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Wang L, Sun J, Liu Z, Zheng Q, Wang G. Comparison of Multiple Strategies for Precision Transgene Knock-In in Gallus gallus Genome via Microhomology-Mediated End Joining. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15731. [PMID: 37958714 PMCID: PMC10649300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision exogenous gene knock-in is an attractive field for transgenic Gallus gallus (chicken) generation. In this article, we constructed multiple Precise Integration into Target Chromosome (PITCh) plasmid systems mediated by microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) for large-fragment integration in DF-1 cells and further assess the possibility of GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) as a genomic safe harbor for chickens. We designed three targeted sgRNAs for the all-in-one plasmid at the 3'UTR of GAPDH near the stop codon. The donor-plasmid-carrying microhomology arms correspond to sgRNA and EGFP fragments in the forward and reverse directions. MMEJ-mediated EGFP insertion can be efficiently expressed in DF-1 cells. Moreover, the differences between the forward and reverse fragments indicated that promoter interference does affect the transfection efficiency of plasmids and cell proliferation. The comparison of the 20 bp and 40 bp microhomology arms declared that the short one has higher knock-in efficiency. Even though all three different transgene insertion sites in GAPDH could be used to integrate the foreign gene, we noticed that the G2-20R-EGFP cell reduced the expression of GAPDH, and the G3-20R-EGFP cell exhibited significant growth retardation. Taken together, G1, located at the 3'UTR of GAPDH on the outer side of the last base of the terminator, can be a candidate genomic safe harbor (GSH) loci for the chicken genome. In addition, deleted-in-azoospermia-like (DAZL) and actin beta (ACTB) site-specific gene knock-in indicated that MMEJ has broad applicability and high-precision knock-in efficiency for genetically engineered chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guojun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (L.W.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.)
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2
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Dehdilani N, Goshayeshi L, Yousefi Taemeh S, Bahrami AR, Rival Gervier S, Pain B, Dehghani H. Integrating Omics and CRISPR Technology for Identification and Verification of Genomic Safe Harbor Loci in the Chicken Genome. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:18. [PMID: 37355580 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most prominent questions in the field of transgenesis is 'Where in the genome to integrate a transgene?'. Escape from epigenetic silencing and promoter shutdown of the transgene needs reliable genomic safe harbor (GSH) loci. Advances in genome engineering technologies combined with multi-omics bioinformatics data have enabled rational evaluation of GSH loci in the host genome. Currently, no validated GSH loci have been evaluated in the chicken genome. RESULTS Here, we analyzed and experimentally examined two GSH loci in the genome of chicken cells. To this end, putative GSH loci including chicken HIPP-like (cHIPP; between DRG1 and EIF4ENIF1 genes) and chicken ROSA-like (cROSA; upstream of the THUMPD3 gene) were predicted using multi-omics bioinformatics data. Then, the durable expression of the transgene was validated by experimental characterization of continuously-cultured isogenous cell clones harboring DsRed2-ΔCMV-EGFP cassette in the predicted loci. The weakened form of the CMV promoter (ΔCMV) allowed the precise evaluation of GSH loci in a locus-dependent manner compared to the full-length CMV promoter. CONCLUSIONS cHIPP and cROSA loci introduced in this study can be reliably exploited for consistent bio-manufacturing of recombinant proteins in the genetically-engineered chickens. Also, results showed that the genomic context dictates the expression of transgene controlled by ΔCMV in GSH loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Dehdilani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lena Goshayeshi
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Yousefi Taemeh
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sylvie Rival Gervier
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, U1208, USC1361, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Bertrand Pain
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, U1208, USC1361, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran.
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Xie Y, Wang M, Gu L, Wang Y. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in strategy at the Rosa26 locus in cattle fetal fibroblasts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276811. [PMID: 36441701 PMCID: PMC9704577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic modification of cattle has many agricultural and biomedical applications. However, random integration often leads to the unstable or differentially expression of the exogenous genes, which limit the application and development of transgenic technologies. Finding a safe locus suitable for site-specific insertion and efficient expression of exogenous genes is a good way to overcome these hurdles. In this study, we efficiently integrated three targeted vector into the cattle Rosa26 (cRosa26) by CRISPR/Cas9 technology in which EGFP was driven by CAG, EF1a, PGK and cRosa26 endogenous promoter respectively. The CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in system allows highly efficient gene insertion of different expression units at the cRosa26 locus. We also find that in the four cell lines, EGFP was stable expressed at different times, and the CAG promoter has the highest activity to activate the expression of EGFP, when compared with the cRosa26, EF1a and PGK promoter. Our results proved that cRosa26 was a locus that could integrate different expression units efficiently, and supported the friendly expression of different expression units. Our findings described here will be useful for a variety of studies using cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin jianzhu University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin jianzhu University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin jianzhu University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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4
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Ajao AM, White D, Kim WK, Olukosi OA. Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Canola Meal or Corn DDGS in Low-Protein Diets Supplemented with Crystalline Amino Acids-Effect on Growth Performance, Whole-Body Composition, and Litter Characteristics. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192662. [PMID: 36230403 PMCID: PMC9559617 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 42-day study was conducted to explore the application of supplemental amino acids (AA) in low-protein diets with soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM) or corn distillers dried grain with solubles (cDDGS) as the main protein feedstuffs. The responses of interest were growth performance, carcass yield, whole-body composition, litter ammonia and litter N. On d 0, a total of 540 Cobb 500 (off-sex) male broilers were allocated to 36 floor pens. All the birds received one starter diet that met nutrient requirements during the first 10d. Thereafter, six experimental diets were provided in grower and finisher phases. The diets included a positive control (PC): a corn−SBM diet with adequate protein. The protein level of the negative control (NC) was decreased by 45 g/kg relative to the PC. The next two diets had the same protein levels as the NC but with cDDGS added at 50 or 125 g/kg. The last two diets had the same CP as the NC but with CM added at 50 or 100 g/kg. All the low-protein diets had the same level of standardized ileal digestible indispensable AA according to Cobb 500 recommended level. Gly and Ser were added as sources of non-specific N. The dietary protein reduction in corn−SBM diets at both phases decreased (p < 0.05) weight gain and increased (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Increasing levels of cDDGS or CM, at a constant CP level, linearly decreased (p < 0.05) the weight gain and feed intake, whereas increasing CM level linearly increased (p < 0.05) FCR in the grower and finisher phases. The eviscerated and carcass yields decreased, whereas the fat yield increased (p < 0.05) with reduced protein in corn−SBM diet. Increasing levels of cDDGS and CM at a constant CP level quadratically decreased (p < 0.05) the eviscerated weight, whereas the fat weight linearly decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing levels of cDDGS and CM. The birds receiving the PC diet had a lower (p < 0.05) lean muscle (%) and a higher fat (%) compared to birds receiving the NC diet at d 21. However, on d42, birds receiving the PC diet had decreased (p < 0.05) bone mineral density, bone mineral content and lean weight compared to those receiving the NC diet. The litter ammonia increased (p < 0.05) with the increasing levels of protein in the SBM diets. In conclusion, 50 g/kg inclusion levels of CM and cDDGS at the same low-protein levels as SBM produced a similar growth response to the NC, whereas higher levels were detrimental. Hence under the conditions of the current experiment, complete replacement of SBM with DDGS or CM in low-protein diets was not feasible.
