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Torres-Velarde JM, Allen KN, Salvador-Pascual A, Leija RG, Luong D, Moreno-Santillán DD, Ensminger DC, Vázquez-Medina JP. Peroxiredoxin 6 suppresses ferroptosis in lung endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 218:82-93. [PMID: 38579937 PMCID: PMC11177496 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) repairs peroxidized membranes by reducing oxidized phospholipids, and by replacing oxidized sn-2 fatty acyl groups through hydrolysis/reacylation by its phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activities. Prdx6 is highly expressed in the lung, and intact lungs and cells null for Prdx6 or with single-point mutations that inactivate either Prdx6-peroxidase or aiPLA2 activity alone exhibit decreased viability, increased lipid peroxidation, and incomplete repair when exposed to paraquat, hyperoxia, or organic peroxides. Ferroptosis is form of cell death driven by the accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides. We studied the role of Prdx6 as a ferroptosis suppressor in the lung. We first compared the expression Prdx6 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) and visualized Prdx6 and GPx4 within the lung. Lung Prdx6 mRNA levels were five times higher than GPx4 levels. Both Prdx6 and GPx4 localized to epithelial and endothelial cells. Prdx6 knockout or knockdown sensitized lung endothelial cells to erastin-induced ferroptosis. Cells with genetic inactivation of either aiPLA2 or Prdx6-peroxidase were more sensitive to ferroptosis than WT cells, but less sensitive than KO cells. We then conducted RNA-seq analyses in Prdx6-depleted cells to further explore how the loss of Prdx6 sensitizes lung endothelial cells to ferroptosis. Prdx6 KD upregulated transcriptional signatures associated with selenoamino acid metabolism and mitochondrial function. Accordingly, Prdx6 deficiency blunted mitochondrial function and increased GPx4 abundance whereas GPx4 KD had the opposite effect on Prdx6. Moreover, we detected Prdx6 and GPx4 interactions in intact cells, suggesting that both enzymes cooperate to suppress lipid peroxidation. Notably, Prdx6-depleted cells remained sensitive to erastin-induced ferroptosis despite the compensatory increase in GPx4. These results show that Prdx6 suppresses ferroptosis in lung endothelial cells and that both aiPLA2 and Prdx6-peroxidase contribute to this effect. These results also show that Prdx6 supports mitochondrial function and modulates several coordinated cytoprotective pathways in the pulmonary endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaitlin N Allen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Roberto G Leija
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Diamond Luong
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - David C Ensminger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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2
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Paluchova V, Cajka T, Durand T, Vigor C, Dodia C, Chatterjee S, Fisher AB, Kuda O. The role of peroxiredoxin 6 in biosynthesis of FAHFAs. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:787-794. [PMID: 36403738 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a multifunctional enzyme, a unique member of the peroxiredoxin family, with an important role in antioxidant defense. Moreover, it has also been linked with the biosynthesis of anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic lipids called fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) and many diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Here, we performed metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissue from mouse models with genetically modified Prdx6. Deletion of Prdx6 resulted in reduced levels of FAHFAs containing 13-hydroxylinoleic acid (13-HLA). Mutation of Prdx6 C47S impaired the glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced FAHFA levels, while D140A mutation, responsible for phospholipase A2 activity, showed only minor effects. Targeted analysis of oxidized phospholipids and triacylglycerols in adipocytes highlighted a correlation between FAHFA and hydroxy fatty acid production by Prdx6 or glutathione peroxidase 4. FAHFA regioisomer abundance was negatively affected by the Prdx6 deletion, and this effect was more pronounced in longer and more unsaturated FAHFAs. The predicted protein model of Prdx6 suggested that the monomer-dimer transition mechanism might be involved in the repair of longer-chain peroxidized phospholipids bound over two monomers and that the role of Prdx6 in FAHFA synthesis might be restricted to branching positions further from carbon 9. In conclusion, our work linked the peroxidase activity of Prdx6 with the levels of FAHFAs in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Paluchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, Prague, 12108, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron, CNRS, ENSCM, University Montpellier, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron, CNRS, ENSCM, University Montpellier, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine of the Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 John Morgan Building, USA
| | - Shampa Chatterjee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine of the Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 John Morgan Building, USA
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine of the Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 John Morgan Building, USA
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Lee YJ. Knockout Mouse Models for Peroxiredoxins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020182. [PMID: 32098329 PMCID: PMC7070531 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are members of a highly conserved peroxidase family and maintain intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. The family members are expressed in most organisms and involved in various biological processes, such as cellular protection against ROS, inflammation, carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis, heart diseases, and metabolism. In mammals, six PRDX members have been identified and are subdivided into three subfamilies: typical 2-Cys (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, and PRDX4), atypical 2-Cys (PRDX5), and 1-Cys (PRDX6) subfamilies. Knockout mouse models of PRDXs have been developed to investigate their in vivo roles. This review presents an overview of the knockout mouse models of PRDXs with emphases on the biological and physiological changes of these model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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Sulforaphane-Induced Klf9/Prdx6 Axis Acts as a Molecular Switch to Control Redox Signaling and Determines Fate of Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101159. [PMID: 31569690 PMCID: PMC6829349 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an activator of transcription factor Nrf2 (NFE2-related factor), modulates antioxidant defense by Nrf2-mediated regulation of antioxidant genes like Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) and affects cellular homeostasis. We previously observed that dose levels of SFN are crucial in determining life or death of lens epithelial cells (LECs). Herein, we demonstrated that higher doses of SFN (>6 μM) activated death signaling by overstimulation of Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant response element)-mediated Kruppel-like factor (Klf9) repression of Prdx6 expression, which increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) load and cell death. Mechanistically, Klf9 bound to its repressive Klf9 binding elements (RKBE; 5-CA/GCCC-3) in the Prdx6 promoter, and repressed Prdx6 transcription. Under the condition of higher dose of SFN, excessive Nrf2 abundance caused death signaling by enforcing Klf9 activation through ARE (5-RTGAYnnnGC-3) in Klf9 promoter that suppress antioxidant genes such as Prdx6 via a Klf9-dependent fashion. Klf9-depletion showed that Klf9 independently caused ROS reduction and subsequent cell survival, demonstrating that Klf9 upregulation caused cell death. Our work revealed the molecular mechanism of dose-dependent altered activity of SFN in LECs, and demonstrated that SFN activity was linked to levels of Nrf2/Klf9/Prdx6 axis. We proposed that in the development of therapeutic interventions for aging/oxidative disorders, combinations of Klf9-ShRNA and Nrf2 inducers may prove to be a promising strategy.
