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Vidal PM, Brockie S, Farkas C, Hong J, Zhou C, Fehlings MG. Neuromotor decline is associated with gut dysbiosis following surgical decompression for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 200:106640. [PMID: 39159895 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) describes a spectrum of disorders that cause progressive and chronic cervical spinal cord compression. The clinical presentation can be complex and can include locomotor impairment, hand and upper extremity dysfunction, pain, loss of bladder and bowel function, as well as gastrointestinal dysfunction. Once diagnosed, surgical decompression is the recommended treatment for DCM patients with moderate to severe impairment. Our body is composed of a large community of microorganisms, known as the microbiota. Traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can induce changes in the gut microbiota and gut microbiota derived metabolites. These changes have been reported as important disease-modifying factors after injury. However, whether gut dysbiosis is associated with functional neurological recovery after surgical decompression has not been examined to date. Here, DCM was induced in C57BL/6 mice by implanting an aromatic polyether material underneath the C5-6 laminae. The extent of gut dysbiosis was assessed by gas chromatography and 16S rRNA sequencing from fecal samples before and after decompression. Neuromotor activity was assessed using the Catwalk test. Our results show that DCM pre- and post- surgical decompression is associated with gut dysbiosis, without altering short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels. Significant differences in Clostridia, Verrumicrobiae, Lachnospiracea, Firmicutes, Bacteroidales, and Clostridiaceae were observed between the DCM group (before decompression) and after surgical decompression (2 and 5 weeks). The changes in gut microbiota composition correlated with locomotor features of the Catwalk. For example, a longer duration of ground contact and dysfunctional swing in the forelimbs, were positively correlated with gut dysbiosis. These results show for the first time an association between gut dysbiosis and locomotor deterioration after delayed surgical decompression. Thus, providing a better understanding of the extent of changes in microbiota composition in the setting of DCM pre- and post- surgical decompression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia M Vidal
- Neuroimmunology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Sydney Brockie
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos Farkas
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - James Hong
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Spinal Program, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Ullah H, Arbab S, Tian Y, Chen Y, Liu CQ, Li Q, Li K. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and host immune system and its response to traumatic injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1413485. [PMID: 39144142 PMCID: PMC11321976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1413485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Millions of microorganisms make up the complex microbial ecosystem found in the human gut. The immune system's interaction with the gut microbiota is essential for preventing inflammation and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Numerous metabolic products that can cross-talk between immune cells and the gut epithelium are metabolized by the gut microbiota. Traumatic injury elicits a great and multifaceted immune response in the minutes after the initial offense, containing simultaneous pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. The development of innovative therapies that improve patient outcomes depends on the gut microbiota and immunological responses to trauma. The altered makeup of gut microbes, or gut dysbiosis, can also dysregulate immunological responses, resulting in inflammation. Major human diseases may become more common as a result of chronic dysbiosis and the translocation of bacteria and the products of their metabolism beyond the mucosal barrier. In this review, we briefly summarize the interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system and human disease and their therapeutic probiotic formulations. We also discuss the immune response to traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Ullah
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Safia Arbab
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yali Tian
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang-qing Liu
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qijie Li
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ka Li
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Hamilton AM, Blackmer-Raynolds L, Li Y, Kelly S, Kebede N, Williams A, Chang J, Garraway SM, Srinivasan S, Sampson TR. Diet-microbiome interactions promote enteric nervous system resilience following spinal cord injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597793. [PMID: 38895207 PMCID: PMC11185755 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a plethora of physiological dysfunctions across all body systems, including intestinal dysmotility and atrophy of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Typically, the ENS has capacity to recover from perturbation, so it is unclear why intestinal pathophysiologies persist after traumatic spinal injury. With emerging evidence demonstrating SCI-induced alterations to the gut microbiome composition, we hypothesized that modulation of the gut microbiome could contribute to enteric nervous system recovery after injury. Here, we show that intervention with the dietary fiber, inulin prevents ENS atrophy and limits SCI-induced intestinal dysmotility in mice. However, SCI-associated microbiomes and exposure to specific SCI-sensitive gut microbes are not sufficient to modulate injury-induced intestinal dysmotility. Intervention with microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites prevents ENS dysfunctions and phenocopies inulin treatment in injured mice, implicating these microbiome metabolites in protection of the ENS. Notably, inulin-mediated resilience is dependent on signaling by the cytokine IL-10, highlighting a critical diet-microbiome-immune axis that promotes ENS resilience following SCI. Overall, we demonstrate that diet and microbially-derived signals distinctly impact recovery of the ENS after traumatic spinal injury. This protective diet-microbiome-immune axis may represent a foundation to uncover etiological mechanisms and future therapeutics for SCI-induced neurogenic bowel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Hamilton
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | | | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Sean Kelly
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Nardos Kebede
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Anna Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Jianjun Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Sandra M. Garraway
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Timothy R. Sampson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
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Cui Y, Liu J, Lei X, Liu S, Chen H, Wei Z, Li H, Yang Y, Zheng C, Li Z. Dual-directional regulation of spinal cord injury and the gut microbiota. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:548-556. [PMID: 37721283 PMCID: PMC10581592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota affects the incidence and progression of central nervous system diseases via the brain-gut axis. The spinal cord is a vital important part of the central nervous system; however, the underlying association between spinal cord injury and gut interactions remains unknown. Recent studies suggest that patients with spinal cord injury frequently experience intestinal dysfunction and gut dysbiosis. Alterations in the gut microbiota can cause disruption in the intestinal barrier and trigger neurogenic inflammatory responses which may impede recovery after spinal cord injury. This review summarizes existing clinical and basic research on the relationship between the gut microbiota and spinal cord injury. Our research identified three key points. First, the gut microbiota in patients with spinal cord injury presents a key characteristic and gut dysbiosis may profoundly influence multiple organs and systems in patients with spinal cord injury. Second, following spinal cord injury, weakened intestinal peristalsis, prolonged intestinal transport time, and immune dysfunction of the intestine caused by abnormal autonomic nerve function, as well as frequent antibiotic treatment, may induce gut dysbiosis. Third, the gut microbiota and associated metabolites may act on central neurons and affect recovery after spinal cord injury; cytokines and the Toll-like receptor ligand pathways have been identified as crucial mechanisms in the communication between the gut microbiota and central nervous system. Fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, dietary interventions, and other therapies have been shown to serve a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury by modulating the gut microbiota. Therapies targeting the gut microbiota or associated metabolites are a promising approach to promote functional recovery and improve the complications of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Cui
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- International Cooperation and Exchange Office, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- International Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Wu X, Li Y, Shang Y, Wang W, Wu L, Han L, Wang Q, Wang Z, Xu H, Liu W. Application of two-dimensional polymerase chain reaction to detect four types of microorganisms in feces for assisted diagnosis of IBD. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 555:117802. [PMID: 38281660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to increase annually, accounting for about 6.8 million cases in 2017 worldwide. However, there is currently no gold standard for the diagnosis of IBD. METHODS A method for the detection of four microorganisms in feces by two-dimensional polymerase chain reaction (2D-PCR) has been developed. Plasmids were used to validate the sensitivity and specificity of the method. Clinical samples were tested using a 2D-PCR method. Optimal diagnostic thresholds for IBD were determined based on ROC results. RESULTS Of the 112 samples, 78 were from IBD patients and 34 from patients with other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Thomasclavelia ramosum and univ907-1062 positivity are necessary, and two or more positives of the three bacteria (Thomasclavelia spiroforme, Thomasclavelia saccharogumia or Clostridium cluster XVIII) are the optimal diagnostic thresholds for IBD. The area under the curve was 0.826 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.735-0.981 and a p-value of 0.000, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.769 and a specificity of 0.853. CONCLUSIONS Based on the detection results of microorganisms, IBD and GI can be effectively distinguished. The detection of four microorganisms in feces can assist clinicians in the differential diagnosis of IBD. Our experiment aims to provide a better program for early clinical diagnosis and regular dynamic monitoring of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Yuanjiang Shang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lixia Wu
- Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Lin Han
- Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, China.