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5
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Zhang L, Feng X, Shen Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Ma Y, Gu Y, Guo G, Duan L, Lu L, Liang Y, Lawrence T, Huang R. A novel
ZsGreen
knock‐in melanoma cell line reveals the function of
CD11b
in tumor phagocytosis. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:691-704. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yingzhuo Shen
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yuang Ma
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yanrong Gu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Guo Guo
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Liangwei Duan
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners Centre, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
| | - Rong Huang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
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6
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Habu T, Ishikawa H, Kim J. Gulo gene locus, a new Gene Editing locus for mammalian cells. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100493. [PMID: 35416422 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transgene technology is valuable and helpful in many fields, including basic medical and biological research, biotechnology, and therapy. Recent advances in targeting technology accelerate the production of transgenic plants and animals and the application for gene therapy. To develop the technology, we examine the utility as the new safe harbor locus, L-Gulono-γ-lactone oxidase (Gulo) locus in human and mice. We performed experiments in vitro and in vivo knockout and knockin mouse and cell lines to validate their applicability using these loci. The Gulo locus might be good candidates for safe harbor loci for transgenic research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Habu
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Nishinomiya, 663-8558, Japan
| | - Honoka Ishikawa
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Nishinomiya, 663-8558, Japan
| | - Jiyeong Kim
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Nishinomiya, 663-8558, Japan
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7
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Dehdilani N, Taemeh SY, Goshayeshi L, Dehghani H. Genetically engineered birds; pre-CRISPR and CRISPR era. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:24-46. [PMID: 34668968 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating biopharmaceuticals in genetically engineered bioreactors continues to reign supreme. Hence, genetically engineered birds have attracted considerable attention from the biopharmaceutical industry. Fairly recent genome engineering methods have made genome manipulation an easy and affordable task. In this review, we first provide a broad overview of the approaches and main impediments ahead of generating efficient and reliable genetically engineered birds, and various factors that affect the fate of a transgene. This section provides an essential background for the rest of the review, in which we discuss and compare different genome manipulation methods in the pre-CRISPR and CRISPR era in the field of avian genome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Dehdilani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Yousefi Taemeh
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lena Goshayeshi
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Vats P, Kaushik R, Rawat N, Sharma A, Sharma T, Dua D, Singh MK, Palta P, Singla SK, Manik RS, Chauhan MS. Production of Transgenic Handmade Cloned Goat ( Capra hircus) Embryos by Targeted Integration into Rosa 26 Locus Using Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:250-262. [PMID: 34348041 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic goats are ideal bioreactors for the production of therapeutic proteins in their mammary glands. However, random integration of the transgene within-host genome often culminates in unstable expression and unpredictable phenotypes. Targeting desired genes to a safe locus in the goat genome using advanced targeted genome-editing tools, such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) might assist in overcoming these hurdles. We identified Rosa 26 locus, a safe harbor for transgene integration, on chromosome 22 in the goat genome for the first time. We further demonstrate that TALEN-mediated targeting of GFP gene cassette at Rosa 26 locus exhibited stable and ubiquitous expression of GFP gene in goat fetal fibroblasts (GFFs) and after that, transgenic cloned embryos generated by handmade cloning (HMC). The transfection of GFFs by the TALEN pair resulted in 13.30% indel frequency at the target site. Upon cotransfection with TALEN and donor vectors, four correctly targeted cell colonies were obtained and all of them showed monoallelic gene insertions. The blastocyst rate for transgenic cloned embryos (3.92% ± 1.12%) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than cloned embryos (7.84% ± 0.68%) used as control. Concomitantly, 2 out of 15 embryos of morulae and blastocyst stage (13.30%) exhibited site-specific integration. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates TALEN-mediated transgene integration at Rosa 26 locus in caprine fetal fibroblasts and the generation of transgenic cloned embryos using HMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Vats
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Ramakant Kaushik
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Nidhi Rawat
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Tushar Sharma
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Diksha Dua
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Prabhat Palta
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Singla
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Radhey Sham Manik
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Manmohan Singh Chauhan
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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9
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Sherstyuk VV, Zakian SM. Generation of Transgenic Rat Embryonic Stem Cells Using the CRISPR/Cpf1 System for Inducible Gene Knockout. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:843-851. [PMID: 34284709 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921070051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rat embryonic stem cells (ESCs) play an important role in the studies of genes involved in maintaining of pluripotent state and early development of this model organism. To study functions of the essential genes, as well as the processes of cell differentiation, the method of induced knockout is widely used. The CreERT2/loxP system allows obtaining an inducible knockout in cells expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase (CreERT2) and containing loxP sites flanking the target gene by adding 4-hydroxy tamoxifen to the culture medium. However, the rat ESC lines expressing CreERT2 are absent. In this work, we tested three CRISPR/Cas systems for introduction of double-strand breaks into the Rosa26 locus in the rat ESCs and inserted tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase into this locus using the CRISPR/Cpf1 system. It was shown that the obtained transgenic rat ESC lines retained the characteristics of pluripotent cells. Tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase activity was analyzed using a reporter vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Sherstyuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Suren M Zakian
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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10
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Chenouard V, Remy S, Tesson L, Ménoret S, Ouisse LH, Cherifi Y, Anegon I. Advances in Genome Editing and Application to the Generation of Genetically Modified Rat Models. Front Genet 2021; 12:615491. [PMID: 33959146 PMCID: PMC8093876 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.615491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat has been extensively used as a small animal model. Many genetically engineered rat models have emerged in the last two decades, and the advent of gene-specific nucleases has accelerated their generation in recent years. This review covers the techniques and advances used to generate genetically engineered rat lines and their application to the development of rat models more broadly, such as conditional knockouts and reporter gene strains. In addition, genome-editing techniques that remain to be explored in the rat are discussed. The review also focuses more particularly on two areas in which extensive work has been done: human genetic diseases and immune system analysis. Models are thoroughly described in these two areas and highlight the competitive advantages of rat models over available corresponding mouse versions. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the advantages and potential of rat models for addressing specific scientific questions and to characterize the best genome-engineering tools for developing new projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Chenouard
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- genOway, Lyon, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Ménoret
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Laure-Hélène Ouisse
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Ignacio Anegon
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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11
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Yuan M, Zhang J, Gao Y, Yuan Z, Zhu Z, Wei Y, Wu T, Han J, Zhang Y. HMEJ-based safe-harbor genome editing enables efficient generation of cattle with increased resistance to tuberculosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100497. [PMID: 33675752 PMCID: PMC8038940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used in a wide range of applications in the production of gene-edited animals and plants. Most efforts to insert genes have relied on homology-directed repair (HDR)-mediated integration, but this strategy remains inefficient for the production of gene-edited livestock, especially monotocous species such as cattle. Although efforts have been made to improve HDR efficiency, other strategies have also been proposed to circumvent these challenges. Here we demonstrate that a homology-mediated end-joining (HMEJ)-based method can be used to create gene-edited cattle that displays precise integration of a functional gene at the ROSA26 locus. We found that the HMEJ-based method increased the knock-in efficiency of reporter genes by eightfold relative to the traditional HDR-based method in bovine fetal fibroblasts. Moreover, we identified the bovine homology of the mouse Rosa26 locus that is an accepted genomic safe harbor and produced three live-born gene-edited cattle with higher rates of pregnancy and birth, compared with previous work. These gene-edited cattle exhibited predictable expression of the functional gene natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (NRAMP1), a metal ion transporter that should and, in our experiments does, increase resistance to bovine tuberculosis, one of the most detrimental zoonotic diseases. This research contributes to the establishment of a safe and efficient genome editing system and provides insights for gene-edited animal breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanpeng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zikun Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenliang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongke Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Teng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Blastocyst complementation using Prdm14-deficient rats enables efficient germline transmission and generation of functional mouse spermatids in rats. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1328. [PMID: 33637711 PMCID: PMC7910474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine animal models from genetically modified pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are essential for functional genomics and biomedical research, which require germline transmission for the establishment of colonies. However, the quality of PSCs, and donor-host cell competition in chimeras often present strong barriers for germline transmission. Here, we report efficient germline transmission of recalcitrant PSCs via blastocyst complementation, a method to compensate for missing tissues or organs in genetically modified animals via blastocyst injection of PSCs. We show that blastocysts from germline-deficient Prdm14 knockout rats provide a niche for the development of gametes originating entirely from the donor PSCs without any detriment to somatic development. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by creating PSC-derived Pax2/Pax8 double mutant anephric rats, and rescuing germline transmission of a PSC carrying a mouse artificial chromosome. Furthermore, we generate mouse PSC-derived functional spermatids in rats, which provides a proof-of-principle for the generation of xenogenic gametes in vivo. We believe this approach will become a useful system for generating PSC-derived germ cells in the future.
