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Han B, Wang L, Wang X, Huang K, Shen Y, Wang Z, Jing T. Association between multipollutant exposure and thyroid hormones in elderly people: A cross-sectional study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118781. [PMID: 38552824 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals have been indicated to cause disruption of thyroid homeostasis in human populations. However, previous studies mostly focused on single group of chemicals. Herein, we investigate the independent and combined effects of multiple pollutants on thyroid homeostasis, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total and free thyroxine (tT4 and fT4) and total and free triiodothyronine (tT3 and fT3) in elderly people. These environmental pollutants (n = 144) are from ten categories, including phenols, parabens, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phthalate esters (PAEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), synthetic pyrethroids (SPs), herbicides, and metals. Few studies have evaluated the health risks of these 144 chemicals, especially their joint effects. In single-pollutant evaluations, multiple linear regression (MLR) models were used to estimate the independent associations between multiple exposures and thyroid biomarkers. In multi-pollutant evaluations, elastic net regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to estimate the combined associations. The MLR models showed that 41 chemicals were significantly related to THs levels. BKMR models revealed the most important chemical groups: metals for TSH, PAHs, SPs and PCBs for tT4, herbicides and SPs for tT3. This study will contribute to the understanding of multipollutant exposure and help prioritize specific chemical groups related to thyroid hormone disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Tao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Jiang YJ, Xiong YQ, Huang T, Xiao YX. Toenail and blood selenium mediated regulation of thyroid dysfunction through immune cells: a mediation Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1378969. [PMID: 38840695 PMCID: PMC11150534 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1378969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Specific nutrients found in food, such as minerals, antioxidants, and macronutrients, have a significant impact on immune function and human health. However, there is currently limited research exploring the relationship between specific nutrients, immune system function, and thyroid dysfunction commonly observed in autoimmune thyroid diseases, which manifest predominantly as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the connections between dietary traits and thyroid dysfunction, as well as the potential mediating role of immune cells, using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods The two-step MR analysis used single-nucleotide polymorphisms as instruments, with a threshold of p < 5e-08 for nutrients and thyroid dysfunction, and p < 5e-06 for immune cells. Data from different GWAS databases and UK Biobank were combined to analyze 8 antioxidants and 7 minerals, while the data for 4 macronutrients came from a cohort of 235,000 individuals of European. The outcome data (hypothyroidism, N = 3340; hyperthyroidism, N = 1840; free thyroxin [FT4], N = 49,269; thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], N = 54,288) were source from the ThyroidOmics consortium. Immune trait data, including 731 immune phenotypes, were collected from the GWAS catalog. Results The results revealed that nutrient changes, such as lycopene, toenail and blood selenium, and α-tocopherol, impacted the immune system. Immune cells also affected thyroid function, with cDC cells promoting hypothyroidism and median fluorescence intensity (MFI) phenotypes correlating strongly with FT4 levels. Toenail and blood selenium reduce the relative cell counts (RCC) phenotypes of immune cells (CD62L- plasmacytoid DC %DC and transitional B cells %Lymphocyte), thereby diminishing its promoting effect on hypothyroidis. Furthermore, toenail and blood selenium mainly impacted phenotypes in three types of T cells (CD25 + + CD8br, CD3 on CD45RA- CD4+, and CD45RA on Terminally Differentiated CD8br), reinforcing the negative regulation of FT4 levels. Conclusion The role of immune cells as mediators in the relationship between nutrients and thyroid dysfunction highlights their potential as diagnostic or therapeutic markers. Toenail and blood selenium levels can indirectly impact hypothyroidism by influencing the RCC levels of two types of immune cells, and can indirectly affect FT4 levels by influencing three types of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-xiao Xiao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Garofalo V, Condorelli RA, Cannarella R, Aversa A, Calogero AE, La Vignera S. Relationship between Iron Deficiency and Thyroid Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4790. [PMID: 38004184 PMCID: PMC10675576 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide. Low levels of serum ferritin (SF) could affect the thyroid gland and its functioning. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the main currently available evidence and analyze data on the relationship between ID and thyroid function. Methods: This study included all articles evaluating the relationship between ID and thyroid function. Quality assessment was performed using Cambridge Quality Checklists. The search strategy included the following combination of Medical Subjects Headings terms and keywords: "iron deficiency", "thyroid function", "thyroid disease", "thyroid dysfunction", and "hypothyroidism". A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate whether thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels differed between patients with ID and healthy controls without ID. For statistical comparison between cases and controls, the mean difference (MD) was calculated, and a subgroup analysis of pregnant and non-pregnant women was performed. Cochran's Q testing and heterogeneity indices (I2) were used to assess statistical heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias analyses were also performed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, a meta-regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between serum TSH or FT4 levels and SF in the study population. Results: Ten cross-sectional studies were identified and reviewed. Patients with ID showed TSH (MD: -0.24 mIU/L; 95% CI -0.41, -0.07; I2 = 100%, p = 0.005), FT4 (MD: -1.18 pmol/L; 95% CI -1.43, -0.94; I2 = 99%, p < 0.000001), and FT3 (MD: -0.22 pmol/L; 95% CI -0.32, -0.12; I2 = 99%, p < 0.00001) levels that were significantly lower. Subgroup analysis confirmed significantly lower TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels in pregnant women. Non-pregnant women showed significantly lower serum FT4 and FT3 levels but no difference in TSH values. Meta-regression analysis showed that serum TSH and FT4 levels were positively correlated with SF levels. Our systematic review of the literature found that ID significantly increases the prevalence of thyroid autoantibody (anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies) positivity both individually and collectively. Conclusion: Studies currently published in the literature indicate a possible relationship between ID, thyroid function, and autoimmunity, especially in some patient groups. Data analysis shows that thyroid hormone levels are lower in patients with ID and, in particular, in pregnant women. Further studies are needed to understand the role played by iron in thyroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Garofalo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.G.); (R.C.); (A.E.C.); (S.L.V.)
| | - Rosita A. Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.G.); (R.C.); (A.E.C.); (S.L.V.)
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.G.); (R.C.); (A.E.C.); (S.L.V.)
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.G.); (R.C.); (A.E.C.); (S.L.V.)
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.G.); (R.C.); (A.E.C.); (S.L.V.)
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Lu L, Huang Z, Wang X, Chen J. Interaction Between Dietary Selenium and Zinc Intakes on Hypothyroidism. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4667-4676. [PMID: 36749549 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the independent association of dietary selenium and zinc intakes with the risk of hypothyroidism and interaction effect between dietary selenium and zinc intakes with the risk of hypothyroidism in Americans. The data of this cross-sectional study was from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012. The outcome was defined as new-onset hypothyroidism. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression and the subgroup analyses based on gender and body mass index (BMI) were conducted to evaluate the association between the dietary selenium and zinc intakes and new-onset hypothyroidism. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A total of 6402 participants were included with 131 (2.05%) developed a hypothyroidism in this study. Compared with participants with high zinc intake, those with low zinc intake had a higher risk of new-onset hypothyroidism (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.05-2.90). Moreover, we also found a significant interaction between dietary selenium level intake and dietary zinc level intake on new-onset hypothyroidism risk (OR = 5.99, 95% CI: 1.77-20.23). There was an interaction between dietary selenium and zinc intakes on the risk of new-onset hypothyroidism, especially the significant effect for adults with women or overweight. The findings indicated that improving the levels of dietary zinc and selenium intake may be beneficial in preventing of new-onset hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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Xie L, Zhao H, Chen W. Relationship between gut microbiota and thyroid function: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1240752. [PMID: 37822602 PMCID: PMC10562735 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1240752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous observational studies have indicated a link between the composition of gut microbiota and thyroid function. Nevertheless, the precise causal relationship between gut microbiota and thyroid function remains uncertain. Methods In this two-sample Mendelian randomization study, we utilized summary data from a genome-wide association study of gut microbiota composition in 18,340 participants from 24 cohorts, as well as summary statistics on thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone from the ThyroidOmics Consortium and summary statistics on hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism from the FinnGen R8 release. Five different methods, including inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode, were employed to examine the causal relationship between gut microbiota and thyroid function. Reverse Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted for taxa identified as having a causal relationship with thyroid function in the Mendelian randomization analysis. To assess the robustness of the results, sensitivity analyses were conducted employing Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out analysis. Results Through MR analysis of 211 microbial taxa and 4 phenotypes, we identified a total of 34 gut microbiota taxa that were associated with the outcomes. After using the bonferroni method for multiple testing correction, phylum Actinobacteria (id.400) had a protective effect on hypothyroidism (OR=0.883, 95% CI: 0.817-0.955, P=0.002), and class Deltaproteobacteria (id.3087) had a protective effect on hyperthyroidism (OR=0.549, 95% CI: 0.374-0.805, P=0.002). According to the results of reverse MR analysis, no significant causal effect of the four phenotypes was found on gut microbiota. No significant horizontal pleiotropy was detected based on MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO global test. Conclusion Through two-sample MR analysis, we identified specific gut microbiota taxa at the genetic level that are predicted to have a causal relationship with thyroid function, which may serve as useful biomarkers for early disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhuo Xie
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Huaye Zhao
