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Meng S, Yu Y, Yu S, Zhu S, Shi M, Xiang M, Ma H. Advances in Metabolic Remodeling and Intervention Strategies in Heart Failure. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:36-55. [PMID: 37843752 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The heart is the most energy-demanding organ throughout the whole body. Perturbations or failure in energy metabolism contributes to heart failure (HF), which represents the advanced stage of various heart diseases. The poor prognosis and huge economic burden associated with HF underscore the high unmet need to explore novel therapies targeting metabolic modulators beyond conventional approaches focused on neurohormonal and hemodynamic regulators. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in metabolic substrate reliance, metabolic pathways, metabolic by-products, and energy production collectively regulate the occurrence and progression of HF. In this review, we provide an overview of cardiac metabolic remodeling, encompassing the utilization of free fatty acids, glucose metabolism, ketone bodies, and branched-chain amino acids both in the physiological condition and heart failure. Most importantly, the latest advances in pharmacological interventions are discussed as a promising therapeutic approach to restore cardiac function, drawing insights from recent basic research, preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Shiyu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Mengjia Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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Sun XL, Ma LN, Chen ZZ, Xiong YB, Jia J, Wang Y, Ren Y. Search for serum biomarkers in patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder using metabolome analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1251955. [PMID: 37736060 PMCID: PMC10509760 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1251955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are two common psychiatric disorders. Due to the overlapping clinical symptoms and the lack of objective diagnostic biomarkers, bipolar disorder (BD) is easily misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD), which in turn affects treatment decisions and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate biomarkers that could be used to differentiate BD from MDD. Methods Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was performed to assess serum metabolic profiles in depressed patients with BD (n = 59), patients with MDD (n = 14), and healthy controls (n = 10). Data was analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and t-tests. Different metabolites (VIP > 1 and p < 0.05) were identified and further analyzed using Metabo Analyst 5.0 to identify relevant metabolic pathways. Results The metabolic phenotypes of the BD and MDD groups were significantly different from those of the healthy controls, and there were different metabolite differences between them. In the BD group, the levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, n-acetyl glycoprotein, β-glucose, pantothenic acid, mannose, glycerol, and lipids were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group, and the levels of lactate and acetoacetate were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group. In the MDD group, the levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, n-acetyl glycoprotein, pyruvate, choline, acetoacetic acid, and lipids were significantly higher than those of healthy controls, and the levels of acetic acid and glycerol were significantly lower than those of healthy controls. Conclusion Glycerolipid metabolism is significantly involved in BD and MDD. Pyruvate metabolism is significantly involved in MDD. Pyruvate, choline, and acetate may be potential biomarkers for MDD to distinguish from BD, and pantothenic acid may be a potential biomarker for BD to distinguish from MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Na Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Zhu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Bing Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Changzhi Mental Health Center, Changzhi, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhong H, Yu W, Wang M, Lin B, Sun X, Zheng N, Wang J, Zhao S. Sodium butyrate promotes gastrointestinal development of preweaning bull calves via inhibiting inflammation, balancing nutrient metabolism, and optimizing microbial community functions. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:88-100. [PMID: 37388163 PMCID: PMC10300058 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate promotes the growth and gastrointestinal development of calves. But, the mechanisms behind its effects on signaling pathways of the gastrointestinal tract and rumen microbiome is unclear. This study aimed to reveal transcriptomic pathways of gastrointestinal epithelium and microbial community in response to butyrate supplementation in calves fed a high fiber starter. Fourteen Holstein bull calves (39.9 ± 3.7 kg, 14 d of age) were assigned to 2 groups (sodium butyrate group, SB; control group, Ctrl). The SB group received 0.5% SB supplementation. At d 51, the calves were slaughtered to obtain samples for analysis of the transcriptome of the rumen and jejunum epithelium as well as ruminal microbial metagenome. Sodium butyrate supplementation resulted in a higher performance in average daily gain and development of jejunum and rumen papillae. In both the rumen and jejunum epithelium, SB down-regulated pathways related to inflammation including NF-κB (PPKCB, CXCL8, CXCL12), interleukin-17 (IL17A, IL17B, MMP9), and chemokine (CXCL12, CCL4, CCL8) and up-regulated immune pathways including the intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A (IgA) production (CD28). Meanwhile, in the jejunum epithelium, SB regulated pathways related to nutritional metabolism including nitrogen metabolism (CA1, CA2, CA3), synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies (HMGCS2, BDH1, LOC100295719), fat digestion and absorption (PLA2G2F, APOA1, APOA4), and the PPAR signaling pathway (FABP4, FABP6, CYP4A11). The metagenome showed that SB greatly increased the relative abundance of Bacillus subtilis and Eubacterium limosum, activated ruminal microbial carbohydrate metabolism pathways and increased the abundance of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes. In conclusion, butyrate exhibited promoting effects on growth and gastrointestinal development by inhibiting inflammation, enhancing immunity and energy harvesting, and activating microbial carbohydrate metabolism. These findings provide new insights into the potential mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of butyrate in calf nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyue Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132109, China
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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Saucedo-Orozco H, Voorrips SN, Yurista SR, de Boer RA, Westenbrink BD. SGLT2 Inhibitors and Ketone Metabolism in Heart Failure. J Lipid Atheroscler 2022; 11:1-19. [PMID: 35118019 PMCID: PMC8792821 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as powerful drugs that can be used to treat heart failure (HF) patients, both with preserved and reduced ejection fraction and in the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes. While the mechanisms underlying the salutary effects of SGLT2 inhibitors have not been fully elucidated, there is clear evidence for a beneficial metabolic effect of these drugs. In this review, we discuss the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac energy provision secondary to ketone bodies, pathological ventricular remodeling, and inflammation in patients with HF. While the specific contribution of ketone bodies to the pleiotropic cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors requires further clarification, ketone bodies themselves may also be used as a therapy for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitzilihuitl Saucedo-Orozco
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne N. Voorrips
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Salva R. Yurista