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13
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Shahabipour F, Oskuee RK, Shokrgozar MA, Naderi-Meshkin H, Goshayeshi L, Bonakdar S. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated GFP-human dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) promoter knock-in at the ROSA26 locus in mesenchymal stem cell for monitoring osteoblast differentiation. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3288. [PMID: 33047833 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is highly expressed in mineralized tooth and bone, playing a critical role in mineralization and phosphate metabolism. One important role for the expression of DMP1 in the nucleus of preosteoblasts is the up-regulation of osteoblast-specific genes such as osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase1 . The present study aimed to investigate the potential application of human DMP1 promoter as an indicator marker of osteoblastic differentiation. METHODS In the present study, we developed DMP1 promoter-DsRed-GFP knock-in mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) via the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system that enabled automatic detection of osteoblast differentiation. With the application of a homology-directed knock-in strategy, a 2-kb fragment of DMP1 promoter, which was inserted upstream of the GFP and DsRed reporter cassette, was integrated into the human ROSA locus to generate double fluorescent cells. We further differentiated MSCs under osteogenic media to monitor the fate of MSCs. First, cells were transfected using CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids, which culminated in MSCs with a green fluorescence intensity, then GFP-positive cells were selected using puromycin. Second, the GFP-positive MSCs were differentiated toward osteoblasts, which demonstrated an increased red fluorescence intensity. The osteoblast differentiation of MSCs was also verified by performing alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red assays. RESULTS We have exploited the DMP1 promoter as a predictive marker of MSC differentiation toward osteoblasts. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we have identified a distinctive change in the fluorescence intensities of GFP knock-in (green) and osteoblast differentiated MSCs 2 . CONCLUSIONS The data show that DMP1-DsRed-GFP knock-in MSCs through CRISPR/Cas9 technology provide a valuable indicator for osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, The DMP1 promoter might be used as a predictive marker of MSCs differentiated toward osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Welcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Lena Goshayeshi
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Kobayashi T, Kobayashi H, Goto T, Takashima T, Oikawa M, Ikeda H, Terada R, Yoshida F, Sanbo M, Nakauchi H, Kurimoto K, Hirabayashi M. Germline development in rat revealed by visualization and deletion of Prdm14. Development 2020; 147:dev.183798. [PMID: 32001439 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs), the founder cells of the germline, are specified in pre-gastrulating embryos in mammals, and subsequently migrate towards gonads to mature into functional gametes. Here, we investigated PGC development in rats, by genetically modifying Prdm14, a unique marker and an essential PGC transcriptional regulator. We trace PGC development in rats, for the first time, from specification until the sex determination stage in fetal gonads using Prdm14 H2BVenus knock-in rats. We uncover that the crucial role of Prdm14 in PGC specification is conserved between rat and mice, by analyzing Prdm14-deficient rat embryos. Notably, loss of Prdm14 completely abrogates the PGC program, as demonstrated by failure of the maintenance and/or activation of germ cell markers and pluripotency genes. Finally, we profile the transcriptome of the post-implantation epiblast and all PGC stages in rat to reveal enrichment of distinct gene sets at each transition point, thereby providing an accurate transcriptional timeline for rat PGC development. Thus, the novel genetically modified rats and data sets obtained in this study will advance our knowledge on conserved versus species-specific features for germline development in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisato Kobayashi
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-0813 Nara, Japan
| | - Teppei Goto
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takashima
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, 156-8502 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Oikawa
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikeda
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-0813 Nara, Japan
| | - Reiko Terada
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumika Yoshida
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sanbo
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kazuki Kurimoto
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-0813 Nara, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan .,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
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15
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Xie L, Sun J, Mo L, Xu T, Shahzad Q, Chen D, Yang W, Liao Y, Lu Y. HMEJ-mediated efficient site-specific gene integration in chicken cells. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:90. [PMID: 31832093 PMCID: PMC6868705 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of transgenic chicken cells holds great promise for several diverse areas, including developmental biology and biomedical research. To this end, site-specific gene integration has been an attractive strategy for generating transgenic chicken cell lines and has been successfully adopted for inserting desired genes and regulating specific gene expression patterns. However, optimization of this method is essential for improving the efficiency of genome modification in this species. RESULTS Here we compare gene knock-in methods based on homology-independent targeted integration (HITI), homology-directed repair (HDR) and homology mediated end joining (HMEJ) coupled with a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing system in chicken DF-1 cells and primordial germ cells (PGCs). HMEJ was found to be a robust and efficient method for gene knock-in in chicken PGCs. Using this method, we successfully labeled the germ cell specific gene DAZL and the pluripotency-related gene Pou5f3 in chicken PGCs through the insertion of a fluorescent protein in the frame at the 3' end of the gene, allowing us to track cell migration in the embryonic gonad. HMEJ strategy was also successfully used in Ovalbumin, which accounts for more than 60% of proteins in chicken eggs, suggested its good promise for the mass production of protein with pharmaceutical importance using the chicken oviduct system. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate that HMEJ efficiently mediates site-specific gene integration in chicken PGCs, which holds great potential for the biopharmaceutical engineering of chicken cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Juanjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Lifen Mo
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Tianpeng Xu
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Qaisar Shahzad
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Yuying Liao
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Yangqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi China
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16
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Bäck S, Necarsulmer J, Whitaker LR, Coke LM, Koivula P, Heathward EJ, Fortuno LV, Zhang Y, Yeh CG, Baldwin HA, Spencer MD, Mejias-Aponte CA, Pickel J, Hoffman AF, Spivak CE, Lupica CR, Underhill SM, Amara SG, Domanskyi A, Anttila JE, Airavaara M, Hope BT, Hamra FK, Richie CT, Harvey BK. Neuron-Specific Genome Modification in the Adult Rat Brain Using CRISPR-Cas9 Transgenic Rats. Neuron 2019; 102:105-119.e8. [PMID: 30792150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the rat has been the preferred animal model for behavioral studies. Limitations in genome modification have, however, caused a lag in their use compared to the bevy of available transgenic mice. Here, we have developed several transgenic tools, including viral vectors and transgenic rats, for targeted genome modification in specific adult rat neurons using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Starting from wild-type rats, knockout of tyrosine hydroxylase was achieved with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors expressing Cas9 or guide RNAs (gRNAs). We subsequently created an AAV vector for Cre-dependent gRNA expression as well as three new transgenic rat lines to specifically target CRISPR-Cas9 components to dopaminergic neurons. One rat represents the first knockin rat model made by germline gene targeting in spermatogonial stem cells. The rats described herein serve as a versatile platform for making cell-specific and sequence-specific genome modifications in the adult brain and potentially other Cre-expressing tissues of the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bäck
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Julie Necarsulmer
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core/Genetic Engineering and Viral Vector Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Leslie R Whitaker
- Neuronal Ensembles in Drug Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lamarque M Coke
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pyry Koivula
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Emily J Heathward
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core/Genetic Engineering and Viral Vector Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lowella V Fortuno
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core/Genetic Engineering and Viral Vector Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core/Genetic Engineering and Viral Vector Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - C Grace Yeh
- Neuronal Ensembles in Drug Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Heather A Baldwin
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Morgan D Spencer
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Carlos A Mejias-Aponte
- Histology Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - James Pickel
- Transgenic Technology Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander F Hoffman
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Charles E Spivak
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Carl R Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Suzanne M Underhill
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan G Amara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni E Anttila
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruce T Hope
- Neuronal Ensembles in Drug Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - F Kent Hamra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christopher T Richie
- Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core/Genetic Engineering and Viral Vector Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Optogenetics and Transgenic Technology Core/Genetic Engineering and Viral Vector Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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17
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Yu M, Sun X, Tyler SR, Liang B, Swatek AM, Lynch TJ, He N, Yuan F, Feng Z, Rotti PG, Choi SH, Shahin W, Liu X, Yan Z, Engelhardt JF. Highly Efficient Transgenesis in Ferrets Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Homology-Independent Insertion at the ROSA26 Locus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1971. [PMID: 30760763 PMCID: PMC6374392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) has proven to be a useful species for modeling human genetic and infectious diseases of the lung and brain. However, biomedical research in ferrets has been hindered by the lack of rapid and cost-effective methods for genome engineering. Here, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9-mediated, homology-independent insertion at the ROSA26 "safe harbor" locus in ferret zygotes and created transgenic animals expressing a dual-fluorescent Cre-reporter system flanked by PhiC31 and Bxb1 integrase attP sites. Out of 151 zygotes injected with circular transgene-containing plasmid and Cas9 protein loaded with the ROSA26 intron-1 sgRNA, there were 23 births of which 5 had targeted integration events (22% efficiency). The encoded tdTomato transgene was highly expressed in all tissues evaluated. Targeted integration was verified by PCR analyses, Southern blot, and germ-line transmission. Function of the ROSA26-CAG-LoxPtdTomatoStopLoxPEGFP (ROSA-TG) Cre-reporter was confirmed in primary cells following Cre expression. The Phi31 and Bxb1 integrase attP sites flanking the transgene will also enable rapid directional insertion of any transgene without a size limitation at the ROSA26 locus. These methods and the model generated will greatly enhance biomedical research involving lineage tracing, the evaluation of stem cell therapy, and transgenesis in ferret models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Scott R Tyler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Anthony M Swatek
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Thomas J Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Nan He
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Zehua Feng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Pavana G Rotti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Soon H Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Weam Shahin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.
| | - Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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18
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Generation of pluripotent stem cell-derived mouse kidneys in Sall1-targeted anephric rats. Nat Commun 2019; 10:451. [PMID: 30723213 PMCID: PMC6363802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of human kidneys in animal models would help combat the severe shortage of donors in transplantation therapy. Previously, we demonstrated by interspecific blastocyst complementation between mouse and rats, generation of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived functional pancreas, in apancreatic Pdx1 mutant mice. We, however, were unable to obtain rat PSC-derived kidneys in anephric Sall1 mutant mice, likely due to the poor contribution of rat PSCs to the mouse metanephric mesenchyme, a nephron progenitor. Here, conversely, we show that mouse PSCs can efficiently differentiate into the metanephric mesenchyme in rat, allowing the generation of mouse PSC-derived kidney in anephric Sall1 mutant rat. Glomerular epithelium and renal tubules in the kidneys are entirely composed of mouse PSC-derived cells expressing key functional markers. Importantly, the ureter-bladder junction is normally formed. These data provide proof-of-principle for interspecific blastocyst complementation as a viable approach for kidney generation.
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19
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Abstract
Transgenic technology in rats is increasingly important for the design and implementation of biological and physiological studies in the fields of neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology. Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a useful tool for generation of gene-modified rats. During the last decade, not only foreign DNA introduction but also endogenous DNA modification has been successfully achieved with rat ESCs. Detailed protocols for establishment of bona fide rat ESCs and their use for production of gene-modified rats are described in this chapter.
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20
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Hirabayashi M, Hochi S. Organ Generation from Knockedout Rat Blastocysts Complemented with Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1874:313-326. [PMID: 30353522 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8831-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of human organs in domestic animal model would provide enough number of functional donor organs in transplantation therapy. Recent progresses in pluripotent stem cells and nuclease-based genome editing tools have set the stage for investigating the chimeric complementation approach to generate functional organs from embryonic stem (ES) cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. In this chapter, protocol for allogeneic or xenogeneic organ generation using knocked-out (KO) rat blastocysts and the rat or mouse ES/iPS cells is described. The protocol includes (1) the preparation of KO rat colony, (2) the preparation of rat or mouse ES/iPS cells, (3) the recovery of rat blastocysts, (4) the stem cell injection into blastocysts, (5) the embryo transfer into pseudopregnant recipient uteri, and (6) the genotyping and organogenetic analysis of chimeric offspring. The accumulation of basic and practical knowledge in the rodent model would be useful in improving therapeutic performance to regenerate 3D organs available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Hirabayashi
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. .,Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Hochi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
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21
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Yamaguchi T, Sato H, Kobayashi T, Kato-Itoh M, Goto T, Hara H, Mizuno N, Yanagida A, Umino A, Hamanaka S, Suchy F, Masaki H, Ota Y, Hirabayashi M, Nakauchi H. An interspecies barrier to tetraploid complementation and chimera formation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15289. [PMID: 30327488 PMCID: PMC6191448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To study development of the conceptus in xenogeneic environments, we assessed interspecies chimera formation as well as tetraploid complementation between mouse and rat. Overall contribution of donor PSC-derived cells was lower in interspecies chimeras than in intraspecies chimeras, and high donor chimerism was associated with anomalies or embryonic death. Organ to organ variation in donor chimerism was greater in interspecies chimeras than in intraspecies chimeras, suggesting species-specific affinity differences among interacting molecules necessary for organogenesis. In interspecies tetraploid complementation, embryo development was near normal until the stage of placental formation, after which no embryos survived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato-Itoh
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Teppei Goto
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Naoaki Mizuno
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Ayumi Umino
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Sanae Hamanaka
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Fabian Suchy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ota
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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22
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Gong X, Guo X, Huang R, Liao H, Zhang Q, Yan J, Luo L, Zhang Q, Qiu A, Sun Y, Liang X. Expression of ILK in renal stroma is essential for multiple aspects of renal development. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F374-F385. [PMID: 29638158 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00509.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney development involves reciprocal and inductive interactions between the ureteric bud (UB) and surrounding metanephric mesenchyme. Signals from renal stromal lineages are essential for differentiation and patterning of renal epithelial and mesenchymal cell types and renal vasculogenesis; however, underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a key component of integrin signaling pathway, plays an important role in kidney development. However, the role of ILK in renal stroma remains unknown. Here, we ablated ILK in renal stromal lineages using a platelet-derived growth factor receptor B ( Pdgfrb) -Cre mouse line, and the resulting Ilk mutant mice presented postnatal growth retardation and died within 3 wk of age with severe renal developmental defects. Pdgfrb-Cre;Ilk mutant kidneys exhibited a significant decrease in UB branching and disrupted collecting duct formation. From E16.5 onward, renal interstitium was disorganized, forming medullary interstitial pseudocysts. Pdgfrb-Cre;Ilk mutants exhibited renal vasculature mispatterning and impaired glomerular vascular differentiation. Impaired glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor/Ret and bone morphogenetic protein 7 signaling pathways were observed in Pdgfrb-Cre;Ilk mutant kidneys. Furthermore, phosphoproteomic and Western blot analyses revealed a significant dysregulation of a number of key signaling pathways required for kidney morphogenesis, including PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK in Pdgfrb-Cre;Ilk mutants. Our results revealed a critical requirement for ILK in renal-stromal and vascular development, as well as a noncell autonomous role of ILK in UB branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ru Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Huimin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qingquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lina Luo
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qitong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yunfu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xingqun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
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23
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Efficient targeted integration into the bovine Rosa26 locus using TALENs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10385. [PMID: 29991797 PMCID: PMC6039519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic modification of cattle has many agricultural and biomedical applications. However, random integration often results in the unstable expression of transgenes and unpredictable phenotypes. Targeting genes to the "safe locus" and stably expressing foreign genes at a high level are desirable methods for overcoming these hurdles. The Rosa26 locus has been widely used to produce genetically modified animals in some species expressing transgenes at high and consistent levels. For the first time, we identified a bovine orthologue of the mouse Rosa26 locus through a genomic sequence homology analysis. According to 5' rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (5'RACE), 3' rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (3'RACE), reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) experiments, this locus encodes a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) comprising two exons that is expressed ubiquitously and stably in different tissues. The bovine Rosa26 (bRosa26) locus appears to be highly amenable to transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)-mediated knock-in, and ubiquitous expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) inserted in the bRosa26 locus was observed in various stages, including cells, embryos, fetus and cattle. Finally, we created a valuable master bRosa26-EGFP fetal fibroblast cell line in which any gene of interest can be efficiently introduced and stably expressed using recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). The new tools described here will be useful for a variety of studies using cattle.
