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Clement A, Ravet M, Stanger C, Gabrielli J. Feasibility, usability, and acceptability of MobileCoach-Teen: A smartphone app-based preventative intervention for risky adolescent drinking behavior. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 159:209275. [PMID: 38110119 PMCID: PMC11027171 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adolescence (ages 15-18) is a critical period for experimentation with substance use, especially alcohol. Adolescent drinking poses hazards to physical and mental health, amplifies risk associated with other activities typically initiated during this life stage (e.g., driving, sexual activity), and is associated with adverse outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Existing preventative interventions are expensive and have questionable long-term efficacy. Digital interventions may represent an accessible and personalized approach to providing preventative intervention content to youth. METHODS This study recruited 29 adolescents aged 16-18 (M = 17.24, SD = 0.74) for a pilot feasibility trial of the MobileCoach-Teen (MC-Teen) smartphone app-based intervention. The study team randomized participants to receive either the alcohol intervention (MC-Teen) or attention control pseudo-intervention (MC-Fit). MC-Teen participants received 12 weeks of content adapted from a prior Swiss-based trial of a preventative alcohol intervention. Participants provided qualitative and quantitative feedback at baseline, via six biweekly surveys during and post-intervention. RESULTS Both groups rated the application as easy to download (M = 4.31, SD = 0.93; 5-point Likert). All participants completed the baseline survey in less than the estimated time of 10 min (M = 7:42, SD = 2:15) and rated the survey as easy to complete (M = 4.69, SD = 0.60; 5-point Likert). MC-Teen participants favorably assessed application user experience, message user experience, and digital working alliance with application. Qualitative themes included a desire for increased rate/amount and diversity of content, greater representation via coach options, user interface/user experience improvements, and additional features. CONCLUSION The MC-Teen intervention is feasible and acceptable based on a pilot feasibility trial with a sample of U.S. adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Clement
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Mariah Ravet
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Catherine Stanger
- Geisel School of Medicine, Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Joy Gabrielli
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Kulandaivelu Y, Hamilton J, Banerjee A, Gruzd A, Patel B, Stinson J. Social Media Interventions for Nutrition Education Among Adolescents: Scoping Review. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2023; 6:e36132. [PMID: 37471119 PMCID: PMC10401194 DOI: 10.2196/36132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period for reinforcing healthy dietary behaviors and supporting the development of cooking skills. Social media may be an avenue for supporting these behaviors, as it is popular among adolescents and can improve access to nutrition education interventions. This study sought to understand the optimal implementation of effective social media-based nutrition education interventions to inform the implementation of future social media-based nutrition education interventions. OBJECTIVE A scoping review of the characteristics, feasibility, effectiveness, and factors influencing social media-based nutrition education interventions for adolescents was conducted. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases using a predefined search strategy. Primary research articles were independently screened and included if they involved adolescent populations (10-18 years old) and delivered nutrition education through social media. The information on intervention characteristics, feasibility, effectiveness, and factors influencing social media-based nutrition education interventions was extracted. RESULTS A total of 28 publications out of 20,557 met the eligibility criteria. Twenty-five nutrition interventions were examined by 28 studies. Fourteen interventions used homegrown social media platforms, 8 used Facebook, and 2 used Instagram. Feasibility outcomes were infrequently reported, and the cost of intervention delivery was not reported. Engagement with interventions was variable; high engagement was not required to elicit significant improvements in dietary behaviors. Tailoring interventions, offering practical content, meaningful peer support, and involving families and communities facilitated successful interventions. Strategies to address engagement and technical issues were varied. CONCLUSIONS Emerging evidence demonstrates that social media interventions for adolescent nutrition are acceptable and improve nutrition outcomes. Future interventions should strengthen peer support components and tailor delivery to specific populations. Further research should examine engagement, adherence, and the impact of interventions on behavioral and physical outcomes. This review is the first to examine the use of social media as the primary medium for nutrition education for adolescent populations. The analysis used in this review argues the importance of peer support in social media-based nutrition interventions and the need for user-centered design of the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalinie Kulandaivelu
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jill Hamilton
- Centre for Healthy Active Kids, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ananya Banerjee
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anatoliy Gruzd
- Information Technology Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barkha Patel
- Centre for Healthy Active Kids, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stinson
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Vidmar AP, Salvy SJ, Wee CP, Pretlow R, Fox DS, Yee JK, Garell C, Glasner S, Mittelman SD. An addiction-based digital weight loss intervention: A multi-centre randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e12990. [PMID: 36484235 PMCID: PMC9905275 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized clinical trial tested the effectiveness of an addiction-based digital weight-loss intervention, focusing on withdrawal/abstinence from self-identified problem foods, snacking and excessive amounts at meals, and discomfort displacement, with and without coaching, compared to an in-person, multi-disciplinary, care model among adolescents with obesity. We hypothesized that the digital intervention with coaching would yield greater weight loss and lower delivery burden than the standard clinical arm, and greater participant engagement than the digital arm without coaching. METHODS Adolescents were randomized to app intervention, with or without coaching, or in-person multidisciplinary obesity intervention for 6 months. The primary outcome was change in %BMIp95 at weeks 12 and 24. A mixed-effects linear regression model was used to assess the association between change in %BMIp95 and intervention arm. We were also interested in assessing delivery burden, participant engagement and evaluating the relationships between weight change and demographic characteristics, mood, executive function and eating behaviours. RESULTS All adolescents (n = 161; BMI ≥95th%, age 16 ± 2.5 year; 47% Hispanic, 65% female, 59% publicly insured) lost weight over 24-weeks (-1.29%, [-1.82, -0.76], p < 0.0001), with no significant weight loss difference between groups (p = 0.3). Girls lost more weight than boys, whereas binge eating behaviour at baseline was associated with increase in %BMIp95 when controlling for other covariates. There was no association between ethnicity, mood, timing of intervention in relation to the pandemic, or executive function and change in %BMIp95 . CONCLUSIONS Contrary with our hypothesis, our results showed no difference in the change in BMI status between treatment arms. Since efficacy of this digital intervention was not inferior to in-person, multi-disciplinary care, this could offer a reasonable weight management option for clinicians, based on youth and family specific characteristics, such as accessibility, resources, and communication styles. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT035008353.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina P. Vidmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah J. Salvy
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Research Center for Health Equity Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Choo Phei Wee
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Southern California Clinical Science Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - D. Steven Fox
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Economics, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Yee
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
| | - Cambria Garell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Suzette Glasner
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven D. Mittelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wu YY, Chou WH. A Bibliometric Analysis to Identify Research Trends in Intervention Programs for Smartphone Addiction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3840. [PMID: 36900851 PMCID: PMC10001304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone addiction is a serious social problem that necessitates research. To identify trends in intervention programs for smartphone addiction, distribution of research topics, and inter-relationships in academic research. We analyzed 104 studies published between 30 June 2022, and 31 August 2022, on the Web of Science (WoS). We applied the bibliometric method and identified the relationship and development trends of academic research in the field using descriptive analysis, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrence. There were four findings: First, intervention programs are classified into 10 types: psychological, social support, lifestyle, technological, family, medical care, educational, exercise, mindfulness, and meditation. Second, the volume of research on intervention programs increased every year. Third, China and South Korea had the highest research involvement. Finally, academic studies were split into either the human behavior or social science categories. Most of them defined the symptoms in terms of individual behavior and social relations, implying that smartphone addiction is not yet recognized as a disorder. Smartphone addiction has not yet been internationally recognized as a disorder, despite its impact on human physiology, psychology, and social behavior. Most related studies have been conducted in Asia, specifically in China and South Korea; Spain has the most outside Asia. Additionally, most of the research subjects were students, probably because of the convenience of sampling. As smartphones gain popularity among older adults, future studies could focus on smartphone addiction among individuals of varied ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Wu
- Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou 64002, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huei Chou
- Department of Digital Media Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou 64002, Yunlin, Taiwan
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Ben Othman R, Talbi E, Mizouri R, Ben Amor N, Gamoudi A, Lahmer I, Berriche O, Mahjoub F, Jamoussi H. Evaluation of anthropometric profile in obese children: risk factors & eating disorder. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2022.2103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- rym Ben Othman
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - emna Talbi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - ramla Mizouri
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - nadia Ben Amor
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - amel Gamoudi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - ines Lahmer
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - olfa Berriche