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B. Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Sridharan B, Lee MJ. Ketogenic diet: A promising neuroprotective composition for managing Alzheimer's diseases and its pathological mechanisms. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:640-656. [PMID: 34607541 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666211004104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic diet and ketone bodies gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to influence the specific energy metabolism and restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis that can help in hindering the progression of many metabolic diseases including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Ketogenic diet consists of high fat and low carbohydrate contents which makes the body glucose deprived and rely on alternative sources (ketone bodies) for energy. It has been initially designed and supplemented for the treatment of epilepsy and later its influence on many energy-deriving biochemical pathways made it a highly sorted food supplement for many metabolic diseases and even by healthy individuals for body building and calorie restriction. Among the reported therapeutic action over a range of diseases, neurodegenerative disorders especially Alzheimer's disease gained the attention of many researchers and clinicians because of its potency and its easier supplementation as a food additive. Complex pathology and multiple influencing factors of Alzheimer's disease make exploration of its therapeutic strategies a demanding task. It was a common phenomenon that energy deprivation in neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, to progress rapidly. The ability of ketone bodies to stabilize the mitochondrial energy metabolism makes it a suitable intervening agent. In this review, we will discuss various research progress made with regards to ketone bodies/ketogenic diet for management of Alzheimer's disease and elaborate in detail about the mechanisms that are influenced during their therapeutic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng East Road, Taichung. Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jen Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng East Road, Taichung. Taiwan
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Shaheen A. Can ketone bodies inactivate coronavirus spike protein? The potential of biocidal agents against SARS-CoV-2. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000312. [PMID: 33857328 PMCID: PMC8250295 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biocidal agents such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are able to inactivate several coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2. In this article, an insight into one mechanism for the inactivation of these viruses by those two agents is presented, based on analysis of previous observations during electron microscopic examination of several members of the orthocoronavirinae subfamily, including the new virus SARS-CoV-2. This inactivation is proposed to occur through Schiff base reaction-induced conformational changes in the spike glycoprotein leading to its disruption or breakage, which can prevent binding of the virus to cellular receptors. Also, a new prophylactic and therapeutic measure against SARS-CoV-2 using acetoacetate is proposed, suggesting that it could similarly break the viral spike through Schiff base reaction with lysines of the spike protein. This measure needs to be confirmed experimentally before consideration. In addition, a new line of research is proposed to help find a broad-spectrum antivirus against several members of this subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Shaheen
- Shiwah Al Gharbeyah Medical Center, Aga, Dakahlia, Egypt
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Yan X, Hu Y, Wang B, Wang S, Zhang X. Metabolic Dysregulation Contributes to the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:530219. [PMID: 33250703 PMCID: PMC7674854 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.530219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated a critical role for dysregulated glucose metabolism in its pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize metabolic alterations in aging brain and AD-related metabolic deficits associated with glucose metabolism dysregulation, glycolysis dysfunction, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficits, and pentose phosphate pathway impairment. Additionally, we discuss recent treatment strategies targeting metabolic defects in AD, including their limitations, in an effort to encourage the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Hu
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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Yue S, Ding S, Zhou J, Yang C, Hu X, Zhao X, Wang Z, Wang L, Peng Q, Xue B. Metabolomics Approach Explore Diagnostic Biomarkers and Metabolic Changes in Heat-Stressed Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1741. [PMID: 32992834 PMCID: PMC7601318 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present experiment, we investigated the impact of heat stress (HS) on physiological parameters, dry matter intake, milk production, the metabolome of milk, and blood plasma in lactating Holstein dairy cows. For this purpose, 20 Holstein lactating cows were distributed in two groups in such a way that each group had 10 cows. A group of 10 cows was reared in HS conditions, while the other group of 10 cows was reared in the thermoneutral zone. The results of the experiment showed that cows subjected to HS had higher respiration rates (p < 0.01) and greater rectal temperature (p < 0.01). Results of milk production and composition explored that HS lowered milk production (p < 0.01) and milk protein percentage (p < 0.05) than cows raised in a thermoneutral place. Furthermore, HS increased the concentrations of N-acetyl glycoprotein, scyllo-inositol, choline, and pyridoxamine in milk, while HS decreased the concentrations of O-acetyl glycoprotein, glycerophosphorylcholine, citrate, and methyl phosphate in milk. Moreover, HS enhanced plasma concentrations of alanine, glucose, glutamate, urea, 1-methylhistidine, histidine, and formate in cows, while the plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, leucine, lipid, and 3-hydroxybutyrate decreased due to HS. Based on the findings of the current research, it is concluded that HS alters the milk and blood plasma metabolites of lactating Holstein dairy cows. Overall, in the current experiment, HS altered eight metabolites in milk and twelve metabolites in the plasma of lactating Holstein dairy cows. Furthermore, the current study explored that these metabolites were mainly involved in proteolysis, gluconeogenesis, and milk fatty acid synthesis and could be potential biomarkers for dairy cows undergoing HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangming Yue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Y.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (Q.P.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocation College, Chengdu 611845, China;
| | - Siyan Ding
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Y.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (Q.P.)
| | - Jia Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Y.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (Q.P.)
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocation College, Chengdu 611845, China;
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Y.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (Q.P.)
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Y.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (Q.P.)
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Y.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (Q.P.)
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Y.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (Q.P.)
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Y.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (Q.P.)
| | - Bai Xue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Y.); (S.D.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.W.); (Q.P.)