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24
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He M, Huang ZJ. Genetic approaches to access cell types in mammalian nervous systems. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:109-118. [PMID: 29471215 PMCID: PMC5984678 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding brain circuit organization and function requires systematic dissection of its cellular components. With vast cell number and diversity, mammalian nervous systems present a daunting challenge for achieving specific and comprehensive cell type access-prerequisite to circuit analysis. Genetic approaches in the mouse have relied on germline engineering to access marker-defined cell populations. Combinatorial strategies that engage marker intersection, anatomy and projection pattern (e.g. antero-grade and retro-grade viral vectors), and developmental lineage substantially increase the specificity of cell type targeting. While increasing number of mouse cell types are becoming experimentally accessible, comprehensive coverage requires larger coordinated efforts with strategic infrastructural and fiscal planning. CRISPR-based genome editing may enable cell type access in other species, but issues of time, cost and ethics remain, especially for primates. Novel approaches that bypass the germline, such as somatic cell engineering and cell surface-based gene delivery, may reduce the barrier of genetic access to mammalian cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Z Josh Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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25
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Site-Specific Fat-1 Knock-In Enables Significant Decrease of n-6PUFAs/n-3PUFAs Ratio in Pigs. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:1747-1754. [PMID: 29563188 PMCID: PMC5940165 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The fat-1 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans encodes a fatty acid desaturase which was widely studied due to its beneficial function of converting n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFAs) to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs). To date, many fat-1 transgenic animals have been generated to study disease pathogenesis or improve meat quality. However, all of them were generated using a random integration method with variable transgene expression levels and the introduction of selectable marker genes often raise biosafety concern. To this end, we aimed to generate marker-free fat-1 transgenic pigs in a site-specific manner. The Rosa26 locus, first found in mouse embryonic stem cells, has become one of the most common sites for inserting transgenes due to its safe and ubiquitous expression. In our study, the fat-1 gene was inserted into porcine Rosa 26 (pRosa26) locus via Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system. The Southern blot analysis of our knock-in pigs indicated a single copy of the fat-1 gene at the pRosa26 locus. Furthermore, this single-copy fat-1 gene supported satisfactory expression in a variety of tissues in F1 generation pigs. Importantly, the gas chromatography analysis indicated that these fat-1 knock-in pigs exhibited a significant increase in the level of n-3PUFAs, leading to an obvious decrease in the n-6PUFAs/n-3PUFAs ratio from 9.36 to 2.12 (***P < 0.0001). Altogether, our fat-1 knock-in pigs hold great promise for improving the nutritional value of pork and serving as an animal model to investigate therapeutic effects of n-3PUFAs on various diseases.
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26
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Syverud BC, Gumucio JP, Rodriguez BL, Wroblewski OM, Florida SE, Mendias CL, Larkin LM. A Transgenic tdTomato Rat for Cell Migration and Tissue Engineering Applications. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:263-271. [PMID: 29490563 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing deficit in suitable tissues for patients awaiting organ transplants demonstrates the clinical need for engineered tissues as alternative graft sources. Demonstrating safety and efficacy by tracking the migration and fate of implanted cells is a key consideration required for approval of promising engineered tissues. Cells from transgenic animals that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) are commonly used for this purpose. However, GFP can create difficulties in practice due to high levels of green autofluorescence in many musculoskeletal tissues. Tandem-dimer tomato (tdTomato) is a stable, robust red fluorescent protein that is nearly threefold brighter than GFP. Our objective was to create a line of transgenic rats that ubiquitously express tdTomato in all cells, driven by the human ubiquitin C promoter. We sought to determine the rats' utility in tissue engineering applications by fabricating engineered skeletal muscle units (SMUs) from isolated muscle-derived tdTomato cells. These tdTomato SMUs were implanted into a volumetric muscle loss (VML) defect of the tibialis anterior muscle in a rat ubiquitously expressing GFP. We also evaluated a novel method for modularly combining individual SMUs to create a larger engineered tissue. Following a recovery period of 28 days, we found that implantation of the modular SMU led to a significant decrease in the size of the remaining VML deficit. Histological analysis of explanted tissues demonstrated both tdTomato and GFP expression in the repair site, indicating involvement of both implanted and host cells in the regeneration process. These results demonstrate the successful generation of a tdTomato transgenic rat, and the use of these rats in tissue engineering and cell migration applications. Furthermore, this study successfully validated a method for scaling engineered tissues to larger sizes, a factor that will be important for repairing volumetric injuries in more clinically relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Syverud
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan P Gumucio
- 2 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brittany L Rodriguez
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Olga M Wroblewski
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shelby E Florida
- 2 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher L Mendias
- 2 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa M Larkin
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,2 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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27
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Li S, Chen L, Peng X, Wang C, Qin B, Tan D, Han C, Yang H, Ren X, Liu F, Xu C, Zhou X. Overview of the reporter genes and reporter mouse models. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:29-35. [PMID: 30891544 PMCID: PMC6357428 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reporter genes are widely applied in biotechnology and biomedical research owning to their easy observation and lack of toxicity. Taking advantage of the reporter genes in conjunction with imaging technologies, a large number of reporter mouse models have been generated. Reporter mouse models provide systems that enable the studies of live cell imaging, cell lineage tracing, immunological research and cancers etc. in vivo. In this review, we describe the types of different reporter genes and reporter mouse models including, random reporter strains, Cre reporter strains and ROSA26 reporter strains. Collectively, these reporter mouse models have broadened scientific inquires and provided potential strategies for generation of novel reporter animal models with enhanced capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterMinistry of Education and HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterMinistry of Education and HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiu‐hua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterMinistry of Education and HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterMinistry of Education and HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bo‐yin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterMinistry of Education and HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterMinistry of Education and HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cheng‐xiao Han
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterMinistry of Education and HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐nan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterMinistry of Education and HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterMinistry of Education and HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chun‐hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterMinistry of Education and HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular VirologyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterMinistry of Education and HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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28
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Ma Y, Yu L, Pan S, Gao S, Chen W, Zhang X, Dong W, Li J, Zhou R, Huang L, Han Y, Bai L, Zhang L, Zhang L. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of the Rosa26 locus produces Cre reporter rat strains for monitoring Cre-loxP-mediated lineage tracing. FEBS J 2017; 284:3262-3277. [PMID: 28763160 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The rat is an important laboratory animal for physiological, toxicological and pharmacological studies. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) is a simple and efficient tool to generate precise genetic modifications in rats, which will promote the accumulation of genetic resources and enable more precise studies of gene function. To monitor Cre-loxP-mediated excision in vivo, we generated a Cre reporter rat strain (Rosa26-imCherry) by knockin of a Cre reporter cassette at the Rosa26 locus using CRISPR/Cas9. Rosa26-imCherry rats exhibited inducible expression of the mCherry cassette (imCherry) using the Cre-loxP system, whereas normal rats exhibited ubiquitous expression of eGFP but not mCherry in the whole body. Injection of adeno-associated virus serotype 9-Cre into the hippocampus and skeletal muscle resulted in mCherry expression in virus-infected cells. Cre-loxP-mediated mCherry expression was then evaluated by crossing Rosa26-imCherry rats with transgenic rats ubiquitously expressing CAG-Cre, heart-specific α-MHC-Cre transgenic rats and liver-specific Alb-Cre knockin rats. Finally, using the established system the expression pattern of Cre driven by two endogenous gene promoters (Wfs1-Cre knockin rat, FabP2-Cre knockin rat) was traced. In summary, we demonstrated excision of the loxP-flanked allele in Rosa26-imCherry rats via activation of mCherry expression in the presence of Cre recombinase. This newly established Rosa26-imCherry rat strain represents a useful tool to facilitate Cre-expression pattern determination and tracing experiments.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Crosses, Genetic
