1
|
Zilberter Y, Tabuena DR, Zilberter M. NOX-induced oxidative stress is a primary trigger of major neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102539. [PMID: 37838279 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) causing cognitive impairment and dementia are difficult to treat due to the lack of understanding of primary initiating factors. Meanwhile, major sporadic NDDs share many risk factors and exhibit similar pathologies in their early stages, indicating the existence of common initiation pathways. Glucose hypometabolism associated with oxidative stress is one such primary, early and shared pathology, and a likely major cause of detrimental disease-associated cascades; targeting this common pathology may therefore be an effective preventative strategy for most sporadic NDDs. However, its exact cause and trigger remain unclear. Recent research suggests that early oxidative stress caused by NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation is a shared initiating mechanism among major sporadic NDDs and could prove to be the long-sought ubiquitous NDD trigger. We focus on two major NDDs - Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as on acquired epilepsy which is an increasingly recognized comorbidity in NDDs. We also discuss available data suggesting the relevance of the proposed mechanisms to other NDDs. We delve into the commonalities among these NDDs in neuroinflammation and NOX involvement to identify potential therapeutic targets and gain a deeper understanding of the underlying causes of NDDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Zilberter
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Dennis R Tabuena
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu H, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Xiu W, Xu P, Deng Y, Huang W, Wang DO. Crocetin antagonizes parthanatos in ischemic stroke via inhibiting NOX2 and preserving mitochondrial hexokinase-I. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:50. [PMID: 36681688 PMCID: PMC9867762 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Parthanatos is one of the major pathways of programmed cell death in ischemic stroke characterized by DNA damage, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) activation, and poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) formation. Here we demonstrate that crocetin, a natural potent antioxidant compound from Crocus sativus, antagonizes parthanatos in ischemic stroke. We reveal that mechanistically, crocetin inhibits NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and PAR production at the early stage of parthanatos. Meanwhile we demonstrate that PARylated hexokinase-I (HK-I) is a novel substrate of E3 ligase RNF146 and that crocetin interacts with HK-I to suppress RNF146-mediated HK-I degradation at the later stage of parthanatos, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage that ultimately trigger the irreversible cell death. Our study supports further development of crocetin as a potential drug candidate for preventing and/or treating ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ying Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hanxun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wenyu Xiu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Pu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yujie Deng
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
| | - Wanxu Huang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, China.
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China.
| | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Hon-Machi, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Is the fundamental pathology in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy caused by a failure of glycogenolysis–glycolysis in costameres? J Genet 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
4
|
Xue D, Wei C, Zhou Y, Wang K, Zhou Y, Chen C, Li Y, Sheng L, Lu B, Zhu Z, Cai W, Ning X, Li S, Qi T, Pi J, Lin S, Yan G, Huang Y, Yin W. TRIOL Inhibits Rapid Intracellular Acidification and Cerebral Ischemic Injury: The Role of Glutamate in Neuronal Metabolic Reprogramming. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2110-2121. [PMID: 35770894 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the key injury incidents, tissue acidosis in the brain occurs very quickly within several minutes upon the onset of ischemic stroke. Glutamate, an excitatory amino acid inducing neuronal excitotoxicity, has been reported to trigger the decrease in neuronal intracellular pH (pHi) via modulating proton-related membrane transporters. However, there remains a lack of clarity on the possible role of glutamate in neuronal acidosis via regulating metabolism. Here, we show that 200 μM glutamate treatment quickly promotes glycolysis and inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of primary cultured neurons within 15 min, leading to significant cytosolic lactate accumulation, which contributes to the rapid intracellular acidification and neuronal injury. The reprogramming of neuronal metabolism by glutamate is dependent on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling since the inhibition of AMPK activation by its selective inhibitor compound C significantly reverses these deleterious events in vitro. Moreover, 5α-androst-3β,5α,6β-TRIOL (TRIOL), a neuroprotectant we previously reported, can also remarkably reverse intracellular acidification and alleviate neuronal injury through the inhibition of AMPK signaling. Furthermore, TRIOL remarkably reduced the infarct volume and attenuated neurologic impairment in acute ischemic stroke models of middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo. In summary, we reveal a novel role of glutamate in rapid intracellular acidification injury resulting from glutamate-induced lactate accumulation through AMPK-mediated neuronal reprogramming. Moreover, inhibition of the quick drop in neuronal pHi by TRIOL significantly reduces the cerebral damages, suggesting that it is a promising drug candidate for ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DongDong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - CaiLv Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - YueHan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kai Wang
- University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - YuWei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - LongXiang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - BingZheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - XinPeng Ning
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - ShengLong Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - TianYu Qi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - JiaKai Pi
- Guangzhou Foreign Language School, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - SuiZhen Lin
- Guangzhou Cellprotek Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - GuangMei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - YiJun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eaton L, Pamenter ME. What to do with low O 2: Redox adaptations in vertebrates native to hypoxic environments. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 271:111259. [PMID: 35724954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important cellular signalling molecules but sudden changes in redox balance can be deleterious to cells and lethal to the whole organism. ROS production is inherently linked to environmental oxygen availability and many species live in variable oxygen environments that can range in both severity and duration of hypoxic exposure. Given the importance of redox homeostasis to cell and animal viability, it is not surprising that early studies in species adapted to various hypoxic niches have revealed diverse strategies to limit or mitigate deleterious ROS changes. Although research in this area is in its infancy, patterns are beginning to emerge in the suites of adaptations to different hypoxic environments. This review focuses on redox adaptations (i.e., modifications of ROS production and scavenging, and mitigation of oxidative damage) in hypoxia-tolerant vertebrates across a range of hypoxic environments. In general, evidence suggests that animals adapted to chronic lifelong hypoxia are in homeostasis, and do not encounter major oxidative challenges in their homeostatic environment, whereas animals exposed to seasonal chronic anoxia or hypoxia rapidly downregulate redox balance to match a hypometabolic state and employ robust scavenging pathways during seasonal reoxygenation. Conversely, animals adapted to intermittent hypoxia exposure face the greatest degree of ROS imbalance and likely exhibit enhanced ROS-mitigation strategies. Although some progress has been made, research in this field is patchy and further elucidation of mechanisms that are protective against environmental redox challenges is imperative for a more holistic understanding of how animals survive hypoxic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Eaton
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Cheng X, Liu X, Wang L, Ha J, Gao Z, He X, Wu Z, Chen A, Jewell LL, Sun Y. Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia Through NMDA Receptors: Metabotropic Signaling and Future Directions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:831181. [PMID: 35264964 PMCID: PMC8900870 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.831181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors after cerebral ischemia is a key cause of ischemic injury. For a long time, it was generally accepted that calcium influx is a necessary condition for ischemic injury mediated by NMDA receptors. However, recent studies have shown that NMDA receptor signaling, independent of ion flow, plays an important role in the regulation of ischemic brain injury. The purpose of this review is to better understand the roles of metabotropic NMDA receptor signaling in cerebral ischemia and to discuss the research and development directions of NMDA receptor antagonists against cerebral ischemia. This mini review provides a discussion on how metabotropic transduction is mediated by the NMDA receptor, related signaling molecules, and roles of metabotropic NMDA receptor signaling in cerebral ischemia. In view of the important roles of metabotropic signaling in cerebral ischemia, NMDA receptor antagonists, such as GluN2B-selective antagonists, which can effectively block both pro-death metabotropic and pro-death ionotropic signaling, may have better application prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaokun Cheng