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - faten Mahjoub
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - henda Jamoussi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
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Tuan Soh TY, Nik Mohd Rosdy NMM, Mohd Yusof MYP, Azhar Hilmy SH, Md Sabri BA. Adoption of a Digital Patient Health Passport as Part of a Primary Healthcare Service Delivery: Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111814. [PMID: 36579540 PMCID: PMC9694834 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of digital personal health records is considered to be appropriate for present-time usage; it is expected to further enhance primary care's quality-of-service delivery. Despite numerous studies conducted on digital personal health records, efforts in a systematic evaluation of the topic have failed to establish the specific benefits gained by patients, health providers, and healthcare systems. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review regarding the impact of digital personal health records in relation to the delivery of primary care. The review methods included five methodological elements that were directed by the review protocol 2020 (PRISMA). Over a time period of 10 years (2011-2021), 2492 articles were retrieved from various established databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO-Medline, and Google Scholar, and based on reference mining. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used for quality appraisal. A thematic analysis was performed to develop the themes in this study. The thematic analysis performed on 13 articles resulted in seven main themes, which were empowering the patient, helping with communication, improving relationships, improving the quality of care, maintaining health records, sharing records, and saving time. We concluded the study by expanding the seven themes into 26 sub-themes, of which each served as answers to our main research question that prompted this systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Yuswana Tuan Soh
- Centre of Population Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Mohd Mazuan Nik Mohd Rosdy
- Centre of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostics & Medicine Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof
- Centre of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostics & Medicine Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syathirah Hanim Azhar Hilmy
- Centre of Population Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Budi Aslinie Md Sabri
- Centre of Population Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-61266586 or +60-1-23939692; Fax: +60-3-61266103
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Parents’ mHealth App for Promoting Healthy Eating Behaviors in Children: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Pilot Study. J Med Syst 2022; 46:70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10916-022-01860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yau KW, Tang TS, Görges M, Pinkney S, Kim AD, Kalia A, Amed S. Effectiveness of Mobile Apps in Promoting Healthy Behavior Changes and Preventing Obesity in Children: Systematic Review. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e34967. [PMID: 35343908 PMCID: PMC9002598 DOI: 10.2196/34967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile apps have been increasingly incorporated into healthy behavior promotion interventions targeting childhood obesity. However, their effectiveness remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to conduct a systematic review examining the effectiveness of mobile apps aimed at preventing childhood obesity by promoting health behavior changes in diet, physical activity, or sedentary behavior in children aged 8 to 12 years. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC were systematically searched for peer-reviewed primary studies from January 2008 to July 2021, which included children aged 8 to 12 years; involved mobile app use; and targeted at least one obesity-related factor, including diet, physical activity, or sedentary behavior. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were conducted by 2 authors. RESULTS Of the 13 studies identified, most used a quasi-experimental design (n=8, 62%). Significant improvements in physical activity (4/8, 50% studies), dietary outcomes (5/6, 83% studies), and BMI (2/6, 33% studies) were reported. All 6 multicomponent interventions and 57% (4/7) of standalone interventions reported significant outcomes in ≥1 behavioral change outcome measured (anthropometric, physical activity, dietary, and screen time outcomes). Gamification, behavioral monitoring, and goal setting were common features of the mobile apps used in these studies. CONCLUSIONS Apps for health behavior promotion interventions have the potential to increase the adoption of healthy behaviors among children; however, their effectiveness in improving anthropometric measures remains unclear. Further investigation of studies that use more rigorous study designs, as well as mobile apps as a standalone intervention, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana W Yau
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tricia S Tang
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthias Görges
- Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Susan Pinkney
- Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annie D Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Angela Kalia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shazhan Amed
- Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Enyioha C, Hall M, Voisin C, Jonas D. Effectiveness of Mobile Phone and Web-Based Interventions for Diabetes and Obesity Among African American and Hispanic Adults in the United States: Systematic Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e25890. [PMID: 35119368 PMCID: PMC8857702 DOI: 10.2196/25890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile health (mHealth) and web-based technological advances allow for new approaches to deliver behavioral interventions for chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. African American and Hispanic adults experience a disproportionate burden of major chronic diseases. Objective This paper reviews the evidence for mHealth and web-based interventions for diabetes and obesity in African American and Hispanic adults. Methods Literature searches of PubMed/Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, Scopus, and Library & Information Science Source were conducted for relevant English-language articles. Articles identified through searches were reviewed by 2 investigators and, if they met the inclusion criteria, were extracted and assessed for risk of bias. Findings were summarized in tabular and narrative format. The overall strength of the evidence was assessed as high, moderate, low, or insufficient on the basis of risk of bias, consistency of findings, directness, precision, and other limitations. Results Searches yielded 2358 electronic publications, 196 reports were found to be eligible for inclusion, and 7 studies met the eligibility criteria. All 7 included studies were randomized control trials. Five studies evaluated the effectiveness of an mHealth intervention for weight loss, including one that evaluated the effectiveness for diabetes and two studies focused on diabetes. Of all the studies that focused on weight loss, 3 reported significant differences in weight loss in participants in the intervention group compared with those in the usual care group. Although all studies on diabetes control showed greater improvement in glycemic control for the intervention group compared to that in the control group, only one study showed a significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusions This analysis indicates that there are few published studies that assessed mHealth interventions among minority populations and focused on weight or diabetes. Although the overall strength of evidence was low for diabetes control, it was moderate for weight loss, and our findings suggest that mHealth and web-based interventions may provide a promising approach for interventions among African American and Hispanic adults who have obesity or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chineme Enyioha
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Matthew Hall
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Christiane Voisin
- Cecil G Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Arthurs N, Tully L, O’Malley G, Browne S. Usability and Engagement Testing of mHealth Apps in Paediatric Obesity: A Narrative Review of Current Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031453. [PMID: 35162470 PMCID: PMC8834793 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mobile health (mHealth) platforms have become increasingly popular for delivering health interventions in recent years and particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Childhood obesity treatment is an area where mHealth interventions may be useful due to the multidisciplinary nature of interventions and the need for long-term care. Many mHealth apps targeting youth exist but the evidence base underpinning the methods for assessing technical usability, user engagement and user satisfaction of such apps with target end-users or among clinical populations is unclear, including for those aimed at paediatric overweight and obesity management. This review aims to examine the current literature and provide an overview of the scientific methods employed to test usability and engagement with mHealth apps in children and adolescents with obesity. A narrative literature review was undertaken following a systematic search. Four academic databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were studies describing the usability of mHealth interventions for childhood obesity treatment. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, fifty-nine articles were included for full-text review, and seven studies met the criteria for usability and engagement in a clinical paediatric population with obesity. Six apps were tested for usability and one for engagement in childhood obesity treatment. Sample sizes ranged from 6–1120 participants. The included studies reported several heterogenous measurement instruments, data collection approaches, and outcomes. Recommendations for future research include the standardization and validation of instruments to measure usability and engagement within mHealth studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Arthurs
- W82GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, D01 XD99 Dublin, Ireland;
- School Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Louise Tully
- School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Grace O’Malley
- W82GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, D01 XD99 Dublin, Ireland;
- School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Sarah Browne
- School Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
- School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
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Kustiawan TC, Nadhiroh SR, Ramli R, Butryee C. Use of mobile app to monitoring growth outcome of children: A systematic literature review. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221138641. [PMID: 36386243 PMCID: PMC9663617 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221138641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in knowledge and technology have created opportunities to help monitor child growth. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to determine if the use of mobile apps resulted in improved growth outcomes for children. We include articles published related to children's growth with poor nutritional status. The relevant articles were searched from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Twelve studies were identified, which is the use of the mobile app to monitor growth in undernutrition and obesity in children. Six studies found that the use of mobile apps improved undernutrition child growth and improved parents' and/or front health workers' knowledge to prevent, treat, and monitor children with undernutrition. Six studies stated that the use of mobile app helps overweight/obese children lose weight and motivate them to achieve ideal body weight. Mobile apps for monitoring the growth of children with various standards are likely a promising means for early detection of growth failure and guiding overweight/obese children in gaining normal weight. Studies with large sample sizes and long-term interventions and follow-ups are needed to help assess the effectiveness of mobile app intervention programs and their impact on multiple growth outcomes more comprehensively and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siti Rahayu Nadhiroh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Roziana Ramli
- Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Newton AS, March S, Gehring ND, Rowe AK, Radomski AD. Establishing a Working Definition of User Experience for eHealth Interventions of Self-reported User Experience Measures With eHealth Researchers and Adolescents: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25012. [PMID: 34860671 PMCID: PMC8686463 DOI: 10.2196/25012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Across eHealth intervention studies involving children, adolescents, and their parents, researchers have measured user experience to assist with intervention development, refinement, and evaluation. To date, no widely accepted definitions or measures of user experience exist to support a standardized approach for evaluation and comparison within or across interventions. OBJECTIVE We conduct a scoping review with subsequent Delphi consultation to identify how user experience is defined and measured in eHealth research studies, characterize the measurement tools used, and establish working definitions for domains of user experience that could be used in future eHealth evaluations. METHODS We systematically searched electronic databases for published and gray literature available from January 1, 2005, to April 11, 2019. We included studies assessing an eHealth intervention that targeted any health condition and was designed for use by children, adolescents, and their parents. eHealth interventions needed to be web-, computer-, or mobile-based, mediated by the internet with some degree of interactivity. We required studies to report the measurement of user experience as first-person experiences, involving cognitive and behavioral factors reported by intervention users. We appraised the quality of user experience measures in included studies using published criteria: well-established, approaching well-established, promising, or not yet established. We conducted a descriptive analysis of how user experience was defined and measured in each study. Review findings subsequently informed the survey questions used in the Delphi consultations with eHealth researchers and adolescent users for how user experience should be defined and measured. RESULTS Of the 8634 articles screened for eligibility, 129 articles and 1 erratum were included in the review. A total of 30 eHealth researchers and 27 adolescents participated in the Delphi consultations. On the basis of the literature and consultations, we proposed working definitions for 6 main user experience domains: acceptability, satisfaction, credibility, usability, user-reported adherence, and perceived impact. Although most studies incorporated a study-specific measure, we identified 10 well-established measures to quantify 5 of the 6 domains of user experience (all except for self-reported adherence). Our adolescent and researcher participants ranked perceived impact as one of the most important domains of user experience and usability as one of the least important domains. Rankings between adolescents and researchers diverged for other domains. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the various ways in which user experience has been defined and measured across studies and what aspects are most valued by researchers and adolescent users. We propose incorporating the working definitions and available measures of user experience to support consistent evaluation and reporting of outcomes across studies. Future studies can refine the definitions and measurement of user experience, explore how user experience relates to other eHealth outcomes, and inform the design and use of human-centered eHealth interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Newton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sonja March
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia
| | - Nicole D Gehring
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Arlen K Rowe
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia
| | - Ashley D Radomski
- Knowledge Institute for Child and Youth Mental Health and Addictions, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,CHEO (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario) Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Moorman EL, Koskela-Staples NC, Mathai BB, Fedele DA, Janicke DM. Pediatric Obesity Treatment via Telehealth: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:371-384. [PMID: 34302603 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Telehealth delivery of pediatric weight management interventions may address time, travel, and cost barriers to in-person interventions, thus improving accessibility. This narrative review highlights findings from the past 5 years of pediatric lifestyle interventions for weight management that utilize telehealth for treatment delivery. We describe impressions and future directions. RECENT FINDINGS We identified and included 20 studies that described unique interventions from the past 5 years. The majority of reviewed studies indicated statistically significant reductions in BMI z-scores, high retention and attendance, and high satisfaction. However, mean decreases in BMI z-scores were marginal (approximately 0.10) in all but two studies. Studies did not often report effect sizes. Pediatric telehealth weight management interventions demonstrate good feasibility and acceptability. Improvement in reporting results and more rigorous research, including use of randomized designs, recruitment of larger samples, and incorporation of extended follow-up is needed to determine clinical impact and magnitude of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Moorman
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Babetta B Mathai
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David A Fedele
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David M Janicke
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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14
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Langarizadeh M, Sadeghi M, As'habi A, Rahmati P, Sheikhtaheri A. Mobile apps for weight management in children and adolescents; An updated systematic review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:2181-2188. [PMID: 33573915 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Considering inconclusive data regarding the possible effects of mobile applications on anthropometric measures (e.g. body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference, fat mass) and physical activity (e.g. steps or METS) in paediatric subjects, the present systematic review was conducted to clarify this issue. METHODS Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid were searched, and also a hand search through Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and grey literature was done up to December 2020 to find all relevant studies. RESULTS Nine studies were included in this review (n = 978 participants). Five of the studies utilized a mobile app as an independent intervention. Using mobile applications resulted in a lower body mass index in two studies, while only one study reported a decrease in body weight. Besides, significant improvement in physical activity as evidenced by higher step count was reported by only one study. CONCLUSION Nevertheless, the findings from these primary studies, although slightly mixed, provide support for further research with the implementation of mobile apps as an additional approach for combating childhood obesity. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS We recommend to raise attention towards and interest in the mobile app for childhood obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Langarizadeh
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Sadeghi
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health Information Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Atefeh As'habi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Pakzad Rahmati
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Sheikhtaheri
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Stasinaki A, Büchter D, Shih CHI, Heldt K, Güsewell S, Brogle B, Farpour-Lambert N, Kowatsch T, l'Allemand D. Effects of a novel mobile health intervention compared to a multi-component behaviour changing program on body mass index, physical capacities and stress parameters in adolescents with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:308. [PMID: 34243738 PMCID: PMC8266630 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Less than 2% of overweight children and adolescents in Switzerland can participate in multi-component behaviour changing interventions (BCI), due to costs and lack of time. Stress often hinders positive health outcomes in youth with obesity. Digital health interventions, with fewer on-site visits, promise health care access in remote regions; however, evidence for their effectiveness is scarce. Methods This randomized controlled not blinded trial (1:1) was conducted in a childhood obesity center in Switzerland. Forty-one youth aged 10–18 years with body mass index (BMI) > P.90 with risk factors or co-morbidities or BMI > P.97 were recruited. During 5.5 months, the PathMate2 group (PM) received daily conversational agent counselling via mobile app, combined with standardized counselling (4 on-site visits). Controls (CON) participated in a BCI (7 on-site visits). We compared the outcomes of both groups after 5.5 (T1) and 12 (T2) months. Primary outcome was reduction in BMI-SDS (BMI standard deviation score: BMI adjusted for age and sex). Secondary outcomes were changes in body fat and muscle mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis), waist-to-height ratio, physical capacities (modified Dordel-Koch-Test), blood pressure and pulse. Additionally, we hypothesized that less stressed children would lose more weight. Thus, children performed biofeedback relaxation exercises while stress parameters (plasma cortisol, stress questionnaires) were evaluated. Results At intervention start median BMI-SDS of all patients (18 PM, 13 CON) was 2.61 (obesity > + 2SD). BMI-SDS decreased significantly in CON at T1, but not at T2, and did not decrease in PM during the study. Muscle mass, strength and agility improved significantly in both groups at T2; only PM reduced significantly their body fat at T1 and T2. Average daily PM app usage rate was 71.5%. Cortisol serum levels decreased significantly after biofeedback but with no association between stress parameters and BMI-SDS. No side effects were observed. Conclusions Equally to BCI, PathMate2 intervention resulted in significant and lasting improvements of physical capacities and body composition, but not in sustained BMI-SDS decrease. This youth-appealing mobile health intervention provides an interesting approach for youth with obesity who have limited access to health care. Biofeedback reduces acute stress and could be an innovative adjunct to usual care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02781-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stasinaki
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - D Büchter
- Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - C-H I Shih
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Heldt
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - S Güsewell
- Clinical Trials Unit, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - B Brogle
- Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - N Farpour-Lambert
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Child and Youth School Health Service, Department of Education and Youth, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Kowatsch
