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Norouzzadeh M, Hasan Rashedi M, Shahinfar H, Rahideh ST. Dose-dependent effect of tart cherry on blood pressure and selected inflammation biomarkers: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19987. [PMID: 37809623 PMCID: PMC10559679 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives As a nutritious food, Tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L) benefit cardiovascular health. This study aims to clarify the effectiveness of Tart cherry in controlling blood pressure, heart rate, and inflammatory biomarkers, the appropriate dosage for this effect, and suggest directions for future studies. Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched (up to May 2022), to identify eligible randomized controlled trials. It measured publication bias and was assessed for all outcomes. Evidence quality was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE (Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations). Results Regarding the 21 included trials, Tart cherry didn't affect blood pressure, heart rate, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 (P > 0.05). In contrast, with moderate certainty, it can reduce serum C-reactive protein (WMD: - 0.39 mg/l; 95% CI: - 0.74, - 0.05; P = 0.024) and with very low certainty can decrease tumor necrosis factor-alpha (WMD: - 0.14 pg/ml; 95% CI: - 0.27, - 0.02; P = 0.026). In addition, dose-response analysis implies that with each 30 ml elevation in dose, CRP reduces by 0.19 mg/l (95% CI: - 0.37, - 0.01). Conclusions Tart cherry can control inflammation by administering the proper dose. Even though tart cherry generally doesn't affect blood pressure and heart rate, further high-quality studies are needed to determine its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Norouzzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Hasan Rashedi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gil KA, Nowicka P, Wojdyło A, Serreli G, Deiana M, Tuberoso CIG. Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes of New Strawberry Tree Fruit/Apple Smoothies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040805. [PMID: 37107180 PMCID: PMC10135069 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, original smoothies obtained with strawberry tree fruit puree and apple juice enriched with Diospyros kaki fruits, Myrtus communis purple berry extract, Acca sellowiana, and Crocus sativus petal juice were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and inhibition of targeted digestive enzymes. Values of CUPRAC, FRAP, ORAC, DPPH•, and ABTS•+ assays generally increased with plant enrichment, particularly for A. sellowiana addition (ABTS•+ 2.51 ± 0.01 mmol Trolox/100 g fw). The same trend was observed regarding the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) tested in Caco-2 cell cultures. Inhibitory activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase was increased by D. kaki, M. communis, and A. sellowiana. Total polyphenols evaluated by UPLC-PDA analysis ranged between 535.75 ± 3.11 and 635.96 ± 5.21 mg/100 g fw, and A. sellowiana provided the higher amount. Flavan-3-ols accounted for more than 70% of phenolic compounds, and only smoothies enriched with C. sativus showed a high amount of anthocyanins (25.12 ± 0.18 mg/100 g fw). The outcome of this study indicates these original smoothies as a possible ally in counteracting oxidative stress, as established by their favourable antioxidant compound profile, thus suggesting an interesting future application as nutraceuticals.
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Amini MR, Payandeh N, Sheikhhossein F, Shahinfar H, Pourreza S, Hekmatdoost A. Effect of Tart Cherry Juice Consumption on Body Composition and Anthropometric Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:65-76. [PMID: 36793776 PMCID: PMC9900077 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present systematic review and meta-analysis were accomplished to understand the effects of tart cherry juice consumption on body composition and anthropometric measures. Five databases were searched using relevant keywords from inception to January 2022. All clinical trials investigating the effect of tart cherry juice consumption on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and percentage body fat (PBF) were included. Out of 441 citations, 6 trials that enrolled 126 subjects were included. Tart cherry juice consumption significantly did not reduce BW (weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.4 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.25 to 2.46; p = 0.789; GRADE = low), BMI (WMD, -0.07 kg/m2; 95% CI, -0.89 to 0.74; p = 0.857; GRADE = low), FM (WMD, 0.21 kg; 95% CI, -1.83 to 2.25; p = 0.837; GRADE = low), FFM (WMD, -0.12 kg; 95% CI, -2.47 to 2.27; p = 0.919; GRADE = low), WC (WMD, 1.69 cm; 95% CI, -1.88 to 5.27; p = 0.353; GRADE = low), and PBF (WMD, 0.18%; 95% CI, -1.81 to -2.17; p = 0.858; GRADE = low). Overall, these data suggest that tart cherry juice consumption has no significant effect on BW, BMI, FM, FFM, WC, and PBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Nastaran Payandeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Sanaz Pourreza
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
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Tenuta MC, Artoni E, Fava P, Bignami C, Licciardello F. Shelf Life Extension and Nutritional Quality Preservation of Sour Cherries through High Pressure Processing. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020342. [PMID: 36673434 PMCID: PMC9857671 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the effectiveness of high pressure processing (HPP) for the quality maintenance of pitted sour cherries, with special regard to microbial stabilization and the maintenance of color and of chemical-nutritional properties. The HPP treatment (600 MPa for 3 min at 4 °C) was effective at minimizing the initial microbial load, which remained at negligible levels throughout 5 months of refrigerated storage. The color and total phytochemical content of sour cherries were not influenced by the HPP treatment and were maintained at levels comparable with the fresh product for 3 months of refrigerated storage. For longer storage periods, the typical red color decreased, in agreement with the content of total anthocyanins, which showed a significant decrease (up to 65% after 5 months). The antioxidant activity, measured by the ABTS and DPPH assays, was not affected by the HPP treatment, but slightly reduced during refrigerated storage. The study suggests that HPP may be exploited to extend the shelf life, while maintaining the fresh-like features of sour cherries, thus offering an alternative option to current preservation techniques (based on freezing or heating) commonly applied to this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Tenuta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Artoni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Fava
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Improvement of Agri-Food Biological Resources (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cristina Bignami
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Improvement of Agri-Food Biological Resources (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabio Licciardello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Improvement of Agri-Food Biological Resources (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Effect of Apple Juice Enrichment with Selected Plant Materials: Focus on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010105. [PMID: 36613321 PMCID: PMC9818660 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a multi-analytical approach, this paper aimed to investigate the effect of apple juice enrichment with Arbutus unedo and Diospyros kaki fruits, Myrtus communis berry extract, Acca sellowiana, or Crocus sativus flower by-products on both bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity. Physico-chemical parameters, vitamin C, sugars, organic acids, total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and sensory attributes were evaluated. An LC-PDA/MS QTof analysis allowed for the identification of 80 different phenolic compounds. The highest polyphenol content (179.84 and 194.06 mg of GAE/100 g fw) and antioxidant activity (CUPRAC, 6.01 and 7.04 mmol of Fe2+/100 g fw) were observed in products with added A. sellowiana and D. kaki, respectively. Furthermore, the study showed a positive correlation between polymeric procyanidins and antioxidant activity (0.7646-0.8539). The addition of A. unedo fruits had a positively significant influence on the increment of vitamin C (23.68 ± 0.23 mg/100 g fw). The obtained products were attractive to consumers, especially those with 0.1% C. sativus flower juice, M. communis berry extract, and persimmon D. kaki fruits. The synergy among the different analytical techniques allowed us to obtain a complete set of information, demonstrating that the new apple smoothies were enriched in both different beneficial molecules for human health and in antioxidant activity.
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The beneficial effect of tart cherry on plasma levels of inflammatory mediators (not recovery after exercise): A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2022; 68:102842. [PMID: 35653966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation has been classified as one of the most important threats to health. Scientists suggested that tart cherry (TC) can reduce plasma levels of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize the effect of TC on circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) among adult participants in non-exercise randomized clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS AND MATERIALS The eligible English-language RCTs were found by searching databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and clinical Trials.gov up to May 2022, with no time limit. We used the mean change from baseline and its standard deviation for both intervention and comparison groups to calculate the effect size. The random-effects model proposed by DerSimonian and Laird was used to estimate the overall summary effect and the heterogeneity. We used PRISMA 2020 guidelines to report this study. RESULTS Ten RCTs were included in this study. The results demonstrated that TC had a significant decreasing effect on plasma CRP level compared with the comparison group (weighted mean differences (WMD) = -0.55 mg/L; 95% confidence interval (CI): - 1.03, - 0.06; p = 0.029), but had no significant effect on plasma IL-6 compared with comparison group (WMD = 0.08 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.17; p = 0.10). The effect of TC consumption on plasma TNF-α level was evaluated in only three studies that showed no significant effects (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our results confirmed a significant decreasing effect of TC on CRP. Regarding IL-6 and TNF-α, our study did not present any significant effect of TC.