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Fan G, Li Q, Li HJ, Zhang YS, Xu XM, Fang G, Ge YM, Du LL. Active Ingredients and Anti-Arthritic Mechanisms of Ba-Wei-Long-Zuan Granule Revealed by 1 H-NMR-Based Metabolomics Combined with Network Pharmacology Analysis. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000122. [PMID: 32274851 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ba-Wei-Long-Zuan granule (BWLZ) is a traditional herbal preparation. It has been widely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its active ingredients and mechanisms of action are still unclear. The present study aims to reveal the active compounds and anti-arthritic mechanisms of BWLZ against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by using 1 H-NMR-based metabolomics, molecular docking and network pharmacology methods. After 30 days of administration, BWLZ could effectively improve the metabolic disorders in CIA rats. The anti-arthritic effect of BWLZ was related to its restoration of 16 disturbed serum metabolites. Molecular docking and network analysis showed that 20 compounds present in BWLZ could act on multiple targets. Among them, coclaurine and hesperidin showed the highest hit rates for target proteins related to both metabolic regulation and RA, indicating that these two compounds might be potential active ingredients of BWLZ. Moreover, pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the anti-arthritic mechanisms of BWLZ might be attributed to its network regulation of several biological processes, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, mTOR signaling pathway, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. These results provide further evidence for the anti-arthritic properties of BWLZ and are beneficial for its quality control and clinical application. The potential targets and biological processes found in this study may provide valuable information for further studying the molecular mechanisms of BWLZ against RA. In addition, our work provides new insights for revealing the active ingredients and regulatory mechanisms of complex herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Fan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Jiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Sen Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Mei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China
| | - Gang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Applied Research of Zhuang Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, 530001, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Man Ge
- Department of Inspection, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Lei Du
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China
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Nakajima K, Higuchi R, Iwane T, Iida A. The association of low serum salivary and pancreatic amylases with the increased use of lipids as an energy source in non-obese healthy women. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:237. [PMID: 32375859 PMCID: PMC7201991 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unknown whether low serum levels of salivary and pancreatic amylases are associated with the high combustion of carbohydrates or lipids for energy. Elevated blood ketones and a low respiratory quotient (RQ) can reflect the preferential combustion of lipids relative to carbohydrates. Therefore, using the data from our previous study, we investigated if low levels of serum amylases were associated with a high serum ketone level and low RQ in 60 healthy non-obese young women aged 20-39 years old. RESULTS Serum ketones [3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA) and acetoacetic acid (AA)] were inversely correlated with RQs, but not body mass index (BMI) or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of serum ketones (3-HBA ≥ 24 μmol/L and AA ≥ 17 μmol/L) and a low RQ (< 0.766) were significantly associated with low serum salivary (< 60 U/L) and pancreatic (< 29 U/L) amylase levels, respectively. These associations were not altered by further adjustments for age, BMI, HbA1c, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. These results confirm the high combustion of lipids for energy in individuals with low serum amylase levels, suggesting a close relationship between circulating amylases and internal energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nakajima
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8522, Japan.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8550, Japan.
- Graduate School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Research Gate Building Tonomachi 2-A, 3-25-10 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Higuchi
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8522, Japan
| | - Taizo Iwane
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8522, Japan
| | - Ayaka Iida
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heisei-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8522, Japan
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Li RJ, Liu Y, Liu HQ, Li J. Ketogenic diets and protective mechanisms in epilepsy, metabolic disorders, cancer, neuronal loss, and muscle and nerve degeneration. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13140. [PMID: 31943235 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic diet (KD), the "High-fat, low-carbohydrate, adequate-protein" diet strategy, replacing glucose with ketone bodies, is effective against several diseases, from intractable epileptic seizures, metabolic disorders, tumors, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and neurodegeneration to skeletal muscle atrophy and peripheral neuropathy. Key mechanisms include augmented mitochondrial efficiency, reduced oxidative stress, and regulated phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase, gamma-aminobutyric acid-glutamate, Na+/ K+ pump, leptin and adiponectin levels, ghrelin levels, lipogenesis, ketogenesis, lipolysis, and gluconeogenesis. In cancer cells, KD targets glucose metabolism, suppresses insulin-like growth factor-1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, and reduces cancer cachexia and muscle waste and fatigue. An associated increased skeletal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α activity alters systemic ketone body homeostasis, contributing toward attenuated diabetic hyperketonemia. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties enable KD enhance endurance and sports performances while preventing exercise-induced muscle and organ debility. KD reduces metabolic syndromes-associated allodynia and promotes peripheral axonal and sensory regeneration. This review enlightens effects of KD on various disease conditions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: It is increasingly being realized that diet plays a very important role in our fight against several diseases. This can range from neurological disorders to diabetes and cancer. In this context, the potential of KD, the "High-fat, low-carbohydrate, adequate-protein" diet strategy, is increasingly being realized. In this article, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the benefits of KD against many diseases and discuss the underlying biochemical mechanisms. We hope that our write-up will stimulate further research on KD and help generate an interest for the populations to adopt this healthy diet. It can help overcome the problems associated with weight and dysregulated metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jun Li
- The Handsurgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Handsurgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan-Qiu Liu
- The Anesthesia Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji Li
