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Gao H, Chen F, Wang S. Hesperidin reduces systolic blood pressure in diabetic patients and has no effect on blood pressure in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3706-3719. [PMID: 38772688 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been a number of studies where hesperidin was administered to modify arterial blood pressure, but the conclusions of each study are contradictory. In order to investigate the effect of hesperidin on blood pressure, we searched the CNKI, Wanfang Database, the VIP database, Sinomed database, Pubmed, Embase and The Cochrane Library databases, and searched the literature on hesperidin and blood pressure published in Chinese and English journals, mainly focusing on patients' systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The search time frame was from the inception of the databases until December 2023. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the overall quality and used Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) to measure agreement. We did preliminary screening of the retrieved literature through Notexpress, 14 articles with a total of 656 patients were included. Cochrance data conversion tool was used for data conversion, and RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis, and finally Stata was used to make the Egger's test for the included study. The results of total population blood pressure showed that hesperidin had no antihypertensive effect on the population, but the conclusions changed when the population was divided into groups. The results of different populations showed that hesperidin had no effect on systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -0.50, 95% CI: -3.25 ~ 2.26, Z = 0.35, p = 0.72) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = -0.51, 95% CI: -2.53 ~ 1.51, Z = 0.50, p = 0.62) in healthy individuals. However, hesperidin reduced systolic blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes (WMD = -4.32, 95% CI: - 7.77 ~ - 0.87, Z = 2.45, p = 0.01), and had a tendency to reduce diastolic blood pressure in diabetic patients (WMD = -3.72, 95% CI: -7.63 ~ 0.18, Z = 1.87, p = 0.06). The results in patients with type 2 diabetes needed to be further supported by future research focusing on individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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2
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Alves JV, da Costa RM, Awata WMC, Bruder-Nascimento A, Singh S, Tostes RC, Bruder-Nascimento T. NADPH oxidase 4-derived hydrogen peroxide counterbalances testosterone-induced endothelial dysfunction and migration. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E1-E12. [PMID: 38690939 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00365.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
High levels of testosterone (Testo) are associated with cardiovascular risk by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. NADPH oxidases (NOX) are the major source of ROS in the vasculature of cardiovascular diseases. NOX4 is a unique isotype, which produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and its participation in cardiovascular biology is controversial. So far, it is unclear whether NOX4 protects from Testo-induced endothelial injury. Thus, we hypothesized that supraphysiological levels of Testo induce endothelial NOX4 expression to attenuate endothelial injury. Human mesenteric vascular endothelial cells (HMECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with Testo (10-7 M) with or without a NOX4 inhibitor [GLX351322 (10-4 M)] or NOX4 siRNA. In vivo, 10-wk-old C57Bl/6J male mice were treated with Testo (10 mg/kg) for 30 days to study endothelial function. Testo increased mRNA and protein levels of NOX4 in HMECs and HUVECs. Testo increased superoxide anion (O2-) and H2O2 production, which were abolished by NOX1 and NOX4 inhibition, respectively. Testo also attenuated bradykinin-induced NO production, which was further impaired by NOX4 inhibition. In vivo, Testo decreased H2O2 production in aortic segments and triggered endothelial dysfunction [decreased relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh)], which was further impaired by GLX351322 and by a superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic (EUK134). Finally, Testo led to a dysregulated endothelial cell migration, which was exacerbated by GLX351322. These data indicate that supraphysiological levels of Testo increase the endothelial expression and activity of NOX4 to counterbalance the deleterious effects caused by Testo in endothelial function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY By inducing ROS formation, high levels of testosterone play a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. NOXs are the major sources of ROS in the vasculature of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we describe a novel compensatory mechanism by showing that NOX4 is a protective oxidant enzyme and counterbalances the deleterious effects of testosterone in endothelial cells by modulating hydrogen peroxide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael M da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wanessa M C Awata
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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3
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Ajoolabady A, Pratico D, Ren J. Angiotensin II: Role in oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 592:112309. [PMID: 38852657 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a protein hormone capable of physiologically regulating blood pressure through diverse mechanisms. Ang II is mainly produced by the liver at homeostatic levels. However, excessive production of Ang II is closely associated with a series of pathological events in the body. The endothelial dysfunction is one of these pathological events that can drive vascular anomalies. The excessive exposure of endothelial cells (ECs) to Ang II may induce endothelial dysfunction via diverse mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is Ang II-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress. In this mini-review, we aimed to discuss the molecular mechanisms of Ang II-mediated endothelial dysfunction through mitochondrial oxidative stress and the protective role of nitric oxide in ECs. Deciphering these mechanisms may disclose novel therapeutic strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction and associated diseases induced by elevated leves of Ang II in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Britto-Júnior J, Furlaneto R, Lima AT, de Oliveira MG, Severino B, Frecentese F, Fiorino F, Caliendo G, Muscará MN, De Nucci G. GKT137831 and hydrogen peroxide increase the release of 6-nitrodopamine from the human umbilical artery, rat-isolated right atrium, and rat-isolated vas deferens. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1348876. [PMID: 38645555 PMCID: PMC11026650 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1348876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The human umbilical artery (HUA), rat-isolated right atrium, and rat-isolated vas deferens present a basal release of 6-nitrodopamine (6-ND). The basal release of 6-ND from these tissues was significantly decreased (but not abolished) when the tissues were pre-incubated with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Methods: In this study, the effect of the pharmacological modulation of the redox environment on the basal release of 6-ND was investigated. The basal release of 6-ND was measured using Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results and Discussion: Pre-incubation (30 min) of the tissues with GKT137831 (1 μM) caused a significant increase in the basal release of 6-ND from all tissues. In the HUA, pre-incubation with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) (100 μM) also caused significant increases in the basal release of 6-ND. Preincubation of the HUA with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (100 μM) increased 6-ND basal release, whereas pre-incubation with catalase (1,000 U/mL) significantly decreased it. Pre-incubation of the HUA with superoxide dismutase (SOD) (250 U/mL; 30 min) also significantly increased the basal release of 6-ND. Preincubation of the HUA with either allopurinol (100 μM) or uric acid (1 mM) had no effect on the basal release of 6-ND. Pre-treatment of the HUA with L-NAME (100 μM) prevented the increase in the basal release of 6-ND induced by GKT137831, diphenyleneiodonium, and H2O2. The results obtained indicate a major role of endogenous H2O2 and peroxidases as modulators of 6- ND biosynthesis/release and a lack of peroxynitrite contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Britto-Júnior
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Furlaneto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Tiago Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Beatrice Severino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Frecentese
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caliendo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcelo Nicolás Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Sāo Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Sāo Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Lamb FS, Choi H, Miller MR, Stark RJ. Vascular Inflammation and Smooth Muscle Contractility: The Role of Nox1-Derived Superoxide and LRRC8 Anion Channels. Hypertension 2024; 81:752-763. [PMID: 38174563 PMCID: PMC10954410 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.19434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation underlies the development of hypertension, and the mechanisms by which it increases blood pressure remain the topic of intense investigation. Proinflammatory factors including glucose, salt, vasoconstrictors, cytokines, wall stress, and growth factors enhance contractility and impair relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells. These pathways share a dependence upon redox signaling, and excessive activation promotes oxidative stress that promotes vascular aging. Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and migration into the intima contribute to atherosclerosis, while hypercontractility increases systemic vascular resistance and vasospasm that can trigger ischemia. Here, we review factors that drive the initiation and progression of this vasculopathy in vascular smooth muscle cells. Emphasis is placed on the contribution of reactive oxygen species generated by the Nox1 NADPH oxidase which produces extracellular superoxide (O2•-). The mechanisms of O2•- signaling remain poorly defined, but recent evidence demonstrates physical association of Nox1 with leucine-rich repeat containing 8 family volume-sensitive anion channels. These may provide a pathway for influx of O2•- to the cytoplasm, creating an oxidized cytoplasmic nanodomain where redox-based signals can affect both cytoskeletal structure and vasomotor function. Understanding the mechanistic links between inflammation, O2•- and vascular smooth muscle cell contractility may facilitate targeting of anti-inflammatory therapy in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred S Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hyehun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael R Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan J Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Liao Y, Meng Q. Protection against cancer therapy-induced cardiovascular injury by planed-derived polyphenols and nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:116896. [PMID: 37586453 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapy-induced heart injury is a significant concern for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and also targeted molecular therapy. The use of these treatments can lead to oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte damage in the heart, which can result in heart failure and other cardiac complications. Experimental studies have revealed that chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide can cause severe side effects such as cardiac fibrosis, electrophysiological remodeling, chronic oxidative stress and inflammation, etc., which may increase risk of cardiac disorders and attacks for patients that underwent chemotherapy. Similar consequences may also be observed for patients that undergo radiotherapy for left breast or lung malignancies. Polyphenols, a group of natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, have shown the potential in protecting against cancer therapy-induced heart injury. These compounds have been found to reduce oxidative stress, necrosis and apoptosis in the heart, thereby preserving cardiac function. In recent years, nanoparticles loaded with polyphenols have also provided for the delivery of these compounds and increasing their efficacy in different organs. These nanoparticles can improve the bioavailability and efficacy of polyphenols while minimizing their toxicity. This review article summarizes the current understanding of the protective effects of polyphenols and nanoparticles loaded with polyphenols against cancer therapy-induced heart injury. The article discusses the mechanisms by which polyphenols protect the heart, including antioxidant and anti-inflammation abilities. The article also highlights the potential benefits of using nanoparticles for the delivery of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Liao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qinghua Meng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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7
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Padovan JC, Dourado TMH, Pimenta GF, Bruder-Nascimento T, Tirapelli CR. Reactive Oxygen Species Are Central Mediators of Vascular Dysfunction and Hypertension Induced by Ethanol Consumption. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1813. [PMID: 37891892 PMCID: PMC10604002 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of high amounts of ethanol is a risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension. The hypertensive state induced by ethanol is a complex multi-factorial event, and oxidative stress is a pathophysiological hallmark of vascular dysfunction associated with ethanol consumption. Increasing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vasculature trigger important processes underlying vascular injury, including accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ ions, reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), endothelial dysfunction, and loss of the anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). The enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase plays a central role in vascular ROS generation in response to ethanol. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an upstream mechanism which contributes to NADPH oxidase stimulation, overproduction of ROS, and vascular dysfunction. This review discusses the mechanisms of vascular dysfunction induced by ethanol, detailing the contribution of ROS to these processes. Data examining the association between neuroendocrine changes and vascular oxidative stress induced by ethanol are also reviewed and discussed. These issues are of paramount interest to public health as ethanol contributes to blood pressure elevation in the general population, and it is linked to cardiovascular conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio C. Padovan
- Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Thales M. H. Dourado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (T.M.H.D.); (G.F.P.)