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Tart Cherry Consumption in the Heart of Obese Rats. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050646. [PMID: 35625374 PMCID: PMC9138407 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, frequently related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Dietary antioxidant compounds improve heart health. Here, we estimate the oxidative grade and inflammation in the heart of dietary-induced obese (DIO) rats after exposure to a high-fat diet compared to a standard diet. The effects of tart cherry seed powder and seed powder plus tart cherries juice were explored. Morphological analysis and protein expressions were performed in the heart. The oxidative status was assessed by the measurement of protein oxidation and 4-hydroxynonenal in samples. Immunochemical and Western blot assays were performed to elucidate the involved inflammatory markers as proinflammatory cytokines and cellular adhesion molecules. In the obese rats, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was accompanied by an increase in oxidative state proteins and lipid peroxidation. However, the intake of tart cherries significantly changed these parameters. An anti-inflammatory effect was raised from tart cherry consumption, as shown by the downregulation of analyzed endothelial cell adhesion molecules and cytokines compared to controls. Tart cherry intake should be recommended as a dietary supplement to prevent or counteract heart injury in obese conditions.
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Eslami O, Khorramrouz F, Ghavami A, Hajebi Khaniki S, Shidfar F. Effect of cherry consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102409. [PMID: 35108661 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of tart and sweet cherries on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to acquire the RCTs up to December 2020. RESULTS Seven RCTs comprising 201 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed that cherry supplementation does not lead to a significant decrease in SBP or DBP. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating cherries into the diet has no significant effect on blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Eslami
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khorramrouz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Hajebi Khaniki
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sen A, Anakk S. Jekyll and Hyde: nuclear receptors ignite and extinguish hepatic oxidative milieu. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:790-802. [PMID: 34481730 PMCID: PMC8464172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-binding transcription factors that regulate gene networks and physiological responses. Often oxidative stress precedes the onset of liver diseases, and Nrf2 is a key regulator of antioxidant pathways. NRs crosstalk with Nrf2, since NR activation can influence the oxidative milieu by modulating reductive cellular processes. Diet and xenobiotics also regulate NR expression and activity, suggesting a feedback loop. Depending on the tissue context and cues, NRs either increase or decrease toxicity and oxidative damage. Many FDA-approved drugs target NRs, and one could potentially repurpose them to ameliorate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we discuss how several NRs modulate oxidative stress subsequent to diet, organic pollutants, and drug-induced injury to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushna Sen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Mohammadi K, Alizadeh Sani M, Nattagh‐Eshtivani E, Yaribash S, Rahmani J, Shokrollahi Yancheshmeh B, Julian McClements D. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of cornelian cherry consumption on blood lipid profiles. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4629-4638. [PMID: 34401109 PMCID: PMC8358377 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds are claimed to improve blood lipid profiles and to provide protective effects against cardiovascular disease. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that comprehensively investigated the effects of cornelian cherry supplementation on lipid profiles in rat models. Up to December 2020, 855 articles were screened, and finally, seven articles were selected as eligible for the meta-analysis. This meta-analysis revealed that cornelian cherry supplementation significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD = -6.38 mg/dl; 95% CI, -9.93 to-2.84; p < .001), triglyceride (TG) (WMD = -52.36 mg/dl; 95% CI, -80.50 to -24.22; p < .005), and cholesterol level (WMD = -37.16 mg/dl; 95% CI, -51.19 to -23.13; p < .005) in treated rats compared with control groups. A nonsignificant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was observed (WMD = 4.21 mg/dl; 95% CI, -3.25 to 11.66; p = .268). These results suggest that cherry supplementation may have health effects by modifying lipid profiles. However, there is a need for more well-controlled human clinical trials to make more definitive conclusions about the potential health benefits of cherry supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyhan Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh Sani
- Division of Food Safety and HygieneSchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Shakila Yaribash
- Faculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Student Research CommitteeDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and DieteticsFaculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Daskalova E, Delchev S, Vladimirova-Kitova L, Kitov S, Denev P. Black Chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa) Functional Beverages Increase HDL-Cholesterol Levels in Aging Rats. Foods 2021; 10:1641. [PMID: 34359511 PMCID: PMC8304029 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based foods rich in phenolic phytochemicals are among the promising strategies to counteract age-related changes in lipid profile. Aronia melanocarpa (AM) fruits are a rich source of phenolic compounds possessing lipid-modulating effects. The present study investigated the effect of 3-month supplementation of AM-based functional beverages on the lipid profile of healthy aging rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were separated into five groups: (YC) young controls (2-month-old); (AC) adult controls (13-month-old); (A) adult animals supplemented with pure AM extract; (A + P) adult animals supplemented with pectin-enriched (1%) AM extract; (A + H) adult animals supplemented with AM extract enriched with a herbal mixture. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic indices were investigated at the end of the study. Adult controls demonstrated age-related dyslipidemia resulting in decreased HDL-C, and increased TG and TC/HDL index. The supplemented groups showed a significant increase in HDL-C levels: A + P (1.49 mmol/L) and A + H (1.61 mmol/L), respectively, vs. AC (1.09 mmol/L), p < 0.05. The TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C indices were decreased in the A + P and A + H groups in comparison to the AC group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that supplementation with polyphenol-rich AM beverages can successfully alter HDL-C levels and this effect is further potentiated by pectin and herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Daskalova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Slavi Delchev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Lyudmila Vladimirova-Kitova
- I-st Department of Internal Diseases, Section of Cardiology, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. George University Hospital, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Spas Kitov
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. George University Hospital, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Petko Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Cocci P, Moruzzi M, Martinelli I, Maggi F, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Mosconi G, Tayebati SK, Damiano S, Lupidi G, Amantini C, Tomassoni D, Palermo FA. Tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) dietary supplement modulates visceral adipose tissue CB1 mRNA levels along with other adipogenesis-related genes in rat models of diet-induced obesity. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2695-2707. [PMID: 33386893 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing evidence for the involvement of dietary bioactive compounds in the cross-talk modulation of endocannabinoid system and some of the key regulators of transcriptional control for adipogenesis. METHODS We aimed to characterize the expression of cannabinoid CB1/CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) along with selected adipogenesis-related genes (PPARγ, SREBP-1c and PREF-1), adipocyte-secreted factors (leptin and adiponectin), mitochondrial bioenergetic modulators (PGC-1A and UCP-2), and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) and 2 (TRPV2) channels in visceral adipose tissue of rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) containing either tart cherry seeds alone or tart cherry seeds and juice for 17 weeks. The visceral adipose tissue was weighed and checked the expression of different markers by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Tart cherry supplements were able to downregulate the HFD-induced mRNA expression of CB1 receptor, SREBP-1c, PPARγ, leptin, TRPV1 and TRPV2 resulting in potential anti-adipogenic effects. CONCLUSION The present study points out that the intake of bioactive constituents of tart cherry may attenuate the effect of adipogenesis by acting directly on the adipose tissue and modulating the interplay between CB1, PPARγ and TRPV channel gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Michele Moruzzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Federica Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gilberto Mosconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Damiano