| | - Zhujian Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Xi D, Liu P, Feng Y, Teng Y, Liang Y, Zhou J, Deng H, Zeng G, Zong S. Fecal microbiota transplantation regulates the microbiota-gut-spinal cord axis to promote recovery after spinal cord injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111212. [PMID: 37979452 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is devastating for patients, and currently lacks effective treatments. Dysbiosis commonly occurs after SCI and has significant immunomodulatory effects, but its impact on recovery remains unclear. The current study investigated the effects and mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in SCI. FMT was administered in a rat model of SCI and spinal pathology, inflammatory cytokines, and gut microbiome composition were assessed. Flow cytometry identified a source of interleukin (IL)-17 in spinal cord tissues, and carboxyfluorescein succimidyl ester labeling tracked γδ T cell migration. In vitro coculture was used to analyze the regulatory mechanisms of γδ T cells. Seahorse analysis was used to profile dendritic cell (DC) metabolism. Here we show that FMT improved spinal pathology and dampened post-injury inflammation. It also corrected post-SCI dysbiosis, increasing levels of the beneficial bacterium Akkermansia. The therapeutic effects of FMT were mediated by IL-17 produced by γδ T cells. FMT regulated γδ T cells via DC-T regulatory cell interaction, and induced metabolic reprogramming in DCs. These findings suggest that FMT represents a promising therapeutic approach for SCI, with potential to target IL-17+ γδ T cells. Elucidating the interconnected pathways between microbiota, immunity, and the spinal cord may facilitate novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuang Xi
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, He-nan, China
| | - Yanbing Feng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yilin Teng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- College of Public Hygiene of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shaohui Zong
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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DiSabato DJ, Marion CM, Mifflin KA, Alfredo AN, Rodgers KA, Kigerl KA, Popovich PG, McTigue DM. System failure: Systemic inflammation following spinal cord injury. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250274. [PMID: 37822141 PMCID: PMC10919103 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects hundreds of thousands of people in the United States, and while some effects of the injury are broadly recognized (deficits to locomotion, fine motor control, and quality of life), the systemic consequences of SCI are less well-known. The spinal cord regulates systemic immunological and visceral functions; this control is often disrupted by the injury, resulting in viscera including the gut, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and kidneys experiencing local tissue inflammation and physiological dysfunction. The extent of pathology depends on the injury level, severity, and time post-injury. In this review, we describe immunological and metabolic consequences of SCI across several organs. Since infection and metabolic disorders are primary reasons for reduced lifespan after SCI, it is imperative that research continues to focus on these deleterious aspects of SCI to improve life span and quality of life for individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon J. DiSabato
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina M. Marion
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine A. Mifflin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony N. Alfredo
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyleigh A. Rodgers
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristina A. Kigerl
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Phillip G. Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dana M. McTigue
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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8
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Zhao S, Tang C, Weinberger J, Gao D, Hou S. Sprouting of afferent and efferent inputs to pelvic organs after spinal cord injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 83:20-29. [PMID: 38102789 PMCID: PMC10746698 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural plasticity occurs within the central and peripheral nervous systems after spinal cord injury (SCI). Although central alterations have extensively been studied, it is largely unknown whether afferent and efferent fibers in pelvic viscera undergo similar morphological changes. Using a rat spinal cord transection model, we conducted immunohistochemistry to investigate afferent and efferent innervations to the kidney, colon, and bladder. Approximately 3-4 weeks after injury, immunostaining demonstrated that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-labeled postganglionic sympathetic fibers and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive sensory terminals sprout in the renal pelvis and colon. Morphologically, sprouted afferent or efferent projections showed a disorganized structure. In the bladder, however, denser CGRP-positive primary sensory fibers emerged in rats with SCI, whereas TH-positive sympathetic efferent fibers did not change. Numerous CGRP-positive afferents were observed in the muscle layer and the lamina propria of the bladder following SCI. TH-positive efferent inputs displayed hypertrophy with large diameters, but their innervation patterns were sustained. Collectively, afferent or efferent inputs sprout widely in the pelvic organs after SCI, which may be one of the morphological bases underlying functional adaptation or maladaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University College of Medicine, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Department of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jeremy Weinberger
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoping Hou
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University College of Medicine, USA
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Guha L, Agnihotri TG, Jain A, Kumar H. Gut microbiota and traumatic central nervous system injuries: Insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches. Life Sci 2023; 334:122193. [PMID: 37865177 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury are two distinct but fundamentally similar types of acute insults to the central nervous system (CNS) that often culminate in death or cognitive and motor impairment. Over the past decade, researchers have tapped into research to discover the potential role being played by gut bacteria in CNS. After an acute CNS injury, the altered composition of the gut microbiota disturbs the balance of the bidirectional gut-brain axis, aggravating secondary CNS injury, motor dysfunctions, and cognitive deficits, which worsens the patient's prognosis. Some of the well-known therapeutic interventions which can also be used as adjuvant therapy for alleviating CNS injuries include, the use of pro and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and microbial engineering. In this review, we aim to discuss the importance of gut microbes in our nervous system, anatomy, and signaling pathways involved in regulating the gut-brain axis, the alteration of the gut microbiome in CNS injuries, and the therapeutic strategies to target gut microbiomes in traumatic CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahanya Guha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Tejas Girish Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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10
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Farkas C, Retamal-Fredes E, Ávila A, Fehlings MG, Vidal PM. Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy induces sex-specific dysbiosis in mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1229783. [PMID: 37928672 PMCID: PMC10623434 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1229783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of spinal cord impairment in elderly populations. It describes a spectrum of disorders that cause progressive spinal cord compression, neurological impairment, loss of bladder and bowel functions, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. The gut microbiota has been recognized as an environmental factor that can modulate both the function of the central nervous system and the immune response through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Changes in gut microbiota composition or microbiota-producing factors have been linked to the progression and development of several pathologies. However, little is known about the potential role of the gut microbiota in the pathobiology of DCM. Here, DCM was induced in C57BL/6 mice by implanting an aromatic polyether material underneath the C5-6 laminae. The extent of DCM-induced changes in microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing of the fecal samples. The immune cell composition was assessed using flow cytometry. To date, several bacterial members have been identified using BLAST against the largest collection of metagenome-derived genomes from the mouse gut. In both, female and males DCM caused gut dysbiosis compared to the sham group. However, dysbiosis was more pronounced in males than in females, and several bacterial members of the families Lachnospiraceae and Muribaculaceae were significantly altered in the DCM group. These changes were also associated with altered microbe-derived metabolic changes in propionate-, butyrate-, and lactate-producing bacterial members. Our results demonstrate that DCM causes dynamic changes over time in the gut microbiota, reducing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, and lactate-producing bacteria to a lesser extent. Genome-scale metabolic modeling using gapseq successfully identified pyruvate-to-butanoate and pyruvate-to-propionate reactions involving genes such as Buk and ACH1, respectively. These results provide a better understanding of the sex-specific molecular effects of changes in the gut microbiota on DCM pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Farkas
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo Retamal-Fredes
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariel Ávila
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Spinal Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pia M Vidal
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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11
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Zhang Z, Cheng N, Liang J, Deng Y, Xiang P, Hei Z, Li X. Gut microbiota changes in animal models of spinal cord injury: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2023; 55:2269379. [PMID: 37851840 PMCID: PMC10586076 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2269379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies show that the intestinal flora is closely related to spinal cord injury. Many researchers are exploring the changes in the richness, diversity, and evenness of intestinal flora in spinal cord injury animal models to identify the characteristic bacteria. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using three databases: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. A meta-analysis was performed using R 4.3.1 to evaluate the comparison of microbiota diversity, richness, and evenness and the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota in animals with spinal cord injury and blank controls. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, of which 12 involved gut microbiota distribution indicators and 11 included intestinal microflora relative abundance indicators. Meta-analysis of high-dimensional indicators describing the distribution of the gut microbiota identified a substantial decline in the evenness and richness of the intestinal flora. In addition, the Actinobacteria phylum and Erysipelotrichales and Clostridiales orders were significantly different between the spinal cord injury and sham groups; therefore, they may be the characteristic bacteria in spinal cord injury models. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggested that the gut microbiota in the spinal cord injury animal model group was altered compared with that in the control group, with varying degrees of changes in richness and evenness and potentially pathogenic characteristic flora. More rigorous methodological studies are needed because of the high heterogeneity and limited sample size. Further research is needed to clinically apply intestinal microbiota and potentially guide fecal microbiota transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfen Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Medical Quality Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Huang R, Yao Y, Tong X, Wang L, Qian W, Lu J, Zhang W, Liu Y, Wang S, Xian S, Zhu Y, Huang J, Guo X, Gu M, Lv H, Bi W, Meng C, Chang Z, Zhang J, Xu D, Ji S. Tracing the evolving dynamics and research hotspots of microbiota and immune microenvironment from the past to the new era. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0013523. [PMID: 37768071 PMCID: PMC10581186 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00135-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota can regulate many physiological processes within gastrointestinal tract and other distal sites. Dysbiosis may not only influence chronic diseases like the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), metabolic disease, tumor and its therapeutic efficacy, but also deteriorate acute injuries. This article aims to review the documents in this field and summarize the research hotspots as well as developing processes. Gut microbiota and immune microenvironment-related documents from 1976 to 2022 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometrics was used to assess the core authors and journals, most contributive countries and affiliations together with hotspots in this field and keyword co-occurrence analysis. Data were visualized to help comprehension. Nine hundred and twelve documents about gut microbiota and immune microenvironment were retrieved, and the annual publications increased gradually. The most productive author, country, and affiliation were "Zitvogel L," USA and "UNIV TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANC CTR," respectively. FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY, CANCERS, and INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCE were the periodicals with most publications. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified three clusters, including gut microbiota, inflammation, and IBD. Combined with the visualized analysis of documents and keyword co-occurrence as well as literature reading, we recognized three key topics of gut microbiota: cancer and therapy; immunity, inflammation and IBD; acute injuries and metabolic diseases. This article revealed researches on gut microbiota and immune microenvironment were growing. More attention should be given to the latest hotspots like gut microbiota, inflammation, IBD, cancer and immunotherapy, acute traumas, and metabolic diseases.IMPORTANCEGut microbiota can regulate many physiological processes within gastrointestinal tract and other distal sites. Dysbiosis may not only influence chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), metabolic disease, tumor and its therapeutic efficacy, but also deteriorate acute injuries. While the application of bibliometrics in the field of gut microbiota and immune microenvironment still remains blank, which focused more on the regulation of the gut microbiota on the immune microenvironment of different kinds of diseases. Here, we intended to review and summarize the presented documents in gut microbiota and immune microenvironment field by bibliometrics. And we revealed researches on gut microbiota and immune microenvironment were growing. More attention should be given to the latest hotspots like gut microbiota, inflammation, IBD, cancer and immunotherapy, acute traumas, and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, and Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuntao Yao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xirui Tong
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, and Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijin Qian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyu Lu
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, and Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, and Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushu Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, and Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, and Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinya Guo
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, and Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyi Gu
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, and Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanlin Lv
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenshuai Bi
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenwei Meng
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyan Chang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dayuan Xu
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, and Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhao Ji
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, and Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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13
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Hamad I, Van Broeckhoven J, Cardilli A, Hellings N, Strowig T, Lemmens S, Hendrix S, Kleinewietfeld M. Effects of Recombinant IL-13 Treatment on Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Recovery after Hemisection Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4184. [PMID: 37836468 PMCID: PMC10574124 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the gut-central nervous system axis has emerged as a key factor in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI). Interleukin-13 (IL-13) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in SCI. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in microbiota composition after hemisection injury and to determine whether systemic recombinant (r)IL-13 treatment could alter the gut microbiome, indirectly promoting functional recovery. The gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and correlations between gut microbiota alterations and functional recovery were assessed. Our results showed that there were no changes in alpha diversity between the groups before and after SCI, while PERMANOVA analysis for beta diversity showed significant differences in fecal microbial communities. Phylogenetic classification of bacterial families revealed a lower abundance of the Bacteroidales S24-7 group and a higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae in the post-SCI group. Systemic rIL-13 treatment improved functional recovery 28 days post-injury and microbiota analysis revealed increased relative abundance of Clostridiales vadin BB60 and Acetitomaculum and decreased Anaeroplasma, Ruminiclostridium_6, and Ruminococcus compared to controls. Functional assessment with PICRUSt showed that genes related to glyoxylate cycle and palmitoleate biosynthesis-I were the predominant signatures in the rIL-13-treated group, whereas sulfolactate degradation super pathway and formaldehyde assimilation-I were enriched in controls. In conclusion, our results indicate that rIL-13 treatment promotes changes in gut microbial communities and may thereby contribute indirectly to the improvement of functional recovery in mice, possibly having important implications for the development of novel treatment options for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Hamad
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium (A.C.)
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Jana Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Alessio Cardilli
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium (A.C.)
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Niels Hellings
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lemmens
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium (A.C.)
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (N.H.)
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14
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Munley JA, Kirkpatrick SL, Gillies GS, Bible LE, Efron PA, Nagpal R, Mohr AM. The Intestinal Microbiome after Traumatic Injury. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1990. [PMID: 37630549 PMCID: PMC10459834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome plays a critical role in host immune function and homeostasis. Patients suffering from-as well as models representing-multiple traumatic injuries, isolated organ system trauma, and various severities of traumatic injury have been studied as an area of interest in the dysregulation of immune function and systemic inflammation which occur after trauma. These studies also demonstrate changes in gut microbiome diversity and even microbial composition, with a transition to a pathobiome state. In addition, sex has been identified as a biological variable influencing alterations in the microbiome after trauma. Therapeutics such as fecal transplantation have been utilized to ameliorate not only these microbiome changes but may also play a role in recovery postinjury. This review summarizes the alterations in the gut microbiome that occur postinjury, either in isolated injury or multiple injuries, along with proposed mechanisms for these changes and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Munley
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Stacey L. Kirkpatrick
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Gwendolyn S. Gillies
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Letitia E. Bible
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Philip A. Efron
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University College of Health and Human Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Alicia M. Mohr
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
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15
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McMillan DW, Bigford GE, Farkas GJ. The Physiology of Neurogenic Obesity: Lessons from Spinal Cord Injury Research. Obes Facts 2023; 16:313-325. [PMID: 37231872 PMCID: PMC10427964 DOI: 10.1159/000530888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A spinal cord injury (SCI) from trauma or disease impairs sensorimotor pathways in somatic and autonomic divisions of the nervous system, affecting multiple body systems. Improved medical practices have increased survivability and life expectancy after SCI, allowing for the development of extensive metabolic comorbidities and profound changes in body composition that culminate in prevalent obesity. SUMMARY Obesity is the most common cardiometabolic component risk in people living with SCI, with a diagnostic body mass index cutoff of 22 kg/m2 to account for a phenotype of high adiposity and low lean mass. The metameric organization of specific divisions of the nervous system results in level-dependent pathology, with resulting sympathetic decentralization altering physiological functions such as lipolysis, hepatic lipoprotein metabolism, dietary fat absorption, and neuroendocrine signaling. In this manner, SCI provides a unique opportunity to study in vivo the "neurogenic" components of certain pathologies that otherwise are not readily observable in other populations. We discuss the unique physiology of neurogenic obesity after SCI, including the altered functions mentioned above as well as structural changes such as reduced skeletal muscle and bone mass and increased lipid deposition in the adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, bone marrow, and liver. KEY MESSAGE The study of neurogenic obesity after SCI gives us a unique neurological perspective on the physiology of obesity. The lessons learned from this field can guide future research and advancements to inform the study of obesity in persons with and without SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. McMillan
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis at UHealth/Jackson Memorial, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gregory E. Bigford
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis at UHealth/Jackson Memorial, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gary J. Farkas
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis at UHealth/Jackson Memorial, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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16
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Liu P, Liu M, Xi D, Bai Y, Ma R, Mo Y, Zeng G, Zong S. Short-chain fatty acids ameliorate spinal cord injury recovery by regulating the balance of regulatory T cells and effector IL-17 + γδ T cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:312-325. [PMID: 37056207 PMCID: PMC10106403 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunctions. The gut microbiome has an important role in SCI, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one of the main bioactive mediators of microbiota. In the present study, we explored the effects of oral administration of exogenous SCFAs on the recovery of locomotor function and tissue repair in SCI. Allen's method was utilized to establish an SCI model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The animals received water containing a mixture of 150 mmol/L SCFAs after SCI. After 21 d of treatment, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score increased, the regularity index improved, and the base of support (BOS) value declined. Spinal cord tissue inflammatory infiltration was alleviated, the spinal cord necrosis cavity was reduced, and the numbers of motor neurons and Nissl bodies were elevated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunohistochemistry assay revealed that the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 increased and that of IL-17 decreased in the spinal cord. SCFAs promoted gut homeostasis, induced intestinal T cells to shift toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and promoted regulatory T (Treg) cells to secrete IL-10, affecting Treg cells and IL-17+ γδ T cells in the spinal cord. Furthermore, we observed that Treg cells migrated from the gut to the spinal cord region after SCI. The above findings confirm that SCFAs can regulate Treg cells in the gut and affect the balance of Treg and IL-17+ γδ T cells in the spinal cord, which inhibits the inflammatory response and promotes the motor function in SCI rats. Our findings suggest that there is a relationship among gut, spinal cord, and immune cells, and the "gut-spinal cord-immune" axis may be one of the mechanisms regulating neural repair after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Department of Spine Osteopathic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Mingfu Liu
- Department of Spine Osteopathic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Deshuang Xi
