1
|
Wang N, Zhang C. Oxidative Stress: A Culprit in the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:455. [PMID: 38671903 PMCID: PMC11047699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the principal culprit behind chronic kidney disease (CKD), ultimately developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and necessitating costly dialysis or kidney transplantation. The limited therapeutic efficiency among individuals with DKD is a result of our finite understanding of its pathogenesis. DKD is the result of complex interactions between various factors. Oxidative stress is a fundamental factor that can establish a link between hyperglycemia and the vascular complications frequently encountered in diabetes, particularly DKD. It is crucial to recognize the essential and integral role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic vascular complications, particularly DKD. Hyperglycemia is the primary culprit that can trigger an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately sparking oxidative stress. The main endogenous sources of ROS include mitochondrial ROS production, NADPH oxidases (Nox), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and lipoxygenase. Under persistent high glucose levels, immune cells, the complement system, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), polyol pathway, and the hexosamine pathway are activated. Consequently, the oxidant-antioxidant balance within the body is disrupted, which triggers a series of reactions in various downstream pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth factor beta/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (TGF-β/p38-MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. The disease might persist even if strict glucose control is achieved, which can be attributed to epigenetic modifications. The treatment of DKD remains an unresolved issue. Therefore, reducing ROS is an intriguing therapeutic target. The clinical trials have shown that bardoxolone methyl, a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, blood glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can effectively slow down the progression of DKD by reducing oxidative stress. Other antioxidants, including vitamins, lipoic acid, Nox inhibitors, epigenetic regulators, and complement inhibitors, present a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of DKD. In this review, we conduct a thorough assessment of both preclinical studies and current findings from clinical studies that focus on targeted interventions aimed at manipulating these pathways. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this area and identify key areas for future exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li XJ, Suo P, Wang YN, Zou L, Nie XL, Zhao YY, Miao H. Arachidonic acid metabolism as a therapeutic target in AKI-to-CKD transition. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1365802. [PMID: 38523633 PMCID: PMC10957658 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1365802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a main component of cell membrane lipids. AA is mainly metabolized by three enzymes: cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450). Esterified AA is hydrolysed by phospholipase A2 into a free form that is further metabolized by COX, LOX and CYP450 to a wide range of bioactive mediators, including prostaglandins, lipoxins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress is considered to be a central mechanism in the pathophysiology of the kidney. Along with increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and tissue fibrosis drive the progressive loss of kidney function, affecting the glomerular filtration barrier and the tubulointerstitium. Recent studies have shown that AA and its active derivative eicosanoids play important roles in the regulation of physiological kidney function and the pathogenesis of kidney disease. These factors are potentially novel biomarkers, especially in the context of their involvement in inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. In this review, we introduce the three main metabolic pathways of AA and discuss the molecular mechanisms by which these pathways affect the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This review may provide new therapeutic targets for the identification of AKI to CKD continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Suo
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei L, Gao J, Wang L, Tao Q, Tu C. Multi-omics analysis reveals the potential pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of diabetic kidney disease. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:122-137. [PMID: 37774345 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinicians have long been interested in understanding the molecular basis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD)and its potential treatment targets. Its pathophysiology involves protein phosphorylation, one of the most recognizable post-transcriptional modifications, that can take part in many cellular functions and control different metabolic processes. In order to recognize the molecular and protein changes of DKD kidney, this study applied Tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Next-Generation Sequencing, along with Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) labeling techniques to evaluate the mRNA, protein and modified phosphorylation sites between DKD mice and model ones. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses of transcriptome and proteome, The molecular changes of DKD include accumulation of extracellular matrix, abnormally activated inflammatory microenvironment, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorders, leading to glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Oxidative stress has been emphasized as an important factor in DKD and progression to ESKD, which is directly related to podocyte injury, albuminuria and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. A histological study of phosphorylation further revealed that kinases were crucial. Three groups of studies have found that RAS signaling pathway, RAP1 signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway were crucial for the pathogenesis of DKD. Through this approach, it was discovered that targeting specific molecules, proteins, kinases and critical pathways could be a promising approach for treating DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Zhonglou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Liangzhi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Qianru Tao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sinha SK, Nicholas SB. Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7349. [PMID: 38068400 PMCID: PMC10707303 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12237349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide occurrence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is swiftly rising, primarily attributed to the growing population of individuals affected by type 2 diabetes. This surge has been transformed into a substantial global concern, placing additional strain on healthcare systems already grappling with significant demands. The pathogenesis of DKD is intricate, originating with hyperglycemia, which triggers various mechanisms and pathways: metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammatory, and fibrotic which ultimately lead to renal damage. Within each pathway, several mediators contribute to the development of renal structural and functional changes. Some of these mediators, such as inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and transforming growth factor β are shared among the different pathways, leading to significant overlap and interaction between them. While current treatment options for DKD have shown advancement over previous strategies, their effectiveness remains somewhat constrained as patients still experience residual risk of disease progression. Therefore, a comprehensive grasp of the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of DKD is imperative for the continued creation of novel and groundbreaking therapies for this condition. In this review, we discuss the current achievements in fundamental research, with a particular emphasis on individual factors and recent developments in DKD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Susanne B. Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Talukdar PD, Chatterji U. Transcriptional co-activators: emerging roles in signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:427. [PMID: 37953273 PMCID: PMC10641101 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific cell states in metazoans are established by the symphony of gene expression programs that necessitate intricate synergic interactions between transcription factors and the co-activators. Deregulation of these regulatory molecules is associated with cell state transitions, which in turn is accountable for diverse maladies, including developmental disorders, metabolic disorders, and most significantly, cancer. A decade back most transcription factors, the key enablers of disease development, were historically viewed as 'undruggable'; however, in the intervening years, a wealth of literature validated that they can be targeted indirectly through transcriptional co-activators, their confederates in various physiological and molecular processes. These co-activators, along with transcription factors, have the ability to initiate and modulate transcription of diverse genes necessary for normal physiological functions, whereby, deregulation of such interactions may foster tissue-specific disease phenotype. Hence, it is essential to analyze how these co-activators modulate specific multilateral processes in coordination with other factors. The proposed review attempts to elaborate an in-depth account of the transcription co-activators, their involvement in transcription regulation, and context-specific contributions to pathophysiological conditions. This review also addresses an issue that has not been dealt with in a comprehensive manner and hopes to direct attention towards future research that will encompass patient-friendly therapeutic strategies, where drugs targeting co-activators will have enhanced benefits and reduced side effects. Additional insights into currently available therapeutic interventions and the associated constraints will eventually reveal multitudes of advanced therapeutic targets aiming for disease amelioration and good patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dey Talukdar
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Urmi Chatterji
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dwivedi S, Chavan A, Paul AT. SET7, a lysine-specific methyl transferase: An intriguing epigenetic target to combat diabetic nephropathy. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103754. [PMID: 37648018 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a dreadful complication of diabetes that affects ∼50% of diabetics and is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Studies have linked aberrant expression of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) to the onset and progression of DN. SET7 is a KMT that methylates specific lysine residues of the histone and nonhistone proteins. It plays an important role in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated genes that are responsible for the inflammatory cascade observed in DN. Inhibiting SET7 has potential to attenuate renal disorders in animal studies. This review will focus on the role of SET7 in DN and its potential as a therapeutic target to combat DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Dwivedi
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani Campus), Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Atharva Chavan
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani Campus), Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Atish T Paul
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani Campus), Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wei M, Liu X, Tan Z, Tian X, Li M, Wei J. Ferroptosis: a new strategy for Chinese herbal medicine treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1188003. [PMID: 37361521 PMCID: PMC10289168 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1188003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes. It has become a leading cause of death in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered pattern of programmed cell death. Its main manifestation is the excessive accumulation of intracellular iron ion-dependent lipid peroxides. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is an important driving factor in the onset and development of DN. Ferroptosis is closely associated with renal intrinsic cell (including renal tubular epithelial cells, podocytes, and mesangial cells) damage in diabetes. Chinese herbal medicine is widely used in the treatment of DN, with a long history and definite curative effect. Accumulating evidence suggests that Chinese herbal medicine can modulate ferroptosis in renal intrinsic cells and show great potential for improving DN. In this review, we outline the key regulators and pathways of ferroptosis in DN and summarize the herbs, mainly monomers and extracts, that target the inhibition of ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoying Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Department of Emergency, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijuan Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Hospital of Xingtai, Xingtai, Heibei, China
| | - Xiaochan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingdi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu S, Wang C, Yao M, Han D, Li Q. Photothermal lipolysis accelerates ECM production via macrophage-derived ALOX15-mediated p38 MAPK activation in fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200321. [PMID: 36529997 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Skin and subcutaneous tissue tightening is usually treated by noninvasive photothermal treatment for medical esthetics purpose, while the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we hypothesized that adipocyte injury, as a stimulator, may regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) production by increasing ALOX15 in macrophages, which could lead to fibroblast activation. In this study, we show that lipolysis was induced by laser heating (45°C for 15 min) in patients and rats, and adipocyte thermal injury stimulates the ECM production in fibroblasts by ALOX15 that was increased in cocultured macrophages. These phenomena were evidenced by the ALOX15 knockdown. In addition, ALOX15 metabolite 12(S)-HETE activated p38 MAPK signaling pathway that mediated the production of ECM in fibroblast. In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that the mechanisms of adipose photothermal injury-induced skin and/or subcutaneous tissue tightening may have clinical relevance for noninvasive or minimally invasive photothermal therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kourtidou C, Tziomalos K. The Role of Histone Modifications in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24066007. [PMID: 36983082 PMCID: PMC10051814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24066007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. The pathogenesis of DKD is multifactorial, with several molecular pathways implicated. Recent data suggest that histone modification plays an important role in the development and progression of DKD. Histone modification appears to induce oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the diabetic kidney. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on the association between histone modification and DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christodoula Kourtidou
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tissue transglutaminase exacerbates renal fibrosis via alternative activation of monocyte-derived macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:136. [PMID: 36864028 PMCID: PMC9981766 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are important components in modulating homeostatic and inflammatory responses and are generally categorized into two broad but distinct subsets: classical activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) depending on the microenvironment. Fibrosis is a chronic inflammatory disease exacerbated by M2 macrophages, although the detailed mechanism by which M2 macrophage polarization is regulated remains unclear. These polarization mechanisms have little in common between mice and humans, making it difficult to adapt research results obtained in mice to human diseases. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a known marker common to mouse and human M2 macrophages and is a multifunctional enzyme responsible for crosslinking reactions. Here we sought to identify the role of TG2 in macrophage polarization and fibrosis. In IL-4-treated macrophages derived from mouse bone marrow and human monocyte cells, the expression of TG2 was increased with enhancement of M2 macrophage markers, whereas knockout or inhibitor treatment of TG2 markedly suppressed M2 macrophage polarization. In the renal fibrosis model, accumulation of M2 macrophages in fibrotic kidney was significantly reduced in TG2 knockout or inhibitor-administrated mice, along with the resolution of fibrosis. Bone marrow transplantation using TG2-knockout mice revealed that TG2 is involved in M2 polarization of infiltrating macrophages derived from circulating monocytes and exacerbates renal fibrosis. Furthermore, the suppression of renal fibrosis in TG2-knockout mice was abolished by transplantation of wild-type bone marrow or by renal subcapsular injection of IL4-treated macrophages derived from bone marrow of wild-type, but not TG2 knockout. Transcriptome analysis of downstream targets involved in M2 macrophages polarization revealed that ALOX15 expression was enhanced by TG2 activation and promoted M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, the increase in the abundance of ALOX15-expressing macrophages in fibrotic kidney was dramatically suppressed in TG2-knockout mice. These findings demonstrated that TG2 activity exacerbates renal fibrosis by polarization of M2 macrophages from monocytes via ALOX15.