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China.,New Drug Research & Development Co., Ltd., North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinying Liu
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Technological Innovation Center of Chiral Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zibin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aibing Chen
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Linda L Jewell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yongjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
CircDLGAP4 overexpression relieves oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury by elevating NEGR1 through sponging miR-503-3p. J Mol Histol 2021; 53:321-332. [PMID: 34739656 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play vital regulatory roles in human diseases. However, the functions of circRNAs in ischemic stroke (IS) are limited. In this study, we aimed to explore the functions and mechanisms of circRNA DLG associated protein 4 (circDLGAP4) in IS development. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated HCN-2 cells were used to mimic IS environment in vitro. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to detect the levels of circDLGAP4, microRNA-503-3p (miR-503-3p) and neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) mRNA. RNase R assay was conducted to analyze the stability of circDLGAP4. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry analysis were adopted for cell viability and death, respectively. Western blot assay was performed for protein levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to examine the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and RNA pull-down assay were employed to analyze the relationships among circDLGAP4, miR-503-3p and NEGR1. CircDLGAP4 level was declined in HCN-2 cells after OGD treatment. CircDLGAP4 overexpression promoted cell viability and suppressed cell death and inflammatory cytokine concentrations in OGD-treated HCN-2 cells. CircDLGAP4 acted as the sponge for miR-503-3p and the impacts of circDLGAP4 overexpression on cell viability, death and inflammation in OGD-treated HCN-2 cells were reversed by miR-503-3p elevation. Furthermore, NEGR1 was the target gene of miR-503-3p. MiR-503-3p inhibition ameliorated OGD-induced HCN-2 cell impairments, but NEGR1 knockdown abolished the effects. CircDLGAP4 alleviated OGD-induced HCN-2 cell damage by regulating miR-503-3p/NEGR1 axis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Malkov A, Popova I, Ivanov A, Jang SS, Yoon SY, Osypov A, Huang Y, Zilberter Y, Zilberter M. Aβ initiates brain hypometabolism, network dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities via NOX2-induced oxidative stress in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1054. [PMID: 34504272 PMCID: PMC8429759 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A predominant trigger and driver of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the synergy of brain oxidative stress and glucose hypometabolism starting at early preclinical stages. Oxidative stress damages macromolecules, while glucose hypometabolism impairs cellular energy supply and antioxidant defense. However, the exact cause of AD-associated glucose hypometabolism and its network consequences have remained unknown. Here we report NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation as the main initiating mechanism behind Aβ1-42-related glucose hypometabolism and network dysfunction. We utilize a combination of electrophysiology with real-time recordings of metabolic transients both ex- and in-vivo to show that Aβ1-42 induces oxidative stress and acutely reduces cellular glucose consumption followed by long-lasting network hyperactivity and abnormalities in the animal behavioral profile. Critically, all of these pathological changes were prevented by the novel bioavailable NOX2 antagonist GSK2795039. Our data provide direct experimental evidence for causes and consequences of AD-related brain glucose hypometabolism, and suggest that targeting NOX2-mediated oxidative stress is a promising approach to both the prevention and treatment of AD. Anton Malkov, Irina Popova et al. demonstrate that beta-amyloid application induces oxidative stress and reduces glucose consumption in the mouse brain, leading to network hyperactivity and behavioral changes—pathologies similar to those observed early on in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) rescued these phenotypes, suggesting that NOX2 may represent an important therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Malkov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Irina Popova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anton Ivanov
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Sung-Soo Jang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Osypov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.,Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Genetically encoded cell-death indicators (GEDI) to detect an early irreversible commitment to neurodegeneration. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5284. [PMID: 34489414 PMCID: PMC8421388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a critical process that occurs normally in health and disease. However, its study is limited due to available technologies that only detect very late stages in the process or specific death mechanisms. Here, we report the development of a family of fluorescent biosensors called genetically encoded death indicators (GEDIs). GEDIs specifically detect an intracellular Ca2+ level that cells achieve early in the cell death process and that marks a stage at which cells are irreversibly committed to die. The time-resolved nature of a GEDI delineates a binary demarcation of cell life and death in real time, reformulating the definition of cell death. We demonstrate that GEDIs acutely and accurately report death of rodent and human neurons in vitro, and show that GEDIs enable an automated imaging platform for single cell detection of neuronal death in vivo in zebrafish larvae. With a quantitative pseudo-ratiometric signal, GEDIs facilitate high-throughput analysis of cell death in time-lapse imaging analysis, providing the necessary resolution and scale to identify early factors leading to cell death in studies of neurodegeneration. Cell death is a critical process in health and disease, yet available markers record later stages of cell death once a cell has already begun to decompose. Here the authors show the use of a genetically encoded calcium indicator that demarcates an irreversible stage of cell death earlier than previously possible.
Collapse
|
10
|
Morsy MA, Khalaf HM, Rifaai RA, Bayoumi AMA, Khalifa EMMA, Ibrahim YF. Canagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor, ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats through targeting glucose metabolism and inhibiting NOX2. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111902. [PMID: 34328119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease is defined as chronic noninfectious inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Its incidence and predominance have increased globally, with no effective agents for preventing its recurrence or treatment until now. AIM The current study aimed to investigate the possible role of canagliflozin (CANA), a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2), to prevent and treat acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in a rat model. METHODS Colitis was induced in male Wistar rats by intrarectal instillation of 1 ml of 4% (v/v) AA. Rats were treated orally with either CANA (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 10 days before or after colitis induction or sulfasalazine (360 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 10 days before colitis induction. RESULTS AA resulted in a significant increase in disease activity index, colonic weight over length ratio, colon macroscopic damage score, and histological signs of colitis. All of these effects were significantly decreased by CANA administration. Additionally, CANA markedly inhibited AA-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by significantly reducing the up-regulated levels in malondialdehyde, total nitrite, NF-κB, interleukin-1β, and TNF-α, and significantly increasing the down-regulated levels in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and interleukin-10. CANA significantly inhibited caspase-3 level while rescued survivin expression in colons. Finally, CANA reduced the elevated levels of pyruvic acid and G6PDH activity, as well as the levels of p22phox and NOX2 in the AA-induced colitis. CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel evidence that CANA has protective and therapeutic effects against AA-induced colitis by the impact of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt.
| | - Hanaa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Rifaai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M A Bayoumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Esraa M M A Khalifa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, El-Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Yasmine F Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Role of NADPH Oxidase in Neuronal Death and Neurogenesis after Acute Neurological Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050739. [PMID: 34067012 PMCID: PMC8151966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-known common pathological process involved in mediating acute neurological injuries, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and hypoglycemia-related neuronal injury. However, effective therapeutic measures aimed at scavenging free reactive oxygen species have shown little success in clinical trials. Recent studies have revealed that NADPH oxidase, a membrane-bound enzyme complex that catalyzes the production of a superoxide free radical, is one of the major sources of cellular reactive oxygen species in acute neurological disorders. Furthermore, several studies, including our previous ones, have shown that the inhibition of NADPH oxidase can reduce subsequent neuronal injury in neurological disease. Moreover, maintaining appropriate levels of NADPH oxidase has also been shown to be associated with proper neurogenesis after neuronal injury. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the role of NADPH oxidase in neuronal death and neurogenesis in multiple acute neurological disorders and to explore potential pharmacological strategies targeting the NADPH-related oxidative stress pathways.
