compared to the ABA region. Our results contribute to a clearer understanding of the stacking change mechanism and provide a robust and controllable method for achieving stable ABC domains, facilitating their use in developing advanced optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Dey
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Ahmad Azizimanesh
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0001, United States
| | - Stephen M. Wu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0001, United States
| | - Hesam Askari
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ngaloy R, Zhao B, Ershadrad S, Gupta R, Davoudiniya M, Bainsla L, Sjöström L, Hoque MA, Kalaboukhov A, Svedlindh P, Sanyal B, Dash SP. Strong In-Plane Magnetization and Spin Polarization in (Co 0.15Fe 0.85) 5GeTe 2/Graphene van der Waals Heterostructure Spin-Valve at Room Temperature. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38330915 PMCID: PMC10883121 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) magnets are promising, because of their tunable magnetic properties with doping or alloy composition, where the strength of magnetic interactions, their symmetry, and magnetic anisotropy can be tuned according to the desired application. However, so far, most of the vdW magnet-based spintronic devices have been limited to cryogenic temperatures with magnetic anisotropies favoring out-of-plane or canted orientation of the magnetization. Here, we report beyond room-temperature lateral spin-valve devices with strong in-plane magnetization and spin polarization of the vdW ferromagnet (Co0.15Fe0.85)5GeTe2 (CFGT) in heterostructures with graphene. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the magnitude of the anisotropy depends on the Co concentration and is caused by the substitution of Co in the outermost Fe layer. Magnetization measurements reveal the above room-temperature ferromagnetism in CFGT and clear remanence at room temperature. Heterostructures consisting of CFGT nanolayers and graphene were used to experimentally realize basic building blocks for spin valve devices, such as efficient spin injection and detection. Further analysis of spin transport and Hanle spin precession measurements reveals a strong in-plane magnetization with negative spin polarization at the interface with graphene, which is supported by the calculated spin-polarized density of states of CFGT. The in-plane magnetization of CFGT at room temperature proves its usefulness in graphene lateral spin-valve devices, thus revealing its potential application in spintronic technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roselle Ngaloy
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Soheil Ershadrad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box-516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box-516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masoumeh Davoudiniya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box-516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lakhan Bainsla
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Roopnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Lars Sjöström
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Md Anamul Hoque
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alexei Kalaboukhov
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Svedlindh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Biplab Sanyal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box-516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Saroj Prasad Dash
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Graphene Center, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang X, Fan A, Shu Z, Ma W, Zhang X. Surface-enhanced Raman database of 24 metabolites: Stable measurement of spectra, extraction and analysis of the main features. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123587. [PMID: 37918093 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been used in Raman-based metabolomics to provide abundant molecular fingerprint information in situ with extremely high sensitivity, without damaging the sample. However, poor reproducibility, caused by the randomness of the adsorption sites, and the short-range effect of SERS have hindered the development of SERS in metabolomics, resulting in very few SERS reference databases for small-molecule metabolites. In this work, our previously proposed large laser spot-swift mapping SERS method was adopted for the measurement of 24 commercially available metabolite standards, to provide reproducible and reliable references for Raman-based metabolomics study. Among these 24 metabolites, 22 contained no Raman data in PubChem. Other than the SERS spectra data, we extracted and explained the molecular vibration information of these metabolites, and combined with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we provided a new possibility for the fast Raman recognition of small-molecule metabolites. Accordingly, a large laser spot-swift mapping SERS database of metabolites in human serum was initially established, which contained not only the original spectral data but also other detailed feature information regarding the Raman peaks. With continuous accumulation, this database could play a promising role in Raman-based metabolomics and other Raman-related research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Aoran Fan