- Department of Spine Osteopathic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yiguang Bai
- Department of Spine Osteopathic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanchong Central Hosipital, the Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Ruixin Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yaomin Mo
- Department of Spine Osteopathic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- College of Public Hygiene of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Shaohui Zong
- Department of Spine Osteopathic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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17
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Kong G, Zhang W, Zhang S, Chen J, He K, Zhang C, Yuan X, Xie B. The gut microbiota and metabolite profiles are altered in patients with spinal cord injury. Mol Brain 2023; 16:26. [PMID: 36803646 PMCID: PMC9940348 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolites secreted by the gut microbiota may play an essential role in microbiota-gut-central nervous system crosstalk. In this study, we explored the changes occurring in the gut microbiota and their metabolites in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and analyzed the correlations among them. METHODS The structure and composition of the gut microbiota derived from fecal samples collected from patients with SCI (n = 11) and matched control individuals (n = 10) were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, an untargeted metabolomics approach was used to compare the serum metabolite profiles of both groups. Meanwhile, the association among serum metabolites, the gut microbiota, and clinical parameters (including injury duration and neurological grade) was also analyzed. Finally, metabolites with the potential for use in the treatment of SCI were identified based on the differential metabolite abundance analysis. RESULTS The composition of the gut microbiota was different between patients with SCI and healthy controls. At the genus level, compared with the control group, the abundance of UBA1819, Anaerostignum, Eggerthella, and Enterococcus was significantly increased in the SCI group, whereas that of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Escherichia-Shigella, Agathobacter, Collinsella, Dorea, Ruminococcus, Fusicatenibacter, and Eubacterium was decreased. Forty-one named metabolites displayed significant differential abundance between SCI patients and healthy controls, including 18 that were upregulated and 23 that were downregulated. Correlation analysis further indicated that the variation in gut microbiota abundance was associated with changes in serum metabolite levels, suggesting that gut dysbiosis is an important cause of metabolic disorders in SCI. Finally, gut dysbiosis and serum metabolite dysregulation was found to be associated with injury duration and severity of motor dysfunction after SCI. CONCLUSIONS We present a comprehensive landscape of the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in patients with SCI and provide evidence that their interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of SCI. Furthermore, our findings suggested that uridine, hypoxanthine, PC(18:2/0:0), and kojic acid may be important therapeutic targets for the treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kejun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Changming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bazhong Central Hospital, Bazhong, China
| | - Baoshu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Yu H, Li XX, Han X, Chen BX, Zhang XH, Gao S, Xu DQ, Wang Y, Gao ZK, Yu L, Zhu SL, Yao LC, Liu GR, Liu SL, Mu XQ. Fecal microbiota transplantation inhibits colorectal cancer progression: Reversing intestinal microbial dysbiosis to enhance anti-cancer immune responses. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126808. [PMID: 37143538 PMCID: PMC10151806 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many lines of evidence demonstrate the associations of colorectal cancer (CRC) with intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Recent reports have suggested that maintaining the homeostasis of microbiota and host might be beneficial to CRC patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a CRC mouse model of microbial dysbiosis and evaluated the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on CRC progression. Azomethane and dextran sodium sulfate were used to induce CRC and microbial dysbiosis in mice. Intestinal microbes from healthy mice were transferred to CRC mice by enema. The vastly disordered gut microbiota of CRC mice was largely reversed by FMT. Intestinal microbiota from normal mice effectively suppressed cancer progression as assessed by measuring the diameter and number of cancerous foci and significantly prolonged survival of the CRC mice. In the intestine of mice that had received FMT, there were massive infiltration of immune cells, including CD8+ T and CD49b+ NK, which is able to directly kill cancer cells. Moreover, the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, Foxp3+ Treg cells, seen in the CRC mice was much reduced after FMT. Additionally, FMT regulated the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in CRC mice, including down-regulation of IL1a, IL6, IL12a, IL12b, IL17a, and elevation of IL10. These cytokines were positively correlated with Azospirillum_sp._47_25, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, the E. coli complex, Akkermansia, Turicibacter, and negatively correlated with Muribaculum, Anaeroplasma, Candidatus_Arthromitus, and Candidatus Saccharimonas. Furthermore, the repressed expressions of TGFb, STAT3 and elevated expressions of TNFa, IFNg, CXCR4 together promoted the anti-cancer efficacy. Their expressions were positively correlated with Odoribacter, Lachnospiraceae-UCG-006, Desulfovibrio, and negatively correlated with Alloprevotella, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminiclostridium, Prevotellaceae UCG-001 and Oscillibacter. Our studies indicate that FMT inhibits the development of CRC by reversing gut microbial disorder, ameliorating excessive intestinal inflammation and cooperating with anti-cancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xing-Xiu Li
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Han
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bin-Xin Chen
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing-Hua Zhang
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Pathology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dan-Qi Xu
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhan-Kui Gao
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Song-Ling Zhu
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li-Chen Yao
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
| | - Gui-Rong Liu
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Qin Mu, ; Shu-Lin Liu, ; Gui-Rong Liu,
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Qin Mu, ; Shu-Lin Liu, ; Gui-Rong Liu,
| | - Xiao-Qin Mu
- Genomics Research Center (Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical, University, Harbin, China
- HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Qin Mu, ; Shu-Lin Liu, ; Gui-Rong Liu,
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19
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Chiu LS, Anderton RS. The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in long-term neurodegenerative processes following traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:400-418. [PMID: 36494087 PMCID: PMC10107147 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be a devastating and debilitating disease to endure. Due to improvements in clinical practice, declining mortality rates have led to research into the long-term consequences of TBI. For example, the incidence and severity of TBI have been associated with an increased susceptibility of developing neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms linking this alarming association are yet to be fully understood. Recently, there has been a groundswell of evidence implicating the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Interestingly, survivors of TBI often report gastrointestinal complaints and animal studies have demonstrated gastrointestinal dysfunction and dysbiosis following injury. Autonomic dysregulation and chronic inflammation appear to be the main driver of these pathologies. Consequently, this review will explore the potential role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of neurodegenerative diseases following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shan Chiu
- School of Medicine, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
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20
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Implications of microglial heterogeneity in spinal cord injury progression and therapy. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114239. [PMID: 36216123 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS), where they aid in the maintenance of neuronal function and perform key auxiliary roles in phagocytosis, neural repair, immunological control, and nutrition delivery. Microglia in the undamaged spinal cord is in a stable state and serve as immune monitors. In the event of spinal cord injury (SCI), severe changes in the microenvironment and glial scar formation lead to axonal regeneration failure. Microglia participates in a series of pathophysiological processes and behave both positive and negative consequences during this period. A deep understanding of the characteristics and functions of microglia can better identify therapeutic targets for SCI. Technological innovations such as single-cell RNA sequencing (Sc-RNAseq) have led to new advances in the study of microglia heterogeneity throughout the lifespan. Here,We review the updated studies searching for heterogeneity of microglia from the developmental and pathological state, survey the activity and function of microglia in SCI and explore the recent therapeutic strategies targeting microglia in the CNS injury.
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21
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Willman J, Willman M, Reddy R, Fusco A, Sriram S, Mehkri Y, Charles J, Goeckeritz J, Lucke-Wold B. Gut microbiome and neurosurgery: Implications for treatment. CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL DISCOVERY 2022; 2:e139. [PMID: 36268259 PMCID: PMC9577538 DOI: 10.1002/ctd2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the gut-brain axis (GBA), its impact on neurosurgery, and its implications for future treatment. Background An abundance of research has established the existence of a collection of pathways between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), commonly known as the GBA. Complicating this relationship, the gut microbiome bacterial diversity appears to change with age, antibiotic exposure and a number of external and internal factors. Methods In this paper, we present the current understanding of the key protective and deleterious roles the gut microbiome plays in the pathogenesis of several common neurosurgical concerns. Results Specifically, we examine how spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury and stroke may cause gut microbial dysbiosis. Furthermore, this link appears to be bidirectional as gut dysbiosis contributes to secondary CNS injury in each of these ailment settings. This toxic cycle may be broken, and the future secondary damage rescued by timely, therapeutic, gut microbiome modification. In addition, a robust gut microbiome appears to improve outcomes in brain tumour treatment. There are several primary routes by which microbiome dysbiosis may be ameliorated, including faecal microbiota transplant, oral probiotics, bacteriophages, genetic modification of gut microbiota and vagus nerve stimulation. Conclusion The GBA represents an important component of patient care in the field of neurosurgery. Future research may illuminate ideal methods of therapeutic microbiome modulation in distinct pathogenic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Willman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew Willman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ramya Reddy
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anna Fusco
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sai Sriram
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yusuf Mehkri
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jude Charles
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joel Goeckeritz
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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22
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O'Connor G, Quintero MA, Deo SK, Abreu MT, Daunert S. Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules in Serum: A Potential Tool for Crohn's Disease Management. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00547. [PMID: 36413804 PMCID: PMC9780115 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an idiopathic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract with the primary method of diagnosis and follow-up being colonoscopy. A disturbed host-microbiome interaction, including the presence of pathobionts, is implicated in initiation and perpetuation of inflammation. As such, we hypothesized that bacterial quorum-sensing (QS) molecules (QSMs), small molecules bacteria generate to regulate gene expression, would be elevated in patients with CD. We collected serum at the time of colonoscopy from patients with CD and healthy controls, determining through biosensors for QSMs that patients with CD had significantly elevated levels of QSMs in serum. Expansion of these studies may allow for QSM levels in serum to serve as a biomarker for intestinal inflammation in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory O'Connor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria A. Quintero