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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Johnson SA, Navaei N, Pourafshar S, Jaime SJ, Akhavan NS, Alvarez-Alvarado S, Proaño GV, Litwin NS, Clark EA, Foley EM, George KS, Elam ML, Payton ME, Arjmandi BH, Figueroa A. Effects of Montmorency Tart Cherry Juice Consumption on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. J Med Food 2020; 23:1238-1247. [PMID: 32429737 PMCID: PMC7757578 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater than one-third of adults in the United States have metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of risk factors highly associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Premature vascular dysfunction in MetS may lead to accelerated age-related atherogenesis and arterial stiffening, thereby increasing cardiovascular risk. Montmorency tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) are rich in bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins, known to exert cardiovascular protective effects. Previous research suggests that tart cherry juice consumption may improve cardiovascular health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of daily consumption of tart cherry juice on hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, and blood biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health in men and women with MetS. In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm pilot clinical trial, 19 men and women 20 to 60 years of age with MetS consumed 240 mL of tart cherry juice (Tart Cherry; n = 5 males, 4 females) or an isocaloric placebo-control drink (Control; n = 5 males, 5 females) twice daily for 12 weeks. Arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity), brachial and aortic blood pressures, wave reflection (augmentation index), and blood biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health were assessed at baseline and 6 and 12 weeks. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were significantly lower (P = .047 and P = .036, respectively) in Tart Cherry than Control at 12 weeks, but were not significantly lower than baseline values. There was a trend for total cholesterol to be lower (P = .08) in Tart Cherry than Control at 12 weeks. No significant changes were observed in hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, or other blood biomarkers assessed. These results suggest that daily tart cherry consumption may attenuate processes involved in accelerated atherogenesis without affecting hemodynamics or arterial stiffness parameters in this population. The pilot nature of this study warrants interpreting these findings with caution, and future clinical trials with a larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Negin Navaei
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Life University, Marietta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shirin Pourafshar
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Salvador J. Jaime
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Neda S. Akhavan
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Stacey Alvarez-Alvarado
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Gabriela V. Proaño
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole S. Litwin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Clark
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Foley
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Kelli S. George
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Marcus L. Elam
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Mark E. Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bahram H. Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Center for Advancing Exercise & Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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14
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Faienza MF, Corbo F, Carocci A, Catalano A, Clodoveo ML, Grano M, Wang DQH, D’Amato G, Muraglia M, Franchini C, Brunetti G, Portincasa P. Novel insights in health-promoting properties of sweet cherries. J Funct Foods 2020; 69:103945. [PMID: 34422115 PMCID: PMC8376227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is one of the most popular and appreciated temperate fruit not only for its sensory and nutritional properties, but also for its content in bioactive compounds. Consumption of sweet cherries brings beneficial effects on to health, which include prevention and modulatory effects in several chronic diseases such as (diabetes mellitus, cancer, cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases). The presence of natural polyphenolic compounds with high antioxidant potential might drive and partly explain such beneficial effects, but more translational and clinical studies should address this topic. Here, we review the health-promoting properties of cherries and their bioactive compounds against human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Paediatric Section, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Carocci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Paediatric Section, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
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15
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Effects of Prunus cerasus L. Seeds and Juice on Liver Steatosis in an Animal Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051308. [PMID: 32375317 PMCID: PMC7285149 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of adipose tissue increases the risk of several diseases. The fruits-intake, containing phytochemicals, is inversely correlated with their development. This study evaluated the effects of anthocyanin-rich tart cherries in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. DIO rats were exposed to a high-fat diet with the supplementation of tart cherry seeds powder (DS) and seed powder plus juice (DJS). After 17 weeks, the DIO rats showed an increase of body weight, glycaemia, insulin, and systolic blood pressure. In the DS and DJS groups, there was a decrease of systolic blood pressure, glycaemia, triglycerides, and thiobarbituric reactive substances in the serum. In the DJS rats, computed tomography revealed a decrease in the spleen-to-liver attenuation ratio. Indeed, sections of the DIO rats presented hepatic injury characterized by steatosis, which was lower in the supplemented groups. In the liver of the DIO compared with rats fed with a standard diet (CHOW), a down-regulation of the GRP94 protein expression and a reduction of LC3- II/LC3-I ratio were found, indicating endoplasmic reticulum stress and impaired autophagy flux. Interestingly, tart cherry supplementation enhanced both unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. This study suggests that tart cherry supplementation, although it did not reduce body weight in the DIO rats, prevented its related risk factors and liver steatosis.
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16
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Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) acts as a calorie restriction mimetic that increases intestinal fat and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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17
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An Anthocyanin-Rich Mixed-Berry Intervention May Improve Insulin Sensitivity in a Randomized Trial of Overweight and Obese Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122876. [PMID: 31775396 PMCID: PMC6950395 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports the beneficial effects of berries on glucoregulation, possibly related to flavonoid content, fiber content, or both. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of mixed berries to improve insulin sensitivity and to identify the potential role of flavonoids and fiber. In a randomized cross-over trial with four treatment periods, overweight/obese men and women were fed a controlled 45% fat diet for one week prior to a meal-based glucose tolerance test. The same base diet was provided during each feeding period with the addition of one of four treatments: whole mixed berries, sugar matched mixed berry juice, sugar matched gelatin, and sugar/fiber matched gelatin. Subjects then completed a meal-based oral glucose tolerance test. Serum glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids were not different between individual treatments. However, in a secondary analysis, the combined berry preparations resulted in a lower serum insulin area under the curve (difference of 0.15 ± 0.066 ln pmol min/mL, mean ± SE, p = 0.0228), compared to the combined gelatin treatments, while the difference for serum glucose did not quite meet statistical significance (difference of 0.17 ± 0.093 ln mg·min/dL, mean ± SE, p = 0.0738). These results suggest the potential for mixed berry preparations to improve post-prandial insulin response.
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Tu L, Sun H, Tang M, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Sun X, He S. Red raspberry extract (Rubus idaeus L shrub) intake ameliorates hyperlipidemia in HFD-induced mice through PPAR signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110796. [PMID: 31472226 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of red raspberry extract (RRE) intake on hyperlipidemia mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated in this study. After intragastric gavage of RRE for 8 weeks, the body weight and the adipose tissue mass of mice in RRE administration groups significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared to the group without RRE treatment. RRE treatment significantly (p < 0.05) lowered triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of hyperlipidemia mice. Pparα, Hmgcr, Ldlr, Cyp7a1, Acsl3, Pnpla2 and Pin4 were confirmed as the regulatory genes by transcriptome analysis and qRCR validation. According to KEGG pathway analysis, target genes such as Cyp7a1 and Pin4 were further regulated by the activation of PPARα resulting from RRE supplementation. Meanwhile, liver cholesterol synthesis and conversion were inhibited by the expressions of Hmgcr and Cyp7a1 genes regulated by RRE intake, and Ldlr gene was down-regulated to limit the transport of cholesterol. In addition, RRE treatment could accelerate the conversion from triglyceride to fatty acid. To conclusion, RRE intake would be a protection against diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Tu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Hanju Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning, Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd., Jieshou, 236500, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Mingming Tang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Zuoyong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Xianbao Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Shudong He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning, Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd., Jieshou, 236500, Anhui, PR China.