- The Anesthesia Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Deelen J, Kettunen J, Fischer K, van der Spek A, Trompet S, Kastenmüller G, Boyd A, Zierer J, van den Akker EB, Ala-Korpela M, Amin N, Demirkan A, Ghanbari M, van Heemst D, Ikram MA, van Klinken JB, Mooijaart SP, Peters A, Salomaa V, Sattar N, Spector TD, Tiemeier H, Verhoeven A, Waldenberger M, Würtz P, Davey Smith G, Metspalu A, Perola M, Menni C, Geleijnse JM, Drenos F, Beekman M, Jukema JW, van Duijn CM, Slagboom PE. A metabolic profile of all-cause mortality risk identified in an observational study of 44,168 individuals. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3346. [PMID: 31431621 PMCID: PMC6702196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting longer-term mortality risk requires collection of clinical data, which is often cumbersome. Therefore, we use a well-standardized metabolomics platform to identify metabolic predictors of long-term mortality in the circulation of 44,168 individuals (age at baseline 18-109), of whom 5512 died during follow-up. We apply a stepwise (forward-backward) procedure based on meta-analysis results and identify 14 circulating biomarkers independently associating with all-cause mortality. Overall, these associations are similar in men and women and across different age strata. We subsequently show that the prediction accuracy of 5- and 10-year mortality based on a model containing the identified biomarkers and sex (C-statistic = 0.837 and 0.830, respectively) is better than that of a model containing conventional risk factors for mortality (C-statistic = 0.772 and 0.790, respectively). The use of the identified metabolic profile as a predictor of mortality or surrogate endpoint in clinical studies needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Deelen
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, PO Box 41 06 23, 50866, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Computational Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Krista Fischer
- The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ashley van der Spek
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Andy Boyd
- ALSPAC, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jonas Zierer
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.,Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse 2, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erik B van den Akker
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,The Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5031, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Systems Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Section of Statistical Multi-omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental research, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 91735-951, 9133913716, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Bert van Klinken
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P Mooijaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aswin Verhoeven
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Würtz
- Nightingale Health Ltd., Mannerheimintie 164a, 00300, Helsinki, Finland
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 23b - 134, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical and Molecular Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fotios Drenos
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Marian Beekman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, PO box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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13
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Volicer L, Pope TM, Steinberg KE, Terman SA. Response to Resolution A19 Regarding “Stopping Eating and Drinking by Advance Directives”. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019:S1525-8610(19)30369-X. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Ren J, Hu D, Mao Y, Yang H, Liao W, Xu W, Ge P, Zhang H, Sang X, Lu X, Zhong S. Alteration in gut microbiota caused by time-restricted feeding alleviate hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:1714-1722. [PMID: 30588757 PMCID: PMC6378231 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF), that is, no caloric intake for 14-16 hours each day leads to favourable nutritional outcomes. This study is the first to investigate TRF through a surgical perspective verifying its efficacy against liver ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. We randomly assigned 100 10-week-old wild-type male C57BL/6 mice into two feeding regimens: TRF and ad libitum access to food. Main outcomes were evaluated at 6, 12 and 24 hours post-I/R surgery after 12 weeks of intervention. TRF group demonstrated minor liver injury via histological study; lower serum levels of liver enzymes, glucose and lipids; higher concentrations of free fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyrate; decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers; as well as less severe cell apoptosis and proliferation. Further exploration indicated better gut microenvironment and intestinal epithelial tight junction function. TRF employed its positive influence on a wide spectrum of biochemical pathways and ultimately revealed protective effect against hepatic I/R injury possibly through adjusting the gut microbiota. The results referred to a strong indication of adopting better feeding pattern for surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Ren
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Penglei Ge
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Sang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Zheng H, Cai A, Shu Q, Niu Y, Xu P, Li C, Lin L, Gao H. Tissue-Specific Metabolomics Analysis Identifies the Liver as a Major Organ of Metabolic Disorders in Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin 1 Mice of Alzheimer's Disease. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1218-1227. [PMID: 30592618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regarded as a metabolic disorder, and more attention has been paid to brain metabolism. However, AD may also affect metabolism in the peripheral organs beyond the brain. In this study, therefore, we investigated metabolic changes in the liver, kidney, and heart of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice at 1, 5, and 10 months of age by using 1H NMR-based metabolomics and chemometrics. Metabolomic results reveal that the liver was the earliest affected organ in APP/PS1 mice during amyloid pathology progression, followed by the kidney and heart. Moreover, a hypometabolic state was found in the liver of APP/PS1 mice at 5 months of age, and the disturbed metabolites were mainly involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, as well as ketone and fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, our results suggest that AD is a systemic metabolic dysfunction, and hepatic metabolic abnormality may reflect amyloid pathology progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Aimin Cai
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Qi Shu
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Yan Niu
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Pengtao Xu
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Li Lin
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
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16
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17
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Li C, Wang A, Wang C, Ramamurthy J, Zhang E, Guadagno E, Trakadis Y. Metabolomics in patients with psychosis: A systematic review. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:580-588. [PMID: 30076730 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of metabolomics studies for psychosis, as a means of biomarker discovery. Manuscripts were selected for review if they involved discovery of metabolites using high-throughput analysis in human subjects and were published in the last decade. The metabolites identified were searched in Human Metabolome Data Base (HMDB) for a link to psychosis. Metabolites associated with psychosis based on evidence in HMBD were then searched using PubMed to explore the availability of further evidence. Almost all of the studies which underwent full review involved patients with schizophrenia. Ten biomarkers were identified. Six of them were reported in two or more independent metabolomics studies: N-acetyl aspartate, lactate, tryptophan, kynurenine, glutamate, and creatine. Four additional metabolites were encountered in a single metabolomics study but had significant evidence (two supporting articles or more) for a link to psychosis based on PubMed: linoleic acid, D-serine, glutathione, and 3-hydroxybutyrate. The pathways affected are discussed as they may be relevant to the pathophysiology of psychosis, and specifically of schizophrenia, as well as, constitute new drug targets for treatment of related conditions. Based on the biomarkers identified, early diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or monitoring may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aviva Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chloe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janani Ramamurthy