- Dependovirus/genetics
- Dependovirus/metabolism
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Female
- Gene Editing/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Gene Targeting
- Genes, Reporter
- Genetic Loci
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Integrases/genetics
- Integrases/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Myocardium/metabolism
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Transgenic
- Red Fluorescent Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Pan
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlin Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, NHFPC, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Hirabayashi M, Hara H, Goto T, Takizawa A, Dwinell MR, Yamanaka T, Hochi S, Nakauchi H. Haploid embryonic stem cell lines derived from androgenetic and parthenogenetic rat blastocysts. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:611-616. [PMID: 28824040 PMCID: PMC5735273 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to establish haploid embryonic stem (ES) cell lines using fluorescent marker-carrying rats. In the first series, 7 ES cell lines were established from 26 androgenetic
haploid blastocysts. However, only 1 ES cell line (ahES-2) was found to contain haploid cells (1n = 20 + X) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and karyotypic analyses. No chimeras were detected among the 10
fetuses and 41 offspring derived from blastocyst injection with the FACS-purified haploid cells. In the second series, 2 ES cell lines containing haploid cells (13% in phES-1 and 1% in phES-2) were established from 2
parthenogenetic haploid blastocysts. Only the phES-2 cell population was purified by repeated FACS to obtain 33% haploid cells. Following blastocyst injection with the FACS-purified haploid cells, no chimera was observed
among the 11 fetuses; however, 1 chimeric male was found among the 47 offspring. Although haploid rat ES cell lines can be established from both blastocyst sources, FACS purification may be necessary for maintenance and
chimera production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Present: Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Teppei Goto
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akiko Takizawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Takahiro Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hochi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.,Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
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30
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Abstract
Since its domestication over 100 years ago, the laboratory rat has been the preferred experimental animal in many areas of biomedical research (Lindsey and Baker The laboratory rat. Academic, New York, pp 1-52, 2006). Its physiology, size, genetics, reproductive cycle, cognitive and behavioural characteristics have made it a particularly useful animal model for studying many human disorders and diseases. Indeed, through selective breeding programmes numerous strains have been derived that are now the mainstay of research on hypertension, obesity and neurobiology (Okamoto and Aoki Jpn Circ J 27:282-293, 1963; Zucker and Zucker J Hered 52(6):275-278, 1961). Despite this wealth of genetic and phenotypic diversity, the ability to manipulate and interrogate the genetic basis of existing phenotypes in rat strains and the methodology to generate new rat models has lagged significantly behind the advances made with its close cousin, the laboratory mouse. However, recent technical developments in stem cell biology and genetic engineering have again brought the rat to the forefront of biomedical studies and enabled researchers to exploit the increasingly accessible wealth of genome sequence information. In this review, we will describe how a breakthrough in understanding the molecular basis of self-renewal of the pluripotent founder cells of the mammalian embryo, embryonic stem (ES) cells, enabled the derivation of rat ES cells and their application in transgenesis. We will also describe the remarkable progress that has been made in the development of gene editing enzymes that enable the generation of transgenic rats directly through targeted genetic modifications in the genomes of zygotes. The simplicity, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the CRISPR/Cas gene editing system, in particular, mean that the ability to engineer the rat genome is no longer a limiting factor. The selection of suitable targets and gene modifications will now become a priority: a challenge where ES culture and gene editing technologies can play complementary roles in generating accurate bespoke rat models for studying biological processes and modelling human disease.
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31
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Genetically encoded iron-associated proteins as MRI reporters for molecular and cellular imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Xie Z, Pang D, Wang K, Li M, Guo N, Yuan H, Li J, Zou X, Jiao H, Ouyang H, Li Z, Tang X. Optimization of a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knock-in Strategy at the Porcine Rosa26 Locus in Porcine Foetal Fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3036. [PMID: 28596588 PMCID: PMC5465212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified pigs have important roles in agriculture and biomedicine. However, genome-specific knock-in techniques in pigs are still in their infancy and optimal strategies have not been extensively investigated. In this study, we performed electroporation to introduce a targeting donor vector (a non-linearized vector that did not contain a promoter or selectable marker) into Porcine Foetal Fibroblasts (PFFs) along with a CRISPR/Cas9 vector. After optimization, the efficiency of the EGFP site-specific knock-in could reach up to 29.6% at the pRosa26 locus in PFFs. Next, we used the EGFP reporter PFFs to address two key conditions in the process of achieving transgenic pigs, the limiting dilution method and the strategy to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the knock-in locus. This study demonstrates that we establish an efficient procedures for the exogenous gene knock-in technique and creates a platform to efficiently generate promoter-less and selectable marker-free transgenic PFFs through the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This study should contribute to the generation of promoter-less and selectable marker-free transgenic pigs and it may provide insights into sophisticated site-specific genome engineering techniques for additional species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Xie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kankan Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjing Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Guo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Yuan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huping Jiao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Lan H, Li S, Guo Z, Men H, Wu Y, Li N, Bryda EC, Capecchi MR, Wu S. Efficient generation of selection-gene-free rat knockout models by homologous recombination in ES cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3416-3424. [PMID: 27597178 PMCID: PMC5129459 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell (ES cell)‐based rat knockout technology, although successfully developed in 2010, has seen very limited usage to date due to low targeting efficiency and a lack of optimized procedures. In this study, we performed gene targeting in ES cells from the Sprague–Dawley (SD) and the Fischer 344 (F344) rat strains using an optimized procedure and the self‐excising neomycin (neo)‐positive selection cassette ACN to successfully generate Leptin and Trp53 knockout rats that did not carry the selection gene. These results demonstrate that our simplified targeting strategy using ACN provides an efficient approach to knock out many other rat genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Men
- Veterinary Pathobiology, Rat Resource and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Elizabeth C Bryda
- Veterinary Pathobiology, Rat Resource and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mario R Capecchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Identification and characterization of rabbit ROSA26 for gene knock-in and stable reporter gene expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25161. [PMID: 27117226 PMCID: PMC4846827 DOI: 10.1038/srep25161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory rabbit has been a valuable model system for human disease studies. To make the rabbit model more amendable to targeted gene knockin and stable gene over-expression, we identified a rabbit orthologue of the mouse Rosa26 locus through genomic sequence homology analysis. Real-time PCR and 5′ RACE and 3′ RACE experiments revealed that this locus encodes two transcript variants of a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) (rbRosaV1 and rbRosaV2). Both variants are expressed ubiquitously and stably in different tissues. We next targeted the rabbit Rosa26 (rbRosa26) locus using CRISPR/Cas9 and produced two lines of knock-in rabbits (rbRosa26-EGFP, and rbRosa26-Cre-reporter). In both lines, all the founders and their offspring appear healthy and reproduce normally. In F1 generation animals, the rbRosa26-EGFP rabbits express EGFP, and the rbRosa26-Cre-reporter rabbits express tdTomato ubiquitously in all the tissues examined. Furthermore, disruption of rbRosa26 locus does not adversely impact the animal health and reproduction. Therefore, our work establishes rbRosa26 as a safe harbor suitable for nuclease mediated gene targeting. The addition of rbRosa26 to the tool box of transgenic research is expected to allow diverse genetic manipulations, including gain-of function, conditional knock out and lineage-tracing studies in rabbits.