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19
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Sangsefidi ZS, Hosseinzadeh M, Ranjbar AM, Akhondi-Meybodi M, Fallahzadeh H, Mozaffari-Khosravi H. The effect of total anthocyanin-base standardized (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract on liver function, tumor necrosis factor α, malondealdehyde, and adiponectin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver: a study protocol for a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Nutr J 2019; 18:39. [PMID: 31324181 PMCID: PMC6642510 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. Evidence showed that anthocyanins might have effects on NAFLD. Protective effects of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) extract, as an anthocyanins-rich source, on liver were reported in animal studies. However, very few clinical trials were conducted in this regard. Thus, the aim of this research will be to evaluate the effect of supplementation with total anthocyanin-base standardized cornelian cherry fruit extract on liver function (Serum levels of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cytokeratin-18 fragment M30 (CK-18 M30), as well as steatosis and fibrosis of liver), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), malondealdehyde (MDA), and adiponectin in patients with NAFLD. Methods In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 80 NAFLD patients will be studied. The patients will be randomly assigned into two groups. The intervention group will receive the cornelian cherry extract, containing 320 mg.d− 1 anthocyanins, per day for 12 weeks. The control group will also take the placebo daily for 12 weeks. Liver function (Serum levels of AST, ALT and CK-18 M30; steatosis and fibrosis of liver), serum levels of TNF-α, MDA, and adiponectin will be measured at the baseline and the end of trial for both groups and their results will be compared. Discussion Considering evidences about the useful impacts of anthocyanins on NAFLD, the effects of supplementation with cornelian cherry extract will be investigated on the important variables related to NAFLD. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20180419039359N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Herbal Medicine Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Akhondi-Meybodi
- Gastroentrology Department, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Departments of biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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20
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Intake of fruit and leaves of sweet cherry beneficially affects lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation in Wistar rats fed with high fat-cholesterol diet. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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21
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Protective Effects of Micro-Emulsion of Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) Kernel Extract on Methimazole-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.58994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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22
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Gonçalves AC, Bento C, Silva B, Simões M, Silva LR. Nutrients, Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivity: The Health Benefits of Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium L.). CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401313666170925154707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sweet cherries are one of the most appreciated fruits worldwide as well as
one of the great sources of several active substances, as phytochemical compounds (carotenoids, serotonin,
melatonin and phenolic compounds) as well as in nutritive compounds (sugars and organic acids).
Accumulating research demonstrate that their supplementation in our daily diet can contradict oxidative
stress, mitigating or even attenuating chronic diseases, as cancerous processes, antiinflammatory-
related disorders, diabetes, and neurological and cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore,
the aims of this review are to present an overview on the effects of sweet cherries as health promotors,
giving emphasis to the health benefits of their bioactive compounds, particularly their antimicrobial,
antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-neurodegeneration, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects.
Methods:
Research and online content about sweet cherry fruits is reviewed. The information available
has been read several times to avoid inconsistencies. In addition, according what we read, original
figures were done and added to facilitate understanding and to enrich the paper.
Results:
In this review, a total of 202 original reports were used. In respect to health benefits, it is possible
to confirm by several studies that, in fact, the consumption of sweet cherries has positive impacts
in human health, owing to their wealthy and vast constitution, particularly in phenolic compounds,
vitamins and carotenoids whose health properties were already documented.
Conclusion:
The findings of this review support the evidence that sweet cherries can be applied in
pharmaceutical and food formulations, since they are able to diminish free radical species and proinflammatory
markers, preventing and/ or ameliorating oxidative-stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Catarina Bento
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Branca Silva
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
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23
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Blando F, Oomah BD. Sweet and sour cherries: Origin, distribution, nutritional composition and health benefits. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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24
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Chai SC, Davis K, Zhang Z, Zha L, Kirschner KF. Effects of Tart Cherry Juice on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020228. [PMID: 30678193 PMCID: PMC6413159 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are important factors in the development of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. The findings of our previous study suggest that 12 weeks consumption of tart cherry juice lowers the levels of systolic blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in older adults. The present study investigated the effects of tart cherry juice on blood biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. In this randomized-controlled clinical trial, a total of 37 men and women between the ages of 65–80 were randomly assigned to consume 480 mL of tart cherry juice or control drink daily for 12 weeks. Several blood biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks intervention. After the 12 weeks intervention, tart cherry juice significantly increased the plasma levels of DNA repair activity of 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (p < 0.0001) and lowered (p = 0.03) the mean c-reactive protein (CRP) level compared to the control group. There was a significant group effect observed for plasma CRP (p = 0.03) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.03), and a borderline significant group effect observed for plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) (p = 0.07). Within group analysis showed that the plasma levels of CRP, MDA, and OxLDL decreased numerically by 25%, 3%, and 11%, respectively after 12 weeks of tart cherry juice consumption compared with corresponding baseline values. The present study suggests that the ability of tart cherry juice to reduce systolic BP and LDL cholesterol, in part, may be due to its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Larger and longer follow-up studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau C Chai
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Kristina Davis
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Zugui Zhang
- Value Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19718, USA.
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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25
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Nowicka P, Wojdyło A, Laskowski P. Principal component analysis (PCA) of physicochemical compounds’ content in different cultivars of peach fruits, including qualification and quantification of sugars and organic acids by HPLC. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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26
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Francini-Pesenti F, Spinella P, Calò LA. Potential role of phytochemicals in metabolic syndrome prevention and therapy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1987-2002. [PMID: 31632110 PMCID: PMC6778731 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s214550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of cardiovascular risk factors which severely increases the risk of type II diabetes, renal disease and cardiovascular disease. Over the last decades, the role of dietary bioactive substances in features of MetS has been extensively investigated. Due to their multiple properties, these plant-derived natural compounds have demonstrated to provide positive effects in obesity, diabetes, renal and in cardiovascular disease. Catechins of green tea and caffeine reduce body mass index and waist circumference. Catechins, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins of cocoa reduce blood pressure and blood glucose. Curcumin and silymarin exert hepatoprotective effects. Monacolins of red yeast rice are effective cholesterol-lowering agents. However, inconsistent or conflicting results have been found in clinical trials when other promising compounds in vitro or in animal studies, such as policosanol, curcumin or silymarin, were used. Low oral bioavailability of substances, ineffective dosages, inadequate treatment duration and insufficient statistical approach may explain the lack of effectiveness observed in some human studies. Further clinical studies are needed to better understand the role of bioactive compounds in the prevention and management of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Spinella
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nutrition Unit, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: Lorenzo A CalòDepartment of Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova35128, ItalyTel +39 049 821 3071Fax +39 049 821 7921Email
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27
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Naseri R, Farzaei F, Haratipour P, Nabavi SF, Habtemariam S, Farzaei MH, Khodarahmi R, Tewari D, Momtaz S. Anthocyanins in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Review. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1310. [PMID: 30564116 PMCID: PMC6288909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "metabolic syndrome" (MetS) refers to a combination of diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity. The origin of MetS includes a combination of multiple factors, such as sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet choice, and genetic factors. MetS is highly prevalent and adversely affects the general population by elevating risk of cardiovascular complications, organ failure, and much other pathology associated with late-stage diabetes. Anthocyanins (ANTs) are health-promoting bioactive compounds belonging to the flavonoids subclass of polyphenols. Numerous studies have reported the potential therapeutic benefits on MetS syndrome and diabetes from fruits rich in ANTs. This review summarizes the role of several dietary ANTs on preventing and managing MetS as well as the pharmacological mechanisms and biopharmaceutical features of their action. We also discuss potential nanoformulation and encapsulation approaches that may enhance the bioefficacy of ANTs in MetS. Experiments have demonstrated that ANTs may attenuate the symptoms of MetS via improving insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidaemia, cholesterol levels, hypertension, blood glucose, protecting β cells, and preventing free radical production. In brief, the intake of ANT-rich supplements should be considered due to their plausible ability for prevention and management of MetS. Additionally, randomized double-blind clinical trials are obligatory for evaluating the bioefficacy and pharmacological mechanisms of ANTs and their pharmaceutical formulations in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Naseri