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sapna K. Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria T. Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- University of Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Miami, Florida, USA
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23
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Zhang Y, Lang R, Guo S, Luo X, Li H, Liu C, Dong W, Bao C, Yu Y. Intestinal microbiota and melatonin in the treatment of secondary injury and complications after spinal cord injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:981772. [PMID: 36440294 PMCID: PMC9682189 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.981772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease that can cause sensory and motor impairment below the level of injury. Currently, the treatment scheme for SCI mainly focuses on secondary injury and complications. Recent studies have shown that SCI leads to an imbalance of intestinal microbiota and the imbalance is also associated with complications after SCI, possibly through the microbial-brain-gut axis. Melatonin is secreted in many parts of the body including pineal gland and gut, effectively protecting the spinal cord from secondary damage. The secretion of melatonin is affected by circadian rhythms, known as the dark light cycle, and SCI would also cause dysregulation of melatonin secretion. In addition, melatonin is closely related to the intestinal microbiota, which protects the barrier function of the gut through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and increases the abundance of intestinal microbiota by influencing the metabolism of the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota can influence melatonin formation by regulating tryptophan and serotonin metabolism. This paper summarizes and reviews the knowledge on the relationship among intestinal microbiota, melatonin, and SCI in recent years, to provide new theories and ideas for clinical research related to SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shunyu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cencen Liu
- Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Zhongjiang County, Deyang, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Changshun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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24
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Smith AM, Welch BA, Harris KK, Garrett MR, Grayson BE. Nutrient composition influences the gut microbiota in chronic thoracic spinal cord-injured rats. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:402-415. [PMID: 36036458 PMCID: PMC9576181 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00037.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in an increased predisposition to various metabolic problems that can be exacerbated by consuming a diet rich in calories and saturated fat. In addition, gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported after SCI, including intestinal dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. The effects of both diet and SCI on the gut microbiome of adult male Long Evans rats euthanized 16 wk after injury were investigated. The rats were either thoracic spinal contused or received sham procedures. After 12 wk of either a low-fat or high-fat diet, cecal contents were analyzed, revealing significant microbial changes to every taxonomic level below the kingdom level. Shannon α diversity analyses demonstrated a significant difference in diversity between the groups based on the surgical condition of the rats. SCI produced a unique signature of changes in commensal bacteria that were significantly different than Sham. Specific changes in commensal bacteria as a result of diet manipulation had high fidelity with reports in the literature, such as Clostridia, Thiohalorhabdales, and Pseudomonadales. In addition, novel changes in commensal bacteria were identified that are unique dietary influences on SCI. Linear regression analysis on body fat and lean mass showed that a consequence of chronic SCI produces uncoupled associations between some commensal bacteria and body composition. In conclusion, despite tightly controlling the protein content and varying the carbohydrate and fat contents, Sham and SCI rats respond uniquely to diet. These data provide potential direction for therapeutic modulation of the microbiome to improve health and wellness following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie M Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bradley A Welch
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kwamie K Harris
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bernadette E Grayson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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25
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Terhune EA, Monley AM, Cuevas MT, Wethey CI, Gray RS, Hadley-Miller N. Genetic animal modeling for idiopathic scoliosis research: history and considerations. Spine Deform 2022; 10:1003-1016. [PMID: 35430722 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-022-00488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is defined as a structural lateral spinal curvature ≥ 10° in otherwise healthy children and is the most common pediatric spinal deformity. IS is known to have a strong genetic component; however, the underlying etiology is still largely unknown. Animal models have been used historically to both understand and develop treatments for human disease, including within the context of IS. This intended audience for this review is clinicians in the fields of musculoskeletal surgery and research. METHODS In this review article, we synthesize current literature of genetic animal models of IS and introduce considerations for researchers. RESULTS Due to complex genetic and unique biomechanical factors (i.e., bipedalism) hypothesized to contribute to IS in humans, scoliosis is a difficult condition to replicate in model organisms. CONCLUSION We advocate careful selection of animal models based on the scientific question and introduce gaps and limitations in the current literature. We advocate future research efforts to include animal models with multiple characterized genetic or environmental perturbations to reflect current understanding of the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Terhune
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Anna M Monley
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Melissa T Cuevas
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cambria I Wethey
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ryan S Gray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nancy Hadley-Miller
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave., P18-3105, MS 8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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26
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Clark A, Zelmanovich R, Hosseini Siyanaki MR, Michel M, Hanna C, Davidson C, Lucke-Wold B. Microbiome and Neurotrauma: Emerging Innovations. NEUROLOGY & NEUROTHERAPY OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL 2022; 7:170. [PMID: 36035066 PMCID: PMC9410620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis plays an important role in bidirectional communication that exists and can be altered by injury. Neurotrauma provides acute alteration in the GI tract and alters autonomic function. In this focused review, we highlight what is known about GI disruption following neurotrauma. We then delve into how this affects recovery. Areas of innovation and emerging pre-clinical results are addressed. Finally, we address the link between neurotrauma induced GI dysfunction and progression to neurodegenerative disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Clark
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - R Zelmanovich
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - M Michel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C Hanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C Davidson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - B Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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27
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He N, Shen G, Jin X, Li H, Wang J, Xu L, Chen J, Cao X, Fu C, Shi D, Song X, Liu S, Li Y, Zhao T, Li J, Zhong J, Shen Y, Zheng M, Chen YY, Wang LL. Resveratrol suppressed microglia activation and promoted functional recovery of traumatic spinal cord via improving intestinal microbiota. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Hamilton AM, Sampson TR. Traumatic spinal cord injury and the contributions of the post-injury microbiome. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 167:251-290. [PMID: 36427958 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries are an enormous burden on injured individuals and their caregivers. The pathophysiological effects of injury are not limited to the spine and limb function, but affect numerous body systems. Growing observations in human studies and experimental models suggest that the gut microbiome is altered following spinal cord injury. Given the importance of signals derived from the gut microbiome for host physiology, it is possible that injury-triggered dysbiosis subsequently affects aspects of recovery. Here, we review emerging literature on the role of the microbiome following spinal cord injury. Specifically, we highlight findings from both human and experimental studies that correlate taxonomic changes to aspects of injury recovery. Examination of both observational and emerging interventional studies supports the notion that future therapeutic avenues for spinal cord injury pathologies may lie at the interface of the host and indigenous microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Hamilton
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Timothy R Sampson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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29
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Takamiya S, Kawabori M, Yamazaki K, Yamaguchi S, Tanimori A, Yamamoto K, Ohnishi S, Seki T, Konno K, Tha KK, Hashimoto D, Watanabe M, Houkin K, Fujimura M. Intravenous transplantation of amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes functional recovery and alleviates intestinal dysfunction after spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270606. [PMID: 35802703 PMCID: PMC9269969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is often accompanied by gastrointestinal dysfunction due to the disconnection of the spinal autonomic nervous system. Gastrointestinal dysfunction reportedly upregulates intestinal permeability, leading to bacterial translocation of the gut microbiome to the systemic circulation, which further activates systemic inflammation, exacerbating neuronal damage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) reportedly ameliorate SCI. Here, we aimed to investigate their effect on the associated gastrointestinal dysfunction. Human amnion-derived MSC (AMSCs) were intravenously transplanted one day after a rat model of midthoracic SCI. Biodistribution of transplanted cells, behavioral assessment, and histological evaluations of the spinal cord and intestine were conducted to elucidate the therapeutic effect of AMSCs. Bacterial translocation of the gut microbiome was examined by in situ hybridization and bacterial culture of the liver. Systemic inflammations were examined by blood cytokines, infiltrating immune cells in the spinal cord, and the size of the peripheral immune tissue. AMSCs released various neurotrophic factors and were mainly distributed in the liver and lung after transplantation. AMSC-transplanted animals showed smaller spinal damage and better neurological recovery with preserved neuronal tract. AMSCs transplantation ameliorated intestinal dysfunction both morphologically and functionally, which prevented translocation of the gut microbiome to the systemic circulation. Systemic inflammations were decreased in animals receiving AMSCs in the chronic phase. Intravenous AMSC administration during the acute phase of SCI rescues both spinal damage and intestinal dysfunction. Reducing bacterial translocation may contribute to decreasing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Takamiya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawabori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamazaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sho Yamaguchi
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Aki Tanimori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Seki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kotaro Konno
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Khin Khin Tha
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daigo Hashimoto
