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Wei Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yang Z, Wang Z, Hao Y, Li G, Gao F, Ye G, Wang J, Liu J. New insight into molecular mechanisms of different polyphenols affecting Sirtuin 3 deacetylation activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132026. [PMID: 38704074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Multiple phenolic substances have been shown to promote SIRT3 expression, however, few studies have focused on the effects of these phenolics on SIRT3 enzyme activity. This study constructed a variety of reaction systems to elucidate the mechanisms by which different polyphenols affect SIRT3 enzyme activity. The results showed that acP53317-320 was the most suitable substrate among the five acetylated peptide substrates (Kcat/Km = 74.85 ± 1.86 M-1•s-1). All the phenolic compounds involved in the experiment inhibited the enzymatic activity of SIRT3, and the lowest IC50 among them was quercetin (0.12 ± 0.01 mM) and the highest was piceatannol (1.29 ± 0.08 mM). Their inhibition types were mainly competitive and mixed. In addition, piceatannol was found to be a natural SIRT3 agonist by enzyme kinetic analysis and validation of deacetylation efficiency. This study will provide a useful reference for polyphenol modulation of SIRT3 dosage, as well as the development and application of polyphenol-based SIRT3 activators and agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yiman Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yiming Hao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Genying Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Gaoqi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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2
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de Cavanagh EMV, Inserra F, Ferder L. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors positively impact on multiple aging regulatory pathways: Could they be used to protect against human aging? Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16094. [PMID: 38924381 PMCID: PMC11200104 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-a classical blood pressure regulator-largely contributes to healthy organ development and function. Besides, RAS activation promotes age-related changes and age-associated diseases, which are attenuated/abolished by RAS-blockade in several mammalian species. RAS-blockers also increase rodent lifespan. In previous work, we discussed how RAS-blockade downregulates mTOR and growth hormone/IGF-1 signaling, and stimulates AMPK activity (together with klotho, sirtuin, and vitamin D-receptor upregulation), and proposed that at least some of RAS-blockade's aging benefits are mediated through regulation of these intermediaries and their signaling to mitochondria. Here, we included RAS-blockade's impact on other aging regulatory pathways, that is, TGF-ß, NF-kB, PI3K, MAPK, PKC, Notch, and Wnt, all of which affect mitochondria. No direct evidence is available on RAS/RAS-blockade-aging regulatory pathway-mitochondria interactions. However, existing results allow to conjecture that RAS-blockers neutralize mitochondrial dysfunction by acting on the discussed pathways. The reviewed evidence led us to propose that the foundation is laid for conducting clinical trials aimed at testing whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)-even at subclinical doses-offer the possibility to live longer and in better health. As ACEi and ARB are low cost and well-tolerated anti-hypertension therapies in use for over 35 years, investigating their administration to attenuate/prevent aging effects seems simple to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Inserra
- Department of MedicineMaimonides UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
- Master of Vascular Mechanics and Arterial Hypertension, Postgraduate DepartmentAustral UniversityPilarArgentina
| | - León Ferder
- Department of MedicineMaimonides UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
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3
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Cordani M, Garufi A, Benedetti R, Tafani M, Aventaggiato M, D’Orazi G, Cirone M. Recent Advances on Mutant p53: Unveiling Novel Oncogenic Roles, Degradation Pathways, and Therapeutic Interventions. Biomolecules 2024; 14:649. [PMID: 38927053 PMCID: PMC11201733 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is the master regulator of cellular integrity, primarily due to its tumor-suppressing functions. Approximately half of all human cancers carry mutations in the TP53 gene, which not only abrogate the tumor-suppressive functions but also confer p53 mutant proteins with oncogenic potential. The latter is achieved through so-called gain-of-function (GOF) mutations that promote cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance by deregulating transcriptional networks, signaling pathways, metabolism, immune surveillance, and cellular compositions of the microenvironment. Despite recent progress in understanding the complexity of mutp53 in neoplastic development, the exact mechanisms of how mutp53 contributes to cancer development and how they escape proteasomal and lysosomal degradation remain only partially understood. In this review, we address recent findings in the field of oncogenic functions of mutp53 specifically regarding, but not limited to, its implications in metabolic pathways, the secretome of cancer cells, the cancer microenvironment, and the regulating scenarios of the aberrant proteasomal degradation. By analyzing proteasomal and lysosomal protein degradation, as well as its connection with autophagy, we propose new therapeutical approaches that aim to destabilize mutp53 proteins and deactivate its oncogenic functions, thereby providing a fundamental basis for further investigation and rational treatment approaches for TP53-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessia Garufi
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.T.); (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.T.); (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Aventaggiato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.T.); (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, 00131 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.T.); (M.A.); (M.C.)
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4
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Magrì A, Lipari CLR, Caccamo A, Battiato G, Conti Nibali S, De Pinto V, Guarino F, Messina A. AAV-mediated upregulation of VDAC1 rescues the mitochondrial respiration and sirtuins expression in a SOD1 mouse model of inherited ALS. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:178. [PMID: 38627359 PMCID: PMC11021507 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction represents one of the most common molecular hallmarks of both sporadic and familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the selective degeneration and death of motor neurons. The accumulation of misfolded proteins on and within mitochondria, as observed for SOD1 G93A mutant, correlates with a drastic reduction of mitochondrial respiration and the inhibition of metabolites exchanges, including ADP/ATP and NAD+/NADH, across the Voltage-Dependent Anion-selective Channel 1 (VDAC1), the most abundant channel protein of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Here, we show that the AAV-mediated upregulation of VDAC1 in the spinal cord of transgenic mice expressing SOD1 G93A completely rescues the mitochondrial respiratory profile. This correlates with the increased activity and levels of key regulators of mitochondrial functions and maintenance, namely the respiratory chain Complex I and the sirtuins (Sirt), especially Sirt3. Furthermore, the selective increase of these mitochondrial proteins is associated with an increase in Tom20 levels, the receptor subunit of the TOM complex. Overall, our results indicate that the overexpression of VDAC1 has beneficial effects on ALS-affected tissue by stabilizing the Complex I-Sirt3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Magrì
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
- we.MitoBiotech s.r.l., C.so Italia 172, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lucia Rita Lipari
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Caccamo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 32, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battiato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Conti Nibali
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito De Pinto
- we.MitoBiotech s.r.l., C.so Italia 172, 95125, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Guarino
- we.MitoBiotech s.r.l., C.so Italia 172, 95125, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy.
- we.MitoBiotech s.r.l., C.so Italia 172, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Dang Z, Li H, Xue S, Shao B, Ning Y, Su G, Zhang F, Yu W, Leng S. Histone deacetylase 9-mediated phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells is a potential target for treating aortic aneurysm/dissection. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116396. [PMID: 38460370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm/dissection (AAD) is a serious cardiovascular condition characterized by rapid onset and high mortality rates. Currently, no effective drug treatment options are known for AAD. AAD pathogenesis is associated with the phenotypic transformation and abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, endogenous factors that contribute to AAD progression remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) in AAD pathogenesis. HDAC9 expression was considerably increased in human thoracic aortic dissection specimens. Using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that HDAC9 transcriptionally inhibited the expression of superoxide dismutase 2 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3, which are critically involved in various signaling pathways. Furthermore, HDAC9 triggered the transformation of VSMCs from a systolic to synthetic phenotype, increasing their proliferation and migration abilities and suppressing their apoptosis. Consistent with these results, in vivo experiments revealed that TMP195, a pharmacological inhibitor of HDAC9, suppressed the formation of the β-aminopropionitrile-induced AAD phenotype in mice. Our findings indicate that HDAC9 may be a novel endogenous risk factor that promotes the onset of AAD by mediating the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. Therefore, HDAC9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for drug-based AAD treatment. Furthermore, TMP195 holds potential as a therapeutic agent for AAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiao Dang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Haijie Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Shishan Xue
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Baowei Shao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Yansong Ning
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Guohai Su
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Fengquan Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China.
| | - Wenqian Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China.
| | - Shuai Leng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China.