Collapse
|
12
|
Alwjwaj M, Kadir RRA, Bayraktutan U. The secretome of endothelial progenitor cells: a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1483-1489. [PMID: 33433461 PMCID: PMC8323700 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Despite recent advances in the field of stroke medicine, thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains as the only pharmacological therapy for stroke patients. However, due to short therapeutic window (4.5 hours of stroke onset) and increased risk of hemorrhage beyond this point, each year globally less than 1% of stroke patients receive this therapy which necessitate the discovery of safe and efficacious therapeutics that can be used beyond the acute phase of stroke. Accumulating evidence indicates that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), equipped with an inherent capacity to migrate, proliferate and differentiate, may be one such therapeutics. However, the limited availability of EPCs in peripheral blood and early senescence of few isolated cells in culture conditions adversely affect their application as effective therapeutics. Given that much of the EPC-mediated reparative effects on neurovasculature is realized by a wide range of biologically active substances released by these cells, it is possible that EPC-secretome may serve as an important therapeutic after an ischemic stroke. In light of this assumption, this review paper firstly discusses the main constituents of EPC-secretome that may exert the beneficial effects of EPCs on neurovasculature, and then reviews the currently scant literature that focuses on its therapeutic capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Alwjwaj
- Stroke, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Rais Reskiawan A Kadir
- Stroke, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Ulvi Bayraktutan
- Stroke, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Binvignat O, Olloquequi J. Excitotoxicity as a Target Against Neurodegenerative Processes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1251-1262. [PMID: 31931694 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200113162641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of neurodegenerative diseases is alarmingly increasing in parallel to the aging of population. Although the molecular mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration are not completely understood, excitotoxicity, defined as the injury and death of neurons due to excessive or prolonged exposure to excitatory amino acids, has been shown to play a pivotal role. The increased release and/or decreased uptake of glutamate results in dysregulation of neuronal calcium homeostasis, leading to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, disturbances in protein turn-over and neuroinflammation. Despite the anti-excitotoxic drug memantine has shown modest beneficial effects in some patients with dementia, to date, there is no effective treatment capable of halting or curing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This has led to a growing body of research focusing on understanding the mechanisms associated with the excitotoxic insult and on uncovering potential therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms. In the present review, we examine the molecular mechanisms related to excitotoxic cell death. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive and updated state of the art of preclinical and clinical investigations targeting excitotoxic- related mechanisms in order to provide an effective treatment against neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Quercetin Disaggregates Prion Fibrils and Decreases Fibril-Induced Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111081. [PMID: 33187342 PMCID: PMC7696844 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by misfolding and aggregation of prion protein (PrP). Previous studies have demonstrated that quercetin can disaggregate some amyloid fibrils, such as amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and α-synuclein. However, the disaggregating ability is unclear in PrP fibrils. In this study, we examined the amyloid fibril-disaggregating activity of quercetin on mouse prion protein (moPrP) and characterized quercetin-bound moPrP fibrils by imaging, proteinase resistance, hemolysis assay, cell viability, and cellular oxidative stress measurements. The results showed that quercetin treatment can disaggregate moPrP fibrils and lead to the formation of the proteinase-sensitive amorphous aggregates. Furthermore, quercetin-bound fibrils can reduce the membrane disruption of erythrocytes. Consequently, quercetin-bound fibrils cause less oxidative stress, and are less cytotoxic to neuroblastoma cells. The role of quercetin is distinct from the typical function of antiamyloidogenic drugs that inhibit the formation of amyloid fibrils. This study provides a solution for the development of antiamyloidogenic therapy.
Collapse
|
15
|
Xia PP, Zhang F, Chen C, Wang ZH, Wang N, Li LY, Guo QL, Ye Z. Rac1 relieves neuronal injury induced by oxygenglucose deprivation and re-oxygenation via regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1937-1946. [PMID: 32246643 PMCID: PMC7513980 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain microRNAs (miRNAs) can function as neuroprotective factors after reperfusion/ischemia brain injury. miRNA-142-3p can participate in the occurrence and development of tumors and myocardial ischemic injury by negatively regulating the activity of Rac1, but it remains unclear whether miRNA-142-3p also participates in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, a model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation in primary cortical neurons was established and the neurons were transfected with miR-142-3p agomirs or miR-142-3p antagomirs. miR-142-3p expression was down-regulated in neurons when exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation. Over-expression of miR-142-3p using its agomir remarkably promoted cell death and apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation and improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function, including the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, mitochondrial transcription factor A, and nuclear respiratory factor 1. However, the opposite effects were produced if miR-142-3p was inhibited. Luciferase reporter assays verified that Rac Family Small GTPase 1 (Rac1) was a target gene of miR-142-3p. Over-expressed miR-142-3p inhibited NOX2 activity and expression of Rac1 and Rac1-GTPase (its activated form). miR-142-3p antagomirs had opposite effects after oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation. Our results indicate that miR-142-3p down-regulates the expression and activation of Rac1, regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and inhibits oxygen-glucose deprivation damage, thus exerting a neuroprotective effect. The experiments were approved by the Committee of Experimental Animal Use and Care of Central South University, China (approval No. 201703346) on March 7, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Long-Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qu-Lian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cao DW, Liu MM, Duan R, Tao YF, Zhou JS, Fang WR, Zhu JR, Niu L, Sun JG. The lncRNA Malat1 functions as a ceRNA to contribute to berberine-mediated inhibition of HMGB1 by sponging miR-181c-5p in poststroke inflammation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:22-33. [PMID: 31431734 PMCID: PMC7471439 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as essential mediators in neurological dysfunction. Our previous study shows that berberine (BBR) hampers the nuclear-to-cytosolic translocation of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the process of poststroke inflammation. In this study, we explored the role of lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) in the process of BBR-induced inhibition of HMGB1 in ischemic brain. Before the 60-min MCAO surgery, the mice were pretreated with BBR (50 mg· kg-1 per day, ig) for 14 days or ICV injected with specific lentiviral vector or shRNA. We showed that MCAO caused marked increase in the expression Malat1 and HMGB1 in the ipsilateral cortex, which was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with BBR. Knockdown of Malat1 attenuated the inflammatory injury after brain ischemia, whereas overexpression of Malat1 exacerbated ischemic brain inflammation. Overexpression of Malat1 also reversed BBR-induced reduction of HMGB1 and proinflammatory cytokines. The above results suggested a potential correlation between Malat1 and stroke inflammation. Based on informatics analysis we predicted that HMGB1 was a direct downstream target of miR-181c-5p, whereas Malat1 acted as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-181c-5p targeted the 3'-UTR of HMGB1 to promote inflammation after ischemic stroke. Knockdown of Malat1 significantly decreased HMGB1 level, which could be abrogated by transfection with miR-181c-5p inhibitors. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that Malat1/miR-181c-5p/HMGB1 axis may be a key pathway of BBR-induced antiinflammation effects in stroke, and they may provide a novel avenue for targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing microRNA-25 protect spinal cords against transient ischemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:508-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
18
|