- School of Tranditional Chinese, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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Anas M, Diniz WJS, Menezes ACB, Reynolds LP, Caton JS, Dahlen CR, Ward AK. Maternal Mineral Nutrition Regulates Fetal Genomic Programming in Cattle: A Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050593. [PMID: 37233634 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal mineral nutrition during the critical phases of fetal development may leave lifetime impacts on the productivity of an individual. Most research within the developmental origins of the health and disease (DOHaD) field is focused on the role of macronutrients in the genome function and programming of the developing fetus. On the other hand, there is a paucity of knowledge about the role of micronutrients and, specifically, minerals in regulating the epigenome of livestock species, especially cattle. Therefore, this review will address the effects of the maternal dietary mineral supply on the fetal developmental programming from the embryonic to the postnatal phases in cattle. To this end, we will draw a parallel between findings from our cattle model research with data from model animals, cell lines, and other livestock species. The coordinated role and function of different mineral elements in feto-maternal genomic regulation underlies the establishment of pregnancy and organogenesis and, ultimately, affects the development and functioning of metabolically important tissues, such as the fetal liver, skeletal muscle, and, importantly, the placenta. Through this review, we will delineate the key regulatory pathways involved in fetal programming based on the dietary maternal mineral supply and its crosstalk with epigenomic regulation in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Anas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 36849, USA
| | | | - Ana Clara B Menezes
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 36849, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 36849, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 36849, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
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Engel SM, Villanger GD, Herring A, Nethery RC, Drover S, Zoeller RT, Meltzer HM, Zeiner P, Knudsen GP, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Longnecker MP, Aase H. Gestational thyroid hormone concentrations and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023; 37:218-228. [PMID: 36482860 PMCID: PMC10038840 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal thyroid function plays an important role in foetal brain development; however, little consensus exists regarding the relationship between normal variability in thyroid hormones and common neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the association between mid-pregnancy maternal thyroid function and risk of clinically diagnosed ADHD in offspring. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Among children born 2003 or later, we randomly sampled singleton ADHD cases obtained through linkage with the Norwegian Patient Registry (n = 298) and 554 controls. Concentrations of maternal triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), T3-Uptake, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) were measured in maternal plasma, collected at approximately 17 weeks' gestation. Indices of free T4 (FT4i) and free T3 (FT3i) were calculated. We used multivariable adjusted logistic regression to calculate odds ratios and accounted for missing covariate data using multiple imputation. We used restricted cubic splines to assess non-linear trends and provide flexible representations. We examined effect measure modification by dietary iodine and selenium intake. In sensitivity analyses, we excluded women with clinically significant thyroid disorders (n = 73). RESULTS High maternal T3 was associated with increased risk of ADHD (5th vs 1st quintile odds ratio 2.27, 95% confidence interval 1.21, 4.26). For FT4i, both the lowest and highest quintiles were associated with an approximate 1.6-fold increase in risk of ADHD, with similar trends found for T4. The FT4i association was modified by dietary iodine intake such that the highest risk strata were confined to the low intake group. CONCLUSIONS Both high and low concentrations of maternal thyroid hormones, although within population reference ranges, increase the risk of ADHD in offspring. Increased susceptibility may be found among women with low dietary intake of iodine and selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Engel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | | | - Amy Herring
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Rachel C. Nethery
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Samantha Drover
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - R. Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo
| | | | - Heidi Aase
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Rua RM, Nogales F, Carreras O, Ojeda ML. Selenium, selenoproteins and cancer of the thyroid. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 76:127115. [PMID: 36481604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential mineral element with important biological functions for the whole body through incorporation into selenoproteins. This element is highly concentrated in the thyroid gland. Selenoproteins provide antioxidant protection for this tissue against the oxidative stress caused by free radicals and contribute, via iodothyronine deiodinases, to the metabolism of thyroid hormones. It is known that oxidative stress plays a major role in carcinogenesis and that in recent decades there has been an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer. The anti-carcinogenic action of selenium, although not fully understood, is mainly attributable to selenoproteins antioxidant properties, and to the ability to modulate cell proliferation (cell cycle and apoptosis), energy metabolism, and cellular immune response, significantly altered during tumorigenesis. Researchers have suggested that different forms of selenium supplementation may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of thyroid cancer; however, the studies have several methodological limitations. This review is a summary of the current knowledge on how selenium and selenoproteins related to thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Manuel Rua
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fátima Nogales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Olimpia Carreras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Lisco G, De Tullio A, Triggiani D, Zupo R, Giagulli VA, De Pergola G, Piazzolla G, Guastamacchia E, Sabbà C, Triggiani V. Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Prophylaxis: An Overview and Update. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041004. [PMID: 36839362 PMCID: PMC9967346 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland requires iodine to synthesize thyroid hormones, and iodine deficiency results in the inadequate production of thyroxine and related thyroid, metabolic, developmental, and reproductive disorders. Iodine requirements are higher in infants, children, and during pregnancy and lactation than in adult men and non-pregnant women. Iodine is available in a wide range of foods and water and is susceptible to almost complete gastric and duodenal absorption as an iodide ion. A healthy diet usually provides a daily iodine consumption not exceeding 50% of the recommended intake. Iodine supplementation is usually necessary to prevent iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), especially in endemic areas. The community-based strategy of iodine fortification in salt has eradicated IDDs, such as endemic goiter and cretinism, in countries providing adequate measures of iodine prophylaxis over several decades in the 20th century. Iodized salt is the cornerstone of iodine prophylaxis in endemic areas, and the continuous monitoring of community iodine intake and its related clinical outcomes is essential. Despite the relevant improvement in clinical outcomes, subclinical iodine deficiency persists even in Western Europe, especially among girls and women, being an issue in certain physiological conditions, such as pregnancy and lactation, and in people consuming unbalanced vegetable-based or salt-restricted diets. Detailed strategies to implement iodine intake (supplementation) could be considered for specific population groups when iodized salt alone is insufficient to provide adequate requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna De Tullio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zupo
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology, Saverio de Bellis, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology, Saverio de Bellis, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Piazzolla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Selenium, Iodine and Iron-Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043393. [PMID: 36834802 PMCID: PMC9967593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adequate availability and metabolism of three essential trace elements, iodine, selenium and iron, provide the basic requirements for the function and action of the thyroid hormone system in humans, vertebrate animals and their evolutionary precursors. Selenocysteine-containing proteins convey both cellular protection along with H2O2-dependent biosynthesis and the deiodinase-mediated (in-)activation of thyroid hormones, which is critical for their receptor-mediated mechanism of cellular action. Disbalances between the thyroidal content of these elements challenge the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid periphery axis, causing or facilitating common diseases related to disturbed thyroid hormone status such as autoimmune thyroid disease and metabolic disorders. Iodide is accumulated by the sodium-iodide-symporter NIS, and oxidized and incorporated into thyroglobulin by the hemoprotein thyroperoxidase, which requires local H2O2 as cofactor. The latter is generated by the dual oxidase system organized as 'thyroxisome' at the surface of the apical membrane facing the colloidal lumen of the thyroid follicles. Various selenoproteins expressed in thyrocytes defend the follicular structure and function against life-long exposure to H2O2 and reactive oxygen species derived therefrom. The pituitary hormone thyrotropin (TSH) stimulates all processes required for thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion and regulates thyrocyte growth, differentiation and function. Worldwide deficiencies of nutritional iodine, selenium and iron supply and the resulting endemic diseases are preventable with educational, societal and political measures.
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Köhrle J, Frädrich C. Deiodinases control local cellular and systemic thyroid hormone availability. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:59-79. [PMID: 36206932 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO) are a family of selenoproteins controlling systemic and local availability of the major thyroid hormone l-thyroxine (T4), a prohormone secreted by the thyroid gland. T4 is activated to the active 3,3'-5-triiodothyronine (T3) by two 5'-deiodinases, DIO1 and DIO2. DIO3, a 5-deiodinase selenoenzyme inactivates both the prohormone T4 and its active form T3. DIOs show species-specific different patterns of temporo-spatial expression, regulation and function and exhibit different mechanisms of reaction and inhibitor sensitivities. The main regulators of DIO expression and function are the thyroid hormone status, several growth factors, cytokines and altered pathophysiological conditions. Selenium (Se) status has a modest impact on DIO expression and translation. DIOs rank high in the priority of selenium supply to various selenoproteins; thus, their function is impaired only during severe selenium deficiency. DIO variants, polymorphisms, SNPs and rare mutations have been identified. Development of DIO isozyme selective drugs is ongoing. A first X-ray structure has been reported for DIO3. This review focusses on the biochemical characteristics and reaction mechanisms, the relationships between DIO selenoproteins and their importance for local and systemic provision of the active hormone T3. Nutritional, pharmacological, and environmental factors and inhibitors, such as endocrine disruptors, impact DIO functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Köhrle
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) für Kardiovaskuläre-metabolische-renale Forschung in Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Caroline Frädrich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) für Kardiovaskuläre-metabolische-renale Forschung in Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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Szklarz M, Gontarz-Nowak K, Matuszewski W, Bandurska-Stankiewicz E. Can Iron Play a Crucial Role in Maintaining Cardiovascular Health in the 21st Century? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11990. [PMID: 36231287 PMCID: PMC9565681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century the heart is facing more and more challenges so it should be brave and iron to meet these challenges. We are living in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, population aging, prevalent obesity, diabetes and autoimmune diseases, environmental pollution, mass migrations and new potential pandemic threats. In our article we showed sophisticated and complex regulations of iron metabolism. We discussed the impact of iron metabolism on heart diseases, treatment of heart failure, diabetes and obesity. We faced the problems of constant stress, climate change, environmental pollution, migrations and epidemics and showed that iron is really essential for heart metabolism in the 21st century.