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pouya Haratipour
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Phyto Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Medway School of Science, University of Greenwich, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Antioxidant Status, Antidiabetic Properties and Effects on Caco-2 Cells of Colored and Non-Colored Enriched Extracts of Sweet Cherry Fruits. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111688. [PMID: 30400658 PMCID: PMC6266284 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare three different extracts of Saco sweet cherry, namely the non-colored fraction, colored fraction, and total extract concerning phenolic composition, antioxidant and antidiabetic potential, and erythrocytes’ protection and effects on Caco-2 cells. Twenty-two phenolic compounds were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. Hydroxycinnamic acids were the most predominant in both the non-colored fraction and total extract, while cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside was the main anthocyanin found in the colored fraction. The total extract was the most effective against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, and superoxide radicals, and in the inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme. The colored fraction revealed the best activity against hemoglobin oxidation and hemolysis. Regarding to Caco-2 cells, the colored extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic effects, while the total extract was the most efficient in protecting these cells against oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
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Smith BJ, Crockett EK, Chongwatpol P, Graef JL, Clarke SL, Rendina-Ruedy E, Lucas EA. Montmorency tart cherry protects against age-related bone loss in female C57BL/6 mice and demonstrates some anabolic effects. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:3035-3046. [PMID: 30377814 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related bone loss is a consequence of endocrine and immune changes that disrupt bone remodeling. Functional foods (e.g., tart cherries) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic activity can potentially counter this age-related phenomenon. The aim of this study was to determine if Montmorency tart cherry protects against early age-related bone loss and the culpable alterations in bone metabolism. METHODS Female, 5-month-old, C57BL/6 mice were assigned to baseline or treatment groups: AIN-93M diet supplemented with 0, 1, 5, or 10% tart cherry for 90 days. Bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture were assessed. Treatment effects on bone metabolism and regulators of bone formation, resorption and mineralization were determined. RESULTS Mice consuming the 5% and 10% doses had higher vertebral and tibial BMD (p < 0.05) compared to controls. The age-related decrease in trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) of the distal femur was prevented with these doses. Vertebral trabecular BV/TV and cortical bone thickness of the femur mid-diaphysis were greater (p < 0.05) in the groups receiving the 5% and 10% cherry than the control diet. Notably, these improvements were significantly greater than the baseline controls, consistent with an anabolic response. Although no differences in systemic biomarkers of bone formation or resorption were detected at 90 days, local increases in Phex and decreases in Ppar-γ suggest a bone environment that supports increased mineralization. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that cherry supplementation (5% and 10%) improves BMD and some indices of trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture; these effects are likely attributed to increased bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Smith
- HS 420, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - Erica K Crockett
- HS 420, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Pitipa Chongwatpol
- HS 420, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Jennifer L Graef
- HS 420, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Stephen L Clarke
- HS 420, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- HS 420, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- HS 420, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Jayarathne S, Stull AJ, Miranda A, Scoggin S, Claycombe-Larson K, Kim JH, Moustaid-Moussa N. Tart Cherry Reduces Inflammation in Adipose Tissue of Zucker Fatty Rats and Cultured 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1576. [PMID: 30366378 PMCID: PMC6266132 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases adipose tissue inflammation and secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines, which have systemic effects on the organism's health status. Our objective was to dissect mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects of tart cherry (TC) in adipose tissue of Zucker fatty rats, and cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rats were fed either a control diet, or 4% TC powder diets for eight weeks. Body and epididymal fat pad weights were not significantly different between control and TC groups. However, rats fed the TC diet had significantly reduced adipose tissue inflammation (p < 0.05), as determined by reduced mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and CD-11b, and increased mRNA levels of type-1 arginase (Arg-1) anti-inflammatory marker. Consistent with these in vivo results, TC significantly decreased expression of IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated adipocytes compared to those stimulated with LPS, but no TC. Moreover, both in vivo (rat adipose tissue) and in vitro (3T3-L1 adipocytes), phosphorylation of p65-NF-κB subunit was significantly reduced by TC. Additionally, TC decreased mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), and increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), master regulator of lipid oxidation, and anti-oxidant markers nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor (NRFs) in both models. In conclusion, our findings indicate that TC downregulates inflammation in part via the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in adipose tissue. Thus, TC may serve as a potential intervention to reduce obesity-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasika Jayarathne
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - April J Stull
- Department of Human Ecology, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA.
| | - Alexandra Miranda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | | | - Jung Han Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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Chai SC, Davis K, Wright RS, Kuczmarski MF, Zhang Z. Impact of tart cherry juice on systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2018; 9:3185-3194. [PMID: 29862410 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00468d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension and dyslipidemia are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Common treatments for high blood pressure (BP) and dyslipidemia include medications, but there is question as to whether natural sources may be adequate to reduce CVD risk factors. We examined the effects of tart cherry juice on lipid profiles, BP, glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in older adults. In this randomized-controlled clinical trial, 17 men and 20 women between the ages of 65-80 years were randomly assigned to consume 480 ml of tart cherry juice or control drink daily for 12 weeks. Control beverages were matched for energy and sugar content. Outcome variables were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of tart cherry juice or control drink. Systolic BP and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) exhibited treatment × time interaction effects. At the end of the study, participants in the tart cherry group had lower levels of LDL cholesterol (difference of -20.6 with P = 0.001) and total cholesterol (difference of -19.11 with P = 0.01), and higher levels of glucose (difference of 7.94 with P = 0.001), triglycerides (difference of 6.66 with P = 0.01) and BMI (difference of 1.06 with P = 0.02) than in the control group. Neither tart cherry juice nor control significantly altered body weight, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diastolic BP, insulin and HOMA-IR. Our findings show that tart cherry juice can lower the levels of systolic BP and LDL cholesterol. However, larger and longer follow-up studies are needed to further assess cardio-protective effects of tart cherry juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau C Chai
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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The effects of Montmorency tart cherry juice supplementation and FATMAX exercise on fat oxidation rates and cardio-metabolic markers in healthy humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2523-2539. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Lachowicz S, Oszmiański J. The influence of addition of cranberrybush juice to pear juice on chemical composition and antioxidant properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:3399-3407. [PMID: 30150798 PMCID: PMC6098759 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify whether interactions between bioactive compounds play an important role in the creation of functional fruit juices. Assessment of organoleptic parameters, colour, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), antioxidant activity, polyphenols and vitamin C content and the interaction factor was performed. The juices were analysed before and after 5 months of storage at 25 °C. The effect of different dose mixtures on the quality of pear and cranberrybush juice was observed. The degree of consumer acceptance of the mixture of juices and the ratio TSS/TTA, which influence the preferences of consumers, were higher in the case of products PC1 and PC2. The analysed products differed significantly in the content of bioactive compounds, the highest content of phenolic compounds being observed for PC5. Taking into account the analysis of the interaction between juices, the most active was the PC2 juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Lachowicz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, 37, Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, 37, Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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Solverson PM, Rumpler WV, Leger JL, Redan BW, Ferruzzi MG, Baer DJ, Castonguay TW, Novotny JA. Blackberry Feeding Increases Fat Oxidation and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight and Obese Males. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081048. [PMID: 30096878 PMCID: PMC6115824 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Berries and other anthocyanin-rich treatments have prevented weight gain and adiposity in rodent models of diet-induced obesity. Their efficacy may be explained by modulation of energy substrate utilization. However, this effect has never been translated to humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of berry intake on energy substrate use and glucoregulation in volunteers consuming a high-fat diet. Twenty-seven overweight or obese men were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study with two treatment periods. Subjects were fed an investigator controlled, high-fat (40% of energy from fat) diet which contained either 600 g/day blackberries (BB, 1500 mg/day flavonoids) or a calorie and carbohydrate matched amount of gelatin (GEL, flavonoid-free control) for seven days prior to a meal-based glucose tolerance test (MTT) in combination with a 24 h stay in a room-sized indirect calorimeter. The washout period that separated the treatment periods was also seven days. The BB treatment resulted in a significant reduction in average 24 h respiratory quotient (RQ) (0.810 vs. 0.817, BB vs. GEL, p = 0.040), indicating increased fat oxidation. RQ during the MTT was significantly lower with the BB treatment (0.84) compared to GEL control (0.85), p = 0.004. A 4 h time isolation during dinner showed similar treatment effects, where RQ was reduced and fat oxidation increased with BB (0.818 vs. 0.836, 28 vs. 25 g, respectively; BB vs. GEL treatments). The glucose AUC was not different between the BB and GEL treatments during the MTT (3488 vs. 4070 mg·min/dL, respectively, p = 0.12). However, the insulin AUC was significantly lower with the BB compared to the GEL control (6485 vs. 8245 µU·min/mL, p = 0.0002), and HOMA-IR improved with BB (p = 0.0318). Blackberry consumption may promote increased fat oxidation and improved insulin sensitivity in overweight or obese males fed a high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Solverson