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6
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Kordowitzki P, Graczyk S, Haghani A, Klutstein M. Oocyte Aging: A Multifactorial Phenomenon in A Unique Cell. Aging Dis 2024; 15:5-21. [PMID: 37307833 PMCID: PMC10796106 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The oocyte is considered to be the largest cell in mammalian species. Women hoping to become pregnant face a ticking biological clock. This is becoming increasingly challenging as an increase in life expectancy is accompanied by the tendency to conceive at older ages. With advancing maternal age, the fertilized egg will exhibit lower quality and developmental competence, which contributes to increased chances of miscarriage due to several causes such as aneuploidy, oxidative stress, epigenetics, or metabolic disorders. In particular, heterochromatin in oocytes and with it, the DNA methylation landscape undergoes changes. Further, obesity is a well-known and ever-increasing global problem as it is associated with several metabolic disorders. More importantly, both obesity and aging negatively affect female reproduction. However, among women, there is immense variability in age-related decline of oocytes' quantity, developmental competence, or quality. Herein, the relevance of obesity and DNA-methylation will be discussed as these aspects have a tremendous effect on female fertility, and it is a topic of continuous and widespread interest that has yet to be fully addressed for the mammalian oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Kordowitzki
- Department of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
| | - Szymon Graczyk
- Department of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
| | - Amin Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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7
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Liu Y, Wei H, Li J. A review on SIRT3 and its natural small molecule activators as a potential Preventive and therapeutic target. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176155. [PMID: 37914065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) were originally characterized by yeast Sir2 as a lifespan regulator that is conserved in all three structural domains of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes and belong to histone deacetylases consisting of seven members (SIRT1-SIRT7). Surprisingly, SIRTs have been shown to play important regulatory roles in almost all cellular functions, including mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell growth, energy metabolism, neural function, and stress resistance. Among the SIRT members, sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is one of the most important deacetylases that regulates the mitochondrial acetylation and plays a role in pathological processes, such as metabolism, DNA repair, oxidative stress, apoptosis and ferroptosis. Therefore, SIRT3 is considered as a potential target for the treatment of a variety of pathological diseases, including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, age-related diseases and others. Furthermore, the isolation, screening, and development of SIRT3 signaling agonists, especially from natural products, have become a widely investigated objective. This paper describes the structure of SIRT3 protein, discusses the pathological process of SIRT3-mediated acetylation modification, and reviews the role of SIRT3 in diseases, SIRT3 activators and its related disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haidong Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150030, China.
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8
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Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Piñero-Pérez R, Romero-Domínguez JM, Reche-López D, López-Cabrera A, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Munuera-Cabeza M, Talaverón-Rey M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Romero-González A, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Mitochondrial Quality Control via Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (mtUPR) in Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1789. [PMID: 38136659 PMCID: PMC10741690 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in cellular functions, including energy production and oxidative stress regulation. For this reason, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and proteostasis (homeostasis of the proteome) is essential for cellular health. Therefore, there are different mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs), mitophagy, or mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR). The last item is a stress response that occurs when stress is present within mitochondria and, especially, when the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix surpasses the folding capacity of the mitochondrion. In response to this, molecular chaperones and proteases as well as the mitochondrial antioxidant system are activated to restore mitochondrial proteostasis and cellular function. In disease contexts, mtUPR modulation holds therapeutic potential by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction. In particular, in the case of neurodegenerative diseases, such as primary mitochondrial diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), or Friedreich's Ataxia (FA), there is a wealth of evidence demonstrating that the modulation of mtUPR helps to reduce neurodegeneration and its associated symptoms in various cellular and animal models. These findings underscore mtUPR's role as a promising therapeutic target in combating these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.C.-H.); (D.G.-F.); (R.P.-P.); (J.M.R.-D.); (D.R.-L.); (A.L.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (M.M.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (A.S.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
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9
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Mohan MS, Aswani SS, Aparna NS, Boban PT, Sudhakaran PR, Saja K. Effect of acute cold exposure on cardiac mitochondrial function: role of sirtuins. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2257-2270. [PMID: 36781815 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac function depends mainly on mitochondrial metabolism. Cold conditions increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases by increasing blood pressure. Adaptive thermogenesis leads to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and function in skeletal muscles and adipocytes. Here, we studied the effect of acute cold exposure on cardiac mitochondrial function and its regulation by sirtuins. Significant increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number as measured by the ratio between mitochondrial-coded COX-II and nuclear-coded cyclophilin A gene expression by qRT-PCR and increase in the expression of PGC-1α, a mitochondriogenic factor and its downstream target NRF-1 were observed on cold exposure. This was associated with an increase in the activity of SIRT-1, which is known to activate PGC-1α. Mitochondrial SIRT-3 was also upregulated. Increase in sirtuin activity was reflected in total protein acetylome, which decreased in cold-exposed cardiac tissue. An increase in mitochondrial MnSOD further indicated enhanced mitochondrial function. Further evidence for this was obtained from ex vivo studies of cardiac tissue treated with norepinephrine, which caused a significant increase in mitochondrial MnSOD and SIRT-3. SIRT-3 appears to mediate the regulation of MnSOD, as treatment with AGK-7, a SIRT-3 inhibitor reversed the norepinephrine-induced upregulation of MnSOD. It, therefore, appears that SIRT-3 activation in response to SIRT-1-PGC-1α activation contributes to the regulation of cardiac mitochondrial activity during acute cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithra S Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - S S Aswani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - N S Aparna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - P T Boban
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - P R Sudhakaran
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - K Saja
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India.
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10
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Ježek P. Pitfalls of Mitochondrial Redox Signaling Research. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1696. [PMID: 37759999 PMCID: PMC10525995 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox signaling from mitochondria (mt) to the cytosol and plasma membrane (PM) has been scarcely reported, such as in the case of hypoxic cell adaptation or (2-oxo-) 2-keto-isocaproate (KIC) β-like-oxidation stimulating insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Mutual redox state influence between mitochondrial major compartments, the matrix and the intracristal space, and the cytosol is therefore derived theoretically in this article to predict possible conditions, when mt-to-cytosol and mt-to-PM signals may occur, as well as conditions in which the cytosolic redox signaling is not overwhelmed by the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity. Possible peroxiredoxin 3 participation in mt-to-cytosol redox signaling is discussed, as well as another specific case, whereby mitochondrial superoxide release is diminished, whereas the matrix MnSOD is activated. As a result, the enhanced conversion to H2O2 allows H2O2 diffusion into the cytosol, where it could be a predominant component of the H2O2 release. In both of these ways, mt-to-cytosol and mt-to-PM signals may be realized. Finally, the use of redox-sensitive probes is discussed, which disturb redox equilibria, and hence add a surplus redox-buffering to the compartment, where they are localized. Specifically, when attempts to quantify net H2O2 fluxes are to be made, this should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, No. 75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Myakala K, Wang XX, Shults NV, Krawczyk E, Jones BA, Yang X, Rosenberg AZ, Ginley B, Sarder P, Brodsky L, Jang Y, Na CH, Qi Y, Zhang X, Guha U, Wu C, Bansal S, Ma J, Cheema A, Albanese C, Hirschey MD, Yoshida T, Kopp JB, Panov J, Levi M. NAD metabolism modulates inflammation and mitochondria function in diabetic kidney disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104975. [PMID: 37429506 PMCID: PMC10413283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of cardiovascular and renal disease in the United -States. Despite the beneficial interventions available for patients with diabetes, there remains a need for additional therapeutic targets and therapies in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Inflammation and oxidative stress are increasingly recognized as important causes of renal diseases. Inflammation is closely associated with mitochondrial damage. The molecular connection between inflammation and mitochondrial metabolism remains to be elucidated. Recently, nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD+) metabolism has been found to regulate immune function and inflammation. In the present studies, we tested the hypothesis that enhancing NAD metabolism could prevent inflammation in and progression of DKD. We found that treatment of db/db mice with type 2 diabetes with nicotinamide riboside (NR) prevented several manifestations of kidney dysfunction (i.e., albuminuria, increased urinary kidney injury marker-1 (KIM1) excretion, and pathologic changes). These effects were associated with decreased inflammation, at least in part via inhibiting the activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway. An antagonist of the serum stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and whole-body STING deletion in diabetic mice showed similar renoprotection. Further analysis found that NR increased SIRT3 activity and improved mitochondrial function, which led to decreased mitochondrial DNA damage, a trigger for mitochondrial DNA leakage which activates the cGAS-STING pathway. Overall, these data show that NR supplementation boosted NAD metabolism to augment mitochondrial function, reducing inflammation and thereby preventing the progression of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komuraiah Myakala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Xiaoxin X Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
| | - Nataliia V Shults
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Bryce A Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon Ginley
- Departments of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, SUNY, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Pinaki Sarder
- Department of Medicine-Quantitative Health, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Leonid Brodsky
- Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yura Jang
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yue Qi
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Udayan Guha
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington District of Columbia, USA
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington District of Columbia, USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington District of Columbia, USA
| | - Amrita Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington District of Columbia, USA
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington District of Columbia, USA
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Panov
- Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
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12
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Dikalov SI, Gutor S, Dikalova AE. Pathological mechanisms of cigarette smoking, dietary, and sedentary lifestyle risks in vascular dysfunction: mitochondria as a common target of risk factors. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:857-866. [PMID: 36995495 PMCID: PMC10911751 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
In the past century, the lifespan of the human population has dramatically increased to the 80 s, but it is hindered by a limited health span to the 60 s due to an epidemic increase in the cardiovascular disease which is a main cause of morbidity and mortality. We cannot underestimate the progress in understanding the major cardiovascular risk factors which include cigarette smoking, dietary, and sedentary lifestyle risks. Despite their clinical significance, these modifiable risk factors are still the major contributors to cardiovascular disease. It is, therefore, important to understand the specific molecular mechanisms behind their pathological effects to develop new therapies to improve the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In recent years, our group and others have made a progress in understanding how these risk factors can promote endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle dysregulation, vascular inflammation, hypertension, lung, and heart diseases. These factors, despite differences in their nature, lead to stereotypical alterations in vascular metabolism and function. Interestingly, cigarette smoking has a tremendous impact on a very distant site from the initial epithelial exposure, namely circulation and vascular cells mediated by a variety of stable cigarette smoke components which promote vascular oxidative stress and alter vascular metabolism and function. Similarly, dietary and sedentary lifestyle risks facilitate vascular cell metabolic reprogramming promoting vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction. Mitochondria are critical in cellular metabolism, and in this work, we discuss a new concept that mitochondria are a common pathobiological target for these risk factors, and mitochondria-targeted treatments may have a therapeutic effect in the patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, PRB 554, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Sergey Gutor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, PRB 554, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Anna E Dikalova
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, PRB 554, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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13
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Hao K, Chen F, Zhao L, Xu S, Xiong Y, Xu R, Xie X, Huang H, Shu C, Liu Z, Wang H, Wang G. Nicotinamide ameliorates mitochondria-related neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairment via the NAD +/SIRT3 pathway. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:32. [PMID: 37210391 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondria play a central role in mental health disorders including schizophrenia. Here we investigated whether nicotinamide (NAM) normalized cognitive impairment via a mechanism involving the mitochondrial Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) pathway. The 24 h maternal separation (MS) rat model was used to mimic schizophrenia-associate phenotypes. Schizophrenia-like behaviors and memory impairments were detected using the pre-pulse inhibition test, novel object recognition test, and Barnes maze test, and neuronal apoptosis was characterized using multiple assays. SIRT3 activity was inhibited pharmacologically or by knockdown in HT22 cells, and BV2 microglia and SIRT3-knockdown HT22 cells were co-cultured in vitro. Mitochondrial molecules were measured by western blotting, and mitochondrial damage was measured with reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. Proinflammatory cytokines were assayed by ELISA and microglial activation was detected by immunofluorescence. MS animals showed behavioral and cognitive impairment and increased neuronal apoptosis. Supplementation with NAM or administration of honokiol, a SIRT3 activator, reversed all of the changes in behavioral and neuronal phenotypes. Administration of the SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP in control and NAM-treated MS rats caused behavioral and neuronal phenotypes similar to MS. In vitro, inhibition of SIRT3 activity with 3-TYP or by knockdown in HT22 cells increased ROS accumulation and caused neuronal apoptosis in a single-culture system. In co-culture systems, SIRT3 knockdown in HT22 cells activated BV2 microglia and increased levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. The administration of NAM blocked these alterations. Taken together, these data suggest that NAM can rescue neuronal apoptosis and microglial over-activation through the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-SIRT3-SOD2 signaling pathway, furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and providing avenues for novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Fashuai Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Linyao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, 430071, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Institute of Neurology and Psychiatry Research, 430060, Wuhan, China.