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Chu VT, Weber T, Graf R, Sommermann T, Petsch K, Sack U, Volchkov P, Rajewsky K, Kühn R. Efficient generation of Rosa26 knock-in mice using CRISPR/Cas9 in C57BL/6 zygotes. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:4. [PMID: 26772810 PMCID: PMC4715285 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The CRISPR/Cas9 system is increasingly used for gene inactivation in mouse zygotes, but homology-directed mutagenesis and use of inbred embryos are less established. In particular, Rosa26 knock-in alleles for the insertion of transgenes in a genomic ‘safe harbor’ site, have not been produced. Here we applied CRISPR/Cas9 for the knock-in of 8–11 kb inserts into Rosa26 of C57BL/6 zygotes. Results We found that 10–20 % of live pups derived from microinjected zygotes were founder mutants, without apparent off-target effects, and up to 50 % knock-in embryos were recovered upon coinjection of Cas9 mRNA and protein. Using this approach, we established a new mouse line for the Cre/loxP-dependent expression of Cas9. Conclusions Altogether, our protocols and resources support the fast and direct generation of new Rosa26 knock-in alleles and of Cas9-mediated in vivo gene editing in the widely used C57BL/6 inbred strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0234-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Trung Chu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Timm Weber
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Robin Graf
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Kerstin Petsch
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Sack
- Present Address: Bayer Pharma AG Building S107, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Goto T, Kobayashi T, Hara H, Sanbo M, Hochi S, Nakauchi H, Hirabayashi M. Knock-in of a histone H2B-tdTomato reporter into the Rosa26 locus allows visualization of cell nuclei in rats. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:916-7. [PMID: 26354179 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Goto
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sanbo
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hochi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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Flister MJ, Prokop JW, Lazar J, Shimoyama M, Dwinell M, Geurts A. 2015 Guidelines for Establishing Genetically Modified Rat Models for Cardiovascular Research. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:269-77. [PMID: 25920443 PMCID: PMC4475456 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The rat has long been a key physiological model for cardiovascular research, most of the inbred strains having been previously selected for susceptibility or resistance to various cardiovascular diseases (CVD). These CVD rat models offer a physiologically relevant background on which candidates of human CVD can be tested in a more clinically translatable experimental setting. However, a diverse toolbox for genetically modifying the rat genome to test molecular mechanisms has only recently become available. Here, we provide a high-level description of several strategies for developing genetically modified rat models of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Flister
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, 53226, WI, USA,
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38
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Masaki H, Kato-Itoh M, Umino A, Sato H, Hamanaka S, Kobayashi T, Yamaguchi T, Nishimura K, Ohtaka M, Nakanishi M, Nakauchi H. Interspecific in vitro assay for the chimera-forming ability of human pluripotent stem cells. Development 2015; 142:3222-30. [PMID: 26023098 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Functional assay limitations are an emerging issue in characterizing human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). With rodent PSCs, chimera formation using pre-implantation embryos is the gold-standard assay of pluripotency (competence of progeny to differentiate into all three germ layers). In human PSCs (hPSCs), however, this can only be monitored via teratoma formation or in vitro differentiation, as ethical concerns preclude generation of human-human or human-animal chimeras. To circumvent this issue, we developed a functional assay utilizing interspecific blastocyst injection and in vitro culture (interspecies in vitro chimera assay) that enables the development and observation of embryos up to headfold stage. The assay uses mouse pre-implantation embryos and rat, monkey and human PSCs to create interspecies chimeras cultured in vitro to the early egg-cylinder stage. Intra- and interspecific chimera assays with rodent PSC lines were performed to confirm the consistency of results in vitro and in vivo. The behavior of chimeras developed in vitro appeared to recapitulate that of chimeras developed in vivo; that is, PSC-derived cells survived and were integrated into the epiblast of egg-cylinder-stage embryos. This indicates that the interspecific in vitro chimera assay is useful in evaluating the chimera-forming ability of rodent PSCs. However, when human induced PSCs (both conventional and naïve-like types) were injected into mouse embryos and cultured, some human cells survived but were segregated; unlike epiblast-stage rodent PSCs, they never integrated into the epiblast of egg-cylinder-stage embryos. These data suggest that the mouse-human interspecies in vitro chimera assay does not accurately reflect the early developmental potential/process of hPSCs. The use of evolutionarily more closely related species as host embryos might be necessary to evaluate the developmental potency of hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Masaki
- ERATO Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Japan Technology and Science Agency, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato-Itoh
- ERATO Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Japan Technology and Science Agency, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ayumi Umino
- ERATO Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Japan Technology and Science Agency, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- ERATO Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Japan Technology and Science Agency, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Sanae Hamanaka
- ERATO Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Japan Technology and Science Agency, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- ERATO Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Japan Technology and Science Agency, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- ERATO Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Japan Technology and Science Agency, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ken Nishimura
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-11 Higashi, Central 4, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Manami Ohtaka
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-11 Higashi, Central 4, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-11 Higashi, Central 4, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- ERATO Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Japan Technology and Science Agency, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
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Kobayashi T, Kato-Itoh M, Nakauchi H. Targeted organ generation using Mixl1-inducible mouse pluripotent stem cells in blastocyst complementation. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:182-9. [PMID: 25192056 PMCID: PMC4291089 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of functional organs from patients' own cells is one of the ultimate goals of regenerative medicine. As a novel approach to creation of organs from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), we employed blastocyst complementation in organogenesis-disabled animals and successfully generated PSC-derived pancreas and kidneys. Blastocyst complementation, which exploits the capacity of PSCs to participate in forming chimeras, does not, however, exclude contribution of PSCs to the development of tissues-including neural cells or germ cells-other than those specifically targeted by disabling of organogenesis. This fact provokes ethical controversy if human PSCs are to be used. In this study, we demonstrated that forced expression of Mix-like protein 1 (encoded by Mixl1) can be used to guide contribution of mouse embryonic stem cells to endodermal organs after blastocyst injection. We then succeeded in applying this method to generate functional pancreas in pancreatogenesis-disabled Pdx1 knockout mice using a newly developed tetraploid-based organ-complementation method. These findings hold promise for targeted organ generation from patients' own PSCs in livestock animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, ERATO, Japan Science Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato-Itoh
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, ERATO, Japan Science Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, ERATO, Japan Science Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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40
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Kong Q, Hai T, Ma J, Huang T, Jiang D, Xie B, Wu M, Wang J, Song Y, Wang Y, He Y, Sun J, Hu K, Guo R, Wang L, Zhou Q, Mu Y, Liu Z. Rosa26 locus supports tissue-specific promoter driving transgene expression specifically in pig. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107945. [PMID: 25232950 PMCID: PMC4169413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified pigs have become a popular model system in fundamental research, agricultural and biomedical applications. However, random integration often result in unstable expression of transgene and unpredictable phenotypes. The Rosa26 locus has been widely used to produce genetic modified animals with high and consistent expressing of transgene in mouse, human and rat, as it can be targeted efficiently and is not subject to gene-silencing effects. Recently, the first case of reporter gene targeting pigs in porcine Rosa26 (pRosa26) locus was reported. In the study, full sequence of pRosa26 locus was further characterized, and the pRosa26 promoter (pR26) was cloned and we evidenced that the new porcine endogenous promoter is suitable for driving transgene expression in a high and stable manner by avoiding DNA methylation. Furthermore, elongation factor 1a promoter (EF1a) -driven GFP reporter and Myostatin promoter (MyoP)-driven Follistatin (Fst) were successfully targeted into the pRosa26 locusby traditional homologous recombination (HR) strategy. EF1a showed high activity and hypomethylation at the locus. And, muscle-specific promoter MyoP was activated strictly in muscle of the pRosa26 targeted pigs, indicating Rosa26 locus supports tissue-specific promoter driving transgene expression in its own manner. The study provided further demonstration on biomedical and agricultural applications of porcine Rosa26 promoter and locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingran Kong
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tang Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianqing Huang
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingteng Xie
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Meiling Wu
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuran Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong He
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialu Sun
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Kui Hu
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Runfa Guo
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshuang Mu
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of life science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Hayama T, Yamaguchi T, Kato-Itoh M, Hamanaka S, Kawarai M, Sanbo M, Tamura C, Lee YS, Yanagida A, Murayama H, Mizuno N, Umino A, Sato H, Yamazaki S, Masaki H, Kobayashi T, Hirabayashi M, Nakauchi H. Generation of mouse functional oocytes in rat by xeno-ectopic transplantation of primordial germ cells. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:89. [PMID: 25165118 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are germ cell progenitors in the fetal genital ridge; female PGCs give rise to definitive oocytes that contribute to the next generation. Artificial PGCs have been induced in vitro from pluripotent stem cells and gonad-like tissue has been induced in vivo by cotransplantation of PGCs with PGC-free gonadal cells. To apply these technologies to human infertility treatment or conservation of rare species, PGC transplantation must be established in xenogenic animals. Here, we established a xenogeneic transplantation model by inducing ovary-like tissue from PGCs in xenogenic animals. We transplanted enzymatically dispersed PGCs with PGC-free gonadal cells under the kidney capsule of xenogenic immunodeficient animals. The transplanted cells formed ovary-like tissues under the kidney capsule. These tissues were histologically similar to the normal gonad and expressed the oocyte markers Vasa and Stella. In addition, mouse germinal vesicle-stage oocyte-like cells collected from ovary-like tissue in rats matured to metaphase II via in vitro maturation and gave rise to offspring by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Our studies show that rat/mouse female PGCs and PGC-free gonadal cells can develop and reconstruct ovary-like tissue containing functional oocytes in an ectopic xenogenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Hayama
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato-Itoh
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanae Hamanaka
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Kawarai
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sanbo
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tamura
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Youn-Su Lee
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Murayama
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoaki Mizuno
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Umino
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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42
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Dual fluorescent reporter pig for Cre recombination: transgene placement at the ROSA26 locus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102455. [PMID: 25025770 PMCID: PMC4099177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We are extending the Cre/loxP site-specific recombination system to pigs, focussing on conditional and tissue-specific expression of oncogenic mutations to model human cancers. Identifying the location, pattern and extent of Cre recombination in vivo is an important aspect of this technology. Here we report pigs with a dual fluorochrome cassette under the control of the strong CAG promoter that switches expression after Cre-recombination, from membrane-targeted tandem dimer Tomato to membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein. The reporter cassette was placed at the porcine ROSA26 locus by conventional gene targeting using primary mesenchymal stem cells, and animals generated by nuclear transfer. Gene targeting efficiency was high, and analysis of foetal organs and primary cells indicated that the reporter is highly expressed and functional. Cre reporter pigs will provide a multipurpose indicator of Cre recombinase activity, an important new tool for the rapidly expanding field of porcine genetic modification.