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
- Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - William V Rumpler
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Jayme L Leger
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Benjamin W Redan
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - David J Baer
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Thomas W Castonguay
- Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Janet A Novotny
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Van der Werf R, Walter C, Bietiger W, Seyfritz E, Mura C, Peronet C, Legrandois J, Werner D, Ennahar S, Digel F, Maillard-Pedracini E, Pinget M, Jeandidier N, Marchioni E, Sigrist S, Dal S. Beneficial effects of cherry consumption as a dietary intervention for metabolic, hepatic and vascular complications in type 2 diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:104. [PMID: 30029691 PMCID: PMC6054718 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis and its complications. New therapies target natural antioxidants as an alternative and/or supplemental strategy to prevent and control them. Our previous chemical and biological studies highlighted the important antioxidant activities of cherries, among other fruits and vegetables, thus we aimed to determine in vivo effects of 2-month long cherry consumption using a high-fat/high-fructose (HFHF) model of diabetic-rats (Lozano et al. in Nutr Metab 13:15, 2016). Methods After 2 months of HFHF, male Wistar rats were divided into: HFHF and HFHF enriched in cherry (nutritional approach) or standard diet ND (lifestyle measures) and ND plus cherry during 2 months. Metabolic, lipidic, oxidative parameters were quantified. Tissues (liver, pancreas and vessels) OS were assessed and hepatic (steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation) and vascular (endothelial dysfunction) complications were characterized. Results T2D was induced after 2 months of HFHF diet, characterized by systemic hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, hyperleptinemia, and oxidative stress associated with endothelial dysfunction and hepatic complications. Cherry consumption for 2 months, in addition to lifestyle measures, in T2D-rats decreased and normalized the systemic disturbances, including oxidative stress complications. Moreover, in the vessel, cherry consumption decreased oxidative stress and increased endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase levels, thus increasing NO bioavailability, ensuring vascular homeostasis. In the liver, cherry consumption decreased oxidative stress by inhibiting NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox expression, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) degradation and the formation of reactive oxygen species. It inhibited the activation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (1c and 2) and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein, and thus decreased steatosis as observed in T2D rats. This led to the improvement of metabolic profiles, together with endothelial and hepatic function improvements. Conclusion Cherry consumption normalized vascular function and controlled hepatic complications, thus reduced the risk of diabetic metabolic disorders. These results demonstrate that a nutritional intervention with a focus on OS could prevent and/or delay the onset of vascular and hepatic complications related to T2D. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0744-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remmelt Van der Werf
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Walter
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - William Bietiger
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elodie Seyfritz
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carole Mura
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claude Peronet
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Said Ennahar
- IPHC-LC4, UMR 7178, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules BioActives, Illkirch, France
| | - Fabien Digel
- Interprofession des Fruits et Légumes d'Alsace (IFLA), Sainte Croix en Plaine, France
| | - Elisa Maillard-Pedracini
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Jeandidier
- Structure d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Marchioni
- IPHC-LC4, UMR 7178, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules BioActives, Illkirch, France
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Stéphanie Dal
- DIATHEC EA 7294, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Boulevard René Leriche, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Noratto GD, Lage NN, Chew BP, Mertens-Talcott SU, Talcott ST, Pedrosa ML. Non-anthocyanin phenolics in cherry (Prunus avium L.) modulate IL-6, liver lipids and expression of PPARδ and LXRs in obese diabetic (db/db) mice. Food Chem 2018; 266:405-414. [PMID: 30381205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin-rich cherries are known for preventing/decreasing risk factors associated with obesity; however, the specific benefits exerted by cherry non-anthocyanin phenolics are not clear. Obese diabetic (db/db) mice fed a diet supplemented with anthocyanin-depleted cherry powder (cherry) were compared to db/db (obese) or lean counterparts (lean) fed a control isocaloric diet for 12 weeks. The reduced plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and improved liver health may be mediated by cherry fibre and non-anthocyanin phenolics. Benefits for liver health included reduction of lipids and protein carbonyls, and modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ mRNA to resemble levels in lean. Lack of plasma antilipidemic, improvement of antioxidant defenses, and PPARα/γ mRNA modulation in liver suggest cherry anthocyanins specific benefits. This is the first study to elucidate in vivo the potential benefits of cherry non-anthocyanin phenolics for diabetes-induced liver disorders and the importance of choosing processing technologies that preserve anthocyanins and health benefits of whole cherries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana D Noratto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
| | - Nara N Lage
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Boon P Chew
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Stephen T Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Maria L Pedrosa
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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de Sousa AR, de Castro Moreira ME, Toledo RCL, Dos Anjos Benjamin L, Queiroz VAV, Veloso MP, de Souza Reis K, Martino HSD. Extruded sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) reduces metabolic risk of hepatic steatosis in obese rats consuming a high fat diet. Food Res Int 2018; 112:48-55. [PMID: 30131158 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of extruded sorghum flour (ESF) in a high fat diet (HFD) on biometric measurements and hepatic lipogenesis. Male Wistar rats were fed a normal diet (AIN-93M), HFD, HFD plus ESF replacing 50% cellulose and 100% corn starch (HFDS50), or HFD plus ESF replacing 100% cellulose and 100% corn starch (HFDS100) for eight weeks. ESF reduced the body mass index and liver weight of obese rats. Additionally, ESF reduced hepatic lipogenesis by increasing adiponectin 2 receptor gene expression and gene and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), while reducing the gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1. Molecular docking analysis revealed the affinity of ESF compounds (luteolinidin, apigeninidin, 5-methoxy-luteolinidin, and 7-methoxy-apigeninidin) with the PPAR-α receptor. Histological analysis confirmed the decreased grade of hepatic steatosis in obese rats. These data indicate the potential of ESF to reduce metabolic risk of hepatic steatosis associated with lipogenesis and obesity.
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Kirakosyan A, Gutierrez E, Ramos Solano B, Seymour EM, Bolling SF. The inhibitory potential of Montmorency tart cherry on key enzymes relevant to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Food Chem 2018; 252:142-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ayoub HM, McDonald MR, Sullivan JA, Tsao R, Meckling KA. Proteomic Profiles of Adipose and Liver Tissues from an Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome Fed Purple Vegetables. Nutrients 2018; 10:E456. [PMID: 29642414 PMCID: PMC5946241 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder that predisposes an individual to Cardiovascular Diseases and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Proteomics and bioinformatics have proven to be an effective tool to study complex diseases and mechanisms of action of nutrients. We previously showed that substitution of the majority of carbohydrate in a high fat diet by purple potatoes (PP) or purple carrots (PC) improved insulin sensitivity and hypertension in an animal model of MetS (obese Zucker rats) compared to a control sucrose-rich diet. In the current study, we used TMT 10plex mass tag combined with LC-MS/MS technique to study proteomic modulation in the liver (n = 3 samples/diet) and adipose tissue (n = 3 samples/diet) of high fat diet-fed rats with or without substituting sucrose for purple vegetables, followed by functional enrichment analysis, in an attempt to elucidate potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic changes seen with purple vegetable feeding. Protein folding, lipid metabolism and cholesterol efflux were identified as the main modulated biological themes in adipose tissue, whereas lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress were the main modulated themes in liver. We propose that enhanced protein folding, increased cholesterol efflux and higher free fatty acid (FFA) re-esterification are mechanisms by which PP and PC positively modulate MetS pathologies in adipose tissue, whereas, decreased de novo lipogenesis, oxidative stress and FFA uptake, are responsible for the beneficial effects in liver. In conclusion, we provide molecular evidence for the reported metabolic health benefits of purple carrots and potatoes and validate that these vegetables are good choices to replace other simple carbohydrate sources for better metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M Ayoub
- Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Mary Ruth McDonald
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - James Alan Sullivan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Kelly A Meckling
- Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Kelley DS, Adkins Y, Laugero KD. A Review of the Health Benefits of Cherries. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030368. [PMID: 29562604 PMCID: PMC5872786 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress contributes to development and progression of several human chronic inflammatory diseases. Cherries are a rich source of polyphenols and vitamin C which have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our aim is to summarize results from human studies regarding health benefits of both sweet and tart cherries, including products made from them (juice, powder, concentrate, capsules); all referred to as cherries here. We found 29 (tart 20, sweet 7, unspecified 2) published human studies which examined health benefits of consuming cherries. Most of these studies were less than 2 weeks of duration (range 5 h to 3 months) and served the equivalent of 45 to 270 cherries/day (anthocyanins 55–720 mg/day) in single or split doses. Two-thirds of these studies were randomized and placebo controlled. Consumption of cherries decreased markers for oxidative stress in 8/10 studies; inflammation in 11/16; exercise-induced muscle soreness and loss of strength in 8/9; blood pressure in 5/7; arthritis in 5/5, and improved sleep in 4/4. Cherries also decreased hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) in diabetic women, and VLDL and TG/HDL in obese participants. These results suggest that consumption of sweet or tart cherries can promote health by preventing or decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan S Kelley
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CV 95616, USA.