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo F. Pimenta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (T.M.H.D.); (G.F.P.)
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics and Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Carlos R. Tirapelli
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
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8
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Cipriano A, Viviano M, Feoli A, Milite C, Sarno G, Castellano S, Sbardella G. NADPH Oxidases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Current Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11632-11655. [PMID: 37650225 PMCID: PMC10510401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) form a family of electron-transporting membrane enzymes whose main function is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Strong evidence suggests that ROS produced by NOX enzymes are major contributors to oxidative damage under pathologic conditions. Therefore, blocking the undesirable actions of these enzymes is a therapeutic strategy for treating various pathological disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer. To date, identification of selective NOX inhibitors is quite challenging, precluding a pharmacologic demonstration of NOX as therapeutic targets in vivo. The aim of this Perspective is to furnish an updated outlook about the small-molecule NOX inhibitors described over the last two decades. Structures, activities, and in vitro/in vivo specificity are discussed, as well as the main biological assays used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cipriano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feoli
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuliana Sarno
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Man AWC, Zhou Y, Xia N, Li H. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Oxidative Stress in Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1595. [PMID: 37627590 PMCID: PMC10451984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) adheres to most systemic blood vessels in the body. Healthy PVAT exerts anticontractile effects on blood vessels and further protects against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Healthy PVAT regulates vascular homeostasis via secreting an array of adipokine, hormones, and growth factors. Normally, homeostatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PVAT act as secondary messengers in various signalling pathways and contribute to vascular tone regulation. Excessive ROS are eliminated by the antioxidant defence system in PVAT. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of ROS exceeds the endogenous antioxidant defence, leading to a redox imbalance. Oxidative stress is a pivotal pathophysiological process in cardiovascular and metabolic complications. In obesity, PVAT becomes dysfunctional and exerts detrimental effects on the blood vessels. Therefore, redox balance in PVAT emerges as a potential pathophysiological mechanism underlying obesity-induced cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarise new findings describing different ROS, the major sources of ROS and antioxidant defence in PVAT, as well as potential pharmacological intervention of PVAT oxidative stress in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.W.C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
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Morawietz H, Brendel H, Diaba-Nuhoho P, Catar R, Perakakis N, Wolfrum C, Bornstein SR. Cross-Talk of NADPH Oxidases and Inflammation in Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1589. [PMID: 37627585 PMCID: PMC10451527 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Multiple experimental and clinical studies have shown increased oxidative stress and inflammation linked to obesity. NADPH oxidases are major sources of reactive oxygen species in the cardiovascular system and in metabolically active cells and organs. An impaired balance due to the increased formation of reactive oxygen species and a reduced antioxidative capacity contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and is linked to inflammation as a major pathomechanism in cardiometabolic diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is particularly characterized by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. In recent years, COVID-19 infections have also increased oxidative stress and inflammation in infected cells and tissues. Increasing evidence supports the idea of an increased risk for severe clinical complications of cardiometabolic diseases after COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in experimental models and clinical studies of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19 infections and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.B.); (P.D.-N.)
| | - Heike Brendel
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.B.); (P.D.-N.)
| | - Patrick Diaba-Nuhoho
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.B.); (P.D.-N.)
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (N.P.); (S.R.B.)
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland;
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (N.P.); (S.R.B.)
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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11
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Yan Q, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen C, Yang S, Lin M, Long J, Yao J, Lin Y, Yi F, Meng L, Tan Y, Ai Q, Chen N, Yang Y. Targeting oxidative stress as a preventive and therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:519. [PMID: 37533007 PMCID: PMC10394930 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to exert a significant impact on global mortality rates, encompassing conditions like pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), atherosclerosis (AS), and myocardial infarction (MI). Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and advancement of CVDs, highlighting its significance as a contributing factor. Maintaining an equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant systems not only aids in mitigating oxidative stress but also confers protective benefits on cardiac health. Herbal monomers can inhibit OS in CVDs by activating multiple signaling pathways, such as increasing the activity of endogenous antioxidant systems and decreasing the level of ROS expression. Given the actions of herbal monomers to significantly protect the normal function of the heart and reduce the damage caused by OS to the organism. Hence, it is imperative to recognize the significance of herbal monomers as prospective therapeutic interventions for mitigating oxidative damage in CVDs. This paper aims to comprehensively review the origins and mechanisms underlying OS, elucidate the intricate association between CVDs and OS, and explore the therapeutic potential of antioxidant treatment utilizing herbal monomers. Furthermore, particular emphasis will be placed on examining the cardioprotective effects of herbal monomers by evaluating their impact on cardiac signaling pathways subsequent to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Matemal&Child Health Care, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Songwei Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Junpeng Long
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Jiao Yao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yantao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
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12
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Cheng CK, Ding H, Jiang M, Yin H, Gollasch M, Huang Y. Perivascular adipose tissue: Fine-tuner of vascular redox status and inflammation. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102683. [PMID: 36958248 PMCID: PMC10038789 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to the aggregate of adipose tissue surrounding the vasculature, exhibiting the phenotypes of white, beige and brown adipocytes. PVAT has emerged as an active modulator of vascular homeostasis and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in addition to its structural role to provide mechanical support to blood vessels. More specifically, PVAT is closely involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and inflammation along the vascular tree, through the tight interaction between PVAT and cellular components of the vascular wall. Furthermore, the phenotype-genotype of PVAT at different regions of vasculature varies corresponding to different cardiovascular risks. During ageing and obesity, the cellular proportions and signaling pathways of PVAT vary in favor of cardiovascular pathogenesis by promoting ROS generation and inflammation. Physiological means and drugs that alter PVAT mass, components and signaling may provide new therapeutic insights in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an updated understanding towards PVAT in the context of redox regulation, and to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting PVAT against cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Huanyu Ding
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Minchun Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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13
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Structure, regulation, and physiological functions of NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5). J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00955-3. [PMID: 36905456 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
NOX5 is the last member of the NADPH oxidase (NOXs) family to be identified and presents some specific characteristics differing from the rest of the NOXs. It contains four Ca2+ binding domains at the N-terminus and its activity is regulated by the intracellular concentration of Ca2+. NOX5 generates superoxide (O2•-) using NADPH as a substrate, and it modulates functions related to processes in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved. Those functions appear to be detrimental or beneficial depending on the level of ROS produced. For example, the increase in NOX5 activity is related to the development of various oxidative stress-related pathologies such as cancer, cardiovascular, and renal diseases. In this context, pancreatic expression of NOX5 can negatively alter insulin action in high-fat diet-fed transgenic mice. This is consistent with the idea that the expression of NOX5 tends to increase in response to a stimulus or a stressful situation, generally causing a worsening of the pathology. On the other hand, it has also been suggested that it might have a positive role in preparing the body for metabolic stress, for example, by inducing a protective adipose tissue adaptation to the excess of nutrients supplied by a high-fat diet. In this line, its endothelial overexpression can delay lipid accumulation and insulin resistance development in obese transgenic mice by inducing the secretion of IL-6 followed by the expression of thermogenic and lipolytic genes. However, as NOX5 gene is not present in rodents and human NOX5 protein has not been crystallized, its function is still poorly characterized and further extensive research is required.