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zixin Shu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weigang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li M, Wang XF. Metal (Ni, Pd, and Pt)-Doped BS Monolayers as a Gas Sensor upon Vented Gases in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A First-Principles Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38305214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of the vented gases emitted by the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is of great significance to the normal use of LIBs. We study systematically the adsorption and sensing performances of pristine and metal-doped BS monolayers to five typical gases (CO, CO2, CH4, C2H2, and C2H4) emitted from LIBs employing the first-principles method. The adsorption structure and energetics, charge transfer, band structure, density of states, sensitivity, and recovery time are simulated and analyzed. Outstanding sensing properties are predicted for the Ni-, Pd-, and Pt-doped BS monolayers, although their recently synthesized pristine counterpart shows little sensing potential for those gases. The magnitude of the adsorption energy increases from 0.249 eV to 2.32 eV (Ni-BS), 1.954 eV(Pd-BS), and 2.994 eV (Pt-BS) for the CO gas after doping. Besides, significant variation of band gap is observed after gas adsorption in doped BS nanosheets, which leads to huge theoretical values of the sensitivity. The sensitivity for CO, CO2, CH4, C2H2, and C2H4 on Pt-BS may reach up to 5.87 × 105, 1.57 × 106, 1.81 × 105, 8.33 × 104, and 8.18 × 103, respectively. In addition, the calculated recovery times indicate that the doped BS monolayers have strong selectivity for the adsorption and detection of these five gases. The three metal-doped BS monolayers should have great potential for application in sensors monitoring the gases emitted from LIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Institute of theoretical and applied physics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- Institute of theoretical and applied physics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Quhe R, Di Z, Zhang J, Sun Y, Zhang L, Guo Y, Wang S, Zhou P. Asymmetric conducting route and potential redistribution determine the polarization-dependent conductivity in layered ferroelectrics. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:173-180. [PMID: 38036659 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the conductivity of layered ferroelectric semiconductors is required to make these materials suitable for advanced transistor, memory and logic circuits. Although proof-of-principle devices based on layered ferroelectrics have been demonstrated, it remains unclear how the polarization inversion induces conductivity changes. Therefore, function design and performance optimization remain cumbersome. Here we combine ab initio calculations with transport experiments to unveil the mechanism underlying the polarization-dependent conductivity in ferroelectric channel field-effect transistors. We find that the built-in electric field gives rise to an asymmetric conducting route formed by the hidden Stark effect and competes with the potential redistribution caused by the external field of the gate. Furthermore, leveraging our mechanistic findings, we control the conductivity threshold in α-In2Se3 ferroelectric channel field-effect transistors. We demonstrate logic-in-memory functionality through the implementation of electrically self-switchable primary (AND, OR) and composite (XOR, NOR, NAND) logic gates. Our work provides mechanistic insights into conductivity modulation in a broad class of layered ferroelectrics, providing foundations for their application in logic and memory electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruge Quhe
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Ziye Di
- Shanghai Key Lab for Future Computing Hardware and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lingxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, P. R. China
| | - Shuiyuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Future Computing Hardware and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Lab for Future Computing Hardware and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zou F, Cong Y, Song W, Liu H, Li Y, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Li Q. Interfacial Properties of Anisotropic Monolayer SiAs Transistors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:238. [PMID: 38334509 PMCID: PMC10856446 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The newly prepared monolayer (ML) SiAs is expected to be a candidate channel material for next-generation nano-electronic devices in virtue of its proper bandgap, high carrier mobility, and anisotropic properties. The interfacial properties in ML SiAs field-effect transistors are comprehensively studied with electrodes (graphene, V2CO2, Au, Ag, and Cu) by using ab initio electronic structure calculations and quantum transport simulation. It is found that ML SiAs forms a weak van der Waals interaction with graphene and V2CO2, while it forms a strong interaction with bulk metals (Au, Ag, and Cu). Although ML SiAs has strong anisotropy, it is not reflected in the contact property. Based on the quantum transport simulation, ML SiAs forms n-type lateral Schottky contact with Au, Ag, and Cu electrodes with the Schottky barrier height (SBH) of 0.28 (0.27), 0.40 (0.47), and 0.45 (0.33) eV along the a (b) direction, respectively, while it forms p-type lateral Schottky contact with a graphene electrode with a SBH of 0.34 (0.28) eV. Fortunately, ML SiAs forms an ideal Ohmic contact with the V2CO2 electrode. This study not only gives a deep understanding of the interfacial properties of ML SiAs with electrodes but also provides a guide for the design of ML SiAs devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Zou
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Weiqi Song
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haosong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|