Shen J, Rastogi R, Geng X, Ding Y. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activation and neuronal death after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:948-953. [PMID: 30761998 PMCID: PMC6404502 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is a multisubunit enzyme complex that utilizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to produce superoxide anions and other reactive oxygen species. Under normal circumstances, reactive oxygen species mediate a number of important cellular functions, including the facilitation of adaptive immunity. In pathogenic circumstances, however, excess reactive oxygen species generated by NOX promotes apoptotic cell death. In ischemic stroke, in particular, it has been shown that both NOX activation and derangements in glucose metabolism result in increased apoptosis. Moreover, recent studies have established that glucose, as a NOX substrate, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury. Thus, NOX inhibition has the potential to mitigate the deleterious impact of hyperglycemia on stroke. In this paper, we provide an overview of this research, coupled with a discussion of its implications for the development of NOX inhibition as a strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Both inhibition using apocynin, as well as the prospect of developing more specific inhibitors based on what is now understood of the biology of NOX assembly and activation, will be highlighted in the course of our discussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Shen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Radhika Rastogi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Minnella AM, Zhao JX, Jiang X, Jakobsen E, Lu F, Wu L, El-Benna J, Gray JA, Swanson RA. Excitotoxic superoxide production and neuronal death require both ionotropic and non-ionotropic NMDA receptor signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17522. [PMID: 30504838 PMCID: PMC6269523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR) trigger superoxide production by neuronal NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2), which if sustained leads to cell death. This process involves Ca2+ influx through NMDAR channels. By contrast, comparable Ca2+ influx by other routes does not induce NOX2 activation or cell death. This contrast has been attributed to site-specific effects of Ca2+ flux through NMDAR. Here we show instead that it stems from non-ionotropic signaling by NMDAR GluN2B subunits. To evaluate non-ionotropic effects, mouse cortical neurons were treated with NMDA together with 7-chlorokynurenate, L-689,560, or MK-801, which block Ca2+ influx through NMDAR channels but not NMDA binding. NMDA-induced superoxide formation was prevented by the channel blockers, restored by concurrent Ca2+ influx through ionomycin or voltage-gated calcium channels, and not induced by the Ca2+ influx in the absence of NMDAR ligand binding. Neurons expressing either GluN2B subunits or chimeric GluN2A/GluN2B C-terminus subunits exhibited NMDA-induced superoxide production, whereas neurons expressing chimeric GluN2B/GluN2A C-terminus subunits did not. Neuronal NOX2 activation requires phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and NMDA binding to NMDAR increased PI3K association with NMDA GluN2B subunits independent of Ca2+ influx. These findings identify a non-ionotropic signaling pathway that links NMDAR to NOX2 activation through the C-terminus domain of GluN2B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Minnella
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94122, USA.,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Jerry X Zhao
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94122, USA.,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Fuxin Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94122, USA.,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - John A Gray
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94122, USA. .,San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Depp C, Bas-Orth C, Schroeder L, Hellwig A, Bading H. Synaptic Activity Protects Neurons Against Calcium-Mediated Oxidation and Contraction of Mitochondria During Excitotoxicity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1109-1124. [PMID: 28990420 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Excitotoxicity triggered by extrasynaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptors has been implicated in many neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke. Mitochondrial calcium overload leading to mitochondrial dysfunction represents an early event in excitotoxicity. Neurons are rendered resistant to excitotoxicity by previous periods of synaptic activity that activates a nuclear calcium-driven neuroprotective gene program. This process, termed acquired neuroprotection, involves transcriptional repression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter leading to a reduction in excitotoxcity-associated mitochondrial calcium load. As mitochondrial calcium and the production of reactive oxygen species may be linked, we monitored excitotoxicity-associated changes in the mitochondrial redox status using the ratiometric glutathione redox potential indicator, glutaredoxin 1 (GRX1)-redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP)2, targeted to the mitochondrial matrix. Aim of this study was to investigate if suppression of oxidative stress underlies mitoprotection afforded by synaptic activity. RESULTS We found that synaptic activity protects primary rat hippocampal neurons against acute excitotoxicity-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial contraction associated with it. Downregulation of the mitochondrial uniporter by genetic means mimics the protective effect of synaptic activity on mitochondrial redox status. These findings indicate that oxidative stress acts downstream of mitochondrial calcium overload in excitotoxicity. Innovation and Conclusion: We established mito-GRX1-roGFP2 as a reliable and sensitive tool to monitor rapid redox changes in mitochondria during excitotoxicity. Our results highlight the importance of developing means of blocking mitochondrial calcium overload for therapeutic targeting of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxid. Redox. Signal. 29, 1109-1124.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Depp
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Bas-Orth
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schroeder
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hellwig
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Metabolic regulation of synaptic activity. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:825-835. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Brain tissue is bioenergetically expensive. In humans, it composes approximately 2% of body weight and accounts for approximately 20% of calorie consumption. The brain consumes energy mostly for ion and neurotransmitter transport, a process that occurs primarily in synapses. Therefore, synapses are expensive for any living creature who has brain. In many brain diseases, synapses are damaged earlier than neurons start dying. Synapses may be considered as vulnerable sites on a neuron. Ischemic stroke, an acute disturbance of blood flow in the brain, is an example of a metabolic disease that affects synapses. The associated excessive glutamate release, called excitotoxicity, is involved in neuronal death in brain ischemia. Another example of a metabolic disease is hypoglycemia, a complication of diabetes mellitus, which leads to neuronal death and brain dysfunction. However, synapse function can be corrected with “bioenergetic medicine”. In this review, a ketogenic diet is discussed as a curative option. In support of a ketogenic diet, whereby carbohydrates are replaced for fats in daily meals, epileptic seizures can be terminated. In this review, we discuss possible metabolic sensors in synapses. These may include molecules that perceive changes in composition of extracellular space, for instance, ketone body and lactate receptors, or molecules reacting to changes in cytosol, for instance, KATP channels or AMP kinase. Inhibition of endocytosis is believed to be a universal synaptic mechanism of adaptation to metabolic changes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Fricker M, Tolkovsky AM, Borutaite V, Coleman M, Brown GC. Neuronal Cell Death. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:813-880. [PMID: 29488822 PMCID: PMC5966715 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death occurs extensively during development and pathology, where it is especially important because of the limited capacity of adult neurons to proliferate or be replaced. The concept of cell death used to be simple as there were just two or three types, so we just had to work out which type was involved in our particular pathology and then block it. However, we now know that there are at least a dozen ways for neurons to die, that blocking a particular mechanism of cell death may not prevent the cell from dying, and that non-neuronal cells also contribute to neuronal death. We review here the mechanisms of neuronal death by intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, oncosis, necroptosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, sarmoptosis, autophagic cell death, autosis, autolysis, paraptosis, pyroptosis, phagoptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition. We next explore the mechanisms of neuronal death during development, and those induced by axotomy, aberrant cell-cycle reentry, glutamate (excitoxicity and oxytosis), loss of connected neurons, aggregated proteins and the unfolded protein response, oxidants, inflammation, and microglia. We then reassess which forms of cell death occur in stroke and Alzheimer's disease, two of the most important pathologies involving neuronal cell death. We also discuss why it has been so difficult to pinpoint the type of neuronal death involved, if and why the mechanism of neuronal death matters, the molecular overlap and interplay between death subroutines, and the therapeutic implications of these multiple overlapping forms of neuronal death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fricker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Aviva M Tolkovsky
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Coleman
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Brown