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14
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Ahmad S, Tan M, Hamid S. DNA repair mechanisms: Exploring potentials of nutraceutical. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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15
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Molecular Mechanism Underlying Role of the XBP1s in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9120459. [PMID: 36547457 PMCID: PMC9782920 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9120459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spliced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1s) is a protein that belongs to the cAMP-response element-binding (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) b-ZIP family with a basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP). There is mounting evidence to suggest that XBP1s performs a critical function in a range of different cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), indicating that it is necessary to gain a comprehensive knowledge of the processes involved in XBP1s in various disorders to make progress in research and clinical therapy. In this research, we provide a summary of the functions that XBP1s performs in the onset and advancement of CVDs such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. Furthermore, we discuss XBP1s as a novel therapeutic target for CVDs.
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16
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Miao R, Wang L, Chen Z, Ge S, Li L, Zhang K, Chen Y, Guo W, Duan X, Zhu M, Zhao G, Lin F. Advances in the study of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in myocardial remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1000578. [PMID: 36407440 PMCID: PMC9669076 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodeling is a key pathophysiological basis of heart failure, which seriously threatens human health and causes a severe economic burden worldwide. During chronic stress, the heart undergoes myocardial remodeling, mainly manifested by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, interstitial fibrosis, chamber enlargement, and cardiac dysfunction. The NADPH oxidase family (NOXs) are multisubunit transmembrane enzyme complexes involved in the generation of redox signals. Studies have shown that NOXs are highly expressed in the heart and are involved in the pathological development process of myocardial remodeling, which influences the development of heart failure. This review summarizes the progress of research on the pathophysiological processes related to the regulation of myocardial remodeling by NOXs, suggesting that NOXs-dependent regulatory mechanisms of myocardial remodeling are promising new therapeutic targets for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runran Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cardiovascular Repair Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shiqi Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yingen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xulei Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mingyang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cardiovascular Repair Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cardiovascular Repair Engineering Technology Research Center, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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17
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Zaabalawi A, Renshall L, Beards F, Lightfoot AP, Degens H, Alexander Y, Hasan R, Bilal H, Graf BA, Harris LK, Azzawi M. Internal Mammary Arteries as a Model to Demonstrate Restoration of the Impaired Vasodilation in Hypertension, Using Liposomal Delivery of the CYP1B1 Inhibitor, 2,3',4,5'-Tetramethoxystilbene. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2046. [PMID: 36297480 PMCID: PMC9611804 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant number of patients with severe cardiovascular disease, undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), present with hypertension. While internal mammary arteries (IMAs) may be a better alternative to vein grafts, their impaired vasodilator function affects their patency. Our objectives were to (1) determine if inhibition of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1B1, using liposome-encapsulated 2,3′,4,5′-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS), can potentiate vasodilation of IMAs from CABG patients, and (2) assess mechanisms involved using coronary arteries from normal rats, in an ex vivo model of hypertension. PEGylated liposomes were synthesized and loaded with TMS (mean diameter 141 ± 0.9 nm). Liposomal delivery of TMS improved its bioavailability Compared to TMS solution (0.129 ± 0.02 ng/mL vs. 0.086 ± 0.01 ng/mL at 4 h; p < 0.05). TMS-loaded liposomes alleviated attenuated endothelial-dependent acetylcholine (ACh)-induced dilation in diseased IMAs (@ACh 10−4 M: 56.9 ± 5.1%; n = 8 vs. 12.7 ± 7.8%; n = 6; p < 0.01) for TMS-loaded liposomes vs. blank liposomes, respectively. The alleviation in dilation may be due to the potent inhibition of CYP1B1 by TMS, and subsequent reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) moieties and stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis. In isolated rat coronary arteries exposed to a hypertensive environment, TMS-loaded liposomes potentiated nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization pathways via AMPK. Our findings are promising for the future development of TMS-loaded liposomes as a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance TMS bioavailability and potentiate vasodilator function in hypertension, with relevance for early and long-term treatment of CABG patients, via the sustained and localized TMS release within IMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azziza Zaabalawi
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Lewis Renshall
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Frances Beards
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Adam P. Lightfoot
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AP, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Yvonne Alexander
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Ragheb Hasan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Haris Bilal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Brigitte A. Graf
- Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BG, UK
| | - Lynda K. Harris
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - May Azzawi
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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18
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Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Dysfunction in Hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115263. [PMID: 36174768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of essential hypertension involves several factors. Vascular dysfunction, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, low-grade inflammation and structural remodeling, plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of essential hypertension. Although the mechanistic pathways by which essential hypertension develops are poorly understood, several pharmacological classes available on the clinical settings improve blood pressure by interfering in the cardiac output and/or vascular function. This review is divided in two major sections. The first section depicts the major molecular pathways as renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelin, nitric oxide signalling pathway and oxidative stress in the development of vascular dysfunction. The second section describes the role of some pharmacological classes such as i) RAAS inhibitors, ii) dual angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, iii) endothelin-1 receptor antagonists, iv) soluble guanylate cyclase modulators, v) phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and vi) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the context of hypertension. Some classes are already approved in the treatment of hypertension, but others are not yet approved. However, due to their potential benefits these classes were included.