| | - Yuriko Adkins
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CV 95616, USA.
| | - Kevin D Laugero
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CV 95616, USA.
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Dietary Anthocyanins and Insulin Resistance: When Food Becomes a Medicine. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101111. [PMID: 29023424 PMCID: PMC5691727 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an abnormal physiological state that occurs when insulin from pancreatic β-cells is unable to trigger a signal transduction pathway in target organs such as the liver, muscles and adipose tissues. The loss of insulin sensitivity is generally associated with persistent hyperglycemia (diabetes), hyperinsulinemia, fatty acids and/or lipid dysregulation which are often prevalent under obesity conditions. Hence, insulin sensitizers are one class of drugs currently employed to treat diabetes and associated metabolic disorders. A number of natural products that act through multiple mechanisms have also been identified to enhance insulin sensitivity in target organs. One group of such compounds that gained interest in recent years are the dietary anthocyanins. Data from their in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies are scrutinized in this communication to show their potential health benefit through ameliorating insulin resistance. Specific mechanism of action ranging from targeting specific signal transduction receptors/enzymes to the general antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of insulin resistance are presented.
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Ciccoritti R, Paliotta M, Centioni L, Mencarelli F, Carbone K. The effect of genotype and drying condition on the bioactive compounds of sour cherry pomace. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ayoub HM, McDonald MR, Sullivan JA, Tsao R, Platt M, Simpson J, Meckling KA. The Effect of Anthocyanin-Rich Purple Vegetable Diets on Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Zucker Rats. J Med Food 2017; 20:1240-1249. [PMID: 28956702 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of highly colored fruits and vegetables rich in anthocyanins has been associated with numerous health benefits. Purple carrots (PC) and purple potatoes (PP) have higher anthocyanin concentrations and higher biological activities compared with less pigmented cultivars. We hypothesized that substitution of the majority of carbohydrate in a high fat diet with PP or PC, for 8 weeks, would improve insulin resistance and hypertension, major components of metabolic syndrome, compared with orange carrots (OC), white potatoes (WP) or a control, high fat, sucrose-rich diet (HFD) in obese Zucker rats. After 8 weeks of feeding, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ipITT), and invasive hemodynamic tests were performed. The PP group had better glucose tolerance compared with the WP and the HFD groups and higher insulin sensitivity as measured by the ipITT and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P = .018) compared with the HFD without having any effect on blood pressure. The PC reduced left ventricular pressure compared with both the HFD (P = .01) and the OC (P = .049) groups and reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared with the HFD group (P = .01 and <.0001, respectively) without having any effect on glucose homeostasis. The PC animals consumed more and were more obese than other groups, possibly obscuring any benefit of this vegetable on glucose tolerance. The bioactives in the vegetables responsible for blood pressure and glucose homeostasis could be different, and their effects could be independent of each other. The specific bioactives of each vegetable and their molecular targets remain to be identified. Nonetheless, incorporation of purple vegetables in functional food products may provide metabolic/cardiovascular benefits in the background of a high-fat diet that promotes obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M Ayoub
- 1 Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | - Mary Ruth McDonald
- 2 Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | | | - Rong Tsao
- 3 Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph, Canada
| | - Mathew Platt
- 1 Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | - Jeremy Simpson
- 1 Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
| | - Kelly A Meckling
- 1 Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Canada
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Brodowska M, Guzek D, Godziszewska J, Górska-Horczyczak E, Pogorzelska E, Sakowska A, Wojtasik-Kalinowska I, Gantner M, Wierzbicka A. Cherry (Prunus cerasus
cv Montmorency) extract with standardised antioxidant potential as preservative for refrigerated storage of ground pork. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Brodowska
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW); Nowoursynowska Str 159 c Warsaw 02-776 Poland
| | - Dominka Guzek
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW); Nowoursynowska Str 159 c Warsaw 02-776 Poland
| | - Jolanta Godziszewska
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW); Nowoursynowska Str 159 c Warsaw 02-776 Poland
| | - Elżbieta Górska-Horczyczak
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW); Nowoursynowska Str 159 c Warsaw 02-776 Poland
| | - Ewelina Pogorzelska
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW); Nowoursynowska Str 159 c Warsaw 02-776 Poland
| | - Anna Sakowska
- Department of Technique and Food Development; Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW); Nowoursynowska Str 159 c Warsaw 02-776 Poland
| | - Iwona Wojtasik-Kalinowska
- Department of Technique and Food Development; Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW); Nowoursynowska Str 159 c Warsaw 02-776 Poland
| | - Magdalena Gantner
- Department of Technique and Food Development; Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW); Nowoursynowska Str 159 c Warsaw 02-776 Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbicka
- Department of Technique and Food Development; Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences; Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW); Nowoursynowska Str 159 c Warsaw 02-776 Poland
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Hosseinpour F, Shomali T, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Hypocholesterolemic activity of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 14:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2017-0007/jcim-2017-0007.xml. [PMID: 28731315 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Lipid profile disturbances are important risk factors for cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus and finding safe and multifaceted agents is persuaded in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cornelian cherry dried powder (CCDP) on serum lipid profile as well as liver antioxidant capacity, HMG-CoA reductase level and activity, and LDL receptor level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Forty-eight male adult Wistar rats were randomly allocated into eight equal groups and were treated for 4 weeks as follows: negative control (normal rats, basic diet); positive control (diabetic rats, basic diet), T1 to T4 groups: diabetic rats fed with basic diet containing 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/ 100 g BW CCDP, respectively; T5: diabetic rats fed with basic diet plus 10 mg/kg lovastatin in drinking water and T6: normal rats fed with basic diet containing 1 g/ 100 g BW CCDP. Results Administration of CCDP had no significant effect on serum glucose levels in diabetic rats however decreased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and liver antioxidant capacity as compared to positive control rats (p<0.05). Although HMG-CoA reductase level showed a significant decrease only in T3 group, its activity was reduced in all diabetic CCDP and lovastatin-treated groups as compared to positive control. LDL receptor level remained statistically the same among positive control and CCDP-treated groups. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study confirms hypocholesterolemic effect of CCDP in diabetic rats and demonstrated that this effect was at least partly due to inhibition of liver HMG-CoA reductase activity.