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Houkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miki Fujimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Effects of a Low-carbohydrate/High-protein Diet on Gut Microbiome Composition in Insulin Resistant Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Preliminary Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 103:1269-1278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yuan B, Lu XJ, Wu Q. Gut Microbiota and Acute Central Nervous System Injury: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention. Front Immunol 2022; 12:800796. [PMID: 35003127 PMCID: PMC8740048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI), are the common causes of death or lifelong disabilities. Research into the role of the gut microbiota in modulating CNS function has been rapidly increasing in the past few decades, particularly in animal models. Growing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that gut microbiota is involved in the modulation of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms fundamental to the progression of acute CNS injury-induced pathophysiological processes. The altered composition of gut microbiota after acute CNS injury damages the equilibrium of the bidirectional gut-brain axis, aggravating secondary brain injury, cognitive impairments, and motor dysfunctions, which leads to poor prognosis by triggering pro-inflammatory responses in both peripheral circulation and CNS. This review summarizes the studies concerning gut microbiota and acute CNS injuries. Experimental models identify a bidirectional communication between the gut and CNS in post-injury gut dysbiosis, intestinal lymphatic tissue-mediated neuroinflammation, and bacterial-metabolite-associated neurotransmission. Additionally, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and prebiotics manipulating the gut microbiota can be used as effective therapeutic agents to alleviate secondary brain injury and facilitate functional outcomes. The role of gut microbiota in acute CNS injury would be an exciting frontier in clinical and experimental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Valido E, Bertolo A, Fränkl GP, Itodo OA, Pinheiro T, Pannek J, Kopp-Heim D, Glisic M, Stoyanov J. Systematic review of the changes in the microbiome following spinal cord injury: animal and human evidence. Spinal Cord 2022; 60:288-300. [PMID: 34992210 PMCID: PMC8989678 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Study design Systematic review. Objectives To investigate the changes in the microbiome among human and animal populations with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Four databases (EMBASE, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Trials (CENTRAL)) and Google Scholar were searched. No language restrictions were applied. Data extraction was done in parallel and independently by two reviewers. The search was last conducted on 07 April 2021. Results There were 6869 studies retrieved, 43 full-text studies reviewed, and 19 studies included. There were seven animal gut studies, six human gut studies, and six urinary tract studies identified. There were no publications found on other body sites. Among the included studies, we observed a consistent and significant difference in gut microbiome composition between populations with SCI and able-bodied populations. This is characterized by a decrease in beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria (Faecalbacterium, Megamonas, Roseburia) and an increase in inflammation-associated bacteria (Alistipes, Anaerotruncus, and Lachnoclostridium). On the other hand, the urine of individuals with SCI was polymicrobial and members of Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) were frequently observed. Probiotics were shown to induce a significant but transient shift in the urinary tract microbiome. The studies had low to moderate risks of bias. Conclusions There are limited studies on the changes in microbiome among SCI populations. The gut microbiome was characterized by bacterial profiles associated with chronic inflammation and metabolic disorder while the studies of the urinary tract microbiome show the dominance of bacterial genera associated with urinary tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Valido
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland. .,Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
| | - Alessandro Bertolo
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Bern, Bern Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gion Philip Fränkl
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oche Adam Itodo
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tainá Pinheiro
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Pannek
- Neuro-Urology, Swiss Paraplegic Center, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Doris Kopp-Heim
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Public Health & Primary Care Library, University Library of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Stoyanov
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Li J, Van Der Pol W, Eraslan M, McLain A, Cetin H, Cetin B, Morrow C, Carson T, Yarar-Fisher C. Comparison of the gut microbiome composition among individuals with acute or long-standing spinal cord injury vs. able-bodied controls. J Spinal Cord Med 2022; 45:91-99. [PMID: 32496944 PMCID: PMC8890582 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2020.1769949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Compare the gut microbiome composition among individuals with acute spinal cord injury (A-SCI), long-standing SCI (L-SCI), vs. able-bodied (AB) controls.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: The University of Alabama at Birmingham.Participants: Seven adults with A-SCI (36 ± 12 years, 2F/5M, C4-T10, and American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale [AIS] A-D), 25 with L-SCI (46 ± 13 years, 6F/19M, C4-L1, and AIS A-D), and 25 AB controls (42 ± 13 years, 9F/16M).Methods: Stool samples were collected after a median of 7 days and 18 years after injury in the A-SCI and L-SCI groups, respectively. Gut microbiome composition was analyzed using the 16S rRNA sequencing technique and QIIME software. The abundances of bacteria communities among groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test adjusted for age.Results: Several alpha diversity indices were different among groups (Chao1, Observed species, and Phylogenetic Diversity), but not others (Shannon and Simpson). Beta diversity differed among each pair of groups (P < 0.05). A number of microbial communities were differentially abundant among the groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Our results revealed differences in the gut microbiome composition among groups. Compared to the AB controls, the SCI groups demonstrated microbiome profiles that shared features linked to metabolic syndrome, inflammation-related bowel disorders, depressive disorders, or antibiotics use, whereas the L-SCI group's microbiome included features linked to reduced physical activity compared to the A-SCI and AB controls. Our results provided preliminary data and a scientific foundation for future studies investigating the impact of the gut microbiome composition on long-term health in individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Aabama
| | - William Van Der Pol
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Aabama
| | - Mualla Eraslan
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Aabama
| | - Amie McLain
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Aabama
| | - Hatice Cetin
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Turkey
| | - Baris Cetin
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Turkey
| | - Casey Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Aabama
| | - Tiffany Carson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Aabama
| | - Ceren Yarar-Fisher
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Aabama,Correspondence to: Ceren Yarar-Fisher, PhD. University of Alabama at Birmingham, 503 Shelby Biomedical Research Building 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL35233.
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Lukacova N, Kisucka A, Kiss Bimbova K, Bacova M, Ileninova M, Kuruc T, Galik J. Glial-Neuronal Interactions in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13577. [PMID: 34948371 PMCID: PMC8708227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits an acute inflammatory response which comprises numerous cell populations. It is driven by the immediate response of macrophages and microglia, which triggers activation of genes responsible for the dysregulated microenvironment within the lesion site and in the spinal cord parenchyma immediately adjacent to the lesion. Recently published data indicate that microglia induces astrocyte activation and determines the fate of astrocytes. Conversely, astrocytes have the potency to trigger microglial activation and control their cellular functions. Here we review current information about the release of diverse signaling molecules (pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory) in individual cell phenotypes (microglia, astrocytes, blood inflammatory cells) in acute and subacute SCI stages, and how they contribute to delayed neuronal death in the surrounding spinal cord tissue which is spared and functional but reactive. In addition, temporal correlation in progressive degeneration of neurons and astrocytes and their functional interactions after SCI are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the time-dependent transformation of reactive microglia and astrocytes into their neuroprotective phenotypes (M2a, M2c and A2) which are crucial for spontaneous post-SCI locomotor recovery. We also provide suggestions on how to modulate the inflammation and discuss key therapeutic approaches leading to better functional outcome after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Lukacova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4–6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (A.K.); (K.K.B.); (M.B.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (J.G.)
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Liu R, Peng C, Jing D, Xiao Y, Zhu W, Zhao S, Zhang J, Chen X, Li J. Biomarkers of Gut Microbiota in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and Symptomatic Dermographism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:703126. [PMID: 34858864 PMCID: PMC8630658 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.703126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic urticaria (CU) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with Th2 immune response. The two most common subtypes of CU, i.e., chronic spontaneous urticaria and symptomatic dermographism (CSD), often coexist. However, the pathogenesis of CSD is still unclear. Gut microbiota plays an important role in immune-related inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between gut microbiota and CSD. Methods A case-control study was conducted on CSD patients as well as gender- and age-matched normal controls (NCs). The 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing of fecal samples was used to detect the gut microbiota of all subjects. QPCR was used to further verify the species with differences between the two groups. Results The alpha diversity of gut microbiota decreased in CSD patients, accompanied by significant changes of the structure of gut microbiota. Subdoligranulum and Ruminococcus bromii decreased significantly in CSD patients and had a potential diagnostic value for CSD according to receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella were found to be positively correlated with the duration of CSD, while Clostridium disporicum was positively correlated with the dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Conclusions The gut microbiota of CSD patients is imbalanced. Subdoligranulum and Ruminococcus bromii are the gut microbiota biomarkers in CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danrong Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangjian Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Moraskie M, Roshid MHO, O'Connor G, Dikici E, Zingg JM, Deo S, Daunert S. Microbial whole-cell biosensors: Current applications, challenges, and future perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 191:113359. [PMID: 34098470 PMCID: PMC8376793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial Whole-Cell Biosensors (MWCBs) have seen rapid development with the arrival of 21st century biological and technological capabilities. They consist of microbial species which produce, or limit the production of, a reporter protein in the presence of a target analyte. The quantifiable signal from the reporter protein can be used to determine the bioavailable levels of the target analyte in a variety of sample types at a significantly lower cost than most widely used and well-established analytical instrumentation. Furthermore, the versatile and robust nature of MWCBs shows great potential for their use in otherwise unavailable settings and environments. While MWCBs have been developed for use in biomedical, environmental, and agricultural monitoring, they still face various challenges before they can transition from the laboratory into industrialized settings like their enzyme-based counterparts. In this comprehensive and critical review, we describe the underlying working principles of MWCBs, highlight developments for their use in a variety of fields, detail challenges and current efforts to address them, and discuss exciting implementations of MWCBs helping redefine what is thought to be possible with this expeditiously evolving technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moraskie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Md Harun Or Roshid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Gregory O'Connor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sapna Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33146, USA; The Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33146, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33146, USA.