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edlyn Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena Guadagno
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yannis Trakadis
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Smith RL, Soeters MR, Wüst RCI, Houtkooper RH. Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:489-517. [PMID: 29697773 PMCID: PMC6093334 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to efficiently adapt metabolism by substrate sensing, trafficking, storage, and utilization, dependent on availability and requirement, is known as metabolic flexibility. In this review, we discuss the breadth and depth of metabolic flexibility and its impact on health and disease. Metabolic flexibility is essential to maintain energy homeostasis in times of either caloric excess or caloric restriction, and in times of either low or high energy demand, such as during exercise. The liver, adipose tissue, and muscle govern systemic metabolic flexibility and manage nutrient sensing, uptake, transport, storage, and expenditure by communication via endocrine cues. At a molecular level, metabolic flexibility relies on the configuration of metabolic pathways, which are regulated by key metabolic enzymes and transcription factors, many of which interact closely with the mitochondria. Disrupted metabolic flexibility, or metabolic inflexibility, however, is associated with many pathological conditions including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Multiple factors such as dietary composition and feeding frequency, exercise training, and use of pharmacological compounds, influence metabolic flexibility and will be discussed here. Last, we outline important advances in metabolic flexibility research and discuss medical horizons and translational aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben L Smith
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Soeters
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Lee J, Yanckello LM, Ma D, Hoffman JD, Parikh I, Thalman S, Bauer B, Hartz AMS, Hyder F, Lin AL. Neuroimaging Biomarkers of mTOR Inhibition on Vascular and Metabolic Functions in Aging Brain and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:225. [PMID: 30140223 PMCID: PMC6094969 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a nutrient sensor of eukaryotic cells. Inhibition of mechanistic mTOR signaling can increase life and health span in various species via interventions that include rapamycin and caloric restriction (CR). In the central nervous system, mTOR inhibition demonstrates neuroprotective patterns in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) by preserving mitochondrial function and reducing amyloid beta retention. However, the effects of mTOR inhibition for in vivo brain physiology remain largely unknown. Here, we review recent findings of in vivo metabolic and vascular measures using non-invasive, multimodal neuroimaging methods in rodent models for brain aging and AD. Specifically, we focus on pharmacological treatment (e.g., rapamycin) for restoring brain functions in animals modeling human AD; nutritional interventions (e.g., CR and ketogenic diet) for enhancing brain vascular and metabolic functions in rodents at young age (5-6 months of age) and preserving those functions in aging (18-20 months of age). Various magnetic resonance (MR) methods [i.e., imaging (MRI), angiography (MRA), and spectroscopy (MRS)], confocal microscopic imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET) provided in vivo metabolic and vascular measures. We also discuss the translational potential of mTOR interventions. Since PET and various MR neuroimaging methods, as well as the different interventions (e.g., rapamycin, CR, and ketogenic diet) are also available for humans, these findings may have tremendous implications in future clinical trials of neurological disorders in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lee
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lucille M. Yanckello
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David Ma
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jared D. Hoffman
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ishita Parikh
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Scott Thalman
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Bjoern Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Anika M. S. Hartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ai-Ling Lin
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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20
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Bronisz A, Ozorowski M, Hagner-Derengowska M. Pregnancy Ketonemia and Development of the Fetal Central Nervous System. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:1242901. [PMID: 29971100 PMCID: PMC6008755 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1242901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the major source of energy for the human brain which in turn uses ketone bodies as a supplement for energy deficit in glucose cell deficiency conditions. Pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes is a condition associated with significantly increased risk of ketonemia development. The data available proves a changing influence of ketones on the central nervous system during fetal life and in adults as well. Ketone bodies freely pass through the placenta. They can affect fetal growth and organ damage development, especially the central nervous system. As agreed in the current recommendation of the diabetes associations, it is not obligatory for the attending doctor to conduct a routine inspection of ketone bodies during diabetes treatment in pregnancy. This article is a literature review of ketones' effect on the central nervous system and an attempt to initiate discussion whether we should consider including ketonemia assessment into the standard care package for pregnant women with diabetes and begin some research on the explanation of its influence on fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Bronisz
- Endocrinology and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 Skłodowskiej-Curie Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ozorowski
- Endocrinology and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 Skłodowskiej-Curie Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hagner-Derengowska
- Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 Skłodowskiej-Curie Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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21
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Manoogian ENC, Panda S. Circadian rhythms, time-restricted feeding, and healthy aging. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39:59-67. [PMID: 28017879 PMCID: PMC5814245 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms optimize physiology and health by temporally coordinating cellular function, tissue function, and behavior. These endogenous rhythms dampen with age and thus compromise temporal coordination. Feeding-fasting patterns are an external cue that profoundly influence the robustness of daily biological rhythms. Erratic eating patterns can disrupt the temporal coordination of metabolism and physiology leading to chronic diseases that are also characteristic of aging. However, sustaining a robust feeding-fasting cycle, even without altering nutrition quality or quantity, can prevent or reverse these chronic diseases in experimental models. In humans, epidemiological studies have shown erratic eating patterns increase the risk of disease, whereas sustained feeding-fasting cycles, or prolonged overnight fasting, is correlated with protection from breast cancer. Therefore, optimizing the timing of external cues with defined eating patterns can sustain a robust circadian clock, which may prevent disease and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N C Manoogian
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; University of California Center for Circadian Biology, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093, USA.