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Spahis S, Delvin E, Borys JM, Levy E. Oxidative Stress as a Critical Factor in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pathogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:519-541. [PMID: 27452109 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by liver triacylglycerol build-up, has been growing in the global world in concert with the raised prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipemia. Redox imbalance has been suggested to be highly relevant to NAFLD pathogenesis. Recent Advances: As a major health problem, NAFLD progresses to the more severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) condition and predisposes susceptible individuals to liver and cardiovascular disease. Although NAFLD represents the predominant cause of chronic liver disorders, the mechanisms of its development and progression remain incompletely understood, even if various scientific groups ascribed them to the occurrence of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and apoptosis. Nevertheless, oxidative stress (OxS) more and more appears as the most important pathological event during NAFLD development and the hallmark between simple steatosis and NASH manifestation. CRITICAL ISSUES The purpose of this article is to summarize recent developments in the understanding of NAFLD, essentially focusing on OxS as a major pathogenetic mechanism. Various attempts to translate reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by antioxidants into experimental and clinical studies have yielded mostly encouraging results. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Although augmented concentrations of ROS and faulty antioxidant defense have been associated to NAFLD and related complications, mechanisms of action and proofs of principle should be highlighted to support the causative role of OxS and to translate its concept into the clinic. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 519-541.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schohraya Spahis
- 1 GI-Nutrition Unit, Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,2 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- 1 GI-Nutrition Unit, Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,3 Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Emile Levy
- 1 GI-Nutrition Unit, Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,2 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,4 EPODE International Network , Paris, France
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Sweet cherries from Fundão possess antidiabetic potential and protect human erythrocytes against oxidative damage. Food Res Int 2017; 95:91-100. [PMID: 28395830 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cherries are one of the most appreciated summer fruits due to their attractive colour, sweet taste, high water content, low level of calories and composition in bioactive compounds which, in turn, are important to prevent some pathologies like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this work we evaluated the phenolic profile and biological potential of 5 varieties of sweet cherries from Fundão region (Portugal) (Saco, Sweetheart, Satin, Maring and Hedelfinger). A total of 23 phenolic compounds were identified by LC-DAD and distributed by the several classes: 6 anthocyanins, 1 hydroxybenzoic acid, 8 hydroxycinnamic acids, 3 flavan-3-ols and 5 flavonols. Maring revealed higher contents in anthocyanins, while Hedelfinger was the richest in non-coloured phenolics. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated against DPPH and nitric oxide radicals. Hedelfinger was the most active against DPPH• (IC50=12.1μg/mL) and Maring against nitric oxide (IC50=140.9μg/mL). Afterwards, antidiabetic capacity was evaluated through the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, pointing Hedelfinger as the most active (IC50=10.3μg/mL). The capacity of Saco extracts to inhibit the hemoglobin oxidation and the hemolysis of human erythrocytes was also evaluated. Both assays revealed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect (IC50=38.6μg/mL and IC50=73.0μg/mL, respectively). The results obtained in this study allow us to conclude that sweet cherries possess a great biological potential, and further investigation should be done to promote commercialization and encourage its use in food supplements and in new pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
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Thangthaeng N, Poulose SM, Gomes SM, Miller MG, Bielinski DF, Shukitt-Hale B. Tart cherry supplementation improves working memory, hippocampal inflammation, and autophagy in aged rats. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:393-404. [PMID: 27578256 PMCID: PMC5266225 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with reduced risk of debilitating diseases and improved cognition in aged populations. These beneficial effects have been attributed to the phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables, which have previously been shown to be anti-inflammatory and modulate autophagy. Tart cherries contain a variety of potentially beneficial phytochemicals; however, little research has been done to investigate the effects of tart cherry on the aging brain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if tart cherry supplementation can improve cognitive and motor function of aged rats via modulation of inflammation and autophagy in the brain. Thirty 19-month-old male Fischer 344 rats were weight-matched and assigned to receive either a control diet or a diet supplemented with 2 % Montmorency tart cherry. After 6 weeks on the diet, rats were given a battery of behavioral tests to assess for strength, stamina, balance, and coordination, as well as learning and working memory. Although no significant effects were observed on tests of motor performance, tart cherry improved working memory of aged rats. Following behavioral testing, the hippocampus was collected for western/densitometric analysis of inflammatory (GFAP, NOX-2, and COX-2) and autophagy (phosphorylated mTOR, Beclin 1, and p62/SQSTM) markers. Tart cherry supplementation significantly reduced inflammatory markers and improved autophagy function. Daily consumption of tart cherry reduced age-associated inflammation and promoted protein/cellular homeostasis in the hippocampus, along with improvements in working memory. Therefore, addition of tart cherry to the diet may promote healthy aging and/or delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopporn Thangthaeng
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Shibu M Poulose
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Stacey M Gomes
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Marshall G Miller
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Donna F Bielinski
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- USDA-ARS, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Janda E, Lascala A, Martino C, Ragusa S, Nucera S, Walker R, Gratteri S, Mollace V. Molecular mechanisms of lipid- and glucose-lowering activities of bergamot flavonoids. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Luo T, Miranda-Garcia O, Adamson A, Hamilton-Reeves J, Sullivan DK, Kinchen JM, Shay NF. Consumption of Walnuts in Combination with Other Whole Foods Produces Physiologic, Metabolic, and Gene Expression Changes in Obese C57BL/6J High-Fat-Fed Male Mice. J Nutr 2016; 146:1641-50. [PMID: 27489005 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.234419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a reductionist approach has sought to understand the roles of individual nutrients and biochemicals in foods, it has become apparent that there can be differences when studying food components in isolation or within the natural matrix of a whole food. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the ability of whole-food intake to modulate the development of obesity and other metabolic dysfunction in mice fed a high-fat (HF), Western-style obesogenic diet. To test the hypothesis that an n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich food could synergize with other, largely polyphenol-rich foods by producing greater reductions in metabolic disease conditions, the intake of English walnuts was evaluated in combination with 9 other whole foods. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57Bl/6J mice were fed low-fat (LF; 10% fat) and HF control diets, along with an HF diet with 8.6% (wt:wt) added walnuts for 9 wk. The HF control diet contained 46% fat with added sucrose (10.9%, wt:wt) and cholesterol (1%, wt:wt); the added sucrose and cholesterol were not present in the LF diet. Other groups were provided the walnut diet with a second whole food-raspberries, apples, cranberries, tart cherries, broccoli sprouts, olive oil, soy protein, or green tea. All of the energy-containing whole foods were added at an energy level equivalent to 1.5 servings/d. Body weights, food intake, and glucose tolerance were determined. Postmortem, serum lipids and inflammatory markers, hepatic fat, gene expression, and the relative concentrations of 594 biochemicals were measured. RESULTS The addition of walnuts with either raspberries, apples, or green tea reduced glucose area under the curve compared with the HF diet alone (-93%, -64%, and -54%, respectively, P < 0.05). Compared with HF-fed mice, mice fed walnuts with either broccoli sprouts or green tea (-49% and -61%, respectively, P < 0.05) had reduced hepatic fat concentrations. There were differences in global gene expression patterns related to whole-food content, with many examples of differences in LF- and HF-fed mice, HF- and walnut-fed mice, and mice fed walnuts and walnuts plus other foods. The mean ± SEM increase in relative hepatic concentrations of the n-3 fatty acids α-linolenic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, and docosapentanoic acid in all walnut-fed groups was 124% ± 13%, 159% ± 11%, and 114% ± 10%, respectively (P < 0.0001), compared with LF- and HF-fed mice not consuming walnuts. CONCLUSIONS In obese male mice, walnut consumption with an HF Western-style diet caused changes in hepatic fat concentrations, gene expression patterns, and fatty acid concentrations. The addition of a second whole food in combination with walnuts produced other changes in metabolite concentrations and gene expression patterns and other physiologic markers. Importantly, these substantial changes occurred in mice fed typical amounts of intake, representing only 1.5 servings each food/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | | | - Allysa Adamson
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; and
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; and
| | | | - Neil F Shay
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR;
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