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Chen Y, Li R. Intermittent hyperbaric oxygen exposure mobilizing peroxiredoxin 6 to prevent oxygen toxicity. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:779-790. [PMID: 31286450 PMCID: PMC10716995 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent hyperbaric oxygen exposure (IE-HBO) can protect the body against oxygen toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms are not very clear. Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a special endogenous antioxidative protein. We explored if the protective effects of IE-HBO are related to Prdx6. Mice were exposed to 280 kPa O2 for 60 min, followed by 30-min exposure to 20% O2/N2 mixture with equal pressure, repeated for six cycles. The Prdx6 protein level and non-selenium glutathione peroxidase (NSGPx) activity in the brain and lungs were then measured and the injury degree of lung and the oxidation level of brain and lung were evaluated. On this basis, the relationship between Prdx6 and IE-HBO's protection was explored. Generally, both IE-HBO and continuous exposure to HBO (CE-HBO) could increase the protein and mRNA levels of Prdx6, and such increases were more significant 24 h after cessation of exposure; moreover, the Prdx6 level of IE-HBO was higher than that of CE-HBO in both brain and lung, also more significantly 24 h after cessation of exposure. In addition, IE-HBO exposure could more effectively potentiate the activity of NSGPx and increase GSH content in brain and lung tissues. At the same time, it could reduce oxidation products in these tissues. IE-HBO could also provide protection for the lungs against injuries resulting from prolonged HBO exposure. These data showed that IE-HBO can potentiate the production and the activity of Prdx6 and consequently mitigate oxidative damages in brain and lungs. The influences of IE-HBO on Prdx6 may form an important basis for its protection against oxygen toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhongzhuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuliang Chen
- Department of Nautical and Aviation Medicine Center, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Runping Li
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Chao CM, Moiseenko A, Kosanovic D, Rivetti S, El Agha E, Wilhelm J, Kampschulte M, Yahya F, Ehrhardt H, Zimmer KP, Barreto G, Rizvanov AA, Schermuly RT, Reiss I, Morty RE, Rottier RJ, Bellusci S, Zhang JS. Impact of Fgf10 deficiency on pulmonary vasculature formation in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1429-1444. [PMID: 30566624 PMCID: PMC6466116 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by alveoli simplification and dysmorphic pulmonary microvasculature, is a chronic lung disease affecting prematurely born infants. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important BPD feature associated with morbidity and mortality. In human BPD, inflammation leads to decreased fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) expression but the impact on the vasculature is so far unknown. We used lungs from Fgf10+/- versus Fgf10+/+ pups to investigate the effect of Fgf10 deficiency on vascular development in normoxia (NOX) and hyperoxia (HOX, BPD mouse model). To assess the role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (Fgfr2b) ligands independently of early developmentaldefects, we used an inducible double transgenic system in mice allowing inhibition of Fgfr2b ligands activity. Using vascular morphometry, we quantified the pathological changes. Finally, we evaluated changes in FGF10, surfactant protein C (SFTPC), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) and alpha-smooth muscle actin 2 (α-SMA) expression in human lung samples from patients suffering from BPD. In NOX, no major difference in the lung vasculature between Fgf10+/- and control pups was detected. In HOX, a greater loss of blood vessels in Fgf10+/- lungs is associated with an increase of poorly muscularized vessels. Fgfr2b ligands inhibition postnatally in HOX is sufficient to decrease the number of blood vessels while increasing the level of muscularization, suggesting a PH phenotype. BPD lungs exhibited decreased FGF10, SFTPC and PECAM but increased α-SMA. Fgf10 deficiency-associated vascular defects are enhanced in HOX and could represent an additional cause of morbidity in human patients with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Ming Chao
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University and Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
- University Children's Hospital Gießen, Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany. Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Gießen, Germany
| | - Alena Moiseenko
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Stefano Rivetti
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Elie El Agha
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University and Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig-University, University Hospital Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Faady Yahya
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Harald Ehrhardt
- University Children's Hospital Gießen, Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany. Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Gießen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Zimmer
- University Children's Hospital Gießen, Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany. Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Gießen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan , Russian Federation
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan , Russian Federation
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
| | - Irwin Reiss
- Division of Neonatology, Erasmus Medical Center–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory E Morty
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Robbert J Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University and Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Gießen, Germany
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan , Russian Federation
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University and Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zha X, Wu G, Zhang H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Ma L. PRDX6 regulates the H2O2 and blue light-induced APRE-19 cell apoptosis via down-regulating and interacting with RARA. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2019; 23:241-245. [PMID: 31489244 PMCID: PMC6711153 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1592021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary retinal disease (HRD) is the primary retinal degeneration that leads to severe visual impairments and refractory blindness, and the therapy of HRD was most important in ophthalmology. The apoptosis of retinal cells plays important roles in HRD progression. Therefore, in this study, we explore the mechanism of H2O2 and blue light-induced apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) is employed to test the interactions between proteins, and western blotting is used to detect the protein levels. Apoptosis is analyzed by Flow cytometry. Our results found that PRDX6 could interact with RARA in ARPE-19 cells, and H2O2 and blue light could significantly reduce the RARA protein expression, and also could inhibit the interaction between PRDX6 and RARA. Using a rescue experiment, we further elucidated that H2O2 and blue light reduced the RARA expression via down-regulating PRDX6. And H2O2 and blue light induced the ARPE-19 cell apoptosis via decreasing the expression of PRDX6. Our results suggested that the interaction between PRDX6 and RARA played important roles in the apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zha
- Department of the Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojiu Wu
- Department of the Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of the Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Yang
- Department of the Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanping Zhang
- Department of the Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Linkun Ma
- Department of the Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Mouse Models of Genetically Altered Peroxiredoxin 6. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8040077. [PMID: 30934692 PMCID: PMC6523285 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) has been shown to have three enzymatic activities: peroxidase, phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) and acyl transferase. The peroxidase activity is unusual, as it is capable of reducing phospholipid hydroperoxides (as well as hydrogen peroxide and short chain organic peroxides). Knockout and overexpressing mice have been produced that demonstrate the effect that eliminating or overproducing Prdx6 has on the animals' physiology. In addition, mutations in various amino acids of Prdx6 have been identified that interfere with different enzymatic functions as well as protein transport. These mutations were originally characterized biochemically; subsequently, several knock-in mouse strains have been produced, each containing one mutation. These mice include the S32T knock-in that affects protein transport, the C47S knock-in that inactivates the peroxidase enzymatic activity, the D140A knock-in that inactivates the PLA₂ enzymatic activity and the H26A knock-in that inactivates the peroxidase and blocks binding to phospholipids. This review summarizes the properties of these mice based upon studies conducted with the knockout, overexpressing and knock-in mice and the effect of the genetic changes on the biochemistry and physiology of these mice. The availability of these mice is also briefly discussed.
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Peroxiredoxin6 in Endothelial Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030063. [PMID: 30871234 PMCID: PMC6466833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prdx) are a ubiquitous family of highly conserved antioxidant enzymes with a cysteine residue that participate in the reduction of peroxides. This family comprises members Prdx1–6, of which Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is unique in that it is multifunctional with the ability to neutralize peroxides (peroxidase activity) and to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) via its phospholipase (PLA2) activity that drives assembly of NADPH oxidase (NOX2). From the crystal structure, a C47 residue is responsible for peroxidase activity while a catalytic triad (S32, H26, and D140) has been identified as the active site for its PLA2 activity. This paradox of being an antioxidant as well as an oxidant generator implies that Prdx6 is a regulator of cellular redox equilibrium (graphical abstract). It also indicates that a fine-tuned regulation of Prdx6 expression and activity is crucial to cellular homeostasis. This is specifically important in the endothelium, where ROS production and signaling are critical players in inflammation, injury, and repair, that collectively signal the onset of vascular diseases. Here we review the role of Prdx6 as a regulator of redox signaling, specifically in the endothelium and in mediating various pathologies.
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10
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Sun A, Lai Z, Zhao M, Mu L, Hu X. Native nanodiscs from blood inhibit pulmonary fibrosis. Biomaterials 2019; 192:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Arevalo JA, Vázquez-Medina JP. The Role of Peroxiredoxin 6 in Cell Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7120172. [PMID: 30477202 PMCID: PMC6316032 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6, 1-cys peroxiredoxin) is a unique member of the peroxiredoxin family that, in contrast to other mammalian peroxiredoxins, lacks a resolving cysteine and uses glutathione and π glutathione S-transferase to complete its catalytic cycle. Prdx6 is also the only peroxiredoxin capable of reducing phospholipid hydroperoxides through its glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity. In addition to its peroxidase activity, Prdx6 expresses acidic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT) activities in separate catalytic sites. Prdx6 plays crucial roles in lung phospholipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation repair, and inflammatory signaling. Here, we review how the distinct activities of Prdx6 are regulated during physiological and pathological conditions, in addition to the role of Prdx6 in cellular signaling and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Arevalo
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94705, USA.