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22
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Niopek K, Üstünel BE, Seitz S, Sakurai M, Zota A, Mattijssen F, Wang X, Sijmonsma T, Feuchter Y, Gail AM, Leuchs B, Niopek D, Staufer O, Brune M, Sticht C, Gretz N, Müller-Decker K, Hammes HP, Nawroth P, Fleming T, Conkright MD, Blüher M, Zeigerer A, Herzig S, Berriel Diaz M. A Hepatic GAbp-AMPK Axis Links Inflammatory Signaling to Systemic Vascular Damage. Cell Rep 2017; 20:1422-1434. [PMID: 28793265 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased pro-inflammatory signaling is a hallmark of metabolic dysfunction in obesity and diabetes. Although both inflammatory and energy substrate handling processes represent critical layers of metabolic control, their molecular integration sites remain largely unknown. Here, we identify the heterodimerization interface between the α and β subunits of transcription factor GA-binding protein (GAbp) as a negative target of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signaling. TNF-α prevented GAbpα and β complex formation via reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the non-energy-dependent transcriptional inactivation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) β1, which was identified as a direct hepatic GAbp target. Impairment of AMPKβ1, in turn, elevated downstream cellular cholesterol biosynthesis, and hepatocyte-specific ablation of GAbpα induced systemic hypercholesterolemia and early macro-vascular lesion formation in mice. As GAbpα and AMPKβ1 levels were also found to correlate in obese human patients, the ROS-GAbp-AMPK pathway may represent a key component of a hepato-vascular axis in diabetic long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Niopek
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bilgen Ekim Üstünel
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Seitz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Minako Sakurai
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Zota
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frits Mattijssen
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tjeerd Sijmonsma
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Feuchter
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna M Gail
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Leuchs
- Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Niopek
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Biotechnology and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oskar Staufer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Klinikum Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Klinikum Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karin Müller-Decker
- Core Facility Tumor Models, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, University Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael D Conkright
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Qiu H, Novikov A, Vallon V. Ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis in response to SGLT2 inhibitors: Basic mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2017; 33. [PMID: 28099783 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT2 are a new class of antihyperglycemic drugs that have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These drugs inhibit glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubules of the kidney thereby enhancing glucosuria and lowering blood glucose levels. Additional consequences and benefits include a reduction in body weight, uric acid levels, and blood pressure. Moreover, SGLT2 inhibition can have protective effects on the kidney and cardiovascular system in patients with T2DM and high cardiovascular risk. However, a potential side effect that has been reported with SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM and particularly during off-label use in patients with type 1 diabetes is diabetic ketoacidosis. The US Food and Drug Administration recently warned that SGLT2 inhibitors may result in euglycemic ketoacidosis. Here, we review the basic metabolism of ketone bodies, the triggers of diabetic ketoacidosis, and potential mechanisms by which SGLT2 inhibitors may facilitate the development of ketosis or ketoacidosis. This provides the rationale for measures to lower the risk. We discuss the role of the kidney and potential links to renal gluconeogenesis and uric acid handling. Moreover, we outline potential beneficial effects of modestly elevated ketone body levels on organ function that may have therapeutic relevance for the observed beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the kidney and cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Aleksandra Novikov
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Lourbopoulos A, Mamrak U, Roth S, Balbi M, Shrouder J, Liesz A, Hellal F, Plesnila N. Inadequate food and water intake determine mortality following stroke in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2084-2097. [PMID: 27449604 PMCID: PMC5464703 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16660986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Experimental stroke models producing clinically relevant functional deficits are often associated with high mortality. Because the mechanisms that underlie post-stroke mortality are largely unknown, results obtained using these models are often difficult to interpret, thereby limiting their translational potential. Given that specific forms of post-stroke care reduce mortality in patients, we hypothesized that inadequate food and water intake may underlie mortality following experimental stroke. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 1 h of intraluminal filament middle cerebral artery occlusion. Nutritional support beginning on the second day after filament middle cerebral artery occlusion reduced the 14-day mortality rate from 59% to 15%. The surviving mice in the post-stroke support group had the same infarct size as non-surviving control mice, suggesting that post-stroke care was not neuroprotective and that inadequate food and/or water intake are the main reasons for filament middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced mortality. This notion was supported by the presence of significant hypoglycemia, ketonemia, and dehydration in control mice. Taken together, these data suggest that post-filament middle cerebral artery occlusion mortality in mice is not primarily caused by ischemic brain damage, but secondarily by inadequate food and/or water intake. Thus, providing nutritional support following filament middle cerebral artery occlusion greatly minimizes mortality bias and allows the study of long-term morphological and functional sequelae of stroke in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Lourbopoulos
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Mamrak
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Roth
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Matilde Balbi
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Shrouder
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.,2 Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Farida Hellal
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.,2 Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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25
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Vigili de Kreutzenberg S, Avogaro A. The role of point-of-care 3-hydroxybutyrate testing in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing coronary angiography. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:627-634. [PMID: 28188583 PMCID: PMC5443872 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ketone bodies, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3BOHB), and acetoacetate derive from increased free fatty acid beta-oxidation, thus reflecting marked insulin deprivation with or without decompensated diabetes. Objectives of this study were (1) to determine circulating levels of 3BOHB in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2DM), before and after an elective coronary angiography; (2) to detect 3BOHB modification during the procedure; (3) to study possible associations between 3BOHB and clinical parameters/outcomes. METHODS Sixteen T2DM (72 ± 11 years) and 22 matched controls (71 ± 12 years) undergoing elective coronary angiography were enrolled. In all subjects, biohumoral parameters were determined at hospital admission. Point-of-care determinations of 3BOHB, glucose, and creatinine were performed, at 7 a.m, immediately before and after the procedure. The duration of the fasting period and of the procedure was recorded. RESULTS T2DM had significantly higher fasting (0.538 ± 0.320 vs 0.255 ± 0.197 mM/l; p = 0.005) and pre-procedural (0.725 ± 0.429 vs 0.314 ± 0.205; p = 0.002) 3BOHB concentrations than controls. Similarly, absolute increment of 3BOHB from the morning value was significantly greater in T2DM (0.369 ± 0.252 vs 0.127 ± 0.135 in controls; p = 0.002). Significant correlations were observed between pre-procedure 3BOHB and glucose levels (r = 0.586; p < 0.0001) and between pre-procedure 3BOHB and fasting creatinine concentrations (r = 0.364; p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS An overnight fasting period and a concomitantly stressful condition induce inappropriate 3BOHB increase in T2DM. Point-of-care capillary 3BOHB may be useful before any procedural/surgical intervention in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
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26
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Early interleukin-6 enhances hepatic ketogenesis in APP SWE/PSEN1dE9 mice via 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA synthase 2 signaling activation by p38/nuclear factor κB p65. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:115-126. [PMID: 28528772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a multifactorial disease that affects the central nervous system and periphery. A decline in brain glucose metabolism is an early feature of AD and is accompanied by a phenotypic shift from aerobic glycolysis to ketogenesis. The liver is responsible for the generation of the ketone body. However, the mechanism that underlies hepatic ketogenesis in AD remains unclear. Here, we investigated hepatic ketogenesis during the early stage of AD pathogenesis in amyloid precursor protein (APPSWE) and presenilin (PSEN1dE9) (APP/PS1) mice. We observed that β-hydroxybutyric acid was increased in the brain of the postmortem mild cognitive impairment and AD subjects and in 3-month-old APP/PS1 AD mice. A rise in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), a key enzyme for catalyzing β-hydroxybutyric acid production, was observed in early AD mice. We further showed that proinflammatory cytokines were activated in the liver prior to their activation in the brain of 3-month-old APP/PS1 mice. Among the cytokines, interleukin-6 significantly activated HMGCS2 through the binding of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 to the HMGCS2 promoter. Additionally, interleukin-6 stimulated phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinases, an upstream molecule for NF-κB p65 signaling. We have demonstrated that a hepatic inflammatory factor enhances ketogenesis through HMGCS2 signaling activation by p38/NF-κB p65. These results provide a novel peripheral metabolic mechanism for enhanced ketone production and suggest a plausible early AD phenotype to diagnose AD.