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Wang F, Sun N, Zeng H, Gao Y, Zhang N, Zhang W. Selenium Deficiency Leads to Inflammation, Autophagy, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Apoptosis and Contraction Abnormalities via Affecting Intestinal Flora in Intestinal Smooth Muscle of Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947655. [PMID: 35874733 PMCID: PMC9299101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient that plays a predominant role in various physiological processes in humans and animals. Long-term lack of Se will lead to many metabolic diseases. Studies have found that chronic Se deficiency can cause chronic diarrhea. The gut flora is closely related to the health of the body. Changes in environmental factors can cause changes in the intestinal flora. Our study found that Se deficiency can disrupt intestinal flora. Through 16s high-throughput sequencing analysis of small intestinal contents of mice, we found that compared with CSe group, the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Ileibacterium in the low selenium group was significantly increased, while Romboutsia abundance was significantly decreased. Histological analysis showed that compared with CSe group, the small intestine tissues of the LSe group had obvious pathological changes. We examined mRNA expression levels in the small intestine associated with inflammation, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, tight junctions, and smooth muscle contraction. The mRNA levels of NF-κB, IκB, p38, IL-1β, TNF-α, Beclin, ATG7, ATG5, LC3α, BaK, Pum, Caspase-3, RIP1, RIPK3, PERK, IRE1, elF2α, GRP78, CHOP2, ZO-1, ZO-2, Occludin, E-cadherin, CaM, MLC, MLCK, Rho, and RhoA in the LSe group were significantly increased. The mRNA levels of IL-10, p62 BcL-2 and BcL-w were significantly decreased in the LSe group compared with the CSe group. These results suggest that changes in the abundance of Lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, ileum, and Romboutsia may be associated with cellular inflammation, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, tight junction, and abnormal smooth muscle contraction. Intestinal flora may play an important role in chronic diarrhea caused by selenium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ni Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanqin Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Auxological and Endocrinological Features in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144041. [PMID: 35887806 PMCID: PMC9323690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations that lead to deficient or dysfunctional CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) proteins. Patients typically present malnutrition resulting from the malabsorption of fundamental nutrients and recurring lung infections, with a progressive worsening of the respiratory function. For these reasons, the clinical management of CF requires a multidisciplinary team. From an endocrinological point of view, patients often present major complications, such as diabetes, bone disease, thyroid disorders, delayed growth and puberty, hypogonadism and infertility, which negatively affect their quality of life and, in some cases, significantly reduce life expectancy. These complications can arise as a direct result of CFTR dysfunction and/or as a consequence of a deterioration in the function of the organs affected. The objective of this review is to analyze all the possible endocrinological complications that can occur in patients with CF by evaluating the most recent papers in the literature.
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Huang HB, Cheng PK, Siao CY, Lo YTC, Chou WC, Huang PC. Mediation effects of thyroid function in the associations between phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism in adults. Environ Health 2022; 21:61. [PMID: 35778735 PMCID: PMC9248169 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a group of industrial chemicals widely used in everyday products including cosmetics, food packaging and containers, plastics, and building materials. Previous studies have indicated that urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with metabolic effects including those on lipid metabolism, but the results are mixed. Furthermore, whether thyroid function mediates the association between phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism remains unclear. In the present study, we explored whether changes in thyroid function markers mediate the associations between phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism indicators in Taiwanese adults. The cross-sectional data were obtained from the Taiwan Environmental Survey for Toxicants conducted in 2013. Levels of 11 urinary phthalate metabolites, levels of 5 thyroid hormones, and 8 indicators of lipid metabolism were assessed in 222 Taiwanese adults. The relationships of urinary phthalate metabolite levels with serum thyroid hormone levels and lipid metabolism indicators were explored using multiple regression models. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the role of thyroid function in the association between phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism. The metabolite of di(- 2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHPm) exhibited a significant positive association with the lipid metabolite indicator of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; β = 0.059, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.009, 0.109) in adults, and the thyroid function indicator thyroxine (T4) had a significant negative association with the metabolite ∑DEHPm (β = - 0.059, 95% CI = - 0.101, - 0.016) and a significant negative association with HDL-C (β = - 0.284, 95% CI = - 0.440, - 0.128). The T4 indirect effect was 0.015 (95% CI = - 0.0087, 0.05), and the mediation effect was 32.2%. Our results support the assumption that exposure to phthalates influences the homeostasis of lipid metabolism by interfering with thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Bin Huang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Keng Cheng
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Siao
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting C Lo
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Gustin K, Vahter M, Barman M, Jacobsson B, Skröder H, Filipsson Nyström H, Sandin A, Sandberg AS, Wold AE, Kippler M. Assessment of Joint Impact of Iodine, Selenium, and Zinc Status on Women's Third-Trimester Plasma Thyroid Hormone Concentrations. J Nutr 2022; 152:1737-1746. [PMID: 35383840 PMCID: PMC9258587 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine is essential for synthesizing thyroid hormones, but other micronutrients are also required for optimal thyroid function. However, there is a lack of data on combined micronutrient status in relation to thyroid hormones in pregnancy. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the joint associations of iodine, selenium, and zinc status with plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in pregnancy. METHODS We included 531 pregnant women (aged 22-40 y) participating in a Swedish birth cohort who provided blood and spot urine samples in gestational weeks 27-33 (mean: 29). Associations of urinary iodine concentration (UIC), plasma selenium concentration, and plasma zinc concentration (measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) with plasma hormone concentrations [total and free thyroxine (tT4, fT4), total and free triiodothyronine (tT3, fT3), and TSH] were explored with Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR; n = 516; outliers excluded) and multivariable-adjusted linear regression (n = 531; splined for nonlinear associations). RESULTS Median (IQR) micronutrient concentrations were 112 μg/L (80-156 μg/L) for UIC, 67 μg/L (58-76 μg/L) for plasma selenium, and 973 μg/L (842-1127 μg/L) for plasma zinc; the former 2 median values were below recommended concentrations (150 μg/L and 70 μg/L, respectively). Mean ± SD TSH concentration was 1.7 ± 0.87 mIU/L, with 98% < 4 mIU/L. BKMR showed a positive trend of joint micronutrient concentrations in relation to TSH. Plasma zinc was most influential for all hormones but tT3, for which plasma selenium was most influential. In adjusted linear regression models, zinc was positively associated with tT4, tT3, and TSH, and <1200 μg/L also with fT4 and fT3. Selenium was inversely associated with fT3, and <85 μg/L with tT3. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women's plasma TSH concentrations in the early third trimester increased with increasing joint status of iodine, selenium, and zinc. Zinc and selenium were more influential than iodine for the hormone concentrations. Multiple micronutrients need consideration in future studies of thyroid hormone status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Gustin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Barman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Skröder
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Filipsson Nyström
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Endocrinology, Specialized Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Wallenberg's Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hopsital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Sandin
- Department of Clinical Science, Pediatrics, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes E Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Iodine deficiency disturbs the metabolic profile and elemental composition of human breast milk. Food Chem 2022; 371:131329. [PMID: 34808765 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human breast milk (HBM) has a beneficial impact on health programming, growth and neurodevelopment of newborns.Increase in iodine intake is recommended for pregnant women in order to produce enough thyroid hormones to meet foetal requirements.In this work, a combined analytical multiplatform based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled toquadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometryhas been appliedinthe first metabolomic study of HBM ofiodine-deficientwomen. In addition, the elemental composition of HBM has been determined by inductively coupled plasma triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Remarkably,31 metaboliteswith important biological roles(e.g. glycerophospholipids for neurodevelopment)were seentobe alteredin the HBM of iodine-deficient women. The main metabolic pathwaysalteredinclude lipid metabolism, amino acid cycle, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis.Additionally, the concentration of selenium, zinc and copperwere seento be significantlylowerin HBM of iodine-deficient women.
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Jiang W, Lu G, Gao D, Lv Z, Li D. The relationships between the gut microbiota and its metabolites with thyroid diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943408. [PMID: 36060978 PMCID: PMC9433865 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have provided a preliminary understanding of the thyroid-gut axis, indicating that intestinal microbiota and its metabolites may act directly or indirectly on the thyroid by influencing intestinal microelements uptake, iodothyronine conversion and storage, and immune regulation, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid disorders and clinical management strategies. However, the research on gut microbiota and thyroid has only presented the tip of the iceberg. More robust clinical data and basic experiments are still required to elucidate the specific relationships and mechanisms in the future. Here we will characterize the associations between the microbiota and thyroid diseases to evaluate their potential implications in the pathophysiology and open up scientific avenues for future precision studies of the thyroid-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ganghua Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Li, ; Zhongwei Lv,
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Li, ; Zhongwei Lv,
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Woldetsadik D, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Gebrezgabher S, Njenga M, Mendum R, Castillo-López R, Fernández-de Córdova ML, Hailu H, Evans CT, Madani N, Mafika TP, Fleming DEB. Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus) in a refugee context in East Africa: Kitchen gardening helps with mineral provision. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 4:32. [PMID: 34957376 PMCID: PMC8689287 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kitchen gardening is considered a way to reconnect with agriculture and complement the cereal-based relief food offered to refugees in East Africa. This work aimed at profiling mineral content of okra in four refugee camps and settlements located in Ethiopia and Uganda and its contribution to adequate intake (AIs) or recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for young children and pregnant and lactating women (PLW). The study also evaluated the applicability of portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) as compared with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for mineral profiling of okra powder samples. The contents of minerals (mg kg-1) from the ICP-MS readings were in the following ranges: K (14,385-33,294), Ca (2610-14,090), P (3178-13,248), Mg (3896-7986), Cu (3.81-19.3), Fe (75.7-1243), Zn (33-141) and Mn (23.1-261). Regardless of geographic origin, at low-end consumption probability (17 g day-1 for young children and 68 g day-1 for PLW), okra could contribute ˂ 15% (2.7-12.9%) AI for macro-minerals (K and Ca). In addition, the contributions to RDA values for Fe and Zn, elements of known public health interest, ranged from 4.5 to 34.7% for young children. Interestingly, regression lines revealed strong agreement between ICP-MS and PXRF readings for Mn and Zn, with R2 values > 0.91. This information is useful in support of nutrition-sensitive kitchen gardening programs through scaling culturally important crops in refugee settings. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42452-021-04898-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Woldetsadik
- Department of Soil and Water Resources Management, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Mary Njenga
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
- Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Mendum
- Office of International Programs, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA
| | - Roxana Castillo-López
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Maria L. Fernández-de Córdova
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Hillette Hailu
- Department of Soil and Water Resources Management, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Colby T. Evans
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB Canada
| | - Nelly Madani
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB Canada
| | - Tamlyn P. Mafika
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB Canada
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Sorrenti S, Baldini E, Pironi D, Lauro A, D’Orazi V, Tartaglia F, Tripodi D, Lori E, Gagliardi F, Praticò M, Illuminati G, D’Andrea V, Palumbo P, Ulisse S. Iodine: Its Role in Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Beyond. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124469. [PMID: 34960019 PMCID: PMC8709459 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review deals with the functional roles of iodine and its metabolism. The main biological function of iodine concerns its role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THs) by the thyroid gland. In addition, however, further biological roles of iodine have emerged. Precisely, due to its significant action as scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), iodine is thought to represent one of the oldest antioxidants in living organisms. Moreover, iodine oxidation to hypoiodite (IO−) has been shown to possess strong bactericidal as well as antiviral and antifungal activity. Finally, and importantly, iodine has been demonstrated to exert antineoplastic effects in human cancer cell lines. Thus, iodine, through the action of different tissue-specific peroxidases, may serve different evolutionarily conserved physiological functions that, beyond TH biosynthesis, encompass antioxidant activity and defense against pathogens and cancer progression.