Collapse
|
11
|
Davis JL, Kennedy C, Clerkin S, Treacy NJ, Dodd T, Moss C, Murphy A, Brazil DP, Cagney G, Brougham DF, Murad R, Finlay D, Vuori K, Crean J. Single-cell multiomics reveals the complexity of TGFβ signalling to chromatin in iPSC-derived kidney organoids. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1301. [PMID: 36435939 PMCID: PMC9701233 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ1 plays a regulatory role in the determination of renal cell fate and the progression of renal fibrosis. Here we show an association between SMAD3 and the histone methyltransferase, EZH2, during cell differentiation; ChIP-seq revealed that SMAD3 and EZH2 co-occupy the genome in iPSCs and in iPSC-derived nephron progenitors. Through integration of single cell gene expression and epigenome profiling, we identified de novo ACTA2+ve/POSTN+ve myofibroblasts in kidney organoids treated with TGFβ1, characterised by increased SMAD3-dependent cis chromatin accessibility and gene expression associated with fibroblast activation. We have identified fibrosis-associated regulons characterised by enrichment of SMAD3, AP1, the ETS family of transcription factors, and NUAK1, CREB3L1, and RARG, corresponding to enriched motifs at accessible loci identified by scATACseq. Treatment with the EZH2 specific inhibitor GSK343, blocked SMAD3-dependent cis co-accessibility and inhibited myofibroblast activation. This mechanism, through which TGFβ signals directly to chromatin, represents a critical determinant of fibrotic, differentiated states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Davis
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4 Ireland
| | - Ciaran Kennedy
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4 Ireland
| | - Shane Clerkin
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4 Ireland
| | - Niall J. Treacy
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4 Ireland
| | - Thomas Dodd
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4 Ireland
| | - Catherine Moss
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD Genomics Core Facility, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4 Ireland
| | - Alison Murphy
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD Genomics Core Facility, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4 Ireland
| | - Derek P. Brazil
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gerard Cagney
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4 Ireland
| | - Dermot F. Brougham
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4 Ireland
| | - Rabi Murad
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Sanford Burnham Prebys Institute for Medical Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Darren Finlay
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Sanford Burnham Prebys Institute for Medical Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Sanford Burnham Prebys Institute for Medical Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - John Crean
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu J, Jin L, Sun Y, Zhang R, Chen X, Zhou R, Gu Y, Hu C. 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is significantly increased in diabetic kidney disease and associated with renal function decline. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3554. [PMID: 35667014 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (12(S)-HETE), an alternate arachidonic acid metabolite, has been recently examined in metabolic disease. However, the role of 12(S)-HETE in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. We studied for the first time the relationship of serum 12(S)-HETE and DKD and renal function parameters in a Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 275 subjects who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for more than 10 years, including 149 DKD patients and 126 T2DM patients without DKD. Serum 12(S)-HETE was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum 12(S)-HETE was significantly higher in DKD patients than controls [384.69 (77.54, 1003.05) pg/ml and 17.77 (8.11, 75.13) pg/ml, respectively, p < 0.0001]. Compared to controls, 12(S)-HETE was significantly increased in both macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria groups (p < 0.0001). Further, the macroalbuminuria group also had a higher serum 12(S)-HETE level compared to the microalbuminuria group (p = 0.0063). Moreover, serum 12(S)-HETE was positively correlated with the albuminuria level (r = 0.5833, p < 0.0001), serum creatinine (r = 0.2725, p < 0.0001), and was negatively associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.2085, p = 0.0005). Further, receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) revealed that 12(S)-HETE had a good performance of distinguishing DKD from controls (AUC 0.828) with a sensitivity of 0.913 and a specificity of 0.711. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that serum 12(S)-HETE significantly associated with DKD and disease severity, suggesting that serum 12(S)-HETE may be used as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghui Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranran Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjuan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sodium Butyrate Attenuates Diabetic Kidney Disease Partially via Histone Butyrylation Modification. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:7643322. [PMID: 35909658 PMCID: PMC9329006 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7643322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and fibrosis are the important pathophysiologic processes in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is induced by epigenetics, especially histone posttranslational modification (HPTMs). Recent reports highlighted that butyrate, one of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) primarily originated from the fermentation of dietary fiber in the gut, attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in the prevention and treatment of DKD; however, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Histone lysine butyrylation (Kbu), a novel histone modification marker induced by butyrate, has been found to be involved in the regulation of pathophysiological processes. To reveal the mechanisms of butyrate-induced histone (Kbu), in the prevention and treatment of DKD, both DKD models in vivo and in vitro were treated with sodium butyrate (NaB). Our results confirmed that exogenous NaB improved the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism, prevented proteinuria and renal failure, and inhibited renal inflammation and fibrosis. Meanwhile, NaB also induced histone Kbu and H3K9 butyrylation (H3K9bu) in vivo and in vitro; however, inhibition of histone Kbu with the histone modification enzyme p300 inhibitor A485 reversed the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects of NaB. In conclusion, our data reveal that NaB antagonizes renal inflammatory and fibrosis injury and attenuates DKD possibly via histone Kbu, suggesting that butyrate-induced histone Kbu or H3K9bu may be an important molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis and treatment of DKD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu N, Liu Y, Dong D, Yu J, Yuan H. Effects of Inflammatory Factor Expression Regulated by 12/15 Lipoxygenase on Obesity-Related Nephropathy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132743. [PMID: 35807921 PMCID: PMC9268756 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been demonstrated that 12/15-lipoxygenase (LO) contributes to insulin resistance by promoting beta cells’ exposure to inflammation. We investigate the mechanism by which 12/15-LO regulates the expression of inflammatory factors in obesity-related glomerular disease (ORG). Methods: Glomerular mesangial cells were treated with metabolite of 12/15-LO, and the expression of inflammatory factors was measured. Cell histones methylation in 12/15-LO related metabolic memory process were evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Wild-type (WT) and 12/15-LO knockout mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce ORG. Results: 12(S)-HETE increased TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 mRNA expression. Inhibition of 12/15-LO reduced the expression of inflammatory factors stimulated by PA or TNF-α. ChIP assays showed that 12(S)-HETE increased H3K4me modification in the TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 gene promoters, and decreased H3K9me3 modification in the MCP-1 and IL-6 gene promoter. Urinary albumin excretion was greater in HFD-fed than in standard fat diet-fed mice, but both urinary protein and microalbumin amounts were lower in HFD-fed 12/15-LO knockout than in WT mice. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 in serum and renal cortex were higher in WT than in 12/15-LO knockout mice. Conclusions: 12/15-LO may regulate the expression of inflammatory factors in ORG by methylation of histones in the promoter regions of genes encoding inflammatory factors, sustaining the inflammatory phenotype of ORG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Xin Min Street 1, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Xin Min Street 1, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.L.); (D.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Xin Min Street 1, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.L.); (D.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinyu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Xin Min Street 1, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.L.); (D.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Xin Min Street 1, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.L.); (D.D.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-17604307906