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19
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Eid SA, Savelieff MG, Eid AA, Feldman EL. Nox, Nox, Are You There? The Role of NADPH Oxidases in the Peripheral Nervous System. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:613-630. [PMID: 34861780 PMCID: PMC9634986 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to multiple aspects of peripheral nervous system (PNS) biology ranging from physiological processes (e.g., axonal outgrowth and regeneration) to pathophysiology (e.g., nerve degeneration). Although ROS are derived from multiple sources, NADPH oxidase (Nox) family members are dedicated to ROS generation. Noxs are expressed in the PNS, and their overexpression is associated with detrimental effects on nerve function and contributes, at least in part, to peripheral neuropathies. Recent Advances: Of the seven members, studies mostly focused on Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4, which are expressed in the PNS in a cell-specific manner. We have also recently identified human Nox5 in sural nerve biopsies. When maintained at homeostatic levels, Noxs regulate several aspects of peripheral nerve health, most notably neurite outgrowth and axonal regeneration following nerve lesion. While Nox2 and Nox4 dysregulation is a major source of oxidative stress in PNS disorders, including neuropathic pain and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, recent evidence also implicates Nox1 and Nox5. Critical Issues: Although there is compelling evidence for a direct role of Noxs on nerve function, little is known about their subcellular localization, intercellular regulation, and interaction. These, together with redox signaling, are considered crucial components of nerve redox status. In addition, the lack of isoform-specific inhibitors limits conclusions about the physiological role of Noxs in the PNS and their therapeutic potential in peripheral neuropathies. Future Directions: Future research using isoform-specific genetic and pharmacological approaches are therefore needed to better understand the significance of Nox enzymes in PNS (patho) physiology. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 613-630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie A. Eid
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Masha G. Savelieff
- Department of Neurology, NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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20
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Lansdell TA, Chambers LC, Dorrance AM. Endothelial Cells and the Cerebral Circulation. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3449-3508. [PMID: 35766836 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the innermost layer of all blood vessels and are the only vascular component that remains throughout all vascular segments. The cerebral vasculature has several unique properties not found in the peripheral circulation; this requires that the cerebral endothelium be considered as a unique entity. Cerebral endothelial cells perform several functions vital for brain health. The cerebral vasculature is responsible for protecting the brain from external threats carried in the blood. The endothelial cells are central to this requirement as they form the basis of the blood-brain barrier. The endothelium also regulates fibrinolysis, thrombosis, platelet activation, vascular permeability, metabolism, catabolism, inflammation, and white cell trafficking. Endothelial cells regulate the changes in vascular structure caused by angiogenesis and artery remodeling. Further, the endothelium contributes to vascular tone, allowing proper perfusion of the brain which has high energy demands and no energy stores. In this article, we discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the cerebral endothelium. Where appropriate, we discuss the detrimental effects of high blood pressure on the cerebral endothelium and the contribution of cerebrovascular disease endothelial dysfunction and dementia. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3449-3508, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Lansdell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Laura C Chambers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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21
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Jha JC, Dai A, Garzarella J, Charlton A, Urner S, Østergaard JA, Okabe J, Holterman CE, Skene A, Power DA, Ekinci EI, Coughlan MT, Schmidt HHHW, Cooper ME, Touyz RM, Kennedy CR, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Independent of Renox, NOX5 Promotes Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis in Diabetes by Activating ROS-Sensitive Pathways. Diabetes 2022; 71:1282-1298. [PMID: 35275988 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here, we provide key findings demonstrating the predominant pathological role of the pro-oxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) in DKD, independent of the previously characterized NOX4 pathway. In patients with diabetes, we found increased expression of renal NOX5 in association with enhanced ROS formation and upregulation of ROS-sensitive factors early growth response 1 (EGR-1), protein kinase C-α (PKC-α), and a key metabolic gene involved in redox balance, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). In preclinical models of DKD, overexpression of NOX5 in Nox4-deficient mice enhances kidney damage by increasing albuminuria and augmenting renal fibrosis and inflammation via enhanced ROS formation and the modulation of EGR1, TXNIP, ERK1/2, PKC-α, and PKC-ε. In addition, the only first-in-class NOX inhibitor, GKT137831, appears to be ineffective in the presence of NOX5 expression in diabetes. In vitro, silencing of NOX5 in human mesangial cells attenuated upregulation of EGR1, PKC-α, and TXNIP induced by high glucose levels, as well as markers of inflammation (TLR4 and MCP-1) and fibrosis (CTGF and collagens I and III) via reduction in ROS formation. Collectively, these findings identify NOX5 as a superior target in human DKD compared with other NOX isoforms such as NOX4, which may have been overinterpreted in previous rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aozhi Dai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Garzarella
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amelia Charlton
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofia Urner
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jakob A Østergaard
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jun Okabe
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chet E Holterman
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Skene
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Power
- Department of Nephrology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Chris R Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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22
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Zhang L, Zhang H, Ma J, Wang Y, Pei Z, Ding H. Effects of thymoquinone against angiotensin II‑induced cardiac damage in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:63. [PMID: 35293590 PMCID: PMC8930094 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines have attracted much attention in recent years and are increasingly being used as alternatives to pharmaceutical medicines. Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the most active ingredients in Nigella sativa seeds, which has several beneficial properties, including anti‑inflammatory, anti‑oxidative stress, anti‑hypertensive, anti‑apoptotic and free radical‑scavenging effects. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is involved in cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of TQ against Ang II‑induced cardiac damage in apolipoprotein E‑deficient (ApoE‑/‑) mice. Briefly, 8‑week‑old male ApoE‑/‑ mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control, TQ, Ang II and Ang II + TQ groups. Osmotic minipumps, filled with either a saline vehicle or an Ang II solution (1,000 ng/kg/min), were implanted in ApoE‑/‑ mice for up to 4 weeks. The serum levels of high‑sensitivity C‑reactive protein (hs‑CRP) and histopathological alterations in heart tissue were assessed. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of molecules associated with fibrosis (collagen I and III), oxidative stress and apoptosis (Nox4 and p53), and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6] were analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) and western blotting. In the in vitro study, H9c2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of Ang II, and the expression levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using RT‑qPCR, whereas the protein expression levels of phosphorylated‑extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (p‑ERK) were determined using western blotting. Western blotting was also performed to detect the expression levels of collagen I, collagen III, Nox4 and p53 in H9c2 cells. The results revealed that TQ inhibited the Ang II‑induced increases in serum hs‑CRP levels. TQ also significantly inhibited the high levels of TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, collagen I, collagen III, Nox4 and p53 in Ang II‑treated mice. Furthermore, TQ protected against Ang II‑induced cardiac damage by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine expression, fibrosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis by suppressing activation of the p‑ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, TQ could be considered a potential therapeutic agent for Ang II‑induced cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
| | - Hujin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
| | - Zuowei Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
- National Centre of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
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23
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Shi X, Dorsey A, Qiu H. New Progress in the Molecular Regulations and Therapeutic Applications in Cardiac Oxidative Damage Caused by Pressure Overload. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050877. [PMID: 35624741 PMCID: PMC9137593 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pressure overload is a key risk factor for mortality due to its subsequent development of heart failure, in which the underlying molecular mechanisms remain vastly undetermined. In this review, we updated the latest advancements for investigating the role and relevant mechanisms of oxidative stress involved in the pathogenesis of pressure-overload-induced cardiomyopathy and cardiac dysfunction, focusing on significant biological sources of reactive oxygen species (free radical) production, antioxidant defenses, and their association with the cardiac metabolic remodeling in the stressed heart. We also summarize the newly developed preclinical therapeutic approaches in animal models for pressure-overload-induced myocardial damage. This review aims to enhance the current understanding of the mechanisms of chronic hypertensive heart failure and potentially improve the development of better therapeutic strategies for the associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongyu Qiu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-413-3371; Fax: +1-404-413-9566
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24
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Fei J, Demillard LJ, Ren J. Reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular diseases: an update. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, imposing major health threats. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the most important products from the process of redox reactions. In the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases, ROS are believed to heavily influence homeostasis of lipids, proteins, DNA, mitochondria, and energy metabolism. As ROS production increases, the heart is damaged, leading to further production of ROS. The vicious cycle continues on as additional ROS are generated. For example, recent evidence indicated that connexin 43 (Cx43) deficiency and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activation led to a loss of protection in cardiomyocytes. In this context, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind ROS production is vital in determining effective treatment and management strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Laurie J. Demillard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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25
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Zheng H, Xu N, Zhang Z, Wang F, Xiao J, Ji X. Setanaxib (GKT137831) Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Inhibiting the NOX1/NOX4/Reactive Oxygen Species/MAPK Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:823975. [PMID: 35444554 PMCID: PMC9014097 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.823975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity is a highly concerning issue, and the mechanism by which DOX induces cardiotoxicity is likely to be multifactorial. NADPH oxidase (NOX) is associated with DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Setanaxib (GKT137831), a preferential direct inhibitor of NOX1 and NOX4, can delay or prevent the progression of many cardiovascular disorders by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this study, we investigated the role of GKT137831 in ameliorating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and the potential mechanisms of its action. Methods and Results: The mice model of cardiotoxicity induced by DOX was established, and GKT137831 treatment was performed at the same time. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were treated with DOX or GKT137831 for in vitro experiments. We found that DOX administration impaired cardiac function in vivo, reflected by decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (FS%). DOX also impaired the viability of NRCMs in vitro. In addition, DOX increased the levels of NOX1 and NOX4 expression and ROS production and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate, both in vivo and in vitro. GKT137831 improved cardiac function, as indicated by the increased LVEF and FS%. In vitro, GKT137831 improved NRCM viability. It also decreased ROS production and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate. Apoptotic indices, such as cleaved PARP (c-PARP), cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) and BAX expression levels, were decreased, and the antiapoptotic index of Bcl-2 expression was increased. DOX markedly activated phosphorylated JNK, ERK and p38 proteins in NRCMs. Specific inhibitors of JNK (SP600125), ERK (PD98059) or p38 (SB203580) inhibited DOX-induced apoptosis of NRCMs. GKT137831 pretreatment inhibited excessive DOX-induced MAPK pathway activation. Conclusion: This study revealed that GKT137831 can alleviate DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting NOX1/4-driven ROS production. The upregulation of MAPK pathway induced by NOX1/4-derived ROS production may be the potential mechanism of GKT137831 action. GKT137831 may be a potential drug candidate to ameliorate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nannan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Fen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoping Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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26
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Kränkel N. Increased cardiovascular risk in boys born with hypospadias: intriguing observations and remaining questions. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:1846-1848. [PMID: 35567565 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Kränkel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Calmodulin binding to the dehydrogenase domain of NADPH oxidase 5 alters its oligomeric state. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 29:101198. [PMID: 35079639 PMCID: PMC8777244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide generated by NADPH Oxidase 5 (Nox5) is regulated by Ca2+ through the interaction of its self-contained Ca2+ binding domain and dehydrogenase domain (DH). Recently, calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to enhance the Ca2+ sensitivity of Nox5 by binding to the CaM-binding domain sequence (CMBD), in which the interaction between CaM and Nox5 is largely unclear. Here, we used the CMBD peptide and truncated DH constructs, and separately studied their interaction with CaM by fluorescence, calorimetry, and dynamic light scattering. Our results revealed that each half-domain of CaM binds one CMBD peptide with a binding constant near 106 M-1 and a binding enthalpy change of −3.81 kcal/mol, consistent with an extended 1:2 CaM:CMBD structure. However, the recombinant truncated DH proteins exist as oligomers, possibly trimer and tetramer. The oligomeric states are concentration and salt dependent. CaM binding appears to stabilize the DH dimer complexed with CaM. The thermodynamics of CaM binding to the DH is comparable to the peptide-based study except that the near unity binding stoichiometry and a large conformational change were observed. Our result suggests that the oligomeric states of Nox5, mediated by its DH domain and CaM, may be important for its superoxide-generating activity. Calmodulin (CaM) binds two peptides corresponding to the CaM-binding domain (CMBD) in Nox5. Solution characterization suggests that the CMBD-bound Ca2+-CaM is in the extended form. The truncated dehydrogenase domains (DHs) were expressed as trimer and tetramer. The CaM binding to Nox5's DH kinetically stabilizes the dimer formation with unity stoichiometry.