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21
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Zhang J, Gu Y, Meng G, Zhang Q, Liu L, Wu H, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhang X, Wang X, Sun S, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. Association between dietary onion intake and subclinical hypothyroidism in adults: a population-based study from an iodine-replete area. Endocrine 2021; 74:616-624. [PMID: 34331679 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The protective effect of onion against thyroid hypofunction has been reported in animal studies. However, in humans, the association between onion consumption and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) are unclear. The study sought to explore the association between habitual onion intake and SCH among adult population from an iodine-replete area. METHODS A cross-sectional study (6515 men and 5290 women) was performed in Tianjin, China. Frequency of onion consumption was assessed using a valid self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. SCH was diagnosed with TSH > 4.78 mIU/L. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of onion intake with SCH. RESULTS The prevalence of SCH was 2.56% in men and 7.18% in women, respectively. In women, the fully adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)] of having SCH across increasing frequency of onion intake were 1.00 (reference) for <1 time/week, 0.99 (0.73, 1.34) for 1-3 times/week, 0.74 (0.53, 1.03) for 4-6 times/week, and 0.67 (0.47, 0.97) for ≥7 times/week (P for trend <0.01). However, we observed no significant association between onion intake and SCH in men. Stratified analyses suggested a potential effect modification by age: the odds ratios (95% CI) across extreme quartiles was 0.37 (0.17, 0.80) in <40 women and 1.11 (0.51, 2.47) in >60 women. CONCLUSIONS Frequent consumption of onion is inversely associated with SCH in adult women from an iodine-replete area. Further studies are needed to explore the casual relationship. TRIAL REGISTRATION WEBSITE: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000031137.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
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Jin Y, Coad J, Zhou SJ, Skeaff S, Ramilan T, Brough L. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in postpartum women with suboptimal iodine and selenium and adequate iron status. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 95:873-881. [PMID: 34008190 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postpartum women experience thyroid dysfunction at twice the prevalence of the general population. Adequate biosynthesis of thyroid hormones depends on three trace elements: iodine, selenium and iron. This study aimed to investigate thyroid dysfunction within a cohort of women at six months postpartum in relation to iodine, selenium and iron status. DESIGN This cross-sectional study was part of an observational longitudinal cohort Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation; data obtained at six months postpartum are reported. SUBJECTS Mother-infant pairs (n = 87) were recruited at three months postpartum and followed up at six months postpartum (n = 78). MEASUREMENTS Thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were measured. Urinary iodine concentration, breast milk iodine concentration, serum thyroglobulin, plasma selenium, serum ferritin and serum soluble transferrin receptors were determined. Nonparametric data were expressed as median (25th, 75th percentile). RESULTS Thyroid dysfunction was found in 18% of women, and 4% of women had iron deficiency. Median urinary iodine concentration was 85 (43, 134) µg/L, median breast milk iodine concentration was 59 (39, 109) µg/L, and median serum thyroglobulin at 11.4 (8.6, 18.6) µg/L, indicating iodine deficiency. Median plasma selenium concentration was 105.8 (95.6, 115.3) µg/L. Women with marginally lower plasma selenium concentration were 1.12% times more likely to have abnormal TSH concentrations (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction. Plasma selenium concentration was the only significant predictor of the likelihood that women had thyroid dysfunction within this cohort, who were iodine deficient and mostly had adequate iron status. Strategies are required to improve both iodine and selenium status to better support maternal thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- Nutrition Science, School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Shao J Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Faculty of Sciences & Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sheila Skeaff
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Thiagarajah Ramilan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Brough
- Nutrition Science, School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Savastano G, Del Negro V, Pompeo D, Sorrenti S, Galoppi P, Brunelli R, Piccioni MG. Thyroid Disease, Pregnancy, and Selenium Supplementation. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-021-00314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lossow K, Renko K, Schwarz M, Schomburg L, Schwerdtle T, Kipp AP. The Nutritional Supply of Iodine and Selenium Affects Thyroid Hormone Axis Related Endpoints in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113773. [PMID: 34836027 PMCID: PMC8625755 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium and iodine are the two central trace elements for the homeostasis of thyroid hormones but additional trace elements such as iron, zinc, and copper are also involved. To compare the primary effects of inadequate intake of selenium and iodine on the thyroid gland, as well as the target organs of thyroid hormones such as liver and kidney, mice were subjected to an eight-week dietary intervention with low versus adequate selenium and iodine supply. Analysis of trace element levels in serum, liver, and kidney demonstrated a successful intervention. Markers of the selenium status were unaffected by the iodine supply. The thyroid gland was able to maintain serum thyroxine levels even under selenium-deficient conditions, despite reduced selenoprotein expression in liver and kidney, including deiodinase type 1. Thyroid hormone target genes responded to the altered selenium and iodine supply, whereas the iron, zinc, and copper homeostasis remained unaffected. There was a notable interaction between thyroid hormones and copper, which requires further clarification. Overall, the effects of an altered selenium and iodine supply were pronounced in thyroid hormone target tissues, but not in the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lossow
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (K.L.); (M.S.)
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, 07743 Jena, Germany; (L.S.); (T.S.)
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 12277 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Maria Schwarz
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (K.L.); (M.S.)
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, 07743 Jena, Germany; (L.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, 07743 Jena, Germany; (L.S.); (T.S.)
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-University Medical School Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, 07743 Jena, Germany; (L.S.); (T.S.)
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 12277 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anna Patricia Kipp
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (K.L.); (M.S.)