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu R, Li S, Hudlikar R, Wang L, Shannar A, Peter R, Chou PJ, Kuo HCD, Liu Z, Kong AN. Redox signaling, mitochondrial metabolism, epigenetics and redox active phytochemicals. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:328-336. [PMID: 33359432 PMCID: PMC8222414 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological redox signaling plays an important role in many diseases. Redox signaling involves reductive and oxidative mechanisms. Oxidative stress occurs when reductive mechanism underwhelms oxidative challenges. Cellular oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RO/NS) exceed the cellular reductive/antioxidant capacity. Endogenously produced RO/NS from mitochondrial metabolic citric-acid-cycle coupled with electron-transport-chain or exogenous stimuli trigger cellular signaling events leading to homeostatic response or pathological damage. Recent evidence suggests that RO/NS also modulate epigenetic machinery driving gene expression. RO/NS affect DNA methylation/demethylation, histone acetylation/deacetylation or histone methylation/demethylation. Many health beneficial phytochemicals possess redox capability that counteract RO/NS either by directly scavenging the radicals or via inductive mechanism of cellular defense antioxidant/reductive enzymes. Amazingly, these phytochemicals also possess epigenetic modifying ability. This review summarizes the latest advances on the interactions between redox signaling, mitochondrial metabolism, epigenetics and redox active phytochemicals and the future challenges of integrating these events in human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Shanyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Rasika Hudlikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ahmad Shannar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Rebecca Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Pochung Jordan Chou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ying C, Zhou Z, Dai J, Wang M, Xiang J, Sun D, Zhou X. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by RAC1 mediates a new mechanism in diabetic nephropathy. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:191-204. [PMID: 35028708 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is central to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although the exact mechanisms of inflammation in the kidney have not been well elucidated, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is involved in the onset and progression of DN. Here, we investigated the underlying regulatory mechanisms of hyperglycaemia-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the kidney. METHODS HEK293T cells received high glucose, and the cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected. Biochemical indicators in db/db mice were tested by kits, and the morphological changes in the kidney were observed using staining methods and transmission electron microscopy. The interaction of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) and NLRP3 inflammasome in cells and in mice was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence. Expression of all proteins was examined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In additional, the directly combination of RAC1 and NLRP3 was evaluated by GST Pulldown. RESULTS High-glucose and hyperglycaemia conditions resulted in Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) and NLRP3 inflammasome interactions in cells and in mice. Additionally, RAC1 promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation and then induced cell damage, and morphological and functional abnormalities in the kidney. We also observed that RAC1 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by directly binding to NLRP3. CONCLUSION In the present study, we confirmed that RAC1 binding to NLRP3 is sufficient to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in the kidney and accelerate DN pathological processes. These results elucidate the upstream cellular and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhou
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Dai
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Montford JR, Bauer C, Rahkola J, Reisz JA, Floyd D, Hopp K, Soranno DE, Klawitter J, Weiser-Evans MCM, Nemenoff R, Faubel S, Furgeson SB. 15-Lipoxygenase worsens renal fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolism in a murine model of ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F105-F119. [PMID: 34866403 PMCID: PMC8742724 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00214.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
15-Lipoxygenase (15-LO) is a nonheme iron-containing dioxygenase that has both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles in many tissues and disease states. 15-LO is thought to influence macrophage phenotype, and silencing 15-LO reduces fibrosis after acute inflammatory triggers. The goal of the present study was to determine whether altering 15-LO expression influences inflammation and fibrogenesis in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). C57BL/6J mice, 15-LO knockout (Alox15-/-) mice, and 15-LO transgenic overexpressing (15LOTG) mice were subjected UUO, and kidneys were analyzed at 3, 10, and 14 days postinjury. Histology for fibrosis, inflammation, cytokine quantification, flow cytometry, and metabolomics were performed on injured tissues and controls. PD146176, a specific 15-LO inhibitor, was used to complement experiments involving knockout animals. Compared with wild-type animals undergoing UUO, Alox15-/- mouse kidneys had less proinflammatory, profibrotic message along with less fibrosis and macrophage infiltration. PD146176 inhibited 15-LO and resulted in reduced fibrosis and macrophage infiltration similar to Alox15-/- mice. Flow cytometry revealed that Alox15-/- UUO-injured kidneys had a dynamic change in macrophage phenotype, with an early blunting of CD11bHiLy6CHi "M1" macrophages and an increase in anti-inflammatory CD11bHiLy6CInt "M2c" macrophages and reduced expression of the fractalkine receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1. Many of these findings were reversed when UUO was performed on 15LOTG mice. Metabolomics analysis revealed that wild-type kidneys developed a glycolytic shift postinjury, while Alox15-/- kidneys exhibited increased oxidative phosphorylation. In conclusion, 15-LO manipulation by genetic or pharmacological means induces dynamic changes in the inflammatory microenvironment in the UUO model and appears to be critical in the progression of UUO-induced fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LO) has both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in leukocytes, and its role in kidney injury and repair is unexplored. Our study showed that 15-LO worsens inflammation and fibrosis in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease using genetic and pharmacological manipulation. Silencing 15-LO promotes an increase in M2c-like wound-healing macrophages in the kidney and alters kidney metabolism globally, protecting against anaerobic glycolysis after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Montford
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Colin Bauer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jeremy Rahkola
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Deanna Floyd
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katharina Hopp
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Danielle E Soranno
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Raphael Nemenoff
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sarah Faubel
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Seth B Furgeson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gao L, Yu W, Song P, Li Q. Non-histone methylation of SET7/9 and its biological functions. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:231-243. [PMID: 34856916 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666211202160041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (su(var)-3-9,enhancer-of-zeste,trithorax) domain-containing protein 7/9 (SET7/9) is a member of the protein lysine methyltransferases (PLMTs or PKMTs) family. It contains a SET domain. Recent studies demonstrate that SET7/9 methylates both lysine 4 of histone 3 (H3-K4) and lysine(s) of non-histone proteins, including transcription factors, tumor suppressors, and membrane-associated receptors. OBJECTIVE This article mainly reviews the non-histone methylation effects of SET7/9 and its functions in tumorigenesis and development. METHODS PubMed was screened for this information. RESULTS SET7/9 plays a key regulatory role in various biological processes such as cell proliferation, transcription regulation, cell cycle, protein stability, cardiac morphogenesis, and development. In addition, SET7/9 is involved in the pathogenesis of hair loss, breast cancer progression, human carotid plaque atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, obesity, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSION SET7/9 is an important methyltransferase, which can catalyze the methylation of a variety of proteins. Its substrates are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Pathology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299. China
| | - Weiping Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical school of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu. China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Pathology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zheng W, Guo J, Liu ZS. Effects of metabolic memory on inflammation and fibrosis associated with diabetic kidney disease: an epigenetic perspective. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:87. [PMID: 33883002 PMCID: PMC8061201 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common microvascular complication of both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Persistent inflammation and subsequent chronic fibrosis are major causes of loss of renal function, which is associated with the progression of DKD to ESRD. In fact, DKD progression is affected by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Approximately, one-third of diabetic patients progress to develop DKD despite intensive glycemic control, which propose an essential concept "metabolic memory." Epigenetic modifications, an extensively studied mechanism of metabolic memory, have been shown to contribute to the susceptibility to develop DKD. Epigenetic modifications also play a regulatory role in the interactions between the genes and the environmental factors. The epigenetic contributions to the processes of inflammation and fibrogenesis involved in DKD occur at different regulatory levels, including DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA modulation. Compared with genetic factors, epigenetics represents a new therapeutic frontier in understanding the development DKD and may lead to therapeutic breakthroughs due to the possibility to reverse these modifications therapeutically. Early recognition of epigenetic events and biomarkers is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention of DKD, and for the prevention of the progression of DKD to ESRD. Herein, we will review the latest epigenetic mechanisms involved in the renal pathology of both type 1 (T1DN) and type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) and highlight the emerging role and possible therapeutic strategies based on the understanding of the role of epigenetics in DKD-associated inflammation and fibrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yamazaki T, Mimura I, Tanaka T, Nangaku M. Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Current and Future. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:11-26. [PMID: 33508907 PMCID: PMC7850867 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of end-stage kidney disease. However, only renin-angiotensin system inhibitor with multidisciplinary treatments is effective for DKD. In 2019, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor showed efficacy against DKD in Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) trial, adding a new treatment option. However, the progression of DKD has not been completely controlled. The patients with transient exposure to hyperglycemia develop diabetic complications, including DKD, even after normalization of their blood glucose. Temporary hyperglycemia causes advanced glycation end product (AGE) accumulations and epigenetic changes as metabolic memory. The drugs that improve metabolic memory are awaited, and AGE inhibitors and histone modification inhibitors are the focus of clinical and basic research. In addition, incretin-related drugs showed a renoprotective ability in many clinical trials, and these trials with renal outcome as their primary endpoint are currently ongoing. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors recently approved for renal anemia may be renoprotective since they improve tubulointerstitial hypoxia. Furthermore, NF-E2-related factor 2 activators improved the glomerular filtration rate of DKD patients in Bardoxolone Methyl Treatment: Renal Function in chronic kidney disease/Type 2 Diabetes (BEAM) trial and Phase II Study of Bardoxolone Methyl in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes (TSUBAKI) trial. Thus, following SGLT2 inhibitor, numerous novel drugs could be utilized in treating DKD. Future studies are expected to provide new insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Yamazaki
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Imari Mimura
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author: Tetsuhiro Tanaka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-4215 Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan E-mail:
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liang T, Qi C, Lai Y, Xie J, Wang H, Zhang L, Lin T, Jv M, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Qiu X, Li R, Li Z, Ye Z, Liu S, Liang X, Shi W, Wang W. HDAC6-mediated α-tubulin deacetylation suppresses autophagy and enhances motility of podocytes in diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11558-11572. [PMID: 32885602 PMCID: PMC7576268 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is the specific subtype of HDACs which preferentially located in the cytoplasm, and is crucial in insulin signalling. However, the role of HDAC6 in type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains undefined. In current study, we observed that HDAC6 was markedly activated in the kidneys of type 2 diabetic patients and db/db mice with albuminuria, along with the advanced glycation end products (AGE)‐treated podocytes. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 activity protected kidneys from hyperglycaemia in db/db mice. Notably, overexpressing HDAC6 inhibited autophagy and promoted motility aside from the apoptosis of podocytes exposed to AGE. We further determined that HDAC6 regulated the autophagy partially by decreasing the acetylation of α‐tubulin at the residue of lysine 40. In contrast, we confirmed that there was no interaction of HDAC6 with α‐tubulin at the sites of lysine 112 and lysine 352. Consistently, inhibiting HDAC6 by siRNA or the selective inhibitor, tubacin, restored the autophagy level and motility of podocytes and rescued podocytes from AGE stimulation. We provide strong evidence of an unexpected role of HDAC6 in the cascade that modulates podocytes autophagy and motility, enlightening that HDAC6 may be a promising therapeutic target for DN treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunfang Qi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiong Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianteng Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menglei Jv
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zujiao Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqian Qiu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dong C, Liu S, Cui Y, Guo Q. 12-Lipoxygenase as a key pharmacological target in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 879:173122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
23
|
Barrera-Chimal J, Jaisser F. Pathophysiologic mechanisms in diabetic kidney disease: A focus on current and future therapeutic targets. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22 Suppl 1:16-31. [PMID: 32267077 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease around the globe and is one of the main complications in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. The standard treatment for DKD is drugs controlling hyperglycemia and high blood pressure. Renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockade and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition have yielded promising results in DKD, but many diabetic patients on such treatments nevertheless continue to develop DKD, leading to kidney failure and cardiovascular comorbidities. New therapeutic options are urgently required. We review here the promising therapeutic avenues based on insights into the mechanisms of DKD that have recently emerged, including mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, endothelin receptor A inhibition, anti-inflammatory agents, autophagy activators and epigenetic remodelling. The involvement of several molecular mechanisms in DKD pathogenesis, together with the genetic and epigenetic variability of this condition, makes it difficult to target this heterogeneous patient population with a single drug. Personalized medicine, taking into account the genetic and mechanistic variability, may therefore improve renal and cardiovascular protection in diabetic patients with DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Barrera-Chimal
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular y Trasplante Renal, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Frédéric Jaisser
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- INSERM U1116, Clinical Investigation Centre, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) F-CRIN Network, Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kato M, Natarajan R. Epigenetics and epigenomics in diabetic kidney disease and metabolic memory. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 15:327-345. [PMID: 30894700 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a highly prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus, are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. DKD is an important contributor to the morbidity of patients with diabetes mellitus, indicating a clear need for an improved understanding of disease aetiology to inform the development of more efficacious treatments. DKD is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix, hypertrophy and fibrosis in kidney glomerular and tubular cells. Increasing evidence shows that genes associated with these features of DKD are regulated not only by classical signalling pathways but also by epigenetic mechanisms involving chromatin histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs. These mechanisms can respond to changes in the environment and, importantly, might mediate the persistent long-term expression of DKD-related genes and phenotypes induced by prior glycaemic exposure despite subsequent glycaemic control, a phenomenon called metabolic memory. Detection of epigenetic events during the early stages of DKD could be valuable for timely diagnosis and prompt treatment to prevent progression to end-stage renal disease. Identification of epigenetic signatures of DKD via epigenome-wide association studies might also inform precision medicine approaches. Here, we highlight the emerging role of epigenetics and epigenomics in DKD and the translational potential of candidate epigenetic factors and non-coding RNAs as biomarkers and drug targets for DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang(a) J, Wang S, Wang(b) J, Xiao M, Guo Y, Tang Y, Zhang J, Gu J. Epigenetic Regulation Associated With Sirtuin 1 in Complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:598012. [PMID: 33537003 PMCID: PMC7848207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.598012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the largest health concerns of the 21st century due to the serious complications associated with the disease. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the pathogenesis of DM and develop novel strategies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, has been reported to not only deacetylate histones to modulate chromatin function but also deacetylate numerous transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes, both positively and negatively. SIRT1 also plays a crucial role in regulating histone and DNA methylation through the recruitment of other nuclear enzymes to the chromatin. Furthermore, SIRT1 has been verified as a direct target of many microRNAs (miRNAs). Recently, numerous studies have explored the key roles of SIRT1 and other related epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic complications. Thus, this review aims to present a summary of the rapidly growing field of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, as well as the epigenetic influence of SIRT1 on the development and progression of diabetic complications, including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang(a)
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Wang(b)