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28
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Nikdoust F, Pazoki M, Mohammadtaghizadeh M, Aghaali MK, Amrovani M. Exosomes: Potential Player in Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:225-235. [PMID: 34669097 PMCID: PMC8527819 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are spherical bilayer membrane vesicles with an average diameter of 40-100 nm. These particles perform a wide range of biological activities due to their contents, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, lncRNA, and miRNA. Exosomes are involved in inflammation induction, oxidative stress and apoptosis, which can be effective in endothelial dysfunction. Due to the induction of mentioned processes in the endothelial cells, the intercellular connections are destroyed, cell permeability increases and finally cell efficiency decreases and functional defects occur. Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) are of consequences of endothelial dysfunction. Thus by identifying the exosome signaling pathways, which induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction and subsequently CVDs can be reduced; exosomes can be used for appropriate target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Nikdoust
- Department of Cardiology, Shariati Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Pazoki
- Department of Cardiology, Rasoul Akram General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Karimzadeh Aghaali
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Amrovani
- High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Reyes-Goya C, Santana-Garrido Á, Aguilar-Espejo G, Pérez-Camino MC, Mate A, Vázquez CM. Daily consumption of wild olive (acebuche) oil reduces blood pressure and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling in rats with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertension. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1-14. [PMID: 35000635 PMCID: PMC9530918 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous reports on the beneficial effects of olive oil in the cardiovascular context, very little is known about the olive tree's wild counterpart (Olea europaea, L. var. sylvestris), commonly known as acebuche (ACE) in Spain. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible beneficial effects of an extra virgin ACE oil on vascular function in a rodent model of arterial hypertension (AH) induced by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Four experimental groups of male Wistar rats were studied: (1) normotensive rats (Control group); (2) normotensive rats fed a commercial diet supplemented with 15 % (w/w) ACE oil (Acebuche group); (3) rats made hypertensive following administration of L-NAME (L-NAME group); and (4) rats treated with L-NAME and simultaneously supplemented with 15 % ACE oil (LN + ACE group). All treatments were maintained for 12 weeks. Besides a significant blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect, the ACE oil-enriched diet counteracted the alterations found in aortas from hypertensive rats in terms of morphology and responsiveness to vasoactive mediators. In addition, a decrease in hypertension-related fibrotic and oxidative stress processes was observed in L-NAME-treated rats subjected to ACE oil supplement. Therefore, using a model of AH via nitric oxide depletion, here we demonstrate the beneficial effects of a wild olive oil based upon its vasodilator, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antihypertrophic and antifibrotic properties. We postulate that regular inclusion of ACE oil in the diet can alleviate the vascular remodelling and endothelial dysfunction processes typically found in AH, thus resulting in a significant reduction of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Reyes-Goya
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
| | - Álvaro Santana-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gema Aguilar-Espejo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Pérez-Camino
- Departamento de Caracterización y Calidad de lípidos, Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, E-41013Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen M. Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013Sevilla, Spain
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30
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Hasheminasabgorji E, Jha JC. Dyslipidemia, Diabetes and Atherosclerosis: Role of Inflammation and ROS-Redox-Sensitive Factors. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111602. [PMID: 34829831 PMCID: PMC8615779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is growing at an alarming rate with increased disability, morbidity, and often premature mortality because of the various complications of this disorder. Chronic hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and other metabolic alterations lead to the development and progression of macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes including cardiovascular, retinal and kidney disease. Despite advances in glucose and lipid lowering treatments, a large number of diabetic individuals develop one or more types of these complications, ultimately leading to end-organ damage over the time. Atherosclerosis is the major macro-vascular complications of diabetes and the primary underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) posing heavy burden on the health care system. In this review, we discuss the involvement of dyslipidemia in the progression of atherosclerosis by activating the pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related factors. In addition, we also provide information on various pharmacological agents that provides protection against diabetic atherosclerosis by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hasheminasabgorji
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran;
| | - Jay C. Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
- Correspondence:
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31
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Fang J, Sheng R, Qin ZH. NADPH Oxidases in the Central Nervous System: Regional and Cellular Localization and the Possible Link to Brain Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:951-973. [PMID: 34293949 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The significant role of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) in signal transduction is mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially in the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of some neurologic and psychiatric diseases is regulated by ROS, acting as a second messenger or pathogen. Recent Advances: In the CNS, the involvement of Nox-derived ROS has been implicated in the regulation of multiple signals, including cell survival/apoptosis, neuroinflammation, migration, differentiation, proliferation, and synaptic plasticity, as well as the integrity of the blood/brain barrier. In these processes, the intracellular signals mediated by the members of the Nox family vary among different tissues. The present review illuminates the regions and cellular, subcellular localization of Nox isoforms in the brain, the signal transduction, and the role of NOX enzymes in pathophysiology, respectively. Critical Issues: Different signal transduction cascades are coupled to ROS derived from various Nox homologues with varying degrees. Therefore, a critical issue worth noting is the varied role of the homologues of NOX enzymes in different signaling pathways and also they mediate different phenotypes in the diverse pathophysiological condition. This substantiates the effectiveness of selective Nox inhibitors in the CNS. Future Directions: Further investigation to elucidate the role of various homologues of NOX enzymes in acute and chronic brain diseases and signaling mechanisms, and the development of more specific NOX inhibitors for the treatment of CNS disease are urgently needed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 951-973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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32
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Lysophosphatidylcholine induces oxidative stress in human endothelial cells via NOX5 activation - implications in atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1845-1858. [PMID: 34269800 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms involved in NOX5 activation in atherosclerotic processes are not completely understood. This study tested the hypothesis that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a proatherogenic component of oxLDL, induces endothelial calcium influx, which drives NOX5-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction. Approach: Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were stimulated with LPC (10-5 M, for different time points). Pharmacological inhibition of NOX5 (Melittin, 10-7 M) and NOX5 gene silencing (siRNA) were used to determine the role of NOX5-dependent ROS production in endothelial oxidative stress induced by LPC. ROS production was determined by lucigenin assay and electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPR), calcium transients by Fluo4 fluorimetry, and NOX5 activity and protein expression by pharmacological assays and immunoblotting, respectively. RESULTS LPC increased ROS generation in endothelial cells at short (15 min) and long (4 h) stimulation times. LPC-induced ROS was abolished by a selective NOX5 inhibitor and by NOX5 siRNA. NOX1/4 dual inhibition and selective NOX1 inhibition only decreased ROS generation at 4 h. LPC increased HAEC intracellular calcium, important for NOX5 activation, and this was blocked by nifedipine and thapsigargin. Bapta-AM, selective Ca2+ chelator, prevented LPC-induced ROS production. NOX5 knockdown decreased LPC-induced ICAM-1 mRNA expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NOX5, by mechanisms linked to increased intracellular calcium, is key to early LPC-induced endothelial oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory processes. Since these are essential events in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, this study highlights an important role for NOX5 in atherosclerosis.