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morales-Alamo D, Guerra B, Santana A, Martin-Rincon M, Gelabert-Rebato M, Dorado C, Calbet JAL. Skeletal Muscle Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphorylation and Lactate Accumulation During Sprint Exercise in Normoxia and Severe Acute Hypoxia: Effects of Antioxidants. Front Physiol 2018; 9:188. [PMID: 29615918 PMCID: PMC5867337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to normoxia, during sprint exercise in severe acute hypoxia the glycolytic rate is increased leading to greater lactate accumulation, acidification, and oxidative stress. To determine the role played by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activation and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS) in muscle lactate accumulation, nine volunteers performed a single 30-s sprint (Wingate test) on four occasions: two after the ingestion of placebo and another two following the intake of antioxidants, while breathing either hypoxic gas (PIO2 = 75 mmHg) or room air (PIO2 = 143 mmHg). Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before, immediately after, 30 and 120 min post-sprint. Antioxidants reduced the glycolytic rate without altering performance or VO2. Immediately after the sprints, Ser293- and Ser300-PDH-E1α phosphorylations were reduced to similar levels in all conditions (~66 and 91%, respectively). However, 30 min into recovery Ser293-PDH-E1α phosphorylation reached pre-exercise values while Ser300-PDH-E1α was still reduced by 44%. Thirty minutes after the sprint Ser293-PDH-E1α phosphorylation was greater with antioxidants, resulting in 74% higher muscle lactate concentration. Changes in Ser293 and Ser300-PDH-E1α phosphorylation from pre to immediately after the sprints were linearly related after placebo (r = 0.74, P < 0.001; n = 18), but not after antioxidants ingestion (r = 0.35, P = 0.15). In summary, lactate accumulation during sprint exercise in severe acute hypoxia is not caused by a reduced activation of the PDH. The ingestion of antioxidants is associated with increased PDH re-phosphorylation and slower elimination of muscle lactate during the recovery period. Ser293 re-phosphorylates at a faster rate than Ser300-PDH-E1α during the recovery period, suggesting slightly different regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Borja Guerra
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Clinical Genetics Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Cecilia Dorado
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rehni AK, Shukla V, Perez-Pinzon MA, Dave KR. Acidosis mediates recurrent hypoglycemia-induced increase in ischemic brain injury in treated diabetic rats. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:192-201. [PMID: 29551689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebral ischemia is a serious possible manifestation of diabetic vascular disease. Recurrent hypoglycemia (RH) enhances ischemic brain injury in insulin-treated diabetic (ITD) rats. In the present study, we determined the role of ischemic acidosis in enhanced ischemic brain damage in RH-exposed ITD rats. METHODS Diabetic rats were treated with insulin and mild/moderate RH was induced for 5 days. Three sets of experiments were performed. The first set evaluated the effects of RH exposure on global cerebral ischemia-induced acidosis in ITD rats. The second set evaluated the effect of an alkalizing agent (Tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane: THAM) on ischemic acidosis-induced brain injury in RH-exposed ITD rats. The third experiment evaluated the effect of the glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitor on ischemic acidosis-induced brain injury in RH-exposed ITD rats. Hippocampal pH and lactate were measured during ischemia and early reperfusion for all three experiments. Neuronal survival in Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) hippocampus served as a measure of ischemic brain injury. FINDINGS Prior RH exposure increases lactate concentration and decreases pH during ischemia and early reperfusion when compared to controls. THAM and GLUT inhibitor treatments attenuated RH-induced increase in ischemic acidosis. GLUT inhibitor treatment reduced the RH-induced increase in lactate levels. Both THAM and GLUT inhibitor treatments significantly decreased ischemic damage in RH-exposed ITD rats. CONCLUSIONS Ischemia causes increased acidosis in RH-exposed ITD rats via a GLUT-sensitive mechanism. Exploring downstream pathways may help understand mechanisms by which prior exposure to RH increases cerebral ischemic damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Rehni
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Vibha Shukla
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun JB, Li Y, Cai YF, Huang Y, Liu S, Yeung PK, Deng MZ, Sun GS, Zilundu PL, Hu QS, An RX, Zhou LH, Wang LX, Cheng X. Scutellarin protects oxygen/glucose-deprived astrocytes and reduces focal cerebral ischemic injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1396-1407. [PMID: 30106052 PMCID: PMC6108207 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellarin, a bioactive flavone isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, has anti-inflammatory, anti-neurotoxic, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effects and has been used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. However, the mechanisms by which scutellarin mediates neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia remain unclear. The interaction between scutellarin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) was assessed by molecular docking study, which showed that scutellarin selectively binds to NOX2 with high affinity. Cultures of primary astrocytes isolated from the cerebral cortex of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with 2, 10 or 50 μM scutellarin for 30 minutes. The astrocytes were then subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation by incubation for 2 hours in glucose-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in a 95% N2/5% CO2 incubator, followed by simulated reperfusion for 22 hours. Cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit-8 assay. Expression levels of NOX2, connexin 43 and caspase-3 were assessed by western blot assay. Reactive oxygen species were measured spectrophotometrically. Pretreatment with 10 or 50 μM scutellarin substantially increased viability, reduced the expression of NOX2 and caspase-3, increased the expression of connexin 43, and diminished the levels of reactive oxygen species in astrocytes subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. We also assessed the effects of scutellarin in vivo in the rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg scutellarin 2 hours before surgery. The Bederson scale was used to assess neurological deficit, and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure infarct size. Western blot assay was used to assess expression of NOX2 and connexin 43 in brain tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and 3-nitrotyrosin (3-NT) in brain tissue. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to determine the co-expression of caspase-3 and NeuN. Pretreatment with scutellarin improved the neurological function of rats with focal cerebral ischemia, reduced infarct size, diminished the expression of NOX2, reduced levels of 8-OHdG, 4-HNE and 3-NT, and reduced the number of cells co-expressing caspase-3 and NeuN in the injured brain tissue. Furthermore, we examined the effect of the NOX2 inhibitor apocynin. Apocynin substantially increased connexin 43 expression in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, our findings suggest that scutellarin protects against ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo by downregulating NOX2, upregulating connexin 43, decreasing oxidative damage, and reducing apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Anatomy, An Hui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Patrick Kk Yeung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Min-Zhen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang-Shun Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Prince Lm Zilundu
- Guangzhou Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian-Sheng Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rui-Xin An
- Guangzhou Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhou
- Guangzhou Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Novgorodov SA, Voltin JR, Gooz MA, Li L, Lemasters JJ, Gudz TI. Acid sphingomyelinase promotes mitochondrial dysfunction due to glutamate-induced regulated necrosis. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:312-329. [PMID: 29282302 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m080374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the glutamate/cystine antiporter system xc-, a key antioxidant defense machinery in the CNS, could trigger a novel form of regulated necrotic cell death, ferroptosis. The underlying mechanisms of system xc--dependent cell demise were elucidated using primary oligodendrocytes (OLs) treated with glutamate to block system xc- function. Pharmacological analysis revealed ferroptosis as a major contributing factor to glutamate-initiated OL death. A sphingolipid profile showed elevations of ceramide species and sphingosine that were preventable by inhibiting of an acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity. OL survival was enhanced by both downregulating ASM expression and blocking ASM activity. Glutamate-induced ASM activation seems to involve posttranscriptional mechanisms and was associated with a decreased GSH level. Further investigation of the mechanisms of OL response to glutamate revealed enhanced reactive oxygen species production, augmented lipid peroxidation, and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore that were attenuated by hindering ASM. Of note, knocking down sirtuin 3, a deacetylase governing the mitochondrial antioxidant system, reduced OL survival. The data highlight the importance of the mitochondrial compartment in regulated necrotic cell death and accentuate the novel role of ASM in disturbing mitochondrial functions during OL response to glutamate toxicity, which is essential for pathobiology in stroke and traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Novgorodov
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Joshua R Voltin
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Monika A Gooz
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Li Li