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27
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Di Domenico F, Barone E, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. The Triangle of Death in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: The Aberrant Cross-Talk Among Energy Metabolism, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling, and Protein Homeostasis Revealed by Redox Proteomics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:364-387. [PMID: 27626216 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder and represents one of the most disabling conditions. AD shares many features in common with systemic insulin resistance diseases, suggesting that it can be considered as a metabolic disease, characterized by reduced insulin-stimulated growth and survival signaling, increased oxidative stress (OS), proinflammatory cytokine activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired energy metabolism, and altered protein homeostasis. Recent Advances: Reduced glucose utilization and energy metabolism in AD have been associated with the buildup of amyloid-β peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau, increased OS, and the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is aberrantly activated in AD since early stages, plays a key role during AD neurodegeneration by, on one side, inhibiting insulin signaling as a negative feedback mechanism and, on the other side, regulating protein homeostasis (synthesis/clearance). CRITICAL ISSUES It is likely that the concomitant and mutual alterations of energy metabolism-mTOR signaling-protein homeostasis might represent a self-sustaining triangle of harmful events that trigger the degeneration and death of neurons and the development and progression of AD. Intriguingly, the altered cross-talk between the components of such a triangle of death, beyond altering the redox homeostasis of the neuron, is further exacerbated by increased levels of OS that target and impair key components of the pathways involved. Redox proteomic studies in human samples and animal models of AD-like dementia led to identification of oxidatively modified components of the pathways composing the triangle of death, therefore revealing the crucial role of OS in fueling this aberrant vicious cycle. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of compounds able to restore the function of the pathways targeted by oxidative damage might represent a valuable therapeutic approach to slow or delay AD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 364-387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy .,2 Facultad de Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- 3 Department of Chemistry, Sanders-Brown Center of Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Non-invasive neuroimaging methods have been developed as powerful tools for identifying in vivo brain functions for studies in humans and animals. Here we review the imaging biomarkers that are being used to determine the changes within brain metabolic and vascular functions induced by caloric restriction (CR), and their potential usefulness for future studies with dietary interventions in humans. RECENT FINDINGS CR causes an early shift in brain metabolism of glucose to ketone bodies, and enhances ATP production, neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF). With age, CR preserves mitochondrial activity, neurotransmission, CBF, and spatial memory. CR also reduces anxiety in aging mice. Neuroimaging studies in humans show that CR restores abnormal brain activity in the amygdala of women with obesity and enhances brain connectivity in old adults. SUMMARY Neuroimaging methods have excellent translational values and can be widely applied in future studies to identify dietary effects on brain functions in humans.
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Sun B, Wang X, Cao R, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Xu M, Zhang M, Du X, Dong F, Yan X. NMR-based metabonomics study on the effect of Gancao in the attenuation of toxicity in rats induced by Fuzi. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:617-626. [PMID: 27746335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuzi, the processed lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux, is a traditional Chinese medicine used for its analgesic, antipyretic, anti-rheumatoid arthritis and anti-inflammation effects; however, it is also well known for its toxicity. Gancao, the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., is often used concurrently with Fuzi to alleviate its toxicity. However, the mechanism of detoxication is still not well clear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the effect of Gancao on the metabolic changes induced by Fuzi was investigated by NMR-based metabonomic approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (group A: control, group B: Fuzi decoction alone, group C: Gancao decoction alone, group D: Fuzi decoction and Gancao decoction simultaneously, group E: Fuzi decoction 5h after Gancao decoction) and urine samples were collected for NMR-based metabolic profiling analysis. Statistical analyses such as unsupervised PCA, t-test, hierarchical cluster, and pathway analysis were used to detect the effects of Gancao on the metabolic changes induced by Fuzi. RESULTS The behavioral and biochemical characteristics showed that Fuzi exhibited toxic effects on treated rats (group B) and statistical analyses showed that their metabolic profiles were in contrast to those in groups A and C. However, when Fuzi was administered with Gancao, the metabolic profiles became similar to controls, whereby Gancao reduced the levels of trimethylamine N-oxide, betaine, dimethylglycine, valine, acetoacetate, citrate, fumarate, 2-ketoglutarate and hippurate, and regulated the concentrations of taurine and 3-hydroxybutyrate, resulting in a decrease in toxicity. Furthermore, important pathways that are known to be involved in the effect of Gancao on Fuzi, including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, and the TCA cycle, were altered in co-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Gancao treatment mitigated the metabolic changes altered by Fuzi administration in rats, demonstrating that dosing with Gancao could reduce the toxicity of Fuzi at the metabolic level. Fuzi and Gancao administered simultaneously resulted in improved toxicity reduction than when Gancao was administrated 5h prior to Fuzi. In summary, co-administration of Gancao with Fuzi reduces toxicity at the metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Xubin Wang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Ruili Cao
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Qiao Liu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China; Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou 423000, PR China.