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12
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), a family of thiol-associated peroxidases, are purported to play a major role in sensing and managing hydrogen peroxide concentrations and transducing peroxide-derived signals. Recent Advances: Prxs can act as detoxifying factors and impart effects to cells that can be either sparing or suicidal. Advances have been made to address the qualitative changes in Prx function in response to quantitative changes in the signal level and to understand how Prx activity could be affected by their own substrates. Here we rationalize the basis for both positive and negative effects on signaling pathways and cell physiology, summarizing data from model organisms, including invertebrates. CRITICAL ISSUES Resolving the relationship between the promiscuous behavior of reactive oxygen species and the specificity of Prxs toward different targets in redox-sensitive signaling pathways is a key area of research. Attempts to understand Prx function and underlying mechanisms were conducted in vitro or in vivo under nonphysiological conditions, leaving the physiological relevance yet to be defined. Other issues: Why despite the high degree of homology and similarities in subcellular and tissue distribution between Prxs do they display differential effects on signaling? How is the specificity of post-translational protein modifications determined? Other than chaperone-like activity, how do hyperoxidized Prxs function? FUTURE DIRECTIONS Genetic models with mutated catalytic and resolving cysteines should be further exploited to dissect the functional significance of individual Prxs in their different states together with their alternative reducing partners. Such an analysis may then be extended to help identify Prx-specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Radyuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University , Dallas, Texas
| | - William C Orr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University , Dallas, Texas
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Sharapov MG, Fesenko EE, Novoselov VI. The Role of Peroxiredoxins in Various Diseases Caused by Oxidative Stress and the Prospects of Using Exogenous Peroxiredoxins. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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14
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Fisher AB. The phospholipase A 2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1132-1147. [PMID: 29716959 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r082578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a Ca2+-independent intracellular phospholipase A2 (called aiPLA2) that is localized to cytosol, lysosomes, and lysosomal-related organelles. Activity is minimal at cytosolic pH but is increased significantly with enzyme phosphorylation, at acidic pH, and in the presence of oxidized phospholipid substrate; maximal activity with phosphorylated aiPLA2 is ∼2 µmol/min/mg protein. Prdx6 is a "moonlighting" protein that also expresses glutathione peroxidase and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase activities. The catalytic site for aiPLA2 activity is an S32-H26-D140 triad; S32-H26 is also the phospholipid binding site. Activity is inhibited by a serine "protease" inhibitor (diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate), an analog of the PLA2 transition state [1-hexadecyl-3-(trifluoroethyl)-sn-glycero-2-phosphomethanol (MJ33)], and by two naturally occurring proteins (surfactant protein A and p67phox), but not by bromoenol lactone. aiPLA2 activity has important physiological roles in the turnover (synthesis and degradation) of lung surfactant phospholipids, in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes, and in the activation of NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX2). The enzyme has been implicated in acute lung injury, carcinogenesis, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, male infertility, and sundry other conditions, although its specific roles have not been well defined. Protein mutations and animal models are now available to further investigate the roles of Prdx6-aiPLA2 activity in normal and pathological physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine of the Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19103
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15
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Mishra Y, Hall M, Locmelis R, Nam K, Söderberg CAG, Storm P, Chaurasia N, Rai LC, Jansson S, Schröder WP, Sauer UH. Active-site plasticity revealed in the asymmetric dimer of AnPrx6 the 1-Cys peroxiredoxin and molecular chaperone from Anabaena sp. PCC 7210. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17151. [PMID: 29215017 PMCID: PMC5719442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are vital regulators of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in all living organisms. Their activity depends on one or two catalytically active cysteine residues, the peroxidatic Cys (CP) and, if present, the resolving Cys (CR). A detailed catalytic cycle has been derived for typical 2-Cys Prxs, however, little is known about the catalytic cycle of 1-Cys Prxs. We have characterized Prx6 from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120 (AnPrx6) and found that in addition to the expected peroxidase activity, AnPrx6 can act as a molecular chaperone in its dimeric state, contrary to other Prxs. The AnPrx6 crystal structure at 2.3 Å resolution reveals different active site conformations in each monomer of the asymmetric obligate homo-dimer. Molecular dynamic simulations support the observed structural plasticity. A FSH motif, conserved in 1-Cys Prxs, precedes the active site PxxxTxxCp signature and might contribute to the 1-Cys Prx reaction cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Michael Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roland Locmelis
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kwangho Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Computational Life-Science Cluster, CLiC, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019-0065, USA
| | | | - Patrik Storm
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Neha Chaurasia
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Lal Chand Rai
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Algal Biology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang P Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Uwe H Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden. .,Computational Life-Science Cluster, CLiC, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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16
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Fisher AB, Vasquez-Medina JP, Dodia C, Sorokina EM, Tao JQ, Feinstein SI. Peroxiredoxin 6 phospholipid hydroperoxidase activity in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes. Redox Biol 2017; 14:41-46. [PMID: 28865296 PMCID: PMC5581854 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although lipid peroxidation associated with oxidative stress can result in cellular death, sub-lethal lipid peroxidation can gradually resolve with return to the pre-exposure state. We have shown that resolution of lipid peroxidation is greatly delayed in lungs or cells that are null for peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) and that both the phospholipase A2 and the GSH peroxidase activities of Prdx6 are required for a maximal rate of recovery. Like other peroxiredoxins, Prdx6 can reduce H2O2 and short chain hydroperoxides, but in addition can directly reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides. This study evaluated the relative role of these two different peroxidase activities of Prdx6 in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes. The His26 residue in Prdx6 is an important component of the binding site for phospholipids. Thus, we evaluated the lungs from H26A-Prdx6 expressing mice and generated H26A-Prdx6 expressing pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) by lentiviral infection of Prdx6 null cells to compare with wild type in the repair of lipid peroxidation. Isolated lungs and PMVEC were exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide and mice were exposed to hyperoxia (> 95% O2). Assays for lipid peroxidation in wild type control and mutant lungs and cells showed ~4-fold increase at end-exposure. Control lungs and cells showed gradual resolution during a post-exposure recovery period. However, there was no recovery from lipid peroxidation by H26A-Prdx6 lungs or PMVEC. These studies confirm an important role for Prdx6 in recovery from membrane lipid peroxidation and indicate that reduction of H2O2 or short chain hydroperoxides does not play a role in the recovery process. Repair of peroxidized lipids did not occur with H26A-Prdx6 Delete semicolons;mutation. Repair reflects the phospholipid hydroperoxidase and PLA2 activities of Prdx6;Move to next with "bullet mark" "P"eroxidase activity with small hydroperoxides and H2O2 does not play a role in repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jose P Vasquez-Medina