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33
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Li QQ, Li JY, Zhou M, Qin ZH, Sheng R. Targeting neuroinflammation to treat cerebral ischemia - The role of TIGAR/NADPH axis. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105081. [PMID: 34082063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a disease of ischemic necrosis of brain tissue caused by intracranial artery stenosis or occlusion and cerebral artery embolization. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Microglia, astrocytes, leukocytes and other cells that release a variety of inflammatory factors involved in neuroinflammation may play a damaging or protective role during the process of cerebral ischemia. TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptotic regulators (TIGAR) may facilitate the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphoric acid (NADPH) via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. TIGAR can also directly inhibit NF-κB to inhibit neuroinflammation. TIGAR thus protect against cerebral ischemic injury. Exogenous NADPH can inhibit neuroinflammation by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating a variety of signals. However, since NADPH oxidase (NOX) may use NADPH as a substrate to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to mediate neuroinflammation, the combination of NADPH and NOX inhibitors may produce more powerful anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Here, we review the cells and regulatory signals involved in neuroinflammation during cerebral ischemia, and discuss the possible mechanisms of targeting neuroinflammation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia with TIGAR/NADPH axis, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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34
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Lee H, Jose PA. Coordinated Contribution of NADPH Oxidase- and Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Implication in Renal Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670076. [PMID: 34017260 PMCID: PMC8129499 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is comprised of central obesity (increased waist circumference), hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia (high triglyceride blood levels, low high-density lipoprotein blood levels), and increased blood pressure. Oxidative stress, caused by the imbalance between pro-oxidant and endogenous antioxidant systems, is the primary pathological basis of MetS. The major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with MetS are nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and mitochondria. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the generation of ROS from NADPH oxidases and mitochondria, discuss the NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS signaling and pathophysiological effects, and the interplay between these two major sources of ROS, which leads to chronic inflammation, adipocyte proliferation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic abnormalities. The mechanisms linking MetS and chronic kidney disease are not well known. The role of NADPH oxidases and mitochondria in renal injury in the setting of MetS, particularly the influence of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in oxidative stress, inflammation, and subsequent renal injury, is highlighted. Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) underlying MetS may lead to novel therapeutic approaches by targeting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in MetS and prevent its sequelae of chronic cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewang Lee
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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Abstract
A link between oxidative stress and hypertension has been firmly established in multiple animal models of hypertension but remains elusive in humans. While initial studies focused on inactivation of nitric oxide by superoxide, our understanding of relevant reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite) and how they modify complex signaling pathways to promote hypertension has expanded significantly. In this review, we summarize recent advances in delineating the primary and secondary sources of reactive oxygen species (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria), the posttranslational oxidative modifications they induce on protein targets important for redox signaling, their interplay with endogenous antioxidant systems, and the role of inflammasome activation and endoplasmic reticular stress in the development of hypertension. We highlight how oxidative stress in different organ systems contributes to hypertension, describe new animal models that have clarified the importance of specific proteins, and discuss clinical studies that shed light on how these processes and pathways are altered in human hypertension. Finally, we focus on the promise of redox proteomics and systems biology to help us fully understand the relationship between ROS and hypertension and their potential for designing and evaluating novel antihypertensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy K Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
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36
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Santana-Garrido Á, Reyes-Goya C, Fernández-Bobadilla C, Blanca AJ, André H, Mate A, Vázquez CM. NADPH oxidase-induced oxidative stress in the eyes of hypertensive rats. Mol Vis 2021; 27:161-178. [PMID: 33907371 PMCID: PMC8056463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by NADPH oxidase and inflammation are associated with arterial hypertension and eye diseases associated with high blood pressure, including glaucoma, retinopathies (e.g., age-related macular degeneration), and choroidopathies affecting ocular function; however, the mechanisms underlying these adverse outcomes remain undefined. The present study was designed to highlight the importance of oxidative stress in severe hypertension-related eye damage. Methods Male Wistar rats (n = 7, unless otherwise specified for specific experiments) were administered an oral dose of 30 mg of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) per kilogram of bodyweight and day for 3 weeks; chronic administration with L-NAME is a validated experimental approach resulting in severe hypertension secondary to nitric oxide (NO) depletion and subsequent vasoconstriction in the systemic circulation. Upon treatment completion, histomorphometric studies, NADPH oxidase activity, and ROS production were measured in eyecup homogenates and paraffin-embedded sections from control and L-NAME-treated animals. In addition, immunohistofluorescence, western blotting, and real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses were performed in the eye and the retina to evaluate the expression of i) NADPH oxidase main isoforms (NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4) and subunits (p22phox and p47phox); ii) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), as a marker of microglial activation in the retina; iii) antioxidant enzymes; and iv) endothelial constitutive (eNOS) and inflammation inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthase isoforms, and nitrotyrosine as a versatile biomarker of oxidative stress. Results Increased activity of NADPH oxidase and superoxide anion production, accompanied by transcriptional upregulation of this enzyme isoforms, was found in the retina and choroid of the hypertensive rats in comparison with the untreated controls. Histomorphometric analyses revealed a significant reduction in the thickness of the ganglion cell layer and the outer retinal layers in the hypertensive animals, which also showed a positive strong signal of GFAP in the retinal outer segment and plexiform layers. In addition, L-NAME-treated animals presented with upregulation of nitric oxide synthase (including inducible and endothelial isoforms) and abnormally elevated nitrotyrosine levels. Experiments on protein and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes revealed depletion of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the eyes of the hypertensive animals; however, glutathione reductase was significantly higher than in the normotensive controls. Conclusions The present study demonstrated structural changes in the retinas of the L-NAME-treated hypertensive animals and strengthens the importance of NADPH oxidase as a major ROS-generating enzyme system in the oxidative and inflammatory processes surrounding hypertensive eye diseases. These observations might contribute to unveiling pathogenic mechanisms responsible for developing ocular disturbances in the context of severe hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Santana-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González, Sevilla, Spain,Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Claudia Reyes-Goya
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernández-Bobadilla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Blanca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González, Sevilla, Spain,Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen M. Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González, Sevilla, Spain,Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, Sevilla, Spain
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Marino A, Hausenloy DJ, Andreadou I, Horman S, Bertrand L, Beauloye C. AMP-activated protein kinase: A remarkable contributor to preserve a healthy heart against ROS injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:238-254. [PMID: 33675956 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Left ventricle remodeling, fibrosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injury all contribute to the deterioration of cardiac function and predispose to the onset of heart failure. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the universally recognized energy sensor which responds to low ATP levels and restores cellular metabolism. AMPK activation controls numerous cellular processes and, in the heart, it plays a pivotal role in preventing onset and progression of disease. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, known as oxidative stress, can activate AMPK, conferring an additional role of AMPK as a redox-sensor. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the crosstalk between ROS and AMPK. We describe the molecular mechanisms by which ROS activate AMPK and how AMPK signaling can further prevent heart failure progression. Ultimately, we review the potential therapeutic approaches to target AMPK for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and prevention of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Marino
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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Cortassa S, Juhaszova M, Aon MA, Zorov DB, Sollott SJ. Mitochondrial Ca 2+, redox environment and ROS emission in heart failure: Two sides of the same coin? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 151:113-125. [PMID: 33301801 PMCID: PMC7880885 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive, debilitating condition characterized, in part, by altered ionic equilibria, increased ROS production and impaired cellular energy metabolism, contributing to variable profiles of systolic and diastolic dysfunction with significant functional limitations and risk of premature death. We summarize current knowledge concerning changes of intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ control mechanisms during the disease progression and their consequences on mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and the shift in redox balance. Absent existing biological data, our computational modeling studies advance a new 'in silico' analysis to reconcile existing opposing views, based on different experimental HF models, regarding variations in mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration that participate in triggering and perpetuating oxidative stress in the failing heart and their impact on cardiac energetics. In agreement with our hypothesis and the literature, model simulations demonstrate the possibility that the heart's redox status together with cytoplasmic Na+ concentrations act as regulators of mitochondrial Ca2+ levels in HF and of the bioenergetics response that will ultimately drive ATP supply and oxidative stress. The resulting model predictions propose future directions to study the evolution of HF as well as other types of heart disease, and to develop novel testable mechanistic hypotheses that may lead to improved therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cortassa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Magdalena Juhaszova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States; Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Dmitry B Zorov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Steven J Sollott
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Miguel M, Vassallo DV, Wiggers GA. Bioactive Peptides and Hydrolysates from Egg Proteins as a New Tool for Protection Against Cardiovascular Problems. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3676-3683. [PMID: 32216734 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200327181458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to review the potential beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with bioactive egg protein hydrolysates or peptides on cardiometabolic changes associated with oxidative stress. The development of nutritionally improved food products designed to address specific health concerns is of particular interest because many bioactive food compounds can be potentially useful in various physiological functions such as for reducing oxidative stress. The results presented suggest that egg hydrolysates or derived peptides could be included in the diet to prevent and/or reduce some cardiometabolic complications associated with oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miguel