| | - Meifeng Xu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shengyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiangbo Du
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Fangting Dong
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Xianzhong Yan
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Volicer L. Fear of Dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17:875-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Hu TX, Tan QY, Ruan Y, Ruan Y, Wang XJ, Yao JQ, Wang HL, Wang J. Study on the relationship of acute ketosis intoxication and type 2 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joad.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Hao GW, Chen YS, He DM, Wang HY, Wu GH, Zhang B. Growth of human colon cancer cells in nude mice is delayed by ketogenic diet with or without omega-3 fatty acids and medium-chain triglycerides. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:2061-8. [PMID: 25773851 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.5.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors are largely unable to metabolize ketone bodies for energy due to various deficiencies in one or both of the key mitochondrial enzymes, which may provide a rationale for therapeutic strategies that inhibit tumor growth by administration of a ketogenic diet with average protein but low in carbohydrates and high in fat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six male BALB/C nude mice were injected subcutaneously with tumor cells of the colon cancer cell line HCT116. The animals were then randomly split into three feeding groups and fed either a ketogenic diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and MCT (MKD group; n=12) or lard only (LKD group; n=12) or a standard diet (SD group; n=12) ad libitum. Experiments were ended upon attainment of the target tumor volume of 600 mm3 to 700 mm3. The three diets were compared for tumor growth and survival time (interval between tumor cell injection and attainment of target tumor volume). RESULTS The tumor growth in the MKD and LKD groups was significantly delayed compared to that in the SD group. CONCLUSIONS Application of an unrestricted ketogenic diet delayed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Further studies are needed to address the mechanism of this diet intervention and the impact on other tumor-relevant parameters such as invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wei Hao
- Department General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China E-mail :
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Poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrates (PHB) are Atherogenic Components of Lipoprotein Lp(a). Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:1041-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lundgren BR, Harris JR, Sarwar Z, Scheel RA, Nomura CT. The metabolism of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate is regulated by the enhancer-binding protein PA2005 and the alternative sigma factor RpoN in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:2232-42. [PMID: 26311173 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A variety of soil-dwelling bacteria produce polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), which serves as a source of energy and carbon under nutrient deprivation. Bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas do not generally produce PHB but are capable of using the PHB degradation product (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate [(R)-3-HB] as a growth substrate. Essential to this utilization is the NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase BdhA that converts (R)-3-HB into acetoacetate, a molecule that readily enters central metabolism. Apart from the numerous studies that had focused on the biochemical characterization of BdhA, there was nothing known about the assimilation of (R)-3-HB in Pseudomonas, including the genetic regulation of bdhA expression. This study aimed to define the regulatory factors that govern or dictate the expression of the bdhA gene and (R)-3-HB assimilation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Importantly, expression of the bdhA gene was found to be specifically induced by (R)-3-HB in a manner dependent on the alternative sigma factor RpoN and the enhancer-binding protein PA2005.This mode of regulation was essential for the utilization of (R)-3-HB as a sole source of energy and carbon. However, non-induced levels of bdhA expression were sufficient for P. aeruginosa PAO1 to grow on ( ± )-1,3-butanediol, which is catabolized through an (R)-3-HB intermediate. Because this is, we believe, the first report of an enhancer-binding protein that responds to (R)-3-HB, PA2005 was named HbcR for (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate catabolism regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Lundgren
- 1Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Joshua R Harris
- 1Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Zaara Sarwar
- 1Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Ryan A Scheel
- 1Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Christopher T Nomura
- 1Department of Chemistry, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA 2Center for Applied Microbiology, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
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Neuman‐Lee LA, Bobby Fokidis H, Spence AR, Van der Walt M, Smith GD, Durham S, French SS. Food restriction and chronic stress alter energy use and affect immunity in an infrequent feeder. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Bobby Fokidis
- Department of Biology Rollins College Winter Park Florida 32789 USA
| | - Austin R. Spence
- Department of Biology Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | | | - Geoffrey D. Smith
- Department of Biology Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA
- Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Susan Durham
- Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Susannah S. French
- Department of Biology Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA
- Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA
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Lin AL, Zhang W, Gao X, Watts L. Caloric restriction increases ketone bodies metabolism and preserves blood flow in aging brain. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2296-2303. [PMID: 25896951 PMCID: PMC4457572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to increase the life span and health span of a broad range of species. However, CR effects on in vivo brain functions are far from explored. In this study, we used multimetric neuroimaging methods to characterize the CR-induced changes of brain metabolic and vascular functions in aging rats. We found that old rats (24 months of age) with CR diet had reduced glucose uptake and lactate concentration, but increased ketone bodies level, compared with the age-matched and young (5 months of age) controls. The shifted metabolism was associated with preserved vascular function: old CR rats also had maintained cerebral blood flow relative to the age-matched controls. When investigating the metabolites in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, we found that citrate and α-ketoglutarate were preserved in the old CR rats. We suggest that CR is neuroprotective; ketone bodies, cerebral blood flow, and α-ketoglutarate may play important roles in preserving brain physiology in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Lin
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Institutional Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lora Watts
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Volicer L, Stets K. Acceptability of an Advance Directive That Limits Food and Liquids in Advanced Dementia. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2014; 33:55-63. [DOI: 10.1177/1049909114554078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some individuals fear living with advanced dementia and may even commit suicide if they receive dementia diagnosis. Living with advanced dementia could be prevented if a person who cannot feed himself or herself would not be fed by others. The purpose of the study was to find out how acceptable would be an advance directive that includes discontinuation of feeding at certain stage of dementia for relatives of persons who died with dementia. All participants of 2 focus groups would be willing to indicate at least 1 condition in which they would not want to be fed. Some of them would be willing to make a proxy decision to stop feeding in the absence of advance directives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Volicer
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Karen Stets
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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