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, 07743 Jena, Germany; (L.S.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Guo C, Qian Y, Yan L, Li Z, Liu H, Li X, Wang Z, Zhu X, Wang Z, Wang J, Wei Y. The changes of essential trace elements in residents from an e-waste site and the relationships between elements and hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112513. [PMID: 34274839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metals pollution and related health issues were widely reported in e-waste sites, while the impacts of e-waste exposure on the essential trace elements have been neglected. The aim of this study was focused on the internal Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn levels in the residents from an e-waste site and the potential endocrine disrupting effects of these essential trace elements on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. This was a cross-sectional study that 87 subjects were recruited from the e-waste site and 81 from the reference site. The results indicated that the e-waste exposed group had significantly lower Fe, Mn level when compared with the reference group (p < 0.05). Cu and Zn were also lower in the exposed group but the differences were not statistically significant. The exposed group had significantly higher TSH level and Fe was significantly associated with TSH in the females (β (95% CI): - 1.892 (-3.309, -0.475), p = 0.009), rather than in males or all subjects. The exposed group also showed oxidative stress which was indicated by the increased concentrations of MDA and 8-iso-PG. It was further indicated the elevated MDA was mediated by the increase of TSH in the females but not directly related to Fe. In conclusion, the e-waste exposed group showed a decrease of essential trace elements, an increase of TSH and oxidative stress. The decreased Fe was related to the elevated TSH in the females, which further indirectly mediated the increase of oxidative stress. The results suggested that the internal exposure levels and the potential health effects of the essential trace elements in populations from e-waste sites should be of more concern. And the women might be more vulnerable and they need more protection to against the adverse health effects from e-waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Huijie Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ziye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Keestra S, Högqvist Tabor V, Alvergne A. Reinterpreting patterns of variation in human thyroid function: An evolutionary ecology perspective. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 9:93-112. [PMID: 34557302 PMCID: PMC8454515 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone reference intervals—used to determine normal thyroid
function —currently don’t take into account many significant
factors that can cause variation in thyroid hormone levels. These factors
include age, sex, ethnicity, season, time of day, iodine content in the diet,
socioeconomic status, stress levels, body composition, immune status, menstrual
cycle phase, and overall health status. This paper shows how early life
experiences as well as short term stressors may affect variation in thyroid
function. These are energetic challenges to which the thyroid physiology can
respond to. Our investigation shows that much variation in thyroid function is
natural. It may result from a complex interplay of evolutionary, genetic,
developmental, and physiological factors in response to energetic challenges in
the environment, beyond what is currently considered in biomedicine. A new
research agenda for thyroid health should explore the way that diversity in
thyroid function has evolved as a response to different contexts people live
in—like focusing on how people’s metabolisms adapt to the
energetic requirements of their environments. Two hundred million people worldwide experience some form of thyroid disorder,
with women being especially at risk. However, why human thyroid function varies
between populations, individuals, and across the lifespan has attracted little
research to date. This limits our ability to evaluate the conditions under which
patterns of variation in thyroid function are best understood as
‘normal’ or ‘pathological’. In this review, we
aim to spark interest in research aimed at understanding the causes of variation
in thyroid phenotypes. We start by assessing the biomedical literature on
thyroid imbalance to discuss the validity of existing reference intervals for
diagnosis and treatment across individuals and populations. We then propose an
evolutionary ecological framework for understanding the phylogenetic, genetic,
ecological, developmental, and physiological causes of normal variation in
thyroid function. We build on this approach to suggest testable predictions for
how environmental challenges interact with individual circumstances to influence
the onset of thyroid disorders. We propose that dietary changes, ecological
disruptions of co-evolutionary processes during pregnancy and with pathogens,
emerging infections, and exacerbated stress responses can contribute to
explaining the onset of thyroid diseases. For patients to receive the best
personalized care, research into the causes of thyroid variation at multiple
levels is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Keestra
- School of Anthropology & Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexandra Alvergne
- School of Anthropology & Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
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de Oliveira Campos R, de Jesus LM, Morais DA, de Sousa Júnior WT, de Oliveira Souza VC, Oliveira CA, Júnior FB, Macedo M, Hegedüs L, Ramos HE. Low urinary selenium levels are associated with iodine deficiency in Brazilian schoolchildren and adolescents. Endocrine 2021; 73:609-616. [PMID: 33719010 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) and iodine (Io) are important micronutrients for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, as they are crucial for the synthesis and activation of the thyroid hormones (TH) triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the Se and Io nutritional status among schoolchildren. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted in 982 schoolchildren aged 6-14 years from public schools in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, as well as urinary Se (USC) and Io concentrations (UIC) using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from filter paper blood collection, were evaluated. RESULTS The median USC and UIC were 38.7 and 210.0 (IQR: 26.8-52.9 and 129.3-334.1 μg/L, respectively). The prevalence of iodine deficiency and excessive UIC were observed in 17.1% and 30.9% of schoolchildren, respectively. Concomitant low USC and IoD was found in 3.9% of schoolchildren. There was a positive correlation between USC and UIC (r = 0.60; p = 0.00). The median TSH was 0.95 (IQR: 0.69-1.30 µUI/L). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that USC is a good biomarker for assessing Se status, meantime more studies are needed to establish cutoff USC in child population. Despite adequate median intake, a subgroup of schoolchildren had IoD and low USC. The correlation between UIC and USC point at the importance of two micronutrients, raising the question whether measuring Se should be included in monitoring programs that address the prevention of nutritional disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Oliveira Campos
- Health and Science Center, Federal University Reconcavo of Bahia, Santo Antonio de Jesus, BA, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Lorena Maia de Jesus
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Déborah Araújo Morais
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Essentiality of Metals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellington Tavares de Sousa Júnior
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Essentiality of Metals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Essentiality of Metals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Clotilde Assis Oliveira
- Health and Science Center, Federal University Reconcavo of Bahia, Santo Antonio de Jesus, BA, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa Júnior
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Essentiality of Metals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Macedo
- Federal University of Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Valleys, Teófilo Otoni, Brazil
| | - Laszlo Hegedüs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Röllin HB, Channa K, Olutola B, Odland JØ. Selenium Status, Its Interaction with Selected Essential and Toxic Elements, and a Possible Sex-Dependent Response In Utero, in a South African Birth Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168344. [PMID: 34444090 PMCID: PMC8392010 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element and its deficiency in utero may affect fetus development and birth outcomes. The current study aimed to assess serum Se status at delivery and examine the possible association between Se levels and birth outcomes. The interaction of Se with selected essential and toxic elements as well as possible sex-dependent responses in utero were also evaluated. The negative association between Se levels and head circumference of neonates was evident in the total cohort (β = −0.164; p < 0.001) as well as in the pre-term and full-term cohorts. Significant positive correlations were found between maternal serum Se concentrations and zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in the total and regional cohorts. In the total cohort, the toxic elements lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) showed a negative correlation with Se levels, while mercury (Hg), aluminum (Al) and cadmium (Cd) showed a positive correlation. The study found a sex-dependent response in utero for Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Al. The findings of the current study may inform reproductive health policy on Se status in South Africa and highlight the need for sensitive methods to measure Se intake during pregnancy and its complex interactions with other micronutrients and environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina B. Röllin
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (B.O.); (J.Ø.O.)
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-12-356-3261
| | - Kalavati Channa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lancet Laboratories, Johannesburg 2090, South Africa;
| | - Bukola Olutola
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (B.O.); (J.Ø.O.)
- School of Engineering, IT, Science and Health, Independent Institute of Education-Monash, Roodepoort 1724, South Africa
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (B.O.); (J.Ø.O.)
- Department of Community Medicine and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
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Harjantini U, Retno Dewi YL, Hanim D, Nurwati I. Correlation of dietary iron intake and serum iron with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in adult hyperthyroid patients. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:571-576. [PMID: 34214342 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES National Baseline Health Research 2013 showed that there were 706,757 (0.4%) hyperthyroid patients in Indonesia. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by abnormal thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) which causes low TSH and high FT4 levels. Hyperthyroid patients have a decrease of serum iron levels due to acute phase reactions of hyperthyroidism. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between dietary iron intake and serum iron with TSH and FT4 levels in adult hyperthyroid patients. METHODS This study was conducted in February-July 2020 at the Clinic of Magelang Health Research and Development Center. Sampling of this cross sectional study was based on inclusion criteria in order to obtain 50 adult hyperthyroid patients. Dietary iron intake was collected with 2 × 24 h dietary recall, serum iron was measured with colorimetric analysis, the levels of TSH and FT4 were measured by ELISA. The collected data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and multivariate linear regression with 95% confidence level. RESULTS Deficiencies of dietary iron intake was found in 20 hyperthyroid patients (40%). Low serum iron levels were found in 10 hyperthyroid patients (20%). Spearman correlation analysis showed that dietary iron intake had a negative correlation with TSH (r=-0.294; p<0.05) but did not correlate with FT4 (r=-0.142; p>0.05), while serum iron didn't associated with both TSH (r=0.110; p>0.05) and FT4 (r=0.142; p>0.05). Furthermore, regression analysis showed that dietary iron intake, serum iron, phytate, and thyrozol intake correlate with TSH levels (R square=0.193; p<0.05) and FT4 levels (R square=0.341; p<0.05), but there were no independent association between dietary iron intake and serum iron with TSH and FT4 levels (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Intake and serum of iron didn't correlate with TSH and FT4 levels in adult hyperthyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diffah Hanim
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ida Nurwati
- Medical Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
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Turan E, Turksoy VA. Selenium, Zinc, and Copper Status in Euthyroid Nodular Goiter: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:46. [PMID: 34211677 PMCID: PMC8223911 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_337_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is known that some elements are needed for normal thyroid gland functions. Iodine and selenium are the most well-known trace elements necessary for thyroid metabolism. Selenium is involved in the formation of thyroid hormones and the structure of the deiodinases associated with the development of the thyroid gland. While the role of zinc in thyroid metabolism is at the T3 receptor level, the role of copper is yet not clear. Objective: To compare the levels of serum trace elements such as selenium, zinc, and copper between the patients with euthyroid nodular goiter and healthy participants. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 98 patients with euthyroid multinodular goiter and 83 healthy subjects without thyroid disease. The demographics, thyroid hormone levels, and thyroid ultrasonography of the participants were recorded. Venous blood samples were centrifuged and sera samples were stored at -80°C until analysis of selenium, zinc, and copper levels. The levels of trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: While serum, zinc, and selenium levels were significantly higher in the control group than the nodular goiter group, the copper levels were similar in the two groups. Trace elements were not correlated with thyroid hormone levels and thyroid volumes. Patients in the nodular goiter group were analyzed according to their solitary and multiple nodule status. The solitary and multiple nodular goiter groups were similar in terms of copper, zinc, and selenium levels. Conclusions: Deficiency of selenium and zinc may be associated with nodular goiter. Replacement of these trace elements may be useful for the prevention of nodular goiter, especially in deficient regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Turan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Vugar Ali Turksoy
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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Celiac Disease and the Thyroid: Highlighting the Roles of Vitamin D and Iron. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061755. [PMID: 34064075 PMCID: PMC8224353 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD) frequently coexist, entailing numerous potential impacts on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Possible correlations might exist through gut microbiota, regulating the immune system and inflammatory responses, promoting autoimmune diseases, as well as shared cytokines in pathogenesis pathways, cross-reacting antibodies or malabsorption of micronutrients that are essential for the thyroid like iron or vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is a common finding in patients with AITD, but might protect from autoimmunity by wielding immunoregulatory and tolerogenic impacts. Additionally, vitamin D is assumed to be involved in the onset and progression of CD, presumably plays a substantial protective role for intestinal mucosa and affects the thyroid via its immunomodulatory effects. Iron is an essential micronutrient for the thyroid gland needed for effective iodine utilization by the iron-dependent enzyme thyroid iodine peroxidase (TPO). Despite being crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis, iron deficiency (ID) is a common finding in patients with hypothyroidism like HT and is frequently found in patients with CD. A literature research was conducted to examine the interplay between CD, AITD, vitamin D and iron deficiency. This narrative review highlights the relevant correlation of the two disease entities CD and AITD, their reciprocal impact and possible therapeutic options that should be further explored by future studies.