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Doelman A, Tigchelaar S, McConeghy B, Sinha S, Keung MS, Manouchehri N, Webster M, Fisk S, Morrison C, Streijger F, Nislow C, Kwon BK. Characterization of the gut microbiome in a porcine model of thoracic spinal cord injury. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:775. [PMID: 34717545 PMCID: PMC8557039 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is a diverse network of bacteria which inhabit our digestive tract and is crucial for efficient cellular metabolism, nutrient absorption, and immune system development. Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts autonomic function below the level of injury and can alter the composition of the gut microbiome. Studies in rodent models have shown that SCI-induced bacterial imbalances in the gut can exacerbate the spinal cord damage and impair recovery. In this study we, for the first time, characterized the composition of the gut microbiome in a Yucatan minipig SCI model. We compared the relative abundance of the most dominant bacterial phyla in control samples to those collected from animals who underwent a contusion-compression SCI at the 2nd or 10th Thoracic level. RESULTS We identify specific bacterial fluctuations that are unique to SCI animals, which were not found in uninjured animals given the same dietary regimen or antibiotic administration. Further, we identified a specific time-frame, "SCI-acute stage", during which many of these bacterial fluctuations occur before returning to "baseline" levels. CONCLUSION This work presents a dynamic view of the microbiome changes that accompany SCI, establishes a resource for future studies and to understand the changes that occur to gut microbiota after spinal cord injury and may point to a potential therapeutic target for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Doelman
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Seth Tigchelaar
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Brian McConeghy
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Consortium, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Sunita Sinha
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Consortium, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Martin S. Keung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Neda Manouchehri
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Megan Webster
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Shera Fisk
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Charlotte Morrison
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Corey Nislow
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Consortium, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Department of Orthopedics, Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
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Rong Z, Huang Y, Cai H, Chen M, Wang H, Liu G, Zhang Z, Wu J. Gut Microbiota Disorders Promote Inflammation and Aggravate Spinal Cord Injury Through the TLR4/MyD88 Signaling Pathway. Front Nutr 2021; 8:702659. [PMID: 34589510 PMCID: PMC8473614 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.702659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In spinal cord injury (SCI), systemic inflammation and the death of nerve cells in the spinal cord are life threatening. The connection between gut microbiota and signaling pathways has been a hot research topic in recent years. The Toll-like receptor 4/Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (TLR4/MyD88) signaling pathway is closely related to the inflammatory response. This study explored whether the gut microbiota imbalance could affect the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway to regulate SCI to provide a new basis for SCI research and treatment. Methods: An SCI model was constructed to study the influence on the injury of gut microbiota. 16S amplicon sequencing was used to identify the diversity and abundance of gut microbes. Fecal microbiota transplantation was performed in mice with SCI. ELISA was used to detect the serum levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe SCI in mice. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the rates of loss glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) in the spinal cord as indicators of apoptosis. The expression of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway was detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results: Significant differences were observed in the gut microbiota of SCI mice and normal mice. The gut microbiota of SCI mice was imbalanced. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in SCI mice were increased, as was the level of the toxic induced nitric oxide synthase. The levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4, transforming growth factor-β, and IL-10 were decreased, as was the level of arginase-1. The apoptosis rates of GFAP, NeuN, and IBA1 were increased. The TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway was activated. In the SCI group, inflammation increased after fecal transplantation, apoptosis of GFAP, NeuN, and IBA1 increased, and SCI was more serious. Conclusion: The TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway promotes the death of nerve cells by inducing inflammation. Gut microbiota dysregulation can lead to aggravated SCI by activating the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Yuliang Huang
- Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Honghua Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen Longhua Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Spinal cord injury in mice impacts central and peripheral pathology in a severity-dependent manner. Pain 2021; 163:1172-1185. [PMID: 34490852 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain is a common medical complication experienced by those living with spinal cord injury (SCI) and leads to worsened quality of life. The pathophysiology of SCI pain is poorly understood, hampering the development of safe and efficacious therapeutics. We therefore sought to develop a clinically relevant model of SCI with a strong pain phenotype and characterize the central and peripheral pathology after injury. A contusion (50 kdyn) injury, with and without sustained compression (60 seconds) of the spinal cord, was carried out on female C57BL/6J mice. Mice with compression of the spinal cord exhibited significantly greater heat and mechanical hypersensitivity starting at 7 days post-injury, concomitant with reduced locomotor function, compared to those without compression. Immunohistochemical analysis of spinal cord tissue revealed significantly less myelin sparing and increased macrophage activation in mice with compression compared to those without. As measured by flow cytometry, immune cell infiltration and activation were significantly greater in the spinal cord (phagocytic myeloid cells and microglia) and dorsal root ganglia (Ly6C+ monocytes) following compression injury. We also decided to investigate the gastrointestinal microbiome, as it has been shown to be altered in SCI patients and has recently been shown to play a role in immune system maturation and pain. We found increased dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiome in an injury severity-dependent manner. The use of this contusion-compression model of SCI may help advance the preclinical assessment of acute and chronic SCI pain and lead to a better understanding of mechanisms contributing to this pain.
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Yu B, Qiu H, Cheng S, Ye F, Li J, Chen S, Zhou L, Yang Y, Zhong C, Li J. Profile of gut microbiota in patients with traumatic thoracic spinal cord injury and its clinical implications: a case-control study in a rehabilitation setting. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4489-4499. [PMID: 34311653 PMCID: PMC8806552 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1955543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota are the candidate biomarkers for neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). We aimed to identify the common features between patients with varying degree of thoracic SCI and healthy individuals and subpopulations of microbiota correlated with the serum biomarkers. Twenty-one patients with complete thoracic SCI (CTSCI), 24 with incomplete thoracic SCI (ITSCI), and 24 healthy individuals (HC) were enrolled in this study. Fresh stool samples and clinical data were collected from all participants, and their bowel functions with SCI were assessed. Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The features of gut microbiota correlated with the serum biomarkers and their functions were investigated. The mean NBD score of patients with CTSCI was higher than that of patients with ITSCI. Diversity of the gut microbiota in SCI group was reduced, and with an increase in the degree of damage, alpha diversity had decreased gradually. The composition of gut microbiota in patients with SCI was distinct from that in healthy individuals, and CTSCI group exhibited further deviation than ITSCI group compared to healthy individuals. Four serum biomarkers were found to be correlated with most differential genera. Patients with thoracic SCI present gut dysbiosis, which is more pronounced in patients with CTSCI than in those with ITSCI. Therefore, the gut microbiota profile may serve as the signatures for bowel and motor functions in patients with thoracic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huaide Qiu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shupeng Cheng
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Jiahui Li
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijing Chen
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumei Yang
- Spinal Cord Injury Ward, Jiangsu Zhongshan Geriatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Sefiani A, Geoffroy CG. The Potential Role of Inflammation in Modulating Endogenous Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:682259. [PMID: 34220440 PMCID: PMC8249862 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.682259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there are approximately 291,000 people suffering from a spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States. SCI is associated with traumatic changes in mobility and neuralgia, as well as many other long-term chronic health complications, including metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoporosis, and elevated inflammatory markers. Due to medical advances, patients with SCI survive much longer than previously. This increase in life expectancy exposes them to novel neurological complications such as memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. In fact, these usually age-associated disorders are more prevalent in people living with SCI. A common factor of these disorders is the reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis. Inflammation, which is elevated after SCI, plays a major role in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis. While there is no clear consensus on the mechanism of the decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition after SCI, we will examine in this review how SCI-induced inflammation could modulate hippocampal neurogenesis and provoke age-associated neurological disorders. Thereafter, we will discuss possible therapeutic options which may mitigate the influence of SCI associated complications on hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Li J, Morrow C, Barnes S, Wilson L, Womack ED, McLain A, Yarar-Fisher C. Gut microbiome composition and serum metabolome profile among individuals with spinal cord injury and normal glucose tolerance or prediabetes/type 2 diabetes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 103:702-710. [PMID: 34126067 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the gut microbiome composition and serum metabolome profile among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or prediabetes/type 2 diabetes (P/DM). DESIGN Cross-sectional design. SETTING Research university. PARTICIPANTS A total of 25 adults with SCI were included in the analysis and categorized as NGT (n=16) or P/DM (n=9) based on their glucose concentration at minute 120 during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. The American Diabetes Association diagnosis guideline was used for grouping participants. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) A stool sample was collected and used to assess the gut microbiome composition (alpha and beta diversity, microbial abundance) via the 16s rRNA sequencing technique. A fasting serum sample was used for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics analysis, the results from which reflect the relative quantity of metabolites detected and identified. Gut microbiome and metabolomics data were analyzed by the Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2 and Metaboanalyst platforms, respectively. RESULTS Gut microbiome alpha diversity (Pielou's evenness index, Shannon's index) and beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distances) differed between groups. Compared with participants with NGT, participants with P/DM had less evenness in microbial communities. In particular, those with P/DM had a lower abundance of the Clostridiales order and higher abundance of the Akkermansia genus, as well as higher serum levels of gut-derived metabolites, including indoxyl sulfate and phenylacetylglutamine (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION(S) Our results provide evidence for altered gut microbiome composition and dysregulation of gut-derived metabolites in participants with SCI and P/DM. Both indoxyl sulfate and phenylacetylglutamine have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases in the able-bodied population. These findings may inform future investigations in the field of SCI and cardio-metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Casey Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Landon Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Erika D Womack
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Amie McLain
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ceren Yarar-Fisher