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación em Ciencias de la Alimentación, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalton V Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo and School of Medicine of Santa Casa de Misericordia (EMESCAM), Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Zip Code: 29040-090, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Giulia A Wiggers
- Cardiovascular Physiology Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118. Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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40
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Costa TJ, Barros PR, Arce C, Santos JD, da Silva-Neto J, Egea G, Dantas AP, Tostes RC, Jiménez-Altayó F. The homeostatic role of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and nitric oxide in the vasculature. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:615-635. [PMID: 33248264 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are produced in a wide range of physiological reactions that, at low concentrations, play essential roles in living organisms. There is a delicate equilibrium between formation and degradation of these mediators in a healthy vascular system, which contributes to maintaining these species under non-pathological levels to preserve normal vascular functions. Antioxidants scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to prevent or reduce damage caused by excessive oxidation. However, an excessive reductive environment induced by exogenous antioxidants may disrupt redox balance and lead to vascular pathology. This review summarizes the main aspects of free radical biochemistry (formation, sources and elimination) and the crucial actions of some of the most biologically relevant and well-characterized reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and nitric oxide) in the physiological regulation of vascular function, structure and angiogenesis. Furthermore, current preclinical and clinical evidence is discussed on how excessive removal of these crucial responses by exogenous antioxidants (vitamins and related compounds, polyphenols) may perturb vascular homeostasis. The aim of this review is to provide information of the crucial physiological roles of oxidation in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells and perivascular adipose tissue for developing safer and more effective vascular interventions with antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago J Costa
- Pharmacology Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Cristina Arce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociencies i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Júlio da Silva-Neto
- Pharmacology Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Egea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociencies i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Dantas
- Institut Clínic del Tòrax, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Pharmacology Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are ubiquitous metabolic products and important cellular signaling molecules that contribute to several biological functions. Pathophysiology arises when ROS are generated either in excess or in cell types or subcellular locations that normally do not produce ROS or when non-physiological types of ROS (e.g., superoxide instead of hydrogen peroxide) are formed. In the latter scenario, antioxidants were considered as the apparent remedy but, clinically, have consistently failed and even sometimes induced harm. The obvious reason for that is the non-selective ROS scavenging effects of antioxidants which interfere with both qualities of ROS, physiological and pathological. Therefore, it is essential to overcome this "antidote or neutralizer" strategy. We here review the most promising alternative approach by identifying the disease-relevant enzymatic sources of ROS, target these selectively, but leave physiological ROS signaling through other sources intact. Among all ROS sources, NADPH oxidases (NOX1-5 and DUOX1-2) stand out as their sole function is to produce ROS, whereas most other enzymatic sources only produce ROS as a by-product or upon biochemical uncoupling or damage. This qualifies NOXs as the main potential drug-target candidates in diseases associated with dysfunction in ROS signaling. As a reflection of this, the development of several NOX inhibitors has taken place. Recently, the WHO approved a new stem, "naxib," which refers to NADPH oxidase inhibitors, and thereby recognized NOX inhibitors as a new therapeutic class. This has been announced while clinical trials with the first-in-class compound, setanaxib (initially known as GKT137831) had been initiated. We also review the differences between the seven NOX family members in terms of structure and function in health and disease and then focus on the most advanced NOX inhibitors with an exclusive focus on clinically relevant validations and applications. Therapeutically relevant NADPH oxidase isoforms type 1, 2, 4, and 5 (NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, NOX5). Of note, NOX5 is not present in mice and rats and thus pre-clinically less studied. NOX2, formerly termed gp91phox, has been correlated with many, too many, diseases and is rather relevant as genetic deficiency in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), treated by gene therapy. Overproduction of ROS through NOX1, NOX4, and NOX5 leads to the indicated diseases states including atherosclerosis (red), a condition where NOX4 is surprisingly protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School of MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | | | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, School of MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Villalpando DM, Verdasco-Martín CM, Plaza I, Gómez-Rivas J, R de Bethencourt F, Villarroel M, García JL, Otero C, Ferrer M. Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Aqueous Extract on Vasodilator Function of Arteries from Hypertensive Rats. Int J Vasc Med 2020; 2020:6657077. [PMID: 33457015 PMCID: PMC7787865 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6657077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder considered one of the major causes of premature death worldwide. This pathology is associated with vascular functional/structural alterations in which nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen reactive species participate. On the other hand, the use of microalgae extracts in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is increasing. Based on the antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of Spirulina, this study aims to investigate the effect of an aqueous extract of Spirulina on the vasodilator function of the aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), analyzing the functional role of NO. For this, aortic segments from male SHR were divided into two groups, one control and the other exposed to an Spirulina aqueous extract (0.1% w/v, for 3 hours), to analyze (i) the production of NO, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide; (ii) the vasodilator response induced by acetylcholine (ACh), by the NO donor and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and by the KATP channel opener and pinacidil; and (iii) the expression of the p-Akt, p-eNOS, and HO-1 proteins. The results showed that the aqueous Spirulina extract (i) increased the production of NO, did not significantly modify that of superoxide, while decreased that of hydrogen peroxide; (ii) increased the vasodilatory responses induced by ACh, NPS, and pinacidil; and (iii) increased the expression of p-Akt and HO-1. These results suggest that incubation with the aqueous Spirulina extract improves the vascular function of arteries from SHR by increasing the release/bioavailability/function of NO. Increased KATP channel activation and expression of pAkt and HO-1 appear to be participating in these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva M. Villalpando
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Verdasco-Martín
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Plaza
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez-Rivas
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín R de Bethencourt
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Morris Villarroel
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Biotecnología Medioambiental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Otero
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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Sadri S, Tomar N, Yang C, Audi SH, Cowley AW, Dash RK. Mechanistic computational modeling of the kinetics and regulation of NADPH oxidase 2 assembly and activation facilitating superoxide production. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:695-721. [PMID: 33059489 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1836368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in many physiological processes. However, ROS overproduction leads to oxidative stress, which plays a critical role in cell injury/death and the pathogenesis of many diseases. Members of NADPH oxidase (NOX) family, most of which are comprised of membrane and cytosolic components, are known to be the major nonmitochondrial sources of ROS in many cells. NOX2 is a widely-expressed and well-studied NOX family member, which is activated upon assembly of its membrane subunits gp91 phox and p22 phox with its cytosolic subunits p40 phox , p47 phox , p67 phox , and Rac, facilitating ROS production. NOX2 activation is also enhanced by GTP and inhibited by GDP. However, there remains a lack of a mechanistic, quantitative, and integrated understanding of the kinetics and regulation of the assembly of these subunits and their relative contributions toward NOX2 activation and ROS production. Toward this end, we have developed a mechanistic computational model, which incorporates a generalized random rapid equilibrium binding mechanism for NOX2 assembly and activation as well as regulations by GTP (activation), GDP (inhibition), and individual subunits enhancing the binding of other subunits (mutual binding enhancement). The resulting model replicates diverse published kinetic data, including subunit concentration-dependent NOX2 activation and ROS production, under different assay conditions, with appropriate estimates of the unknown model parameters. The model provides a mechanistic, quantitative, and integrated framework for investigating the critical roles of NOX2 subunits in NOX2 assembly and activation facilitating ROS production in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, there is also a need for better quantitative kinetic data based on current understanding of NOX2 assembly and activation in order to test and further develop this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Sadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WIS, USA
| | - Namrata Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WIS, USA
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WIS, USA
| | - Said H Audi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WIS, USA
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WIS, USA
| | - Ranjan K Dash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WIS, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WIS, USA
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Piqueras L, Sanz MJ. Angiotensin II and leukocyte trafficking: New insights for an old vascular mediator. Role of redox-signaling pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:38-54. [PMID: 32057992 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and activation of the immune system are key molecular and cellular events in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension-induced target-organ damage, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) is the main effector peptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin system. Beyond its role as a potent vasoconstrictor and regulator of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis, Ang-II is intimately involved in the development of vascular lesions in cardiovascular diseases through the activation of different immune cells. The migration of leukocytes from circulation to the arterial subendothelial space is a crucial immune response in lesion development that is mediated through a sequential and coordinated cascade of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesive interactions involving an array of cell adhesion molecules present on target leukocytes and endothelial cells and the generation and release of chemoattractants that activate and guide leukocytes to sites of emigration. In this review, we outline the key events of Ang-II participation in the leukocyte recruitment cascade, the underlying mechanisms implicated, and the corresponding redox-signaling pathways. We also address the use of inhibitor drugs targeting the effects of Ang-II in the context of leukocyte infiltration in these cardiovascular pathologies, and examine the clinical data supporting the relevance of blocking Ang-II-induced vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piqueras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute, Spanish Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria-Jesus Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute, Spanish Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain.