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14
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Allen AR, Jones A'V, LoBianco FV, Krager KJ, Aykin-Burns N. Effect of Sirt3 on hippocampal MnSOD activity, mitochondrial function, physiology, and cognition in an aged murine model. Behav Brain Res 2023; 444:114335. [PMID: 36804441 PMCID: PMC10081808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase SIRT3 is a proven mitochondrial metabolic stress sensor. It has been linked to the regulation of the mitochondrial acetylome and activation of several metabolic enzymes (e.g., manganese superoxide dismutase [MnSOD]) to protect mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis, which are vital for survival, excitability, and synaptic signaling of neurons mediating short- and long-term memory formation as well as retention. Eighteen-month-old male and female wild-type (WT) and Sirt3-/- mice were behaviorally tested for hippocampus-dependent cognitive performance in a Morris water maze paradigm. Cognitive impairment was displayed during the probe trial by female and male Sirt3-/- mice but not WT mice. Upon sacrifice, brains were fixed, and morphological assessments were conducted on hippocampal tissues. Both female and male Sirt3-/- mice demonstrated impaired spatial memory retention implying that SIRT3 plays a role in long-term memory function. Golgi-staining studies revealed decreased dendritic arborization and dendritic length in the hippocampi of male Sirt3-/- compared to WT animals. Sirt3 deletion significantly increased NR1, NR2A, and NR2B expression in the hippocampus of female mice only. Enzymatic activity of MnSOD, a major mitochondrial deacetylation target of SIRT3, was significantly decreased in both female and male Sirt3-/- mice. Similarly, both female and male Sirt3-/- mice demonstrated a significant decrease in their respiratory control ratio during Complex I-driven respiration, which was apparent only in female Sirt3-/- mice during Complex II-driven respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antiño R Allen
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - A 'Vonte Jones
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Francesca V LoBianco
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Kimberly J Krager
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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15
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Zou H, Qu H, Bian Y, Sun J, Wang T, Ma Y, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Liu Z. Polystyrene Microplastics Induce Oxidative Stress in Mouse Hepatocytes in Relation to Their Size. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087382. [PMID: 37108543 PMCID: PMC10138773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics have become a new type of environmental pollutant that can accumulate in various tissues and organs of the body and cause chronic damage. In this study, two different size polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs, 5 μm and 0.5 μm) exposure models were established in mice to investigate the effects of PS-MPs with different particle sizes on oxidative stress in the liver. The results showed that PS-MPs exposure caused a decrease in body weight and liver-to-body weight. The hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy results showed that exposure to PS-MPs led to the disorganized cellular structure of liver tissue, nuclear crinkling, and mitochondrial vacuolation. The extent of damage in the 5 μm PS-MP exposure group was more extensive when compared with the other group. The evaluation of oxidative-stress-related indicators showed that PS-MPs exposure exacerbated oxidative stress in hepatocytes, especially in the 5 μm PS-MPs group. The expression of oxidative-stress-related proteins sirtuin 3(SIRT3) and superoxide dismutase (SOD2) was significantly reduced, and the reduction was more pronounced in the 5 μm PS-MPs group. In conclusion, PS-MPs exposure led to oxidative stress in mouse hepatocytes and caused more severe damage in the 5 μm PS-MPs group when compared with the 0.5 μm PS-MPs group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huayi Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yusheng Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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16
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Sarkar A, Rasheed MSU, Singh MP. Redox Modulation of Mitochondrial Proteins in the Neurotoxicant Models of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:824-852. [PMID: 36401516 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondrial proteins regulate the oxidative phosphorylation, cellular metabolism, and free radical generation. Redox modulation alters the mitochondrial proteins and instigates the damage to dopaminergic neurons. Toxicants contribute to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis in conjunction with aging and genetic factors. While oxidative modulation of a number of mitochondrial proteins is linked to xenobiotic exposure, little is known about its role in the toxicant-induced PD. Understanding the role of redox modulation of mitochondrial proteins in complex cellular events leading to neurodegeneration is highly relevant. Recent Advances: Many toxicants are shown to inhibit complex I or III and elicit free radical production that alters the redox status of mitochondrial proteins. Implication of redox modulation of the mitochondrial proteins makes them a target to comprehend the underlying mechanism of toxicant-induced PD. Critical Issues: Owing to multifactorial etiology, exploration of onset and progression and treatment outcomes needs a comprehensive approach. The article explains about a few mitochondrial proteins that undergo redox changes along with the promising strategies, which help to alleviate the toxicant-induced redox imbalance leading to neurodegeneration. Future Directions: Although mitochondrial proteins are linked to PD, their role in toxicant-induced parkinsonism is not yet completely known. Preservation of antioxidant defense machinery could alleviate the redox modulation of mitochondrial proteins. Targeted antioxidant delivery, use of metal chelators, and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and combinational therapy that encounters multiple free radicals, could ameliorate the redox modulation of mitochondrial proteins and thereby PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alika Sarkar
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mohd Sami Ur Rasheed
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mahendra Pratap Singh
- Toxicogenomics and Predictive Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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17
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Liu X, Xie X, Li D, Liu Z, Zhang B, Zang Y, Yuan H, Shen C. Sirt3-dependent regulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis contributes to the dysfunction of pancreatic islets after severe burns. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 198:59-67. [PMID: 36738799 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe burns are often complicated with hyperglycemia caused by mitochondrial oxidative stress-related pancreatic islet dysfunction. Silent information regulator of transcription 3 (Sirt3) can regulate mitochondrial oxidative stress. However, the role and mechanism of Sirt3 on islet function after severe burns remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether Sirt3 played a role in both mitochondrial oxidative stress in islets and mediating islet function post severe burns. METHODS A mouse model of 30% total body surface area full-thickness burn and an in vitro MIN6 cell hypoxia model were established. Sirt3 KO mice were used to demonstrate further the role of Sirt3 in maintaining redox homeostasis and regulating islet function. Fasting blood glucose and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were detected to assess the islet function. The levels of mitochondrial ROS and deacetylation, and the activities of Mn-SOD and IDH2 were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)was detected and the apoptosis rate measured. RESULTS In vitro MIN6 cells, the hypoxia treatment significantly reduced Sirt3 expression, resulting in increased deacetylation of Mn-SOD and IDH2, which further led to a higher level of mitochondrial ROS. In addition, hypoxia reduced MMP and increased apoptosis rate, which impaired GSIS eventually. Knockdown of Sirt3 caused similar alterations. The hypoxia-induced high level of mitochondrial ROS and apoptosis and impaired GSIS could be reversed by overexpression of Sirt3. Similarly, after severe burns, the expression of Sirt3 in islets decreased significantly with a high level of deacetylation of Mn-SOD, IDH2, mitochondrial ROS and apoptosis, and islet dysfunction. Oxidative stress and apoptosis also occurred in islets of Sirt3 KO mice, accompanied by islet dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Sirt3 and downstream signalling are critical in modulating the islet function post severe burns by regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaoye Xie
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhaoxing Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yu Zang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huageng Yuan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chuan'an Shen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
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18
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Zhou YJ, Tang Y, Liu SJ, Zeng PH, Qu L, Jing QC, Yin WJ. Radiation-induced liver disease: beyond DNA damage. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:506-526. [PMID: 36214587 PMCID: PMC9928481 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2131163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced liver disease (RILD), also known as radiation hepatitis, is a serious side effect of radiotherapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma. The therapeutic dose of RT can damage normal liver tissue, and the toxicity that accumulates around the irradiated liver tissue is related to numerous physiological and pathological processes. RILD may restrict treatment use or eventually deteriorate into liver fibrosis. However, the research on the mechanism of radiation-induced liver injury has seen little progress compared with that on radiation injury in other tissues, and no targeted clinical pharmacological treatment for RILD exists. The DNA damage response caused by ionizing radiation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of RILD. Therefore, in this review, we systematically summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in RILD. Such an analysis is essential for preventing the occurrence and development of RILD and further exploring the potential treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Si Jian Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Hui Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Cheng Jing
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Jun Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
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19
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Role of SIRT3 in Microgravity Response: A New Player in Muscle Tissue Recovery. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050691. [PMID: 36899828 PMCID: PMC10000945 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Life on Earth has evolved in the presence of a gravity constraint. Any change in the value of such a constraint has important physiological effects. Gravity reduction (microgravity) alters the performance of muscle, bone and, immune systems among others. Therefore, countermeasures to limit such deleterious effects of microgravity are needed considering future Lunar and Martian missions. Our study aims to demonstrate that the activation of mitochondrial Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) can be exploited to reduce muscle damage and to maintain muscle differentiation following microgravity exposure. To this effect, we used a RCCS machine to simulate microgravity on ground on a muscle and cardiac cell line. During microgravity, cells were treated with a newly synthesized SIRT3 activator, called MC2791 and vitality, differentiation, ROS and, autophagy/mitophagy were measured. Our results indicate that SIRT3 activation reduces microgravity-induced cell death while maintaining the expression of muscle cell differentiation markers. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that SIRT3 activation could represent a targeted molecular strategy to reduce muscle tissue damage caused by microgravity.