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elena M Sorokina
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jian-Qin Tao
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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17
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Bierhansl L, Conradi LC, Treps L, Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P. Central Role of Metabolism in Endothelial Cell Function and Vascular Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:126-140. [PMID: 28202623 PMCID: PMC5337830 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00031.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of endothelial cell (EC) metabolism and its regulatory role in the angiogenic behavior of ECs during vessel formation and in the function of different EC subtypes determined by different vascular beds has been recognized only in the last few years. Even more importantly, apart from a role of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in EC dysfunction, deregulations of EC metabolism in disease only recently received increasing attention. Although comprehensive metabolic characterization of ECs still needs further investigation, the concept of targeting EC metabolism to treat vascular disease is emerging. In this overview, we summarize EC-specific metabolic pathways, describe the current knowledge on their deregulation in vascular diseases, and give an outlook on how vascular endothelial metabolism can serve as a target to normalize deregulated endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bierhansl
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Fisher AB. Peroxiredoxin 6 in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes and cell signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 617:68-83. [PMID: 27932289 PMCID: PMC5810417 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 represents a widely distributed group of peroxiredoxins that contain a single conserved cysteine in the protein monomer (1-cys Prdx). The cys when oxidized to the sulfenic form is reduced with glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the π isoform of GSH-S-transferase. Three enzymatic activities of the protein have been described:1) peroxidase with H2O2, short chain hydroperoxides, and phospholipid hydroperoxides as substrates; 2) phospholipase A2 (PLA2); and 3) lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT). These activities have important physiological roles in antioxidant defense, turnover of cellular phospholipids, and the generation of superoxide anion via initiation of the signaling cascade for activation of NADPH oxidase (type 2). The ability of Prdx6 to reduce peroxidized cell membrane phospholipids (peroxidase activity) and also to replace the oxidized sn-2 fatty acyl group through hydrolysis/reacylation (PLA2 and LPCAT activities) provides a complete system for the repair of peroxidized cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine of the Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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19
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Burillo E, Jorge I, Martínez-López D, Camafeita E, Blanco-Colio LM, Trevisan-Herraz M, Ezkurdia I, Egido J, Michel JB, Meilhac O, Vázquez J, Martin-Ventura JL. Quantitative HDL Proteomics Identifies Peroxiredoxin-6 as a Biomarker of Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38477. [PMID: 27934969 PMCID: PMC5146935 DOI: 10.1038/srep38477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complex protein and lipid assemblies whose composition is known to change in diverse pathological situations. Analysis of the HDL proteome can thus provide insight into the main mechanisms underlying abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and potentially detect novel systemic biomarkers. We performed a multiplexed quantitative proteomics analysis of HDLs isolated from plasma of AAA patients (N = 14) and control study participants (N = 7). Validation was performed by western-blot (HDL), immunohistochemistry (tissue), and ELISA (plasma). HDL from AAA patients showed elevated expression of peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6), HLA class I histocompatibility antigen (HLA-I), retinol-binding protein 4, and paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1), whereas α-2 macroglobulin and C4b-binding protein were decreased. The main pathways associated with HDL alterations in AAA were oxidative stress and immune-inflammatory responses. In AAA tissue, PRDX6 colocalized with neutrophils, vascular smooth muscle cells, and lipid oxidation. Moreover, plasma PRDX6 was higher in AAA (N = 47) than in controls (N = 27), reflecting increased systemic oxidative stress. Finally, a positive correlation was recorded between PRDX6 and AAA diameter. The analysis of the HDL proteome demonstrates that redox imbalance is a major mechanism in AAA, identifying the antioxidant PRDX6 as a novel systemic biomarker of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Burillo
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Martínez-López
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marco Trevisan-Herraz
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iakes Ezkurdia
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | | | - Olivier Meilhac
- Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (UMR DéTROI U1188) - Université de La Réunion-CYROI- 2, rue Maxime Rivière 97490 Sainte Clotilde - La Réunion - France
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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20
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Kwon J, Wang A, Burke DJ, Boudreau HE, Lekstrom KJ, Korzeniowska A, Sugamata R, Kim YS, Yi L, Ersoy I, Jaeger S, Palaniappan K, Ambruso DR, Jackson SH, Leto TL. Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) supports NADPH oxidase1 (Nox1)-based superoxide generation and cell migration. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:99-115. [PMID: 27094494 PMCID: PMC4929831 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nox1 is an abundant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in colon epithelium recently shown to function in wound healing and epithelial homeostasis. We identified Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) as a novel binding partner of Nox activator 1 (Noxa1) in yeast two-hybrid screening experiments using the Noxa1 SH3 domain as bait. Prdx6 is a unique member of the Prdx antioxidant enzyme family exhibiting both glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A2 activities. We confirmed this interaction in cells overexpressing both proteins, showing Prdx6 binds to and stabilizes wild type Noxa1, but not the SH3 domain mutant form, Noxa1 W436R. We demonstrated in several cell models that Prdx6 knockdown suppresses Nox1 activity, whereas enhanced Prdx6 expression supports higher Nox1-derived superoxide production. Both peroxidase- and lipase-deficient mutant forms of Prdx6 (Prdx6 C47S and S32A, respectively) failed to bind to or stabilize Nox1 components or support Nox1-mediated superoxide generation. Furthermore, the transition-state substrate analogue inhibitor of Prdx6 phospholipase A2 activity (MJ-33) was shown to suppress Nox1 activity, suggesting Nox1 activity is regulated by the phospholipase activity of Prdx6. Finally, wild type Prdx6, but not lipase or peroxidase mutant forms, supports Nox1-mediated cell migration in the HCT-116 colon epithelial cell model of wound closure. These findings highlight a novel pathway in which this antioxidant enzyme positively regulates an oxidant-generating system to support cell migration and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyul Kwon
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Korea
| | - Aibing Wang
- Diabetes Cluster, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Devin J. Burke
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Howard E. Boudreau
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kristen J. Lekstrom
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ryuichi Sugamata
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Liang Yi
- Diabetes Cluster, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilker Ersoy
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Sch. of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Stefan Jaeger
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Daniel R. Ambruso
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Sch. of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sharon H. Jackson
- Diabetes Cluster, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas L. Leto
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Corresponding author: Laboratory of Host Defenses, NIAID, NIH, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA. Fax: 301 480-1731.