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Institute of Technology Management, University of St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D l'Allemand
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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16
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Leary M, Pursey KM, Verdejo-Garcia A, Burrows TL. Current Intervention Treatments for Food Addiction: A Systematic Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:80. [PMID: 34071059 PMCID: PMC8224570 DOI: 10.3390/bs11060080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the concept of food addiction (FA) has steadily grown and, based on a widely used self-report, FA is estimated to affect between 16-20% of the adult population. However, there are few interventions available for people with self-reported FA, and their efficacy is unclear. The primary aim of the review was to examine the efficacy of different interventions, including behavioural/lifestyle, medication and surgical approaches, for reducing symptoms and/or changing diagnosis of FA among adolescents and adults. A secondary aim was to examine the influence of sex as a moderator of intervention effects. A systematic search was performed from 2008-2020 to identify studies that used the YFAS to assess the effectiveness of interventions on FA. Nine studies were identified (n = 7 adults, n = 2 adolescents) including a total of 812 participants (range 22-256) with an average of 69% females per study. The types of interventions included medications (n = 3), lifestyle modification (n = 3), surgical (n = 2) and behavioural (n = 1), with FA being assessed as a secondary outcome in all studies. Five studies in adults reported a significant reduction in FA symptoms or diagnosis from pre to post-intervention, two when compared to a control group and three in the intervention group only. Efficacious interventions included: medication (combination of naltrexone and bupropion, as well as pexacerfont), bariatric surgery and lifestyle modification. No significant changes in FA were reported in adolescent studies. Given few studies were identified by the review, there is insufficient evidence to provide clear recommendations for practice; however, some interventions show potential for reducing self-reported FA outcomes in adults. Future research should explore the longer-term efficacy of interventions and the effectiveness of treatments with sufficient sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Leary
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kirrilly M Pursey
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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17
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Almoraie NM, Saqaan R, Alharthi R, Alamoudi A, Badh L, Shatwan IM. Snacking patterns throughout the life span: potential implications on health. Nutr Res 2021; 91:81-94. [PMID: 34144310 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eating outside the three main meals - in other words, snacking - is a part of the dietary pattern of individuals in all stages of life. The quality and pattern of snacking have an impact on health during the life span. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate various patterns and health outcomes of the snacking habits of different demographical groups, from children to the elderly, throughout their life span. We discuss the snacking pattern among children and adolescents, which is characterized by consuming high energy foods with low nutrient value, and which is associated with increased risk of obesity. During university years, study stress and lack of time were obstacles to a healthy dietary pattern involving nutritious snacks, although awareness of the importance of healthy snacks was higher in this group than among younger age groups. Employment status and skipping regular meals were important factors affecting snacking quality and patterns in adulthood. Unhealthy snacks, high in energy, sugar, and salt and low in nutrients, were demonstrated to have a negative impact on individuals' health, such as oral health, blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. In conclusion, encouraging individuals to consume healthy snacks that are high in nutrients through education to help them plan for their snacks is important to enhance health and reduce disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Almoraie
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rula Saqaan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Alharthi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alamoudi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Badh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa M Shatwan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Hightow-Weidman LB, Horvath KJ, Scott H, Hill-Rorie J, Bauermeister JA. Engaging youth in mHealth: what works and how can we be sure? Mhealth 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 33898592 PMCID: PMC8063019 DOI: 10.21037/mhealth-20-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth participating in mobile health (mHealth) intervention trials often engage with the technologies [e.g., applications (app) or mobile-optimized websites] only partially, often prematurely discontinuing use altogether. Limited engagement can impact the interventions effect on behavior change and compromise researchers' ability to test and estimate the true efficacy of their interventions. While mHealth interventions have been shown to be feasible and acceptable to youth, across diverse health conditions, strategies to increase engagement have been less well studied. Specifically, within HIV prevention and care mHealth interventions, there is not consensus as to which components represent the "key ingredients" to support maximal engagement of youth. Further, successful intervention evaluation requires the ability to systematically track users' engagement with intervention components (i.e., paradata) to evaluate its effects on behavior change. METHODS As part of the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network UNC/Emory Center for Innovative Technology (iTech) portfolio of HIV/AIDS Interventions, we present diverse strategies used across five mHealth protocols seeking to promote youth engagement, track and measure engagement through paradata, and incorporate these components into mHealth intervention evaluations. RESULTS We describe the importance of defining and measuring engagement using case studies from iTech to illustrate how different research teams select mHealth features to promote youth engagement over time, taking into account features embedded in the technology design, key mechanisms of change and trial outcomes (e.g., HIV testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake and adherence, HIV treatment adherence). Finally, we discuss how the research teams plan to evaluate engagement's role on their intervention's outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Based on this synthesis, we discuss strategies to enhance mHealth engagement during intervention development and design, ensure its monitoring and reporting throughout the trial, and evaluate its impact on trial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. Hightow-Weidman
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keith J. Horvath
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hyman Scott
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Public Health, Bridge HIV, San Francisco, CA, USA
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19
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Treatment of the sensory and motor components of urges to eat (eating addiction?): a mobile-health pilot study for obesity in young people. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1779-1787. [PMID: 31939105 PMCID: PMC7581598 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Compelling evidence indicates that an addictive process might contribute to overeating/obesity. We hypothesize that this process consists of two components: (a) a sensory addiction to the taste, texture, and temperature of food, and (b) a motor addiction to the actions of eating (e.g., biting, chewing, crunching, sucking, swallowing). Previously, we reported a mobile health application (mHealth app) obesity intervention addressing the sensory addiction component, based on staged food withdrawal. We propose that the motor addiction component can be treated using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based strategies for body-focused repetitive behaviors (BRFB), e.g., nail biting, skin picking, and hair pulling. METHODS The present study tested the effectiveness of CBT-based, BFRB therapies added to the staged withdrawal app. Thirty-five participants, ages 8-20, 51.4% females, mean zBMI 2.17, participated in a 4-month study using the app, followed by a 5-month extension without the app. Using staged withdrawal, participants withdrew from specific, self-identified, "problem" foods until cravings resolved; then from non-specific snacking; and lastly from excessive mealtime amounts. BFRB therapies utilized concurrently included: distractions, competing behaviors, triggers avoidance, relaxation methods, aversion techniques, and distress tolerance. RESULTS Latent growth curve analysis determined that mean body weight and zBMI decreased significantly more than in a previous study that used only staged withdrawal (p < 0.01). In the 5-month follow-up, participants maintained overall weight loss. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further preliminary evidence for the acceptability of an addiction model treatment of obesity in youth, and that the addition of CBT-based, BFRB therapies increased the effectiveness of staged food withdrawal. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, Evidence obtained from multiple time series analysis with the intervention.
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20
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Burrows T, Collins R, Rollo M, Leary M, Hides L, Davis C. The feasibility of a personality targeted intervention for addictive overeating: FoodFix. Appetite 2020; 156:104974. [PMID: 32991946 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent reviews have identified potential treatment targets for addictive overeating. These include: motivational interviewing, development of specific coping strategies for emotional regulation and the use of harm minimisation strategies based on interventions for substance use disorders. However, there is very little experiential evidence. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of a personality-targeted motivational interviewing intervention in adults above the healthy-weight range with symptoms of addictive eating, to reduce symptoms of addictive overeating and improve dietary profiles. Individuals with overweight and obesity (BMI >25 kg/m2) with addictive eating as defined by the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS) were recruited to a three-session intervention held over 3 months. Sessions were conducted by telehealth and facilitated by dietitians. Fifty-two individuals were randomised to either intervention or control (mean age 43.6 ± 12.2yrs, mean BMI 36.7 ± 6.8 kg/m2, 96% female). At three month follow up, there were significant reductions from baseline (BL) for both groups in total YFAS 2.0 symptoms, however, these changes were not significantly different between groups (intervention BL 8.0 ± 2.7; 3-months 6.5 ± 3.8, control BL 8.1 ± 2.5; 3-months 6.9 ± 3.9, p > 0.05). At 3 months the intervention group significantly reduced their energy from non-core foods compared with control (intervention BL 48% energy/day; 3-months 38%, control BL 41% energy/day; 3-months 38%, p < 0.01). The FoodFix intervention provides insight to the development of future management interventions for addictive eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Megan Rollo
- School of Health Sciences, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mark Leary
- School of Health Sciences, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, NSW, Australia.
| | - Caroline Davis
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, Canada.