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - John J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Tatyana I Gudz
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 .,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Morales-Alamo D, Guerra B, Ponce-González JG, Guadalupe-Grau A, Santana A, Martin-Rincon M, Gelabert-Rebato M, Cadefau JA, Cusso R, Dorado C, Calbet JAL. Skeletal muscle signaling, metabolism, and performance during sprint exercise in severe acute hypoxia after the ingestion of antioxidants. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1235-1245. [PMID: 28819003 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00384.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if reactive oxygen species (ROS) could play a role in blunting Thr172-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle after sprint exercise in hypoxia and to elucidate the potential signaling mechanisms responsible for this response. Nine volunteers performed a single 30-s sprint (Wingate test) in two occasions while breathing hypoxic gas ([Formula: see text] = 75 mmHg): one after the ingestion of placebo and another following the intake of antioxidants (α-lipoic acid, vitamin C, and vitamin E), with a randomized double-blind design. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before, immediately after, and 30- and 120-min postsprint. Compared with the control condition, the ingestion of antioxidants resulted in lower plasma carbonylated proteins, attenuated elevation of the AMP-to-ATP molar ratio, and reduced glycolytic rate (P < 0.05) without significant effects on performance or V̇o2 The ingestion of antioxidants did not alter the basal muscle signaling. Thr172-AMPKα and Thr184/187-transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) phosphorylation were not increased after the sprint regardless of the ingestion of antioxidants. Thr286-CaMKII phosphorylation was increased after the sprint, but this response was blunted by the antioxidants. Ser485-AMPKα1/Ser491-AMPKα2 phosphorylation increased immediately after the sprints coincident with increased Akt phosphorylation. In summary, antioxidants attenuate the glycolytic response to sprint exercise in severe acute hypoxia and modify the muscle signaling response to exercise. Ser485-AMPKα1/Ser491-AMPKα2 phosphorylation, a known mechanism of Thr172-AMPKα phosphorylation inhibition, is increased immediately after sprint exercise in hypoxia, probably by a mechanism independent of ROS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The glycolytic rate is increased during sprint exercise in severe acute hypoxia. This study showed that the ingestion of antioxidants before sprint exercise in severe acute hypoxia reduced the glycolytic rate and attenuated the increases of the AMP-to-ATP and the reduction of the NAD+-to-NADH.H+ ratios. This resulted in a modified muscle signaling response with a blunted Thr286-CaMKII but similar AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation responses in the sprints preceded by the ingestion of antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Borja Guerra
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Guadalupe-Grau
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,Genetic Unit, Chilhood Hospital-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; and
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Joan A Cadefau
- Department of Biomedicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Cusso
- Department of Biomedicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Dorado
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - José A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; .,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion alters amyloid-β peptide pools leading to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microinfarcts and haemorrhages in Tg-SwDI mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2109-2123. [PMID: 28667120 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion is an early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that influences the progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Understanding the mechanism is of critical importance in the search for new effective therapies. We hypothesized that cerebral hypoperfusion promotes the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and degenerative changes in the brain and is a potential mechanism contributing to development of dementia. To address this, we studied the effects of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis on Aβ peptide pools in a transgenic mouse model of AD (transgenic mice with Swedish, Dutch and Iowa mutations in human amyloid precursor protein (APP) (Tg-SwDI)). Cerebrovascular integrity was characterized by quantifying the occurrence of microinfarcts and haemorrhages and compared with wild-type mice without Aβ. A significant increase in soluble Aβ peptides (Aβ40/42) was detected after 1 month of hypoperfusion in the parenchyma in parallel with elevated APP and APP proteolytic products. Following 3 months, a significant increase in insoluble Aβ40/42 was determined in the parenchyma and vasculature. Microinfarct load was significantly increased in the Tg-SwDI as compared with wild-type mice and further exacerbated by hypoperfusion at 1 and 3 months. In addition, the number of Tg-SwDI hypoperfused mice with haemorrhages was increased compared with hypoperfused wild-type mice. Soluble parenchymal Aβ was associated with elevated NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) which was exacerbated by 1-month hypoperfusion. We suggest that in response to hypoperfusion, increased Aβ production/deposition may contribute to degenerative processes by triggering oxidative stress promoting cerebrovascular disruption and the development of microinfarcts.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ma MW, Wang J, Zhang Q, Wang R, Dhandapani KM, Vadlamudi RK, Brann DW. NADPH oxidase in brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:7. [PMID: 28095923 PMCID: PMC5240251 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, as well as in ischemic and traumatic brain injury. The brain is highly vulnerable to oxidative damage due to its high metabolic demand. However, therapies attempting to scavenge free radicals have shown little success. By shifting the focus to inhibit the generation of damaging free radicals, recent studies have identified NADPH oxidase as a major contributor to disease pathology. NADPH oxidase has the primary function to generate free radicals. In particular, there is growing evidence that the isoforms NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 can be upregulated by a variety of neurodegenerative factors. The majority of recent studies have shown that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase enzymes are neuroprotective and able to reduce detrimental aspects of pathology following ischemic and traumatic brain injury, as well as in chronic neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to summarize evidence supporting the role of NADPH oxidase in the pathology of these neurological disorders, explores pharmacological strategies of targeting this major oxidative stress pathway, and outlines obstacles that need to be overcome for successful translation of these therapies to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merry W Ma
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Medical Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Majdi A, Mahmoudi J, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Golzari SE, Sabermarouf B, Reyhani-Rad S. Permissive role of cytosolic pH acidification in neurodegeneration: A closer look at its causes and consequences. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:879-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Samad E.J. Golzari
- Cardiovascular Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Babak Sabermarouf
- Neurosciences Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Siamak Reyhani-Rad
- Department of Laboratory Sciences; Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University; Marand Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The MicroRNA-224 Inhibitor Prevents Neuronal Apoptosis via Targeting Spastic Paraplegia 7 After Cerebral Ischemia. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:421-9. [PMID: 27165196 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the study of microRNA expression profile has shown that miR-224 was implicated in neuron injury, but the mechanism of miR-224 on regulating neuronal apoptosis is completely unclear until now. Therefore, the current study aims to illuminate the miR-224 and its target gene on the modulation of neuronal cell apoptosis induced by ischemic injury. In this study, we used oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced human-derived HCN-2 cells to establish the model of cerebral ischemia injury. We found that miR-224 was upregulated in injured cells (human brain cortical neuron). Using bioinformatics analyses, we found that miR-224 targeted the 3'UTR of spastic paraplegia 7 (SPG7) and the miR-224 inhibitor promoted expression of SPG7 and promoter activity of SPG7 3'UTR. In addition, we further found that miR-224 inhibitor enhanced interaction SPG7 with mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1) detected by co-immunoprecipitation in injured cells. The knockdown of SPG7 reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and caused higher mitochondrial calcium retention in injured cells. Knockdown of SPG7 inhibits expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Besides, the miR-224 inhibitor reduced neuronal cell apoptosis was increased by knockdown of either SPG7 or VDAC1. Overall, miR-224 inhibitor may prevent neuronal cell apoptosis by targeting SPG7 3'UTR and promote interaction SPG7 with VDAC1 after cerebral ischemia. Downregulation of SPG7 induces VDAC1 to form mitochondria permeability transition pore probably by inhibiting expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, resulting in mitochondrial membrane depolarization and higher mitochondrial calcium retention.