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Department of Cardiology at the People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Junlian Gu,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wan Y, Lv Y, Li L, Yin Z. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 in osteoblasts promotes TGF-β1 expression via inhibiting autophagy in human osteoarthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109548. [PMID: 31704612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) belongs to the lipoxygenase family involved in the inflammatory response and pathological process of various diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). The overexpression of TGF-β1 in osteoblasts leads to abnormal changes in subchondral bone structure, eventually causing OA. However, the pathogenesis of the disease is poorly defined, and the interaction between 15-LOX-1 and TGF-β1 in osteoblasts has not been evaluated in OA. In this study, the role of 15-LOX-1 in subchondral bone osteoblasts in OA was evaluated. METHOD 15-LOX-1 expression in osteoblasts of the subchondral bone of patients with OA was measured by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. Osteoblasts extracted from the subchondral bone of OA were transfected with 15-LOX-1 siRNA and an overexpression vector. The eff ;ect of 15-LOX-1 on the expression of TGF-β1 in OA osteoblasts was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The effect of 15-LOX-1 on autophagy via AMPK pathway in OA osteoblasts was evaluated by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The expression levels of 15-LOX-1 and TGF-β1 were higher in OA subchondral bone osteoblast than that in non-OA subchondral bone. 15-LOX-1, which downregulated autophagy by inhibiting AMPK following the activation of mTORC1, upregulated the osteoblast expression of TGF-β1. Treatment with autophagy inhibitors significantly increased the expression levels of TGF-β1 in osteoblasts. CONCLUSION In the present study, our findings suggested that 15-Lipoxygenase-1 in Osteoblasts Promotes TGF-β1 expression via inhibiting autophagy in human Osteoarthritis. These novel results suggested that 15-Lipoxygenase-1 expressed by subchondral bone osteoblasts might be a promising therapeutic target in human OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Department of Orthopedics, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, PR China
| | - Yunxiang Lv
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Department of Orthopedics, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, PR China
| | - Zongsheng Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Department of Orthopedics, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Eid S, Sas KM, Abcouwer SF, Feldman EL, Gardner TW, Pennathur S, Fort PE. New insights into the mechanisms of diabetic complications: role of lipids and lipid metabolism. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1539-1549. [PMID: 31346658 PMCID: PMC6679814 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes adversely affects multiple organs, including the kidney, eye and nerve, leading to diabetic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy, respectively. In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, tissue damage is organ specific and is secondary to a combination of multiple metabolic insults. Hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension combine with the duration and type of diabetes to define the distinct pathophysiology underlying diabetic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. Only recently have the commonalities and differences in the metabolic basis of these tissue-specific complications, particularly those involving local and systemic lipids, been systematically examined. This review focuses on recent progress made using preclinical models and human-based approaches towards understanding how bioenergetics and metabolomic profiles contribute to diabetic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. This new understanding of the biology of complication-prone tissues highlights the need for organ-specific interventions in the treatment of diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Eid
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelli M Sas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven F Abcouwer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas W Gardner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patrice E Fort
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jia Y, Reddy MA, Das S, Oh HJ, Abdollahi M, Yuan H, Zhang E, Lanting L, Wang M, Natarajan R. Dysregulation of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation in transforming growth factor-β1-induced gene expression in mesangial cells and diabetic kidney. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12695-12707. [PMID: 31266808 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β)-induced fibrotic and inflammatory genes in renal mesangial cells (MCs) play important roles in glomerular dysfunction associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN). TGF-β regulates gene expression in MCs by altering key chromatin histone modifications at target gene promoters. However, the role of the repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) modification is unclear. Here we show that TGF-β reduces H3K27me3 at the Ctgf, Serpine1, and Ccl2 gene promoters in rat MCs (RMCs) and reciprocally up-regulates the expression of these pro-fibrotic and inflammatory genes. In parallel, TGF-β down-regulates Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), an H3K27me3 methyltransferase, and decreases its recruitment at Ctgf and Ccl2 but not Serpine1 promoters. Ezh2 knockdown with siRNAs enhances TGF-β-induced expression of these genes, supporting its repressive function. Mechanistically, Ezh2 down-regulation is mediated by TGF-β-induced microRNA, miR-101b, which targets Ezh2 3'-UTR. TGF-β also up-regulates Jmjd3 and Utx in RMCs, suggesting a key role for these H3K27me3 demethylases in H3K27me3 inhibition. In RMCs, Utx knockdown inhibits hypertrophy, a key event in glomerular dysfunction. The H3K27me3 regulators are similarly altered in human and mouse MCs. High glucose inhibits Ezh2 and increases miR-101b in a TGF-β-dependent manner. Furthermore, in kidneys from rodent models of DN, fibrotic genes, miR-101b, and H3K27me3 demethylases are up-regulated, whereas Ezh2 protein levels as well as enrichment of Ezh2 and H3K27me3 at target genes are decreased, demonstrating in vivo relevance. These results suggest that H3K27me3 inhibition by TGF-β via dysregulation of related histone-modifying enzymes and miRNAs augments pathological genes mediating glomerular mesangial dysfunction and DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jia
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010.,Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Marpadga A Reddy
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Sadhan Das
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Hyung Jung Oh
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010.,Ewha Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, South Korea
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010.,Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Erli Zhang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010.,Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gu HF. Genetic and Epigenetic Studies in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:507. [PMID: 31231424 PMCID: PMC6566106 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide health crisis, while diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DKD is a microvascular complication and occurs in 30–40% of diabetes patients. Epidemiological investigations and clinical observations on the familial clustering and heritability in DKD have highlighted an underlying genetic susceptibility. Furthermore, DKD is a progressive and long-term diabetic complication, in which epigenetic effects and environmental factors interact with an individual’s genetic background. In recent years, researchers have undertaken genetic and epigenetic studies of DKD in order to better understand its molecular mechanisms. In this review, clinical material, research approaches and experimental designs that have been used for genetic and epigenetic studies of DKD are described. Current information from genetic and epigenetic studies of DKD and ESRD in patients with diabetes, including the approaches of genome-wide association study (GWAS) or epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and candidate gene association analyses, are summarized. Further investigation of molecular defects in DKD with new approaches such as next generation sequencing analysis and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvest F Gu
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epigenetic variations have been shown to reveal vulnerability to diabetes and its complications. Although it has become clear that metabolic derangements, especially hyperglycemia, can impose a long-term metabolic memory that predisposes to diabetic complications, the underlying mechanisms remain to be understood. It has been suggested that epigenetics (e.g., histone modification, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs) help link metabolic disruption to aberrancies related to diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In this review, we discuss the key findings and advances made in the epigenetic risk profile of DKD and provide perspectives on the emerging topics that implicate epigenetics in DKD. RECENT FINDINGS Epigenetic profiles can be profoundly altered in patients with diabetes, in circulating blood cells as well as in renal tissues. These changes provide useful insight into the mechanisms of diabetic kidney injury and progressive kidney dysfunction. Increasing evidence supports the role of epigenetic regulation in DKD. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism and importance of epigenetic changes in the initiation and progression of DKD and to further explore their diagnostic and therapeutic potential in the clinical management of patients with diabetes who have a high risk for DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Xu