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Zhao S, Gong J, Wang Y, Heng N, Wang H, Hu Z, Wang H, Zhang H, Zhu H. Sirtuin 3 regulation: a target to alleviate β-hydroxybutyric acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in bovine granulosa cells. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:18. [PMID: 36788581 PMCID: PMC9926763 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the transition period, the insufficient dry matter intake and a sharply increased in energy consumption to produce large quantities of milk, high yielding cows would enter a negative energy balance (NEB) that causes an increase in ketone bodies (KBs) and decrease in reproduction efficiency. The excess concentrations of circulating KBs, represented by β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), could lead to oxidative damage, which potentially cause injury to follicular granulosa cells (fGCs) and delayed follicular development. Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) regulates mitochondria reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) homeostasis in a beneficial manner; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its involvement in the BHBA-induced injury of fGCs is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the protection effects and underlying mechanisms of Sirt3 against BHBA overload-induced damage of fGCs. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that 2.4 mmol/L of BHBA stress increased the levels of mitoROS in bovine fGCs. Further investigations identified the subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction, including an increased abnormal rate of mitochondrial architecture, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and Ca2+ release; these dysfunctions then triggered the caspase cascade reaction of apoptosis in fGCs. Notably, the overexpression of Sirt3 prior to treatment enhanced mitochondrial autophagy by increasing the expression levels of Beclin-1, thus preventing BHBA-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in fGCs. Furthermore, our data suggested that the AMPK-mTOR-Beclin-1 pathway may be involved in the protective mechanism of Sirt3 against cellular injury triggered by BHBA stimulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Sirt3 protects fGCs from BHBA-triggered injury by enhancing autophagy, attenuating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. This study provides new strategies to mitigate the fGCs injury caused by excessive BHBA stress in dairy cows with ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjiang Zhao
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfei Gong
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nuo Heng
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Hu
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haobo Zhang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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21
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Amponsah-Offeh M, Diaba-Nuhoho P, Speier S, Morawietz H. Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants and Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020281. [PMID: 36829839 PMCID: PMC9952760 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, hypertension remains a serious threat to global public health. Despite the availability of many antihypertensive medications, several hypertensive individuals are resistant to standard treatments, and are unable to control their blood pressure. Regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) controlling blood pressure, activation of the immune system triggering inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress and redox-sensitive signaling, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Thus, besides standard antihypertensive medications, which lower arterial pressure, antioxidant medications were tested to improve antihypertensive treatment. We review and discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension and the potential use of antioxidants in the management of hypertension and its associated organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amponsah-Offeh
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Diaba-Nuhoho
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Speier
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-4586625; Fax: +49-351-4586354
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22
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SIRT3 activation promotes enteric neurons survival and differentiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22076. [PMID: 36543902 PMCID: PMC9772335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric neuron degeneration has been observed during aging, and in individuals with metabolic dysfunction including obesity and diabetes. Honokiol, a naturally occurring compound, is an activator of Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) that has antioxidant activity. Its role in modulating enteric neuron-specific neurodegeneration is unknown. We studied the effects of honokiol and its fluorinated analog, hexafluoro-honokiol, on enteric neuronal differentiation and survival. We used a previously established model of mouse primary enteric neuronal cells and an enteric neuronal cell line treated with palmitate (PA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and enteric neuronal cell death. The effect of honokiol and hexafluoro-honokiol was assessed on neuronal phenotype, fiber density, differentiation, and pyroptosis. Honokiol and hexafluoro-honokiol significantly increased neuronal networks and fiber density in enteric neurons and increased levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and Choline acetyltransferase mRNA. Hexafluoro-honokiol and honokiol also significantly increased SIRT3 mRNA levels and suppressed palmitate and LPS-induced neuronal pyroptosis. SIRT3 knock-down prevented the hexafluoro-honokiol mediated suppression of mitochondrial superoxide release. Our data supports a neuroprotective effect of honokiol and its derivative and these could be used as prophylactic or therapeutic agents for treating enteric neurodegeneration and associated motility disorders.
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23
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Ning L, Rui X, Guorui L, Tinglv F, Donghang L, Chenzhen X, Xiaojing W, Qing G. A novel mechanism for the protection against acute lung injury by melatonin: mitochondrial quality control of lung epithelial cells is preserved through SIRT3-dependent deacetylation of SOD2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:610. [PMID: 36449070 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial quality control of lung epithelial cells is disturbed during sepsis, which contributes to abnormal mitochondrial function and acute lung injury. Melatonin is one of the primary hormones secreted by the pineal gland, displaying favorable antioxidative actions in sepsis and cardiopulmonary disease. However, the potential roles and molecular basis of melatonin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated lung epithelial cells have not been explored and reported. Herein, we investigated whether melatonin could protect against sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and LPS-treated lung epithelial cells through the mitochondrial quality control as well as its possible molecular targets. Wild type and Sirt3 knockout mice were intratracheally instilled with LPS for 12 h to construct an in vivo acute lung injury model. Both A549 lung epithelial cells and primary alveolar type II (AT-II) cells were used to explore the possible roles of melatonin in vitro by incubating with small interfering RNA against Sirt3. To determine the involvement of the melatonin receptor, cells and mice were treated with si Mtnr1b and luzindole. Melatonin pretreatment significantly inhibited pathological injury, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in LPS-treated lung tissues and LPS-treated lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, melatonin also shifted the dynamic course of mitochondria from fission to fusion, inhibited mitophagy and fatty acid oxidation in LPS-treated lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. However, SIRT3 inhibition abolished the protective roles of melatonin in acute lung injury. Mechanistically, we found that melatonin increased the activity and expression of SIRT3, which further promoted the deacetylation of SOD2 at K122 and K68. More importantly, melatonin exerted pulmonary protection by activating MTNR1B but not MTNR1A during ALI. Collectively, melatonin could preserve the mitochondrial quality control of lung epithelial cells through the deacetylation of SOD2 in a SIRT3-dependent manner, which eventually alleviated sepsis-induced injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Thus, melatonin may serve as a promising candidate against ALI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ning
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiong Rui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Guorui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Fu Tinglv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Donghang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xu Chenzhen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wu Xiaojing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Geng Qing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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24
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Doke T, Susztak K. The multifaceted role of kidney tubule mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney disease development. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:841-853. [PMID: 35473814 PMCID: PMC9464682 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 800 million people suffer from kidney disease. Genetic studies and follow-up animal models and cell biological experiments indicate the key role of proximal tubule metabolism. Kidneys have one of the highest mitochondrial densities. Mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitochondrial recycling, such as mitophagy are critical for proper mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to an energetic crisis, orchestrate different types of cell death (apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis), and influence cellular calcium levels and redox status. Collectively, mitochondrial defects in renal tubules contribute to epithelial atrophy, inflammation, or cell death, orchestrating kidney disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Doke
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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25
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Watroba M, Szukiewicz D. Sirtuins promote brain homeostasis, preventing Alzheimer’s disease through targeting neuroinflammation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:962769. [PMID: 36045741 PMCID: PMC9420839 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.962769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both basic pathomechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease and some premises for stipulating a possible preventive role of some sirtuins, especially SIRT1 and SIRT3, protective against Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology, are discussed in this article. Sirtuins can inhibit some processes that underlie Alzheimer’s disease-related molecular pathology (e.g., neuroinflammation, neuroinflammation-related oxidative stress, Aβ aggregate deposition, and neurofibrillary tangle formation), thus preventing many of those pathologic alterations at relatively early stages of their development. Subsequently, the authors discuss in details which mechanisms of sirtuin action may prevent the development of Alzheimer’s disease, thus promoting brain homeostasis in the course of aging. In addition, a rationale for boosting sirtuin activity, both with allosteric activators and with NAD+ precursors, has been presented.
