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Wang K, Zhang Q, Zhang P, Yang Q, Pan F, Zha B. Use of bidirectional Mendelian randomization to unveil the association of Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune thyroid diseases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi8646. [PMID: 39083605 PMCID: PMC11290481 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi8646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Previous observational studies found associations between Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), but the causal nature of this association is still uncertain. We investigated the causal effect of six crucial antibodies against H. pylori on AITDs using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). We found that anti-H. pylori outer membrane protein (OMP) significantly increased the risk of hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease (GD). In addition, our reverse MR analysis indicated that hyperthyroidism could increase the levels of cytotoxin-associated gene A and OMP antibodies. We also observed causal roles of GD on anti-H. pylori OMP. Our analyses indicate the mutual effects of H. pylori infection and AITDs, suggesting the existence of a gut-thyroid axis. These results also provide evidence of the bidirectional causal association between anti-H. pylori OMP with hyperthyroidism and GD, resulting in a vicious circle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qian Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fanfan Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Feng Z, Yang X, Zhang B, Mo C, Li C, Tian X, Zhang C, Ou M, Hou X. Exploring the relationship between infectious agents and autoimmune diseases: a review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1505-1516. [PMID: 38829448 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between infectious agents and autoimmune diseases is a complex issue. In recent years, increasing clinical cases have indicated that infectious agents play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Molecular mimicry is currently widely regarded as the primary pathogenic mechanism of various autoimmune diseases in humans. Components of infectious agents can undergo molecular mimicry with components in patients' bodies, leading to the development of various autoimmune diseases. In this article, we provide a brief overview of current research of the current research status on the relationship between infectious agents and autoimmune diseases, and describe our current understanding of their mechanisms of action in order to better understand the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Feng
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Chune Mo
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Xiayu Tian
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Minglin Ou
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Xianliang Hou
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China.
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Zhu X, Zhang C, Feng S, He R, Zhang S. Intestinal microbiota regulates the gut-thyroid axis: the new dawn of improving Hashimoto thyroiditis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:39. [PMID: 38386169 PMCID: PMC10884059 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota plays an indispensable role in the host's innate immune system, which may be related to the occurrence of many autoimmune diseases. Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, and there is plenty of evidence indicating that HT may be related to genetics and environmental triggers, but the specific mechanism has not been proven clearly. Significantly, the composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota in patients with HT have an obvious difference. This phenomenon led us to think about whether intestinal microbiota can affect the progress of HT through some mechanisms. By summarizing the potential mechanism of intestinal microflora in regulating Hashimoto thyroiditis, this article explores the possibility of improving HT by regulating intestinal microbiota and summarizes relevant biomarkers as therapeutic targets, which provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of Hashimoto thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxin Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Feng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), No. 318 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Xie J, Wang J, Zeng R, Xie Y. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and triglyceride levels: a nested cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1220347. [PMID: 37664839 PMCID: PMC10468968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1220347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the available evidence regarding the relationship between the lipid profile and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is limited and conflicting. There is also a dearth of studies that have explored the possibility of sex-specific differences in the association between H. pylori infection and triglyceride levels. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 1,146 participants utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 conducted in the United States. A logistic regression model was employed to evaluate the association between H. pylori seropositivity and triglyceride levels. Subgroup analyses stratified by sex were conducted to explore sex-specific differences in this association. Results Serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-seropositive participants than in H. pylori-seronegative participants. In the logistic regression analysis, there was a positive correlation between H. pylori seropositivity and triglyceride levels (OR=1.231; 95% CI, 1.016-1.491; P=0.033). In the subgroup analysis, the adjusted association between serum triglycerides and H. pylori seropositivity was significant in females (OR=1.732; 95% CI, 1.113-2.696; P=0.015) but not in males (OR=1.091; 95% CI, 0.698-1.705; P=0.704). Conclusion The association between high triglyceride levels and H. pylori infection is specific to the female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinyun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Dore MP, Fanciulli G, Manca A, Pes GM. Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in the Female Sex. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5150. [PMID: 37568552 PMCID: PMC10419966 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with an increased risk of thyroid diseases (TDs), although scientific evidence is conflicting. In the present study the relationship between TDs, including both autoimmune (AI) and non-autoimmune TD, and H. pylori infection was investigated. METHODS Data from records of patients undergoing upper endoscopy and histologically evaluated for H. pylori infection were retrieved. In addition to demographic information, the features of gastritis based on non-targeted biopsies collected from the antrum, angulus, and corpus were analyzed. The presence of H. pylori infection and atrophy and/or metaplasia and/or dysplasia in at least one gastric specimen was defined as a long-lasting H. pylori infection and the presence of a chronic-active gastritis as a current infection. Hashimoto's and Graves' diseases were included in the AITD group, and thyroid nodules, goiter, iatrogenic thyroid hypo/hyper function, and thyroidectomy in the non-autoimmune TD group. RESULTS A total of 8322 records from adult patients from Northern Sardinia, characterized by a similar genetic background, was analyzed. Participants were aged 18-93 years (females 5339, 64.1%), and more specifically, 562 (6.7%) had a diagnosis of AITD and 448 (5.4%) of non-autoimmune TD. A significant association between long-lasting H. pylori and AITD (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.13-1.60) was found, irrespective of age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status, while it was not associated with non-autoimmune TD. Current H. pylori infection did not show significant ORs for AITD (OR 0.99; 95%CI 0.64-1.57) and non-autoimmune TD (OR 0.86; 95%CI 0.66-1.15). The association with long-lasting H. pylori infection was confirmed to be significant for both Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease by multivariable regression analysis. Stratification according to sex revealed a significant association only for females (OR 1.39; 95%CI 1.12-1.72). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that long-lasting H. pylori infection is associated with AITD in the female adult population of Northern Sardinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pina Dore
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.M.)
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giuseppe Fanciulli
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Manca
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.M.)
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (A.M.)
- Sardinia Blue Zone Longevity Observatory, 08040 Santa Maria Navarrese, Italy
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Zhang J, Hai X, Wang S, Zhu F, Gu Y, Meng G, Zhang Q, Liu L, Wu H, Zhang S, Zhang T, Wang X, Sun S, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. Helicobacter pylori infection increase the risk of subclinical hyperthyroidism in middle-aged and elderly women independent of dietary factors: Results from the Tianjin chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and health cohort study in China. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1002359. [PMID: 36950328 PMCID: PMC10025335 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1002359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prospective studies on the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and subclinical hyperthyroidism are limited. We, therefore, designed a large-scale cohort study to explore the association between H. pylori infection and the risk of subclinical hyperthyroidism in women. Methods This prospective cohort study investigated 2,713 participants. H. pylori infection was diagnosed with the carbon 13 breath test. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was defined as serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels are low or undetectable but free thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine concentrations are normal. Propensity score matching (PSM) analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between H. pylori infection and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Results A total of 1,025 PS-matched pairs of H. pylori infection women were generated after PSM. During 6 years of follow-up, the incidence rate of subclinical hyperthyroidism was 7.35/1,000 person-years. After adjusting potential confounding factors (including iodine intake in food and three main dietary patterns score), the multivariable hazard ratio (HR; 95% confidence intervals) of subclinical hyperthyroidism by H. pylori infection was 2.49 (1.36, 4.56). Stratified analyses suggested a potential effect modification by age, the multivariable HR (95% confidence intervals) was 2.85 (1.45, 5.61) in participants aged ≥ 40 years and 0.70 (0.08, 6.00) in participants aged < 40 years (P for interaction = 0.048). Conclusion Our prospective study first indicates that H. pylori infection is significantly associated with the risk of subclinical hyperthyroidism independent of dietary factors among Chinese women, especially in middle-aged and older individuals.Clinical Trial Registration:https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000031137, identifier UMIN000027174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinghua Hai
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yeqing Gu,
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Kaijun Niu,
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Mikosch P, Aistleitner A, Oehrlein M, Trifina-Mikosch E. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and coexisting disorders in correlation with HLA status-an overview. Wien Med Wochenschr 2023; 173:41-53. [PMID: 34524590 PMCID: PMC9877058 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-021-00879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is a frequent disorder of the thyroid gland caused by autoimmune-trigged lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of the thyroid gland. With the progressive destruction of the organ, the thyroid gland shrinks in size, thus commonly leading to hypothyroidism. Therapy of HT is mainly focused on managing the thyroid dysfunction by oral substitution of L‑thyroxine. However, patients with HT often complain about a broad spectrum of symptoms, with some of them hardly explained by HT itself. Several other disorders are known to be associated with HT. The etiology of HT seems to be multifactorial, including environmental influences such as iodine supply, infections, and stress as triggers of immune modulation. In addition, also a genetic background based on changes of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status seems to be evident. The paper will provide an overview of diseases related to HT, including their correlation to certain HLA patterns. This presentation should give a broader view on HT-related disorders and facilitate detailed examination and management of patients with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikosch
- Teaching Unit, Medizinische Universität Wien/Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Dept. Internal Medicinie 2, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Liechtensteinstraße 67, 2130, Mistelbach, Austria.