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45
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Casas AI, Nogales C, Mucke HAM, Petraina A, Cuadrado A, Rojo AI, Ghezzi P, Jaquet V, Augsburger F, Dufrasne F, Soubhye J, Deshwal S, Di Sante M, Kaludercic N, Di Lisa F, Schmidt HHHW. On the Clinical Pharmacology of Reactive Oxygen Species. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:801-828. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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46
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Pechanova O, Dayar E, Cebova M. Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles in Cardiovascular System. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153322. [PMID: 32707934 PMCID: PMC7435870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies document an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a subsequent decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in different cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Many natural polyphenols have been demonstrated to decrease ROS generation and/or to induce the endogenous antioxidant enzymatic defense system. Moreover, different polyphenolic compounds have the ability to increase the activity/expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) with a subsequent enhancement of NO generation. However, as a result of low absorption and bioavailability of natural polyphenols, the beneficial effects of these substances are very limited. Recent progress in delivering polyphenols to the targeted tissues revealed new possibilities for the use of polymeric nanoparticles in increasing the efficiency and reducing the degradability of natural polyphenols. This review focuses on the effects of different natural polyphenolic substances, especially resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, and cherry extracts, and their ability to bind to polymeric nanoparticles, and summarizes the effects of polyphenol-loaded nanoparticles, mainly in the cardiovascular system.
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47
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Seccia TM, Rigato M, Ravarotto V, Calò LA. ROCK (RhoA/Rho Kinase) in Cardiovascular-Renal Pathophysiology: A Review of New Advancements. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051328. [PMID: 32370294 PMCID: PMC7290501 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCK) were originally identified as effectors of the RhoA small GTPase and found to belong to the AGC family of serine/threonine kinases. They were shown to be downstream effectors of RhoA and RhoC activation. They signal via phosphorylation of proteins such as MYPT-1, thereby regulating many key cellular functions including proliferation, motility and viability and the RhoA/ROCK signaling has been shown to be deeply involved in arterial hypertension, cardiovascular–renal remodeling, hypertensive nephropathy and posttransplant hypertension. Given the deep involvement of ROCK in cardiovascular–renal pathophysiology and the interaction of ROCK signaling with other signaling pathways, the reports of trials on the clinical beneficial effects of ROCK’s pharmacologic targeting are growing. In this current review, we provide a brief survey of the current understanding of ROCK-signaling pathways, also integrating with the more novel data that overall support a relevant role of ROCK for the cardiovascular–renal physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M. Seccia
- Department of Medicine, Hypertension Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Matteo Rigato
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (V.R.)
| | - Verdiana Ravarotto
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (V.R.)
| | - Lorenzo A. Calò
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8213071; Fax: +39-049-8217921
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48
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Wei CC, Hay E, Smith D, Lloyd L, Acharya G, Ngo R. Binding of Nox5's EF-Hand domain to the peptides corresponding to the phosphorylatable region and regulatory inhibitory loop in its dehydrogenase domain. Biophys Chem 2020; 262:106379. [PMID: 32339785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase 5 (Nox5) are regulated by Ca2+ flux through the interactions of its self-contained EF-hand domain (EFD), dehydrogenase domain (DH), and transmembrane domain. Studies suggest that the regulatory EF-hand binding domain (REFBD) and phosphorylatable (PhosR) sequences within DH play an important role in Nox5's superoxide-generating activity. However, the interplay of the EFD-DH interaction is largely unclear. Here, we used two synthetic peptides corresponding to the putative REFBD and PhosR sequences, as well as DH construct proteins, and separately studied their binding to EFD by fluorescence spectroscopy and calorimetry. With mutagenesis, we revealed that the C-terminal half domain of EFD binds specifically to REFBD in a Ca2+-dependent manner, which is driven primarily by hydrophobic interactions to form a more compact structure. On the other hand, the interaction between EFD and PhosR is not Ca2+-dependent and is primarily dominated by electrostatic interactions. The binding constants (Ka) for both peptides to EFD were calculated to be in the range of 105 M-1. The formation of the binary complex EFD/REFBD and ternary complex EFD/REFBD/PhosR was demonstrated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). However, EFD binding to PhosR appears to be not biologically important while the conformational change on its C-terminal half domain resembles a major factor in EFD-DH domain-domain interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA.
| | - Evan Hay
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - Dustin Smith
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - Laura Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - Rebecca Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
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49
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Bouzakri K, Veyrat-Durebex C, Holterman C, Arous C, Barbieux C, Bosco D, Altirriba J, Alibashe M, Tournier BB, Gunton JE, Mouche S, Bietiger W, Forterre A, Berney T, Pinget M, Christofori G, Kennedy C, Szanto I. Beta-Cell-Specific Expression of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 5 Aggravates High-Fat Diet-Induced Impairment of Islet Insulin Secretion in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:618-635. [PMID: 31931619 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX-es) produce reactive oxygen species and modulate β-cell insulin secretion. Islets of type 2 diabetic subjects present elevated expression of NOX5. Here, we sought to characterize regulation of NOX5 expression in human islets in vitro and to uncover the relevance of NOX5 in islet function in vivo using a novel mouse model expressing NOX5 in doxycycline-inducible, β-cell-specific manner (RIP/rtTA/NOX5 mice). Results:In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry employed on pancreatic sections demonstrated NOX5 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expressions in human islets. In cultures of dispersed islets, NOX5 protein was observed in somatostatin-positive (δ) cells in basal (2.8 mM glucose) conditions. Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of NOX5 in human islets cultured in basal glucose concentrations resulted in diminished glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) in vitro. However, when islets were preincubated in high (16.7 mM) glucose media for 12 h, NOX5 appeared also in insulin-positive (β) cells. In vivo, mice with β-cell NOX5 expression developed aggravated impairment of GIIS compared with control mice when challenged with 14 weeks of high-fat diet. Similarly, in vitro palmitate preincubation resulted in more severe reduction of insulin release in islets of RIP/rtTA/NOX5 mice compared with their control littermates. Decreased insulin secretion was most distinct in response to theophylline stimulation, suggesting impaired cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated signaling due to increased phosphodiesterase activation. Innovation and Conclusions: Our data provide the first insight into the complex regulation and function of NOX5 in islets implying an important role for NOX5 in δ-cell-mediated intraislet crosstalk in physiological circumstances but also identifying it as an aggravating factor in β-cell failure in diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bouzakri
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Chet Holterman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Caroline Arous
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Barbieux
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Altirriba
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Alibashe
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin B Tournier
- Vulnerability Biomarkers Unit, Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Mouche
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thierry Berney
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Pinget
- Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Christopher Kennedy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ildiko Szanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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50
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Negre-Salvayre A, Guerby P, Gayral S, Laffargue M, Salvayre R. Role of reactive oxygen species in atherosclerosis: Lessons from murine genetic models. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 149:8-22. [PMID: 31669759 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic and inflammatory disease of medium and large arteries, and the major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves a number of risk factors and complex events including hypercholesterolemia, endothelial dysfunction, increased permeability to low density lipoproteins (LDL) and their sequestration on extracellular matrix in the intima of lesion-prone areas. These events promote LDL modifications, particularly by oxidation, which generates acute and chronic inflammatory responses implicated in atherogenesis and lesion progression. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) (which include both free radical and non-free radical oxygen intermediates), play a key-role at each step of atherogenesis, in endothelial dysfunction, LDL oxidation, and inflammatory events involved in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis lesions. Most advanced knowledge supporting the "oxidative theory of atherosclerosis" i.e. the nature and the cellular sources of ROS and antioxidant defences, as well as the mechanisms involved in the redox balance, is based on the use of genetically engineered animals, i.e. transgenic, genetically modified, or altered for systems producing or neutralizing ROS in the vessels. This review summarizes the results obtained from animals genetically manipulated for various sources of ROS or antioxidant defences in the vascular wall, and their relevance (advance or limitation), for understanding the place and role of ROS in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Guerby
- Inserm U-1048, Université de Toulouse, France; Pôle de gynécologie obstétrique, Hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, France
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