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26
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Yapryntseva MA, Maximchik PV, Zhivotovsky B, Gogvadze V. Mitochondrial sirtuin 3 and various cell death modalities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:947357. [PMID: 35938164 PMCID: PMC9354933 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.947357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3, a member of the mammalian sirtuin family of proteins, is involved in the regulation of multiple processes in cells. It is a major mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase with a broad range of functions, such as regulation of oxidative stress, reprogramming of tumor cell energy pathways, and metabolic homeostasis. One of the intriguing functions of sirtuin 3 is the regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, a key step in apoptosis initiation/progression. Moreover, sirtuin 3 is involved in the execution of various cell death modalities, which makes sirtuin 3 a possible regulator of crosstalk between them. This review is focused on the role of sirtuin 3 as a target for tumor cell elimination and how mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Polina V. Maximchik
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Vladimir Gogvadze,
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27
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Sung JY, Kim SG, Kang YJ, Choi HC. Metformin mitigates stress-induced premature senescence by upregulating AMPKα at Ser485 phosphorylation induced SIRT3 expression and inactivating mitochondrial oxidants. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 206:111708. [PMID: 35863470 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is an important cause of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. These senescence may be triggered by many factors, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). Mitochondrial oxidative stress induces cellular senescence, but the mechanisms by which mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) regulates cellular senescence are still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanism responsible for the anti-aging effect of metformin by examining links between VSMC senescence and mtROS in in vitro and in vivo. Metformin was found to increase p-AMPK (Ser485), but to decrease senescence-associated phenotypes and protein levels of senescence markers during ADR-induced VSMC senescence. Importantly, metformin decreased mtROS by inducing the deacetylation of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) by increasing SIRT3 expression. Moreover, AMPK depletion reduced the expression of SIRT3 and increased the expression of acetylated SOD2 despite metformin treatment, suggesting AMPK activation by metformin is required to protect against mitochondrial oxidative stress by SIRT3. This study provides mechanistic evidence that metformin acts as an anti-aging agent and alleviates VSMC senescence by upregulating mitochondrial antioxidant induced p-AMPK (Ser485)-dependent SIRT3 expression, which suggests metformin has therapeutic potential for the treatment of age-associated vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Chul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Ma C, Zhao Y, Ding X, Gao B. Hypoxic Training Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Microcirculation Vascular Function in a Sirt3-Dependent Manner. Front Physiol 2022; 13:921763. [PMID: 35923237 PMCID: PMC9340254 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.921763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic training improves the microcirculation function of human skeletal muscle, but its mechanism is still unclear. Silent information regulator 2 homolog 3 (Sirt3) can improve mitochondrial function and oxidative status. We aimed to examine the role of Sirt3 in the process of hypoxic training, which affects skeletal muscle microcirculation. C57BL/6 mice were assigned to control (C), hypoxic training (HT), Sirt3 inhibitor 3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) pyridine (3-TYP), and 3-TYP + hypoxic training (3-TYP + HT) groups (n = 6/group). Sirt3 inhibition was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Sirt3 inhibitor 3-TYP. After 6 weeks of intervention, microcirculatory capillary formation and vasomotor capacity were evaluated using immunofluorescence, Western blot, biochemical tests, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to evaluate skeletal muscle microcirculation blood flow characteristics. Six weeks of hypoxic training enhanced skeletal muscle microcirculation function and increased microcirculatory vasodilation capacity and capillary formation. After the pharmacological inhibition of Sirt3, the reserve capacity of skeletal muscle microcirculation was reduced to varying degrees. After the inhibition of Sirt3, mice completed the same hypoxic training, and we failed to observe the microcirculation function adaptation like that observed in hypoxic training alone. The microcirculation vasodilation and the capillaries number did not improve. Hypoxic training improved skeletal muscle microcirculation vasodilation capacity and increased skeletal muscle microcirculation capillary density. Sirt3 is involved in the adaptation of skeletal muscle microcirculation induced by hypoxic training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Ma
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physical Education, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Yongcai Zhao
- College of Social Sport and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ding
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghong Gao
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Binghong Gao,
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29
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TLR4-SIRT3 Mechanism Modulates Mitochondrial and Redox Homeostasis and Promotes EPCs Recruitment and Survival. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1282362. [PMID: 35832490 PMCID: PMC9273456 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1282362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The low survival rate of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vivo which are susceptible to adverse microenvironments including inflammation and oxidative stress has become one primary challenge of EPCs transplantation for regenerative therapy. Recent studies reported functional expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 on EPCs and dose-dependent effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cellular oxidative stress and angiogenic properties. However, the involved mechanism has not yet been elucidated well, and the influence of TLR4 signaling on EPCs survival and function in vivo is unknown. In the present study, we observed the effects of LPS and TLR4/SIRT3 on EPCs mitochondrial permeability and intracellular mitochondrial superoxide. We employed the monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arteriolar injury model to observe the effects of TLR4/SIRT3 on the recruitment and survival of transplanted EPCs. We found the destructive effects of 10 μg/mL LPS on mitochondrial homeostasis, and cellular viability was mediated by TLR4/SIRT3 signals at least partially, and the TLR4 mediates the early-stage recruitment of transplanted EPCs in pulmonary arteriolar inflammation injury; however, SIRT3 has more contribution to the survival of incorporated EPCs and ameliorated arteriolar remodeling in lung vascular tissue. The study provides insights for the critical role of TLR4/SIRT3 in LPS-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial disorder in EPCs in vitro and in vivo. The TLR4/SIRT3 signaling is important for EPCs resistance against inflammation and oxidative stress and may represent a new manipulating target for developing efficient cell therapy strategy.