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Du J, Zayed AA, Kigerl KA, Zane K, Sullivan MB, Popovich PG. Spinal Cord Injury Changes the Structure and Functional Potential of Gut Bacterial and Viral Communities. mSystems 2021; 6:e01356-20. [PMID: 33975974 PMCID: PMC8125080 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01356-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that gut dysbiosis contributes to many human diseases, including several comorbidities that develop after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). To date, all analyses of SCI-induced gut dysbiosis have used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. This technique has several limitations, including being susceptible to taxonomic "blind spots," primer bias, and an inability to profile microbiota functions or identify viruses. Here, SCI-induced gut dysbiosis was assessed by applying genome- and gene-resolved metagenomic analysis of murine stool samples collected 21 days after an experimental SCI at the 4th thoracic spine (T4) or 10th thoracic spine (T10) spinal level. These distinct injuries partially (T10) or completely (T4) abolish sympathetic tone in the gut. Among bacteria, 105 medium- to high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were recovered, with most (n = 96) representing new bacterial species. Read mapping revealed that after SCI, the relative abundance of beneficial commensals (Lactobacillus johnsonii and CAG-1031 spp.) decreased, while potentially pathogenic bacteria (Weissella cibaria, Lactococcus lactis _A, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) increased. Functionally, microbial genes encoding proteins for tryptophan, vitamin B6, and folate biosynthesis, essential pathways for central nervous system function, were reduced after SCI. Among viruses, 1,028 mostly novel viral populations were recovered, expanding known murine gut viral species sequence space ∼3-fold compared to that of public databases. Phages of beneficial commensal hosts (CAG-1031, Lactobacillus, and Turicibacter) decreased, while phages of pathogenic hosts (Weissella, Lactococcus, and class Clostridia) increased after SCI. Although the microbiomes and viromes were changed in all SCI mice, some of these changes varied as a function of spinal injury level, implicating loss of sympathetic tone as a mechanism underlying gut dysbiosis.IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, this is the first article to apply metagenomics to characterize changes in gut microbial population dynamics caused by a clinically relevant model of central nervous system (CNS) trauma. It also utilizes the most current approaches in genome-resolved metagenomics and viromics to maximize the biological inferences that can be made from these data. Overall, this article highlights the importance of autonomic nervous system regulation of a distal organ (gut) and its microbiome inhabitants after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). By providing information on taxonomy, function, and viruses, metagenomic data may better predict how SCI-induced gut dysbiosis influences systemic and neurological outcomes after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Du
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmed A Zayed
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristina A Kigerl
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kylie Zane
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Pizzolato C, Gunduz MA, Palipana D, Wu J, Grant G, Hall S, Dennison R, Zafonte RD, Lloyd DG, Teng YD. Non-invasive approaches to functional recovery after spinal cord injury: Therapeutic targets and multimodal device interventions. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Morse LR, Field-Fote EC, Contreras-Vidal J, Noble-Haeusslein LJ, Rodreick M, Shields RK, Sofroniew M, Wudlick R, Zanca JM. Meeting Proceedings for SCI 2020: Launching a Decade of Disruption in Spinal Cord Injury Research. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1251-1266. [PMID: 33353467 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord injury (SCI) research community has experienced great advances in discovery research, technology development, and promising clinical interventions in the past decade. To build upon these advances and maximize the benefit to persons with SCI, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) hosted a conference February 12-13, 2019 titled "SCI 2020: Launching a Decade of Disruption in Spinal Cord Injury Research." The purpose of the conference was to bring together a broad range of stakeholders, including researchers, clinicians and healthcare professionals, persons with SCI, industry partners, regulators, and funding agency representatives to break down existing communication silos. Invited speakers were asked to summarize the state of the science, assess areas of technological and community readiness, and build collaborations that could change the trajectory of research and clinical options for people with SCI. In this report, we summarize the state of the science in each of five key domains and identify the gaps in the scientific literature that need to be addressed to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R Morse
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Edelle C Field-Fote
- Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jose Contreras-Vidal
- Laboratory for Non-Invasive Brain Machine Interfaces, NSF IUCRC BRAIN, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Linda J Noble-Haeusslein
- Departments of Neurology and Psychology and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Richard K Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert Wudlick
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeanne M Zanca
- Spinal Cord Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Goodus MT, Carson KE, Sauerbeck AD, Dey P, Alfredo AN, Popovich PG, Bruno RS, McTigue DM. Liver inflammation at the time of spinal cord injury enhances intraspinal pathology, liver injury, metabolic syndrome and locomotor deficits. Exp Neurol 2021; 342:113725. [PMID: 33933462 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current high obesity rates mean that neurological injuries are increasingly sustained on a background of systemic pathology, including liver inflammation, which likely has a negative impact on outcomes. Because obesity involves complex pathology, the effect of hepatic inflammation alone on neurological recovery is unknown. Thus, here we used a gain-of-function model to test if liver inflammation worsens outcome from spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Results show liver inflammation concomitant with SCI exacerbated intraspinal pathology and impaired locomotor recovery. Hepatic inflammation also potentiated SCI-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), endotoxemia and insulin resistance. Circulating and cerebrospinal levels of the liver-derived protein Fetuin-A were higher in SCI rats with liver inflammation, and, when microinjected into intact spinal cords, Fetuin-A caused macrophage activation and neuron loss. Thus, liver inflammation functions as a disease modifying factor to impair recovery from SCI, and Fetuin-A is a potential neuropathological mediator. Since SCI alone induces acute liver inflammation, the liver may be a novel clinical target for improving recovery from SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Goodus
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kaitlin E Carson
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew D Sauerbeck
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Anthony N Alfredo
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dana M McTigue
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Cyr B, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Age-Dependent Microglial Response to Systemic Infection. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051037. [PMID: 33924771 PMCID: PMC8145069 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is part of the aging process, and the inflammatory innate immune response is more exacerbated in older individuals when compared to younger individuals. Similarly, there is a difference in the response to systemic infection that varies with age. In a recent article by Hoogland et al., the authors studied the microglial response to systemic infection in young (2 months) and middle-aged mice (13–14 months) that were challenged with live Escherichia coli to investigate whether the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses mounted by microglia after systemic infection varies with age. Here, we comment on this study and its implications on how inflammation in the brain varies with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Cyr
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ojeda J, Ávila A, Vidal PM. Gut Microbiota Interaction with the Central Nervous System throughout Life. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1299. [PMID: 33801153 PMCID: PMC8004117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last years, accumulating evidence has suggested that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases via the gut-brain axis. Moreover, current research has helped to elucidate different communication pathways between the gut microbiota and neural tissues (e.g., the vagus nerve, tryptophan production, extrinsic enteric-associated neurons, and short chain fatty acids). On the other hand, altering the composition of gut microbiota promotes a state known as dysbiosis, where the balance between helpful and pathogenic bacteria is disrupted, usually stimulating the last ones. Herein, we summarize selected findings of the recent literature concerning the gut microbiome on the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorders, and the strategies to modulate its composition in the search for therapeutical approaches, focusing mainly on animal models studies. Readers are advised that this is a young field, based on early studies, that is rapidly growing and being updated as the field advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ojeda
- Neuroimmunology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
| | - Ariel Ávila
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
| | - Pía M. Vidal
- Neuroimmunology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
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Jing Y, Yu Y, Bai F, Wang L, Yang D, Zhang C, Qin C, Yang M, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Li J, Chen Z. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on neurological restoration in a spinal cord injury mouse model: involvement of brain-gut axis. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:59. [PMID: 33678185 PMCID: PMC7937282 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients display disruption of gut microbiome, and gut dysbiosis exacerbate neurological impairment in SCI models. Cumulative data support an important role of gut microbiome in SCI. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy uninjured mice into SCI mice may exert a neuroprotective effect. RESULTS FMT facilitated functional recovery, promoted neuronal axonal regeneration, improved animal weight gain and metabolic profiling, and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity and GI motility in SCI mice. High-throughput sequencing revealed that levels of phylum Firmicutes, family Christensenellaceae, and genus Butyricimonas were reduced in fecal samples of SCI mice, and FMT remarkably reshaped gut microbiome. Also, FMT-treated SCI mice showed increased amount of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which correlated with alteration of intestinal permeability and locomotor recovery. Furthermore, FMT downregulated IL-1β/NF-κB signaling in spinal cord and NF-κB signaling in gut following SCI. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that reprogramming of gut microbiota by FMT improves locomotor and GI functions in SCI mice, possibly through the anti-inflammatory functions of SCFAs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Limiao Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Degang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Mingliang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Liu X, Liang F, Song W, Diao X, Zhu W, Yang J. Effect of Nrf2 signaling pathway on the improvement of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by hyperbaric oxygen treatment after spinal cord injury. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:433-441. [PMID: 33471265 PMCID: PMC7925733 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier following spinal cord injury (SCI) seriously affect long-term quality of life. Oxidative stress-induced epithelial cells' injury contributes to the epithelial barrier dysfunction. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment has been proved to alleviate SCI. However, it is unclear whether or not HBO treatment affects intestinal barrier function following SCI. In this study, our purpose was to explore the impact of HBO treatment on intestinal epithelial barrier function and underlying mechanisms following SCI. An SCI model was established in rats, and the rats received HBO treatment. Intestinal injury, mucosal permeability, intercellular junction proteins, and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated in our study. We found that HBO treatment significantly alleviated intestinal histological damage, reduced mucosal permeability, and markedly prevented bacterial translocation. Furthermore, HBO treatment significantly increased the expression of Claudin-1 and E-cadherin, inhibited intestinal tissue oxidative stress as demonstrated by upregulation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and HBO downregulated malondialdehyde. Mechanically, we demonstrated that HBO treatment ameliorated intestinal oxidative stress possibly through upregulating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream targets, Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), NADH-quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1), and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). These results suggested that HBO treatment triggered antioxidative effects against intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by promoting Nrf2 signaling pathway after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Liu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Diao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing, Beijing, 100020, China.
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