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Sletner L, Jenum AK, Qvigstad E, Hammerstad SS. Thyroid Function During Pregnancy in A Multiethnic Population in Norway. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab078. [PMID: 34159284 PMCID: PMC8212686 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Ethnic differences in thyroid function during pregnancy have been reported. However, it is unclear if this is equally valid across ethnic groups within multiethnic populations. Objective We aimed to assess ethnic differences in thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4), and the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy. Methods In a population-based cohort of 785 pregnant women in Oslo, Norway, TSH, FT4, and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO Abs) were measured twice: at gestational week (GW) 15 and 28, and urine iodine concentration at GW 15. Associations were assessed using multivariate linear regression. Results We found ethnic differences in TSH levels at both time points, but not for fT4. South Asians had 0.42 mU/L (95% CI, 0.20-0.64) higher TSH than Europeans in GW 15. This difference persisted after adjusting for covariates (including TPO Ab positivity and iodine status), and increased further as pregnancy progressed. In contrast, East Asians had the lowest TSH. No new cases of overt hypothyroidism were detected in early pregnancy, but subclinical hypothyroidism was found in 6.6% among all, highest in South Asians (14.2%). Hyperthyroidism early in pregnancy was observed in 3.7% (almost all subclinical), highest in East Asians (11.9%). The prevalence of TPO Ab positivity was 4%, highest in South Asians (8%). Conclusion In a multiethnic population of presumably healthy women, we found ethnic variations in TSH but not FT4 levels throughout pregnancy. South Asians had higher TSH and more subclinical hypothyroidism, not explained by their higher prevalence of TPO Ab positivity. Larger studies are needed to define ethnic- and trimester-specific reference ranges in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Sletner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, PB 1000, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Karen Jenum
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PB 1130 Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Qvigstad
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, PB 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara Salehi Hammerstad
- Department of Pediatric, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, PB 4950, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Specialist Center Pilestredet Park, Pilestredet Park 12.A 0176 Oslo, Norway
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Sheikhi-Mohammareh S, Shiri A, Mague J. Dimroth rearrangement-based synthesis of novel derivatives of [1,3]selenazolo[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine as a new class of selenium-containing heterocyclic architecture. Mol Divers 2021; 26:923-937. [PMID: 33721152 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
As a part of our ongoing endeavor towards developing novel heterocyclic architectures, a number of novel Se-containing tricyclic heterocycles of the type [1,3]selenazolo[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine have been synthesized through heteroannulation of a newly produced hydrazino derivative of selenazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine with either orthoesters or carbon disulfide in pyridine followed by S-alkylation. Moreover, the multistep protocol employed in this investigation provides a new insight into the Dimroth rearrangement in both acidic and basic media as a means for the cyclocondensation of triazole on the selenazolopyrimidine framework leading to selenazolotriazolopyrimidines. The synthesis of new derivatives of novel selenazolotriazolopyrimidines via Dimroth rearrangement in both acidic and basic media is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistryp, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Joel Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA
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McKay AKA, Pyne DB, Burke LM, Peeling P. Iron Metabolism: Interactions with Energy and Carbohydrate Availability. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3692. [PMID: 33265953 PMCID: PMC7761418 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The provision or restriction of select nutrients in an athlete's diet can elicit a variety of changes in fuel utilization, training adaptation, and performance outcomes. Furthermore, nutrient availability can also influence athlete health, with one key system of interest being iron metabolism. The aim of this review was to synthesize the current evidence examining the impact of dietary manipulations on the iron regulatory response to exercise. Specifically, we assessed the impact of both acute and chronic carbohydrate (CHO) restriction on iron metabolism, with relevance to contemporary sports nutrition approaches, including models of periodized CHO availability and ketogenic low CHO high fat diets. Additionally, we reviewed the current evidence linking poor iron status and altered hepcidin activity with low energy availability in athletes. A cohesive understanding of these interactions guides nutritional recommendations for athletes struggling to maintain healthy iron stores, and highlights future directions and knowledge gaps specific to elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alannah K. A. McKay
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - David B. Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia;
| | - Louise M. Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA 6010, Australia
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Li J, Dong T, Keerthisinghe TP, Chen H, Li M, Chu W, Yang J, Hu Z, Snyder SA, Dong W, Fang M. Long-term oxytetracycline exposure potentially alters brain thyroid hormone and serotonin homeostasis in zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123061. [PMID: 32485476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of oxytetracycline (OTC) exposure in water on the fish still remains unclear. We hypothesized OTC exposure could alter fish gut microbiome and affect thyroid hormone and serotonin homeostasis in the brain via "chemical-gut-brain" axis. Here, ∼2-month-old juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) was exposed to two concentrations of OTC (1 and 100 μg/L) for one month until adulthood. Thyroxine-associated gene analysis in the brain revealed that deiodinase 2 (DIO2), deiodinase 3 (DIO3), and thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRβ) expression was significantly decreased. Quantification of thyroid hormones showed a decrease in triiodothyronine (T3) under OTC treatment, which agrees with reduced activity of DIO2. For the serotonin (5-HT) synthesis, the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH2) was 41 % and 9.3 % of the control group for 1 and 100 μg/L OTC exposed groups; respectively. The intestinal 16S rRNA analysis revealed an increased abundance of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, while Actinobacteria was decreased significantly. The altered microbial balance between Proteobacteria and Firmicutes have been previously reported to affect nutrient uptakes such as zinc, which can potentially reduce the activity of DIO2. In summary, this study suggests that long-term OTC exposure not only alters gut microbiome but also changes thyroid hormone and serotonin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China
| | - Ting Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| | - Tharushi P Keerthisinghe
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Hao Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China
| | - Ming Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China
| | - Wenqing Chu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China
| | - Zongfu Hu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China
| | - Shane Allen Snyder
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000 China.
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
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Serum Selenium Status and Its Interrelationship with Serum Biomarkers of Thyroid Function and Antioxidant Defense in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111070. [PMID: 33142736 PMCID: PMC7692168 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), although the available evidence is limited. The present study aimed to explore the interrelationships between serum Se status with measures of thyroid function and antioxidant defense in new cases of HT patients with hypoechogenic thyroid. HT patients (n = 49) and matched controls (n = 50) were recruited. Selenium, thyroid hormone panel, thyroid volume (TVol), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase3 (GPx3) activity, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and urinary creatinine (Cr) were assessed. HT patients exhibited lower Se levels compared to controls (p < 0.001) with the rates of Se-deficient (<0.85 µmol/L) participants being 58.8% and 34%, respectively. Se-deficient patients exhibited higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Thyroid volume (TVol), thyroglobulin, antibody-titers, GPx3 activity and UIC/Cr compared to Se-sufficient patients (all p < 0.001). In the Se-deficient patients, inverse correlations were seen between Se-levels with TSH, TVol, and Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) (all p < 0.001). This study is the first to uncover that coexisting Se-deficiency and elevated iodine in HT may enhance autoimmune reactions and accelerate the deterioration of thyroid function through oxidative stress. Our study also highlights the importance of optimal Se status in this disease, thus providing a rationale for the execution of intervention trials for the evaluation of the clinical benefits of antioxidant-status improvement in HT.