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30
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Zhao T, Lv WH, Hogstrand C, Zhang DG, Xu YC, Xu YH, Luo Z. Sirt3-Sod2-mROS-Mediated Manganese Triggered Hepatic Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Lipotoxicity in a Freshwater Teleost. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8020-8033. [PMID: 35653605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to excessive manganese (Mn) is toxic to humans and animals. However, the toxic effects and mechanisms of excessive Mn influencing the vertebrates have been highly overlooked. In the present study, dietary Mn overload significantly increased hepatic lipid and Mn contents, decreased superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) activity, increased the Sod2 acetylation level, and induced mitochondrial dysfunction; Mn induced mitochondrial dysfunction through Mtf1/sirtuin 3 (Sirt3)-mediated acetylation of Sod2 at the sites K55 and K70. Meanwhile, mitochondrial oxidative stress was involved in Mn-induced lipotoxicity. Mechanistically, Mn-induced lipotoxicity was via oxidative stress-induced Hsf1 nucleus translocation and its DNA binding capacity to the regions of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g (pparg) promoter, which in turn induced the transcription of lipogenic-related target genes. For the first time, our study demonstrated that Mn-induced hepatic lipotoxicity via a mitochondrial oxidative stress-dependent Hsf1/Pparg pathway and Mtf1/sirt3-mediated Sod2 acetylation participated in mitochondrial dysfunction. Considering that lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity are widely used as the biomarkers for environmental assessments of pollutants, our study provided innovative and important insights into Mn toxicological and environmental evaluation in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wu-Hong Lv
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Dian-Guang Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Chuang Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Huan Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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31
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Byun KA, Oh S, Yang JY, Lee SY, Son KH, Byun K. Ecklonia cava extracts decrease hypertension-related vascular calcification by modulating PGC-1α and SOD2. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113283. [PMID: 35717781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is induced by a decrease in sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)2 and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), eventually leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and phenotype alterations in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like cells in hypertension. Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) is known to increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and SOD2. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ECE on decreasing VC by increasing PGC-1α which increased SOD2 activity and decreased mtROS in an in vitro VSMC model of treating serums from Wistar Kyoto (WKY), spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs), and ECE-treated SHRs. Furthermore, the decreasing effect of ECE on VC was evaluated with an in vivo SHR model. PGC-1α expression, SIRT3 expression, and SOD2 activity were decreased by the serum from the SHRs and increased by the serum from the ECE-treated SHRs in the VSMCs. PGC-1α silencing eliminated those increases. mtROS generation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage increased in the SHRs but decreased with ECE. Mitochondrial fission increased in the SHRs but decreased by ECE. Mitochondrial fusion, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis were decreased in the SHRs but increased by ECE. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and calcium deposition in the medial layer of the aorta increased in the SHRs but decreased with ECE. Therefore, ECE decreases VC via the upregulation of PGC-1α and SIRT3, which increases SOD2 activity. Activated SOD2 decreases mtDNA damage and mtROS generation, which sequentially decreases NADPH oxidase activity and changes the mitochondrial dynamics, thereby decreasing VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Yang
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Wan W, Hua F, Fang P, Li C, Deng F, Chen S, Ying J, Wang X. Regulation of Mitophagy by Sirtuin Family Proteins: A Vital Role in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:845330. [PMID: 35615591 PMCID: PMC9124796 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.845330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are protein factors that can delay aging and alleviate age-related diseases through multiple molecular pathways, mainly by promoting DNA damage repair, delaying telomere shortening, and mediating the longevity effect of caloric restriction. In the last decade, sirtuins have also been suggested to exert mitochondrial quality control by mediating mitophagy, which targets damaged mitochondria and delivers them to lysosomes for degradation. This is especially significant for age-related diseases because dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate in aging organisms. Accordingly, it has been suggested that sirtuins and mitophagy have many common and interactive aspects in the aging process. This article reviews the mechanisms and pathways of sirtuin family-mediated mitophagy and further discusses its role in aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Pu Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fumou Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Shoulin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Jun Ying
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xifeng Wang
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Taurone S, De Ponte C, Rotili D, De Santis E, Mai A, Fiorentino F, Scarpa S, Artico M, Micera A. Biochemical Functions and Clinical Characterizations of the Sirtuins in Diabetes-Induced Retinal Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074048. [PMID: 35409409 PMCID: PMC8999941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is undoubtedly one of the most prominent causes of blindness worldwide. This pathology is the most frequent microvascular complication arising from diabetes, and its incidence is increasing at a constant pace. To date, the insurgence of DR is thought to be the consequence of the intricate complex of relations connecting inflammation, the generation of free oxygen species, and the consequent oxidative stress determined by protracted hyperglycemia. The sirtuin (SIRT) family comprises 7 histone and non-histone protein deacetylases and mono (ADP-ribosyl) transferases regulating different processes, including metabolism, senescence, DNA maintenance, and cell cycle regulation. These enzymes are involved in the development of various diseases such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular pathologies, metabolic disorders, and cancer. SIRT1, 3, 5, and 6 are key enzymes in DR since they modulate glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. Currently, indirect and direct activators of SIRTs (such as antagomir, glycyrrhizin, and resveratrol) are being developed to modulate the inflammation response arising during DR. In this review, we aim to illustrate the most important inflammatory and metabolic pathways connecting SIRT activity to DR, and to describe the most relevant SIRT activators that might be proposed as new therapeutics to treat DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Taurone
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, via Livenza 3, 00198 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-85-356-727; Fax: +39-06-84-242-333
| | - Chiara De Ponte
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.D.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (A.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Elena De Santis
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (A.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (A.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Susanna Scarpa
- Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.D.P.); (M.A.)
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Ogle MM, Trevino R, Schell J, Varmazyad M, Horikoshi N, Gius D. Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Acetylation and Regulation of Protein Structure in Breast Cancer Biology and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:635. [PMID: 35453320 PMCID: PMC9024550 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss and/or dysregulation of several cellular and mitochondrial antioxidants' expression or enzymatic activity, which leads to the aberrant physiological function of these proteins, has been shown to result in oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules. In this regard, it has been surmised that the disruption of mitochondrial networks responsible for maintaining normal metabolism is an established hallmark of cancer and a novel mechanism of therapy resistance. This altered metabolism leads to aberrant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, under specific physiological conditions, leads to a potential tumor-permissive cellular environment. In this regard, it is becoming increasingly clear that the loss or disruption of mitochondrial oxidant scavenging enzymes may be, in specific tumors, either an early event in transformation or exhibit tumor-promoting properties. One example of such an antioxidant enzyme is manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, also referred to as SOD2), which detoxifies superoxide, a ROS that has been shown, when its normal physiological levels are disrupted, to lead to oncogenicity and therapy resistance. Here, we will also discuss how the acetylation of MnSOD leads to a change in detoxification function that leads to a cellular environment permissive for the development of lineage plasticity-like properties that may be one mechanism leading to tumorigenic and therapy-resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith M. Ogle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, 7979 Wurzbach Road, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.M.O.); (R.T.J.); (J.S.); (M.V.); (N.H.)
- Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rolando Trevino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, 7979 Wurzbach Road, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.M.O.); (R.T.J.); (J.S.); (M.V.); (N.H.)
- Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Joseph Schell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, 7979 Wurzbach Road, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.M.O.); (R.T.J.); (J.S.); (M.V.); (N.H.)
- Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mahboubeh Varmazyad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, 7979 Wurzbach Road, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.M.O.); (R.T.J.); (J.S.); (M.V.); (N.H.)
- Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nobuo Horikoshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, 7979 Wurzbach Road, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.M.O.); (R.T.J.); (J.S.); (M.V.); (N.H.)
- Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, 7979 Wurzbach Road, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.M.O.); (R.T.J.); (J.S.); (M.V.); (N.H.)
- Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder involving perturbations of the vasculature, the kidney, and the central nervous system. Hypertension represents a major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Despite treatment with multiple drugs, 37% of hypertensive patients remain hypertensive, likely due to the mechanisms contributing to blood pressure elevation that are not affected by current treatments. This review focuses on recently described novel role of mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3 in vascular dysfunction and hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS In the past several years, we have shown that the mitochondria are dysfunctional in hypertension; however, the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of hypertension remains elusive. We recently showed that patients with essential hypertension have decreased levels of the mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3 leading to hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins. There is likely a causative role. Indeed, genetic deletion of Sirt3 in mice promotes vascular dysfunction and hypertension. Sirt3 depletion promotes endothelial dysfunction, increases smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, instigates vascular inflammation, and induces age-dependent hypertension. SUMMARY Sirt3 is critical for vascular cell homeostasis, however, multiple risk factors impair Sirt3 leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular dysregulation which contribute to hypertension and end-organ injury. Targeting Sirt3 may represent novel therapeutic approach to improve treatment of vascular dysfunction and reduce hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Wang Z, Bo H, Song Y, Li C, Zhang Y. Mitochondrial ROS Produced by Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria Promote the Decisive Signal for UPRmt Activation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7436577. [PMID: 35237690 PMCID: PMC8885241 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7436577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) can repair and remove misfolded or unfolded proteins in mitochondria and enhance mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by regular exercise is a crucial signal for promoting health, and skeletal muscle mitochondria are the primary source of ROS during exercise. To verify whether UPRmt is related to ROS produced by mitochondria in skeletal muscle during regular exercise, we adapted MitoTEMPO, mitochondrially targeted antioxidants, and ROS production by mitochondria. Our results showed that mitochondrial ROS is the key factor for activating UPRmt in different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Sports Medicine, Research Center for Exercise & Health Science, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hai Bo
- Department of Military Training Medicines, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yu Song