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Remy S, Tesson L, Menoret S, Usal C, De Cian A, Thepenier V, Thinard R, Baron D, Charpentier M, Renaud JB, Buelow R, Cost GJ, Giovannangeli C, Fraichard A, Concordet JP, Anegon I. Efficient gene targeting by homology-directed repair in rat zygotes using TALE nucleases. Genome Res 2014; 24:1371-83. [PMID: 24989021 PMCID: PMC4120090 DOI: 10.1101/gr.171538.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The generation of genetically modified animals is important for both research and commercial purposes. The rat is an important model organism that until recently lacked efficient genetic engineering tools. Sequence-specific nucleases, such as ZFNs, TALE nucleases, and CRISPR/Cas9 have allowed the creation of rat knockout models. Genetic engineering by homology-directed repair (HDR) is utilized to create animals expressing transgenes in a controlled way and to introduce precise genetic modifications. We applied TALE nucleases and donor DNA microinjection into zygotes to generate HDR-modified rats with large new sequences introduced into three different loci with high efficiency (0.62%–5.13% of microinjected zygotes). Two of these loci (Rosa26 and Hprt1) are known to allow robust and reproducible transgene expression and were targeted for integration of a GFP expression cassette driven by the CAG promoter. GFP-expressing embryos and four Rosa26 GFP rat lines analyzed showed strong and widespread GFP expression in most cells of all analyzed tissues. The third targeted locus was Ighm, where we performed successful exon exchange of rat exon 2 for the human one. At all three loci we observed HDR only when using linear and not circular donor DNA. Mild hypothermic (30°C) culture of zygotes after microinjection increased HDR efficiency for some loci. Our study demonstrates that TALE nuclease and donor DNA microinjection into rat zygotes results in efficient and reproducible targeted donor integration by HDR. This allowed creation of genetically modified rats in a work-, cost-, and time-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Remy
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Séverine Menoret
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Claire Usal
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Thepenier
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Reynald Thinard
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Daniel Baron
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Marine Charpentier
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Renaud
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Roland Buelow
- Open Monoclonal Technologies, Palo Alto, California 94303, USA
| | | | - Carine Giovannangeli
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U565, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM UMR 1064-ITUN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes F44093, France; Platform Rat Transgenesis, Nantes F44093, France
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Meek S, Wei J, Sutherland L, Nilges B, Buehr M, Tomlinson SR, Thomson AJ, Burdon T. Tuning of β-catenin activity is required to stabilize self-renewal of rat embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2014; 31:2104-15. [PMID: 23843312 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stabilization of β-catenin, through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) activity, in conjunction with inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK) promotes self-renewal of naïve-type mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC). In developmentally more advanced, primed-type, epiblast stem cells, however, β-catenin activity induces differentiation. We investigated the response of rat ESCs to β-catenin signaling and found that when maintained on feeder-support cells in the presence of a MEK inhibitor alone (1i culture), the derivation efficiency, growth, karyotypic stability, transcriptional profile, and differentiation potential of rat ESC cultures was similar to that of cell lines established using both MEK and GSK3 inhibitors (2i culture). Equivalent mouse ESCs, by comparison, differentiated in identical 1i conditions, consistent with insufficient β-catenin activity. This interspecies difference in reliance on GSK3 inhibition corresponded with higher overall levels of β-catenin activity in rat ESCs. Indeed, rat ESCs displayed widespread expression of the mesendoderm-associated β-catenin targets, Brachyury and Cdx2 in 2i medium, and overt differentiation upon further increases in β-catenin activity. In contrast, mouse ESCs were resistant to differentiation at similarly elevated doses of GSK3 inhibitor. Interestingly, without feeder support, moderate levels of GSK3 inhibition were necessary to support effective growth of rat ESC, confirming the conserved role for β-catenin in ESC self-renewal. This work identifies β-catenin signaling as a molecular rheostat in rat ESC, regulating self-renewal in a dose-dependent manner, and highlights the potential importance of controlling flux in this signaling pathway to achieve effective stabilization of naïve pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Meek
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)VS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Hirabayashi M, Goto T, Tamura C, Sanbo M, Hara H, Hochi S. Effect of leukemia inhibitory factor and forskolin on establishment of rat embryonic stem cell lines. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:78-82. [PMID: 24317016 PMCID: PMC3958585 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2013-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether supplementation of 2i medium with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and/or forskolin would support establishment of germline-competent rat embryonic stem (ES) cell lines. Due to the higher likelihood of outgrowth rates, supplementation of forskolin with or without LIF contributed to the higher establishment efficiency of ES cell lines in the WDB strain. Germline transmission competency of the chimeric rats was not influenced by the profile of ES cell lines until their establishment. When the LIF/forskolin-supplemented 2i medium was used, the rat strain used as the blastocyst donor, such as the WI strain, was a possible factor negatively influencing the establishment efficiency of ES cell lines. Once ES cell lines were established, all lines were found to be germline-competent by a progeny test in chimeric rats. In conclusion, both LIF and forskolin are not essential but can play a beneficial role in the establishment of "genuine" rat ES cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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46
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Rosa26-targeted swine models for stable gene over-expression and Cre-mediated lineage tracing. Cell Res 2014; 24:501-4. [PMID: 24503648 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Yang S, Takizawa A, Foeckler J, Zappa A, Gjoka M, Schilling R, Hansen C, Xu H, Kalloway S, Grzybowski M, Davis GD, Jacob HJ, Geurts AM. Derivation and genetic modification of embryonic stem cells from disease-model inbred rat strains. Stem Cells Dev 2013. [PMID: 23635087 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of rat embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and approaches for manipulation of their genomes have restricted the ability to create new genetic models and to explore the function of a single gene in complex diseases in the laboratory rat. The recent breakthrough in isolating germline-competent ESCs from rat and subsequent demonstration of gene knockout has propelled the field forward, but such tools do not yet exist for many disease-model rat strains. Here we derive new ESCs from several commonly used rat models including the Dahl Salt Sensitive (SS), the sequenced Brown Norway (BN), and Fischer (F344) rat and establish the first germline-competent ESCs from a hypertension disease model strain, the Fawn Hooded Hypertensive (FHH) rat. Genetic manipulations including transgenesis mediated by lentivirus, routine homologous recombination, and homologous recombination mediated by zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) were performed effectively in FHH rat ESCs. Our results showed these rat ESC lines, isolated from inner cell masses using mechanical splitting, had germline competency; the Pparg gene locus and homologous genomic region to the mouse Rosa26 locus can be targeted effectively in these rat ESCs. Furthermore, our results also demonstrated that ZFNs increased the efficiency of proper homologous recombination in FHH rat ESCs using targeting vectors with short homology arms. These rat ESC lines and advancements in genetic manipulation pave the way to novel genetic approaches in this valuable biomedical model species and for exploration of complex disease in these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- University of Michigan, Cardiac Surgery, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, Medical College of Wisconsin, Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States ;
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