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Jin Y, Coad J, Zhou SJ, Skeaff S, Benn C, Kim N, Pond RL, Brough L. Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation in New Zealand (MINI Project): Protocol for an Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e18560. [PMID: 32852279 PMCID: PMC7484772 DOI: 10.2196/18560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid dysfunction is associated with cognitive impairment, mood disturbance, and postnatal depression. Sufficient thyroid hormone synthesis requires adequate intake of iodine, selenium, and iron. Iodine deficiency was historically a problem for New Zealand, and initiatives were introduced to overcome the problem: (1) mandatory fortification of all bread (except organic) with iodized salt (2009) and (2) provision of subsidized iodine supplements for pregnant and breastfeeding women (2010). Subsequent to these initiatives, most adults and children have adequate iodine status; however, status among breastfeeding women and their infants remains unclear. This paper outlines the methodology of the Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation (MINI) study: an observational longitudinal cohort study of breastfeeding women and their infants. Objective This study will determine (1) women’s iodine intake and status among supplement users and nonusers; (2) women’s intake and status of iodine, selenium, and iron relating to thyroid function; (3) associations between women’s selenium status, thyroid function, and postnatal depression; (4) infants’ iodine and selenium status relating to first year neurodevelopment. Methods Breastfeeding women aged over 16 years with a healthy term singleton infant were recruited from Manawatu, New Zealand. Participants attended study visits 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Maternal questionnaires investigated supplement use before and after birth, iodine knowledge, and demographic information. Dietary assessment and urine, blood, and breast milk samples were taken to measure iodine, selenium, and iron intake/status. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used repeatedly to screen for postnatal depression. Thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroglobulin, antithyroglobulin antibodies, and antithyroid peroxidase) were measured in blood samples, and thyroid gland volume was measured by ultrasound at 6 months postpartum. Infant iodine and selenium concentrations were determined in urine. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire was used to assess infant development at 4, 8, and 12 months. Results Data collection was completed. Biological samples analysis, excluding nail clippings, is complete. Data analysis and presentation of the results will be available after 2020. Conclusions This study will provide data on the current iodine status of breastfeeding women. It will also provide a greater understanding of the three essential minerals required for optimal thyroid function among breastfeeding women. The prospective longitudinal design allows opportunities to examine women’s mental health and infant neurodevelopment throughout the first year, a crucial time for both mothers and their infants. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615001028594; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=369324 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18560
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Shao J Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sheila Skeaff
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cheryl Benn
- MidCentral District Health Board, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Kim
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachael L Pond
- Institute of Education, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Louise Brough
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Goldstein ER, Fukuda DH. Connecting Energy Availability and Iron Deficiency with Bone Health: Implications for the Female Athlete. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kaličanin D, Brčić L, Ljubetić K, Barić A, Gračan S, Brekalo M, Torlak Lovrić V, Kolčić I, Polašek O, Zemunik T, Punda A, Boraska Perica V. Differences in food consumption between patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and healthy individuals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10670. [PMID: 32606353 PMCID: PMC7327046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food is considered as important environmental factor that plays a role in development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The goal of our study was to identify food groups, assessed by food frequency questionnaire, that differ in consumption frequency between 491 patients with HT and 433 controls. We also analysed association of food groups with the wealth of HT-related clinical traits and symptoms. We found significantly increased consumption of animal fat (OR 1.55, p < 0.0001) and processed meat (OR 1.16, p = 0.0012) in HT cases, whereas controls consumed significantly more frequently red meat (OR 0.80, p < 0.0001), non-alcoholic beverages (OR 0.82, p < 0.0001), whole grains (OR 0.82, p < 0.0001) and plant oil (OR 0.87, p < 0.0001). We also observed association of plant oil consumption with increased triiodothyronine levels in HT patients (β = 0.07, p < 0.0001), and, association of olive oil consumption with decreased systolic blood pressure (β = − 0.16, p = 0.001) in HT patients on levothyroxine (LT4) therapy. Analysis of food consumption between HT patients with and without LT4 therapy suggest that patients do not tend to modify their diet upon HT diagnosis in our population. Our study may be of relevance to nutritionists, nutritional therapists and clinicians involved in developing dietary recommendations for HT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Kaličanin
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Luka Brčić
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Katija Ljubetić
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ana Barić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Sanda Gračan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Marko Brekalo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesela Torlak Lovrić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ante Punda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
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Hassan Zadeh M, Mohammadi Farsani G, Zamaninour N. Selenium Status after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Interventions and Recommendations. Obes Surg 2020; 29:3743-3748. [PMID: 31522331 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is an essential element that plays a vital role in maintaining human health and its deficiency can lead to cardiovascular and hypothyroidism complications. In this context, the main concern is about morbidly obese patients who undergo a Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Although RYGB leads to 60-70% excess weight loss, micronutrient deficiencies are common after this procedure and can be problematic if not promptly detected. This review will therefore examine the evidence regarding selenium deficiency in RYGB patients, as well its nutritional treatment methods. METHODS There were a total of 6 studies regarding RYGB and selenium deficiency, which were retrieved from PUBMED and SCOPUS electronic databases, ranging from 2006 to 2017. CONCLUSION Selenium deficiency was observed before and after RYGB. Lifelong supplementation and regular patient monitoring after surgery are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Hassan Zadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mohammadi Farsani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Zamaninour
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jin Y, Coad J, Pond R, Kim N, Brough L. Selenium intake and status of postpartum women and postnatal depression during the first year after childbirth in New Zealand - Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation (MINI) study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126503. [PMID: 32442890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) plays an important role in selenoproteins as an antioxidant, and is involved in thyroid function, mental health and child development. Selenium is low in the local food supplies in NZ. Low selenium intake has been reported in women of childbearing age and postmenopausal women, however, there is little research relating to breastfeeding women and their infants. PURPOSE The study investigates maternal and infant selenium intake and status during the first year postpartum, and possible relationships to postnatal depression and anxiety. BASIC PROCEDURES The Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation (MINI) study is an observational longitudinal cohort study. In total 87 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs were recruited and followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Maternal selenium intake was estimated from a four-day diet diary (4DDD). Selenium concentrations were measured in maternal spot urine, breastmilk and plasma; and infant spot urine samples. Postnatal depression was screened by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire. MAIN FINDINGS Median maternal selenium intake was 62 (50, 84) μg/day, with 56 % below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of 65 μg/day. At 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum, median maternal urinary selenium:creatinine ratios were 29.0 (22.4, 42.0), 29.5 (23.1, 28.4), and 30.9 (24.3, 35.3) μg/g; median infant urinary selenium concentrations (IUSC) were 8 (6,13), 11 (6, 15), and 24 (10, 40) μg/L; median breastmilk selenium concentrations (BMSC) were 13 (11, 14), 11 (9, 11) and 12 (11, 13) μg/L; 18 %, 11 % and 14 % of women reported probable minor depression based on the EPDS scores equal or above 10. Estimated median infant selenium intake at 3 and 6 months were 9 (8, 11) and 8 (7, 10) μg/day with 85 % and 93 % below the Adequate Intake of 12 μg/day. Median maternal plasma selenium was 105.8 μg/L at 6 months postpartum. Minor depression at three months postpartum was significantly different across tertiles of plasma selenium concentrations (p = 0.041). PRINCIPLE CONCLUSIONS Suboptimal selenium intake was observed among breastfeeding mothers and their infants in the MINI study. Potentially, some women had insufficient selenium status. Relation between selenium status and risk of postnatal depression and anxiety was inconclusive.Further research is required to explore effects on maternal thyroid function and infant neurodevelopment among women with inadequate selenium intake and status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- R J Hill Laboratories Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand; Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Nutrition Laboratory, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Jane Coad
- R J Hill Laboratories Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand; Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Nutrition Laboratory, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Nutrition Science, School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Rachael Pond
- R J Hill Laboratories Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand; Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Nutrition Laboratory, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Institute of Education, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Nick Kim
- R J Hill Laboratories Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand; Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Nutrition Laboratory, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Mt Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
| | - Louise Brough
- R J Hill Laboratories Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand; Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Nutrition Laboratory, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Nutrition Science, School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Aydemir D, Simsek G, Ulusu NN. Dataset of the analyzing trace elements and minerals via ICP-MS: Method validation for the mammalian tissue and serum samples. Data Brief 2020; 29:105218. [PMID: 32071990 PMCID: PMC7016227 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Minerals and trace elements play vital role in the biological functions for all organisms including human and other mammals. Therefore, imbalance in the mineral and/or trace element levels may cause formation of several diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry) is described as the most sensitive and accurate method. Here we reported an effective and fast protocol as method validation to evaluate trace element and minerals via ICP-MS in the mammalian tissue and serum samples. Our data showed that minimum relative standard deviation (RSD) values with the ICP-MS were observed when we used microwave digestion with the SUPRAPUR® grade nitric acid at the lower dilution rates. Our protocol validation may help researchers to measure trace elements and minerals in the mammalian samples fast, easily and accurately. EMSURE® grade HNO3 caused cross contamination in the serum and tissue samples. Our protocol validation may help researchers to measure trace elements and minerals in the mammalian samples fast, easily and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aydemir
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsu Simsek
- Koç University Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
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Erhabor O, Ogar K, Erhabor T, Dangana A. Some haematological parameters, copper and selenium level among children of African descent with sickle cell disease in Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. Hum Antibodies 2020; 27:143-154. [PMID: 30909199 DOI: 10.3233/hab-180360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder of haemoglobin causing myriad of pathology including anaemia. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate some haematological parameters and trace elements of total of forty-five (45) children with Sickle cell disease attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto. METHOD Twenty-five (25) apparently healthy children which were assessed as controls. The haematological parameters were determined using automated method and trace elements (copper and selenium) were determined using colorimetric and atomic absorption spectrophotometry method respectively. RESULTS The Mean WBC and PLT was significantly higher among sickle cell disease subjects when compared to controls individuals (p< 0.05). The Mean RBC, HCT, HGB, MCV, MCH and MCHC was significantly lower among Sickle cell disease patients when compared to controls (p< 0.05). The Mean Copper and Selenium value was significantly lower (40.4 ± 1.44 μg/dl and 54.6 ± 1.60 ng/ml) among Sickle cell disease subjects compared to controls (75.6 ± 1.30 μg/dl and 86.3 ± 2.30 ng/ml) (p< 0.05). The WBC, HGB, HGT and Copper values of Sickle cell disease subjects shows a weak positive put non-statistically significant correlation with age (p> 0.05). The RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, and Selenium values of sickle cell disease patients shows a negative non-statistically significant correlation indicating that the selenium level decreases as the age increases (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION This study shows that the WBC and platelet count was significantly higher among sickle cell disease subjects compared to controls. The RBC, HCT, HGB, MCV, MCH and MCHC were significantly lower among sickle cell disease patients compared to controls. The serum copper and selenium levels were significantly lower among sickle cell subjects compared to controls. We recommend that trace elements (copper and selenium) and haematological parameters be monitored routinely among sickle cell disease children to optimize the care offered to these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osaro Erhabor