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Sports Medicine, Research Center for Exercise & Health Science, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Can Li
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Sports Medicine, Research Center for Exercise & Health Science, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Sports Medicine, Research Center for Exercise & Health Science, Tianjin 301617, China
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Nash MJ, Dobrinskikh E, Newsom SA, Messaoudi I, Janssen RC, Aagaard KM, McCurdy CE, Gannon M, Kievit P, Friedman JE, Wesolowski SR. Maternal Western diet exposure increases periportal fibrosis beginning in utero in nonhuman primate offspring. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e154093. [PMID: 34935645 PMCID: PMC8783685 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity affects nearly one-third of pregnancies and is a major risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adolescent offspring, yet the mechanisms behind NAFLD remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that nonhuman primate fetuses exposed to maternal Western-style diet (WSD) displayed increased fibrillar collagen deposition in the liver periportal region, with increased ACTA2 and TIMP1 staining, indicating localized hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and myofibroblast activation. This collagen deposition pattern persisted in 1-year-old offspring, despite weaning to a control diet (CD). Maternal WSD exposure increased the frequency of DCs and reduced memory CD4+ T cells in fetal liver without affecting systemic or hepatic inflammatory cytokines. Switching obese dams from WSD to CD before conception or supplementation of the WSD with resveratrol decreased fetal hepatic collagen deposition and reduced markers of portal triad fibrosis, oxidative stress, and fetal hypoxemia. These results demonstrate that HSCs and myofibroblasts are sensitive to maternal WSD-associated oxidative stress in the fetal liver, which is accompanied by increased periportal collagen deposition, indicative of early fibrogenesis beginning in utero. Alleviating maternal WSD-driven oxidative stress in the fetal liver holds promise for halting steatosis and fibrosis and preventing developmental programming of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Nash
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sean A. Newsom
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Rachel C. Janssen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kjersti M. Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carrie E. McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Stephanie R. Wesolowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Kalous KS, Wynia-Smith SL, Smith BC. Sirtuin Oxidative Post-translational Modifications. Front Physiol 2021; 12:763417. [PMID: 34899389 PMCID: PMC8652059 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.763417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased sirtuin deacylase activity is correlated with increased lifespan and healthspan in eukaryotes. Conversely, decreased sirtuin deacylase activity is correlated with increased susceptibility to aging-related diseases. However, the mechanisms leading to decreased sirtuin activity during aging are poorly understood. Recent work has shown that oxidative post-translational modification by reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen (RNS) species results in inhibition of sirtuin deacylase activity through cysteine nitrosation, glutathionylation, sulfenylation, and sulfhydration as well as tyrosine nitration. The prevalence of ROS/RNS (e.g., nitric oxide, S-nitrosoglutathione, hydrogen peroxide, oxidized glutathione, and peroxynitrite) is increased during inflammation and as a result of electron transport chain dysfunction. With age, cellular production of ROS/RNS increases; thus, cellular oxidants may serve as a causal link between loss of sirtuin activity and aging-related disease development. Therefore, the prevention of inhibitory oxidative modification may represent a novel means to increase sirtuin activity during aging. In this review, we explore the role of cellular oxidants in inhibiting individual sirtuin human isoform deacylase activity and clarify the relevance of ROS/RNS as regulatory molecules of sirtuin deacylase activity in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey S Kalous
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sarah L Wynia-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Sadia K, Ashraf MZ, Mishra A. Therapeutic Role of Sirtuins Targeting Unfolded Protein Response, Coagulation, and Inflammation in Hypoxia-Induced Thrombosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:733453. [PMID: 34803727 PMCID: PMC8602789 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.733453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across the world. Many pathological milieus in the body resulting from multiple risk factors escort thrombosis. Hypoxic condition is one such risk factor that disturbs the integrity of endothelial cells to cause an imbalance between anticoagulant and procoagulant proteins. Hypoxia generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers inflammatory pathways to augment the coagulation cascade. Hypoxia in cells also activates unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which tries to restore ER homeostasis and function. But the sustained UPR linked with inflammation, generation of ROS and apoptosis stimulates the severity of thrombosis in the body. Sirtuins, a group of seven proteins, play a vast role in bringing down inflammation, oxidative and ER stress and apoptosis. As a result, sirtuins might provide a therapeutic approach towards the treatment or prevention of hypoxia-induced thrombosis. Sirtuins modulate hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and counteract ER stress-induced apoptosis by attenuating protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) pathway activation. It prevents ER-stress mediated inflammation by targeting X-Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1) and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κβ) signaling through deacetylation. Sirtuins also obstruct nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation to reduce the expression of several pro-inflammatory molecules. It protects cells against oxidative stress by targeting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione (GSH), forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), phosphoglucomutase-2 (PGAM2), and NF-κB, to name few. This review, thus, discusses the potential role of sirtuins as a new treatment for hypoxia-induced thrombosis that involves an intersection of UPR and inflammatory pathways in its pathological manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Aastha Mishra
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
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Mitochondrial Management of Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111824. [PMID: 34829696 PMCID: PMC8614740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria in aerobic eukaryotic cells are both the site of energy production and the formation of harmful species, such as radicals and other reactive oxygen species, known as ROS. They contain an efficient antioxidant system, including low-molecular-mass molecules and enzymes that specialize in removing various types of ROS or repairing the oxidative damage of biological molecules. Under normal conditions, ROS production is low, and mitochondria, which are their primary target, are slightly damaged in a similar way to other cellular compartments, since the ROS released by the mitochondria into the cytosol are negligible. As the mitochondrial generation of ROS increases, they can deactivate components of the respiratory chain and enzymes of the Krebs cycle, and mitochondria release a high amount of ROS that damage cellular structures. More recently, the feature of the mitochondrial antioxidant system, which does not specifically deal with intramitochondrial ROS, was discovered. Indeed, the mitochondrial antioxidant system detoxifies exogenous ROS species at the expense of reducing the equivalents generated in mitochondria. Thus, mitochondria are also a sink of ROS. These observations highlight the importance of the mitochondrial antioxidant system, which should be considered in our understanding of ROS-regulated processes. These processes include cell signaling and the progression of metabolic and neurodegenerative disease.
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Silaghi CN, Farcaș M, Crăciun AM. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) Pathways in Age-Related Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111574. [PMID: 34829803 PMCID: PMC8615405 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases lead to high morbidity and mortality around the world. Sirtuins are vital enzymes for metabolic adaptation and provide protective effects against a wide spectrum of pathologies. Among sirtuins, mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is an essential player in preserving the habitual metabolic profile. SIRT3 activity declines as a result of aging-induced changes in cellular metabolism, leading to increased susceptibility to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, heart failure and neurodegenerative diseases. Stimulating SIRT3 activity via lifestyle, pharmacological or genetic interventions could protect against a plethora of pathologies and could improve health and lifespan. Thus, understanding how SIRT3 operates and how its protective effects could be amplified, will aid in treating age-associated diseases and ultimately, in enhancing the quality of life in elders.
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Luteolin Inhibits Breast Cancer Stemness and Enhances Chemosensitivity through the Nrf2-Mediated Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216452. [PMID: 34770867 PMCID: PMC8587415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of tumor masses with unique abilities in self-renewal, stemness maintenance, drug resistance, and the promotion of cancer recurrence. Recent studies have suggested that breast CSCs play essential roles in chemoresistance. Therefore, new agents that selectively target such cells are urgently required. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzymes are the reason for an elevated tumor oxidant status. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional factor, which upon detecting cellular oxidative stress, binds to the promoter region of antioxidant genes. By triggering a cytoprotective response, Nrf2 maintains cellular redox status. Cripto-1 participates in the self-renewal of CSCs. Herein, luteolin, a flavonoid found in Taraxacum officinale extract, was determined to inhibit the expressions of stemness-related transcriptional factors, the ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity as well as the sphere formation properties of breast CSCs. Furthermore, luteolin suppressed the protein expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and Cripto-1 which have been determined to contribute critically to CSC features. The combination of luteolin and the chemotherapeutic drug, Taxol, resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that luteolin treatment significantly attenuated the hallmarks of breast cancer stemness by downregulating Nrf2-mediated expressions. Luteolin constitutes a potential agent for use in cancer stemness-targeted breast cancer treatments.
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Bello JH, Khan MJ, Amir S, Kakakhel HG, Tahir F, Sultan S, Raza SQ, Mamoulakis C, Zachariou A, Tsatsakis A, Sofikitis N, Shah STA. Dysregulation of mitochondrial sirtuin genes is associated with human male infertility. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14274. [PMID: 34664305 DOI: 10.1111/and.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5) are post-translational modifiers that regulate energy production, body homeostasis and mitochondrial activities via different substrates in response to environmental stressors. The present study aimed at assessing the expression of SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 in the semen of infertile men. Expression analysis was performed using q-RT PCR. All mitochondrial sirtuin genes were significantly down-regulated in the semen of infertile men compared to fertile men. Mitochondrial sirtuin genes expression levels were correlated with mitochondrial HSP90 expression. HSP90 expression was positively correlated with SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5 expression in the semen of fertile men, while a negative correlation was observed between HSP90 in the semen of infertile men and mitochondrial sirtuin genes in the semen of fertile men. These data suggest that dysregulation of mitochondrial sirtuin genes causes mitochondrial dysfunction due to stress, which appears to be associated with human male infertility by compromising functional and structural sperm integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaafar Haris Bello
- Department of Biosciences, Functional Genomics and Proteomics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jadoon Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Functional Genomics and Proteomics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Amir
- Department of Biosciences, Functional Genomics and Proteomics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hoor Gulalai Kakakhel
- Department of Biosciences, Functional Genomics and Proteomics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Tahir
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sikandar Sultan
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Qasim Raza
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Sofikitis
- Department of Urology, Ioannina University School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Syed Tahir Abbas Shah