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science and Guangdong General Hospital, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sankrityayan H, Kulkarni YA, Gaikwad AB. Diabetic nephropathy: The regulatory interplay between epigenetics and microRNAs. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:574-585. [PMID: 30695734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease despite the emergence of different therapies to counter the metabolic, hemodynamic and fibrotic pathways, implicating a prominent role of genetic and epigenetic factors in its progression. Epigenetics is the study of changes in the expression of genes which may be inheritable and does not involve a change in the genome sequence. Thrust areas of epigenetic research are DNA methylation and histone modifications. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) control the expression of genes via post-transcriptional mechanisms. However, the regulation by epigenetic mechanisms and miRNAs are not completely distinct. A number of emerging reports have revealed the interplay between epigenetic machinery and miRNA expression, particularly in cancer. Further research has proved that a feedback loop exists between miRNA expression and epigenetic regulation in disorders including DN. Studies showed that different miRNAs (miR-200, miR-29 etc.) were found to be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms viz. DNA methylation and histone modifications. Conversely, miRNAs (miR-301, miR-449 etc.) themselves modulated levels of DNA methyltranferases (DNMTs) and Histone deacetylases (HDACs), enzymes vital to epigenetic modifications. With already few FDA approved epigenetic -modulating drugs (Vorinostat, Decitabine) in the market and miRNA therapeutic drugs under clinical trial it becomes imperative to analyze the possible interaction between the two classes of drugs in the modulation of a disease process. The purpose of this review is to articulate the interplay between miRNA expression and epigenetic modifications with a particular focus on its impact on the development and progression of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sankrityayan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dobrian AD, Morris MA, Taylor-Fishwick DA, Holman TR, Imai Y, Mirmira RG, Nadler JL. Role of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway in diabetes pathogenesis and complications. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 195:100-110. [PMID: 30347209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is one of several enzyme isoforms responsible for the metabolism of arachidonic acid and other poly-unsaturated fatty acids to both pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. Mounting evidence has shown that 12-LOX plays a critical role in the modulation of inflammation at multiple checkpoints during diabetes development. Due to this, interventions to limit pro-inflammatory 12-LOX metabolites either by isoform-specific 12-LOX inhibition, or by providing specific fatty acid substrates via dietary intervention, has the potential to significantly and positively impact health outcomes of patients living with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. To date, the development of truly specific and efficacious inhibitors has been hampered by homology of LOX family members; however, improvements in high throughput screening have improved the inhibitor landscape. Here, we describe the function and role of human 12-LOX, and mouse 12-LOX and 12/15-LOX, in the development of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, and describe promise in the development of strategies to limit pro-inflammatory metabolites, primarily via new small molecule 12-LOX inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Dobrian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - M A Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - D A Taylor-Fishwick
- Department of Microbiology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - T R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Y Imai
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa, city, IA, United States
| | - R G Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - J L Nadler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rodriguez H, El-Osta A. Epigenetic Contribution to the Development and Progression of Vascular Diabetic Complications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1074-1091. [PMID: 29304555 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The number of people suffering from diabetes worldwide is steadily rising. Complications from diabetes, including cardiovascular and renal disease, contribute to the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Recent Advances: Hyperglycemia promotes tissue damage through diverse mechanisms involving increased production of reactive oxygen species. Increased oxidative stress drives changes in chromatin structure that mediate gene expression changes leading to the upregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators. The epigenetic contribution to diabetes-induced changes in gene expression is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the development and progression of vascular diabetic complications. CRITICAL ISSUES The mechanisms through which stimuli from the diabetic milieu promote epigenetic changes remain poorly understood. In addition, glycemic control constitutes an important factor influencing epigenetic states in diabetes, and the phenomenon of hyperglycemic memory warrants further research. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic changes in diabetes may allow the design of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Furthermore, certain epigenetic markers are detected early during the onset of diabetes and its complications and may prove useful as biomarkers for disease risk prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanah Rodriguez
- 1 Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- 1 Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia .,3 Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yue XG, Yang ZG, Zhang Y, Qin GJ, Liu F. Correlations between SIRT1 gene polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171871. [PMID: 30110438 PMCID: PMC6030294 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the correlations between SIRT1 gene polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). There were 150 patients with DKD in the observation group (urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) ≥ 300 mg 24 h-1), and 160 patients with a more than 10 year history of type 2 diabetes but without retinopathy and DKD (UAER < 30 mg 24 h-1) in the control group. Genotypes of three tagged single-nucleotide polymorphism loci (rs3818292, rs4746720 and rs10823108) in the SIRT1 gene in the two groups were detected. Risks of DKD for patients with the GG and GG + AG genotype in the rs10823108 locus of the SIRT1 gene were 2.96 and 2.92 times higher than that for AA genotype carriers, respectively. The risk of DKD for patients with the GG genotype in the rs3818292 locus was 0.23 times and 0.21 times higher than that for AA and for AA + AG genotype carriers, respectively, and the risk of DKD for patients with allele G was 0.66 times higher than that for allele A carriers. There was no significant difference in genotype frequency of rs4746720 locus gene polymorphisms between the observation and control groups. The SIRT1 gene is a genetic susceptibility gene of DKD. Mutation genotype GG and GG + AG in the rs10823108 locus can increase the risk of DKD. Mutation genotype GG and allele G in the rs3818292 locus can decrease the risk of DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ge Yue
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Gang Yang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Jun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ding H, Lu WC, Hu JC, Liu YC, Zhang CH, Lian FL, Zhang NX, Meng FW, Luo C, Chen KX. Identification and Characterizations of Novel, Selective Histone Methyltransferase SET7 Inhibitors by Scaffold Hopping- and 2D-Molecular Fingerprint-Based Similarity Search. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030567. [PMID: 29498708 PMCID: PMC6017732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SET7, serving as the only histone methyltransferase that monomethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, has been proved to function as a key regulator in diverse biological processes, such as cell proliferation, transcriptional network regulation in embryonic stem cell, cell cycle control, protein stability, heart morphogenesis and development. What's more, SET7 is involved inthe pathogenesis of alopecia aerate, breast cancer, tumor and cancer progression, atherosclerosis in human carotid plaques, chronic renal diseases, diabetes, obesity, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop novel SET7 inhibitors. In this paper, based on DC-S239 which has been previously reported in our group, we employed scaffold hopping- and 2D fingerprint-based similarity searches and identified DC-S285 as the new hit compound targeting SET7 (IC50 = 9.3 μM). Both radioactive tracing and NMR experiments validated the interactions between DC-S285 and SET7 followed by the second-round similarity search leading to the identification ofDC-S303 with the IC50 value of 1.1 μM. In cellular level, DC-S285 retarded tumor cell proliferation and showed selectivity against MCF7 (IC50 = 21.4 μM), Jurkat (IC50 = 2.2 μM), THP1 (IC50 = 3.5 μM), U937 (IC50 = 3.9 μM) cell lines. Docking calculations suggested that DC-S303 share similar binding mode with the parent compoundDC-S239. What's more, it presented good selectivity against other epigenetic targets, including SETD1B, SETD8, G9a, SMYD2 and EZH2. DC-S303 can serve as a drug-like scaffold which may need further optimization for drug development, and can be used as chemical probe to help the community to better understand the SET7 biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wen Chao Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jun Chi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yu-Chih Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd., #5 Building, 998 Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chen Hua Zhang