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21
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Zhou S, Sorokina EM, Harper S, Li H, Ralat L, Dodia C, Speicher DW, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB. Peroxiredoxin 6 homodimerization and heterodimerization with glutathione S-transferase pi are required for its peroxidase but not phospholipase A2 activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:145-56. [PMID: 26891882 PMCID: PMC4844822 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a unique 1-Cys member of the peroxiredoxin family with both GSH peroxidase and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities. It is highly expressed in the lung where it plays an important role in antioxidant defense and lung surfactant metabolism. Glutathionylation of Prdx6 mediated by its heterodimerization with GSH S-transferase π (πGST) is required for its peroxidatic catalytic cycle. Recombinant human Prdx6 crystallizes as a homodimer and sedimentation equilibrium analysis confirmed that this protein exists as a high affinity dimer in solution. Based on measurement of molecular mass, dimeric Prdx6 that was oxidized to the sulfenic acid formed a sulfenylamide during storage. After examination of the dimer interface in the crystal structure, we postulated that the hydrophobic amino acids L145 and L148 play an important role in homodimerization of Prdx6 as well as in its heterodimerization with πGST. Oxidation of Prdx6 also was required for its heterodimerization. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis and the Duolink proximity ligation assay following mutation of the L145 and L148 residues of Prdx6 to Glu indicated greatly decreased dimerization propensity reflecting the loss of hydrophobic interactions between the protein monomers. Peroxidase activity was markedly reduced by mutation at either of the Leu sites and was essentially abolished by the double mutation, while PLA2 activity was unaffected. Decreased peroxidase activity following mutation of the interfacial leucines presumably is mediated via impaired heterodimerization of Prdx6 with πGST that is required for reduction and re-activation of the oxidized enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suiping Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elena M Sorokina
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandra Harper
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Luis Ralat
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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Sorokina EM, Dodia C, Zhou S, Tao JQ, Gao L, Raabe T, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB. Mutation of Serine 32 to Threonine in Peroxiredoxin 6 Preserves Its Structure and Enzymatic Function but Abolishes Its Trafficking to Lamellar Bodies. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9268-80. [PMID: 26921317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), a bifunctional protein with phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) and GSH peroxidase activities, protects lungs from oxidative stress and participates in lung surfactant phospholipid turnover. Prdx6 has been localized to both cytosol and lamellar bodies (LB) in lung epithelium, and its organellar targeting sequence has been identified. We propose that Prdx6 LB targeting facilitates its role in the metabolism of lung surfactant phosphatidylcholine (PC). Ser-32 has been identified as the active site in Prdx6 for aiPLA2 activity, and this activity was abolished by the mutation of serine 32 to alanine (S32A). However, aiPLA2 activity was unaffected by mutation of serine 32 in Prdx6 to threonine (S32T). Prdx6 protein expression and aiPLA2 activity were normal in the whole lung of a "knock-in" mouse model carrying an S32T mutation in the Prdx6 gene but were absent from isolated LB. Analyses by proximity ligation assay in lung sections demonstrated the inability of S32T Prdx6 to bind to the chaperone protein, 14-3-3ϵ, that is required for LB targeting. The content of total phospholipid, PC, and disaturated PC in lung tissue homogenate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung LB was increased significantly in Prdx6-S32T mutant lungs, whereas degradation of internalized [(3)H]dipalmitoyl-PC was significantly decreased. Thus, Thr can substitute for Ser for the enzymatic activities of Prdx6 but not for its targeting to LB. These results confirm an important role for LB Prdx6 in the degradation and remodeling of lung surfactant phosphatidylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Sorokina
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Chandra Dodia
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Suiping Zhou
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Jian-Qin Tao
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Ling Gao
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Tobias Raabe
- Penn Gene Targeting Core and Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Aron B Fisher
- From the Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
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23
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Fisher AB, Dodia C, Sorokina EM, Li H, Zhou S, Raabe T, Feinstein SI. A novel lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase activity is expressed by peroxiredoxin 6. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:587-96. [PMID: 26830860 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m064758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipase A2(PLA2) activity of peroxiredoxin (Prdx)6 has important physiological roles in the synthesis of lung surfactant and in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes. These functions require the activity of a lysophospholipid acyl transferase as a critical component of the phospholipid remodeling pathway. We now describe a lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT) activity for Prdx6 that showed a strong preference for lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) as the head group and for palmitoyl CoA in the acylation reaction. The calculated kinetic constants for acylation wereKm18 μM andVmax30 nmol/min/mg protein; theVmaxwas increased 25-fold by phosphorylation of the protein whileKmwas unchanged. Study of recombinant protein in vitro and in mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells infected with a lentiviral vector construct indicated that amino acid D31 is crucial for LPCAT activity. A linear incorporation of labeled fatty acyl CoA into dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (PC) indicated that LPC generated by Prdx6 PLA2activity remained bound to the enzyme for the reacylation reaction. Prdx6 is the first LPCAT enzyme with demonstrated cytoplasmic localization. Thus, Prdx6 is a complete enzyme comprising both PLA2and LPCAT activities for the remodeling pathway of PC synthesis or for repair of membrane lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Elena M Sorokina
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Suiping Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Tobias Raabe
- Penn Gene Targeting Core and Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Physiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Ozkosem B, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB, O'Flaherty C. Absence of Peroxiredoxin 6 Amplifies the Effect of Oxidant Stress on Mobility and SCSA/CMA3 Defined Chromatin Quality and Impairs Fertilizing Ability of Mouse Spermatozoa. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:68. [PMID: 26792942 PMCID: PMC4829091 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.137646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, the imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defenses, is associated with male infertility. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes with a wide distribution in spermatozoa. PRDX6 is highly abundant and located in all subcellular compartments of the spermatozoon. Infertile men have lower levels of sperm PRDX6 associated with low sperm motility and high DNA damage. In order to better understand the role of PRDX6 in male reproduction, the aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of the lack of PRDX6 on male mouse fertility. Spermatozoa lacking PRDX6 showed significantly increased levels of cellular oxidative damage evidenced by high levels of lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (DNA oxidation), and protein oxidation (S-glutathionylation and carbonylation), lower sperm chromatin quality (high DNA fragmentation and low DNA compaction, due to low levels of protamination and a high percentage of free thiols), along with decreased sperm motility and impairment of capacitation as compared with wild-type (WT) spermatozoa. These manifestations of damage are exacerbated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide treatment in vivo. While WT males partially recovered the quality of their spermatozoa (in terms of motility and sperm DNA integrity), Prdx6(-/-) males showed higher levels of sperm damage (lower motility and chromatin integrity) 6 mo after the end of treatment. In conclusion, Prdx6(-/-) males are more vulnerable to oxidative stress than WT males, resulting in impairment of sperm quality and ability to fertilize the oocyte, compatible with the subfertility phenotype observed in these knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Ozkosem
- Urology Research Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada Department of Surgery (Urology Division), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cristian O'Flaherty
- Urology Research Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada Department of Surgery (Urology Division), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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25
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Krishnaiah SY, Dodia C, Sorokina EM, Li H, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB. Binding sites for interaction of peroxiredoxin 6 with surfactant protein A. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:419-25. [PMID: 26723227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a bifunctional enzyme with peroxidase and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities. This protein participates in the degradation and remodeling of internalized dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the major phospholipid component of lung surfactant. We have shown previously that the PLA2 activity of Prdx6 is inhibited by the lung surfactant-associated protein called surfactant protein A (SP-A) through direct protein-protein interaction. Docking of SPA and Prdx6 was modeled using the ZDOCK (zlab.bu.edu) program in order to predict molecular sites for binding of the two proteins. The predicted peptide sequences were evaluated for binding to the opposite protein using isothermal titration calorimetry and circular dichroism measurement followed by determination of the effect of the SP-A peptide on the PLA2 activity of Prdx6. The sequences 195EEEAKKLFPK204.in the Prdx6 helix and 83DEELQTELYEIKHQIL99 in SP-A were identified as the sites for hydrophobic interaction and H(+)-bonding between the 2 proteins. Treatment of mouse endothelial cells with the SP-A peptide inhibited their recovery from lipid peroxidation associated with oxidative stress indicating inhibition of Prdx6 activity by the peptide in the intact cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikumari Y Krishnaiah