- Department of Biosciences, Functional Genomics and Proteomics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Fernando KKM, Wijayasinghe YS. Sirtuins as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Mitigating Neuroinflammation Associated With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:746631. [PMID: 34630044 PMCID: PMC8492950 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.746631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, which is associated with memory deficit and global cognitive decline. Age is the greatest risk factor for AD and, in recent years, it is becoming increasingly appreciated that aging-related neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. The presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the primary pathological hallmarks of AD; defects which can then activate a cascade of molecular inflammatory pathways in glial cells. Microglia, the resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), are the major triggers of inflammation; a response which is typically intended to prevent further damage to the CNS. However, persistent microglial activation (i.e., neuroinflammation) is toxic to both neurons and glia, which then leads to neurodegeneration. Growing evidence supports a central role for sirtuins in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that modulate a number of cellular processes associated with inflammation. This review examines the latest findings regarding AD-associated neuroinflammation, mainly focusing on the connections among the microglial molecular pathways of inflammation. Furthermore, we highlight the biology of sirtuins, and their role in neuroinflammation. Suppression of microglial activity through modulation of the sirtuin activity has now become a key area of research, where progress in therapeutic interventions may slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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Abstract
Circadian rhythm evolved to allow organisms to coordinate intrinsic physiological functions in anticipation of recurring environmental changes. The importance of this coordination is exemplified by the tight temporal control of cardiac metabolism. Levels of metabolites, metabolic flux, and response to nutrients all oscillate in a time-of-day-dependent fashion. While these rhythms are affected by oscillatory behavior (feeding/fasting, wake/sleep) and neurohormonal changes, recent data have unequivocally demonstrated an intrinsic circadian regulation at the tissue and cellular level. The circadian clock - through a network of a core clock, slave clock, and effectors - exerts intricate temporal control of cardiac metabolism, which is also integrated with environmental cues. The combined anticipation and adaptability that the circadian clock enables provide maximum advantage to cardiac function. Disruption of the circadian rhythm, or dyssynchrony, leads to cardiometabolic disorders seen not only in shift workers but in most individuals in modern society. In this Review, we describe current findings on rhythmic cardiac metabolism and discuss the intricate regulation of circadian rhythm and the consequences of rhythm disruption. An in-depth understanding of the circadian biology in cardiac metabolism is critical in translating preclinical findings from nocturnal-animal models as well as in developing novel chronotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine.,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and.,School of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Bussulo SKD, Ferraz CR, Carvalho TT, Verri WA, Borghi SM. Redox interactions of immune cells and muscle in the regulation of exercise-induced pain and analgesia: implications on the modulation of muscle nociceptor sensory neurons. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:757-775. [PMID: 34238089 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1953696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic interactions among redox status of leukocytes, muscle, and exercise in pain regulation are still poorly understood and limit targeted treatment. Exercise benefits are numerous, including the treatment of chronic pain. However, unaccustomed exercise may be reported as undesirable as it may contribute to pain. The aim of the present review is to evaluate the relationship between oxidative metabolism and acute exercise-induced pain, and as to whether improved antioxidant capacity underpins the analgesic effects of regular exercise. Preclinical and clinical studies addressing relevant topics on mechanisms by which exercise modulates the nociceptive activity and how redox status can outline pain and analgesia are discussed, in sense of translating into refined outcomes. Emerging evidence points to the role of oxidative stress-induced signaling in sensitizing nociceptor sensory neurons. In response to acute exercise, there is an increase in oxidative metabolism, and consequently, pain. Instead, regular exercise can modulate redox status in favor of antioxidant capacity and repair mechanisms, which have consequently increased resistance to oxidative stress, damage, and pain. Data indicate that acute sessions of unaccustomed prolonged and/or intense exercise increase oxidative metabolism and regulate exercise-induced pain in the post-exercise recovery period. Further, evidence demonstrates regular exercise improves antioxidant status, indicating its therapeutic utility for chronic pain disorders. An improved comprehension of the role of redox status in exercise can provide helpful insights into immune-muscle communication during pain modulatory effects of exercise and support new therapeutic efforts and rationale for the promotion of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia K D Bussulo
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila R Ferraz
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Hitchler MJ, Domann FE. The epigenetic and morphogenetic effects of molecular oxygen and its derived reactive species in development. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:70-84. [PMID: 33450377 PMCID: PMC8217084 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms involves the unpacking of a complex genetic program. Extensive characterization of discrete developmental steps has revealed the genetic program is controlled by an epigenetic state. Shifting the epigenome is a group of epigenetic enzymes that modify DNA and proteins to regulate cell type specific gene expression. While the role of these modifications in development has been established, the input(s) responsible for electing changes in the epigenetic state remains unknown. Development is also associated with dynamic changes in cellular metabolism, redox, free radical production, and oxygen availability. It has previously been postulated that these changes are causal in development by affecting gene expression. This suggests that oxygen is a morphogenic compound that impacts the removal of epigenetic marks. Likewise, metabolism and reactive oxygen species influence redox signaling through iron and glutathione to limit the availability of key epigenetic cofactors such as α-ketoglutarate, ascorbate, NAD+ and S-adenosylmethionine. Given the close relationship between these cofactors and epigenetic marks it seems likely that the two are linked. Here we describe how changing these inputs might affect the epigenetic state during development to drive gene expression. Combined, these cofactors and reactive oxygen species constitute the epigenetic landscape guiding cells along differing developmental paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hitchler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 4950 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Cheresh P, Kim SJ, Jablonski R, Watanabe S, Lu Z, Chi M, Helmin KA, Gius D, Budinger GRS, Kamp DW. SIRT3 Overexpression Ameliorates Asbestos-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis, mt-DNA Damage, and Lung Fibrogenic Monocyte Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6856. [PMID: 34202229 PMCID: PMC8268084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) mitochondrial (mt) DNA damage and fibrotic monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (Mo-AMs) are implicated in the pathobiology of pulmonary fibrosis. We showed that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial protein regulating cell fate and aging, is deficient in the AECs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and that asbestos- and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis is augmented in Sirt3 knockout (Sirt3-/-) mice associated with AEC mtDNA damage and intrinsic apoptosis. We determined whether whole body transgenic SIRT3 overexpression (Sirt3Tg) protects mice from asbestos-induced pulmonary fibrosis by mitigating lung mtDNA damage and Mo-AM recruitment. Crocidolite asbestos (100 µg/50 µL) or control was instilled intratracheally in C57Bl6 (Wild-Type) mice or Sirt3Tg mice, and at 21 d lung fibrosis (histology, fibrosis score, Sircol assay) and lung Mo-AMs (flow cytometry) were assessed. Compared to controls, Sirt3Tg mice were protected from asbestos-induced pulmonary fibrosis and had diminished lung mtDNA damage and Mo-AM recruitment. Further, pharmacologic SIRT3 inducers (i.e., resveratrol, viniferin, and honokiol) each diminish oxidant-induced AEC mtDNA damage in vitro and, in the case of honokiol, protection occurs in a SIRT3-dependent manner. We reason that SIRT3 preservation of AEC mtDNA is a novel therapeutic focus for managing patients with IPF and other types of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cheresh
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.C.); (S.-J.K.); (Z.L.); (G.R.S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Seok-Jo Kim
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.C.); (S.-J.K.); (Z.L.); (G.R.S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Renea Jablonski
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Ziyan Lu
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.C.); (S.-J.K.); (Z.L.); (G.R.S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Monica Chi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - Kathryn A. Helmin
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - G. R. Scott Budinger
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.C.); (S.-J.K.); (Z.L.); (G.R.S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
| | - David W. Kamp
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.C.); (S.-J.K.); (Z.L.); (G.R.S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Simpson & Querrey Biomedical Research Center 5-303, 303 E Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.W.); (M.C.); (K.A.H.)
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Liu L, Cao Q, Gao W, Li B, Xia Z, Zhao B. Melatonin protects against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic mice by ameliorating mitochondrial impairments: involvement of the Akt-SIRT3-SOD2 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16105-16123. [PMID: 34118791 PMCID: PMC8266371 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients are more vulnerable to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury and have a worse prognosis and higher mortality after ischemic stroke than non-diabetic counterparts. Melatonin can exert neuroprotective effects against CIR injury in nondiabetic animal models. However, its effects on diabetic CIR injury and the underlying mechanisms remain unclarified. Herein, we found that melatonin administration improved neurological deficit, cerebral infarct volume, brain edema, and cell viability, reduced mitochondrial swelling, reactive oxygen species generation, and cytoplasmic cytochrome C release, and increased mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes activities, adenosine triphosphate production, and mitochondrial membrane potential in both streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and high glucose-treated HT22 cells. Importantly, melatonin also activated protein kinase B (Akt) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)/superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) signaling and upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis-related transcription factors. However, these effects were largely attenuated by LY294002 (a specific Akt signaling blocker) administration. Additionally, 3-TYP (a selective SIRT3 inhibitor) and SIRT3 siRNA inhibited the above protective effects of melatonin as well as the upregulation of SIRT3 and the decrease of SOD2 acetylation but did not affect the p-Akt/Akt ratio. Overall, we demonstrate that melatonin can alleviate CIR injury in diabetic mice by activating Akt-SIRT3-SOD2 signaling and subsequently improving mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Quan Cao
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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Khan A, Paneni F, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Cell-specific epigenetic changes in atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1165-1187. [PMID: 33988232 PMCID: PMC8314213 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium arteries that can lead to life-threatening cerebrovascular and cardiovascular consequences such as heart failure and stroke and is a major contributor to cardiovascular-related mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis development is a complex process that involves specific structural, functional and transcriptional changes in different vascular cell populations at different stages of the disease. The application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis has discovered not only disease-related cell-specific transcriptomic profiles but also novel subpopulations of cells once thought as homogenous cell populations. Vascular cells undergo specific transcriptional changes during the entire course of the disease. Epigenetics is the instruction-set-architecture in living cells that defines and maintains the cellular identity by regulating the cellular transcriptome. Although different cells contain the same genetic material, they have different epigenomic signatures. The epigenome is plastic, dynamic and highly responsive to environmental stimuli. Modifications to the epigenome are driven by an array of epigenetic enzymes generally referred to as writers, erasers and readers that define cellular fate and destiny. The reversibility of these modifications raises hope for finding novel therapeutic targets for modifiable pathological conditions including atherosclerosis where the involvement of epigenetics is increasingly appreciated. This article provides a critical review of the up-to-date research in the field of epigenetics mainly focusing on in vivo settings in the context of the cellular role of individual vascular cell types in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Cardiovascular Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin A.M. Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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