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kevin Ogar
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Tosan Erhabor
- Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Amos Dangana
- Department of Haematology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
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Hotsko MJ, Serhiyenko VO, Bobrovych IV, Makarovska RJ, Serhiyenko OO. THE EXPERIENCE OF APPLICATION OF COMPLEX FITODRUG CONTAINING POTENTILLA ALBA L. IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS. ВІСНИК ПРОБЛЕМ БІОЛОГІЇ І МЕДИЦИНИ 2020. [DOI: 10.29254/2077-4214-2019-4-2-154-83-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Hotsko
- Danylo Halytskyi National Medical University (Lviv)
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Zhang L, Wu K, Bo T, Zhou L, Gao L, Zhou X, Chen W. Integrated microRNA and proteome analysis reveal a regulatory module in hepatic lipid metabolism disorders in mice with subclinical hypothyroidism. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:897-906. [PMID: 32010250 PMCID: PMC6966133 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is becoming a global health problem due to its increasing prevalence and potential adverse effects, including cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association between SCH and NAFLD remains controversial. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been reported to be implicated in lipid metabolism disorders; however, how miRNAs regulate hepatic lipid metabolism in SCH mice remains unknown. The present study investigated miRNA alterations and proteome profiles in an SCH mouse model, which was generated by methimazole administration in mice for 16 weeks. Next, the profiles of 17 miRNAs that are critical to hepatic lipid metabolism and the proteome were investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and iTRAQ labeling in the liver specimens of SCH (n=9) and control (n=7) mice. Putative target prediction of miRNAs was also conducted using TargetScan and miRanda. Compared with the control mice, SCH mice had 8 miRNAs and 36 proteins with significantly different expression in the liver tissues. Furthermore, a regulatory module containing 3 miRNAs (miR-34a-5p, miR-24-3p and miR-130a-3p) and 4 proteins (thioredoxin, selenium-binding protein 2, elongation factor 1β and prosaposin) was identified. Overall, integrated analysis of miRNAs and the proteome highlighted a regulatory module between miRNAs and proteins, which, to a certain extent, may contribute to a better understanding of hepatic lipid metabolism disorders in SCH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Kunpeng Wu
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Tao Bo
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Hernik A, Szczepanek-Parulska E, Filipowicz D, Abdolall A, Borowczyk M, Wrotkowska E, Czarnywojtek A, Krasiński Z, Ruchała M. The hepcidin concentration decreases in hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis following restoration of euthyroidism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16222. [PMID: 31700042 PMCID: PMC6838327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to measure the hepcidin concentration and evaluate Fe homeostasis indices in a prospective study on patients with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism in the course of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and following successful therapy. The prospective observational study consisted of 34 patients. The clinical evaluation and laboratory tests were performed at diagnosis (T0) and after restoration of euthyreosis 12 weeks later (T1). The median level of hepcidin was significantly lower (p = 0.002) after recovery (7.7 [6.2–13.0] ng/mL) than that before treatment (17.4 [7.6–20.4] ng/mL), while creatinine (p = 0.011) and GFR (p < 0.001) significantly improved after euthyroidism was achieved. A positive correlation was observed between hepcidin and fT3 (p = 0.033, r = 0.465) at T0. In the females, the level of hepcidin positively correlated with ferritin concentration before (p < 0.001, r = 0.928) and after treatment (p < 0.001, r = 0.835). A statistically significant difference was observed in RDW-CV (red blood cell distribution width - coefficient of variation) between the hypothyroid and euthyroid states. In conclusion, a decrease in hepcidin concentration during the transition from the hypothyroid state to euthyroidism in patients with HT is associated with the observed dynamics in iron homeostasis, mainly reflected by improvement in RDW-CV and significant correlations between ferritin and hepcidin as well as between hepcidin and fT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Hernik
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Dorota Filipowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ali Abdolall
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Borowczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wrotkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Czarnywojtek
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Krasiński
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Mulder TA, van den Dries MA, Korevaar TIM, Ferguson KK, Peeters RP, Tiemeier H. Organophosphate pesticides exposure in pregnant women and maternal and cord blood thyroid hormone concentrations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105124. [PMID: 31479957 PMCID: PMC6827719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies suggest that organophosphate (OP) pesticides exposure affects thyroid function, but evidence in humans remains sparse and inconclusive. Gestational exposure is of particular interest, since thyroid hormone is essential for fetal brain development. OP pesticides are able to cross the placental and blood-brain barrier and may interfere with fetal development processes regulated by thyroid hormone. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of gestational OP pesticides exposure during pregnancy with maternal and cord blood thyroid hormone concentrations. METHODS This study was embedded within Generation R (Rotterdam, the Netherlands), a prospective population-based birth cohort. Mother-child pairs with OP pesticides assessment and maternal (N = 715) or cord blood (N = 482) thyroid hormone measurements were included. OP pesticides exposure was assessed at <18, 18-25, and >25 weeks gestation by measuring six urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in maternal and cord blood. Maternal measures also included total thyroxine (TT4) and TPO antibodies (TPOAbs). To study the association of creatinine-adjusted DAP metabolite concentrations with thyroid function and TPO antibodies, multivariable linear regression models including relevant confounders were used. RESULTS There was no association of DAP metabolites with maternal TSH, FT4, TT4 or TPOAb concentrations during pregnancy. Similarly, there was no association of DAP metabolites with cord blood TSH or FT4. Results did not change when DAP concentrations were analyzed at individual time points or as mean gestational exposure. CONCLUSION Gestational OP pesticides exposure, as assessed by repeatedly measured urinary DAP metabolite concentrations in an urban population, was not associated with maternal or cord blood thyroid hormone concentrations. These findings do not support a mediating role for serum thyroid hormone availability in the relation of early life exposure to low levels of OP pesticides with child neurodevelopment. However, disruption of the thyroid system at tissue level cannot be excluded. In addition, this is one of the first studies on this subject and measurement error in DAP metabolites might have resulted in imprecise estimates. Future studies should use more urine samples to increase precision and should investigate specific OP pesticide metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa A Mulder
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel A van den Dries
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim I M Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
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48
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Gu Y, Chi VTQ, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Wu H, Bao X, Zhang S, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. Low-Normal Thyroid Function Predicts Incident Anemia in the General Population With Euthyroid Status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5693-5702. [PMID: 31361306 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid hormones (THs) have direct and indirect effects on hematopoiesis. However, few studies have directly evaluated the effect of THs on incident anemia among euthyroid subjects. This cohort study aimed to explore whether THs under physiological conditions can affect the development of anemia in the general population. DESIGN A total of 12,310 participants were enrolled in the cohort study (∼5-year follow-up period; mean, 3.1 years). A chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to measure free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), and TSH, and anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization recommendation. THs, TSH, and Hb were assessed yearly during follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between THs, TSH, and incident anemia. RESULTS The fully adjusted hazards ratios (95% CI) of anemia per 1-unit change in FT3, FT4, and TSH concentrations were 0.70 (0.56, 0.87), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), and 1.19 (0.94, 1.50) (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, and P = 0.14, respectively). Moreover, a significant and positive association between FT3, FT4, and annual changes in Hb (standard regression coefficients of 0.056 and 0.028, respectively; both P < 0.01) was observed. Similar associations were observed when the participants who had thyroid dysfunction upon follow-up were excluded. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that THs significantly predict future anemia and annual changes in Hb, even in the euthyroid population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Gu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Vu Thi Quynh Chi
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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Gebreegziabher T, Woltamo T, Thomas DG, Kennedy TS, Stoecker BJ. Iodine supplementation of lactating women and assessment of infant visual information processing and maternal and infant thyroid function: A randomized trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223348. [PMID: 31589645 PMCID: PMC6779247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine deficiency is one of the major causes of brain damage in childhood. However, iodine supplementation during early pregnancy and lactation can prevent the ill effects of iodine deficiency. This study evaluated maternal and infant thyroid function and infant visual information processing (VIP) in the context of maternal iodine supplementation. A community-based, randomized, supplementation trial was conducted. Mother infant dyads (n = 106) were enrolled within the first 10 days after delivery to participate in this study. Mothers were randomly assigned either to receive a potassium iodide capsule (225 μg iodine) daily for 26 weeks or iodized salt weekly for 26 weeks. Maternal thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), urinary iodine concentration (UIC), breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) and infant T4, TSH, UIC and VIP were measured as outcome variables. At baseline, neither mothers nor infants in the two groups were significantly different in any of the biomarkers or anthropometric measurements. Maternal TSH and goiter prevalence significantly decreased following iodine supplementation. The percentage of infants who preferentially remembered the familiar face was 26% in the capsule and 51% in the I-salt groups. Infant sex, length for age Z score, BMIC, maternal education and household food security were strong predictors of novelty quotient. In conclusion supplementation daily for six months with an iodine capsule or the use of appropriately iodized salt for an equivalent time was sufficient to reduce goiter and TSH in lactating women. Higher BMIC and LAZ as well as better household food security, maternal education, and male sex predicted higher novelty quotient scores in the VIP paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafere Gebreegziabher
- Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, United States of America
| | - Tesfaye Woltamo
- School of Environment, Gender, and Development Studies, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - David G. Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Tay S. Kennedy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Barbara J. Stoecker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
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Dai H, Wei S, Skuza L, Jia G. Selenium spiked in soil promoted zinc accumulation of Chinese cabbage and improved its antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:179-184. [PMID: 31082582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are necessary mineral nutrients for human body but millions of people have an inadequate intake of them, and eat food enriched with Se and Zn may minimize these problems. Chinese cabbage is an important food in people's daily life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of single Se, Zn and their combination treatment in soil on their accumulation, antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in roots and leaves of Chinese cabbage using soil pot culture experiment. When 0.5 mg kg-1 Se +30 mg kg-1 Zn and 1.0 mg kg-1 Se +30 mg kg-1 Zn were spiked in soils, Zn concentrations in roots and leaves of Chinese cabbage were significantly increased (p < 0.05) by 20.2%, 37.8% and 17.9%, 34.1% respectively compared to the treatment of 30 mg kg-1 Zn added, and the latter was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of former, indicating Se significantly promoted Zn accumulation. Almost all physiological indexes including POD, SOD, CAT, APX, GR, Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Carotenoids, MDA and Free proline in the treatments of Se or Zn spiked were significantly improved (p < 0.05) or basically unaffected compared to the control without Se or Zn added. The biomass change trends were similar with these indexes either. These results showed that the addition in soil of Se and Zn significantly increased their accumulation in Chinese cabbage without affected its formal growth. Particularly, the addition of Se promoted Zn accumulation. The conclusions were more important reference for the production practice of cash crop enriched of Se and Zn either.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Research on Biodiversity, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-415, Poland
| | - Genliang Jia
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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