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21
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Tully L, Burls A, Sorensen J, El-Moslemany R, O'Malley G. Mobile Health for Pediatric Weight Management: Systematic Scoping Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e16214. [PMID: 32490849 PMCID: PMC7301268 DOI: 10.2196/16214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and consequences of obesity among children and adolescents remain a leading global public health concern, and evidence-based, multidisciplinary lifestyle interventions are the cornerstone of treatment. Mobile electronic devices are widely used across socioeconomic categories and may provide a means of extending the reach and efficiency of health care interventions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to synthesize the evidence regarding mobile health (mHealth) for the treatment of childhood overweight and obesity to map the breadth and nature of the literature in this field and describe the characteristics of published studies. METHODS We conducted a systematic scoping review in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews, by searching nine academic databases in addition to gray literature for studies describing acceptability, usability, feasibility, effectiveness, adherence, or cost-effectiveness of interventions assessing mHealth for childhood obesity treatment. We also hand searched the reference lists of relevant articles. Studies aimed at the prevention of overweight or obesity were excluded, as were studies in which mHealth was not the primary mode of treatment delivery for at least one study arm or was not independently assessed. A random portion of all abstracts and full texts was double screened by a second reviewer to ensure consistency. Data were charted according to study characteristics, including design, participants, intervention content, behavior change theory (BCT) underpinning the study, mode of delivery, and outcomes measured. RESULTS We identified 42 eligible studies assessing acceptability (n=7), usability (n=2), feasibility or pilot studies (n=15), treatment effect (n=17), and fidelity (n=1). Change in BMI z-scores or percentiles was most commonly measured, among a variety of dietary, physical activity, psychological, and usability or acceptability measures. SMS, mobile apps, and wearable devices made up the majority of mobile interventions, and 69% (29/42) of the studies specified a BCT used. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric weight management using mHealth is an emerging field, with most work to date aimed at developing and piloting such interventions. Few large trials are published, and these are heterogeneous in nature and rarely reported according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for eHealth guidelines. There is an evidence gap in the cost-effectiveness analyses of such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Tully
- School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda Burls
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Health Services Research and Management, City University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Sorensen
- Healthcare Outcomes Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Riyad El-Moslemany
- Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace O'Malley
- School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- W82GO Child and Adolescent Weight Management Service, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Puigdomenech Puig E, Robles N, Saigí-Rubió F, Zamora A, Moharra M, Paluzie G, Balfegó M, Cuatrecasas Cambra G, Garcia-Lorda P, Carrion C. Assessment of the Efficacy, Safety, and Effectiveness of Weight Control and Obesity Management Mobile Health Interventions: Systematic Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e12612. [PMID: 31654566 PMCID: PMC6913727 DOI: 10.2196/12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of apps to tackle overweight and obesity by tracking physical and dietary patterns and providing recommendations and motivation strategies to achieve personalized goals has increased over recent years. However, evidence of the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of these apps is severely lacking. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify efficacy, safety, and effectiveness criteria used to assess weight control, overweight, and obesity management in mobile health (mHealth) interventions through a systematic review. METHODS PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, UK Trial Database, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library were surveyed up to May 2018. All types of clinical studies were considered. A total of 2 independent reviewers assessed quality using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria. Ratings were used to provide an overall score for each study (low, moderate, or high). Data were synthesized in evidence tables. RESULTS From 233 potentially relevant publications, only 28 studies were included. Of these, 13 (46%) were randomized control trials, 11 were single-arm studies (39%), 3 were nonrandomized controlled trials (11%), and 1 study was a cluster randomized trial (4%). The studies were classified as low (15), high (7), and moderate (6) quality according to SIGN criteria. All studies focused on efficacy, with only 1 trial mentioning safety and another 1 effectiveness. In 11 studies, the apps were used as stand-alone interventions, the others were multicomponent studies that included other tools for support such as sensors or websites. The main management tool included in the apps was feedback messaging (24), followed by goal-setting mechanisms (20) and self-monitoring (19). The majority of studies took weight or body mass index loss as the main outcome (22) followed by changes in physical activity (14) and diet (12). Regarding outputs, usability, adherence, and engagement (17) were the most reported, followed by satisfaction (7) and acceptability (4). CONCLUSIONS There is a remarkable heterogeneity among these studies and the majority have methodological limitations that leave considerable room for improvement. Further research is required to identify all relevant criteria for assessing the efficacy of mHealth interventions in the management of overweight and obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017056761; https://tinyurl.com/y2zhxtjx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Puigdomenech Puig
- Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas, Barcelona, Spain.,eHealth Lab, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Robles
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas, Barcelona, Spain.,eHealth Lab, Barcelona, Spain.,eHealth Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Saigí-Rubió
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Research Group on ICTs, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Zamora
- Corporació de Salut del Maresme i la Selva, Hospital de Blanes, Blanes, Spain.,Grup de Medicina Traslacional i Ciències de la Decisió, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Montse Moharra
- Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Paluzie
- Corporació de Salut del Maresme i la Selva, Hospital de Blanes, Blanes, Spain
| | - Mariona Balfegó
- Clínica Sagrada Família, CPEN SL Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Garcia-Lorda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Carrion
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas, Barcelona, Spain.,eHealth Lab, Barcelona, Spain.,eHealth Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Tripicchio GL, Kachurak A, Davey A, Bailey RL, Dabritz LJ, Fisher JO. Associations between Snacking and Weight Status among Adolescents 12-19 Years in the United States. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071486. [PMID: 31261906 PMCID: PMC6682988 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snacking is a significant contributor to energy intake among adolescents, but its association with weight status is unclear. To elucidate this association, data from 6545 adolescents (12-19 years) in the 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. The mean number of daily snack occasions, mean snack size, and mean snack energy density were examined by weight classification (body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentiles: normal weight (NW) <85th; overweight (OW) ≥85th to <95th; obese (OB) ≥95th). Models included all snacking parameters, mean meal size, demographic characteristics, survey cycle year, and dietary reporting accuracy. Adolescents with NW consumed fewer snacks daily (1.69 (0.02) snacks/day) and smaller snacks per occasion (262.32 (4.41) calories (kcal)/snack) compared to adolescents with OW (1.85 (0.05) snacks/day, p = 0.005; 305.41 (8.84) kcal/snack, p < 0.001), and OB (1.97 (0.05) snacks/day; 339.60 (10.12) kcal/snack, both p < 0.001). Adolescents with OW and OB also consumed more added sugar, saturated fat and sodium from snacks, but had lower mean energy density per snack compared to snacks consumed by NW adolescents. US adolescents with OW and OB consume more snacks daily and more calories at each snacking occasion compared to adolescents with NW. Future studies should examine the prospective associations between snacking and weight status and impact on overall diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L Tripicchio
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Alexandria Kachurak
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Adam Davey
- Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Regan L Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lauren J Dabritz
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jennifer O Fisher
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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24
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Chen JL, Guedes CM, Lung AE. Smartphone-based Healthy Weight Management Intervention for Chinese American Adolescents: Short-term Efficacy and Factors Associated With Decreased Weight. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:443-449. [PMID: 30409751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the short-term efficacy of a smartphone-based intervention for Chinese American adolescents who are overweight or obese and to explore factors associated with decreased body mass index (BMI). METHODS A randomized controlled study design was used. Intervention group received culturally appropriate and tailored educational program for weight management while control group received general health information. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, levels of physical and sedentary activity, diet, self-efficacy, and quality of life were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Linear mixed-effects models and regression models were used to analyze outcomes. RESULTS The study included 40 adolescent participants. Adolescents in the intervention reduced their BMI (z = -4.89, p < .001), BMI z score (z = -4.72, p < .001), sugary beverage (z = -.44, P = .001), and TV and computer time (z = -.51, p < .001) and increasing in self-efficacy in nutrition and physical activity significantly more than those in the control group. BMI reduction was significantly correlated with decreased fast food consumption and increased physical activity (F = 6.99, p = .007, r2 = .40). Being female and decreased sugary beverage consumption were related to decreased BMI z score (F = 8.38, p = .003, r2 = .511). CONCLUSIONS A culturally appropriate smartphone-based intervention has great potential to reduce obesity and improve adherence to a healthy lifestyle. Reducing sugary beverages and fast food intake and decreasing sedentary time are associated with decreased BMI among adolescents who are overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyu-Lin Chen
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Claudia Maria Guedes
- Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Audrey E Lung
- North East Medical Services, San Francisco, California
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25