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elena M Sorokina
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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26
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Tu Q, Xiong Y, Fan L, Qiao B, Xia Z, Hu L, Wang Y, Peng G, Ye Q. Peroxiredoxin 6 attenuates ischemia‑ and hypoxia‑induced liver damage of brain‑dead donors. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:753-61. [PMID: 26647763 PMCID: PMC4686087 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by ischemia and hypoxia in the livers of donors after brain death (DBD) is associated with poor organ function and low patient survival rates in those receiving DBD liver transplants. Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) can defend cells against liver damage induced by oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Prdx6 in ischemia‑ and hypoxia‑induced liver damage in DBD livers. Liver tissue samples from ten DBD patients were collected. The control group constituted of six liver samples from patients with liver hemangioma that had accepted tumor excision surgery. Protein expression levels were determined by western blotting, cell viability was assessed using a CCK‑8 assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using a ROS assay kit, and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was measured using a PLA2 assay kit. In DBD liver samples, Prdx6 expression was downregulated and the nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) signaling pathway was activated. Furthermore, when human liver L02 cells were exposed to ischemia and hypoxia, the expression of Prdx6 was reduced, causing an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS); this in turn activated NF‑κB signaling and lowered cell viability (P<0.01). In agreement, overexpression of Prdx6 reduced ROS levels and improved cell viability. It was also demonstrated that inhibition of NF‑κB increased Prdx6 expression, while inhibition of Prdx6 limited PLA2 activity, exacerbating ischemia‑ and hypoxia‑induced cell damage. This data suggests that Prdx6 and its PLA2 activity have a protective role in DBD livers, the expression of which is regulated by NF‑κB. Thus, Prdx6 may be a novel target to alleviate liver damage in DBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Lin Fan
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Qiao
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Xia
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Long Hu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Guizhu Peng
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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27
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Gruber F, Ornelas CM, Karner S, Narzt MS, Nagelreiter IM, Gschwandtner M, Bochkov V, Tschachler E. Nrf2 deficiency causes lipid oxidation, inflammation, and matrix-protease expression in DHA-supplemented and UVA-irradiated skin fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:439-451. [PMID: 25981373 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has beneficial effects on human health. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are precursors of eicosanoids and docosanoids, signaling molecules that control inflammation and immunity, and their dietary uptake improves a range of disorders including cardiovascular diseases, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. The unsaturated nature of these fatty acids, however, makes them prone to oxidation, especially when they are incorporated into (membrane) phospholipids. The skin is an organ strongly exposed to oxidative stress, mainly due to solar ultraviolet radiation. Thus, increased levels of PUFA in combination with oxidative stress could cause increased local generation of oxidized lipids, whose action spectrum reaches from signaling molecules to reactive carbonyl compounds that can crosslink biomolecules. Here, we investigated whether PUFA supplements to fibroblasts are incorporated into membrane phospholipids and whether an increase of PUFA within phospholipids affects the responses of the cells to UV exposure. The redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 is the major regulator of the fibroblast stress response to ultraviolet radiation or exposure to oxidized lipids. Here we addressed how Nrf2 signaling would be affected in PUFA-supplemented human dermal fibroblasts and mouse dermal fibroblasts from Nrf2-deficient and wild type mice. We found, using HPLC-tandem MS, that DHA supplements to culture media of human and murine fibroblasts were readily incorporated into phospholipids and that subsequent irradiation of the supplemented cells with UVA resulted in an increase in 1-palmitoyl-2-(epoxyisoprostane-E2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine and Oxo-DHA esterified to phospholipid, both of which are Nrf2 agonists. Also, induction of Nrf2 target genes was enhanced in the DHA-supplemented fibroblasts after UVA irradiation. In Nrf2-deficient murine fibroblasts, the expression of the target genes was, as expected, decreased, but surprisingly, expression of TNFα and MMP13 was strongly induced in DHA-supplemented, UVA-irradiated cells. Also, Nrf2-deficient cells had increased levels of oxidized phospholipids relative to the unoxidized precursors after UVA irradiation. Our data suggest that under ultraviolet stress a functioning Nrf2 system is required to prevent DHA-induced inflammation and matrix degradation in dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Anna Spiegel Gebäude E6 Lab5, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cayo Mecking Ornelas
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Anna Spiegel Gebäude E6 Lab5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Karner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Anna Spiegel Gebäude E6 Lab5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Sophie Narzt
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Anna Spiegel Gebäude E6 Lab5, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ionela Mariana Nagelreiter
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Anna Spiegel Gebäude E6 Lab5, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Gschwandtner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Anna Spiegel Gebäude E6 Lab5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valery Bochkov
- Department of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Anna Spiegel Gebäude E6 Lab5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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28
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Romá-Mateo C, Aguado C, García-Giménez JL, Knecht E, Sanz P, Pallardó FV. Oxidative stress, a new hallmark in the pathophysiology of Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:30-41. [PMID: 25680286 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD; OMIM 254780, ORPHA501) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of glycogen-like intracellular inclusions called Lafora bodies and caused, in most cases, by mutations in either the EPM2A or the EPM2B gene, encoding respectively laforin, a phosphatase with dual specificity that is involved in the dephosphorylation of glycogen, and malin, an E3-ubiquitin ligase involved in the polyubiquitination of proteins related to glycogen metabolism. Thus, it has been reported that laforin and malin form a functional complex that acts as a key regulator of glycogen metabolism and that also plays a crucial role in protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Regarding this last function, it has been shown that cells are more sensitive to ER stress and show defects in proteasome and autophagy activities in the absence of a functional laforin-malin complex. More recently, we have demonstrated that oxidative stress accompanies these proteostasis defects and that various LD models show an increase in reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress products together with a dysregulated antioxidant enzyme expression and activity. In this review we discuss possible connections between the multiple defects in protein homeostasis present in LD and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Romá-Mateo
- Fundación Investigación Clinico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, E46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Fundación Investigación Clinico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, E46010 Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain
| | - Erwin Knecht
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pascual Sanz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Fundación Investigación Clinico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, E46010 Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain.
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29
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Ishii T. Close teamwork between Nrf2 and peroxiredoxins 1 and 6 for the regulation of prostaglandin D2 and E2 production in macrophages in acute inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:189-198. [PMID: 25968070 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological self-defense reaction triggered by tissue damage or infection by pathogens. Acute inflammation is regulated by the time- and cell type-dependent production of cytokines and small signaling molecules including reactive oxygen species and prostaglandins. Recent studies have unveiled the important role of the transcription factor Nrf2 in the regulation of prostaglandin production through transcriptional regulation of peroxiredoxins 1 and 6 (Prx1 and Prx6) and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS). Prx1 and Prx6 are multifunctional proteins important for cell protection against oxidative stress, but also work together to facilitate production of prostaglandins E2 and D2 (PGE2 and PGD2). Prx1 secreted from cells under mild oxidative stress binds Toll-like receptor 4 and induces NF-κB activation, important for the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression. The activated MAPKs p38 and ERK phosphorylate Prx6, leading to NADPH oxidase-2 activation, which contributes to production of PGD2 by hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (H-PGDS). PGD2 and its end product 15-deoxy-∆(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) activate Nrf2 thereby forming a positive feedback loop for further production of PGD2 by L-PGDS. Maintenance of cellular glutathione levels is an important role of Nrf2 not only for cell protection but also for the synthesis of prostaglandins, as mPGES-1 and H-PGDS require glutathione for their activities. This review is aimed at describing the functions of Prx1 and Prx6 in the regulation of PGD2 and PGE2 production in acute inflammation in macrophages and the importance of 15d-PGJ2 as an intrinsic Nrf2 activator.