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd., #5 Building, 998 Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fu Lin Lian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Nai Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fan Wang Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Cheng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Kai Xian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Keating ST, van Diepen JA, Riksen NP, El-Osta A. Epigenetics in diabetic nephropathy, immunity and metabolism. Diabetologia 2018; 61:6-20. [PMID: 29128937 PMCID: PMC6448927 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to the epigenome, there is a fine line between clarity and confusion-walk that line and you will discover another fascinating level of transcription control. With the genetic code representing the cornerstone of rules for information that is encoded to proteins somewhere above the genome level there is a set of rules by which chemical information is also read. These epigenetic modifications show a different side of the genetic code that is diverse and regulated, hence modifying genetic transcription transiently, ranging from short- to long-term alterations. While this complexity brings exquisite control it also poses a formidable challenge to efforts to decode mechanisms underlying complex disease. Recent technological and computational advances have improved unbiased acquisition of epigenomic patterns to improve our understanding of the complex chromatin landscape. Key to resolving distinct chromatin signatures of diabetic complications is the identification of the true physiological targets of regulatory proteins, such as reader proteins that recognise, writer proteins that deposit and eraser proteins that remove specific chemical moieties. But how might a diverse group of proteins regulate the diabetic landscape from an epigenomic perspective? Drawing from an ever-expanding compendium of experimental and clinical studies, this review details the current state-of-play and provides a perspective of chromatin-dependent mechanisms implicated in diabetic complications, with a special focus on diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesise a codified signature of the diabetic epigenome and provide examples of prime candidates for chemical modification. As for the pharmacological control of epigenetic marks, we explore future strategies to expedite and refine the search for clinically relevant discoveries. We also consider the challenges associated with therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Keating
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (463), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Janna A van Diepen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (463), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (463), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kietzmann T, Petry A, Shvetsova A, Gerhold JM, Görlach A. The epigenetic landscape related to reactive oxygen species formation in the cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1533-1554. [PMID: 28332701 PMCID: PMC5446579 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as damaging molecules but also represent central hubs in cellular signalling networks. Increasing evidence indicates that ROS play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, although the underlying mechanisms and consequences of pathophysiologically elevated ROS in the cardiovascular system are still not completely resolved. More recently, alterations of the epigenetic landscape, which can affect DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, ATP-dependent alterations to chromatin and non-coding RNA transcripts, have been considered to be of increasing importance in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. While it has long been accepted that epigenetic changes are imprinted during development or even inherited and are not changed after reaching the lineage-specific expression profile, it becomes more and more clear that epigenetic modifications are highly dynamic. Thus, they might provide an important link between the actions of ROS and cardiovascular diseases. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of the cardiovascular system. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Andreas Petry
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric CardiologyGerman Heart Center Munich at the TU MunichMunichGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Partner Site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
| | - Antonina Shvetsova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Joachim M Gerhold
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric CardiologyGerman Heart Center Munich at the TU MunichMunichGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Partner Site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ackloo S, Brown PJ, Müller S. Chemical probes targeting epigenetic proteins: Applications beyond oncology. Epigenetics 2017; 12:378-400. [PMID: 28080202 PMCID: PMC5453191 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1279371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic chemical probes are potent, cell-active, small molecule inhibitors or antagonists of specific domains in a protein; they have been indispensable for studying bromodomains and protein methyltransferases. The Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), comprising scientists from academic and pharmaceutical laboratories, has generated most of the current epigenetic chemical probes. Moreover, the SGC has shared about 4 thousand aliquots of these probes, which have been used primarily for phenotypic profiling or to validate targets in cell lines or primary patient samples cultured in vitro. Epigenetic chemical probes have been critical tools in oncology research and have uncovered mechanistic insights into well-established targets, as well as identify new therapeutic starting points. Indeed, the literature primarily links epigenetic proteins to oncology, but applications in inflammation, viral, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases are now being reported. We summarize the literature of these emerging applications and provide examples where existing probes might be used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Ackloo
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter J. Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straβe 15, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Metabolism and chromatin dynamics in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 54:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
40
|
Wanner N, Bechtel-Walz W. Epigenetics of kidney disease. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:75-92. [PMID: 28286899 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone modifications determine renal programming and the development and progression of renal disease. The identification of the way in which the renal cell epigenome is altered by environmental modifiers driving the onset and progression of renal diseases has extended our understanding of the pathophysiology of kidney disease progression. In this review, we focus on current knowledge concerning the implications of epigenetic modifications during renal disease from early development to chronic kidney disease progression including renal fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy and the translational potential of identifying new biomarkers and treatments for the prevention and therapy of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Wanner
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany. .,Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 66, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Wibke Bechtel-Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 66, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sharma I, Dutta RK, Singh NK, Kanwar YS. High Glucose-Induced Hypomethylation Promotes Binding of Sp-1 to Myo-Inositol Oxygenase: Implication in the Pathobiology of Diabetic Tubulopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:724-739. [PMID: 28208054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The catabolic enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) is expressed in proximal tubules and up-regulated in the diabetic state. Previously, we reported its transcriptional and translation regulation by high glucose (HG), osmolytes, and fatty acids. However, its epigenetic regulation is unknown. Bisulfite sequencing revealed that both human and mouse MIOX promoters, enriched with CpG sites, are hypomethylated and unmethylated under HG ambience and hyperglycemic states associated with increased MIOX expression. Eletrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed increased binding of unmethylated oligos with nucleoproteins of cells maintained under HG. In addition, a strong binding of specificity protein (Sp)-1 transcription factor with MIOX promoter was observed under HG, especially with unmethylated Sp-1 oligo. Specificity of binding was established by supershift assays and treatment with the Sp-1 inhibitor mithramycin. Promoter analysis revealed an increase in luciferase activity under HG, which was reduced after mutation of the Sp-1-binding site. Sp1 siRNA treatment reduced mRNA and protein expression of Sp-1 and MIOX and generation of reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidase (NOX)-4 and mitochondrial sources. In addition, there was reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α relevant in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Sp1 siRNA treatment reduced fibronectin expression, an extracellular matrix protein that is increased in diabetic nephropathy and tubulopathy. HG-induced MIOX expression was also reduced with the treatment of apelin-13, which deacetylates histones. Overall, these findings highlight the epigenetic regulation of MIOX in the pathogenesis of diabetic tubulopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rajesh K Dutta
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Neel K Singh
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sun J, Wang Y, Cui W, Lou Y, Sun G, Zhang D, Miao L. Role of Epigenetic Histone Modifications in Diabetic Kidney Disease Involving Renal Fibrosis. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:7242384. [PMID: 28695133 PMCID: PMC5485509 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7242384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the commonest causes of end-stage renal disease is diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Renal fibrosis, characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in glomerular basement membranes and the tubulointerstitium, is the final manifestation of DKD. The TGF-β pathway triggers epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a key role in the accumulation of ECM proteins in DKD. DCCT/EDIC studies have shown that DKD often persists and progresses despite glycemic control in diabetes once DKD sets in due to prior exposure to hyperglycemia called "metabolic memory." These imply that epigenetic factors modulate kidney gene expression. There is evidence to suggest that in diabetes and hyperglycemia, epigenetic histone modifications have a significant effect in modulating renal fibrotic and ECM gene expression induced by TGF-β1, as well as its downstream profibrotic genes. Histone modifications are also implicated in renal fibrosis through its ability to regulate the EMT process triggered by TGF-β signaling. In view of this, efforts are being made to develop HAT, HDAC, and HMT inhibitors to delay, stop, or even reverse DKD. In this review, we outline the latest advances that are being made to regulate histone modifications involved in DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Guangdong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
- *Lining Miao:
| |
Collapse
|