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Vidmar AP, Salvy SJ, Pretlow R, Mittelman SD, Wee CP, Fink C, Steven Fox D, Raymond JK. An addiction-based mobile health weight loss intervention: protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 78:11-19. [PMID: 30654026 PMCID: PMC8078064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The notion of obesity as an addictive process is controversial. However, studies show that between 5.9 and 30.7% of adolescents with obesity report food or eating addiction. Few weight management interventions have tested techniques based on addiction medicine principles. METHODS This multi-center randomized control trial (RCT) is designed to test the effectiveness of a mobile health (mHealth) weight-loss intervention based on addiction principles, such as withdrawal and tolerance, in a sample of 180 adolescents (ages 14-18) recruited from four pediatric weight management clinics in Southern California. Akin to a Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) design evaluating multicomponent behavioral interventions, we will compare the combination of an app + phone coaching (App+Coach) to app alone (App) and in-clinic multi-disciplinary (Clinic) intervention arms. The primary outcome is mean change in zBMI and %BMIp95 over 18 months. We hypothesize that youth who receive App+Coach will have a greater reduction in body weight over the 18-month study period at a lower cost than standard of care models. Secondary outcomes include adherence to treatment regimen, intervention satisfaction, effect of the intervention on metabolic factors and activity level. We will also explore potential moderators of intervention effectiveness such as addictive eating habits, self-regulation and executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS New and creative approaches are needed to address pediatric obesity. If successful, this RCT may provide an innovative and cost-effective mHealth approach, based on addiction methods, for weight loss among adolescents with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina P Vidmar
- Diabetes & Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Sarah J Salvy
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Research Center for Health Equity Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Steven D Mittelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology at the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Choo Phei Wee
- CTSI Biostatics Core, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cassandra Fink
- Diabetes & Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - D Steven Fox
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Economics, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer K Raymond
- Diabetes & Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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26
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Vidmar AP, Pretlow R, Borzutzky C, Wee CP, Fox DS, Fink C, Mittelman SD. An addiction model-based mobile health weight loss intervention in adolescents with obesity. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12464. [PMID: 30117309 PMCID: PMC6338524 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical approaches to treating childhood obesity can be expensive and poorly reimbursed, and often produce suboptimal results. It has been theorized that overeating may have addictive qualities, and a sizable number of adolescents with obesity endorse addictive habits. Interestingly, few weight management interventions have tested techniques founded in addiction medicine principles. We therefore performed a pilot study of an addiction model based mHealth weight loss intervention in adolescents. METHODS Adolescents with obesity were recruited from an multidisciplinary weight management clinic (EMPOWER). Adolescents without significant obesity comorbidities, who exhibited signs of addictive eating, based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale, were enrolled in a pilot study of an interactive, addiction-based, weight loss smartphone app with coaching (http://clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02689154). The app was designed to help subjects omit problem foods, avoid snacking and reduce meal size. A contemporary cohort of adolescents who completed the EMPOWER program were evaluated. Feasibility of recruitment, adherence, retention rates, BMI change and cost of intervention were examined. RESULTS Eighteen participants were recruited to app intervention. App participants had higher retention (100% vs. 37%) and lower total cost per patient ($855.15 vs. $1428.00) than the EMPOWER clinic participants. App participants exhibited a significant decrease in zBMI and %BMIp95 over the 6 months (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001), which was comparable to the age-matched EMPOWER program completers (p = 0.31 and p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS An addiction medicine-based mHealth intervention targeted for adolescents was feasible to implement, resulted in high retention and adherence rates, and reduced zBMI and %BMIp95 in a more cost-effective manner than an in-clinic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Vidmar
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - C. Borzutzky
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult MedicineChildren's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - C. P. Wee
- CTSI Biostatics CoreSaban Research InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - D. S. Fox
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health EconomicsSchool of Pharmacy of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - C. Fink
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - S. D. Mittelman
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Present address:
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology at the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
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27
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Khan KM, Bielko SL, McCullagh MC. Efficacy of hearing conservation education programs for youth and young adults: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1286. [PMID: 30466413 PMCID: PMC6249850 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many youth and young adults experience high noise exposure compounded by lack of access to hearing health education. Although the need for hearing health education programs is evident, the efficacy of these programs for youth is unclear. We evaluated the literature for efficacy of various hearing conservation programs aimed at youth and young adults, and analyzed their strengths and limitations. METHODS Studies reporting results of hearing conservation or hearing loss prevention programs with youth or young adults, using randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental designs, experimental design, or qualitative research, and published in peer-reviewed journals in English between 2001 and 2018 were included. Studies were found through searches of selected literature databases (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, NIOSH Toxline, and Scopus). Identified publications were assessed for relevance, and data were extracted from the studies deemed relevant. RESULTS A total of 10 studies were included. Very little evidence of efficacy of hearing conservation educational programs was found in these studies. Several methodological limitations including lack of rigorous study designs, inadequate power, and application of inappropriate statistical analysis were noted. Some use of technology in programs (e.g., smartphone apps, mobile phone text messages, and computers) was observed, but conclusions as to the effectiveness of these tools were limited by the small number of studies and small sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS The number of studies of educational hearing conservation programs for youth and young adults was low. The efficacy of the program was not reported in most studies, and it is difficult to draw public health conclusions from these studies due to their multiple methodological limitations. While use of technology in hearing conservation educational programs offers promise, its effectiveness has not been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Khan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, 1025 E Seventh Street, Room 025E, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Sylvanna L. Bielko
- Department of Environmental Science, Public Health, and Sustainable Development, School of Applied and Natural Sciences, Taylor University, Upland, IN USA
| | - Marjorie C. McCullagh
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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28
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Filgueiras AR, Pires de Almeida VB, Koch Nogueira PC, Alvares Domene SM, Eduardo da Silva C, Sesso R, Sawaya AL. Exploring the consumption of ultra-processed foods and its association with food addiction in overweight children. Appetite 2018; 135:137-145. [PMID: 30439381 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the consumption of ultra-processed foods and its association with food addiction in overweight children. The prevalence of food addiction was investigated using the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children in overweight 9-11 year-old children (BMI/age ≥1 Z score) of both sexes from two schools (n = 139). Food intake was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire and the food items were classified into 4 categories: minimally processed, culinary ingredients, processed foods and ultra-processed foods (UPF), based on their degree of processing. Among the children, 95% showed at least one of the seven symptoms of food addiction and 24% presented with a diagnosis of food addiction. In analysis of covariance adjusted for age and sex, a tendency of higher consumption of added sugar (refined sugar, honey, corn syrup) and UPF was found among those diagnosed with food addiction. Multiple logistic regression adjusted for sugar, sodium and fat ingestion showed that consumption of cookies/biscuits (OR = 4.19, p = 0.015) and sausages (OR = 11.77, p = 0.029) were independently associated with food addiction. The identification of foods that may be associated with addictive behavior is very important for correctly treating and preventing childhood obesity, which continues to be one of the greatest health problems in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Sesso
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lydia Sawaya
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil
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29
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Wang QQ, Zhao J, Huo XR, Wu L, Yang LF, Li JY, Wang J. Effects of a home care mobile app on the outcomes of discharged patients with a stoma: A randomised controlled trial. J Clin Nurs 2018; 27:3592-3602. [PMID: 29775491 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of a home care mobile app on the outcomes of stoma patients who discharged from hospital. BACKGROUND Patients with a newly formed stoma experience many difficulties after surgery. Mobile application (app) has the potential to help patients self-manage their diseases and adjust to the changes in their lives and is a convenient way to ensure the continuity of care. However, there is a lack of studies about the effects of a mobile app on the transitional care for improving discharged stoma-related health outcomes. DESIGN A randomised controlled trial. METHODS A total of 203 patients with a permanent stoma in tertiary hospitals in China were randomly assigned into two groups. Patients in the control group (n = 103) received routine discharge care. Patients in the intervention group (n = 100) received home care via a mobile app besides routine care. The psychosocial adjustment level, self-efficacy scale and stoma complications incidence were measured in the follow-up period and compared between the two groups. Data were collected at four time points: before intervention (baseline), at 1, 3 and 6 months after discharge. RESULTS The psychosocial adjustment level and stoma self-efficacy score of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group, respectively, at 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-up (all p < 0.05). The incidence of stoma complications in the intervention group was tending to reduce at 1, 3 and 6 months after discharge. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that follow-up care at home via a mobile app can effectively improve the psychosocial adjustment level, self-efficacy scale and other related outcomes of stoma patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The home care mobile app is an effective intervention to support the psychosocial adjustment and self-efficacy of stoma patients after discharge. It ensures the continuity of care and provides nursing guidance for the patients timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Treatment Room, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ling Wu
- Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Fang Yang
- Ostomy Outpatient Clinic, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ju-Yun Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Oncology Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Moores CJ, Bell LK, Miller J, Damarell RA, Matwiejczyk L, Miller MD. A systematic review of community-based interventions for the treatment of adolescents with overweight and obesity. Obes Rev 2018; 19:698-715. [PMID: 29345042 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent obesity is a risk factor for obesity and other chronic disease in adulthood. Evidence for the effectiveness of community-based obesity treatment programs for adolescents is required to inform policy and clinical decisions. This systematic review aims to evaluate recent effective and scalable community-based weight management programs for adolescents (13-17 years) who are overweight or obese. Eight databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Informit, and Scopus) were searched for studies published between January 2011-2 March 2017 which are scalable in a community setting and reported primary outcome measures relating to weight. Following deduplication, 10,074 records were screened by title/abstract with 31 publications describing 21 programs included in this review. Programs were heterogeneous in nature (including length, number and frequency of sessions, parent-involvement and technology involvement). Reduction in adolescent BMIz ranged from 2 to 9% post-program and from 2 to 11% after varied lengths of follow-up. Study quality varied (n = 5 weak; n = 8 moderate; n = 8 high), and findings are limited by the risk of selection and retention bias in the included studies. Factors including the effectiveness and acceptability to the target population must be considered when selecting such community programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Moores
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - L K Bell
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Miller
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R A Damarell
- Gus Fraenkel Medical Library, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - L Matwiejczyk
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M D Miller
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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31
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McKenna RA, Rollo ME, Skinner JA, Burrows TL. Food Addiction Support: Website Content Analysis. JMIR Cardio 2018; 2:e10. [PMID: 31758778 PMCID: PMC6834215 DOI: 10.2196/cardio.8718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food addiction has a long history; however, there has been a substantial increase in published literature and public media focus in the past decade. Food addiction has previously demonstrated an overlap with overweight and obesity, a risk for cardiovascular disease. This increased focus has led to the establishment of numerous support options for addictive eating behaviors, yet evidence-based support options are lacking. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the availability and content of support options, accessible online, for food addiction. Methods A standardized Web search was conducted using 4 search engines to identify current support availability for food addiction. Through use of a comprehensive data extraction sheet, 2 reviewers independently extracted data related to the program or intervention characteristics, and support fidelity including fundamentals, support modality, social support offered, program or intervention origins, member numbers, and program or intervention evaluation. Results Of the 800 records retrieved, 13 (1.6%, 13/800) websites met the inclusion criteria. All 13 websites reported originating in the United States, and 1 website reported member numbers. The use of credentialed health professionals was reported by only 3 websites, and 5 websites charged a fee-for-service. The use of the 12 steps or traditions was evident in 11 websites, and 9 websites described the use of food plans. In total, 6 websites stated obligatory peer support, and 11 websites featured spirituality as a main theme of delivery. Moreover, 12 websites described phone meetings as the main program delivery modality, with 7 websites stating face-to-face delivery and 4 opting for online meetings. Newsletters (n=5), closed social media groups (n=5), and retreat programs (n=5) were the most popular forms of social support. Conclusions This is the first review to analyze online support options for food addiction. Very few online support options include health professionals, and a strengthening argument is forming for an increase in support options for food addiction. This review forms part of this argument by showing a lack of evidence-based options. By reviewing current support availability, it can provide a guide toward the future development of evidence-based support for food addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A McKenna
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Megan E Rollo
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Janelle A Skinner
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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32
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Darling KE, Sato AF. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Examining the Effectiveness of Mobile Health Technologies in Using Self-Monitoring for Pediatric Weight Management. Child Obes 2017; 13:347-355. [PMID: 28471699 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric obesity is a public health concern related to multiple negative physical and psychosocial problems. While behavioral weight control (BWC) interventions are generally effective in decreasing pediatric weight status, these interventions are not able to reach the third of U.S. children currently classified as overweight or obese. METHOD This review and meta-analysis examined the overall effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) technologies employing self-monitoring, a central component of change within BWC, to decrease pediatric weight status. RESULTS Overall, a small, but significant overall effect size (d = 0.42) was found with the inclusion of nine eligible studies examining the effect on weight status. However, the quality of studies included within this weight status meta-analysis was weak, therefore limiting the interpretability of results. Analyses were also conducted examining the effect of mHealth technologies employing self-monitoring on secondary behavioral outcomes of physical activity and diet. Results indicated a small to medium, but nonsignificant effect (d = 0.41; four samples) on physical activity and a small, but significant effect on diet (d = 0.10; eight samples). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the articles included in behavioral outcomes were of generally moderate quality. More work is needed to better identify the utility of mHealth and specific treatment components (such as self-monitoring), for pediatric weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy F Sato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University , Kent, OH
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Khan KM, Evans SS, Bielko SL, Rohlman DS. Efficacy of technology-based interventions to increase the use of hearing protections among adolescent farmworkers. Int J Audiol 2017; 57:124-134. [PMID: 28918682 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2017.1374568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent farmworkers are exposed to loud noise during farm activities. We present a prospective study that evaluated the efficacy of low-cost, technology-based intervention approaches in high schools to enhance the use of hearing protection among adolescent farmworkers. DESIGN Six high schools in Iowa that agreed to participate in the study were divided into three equal groups through cluster-randomisation with each group receiving one of the three formats of hearing protection intervention: (a) classroom training, (b) classroom training coupled with smartphone app training and (c) computer training. Participants completed baseline (pre-training) and six-week post-intervention surveys for assessing hearing protection knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. STUDY SAMPLE Seventy participants from six schools were initially enrolled but 50 completed both pre- and post-intervention surveys. RESULTS In most cases, all three groups showed significant improvement in hearing protection knowledge, attitude and frequency of use from pre- to post-intervention. However, changes between groups were statistically non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Although all three formats led to improvements on hearing protection knowledge, attitude and behaviour, the findings of the study, perhaps due to the small sample size, did not allow us to detect whether technology-based hearing protection interventions were more effective than the traditional face-to-face training for adolescent farmworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Khan
- a Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN , USA and
| | - Sydney S Evans
- a Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN , USA and
| | - Sylvanna L Bielko
- a Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN , USA and
| | - Diane S Rohlman
- b Occupational and Environmental Health , College of Public Health, The University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
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Wang Y, Xue H, Huang Y, Huang L, Zhang D. A Systematic Review of Application and Effectiveness of mHealth Interventions for Obesity and Diabetes Treatment and Self-Management. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:449-462. [PMID: 28507010 PMCID: PMC5421120 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of mobile and wireless technologies and wearable devices for improving health care processes and outcomes (mHealth) is promising for health promotion among patients with chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. This study comprehensively examined published mHealth intervention studies for obesity and diabetes treatment and management to assess their effectiveness and provide recommendations for future research. We systematically searched PubMed for mHealth-related studies on diabetes and obesity treatment and management published during 2000-2016. Relevant information was extracted and analyzed. Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria and varied in terms of sample size, ethnicity, gender, and age of the participating patients and length of follow-up. The mHealth interventions were categorized into 3 types: mobile phone text messaging, wearable or portable monitoring devices, and applications running on smartphones. Primary outcomes included weight loss (an average loss ranging from -1.97 kg in 16 wk to -7.1 kg in 5 wk) or maintenance and blood glucose reduction (an average decrease of glycated hemoglobin ranging from -0.4% in 10 mo to -1.9% in 12 mo); main secondary outcomes included behavior changes and patient perceptions such as self-efficacy and acceptability of the intervention programs. More than 50% of studies reported positive effects of interventions based on primary outcomes. The duration or length of intervention ranged from 1 wk to 24 mo. However, most studies included small samples and short intervention periods and did not use rigorous data collection or analytic approaches. Although some studies suggest that mHealth interventions are effective and promising, most are pilot studies or have limitations in their study designs. There is an essential need for future studies that use larger study samples, longer intervention (≥ 6 mo) and follow-up periods (≥ 6 mo), and integrative and personalized innovative mobile technologies to provide comprehensive and sustainable support for patients and health service providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfa Wang
- Systems-Oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Fisher Institute of Health and Well-being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN; .,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hong Xue