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30
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Li H, Benipal B, Zhou S, Dodia C, Chatterjee S, Tao JQ, Sorokina EM, Raabe T, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB. Critical role of peroxiredoxin 6 in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes following oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:356-65. [PMID: 26117327 PMCID: PMC4780751 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids are a major structural component of all cell membranes; their peroxidation represents a severe threat to cellular integrity and their repair is important to prevent cell death. Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), a protein with both GSH peroxidase and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity, plays a critical role in antioxidant defense of the lung and other organs. We investigated the role of Prdx6 in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) and isolated mouse lungs treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and lungs from mice exposed to hyperoxia (100% O(2)). Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, oxidation of diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine, or ferrous xylenol orange assay. The exposure dose was varied to give a similar degree of lipid peroxidation at the end of exposure in the different models. Values for lipid peroxidation returned to control levels within 2 h after oxidant removal in wild-type PMVEC and perfused lungs but were unchanged in Pxdx6 null preparations. An intermediate degree of repair was observed with PMVEC and lungs that expressed only C47S or D140A mutant Prdx6; the former mutant does not have peroxidase activity, while the latter loses its PLA(2) activity. Prdx6 null mice showed markedly delayed recovery from lipid peroxidation during 20 h observation following exposure to hyperoxia. Thus, Prdx6 plays a critical role in the repair of peroxidized phospholipids in cell membranes and the recovery of lung cells from peroxidative stress; the peroxidase and PLA(2) activity each contribute to the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bavneet Benipal
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Suiping Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shampa Chatterjee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jian-Qin Tao
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elena M Sorokina
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tobias Raabe
- Penn Gene Targeting Core and Laboratory of the Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Oxidative stress has many implications in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species and antioxidants, how they relate to normal physiological function and the pathophysiology of different lung diseases, and therapeutic strategies. The production of ROS/RNS from endogenous and exogenous sources is first discussed, followed by antioxidant systems that restore oxidative balance and cellular homeostasis. The contribution of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in lung disease pathogenesis is also discussed. An overview of therapeutic strategies is provided, such as augmenting NO bioactivity, blocking the production of ROS/RNS and replacement of deficient antioxidants. The limitations of current strategies and failures of clinical trials are then addressed, followed by discussion of novel experimental approaches for the development of improved antioxidant therapies.
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32
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Yun HM, Park KR, Lee HP, Lee DH, Jo M, Shin DH, Yoon DY, Han SB, Hong JT. PRDX6 promotes lung tumor progression via its GPx and iPLA2 activities. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:367-76. [PMID: 24512906 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PRDX6 is a bifunctional protein with both glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activities, which are concomitantly increased with the expression of PRDX6. PRDX6 promoted lung tumor growth in an in vivo allograft model. Herein, we further studied the vital roles in tumor progression of PRDX6 in lung cancer using nude mice bearing PRDX6-overexpressing lung cancer cells. Nude mice xenografted with PRDX6 showed increases in tumor size and weight compared to control mice. Histopathological and Western blotting examination demonstrated that expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor, metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and cyclin-dependent kinases accompanied by increased iPLA2 and GPx activities were increased in the tumor tissues of PRDX6-overexpressing nude mice. In tumor tissues of PRDX6-overexpressing mice, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and AP-1 DNA binding were also increased. The growth of lung cancer cell lines (A549 and NCI-H460) was enhanced by the increase in iPLA2 and GPx activities of PRDX6. In addition, mutant PRDX6 (C47S) attenuated PRDX6-mediated p38, ERK1/2, and AP-1 activities as well as its enzyme activities in the A549 and NCI-H460 lines. Furthermore, tumor growth and p38, ERK1/2, and AP-1 activities were also inhibited in nude mice bearing mutant PRDX6 (C47S) compared to PRDX6. Therefore, our findings indicate that PRDX6 promotes lung tumor growth via increased glutathione peroxidase and iPLA2 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Peum Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Jo
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dea Hwan Shin
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women׳s University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 150-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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33
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El Eter E, Al Masri A, Habib S, Al Zamil H, Al Hersi A, Al Hussein F, Al Omran M. Novel links among peroxiredoxins, endothelial dysfunction, and severity of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:173-81. [PMID: 23801458 PMCID: PMC3933621 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins, a group of antioxidant protein enzymes (PRDX1 to 6), are reported as antiatherogenic factors in animals; however, human studies are lacking. The present work aims to provide baseline data regarding the phenotype of PRDX1, 2, 4, and 6 in diabetic patients with peripheral atherosclerosis disease (PAD) and their relation to endothelial dysfunction (ED) and disease severity. Plasma levels of PRDX1, 2, 4, and 6 and markers of endothelial dysfunction (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) were measured using ELISA in 55 type 2 diabetic patients having PAD and 25 healthy subjects. Ankle-brachial index (ABI), body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, HbA1c, and insulin resistance (HOMA IR) were measured. PRDX1, 2, 4, and 6 levels were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (PRDX1 21.9 ± 5.71 vs 16.8 ± 3.9 ng/ml, P < 0.001, PRDX2 36.5 ± 14.83 vs 20.4 ± 8.61 ng/ml, P < 0.001, PRDX4 3,840 ± 1,440 vs 2,696 ± 1,972 pg/ml, P < 0.005, PRDX6 311 ± 110 vs 287.9 ± 114 pg/ml, P < 0.05). PRDX1 and PRDX4 correlated negatively with ABI (r = -0.273, P < 0.05 and r = -0.28, P < 0.05, respectively), while PRDX1 and PRDX2 correlated positively with HOMA/IR and TG (r = 0.276, P < 0.01 and r = 0.295, P < 0.01, respectively). ICAM-1 was associated with PRDX2 and log PRDX6 (r = 0.345, P = 0.0037 and r = 0.344, P = 0.0038). Our results provide strong links among PRDXs, ED, and severity of PAD in diabetic patients which warrants further evaluation to clarify whether high circulating levels of PRDXs are a consequence of chronic atherosclerotic disease or a predisposing factor for later cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman El Eter
- Physiology Department, Medical College and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 2925(29), Riyadh, 11464, Saudi Arabia,
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Elkharaz J, Ugun-Klusek A, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Lawler K, Mayer RJ, Billett E, Lowe J, Bedford L. Implications for oxidative stress and astrocytes following 26S proteasomal depletion in mouse forebrain neurones. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1930-8. [PMID: 23851049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration of selective neurones in the nervous system, but the underlying mechanisms involved in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration remain unclear. Dysfunction of the ubiquitin proteasome system is one of the proposed hypotheses for the cause and progression of neuronal loss. We have performed quantitative two-dimensional fluorescence difference in-gel electrophoresis combined with peptide mass fingerprinting to reveal proteome changes associated with neurodegeneration following 26S proteasomal depletion in mouse forebrain neurones. Differentially expressed proteins were validated by Western blotting, biochemical assays and immunohistochemistry. Of significance was increased expression of the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) in astrocytes, associated with oxidative stress. Interestingly, PRDX6 is a bifunctional enzyme with antioxidant peroxidase and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities. The PLA2 activity of PRDX6 was also increased following 26S proteasomal depletion and may be involved in neuroprotective or neurodegenerative mechanisms. This is the first in vivo report of oxidative stress caused directly by neuronal proteasome dysfunction in the mammalian brain. The results contribute to understanding neuronal-glial interactions in disease pathogenesis, provide an in vivo link between prominent disease hypotheses and importantly, are of relevance to a heterogeneous spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Elkharaz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Chillà A, Magherini F, Margheri F, Laurenzana A, Gamberi T, Bini L, Bianchi L, Danza G, Mazzanti B, Serratì S, Modesti A, Del Rosso M, Fibbi G. Proteomic identification of VEGF-dependent protein enrichment to membrane caveolar-raft microdomains in endothelial progenitor cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1926-38. [PMID: 23572564 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.024638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell caveolar-rafts are considered functional platforms that recruit several pro-angiogenic molecules to realize an efficient angiogenic program. Here we studied the differential caveolar-raft protein composition of endothelial colony-forming cells following stimulation with VEGF, which localizes in caveolae on interaction with its type-2 receptor. Endothelial colony-forming cells are a cell population identified in human umbilical blood that show all the properties of an endothelial progenitor cell and a high proliferative rate. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis was coupled with mass spectrometry to identify candidate proteins. The twenty-eight differentially expressed protein spots were grouped according to their function using Gene Ontology classification. In particular, functional categories relative to cell death inhibition and hydrogen peroxide metabolic processes resulted enriched. In these categories, Peroxiredoxin-2 and 6, that control hydrogen peroxide metabolic processes, are the main enriched molecules together with the anti-apoptotic 78 kDa glucose regulated protein. Some of the proteins we identified had never before identified as caveolar-raft components. Other identified proteins include calpain small subunit-1, known to mediates angiogenic response to VEGF, gelsolin, which regulates stress fiber assembly, and annexin A3, an angiogenic mediator that induces VEGF production. We validated the functional activity of the above proteins, showing that the siRNA silencing of these resulted in the inhibition of capillary morphogenesis. Overall, our data show that VEGF stimulation triggers the caveolar-raft recruitment of proteins that warrant a physiological amount of reactive oxygen species to maintain a proper angiogenic function of endothelial colony-forming cells and preserve the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Chillà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Lee I, Dodia C, Chatterjee S, Zagorski J, Mesaros C, Blair IA, Feinstein SI, Jain M, Fisher AB. A novel nontoxic inhibitor of the activation of NADPH oxidase reduces reactive oxygen species production in mouse lung. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 345:284-96. [PMID: 23475902 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.201079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
1-Hexadecyl-3-trifluoroethylglycero-sn-2-phosphomethanol (MJ33) is a fluorinated phospholipid analog that inhibits the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6). Prdx6 PLA2 activity is required for activation of NADPH oxidase 2 and subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro, MJ33 inhibited agonist-stimulated production of ROS by the isolated perfused mouse lung, lung microvascular endothelial cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. MJ33 (0.02-0.5 µmol MJ33/kg body weight) in mixed unilamellar liposomes was administered to C57BL/6 mice by either intratracheal (i.t.) or i.v. routes. Lung MJ33 content, measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy, showed uptake of 67-87% of the injected dose for i.t. and 23-42% for i.v. administration at 4 hours postinjection. PLA2 activity of lung homogenates was markedly inhibited (>85%) at 4 hours postadministration. Both MJ33 content and PLA2 activity gradually returned to near control levels over the subsequent 24-72 hours. Mice treated with MJ33 at 12.5-25 µmol/kg did not show changes (compared with control) in clinical symptomatology, body weight, hematocrit, and histology of lung, liver, and kidney during a 30- to 50-day observation period. Thus, the toxic dose of MJ33 was >25 µmol/kg, whereas the PLA2 inhibitory dose was approximately 0.02 µmol/kg, indicating a high margin of safety. MJ33 administered to mice prior to lung isolation markedly reduced ROS production and tissue lipid and protein oxidation during ischemia followed by reperfusion. Thus, MJ33 could be useful as a therapeutic agent to prevent ROS-mediated tissue injury associated with lung inflammation or in harvested lungs prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intae Lee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Krishnaiah SY, Dodia C, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB. p67(phox) terminates the phospholipase A(2)-derived signal for activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX2). FASEB J 2013; 27:2066-73. [PMID: 23401562 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-222133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2)activity of phosphorylated peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is required for activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX2). We investigated the interaction of Prdx6 with p67(phox) and its effect on NOX2 activity. With the use of specific antibodies, coimmunoprecipitation of p67(phox) and phosphorylated Prdx6 was demonstrated with lysates of mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPMVECs) that were stimulated with angiotensin II; the interaction of p67(phox) with nonphosphorylated Prdx6 was relatively weak. Association of p67(phox) and phosphoPrdx6 in intact MPMVECs after angiotensin II stimulation was demonstrated by proximity ligation assay and was abolished by U0126, a MAP kinase inhibitor. By isothermal titration calorimetry, p67(phox) bound strongly to phosphoPrdx6 but bound poorly to Prdx6; phosphorylated p67(phox) did not bind to either Prdx6 or phosphoPrdx6. PLA2 activity of recombinant phosphoPrdx6 was decreased by >98% in the presence of p67(phox); the calculated dissociation constant (Kd) of the p67(phox): phosphoPrdx6 complex was 65 nM. PLA2 activity (MJ33 sensitive) in cell lysates following angiotensin II treatment of MPMVECs was increased by 85% following knockdown of p67(phox) with siRNA. These data indicate that p67(phox) binds to phosphoPrdx6 and inhibits its PLA2 activity, an interaction that could function to terminate the PLA2-mediated NOX2 activation signal.-Krishnaiah, S. Y., Dodia, C., Feinstein, S. I., and Fisher, A. B. p67(phox) terminates the phospholipase A2-derived signal for activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikumari Y Krishnaiah
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Zhou S, Lien YC, Shuvaeva T, DeBolt K, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB. Functional interaction of glutathione S-transferase pi and peroxiredoxin 6 in intact cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:401-7. [PMID: 23164639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a 1-Cys member of the peroxiredoxin superfamily that plays an important role in antioxidant defense. Glutathionylation of recombinant Prdx6 mediated by π glutathione S-transferase (GST) is required for reduction of the oxidized Cys and completion of the peroxidatic catalytic cycle in vitro. This study investigated the requirement for πGST in intact cells. Transfection with a plasmid construct expressing πGST into MCF7, a cell line that lacks endogenous πGST, significantly increased phospholipid peroxidase activity as measured in cell lysates and protected intact cells against a peroxidative stress. siRNA knockdown indicated that this increased peroxidase activity was Prdx6 dependent. Interaction between πGST and Prdx6, evaluated by the Duolink Proximity Ligation Assay, was minimal under basal conditions but increased dramatically following treatment of cells with the oxidant, tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Interaction was abolished by mutation of C47, the active site for Prdx6 peroxidase activity. Depletion of cellular GSH by treatment of cells with buthionine sulfoximine had no effect on the interaction of Prdx6 and πGST. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidation of the catalytic cysteine in Prdx6 is required for its interaction with πGST and that the interaction plays an important role in regenerating the peroxidase activity of Prdx6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suiping Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6068, United States
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Effects of buyang huanwu decoction on ventricular remodeling and differential protein profile in a rat model of myocardial infarction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:385247. [PMID: 23049607 PMCID: PMC3459299 DOI: 10.1155/2012/385247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) is a well-known and canonical Chinese medicine formula from “Correction on Errors in Medical Classics” in Qing dynasty. Here, we show that BYHWD could alleviate the ventricular remodeling induced by left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation in rats. BYHWD treatment (18 g/kg/day) decreased heart weight/body weight (HW/BW), left ventricle (LV) dimension at end diastole (LVDd) and increased LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV fractional shortening (LVFS) significantly compared to model group at the end of 12 weeks. The collagen volume of BYHWD group was more significantly decreased than that of model group. Proteomic analysis showed that atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) was downregulated; heat shock protein beta-6 (HSPB6) and peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6) were upregulated in BYHWD-treated group among successfully identified proteins. The apoptotic index (AI) was reduced by BYHWD accompanied by decreased expression of Bax and caspase 3 activity, increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and phosphorylation of HSPB6 compared to that of model group. Taken together, these results suggest that BYHWD can alleviate ventricular remodeling induced by LAD artery ligation. The antiremodeling effects of BYHWD are conferred by decreasing AI through affecting multiple targets including increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreased caspase 3 activity that might be via upregulated PRDX6, phosphorylation of HSPB6 and subsequently reduction of ANF.
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