Collapse
|
32
|
Rueda CB, Llorente-Folch I, Traba J, Amigo I, Gonzalez-Sanchez P, Contreras L, Juaristi I, Martinez-Valero P, Pardo B, Del Arco A, Satrustegui J. Glutamate excitotoxicity and Ca2+-regulation of respiration: Role of the Ca2+ activated mitochondrial transporters (CaMCs). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1158-1166. [PMID: 27060251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate elicits Ca(2+) signals and workloads that regulate neuronal fate both in physiological and pathological circumstances. Oxidative phosphorylation is required in order to respond to the metabolic challenge caused by glutamate. In response to physiological glutamate signals, cytosolic Ca(2+) activates respiration by stimulation of the NADH malate-aspartate shuttle through Ca(2+)-binding to the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (Aralar/AGC1/Slc25a12), and by stimulation of adenine nucleotide uptake through Ca(2+) binding to the mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi carrier (SCaMC-3/Slc25a23). In addition, after Ca(2+) entry into the matrix through the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU), it activates mitochondrial dehydrogenases. In response to pathological glutamate stimulation during excitotoxicity, Ca(2+) overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction and delayed Ca(2+) deregulation (DCD) lead to neuronal death. Glutamate-induced respiratory stimulation is rapidly inactivated through a mechanism involving Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation, consumption of cytosolic NAD(+), a decrease in matrix ATP and restricted substrate supply. Glutamate-induced Ca(2+)-activation of SCaMC-3 imports adenine nucleotides into mitochondria, counteracting the depletion of matrix ATP and the impaired respiration, while Aralar-dependent lactate metabolism prevents substrate exhaustion. A second mechanism induced by excitotoxic glutamate is permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, which critically depends on ROS production and matrix Ca(2+) entry through the MCU. By increasing matrix content of adenine nucleotides, SCaMC-3 activity protects against glutamate-induced PTP opening and lowers matrix free Ca(2+), resulting in protracted appearance of DCD and protection against excitotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, while the lack of lactate protection during in vivo excitotoxicity explains increased vulnerability to kainite-induced toxicity in Aralar +/- mice. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos B Rueda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Irene Llorente-Folch
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Javier Traba
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, 20892 Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ignacio Amigo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paloma Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Laura Contreras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Inés Juaristi
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Paula Martinez-Valero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Beatriz Pardo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Araceli Del Arco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Jorgina Satrustegui
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cai L, Thibodeau A, Peng C, Ji X, Rastogi R, Xin R, Singh S, Geng X, Rafols JA, Ding Y. Combination therapy of normobaric oxygen with hypothermia or ethanol modulates pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in thromboembolic cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:749-58. [PMID: 27027410 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Cai
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Alexa Thibodeau
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
| | - Changya Peng
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
| | - Xunming Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Radhika Rastogi
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
| | - Ruiqiang Xin
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
- Department of Radiology, Luhe Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Sunpreet Singh
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Jose A. Rafols
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Computational Analysis of AMPK-Mediated Neuroprotection Suggests Acute Excitotoxic Bioenergetics and Glucose Dynamics Are Regulated by a Minimal Set of Critical Reactions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148326. [PMID: 26840769 PMCID: PMC4740490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of ionic homeostasis during excitotoxic stress depletes ATP levels and activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), re-establishing energy production by increased expression of glucose transporters on the plasma membrane. Here, we develop a computational model to test whether this AMPK-mediated glucose import can rapidly restore ATP levels following a transient excitotoxic insult. We demonstrate that a highly compact model, comprising a minimal set of critical reactions, can closely resemble the rapid dynamics and cell-to-cell heterogeneity of ATP levels and AMPK activity, as confirmed by single-cell fluorescence microscopy in rat primary cerebellar neurons exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity. The model further correctly predicted an excitotoxicity-induced elevation of intracellular glucose, and well resembled the delayed recovery and cell-to-cell heterogeneity of experimentally measured glucose dynamics. The model also predicted necrotic bioenergetic collapse and altered calcium dynamics following more severe excitotoxic insults. In conclusion, our data suggest that a minimal set of critical reactions may determine the acute bioenergetic response to transient excitotoxicity and that an AMPK-mediated increase in intracellular glucose may be sufficient to rapidly recover ATP levels following an excitotoxic insult.
Collapse
|
35
|
Assessment at the single-cell level identifies neuronal glutathione depletion as both a cause and effect of ischemia-reperfusion oxidative stress. J Neurosci 2015; 35:7143-52. [PMID: 25948264 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4826-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to neuronal death in brain ischemia-reperfusion. Tissue levels of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH) are depleted during ischemia-reperfusion, but it is unknown whether this depletion is a cause or an effect of oxidative stress, and whether it occurs in neurons or other cell types. We used immunohistochemical methods to evaluate glutathione, superoxide, and oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal neurons after transient forebrain ischemia. GSH levels in CA1 pyramidal neurons were normally high relative to surrounding neuropil, and exhibited a time-dependent decrease during the first few hours of reperfusion. Colabeling for superoxide in the neurons showed a concurrent increase in detectable superoxide over this interval. To identify cause-effect relationships between these changes, we independently manipulated superoxide production and GSH metabolism during reperfusion. Mice in which NADPH oxidase activity was blocked to prevent superoxide production showed preservation of neuronal GSH content, thus demonstrating that neuronal GSH depletion is result of oxidative stress. Conversely, mice in which neuronal GSH levels were maintained by N-acetyl cysteine treatment during reperfusion showed less neuronal superoxide signal, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. At 3 d following ischemia, GSH content in reactive astrocytes and microglia was increased in the hippocampal CA1 relative to surviving neurons. Results of these studies demonstrate that neuronal GSH depletion is both a result and a cause of neuronal oxidative stress after ischemia-reperfusion, and that postischemic restoration of neuronal GSH levels can be neuroprotective.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wu JS, Tsai HD, Cheung WM, Hsu CY, Lin TN. PPAR-γ Ameliorates Neuronal Apoptosis and Ischemic Brain Injury via Suppressing NF-κB-Driven p22phox Transcription. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3626-3645. [PMID: 26108185 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), a stress-induced transcription factor, protects neurons against ischemic stroke insult by reducing oxidative stress. NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation, a major driving force in ROS generation in the setting of reoxygenation/reperfusion, constitutes an important pathogenetic mechanism of ischemic brain damage. In the present study, both transient in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation and in vivo middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion-reperfusion experimental paradigms of ischemic neuronal death were used to investigate the interaction between PPAR-γ and NOX. With pharmacological (PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662), loss-of-function (PPAR-γ siRNA), and gain-of-function (Ad-PPAR-γ) approaches, we first demonstrated that 15-deoxy-∆(12,14)-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2), via selectively attenuating p22phox expression, inhibited NOX activation and the subsequent ROS generation and neuronal death in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner. Secondly, results of promoter analyses and subcellular localization studies further revealed that PPAR-γ, via inhibiting hypoxia-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, indirectly suppressed NF-κB-driven p22phox transcription. Noteworthily, postischemic p22phox siRNA treatment not only reduced infarct volumes but also improved functional outcome. In summary, we report a novel transrepression mechanism involving PPAR-γ downregulation of p22phox expression to suppress the subsequent NOX activation, ischemic neuronal death, and brain infarct. Identification of a PPAR-γ → NF-κB → p22phox neuroprotective signaling cascade opens a new avenue for protecting the brain against ischemic insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Sheng Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Rm 404, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Da Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Rm 404, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wai-Mui Cheung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Rm 404, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Nan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Rm 404, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Garbarino VR, Orr ME, Rodriguez KA, Buffenstein R. Mechanisms of oxidative stress resistance in the brain: Lessons learned from hypoxia tolerant extremophilic vertebrates. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 576:8-16. [PMID: 25841340 PMCID: PMC4843805 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Oxidative Stress Theory of Aging has had tremendous impact in research involving aging and age-associated diseases including those that affect the nervous system. With over half a century of accrued data showing both strong support for and against this theory, there is a need to critically evaluate the data acquired from common biomedical research models, and to also diversify the species used in studies involving this proximate theory. One approach is to follow Orgel's second axiom that "evolution is smarter than we are" and judiciously choose species that may have evolved to live with chronic or seasonal oxidative stressors. Vertebrates that have naturally evolved to live under extreme conditions (e.g., anoxia or hypoxia), as well as those that undergo daily or seasonal torpor encounter both decreased oxygen availability and subsequent reoxygenation, with concomitant increased oxidative stress. Due to its high metabolic activity, the brain may be particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. Here, we focus on oxidative stress responses in the brains of certain mouse models as well as extremophilic vertebrates. Exploring the naturally evolved biological tools utilized to cope with seasonal or environmentally variable oxygen availability may yield key information pertinent for how to deal with oxidative stress and thereby mitigate its propagation of age-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina R Garbarino
- Department of Physiology, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
| | - Miranda E Orr
- Department of Physiology, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
| | - Karl A Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Department of Physiology, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shah KK, Boreddy PR, Abbruscato TJ. Nicotine pre-exposure reduces stroke-induced glucose transporter-1 activity at the blood-brain barrier in mice. Fluids Barriers CNS 2015; 12:10. [PMID: 25925411 PMCID: PMC4425877 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-015-0005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With growing electronic cigarette usage in both the smoking and nonsmoking population, rigorous studies are needed to investigate the effects of nicotine on biological systems to determine long-term health consequences. We have previously shown that nicotine exerts specific neurovascular effects that influence blood brain barrier (BBB) function in response to stroke. In this study, we investigated the effects of nicotine on carrier-mediated glucose transport into ischemic brain. Specifically, the present study investigates glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) function and expression at the BBB in a focal brain ischemia model of mice pre-exposed to nicotine. Methods Nicotine was administrated subcutaneously by osmotic pump at the dose of 4.5 mg/kg/day for 1, 7, or 14 days to reflect the plasma levels seen in smokers. Ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury was induced by 1 h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and 24 h reperfusion. Glucose transport was estimated using an in situ brain perfusion technique with radiolabeled glucose and brain vascular GLUT1 expression was detected with immunofluorescence. Results The nicotine pre-exposure (1, 7 & 14 day) resulted in significant reduction in D-glucose influx rate (Kin) across the BBB, with a 49% reduction in 14 day nicotine-infused animals. We observed a 41% increase in carrier-mediated glucose transport across the BBB in saline-infused tMCAO animals compared to saline-infused sham animals. Interestingly, in the tMCAO group of animals pre-exposed to nicotine for 14 days had significantly attenuated increased glucose transport by 80% and 38% compared to saline-infused tMCAO and sham animals respectively. Furthermore, immunofluorescence studies of GLUT1 protein expression in the brain microvascular endothelium confirmed that GLUT1 was also induced in saline-infused tMCAO animals and this protein expression induction was reduced significantly (P < 0.01) with 14 day nicotine pre-exposure in tMCAO animals. Conclusions Nicotine pre-exposure reduced the IR-enhanced GLUT1 transporter function and expression at the BBB in a focal brain ischemia mouse model. These studies suggest that nicotine exposure prior to stroke could create an enhanced glucose deprived state at the neurovascular unit (NVU) and could provide an additional vulnerability to enhanced stroke injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik K Shah
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300S Coulter, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
| | - Purushotham Reddy Boreddy
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300S Coulter, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA. .,National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Cancer Biology, Laboratory No. 6, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300S Coulter, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hyperglycemia accentuates and ketonemia attenuates hypoglycemia-induced neuronal injury in the developing rat brain. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:84-90. [PMID: 25279990 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged hypoglycemia leads to brain injury, despite treatment with 10% dextrose. Whether induction of hyperglycemia or ketonemia achieves better neuroprotection is unknown. Hyperglycemia is neuroprotective in other brain injuries during development; however, it worsens hypoglycemia-induced injury in the adult brain via poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) overactivation. METHODS Three-week-old rats were subjected to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and treated with 10% dextrose or 50% dextrose. Neuronal injury, PARP-1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) III/TrkB/p75(NTR) expressions were determined. In the second experiment, ketonemia was induced by administering β-hydroxybutyrate during hypoglycemia and its effect on neuronal injury was compared with those conventionally treated using 10% dextrose. RESULTS Both 10 and 50% dextrose administration led to hyperglycemia (50% dextrose > 10% dextrose). Compared with the 10% dextrose group, neuronal injury was greater in the 50% dextrose group and was accompanied by PARP-1 overactivation. BDNF III and p75(NTR), but not TrkBFL, mRNA expressions were upregulated. Neuronal injury was less severe in the rats subjected to ketonemia, compared with those conventionally treated using 10% dextrose. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia accentuated hypoglycemia-induced neuronal injury, likely via PARP-1 overactivation. Although BDNF was upregulated, it was not neuroprotective and potentially exaggerated injury by binding to p75(NTR) receptor. Conversely, ketonemia during hypoglycemia attenuated neuronal injury.
Collapse
|
40
|
Connolly NMC, Prehn JHM. The metabolic response to excitotoxicity - lessons from single-cell imaging. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 47:75-88. [PMID: 25262286 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is a pathological process implicated in neuronal death during ischaemia, traumatic brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. Excitotoxicity is caused by excess levels of glutamate and over-activation of NMDA or calcium-permeable AMPA receptors on neuronal membranes, leading to ionic influx, energetic stress and potential neuronal death. The metabolic response of neurons to excitotoxicity is complex and plays a key role in the ability of the neuron to adapt and recover from such an insult. Single-cell imaging is a powerful experimental technique that can be used to study the neuronal metabolic response to excitotoxicity in vitro and, increasingly, in vivo. Here, we review some of the knowledge of the neuronal metabolic response to excitotoxicity gained from in vitro single-cell imaging, including calcium and ATP dynamics and their effects on mitochondrial function, along with the contribution of glucose metabolism, oxidative stress and additional neuroprotective signalling mechanisms. Future work will combine knowledge gained from single-cell imaging with data from biochemical and computational techniques to garner holistic information about the metabolic response to excitotoxicity at the whole brain level and transfer this knowledge to a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M C Connolly
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nicholls DG, Brand MD, Gerencser AA. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and neuronal survival modelled in primary neuronal culture and isolated nerve terminals. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 47:63-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|