- Systems-Oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Fisher Institute of Health and Well-being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN;,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yaqi Huang
- Systems-Oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Fisher Institute of Health and Well-being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Dongsong Zhang
- Software School, North University of China, Shanxi, China; and .,Department of Information Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD
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Badawy SM, Kuhns LM. Texting and Mobile Phone App Interventions for Improving Adherence to Preventive Behavior in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017; 5:e50. [PMID: 28428157 PMCID: PMC5415660 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.6837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many preventable behaviors contribute to adolescent mortality and morbidity. Non-adherence to preventive measures represents a challenge and has been associated with worse health outcomes in this population. The widespread use of electronic communication technologies by adolescents, particularly the use of text messaging (short message service, SMS) and mobile phones, presents new opportunities to intervene on risk and preventive risk behavior, but little is known about their efficacy. Objective This study aimed to systematically evaluate evidence for the efficacy of text messaging and mobile phone app interventions to improve adherence to preventive behavior among adolescents and describe intervention approaches to inform intervention development. Methods This review covers literature published between 1995 and 2015. Searches included PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, CINAHL, INSPEC, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and additional databases. The search strategy sought articles on text messaging and mobile phone apps combined with adherence or compliance, and adolescents and youth. An additional hand search of related themes in the Journal of Medical Internet Research was also conducted. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, assessed full-text articles, and extracted data from articles that met inclusion criteria. Included studies reflect original research—experimental or preexperimental designs with text messaging or mobile phone app interventions—targeting adherence to preventive behavior among adolescents (12-24 years old). The preferred reporting items of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for reporting results, and findings were critically appraised against the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine criteria. Results Of 1454 records, 19 met inclusion criteria, including text messaging (n=15) and mobile phone apps (n=4). Studies targeted clinic attendance, contraceptive use, oral health, physical activity and weight management, sun protection, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, smoking cessation, and sexual health. Most studies were performed in the United States (47%, 9/19), included younger adolescents (63%, 12/19), and had sample size <100 (63%, 12/19). Although most studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 58%, 11/19), only 5 followed an intent-to-treat analysis. Only 6 of 19 studies (32%) incorporated a theoretical framework in their design. Most studies reported good feasibility with high acceptability and satisfaction. About half of the included studies (42%, 8/19) demonstrated significant improvement in preventive behavior with moderate standardized mean differences. As early efforts in this field to establish feasibility and initial efficacy, most studies were low to moderate in quality. Studies varied in sample size and methods of preventive behavior adherence or outcome assessment, which prohibited performing a meta-analysis. Conclusions Despite the promising feasibility and acceptability of text messaging and mobile phone apps in improving preventive behavior among adolescents, overall findings were modest in terms of efficacy. Further research evaluating the efficacy, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of these intervention approaches in promoting preventive behavior among adolescents is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M Badawy
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Zagazig University Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Lisa M Kuhns
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Pretlow RA, Corbee RJ. Similarities between obesity in pets and children: the addiction model. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:944-9. [PMID: 27469280 PMCID: PMC4983774 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516002774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity in pets is a frustrating, major health problem. Obesity in human children is similar. Prevailing theories accounting for the rising obesity rates - for example, poor nutrition and sedentary activity - are being challenged. Obesity interventions in both pets and children have produced modest short-term but poor long-term results. New strategies are needed. A novel theory posits that obesity in pets and children is due to 'treats' and excessive meal amounts given by the 'pet-parent' and child-parent to obtain affection from the pet/child, which enables 'eating addiction' in the pet/child and results in parental 'co-dependence'. Pet-parents and child-parents may even become hostage to the treats/food to avoid the ire of the pet/child. Eating addiction in the pet/child also may be brought about by emotional factors such as stress, independent of parental co-dependence. An applicable treatment for child obesity has been trialled using classic addiction withdrawal/abstinence techniques, as well as behavioural addiction methods, with significant results. Both the child and the parent progress through withdrawal from specific 'problem foods', next from snacking (non-specific foods) and finally from excessive portions at meals (gradual reductions). This approach should adapt well for pets and pet-parents. Pet obesity is more 'pure' than child obesity, in that contributing factors and treatment points are essentially under the control of the pet-parent. Pet obesity might thus serve as an ideal test bed for the treatment and prevention of child obesity, with focus primarily on parental behaviours. Sharing information between the fields of pet and child obesity would be mutually beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Pretlow
- eHealth International, 2800 Elliott Avenue #1430, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Ronald J. Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jensen CD, Duncombe KM, Lott MA, Hunsaker SL, Duraccio KM, Woolford SJ. An Evaluation of a Smartphone-Assisted Behavioral Weight Control Intervention for Adolescents: Pilot Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016; 4:e102. [PMID: 27554704 PMCID: PMC5013243 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.6034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of adolescent weight control treatments is modest, and effective treatments are costly and are not widely available. Smartphones may be an effective method for delivering critical components of behavioral weight control treatment including behavioral self-monitoring. Objective To examine the efficacy and acceptability of a smartphone assisted adolescent behavioral weight control intervention. Methods A total of 16 overweight or obese adolescents (mean age=14.29 years, standard deviation=1.12) received 12 weeks of combined treatment that consisted of weekly in-person group behavioral weight control treatment sessions plus smartphone self-monitoring and daily text messaging. Subsequently they received 12 weeks of electronic-only intervention, totaling 24 weeks of intervention. Results On average, participants attained modest but significant reductions in body mass index standard score (zBMI: 0.08 standard deviation units, t (13)=2.22, P=.04, d=0.63) over the in-person plus electronic-only intervention period but did not maintain treatment gains over the electronic-only intervention period. Participants self-monitored on approximately half of combined intervention days but less than 20% of electronic-only intervention days. Conclusions Smartphones likely hold promise as a component of adolescent weight control interventions but they may be less effective in helping adolescents maintain treatment gains after intensive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Jensen
- Brigham Young University, Department of Psychology, Provo, UT, United States.
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Mietchen J, Gale SD, Jensen CD. Parent-Reported Deficits in Executive Function and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Adolescent Behavioral Weight Loss Program Participants. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40817-016-0017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mancino S, Burokas A, Gutiérrez-Cuesta J, Gutiérrez-Martos M, Martín-García E, Pucci M, Falconi A, D'Addario C, Maccarrone M, Maldonado R. Epigenetic and Proteomic Expression Changes Promoted by Eating Addictive-Like Behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2788-800. [PMID: 25944409 PMCID: PMC4864655 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An increasing perspective conceptualizes obesity and overeating as disorders related to addictive-like processes that could share common neurobiological mechanisms. In the present study, we aimed at validating an animal model of eating addictive-like behavior in mice, based on the DSM-5 substance use disorder criteria, using operant conditioning maintained by highly palatable chocolate-flavored pellets. For this purpose, we evaluated persistence of food-seeking during a period of non-availability of food, motivation for food, and perseverance of responding when the reward was associated with a punishment. This model has allowed identifying extreme subpopulations of mice related to addictive-like behavior. We investigated in these subpopulations the epigenetic and proteomic changes. A significant decrease in DNA methylation of CNR1 gene promoter was revealed in the prefrontal cortex of addict-like mice, which was associated with an upregulation of CB1 protein expression in the same brain area. The pharmacological blockade (rimonabant 3 mg/kg; i.p.) of CB1 receptor during the late training period reduced the percentage of mice that accomplished addiction criteria, which is in agreement with the reduced performance of CB1 knockout mice in this operant training. Proteomic studies have identified proteins differentially expressed in mice vulnerable or not to addictive-like behavior in the hippocampus, striatum, and prefrontal cortex. These changes included proteins involved in impulsivity-like behavior, synaptic plasticity, and cannabinoid signaling modulation, such as alpha-synuclein, phosphatase 1-alpha, doublecortin-like kinase 2, and diacylglycerol kinase zeta, and were validated by immunoblotting. This model provides an excellent tool to investigate the neurobiological substrate underlying the vulnerability to develop eating addictive-like behavior.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Addictive/genetics
- Behavior, Addictive/metabolism
- Body Weight/genetics
- Brain/metabolism
- Conditioning, Operant/physiology
- Diacylglycerol Kinase/metabolism
- Doublecortin-Like Kinases
- Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology
- Epigenomics
- Feeding Behavior/physiology
- Hyperphagia/genetics
- Hyperphagia/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteomics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/deficiency
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Reinforcement, Psychology
- alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Mancino
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelijus Burokas
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gutiérrez-Cuesta
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Gutiérrez-Martos
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariangela Pucci
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Anastasia Falconi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, and European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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