| | - Adrian Aistleitner
- Teaching Unit, Medizinische Universität Wien/Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Oehrlein
- Teaching Unit, Medizinische Universität Wien/Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Trifina-Mikosch
- Teaching Unit, Medizinische Universität Wien/Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case-control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm-118031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The thyroid nodules incidence has risen worldwide. Although factors such as increasing the use of imaging techniques and more rapid detection of small thyroid nodules have been implicated in the recent rise in thyroid cancer incidence, some environmental parameters such as infectious agents may be involved. Helicobacter pylori infection is an environmental risk factor, which may mimic the antigenic properties of membranes of thyrocytes. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the association of H. pylori infection with benign and malignant thyroid nodules in comparison with the control group. Methods: Patients with benign thyroid nodules, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and euthyroid healthy controls without thyroid nodules that had just been diagnosed were included in the study. All participants underwent clinical examination. Various biochemical parameters such as serum H. pylori Ab (IgG) and thyroid function tests were measured. Comparisons were made between groups. Results: Finally, 370 patients with benign thyroid nodules, 364 patients with PTC, and 360 healthy subjects without nodules participated as a control group. In the patients with PTC, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 89.6%, while in the group of patients with benign thyroid nodules and the control group was 81.1% and 75%, respectively (P < 0.001). Helicobacter pylori antibody (Ab) titer was not significantly associated with any of the anthropometric and biochemical variables. Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly higher in patients with benign thyroid nodules and PTC than in the control group. Also, the rate of infection was significantly higher in the malignant nodule group than in the benign thyroid nodules group.
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Wang J, Liu D, Xie Y. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and serum thyroid stimulating hormone in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1018267. [PMID: 36440202 PMCID: PMC9691638 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1018267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current evidence on the associations between plasma thyroid stimulating hormone and Helicobacter pylori infection is conflicting. Therefore, our study aimed to examine TSH in relation to H. pylori infection. METHODS Based on the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 948 participants aged 30 to 85 years. The associations between H. pylori seropositivity and TSH were evaluated using binary logistic regression models. A subgroup analysis stratified by sex, age, and body mass index was conducted. RESULTS A higher serum TSH level was found in subjects with H. pylori seropositive than in subjects with H. pylori seronegative. A significant positive association was found between H. pylori seropositivity and TSH with increasing quartiles of hormonal levels in univariate regression models (Q4 vs Q1: OR = 1.659; 95% CI, 1.152-2.389) and in multivariate regression models (Q4 vs Q1: OR = 1.604; 95% CI, 1.087-2.367). In stratified analyses, the adjusted association of serum TSH with H. pylori seropositivity was statistically significant in male (Q4 vs Q1: OR = 1.894; 95% CI, 1.109-3.235), normal BMI (Q4 vs Q1: OR = 1.894; 95% CI, 1.109-3.235), overweight (Q4 vs Q1: OR = 2.124; 95% CI, 1.047-4.308);, obese (Q4 vs Q1: OR = 0.429; 95% CI, 0.220-0.837), and age over 60 years (Q4 vs Q1: OR = 1.999; 95% CI, 1.118-3.575). CONCLUSION High TSH levels were associated with H. pylori infection, especially among male, overweight and elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dingwei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Xie,
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10
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Wang XS, Xu XH, Jiang G, Ling YH, Ye TT, Zhao YW, Li K, Lei YT, Hu HQ, Chen MW, Wang H. Lack of Association Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and the Risk of Thyroid Nodule Types: A Multicenter Case-Control Studyin China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:766427. [PMID: 34970506 PMCID: PMC8713074 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.766427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is high worldwide, while numerous research has focused on unraveling the relationship between H. pylori infection and extragastric diseases. Although H. pylori infection has been associated with thyroid diseases, including thyroid nodule (TN), the relationship has mainly focused on potential physiological mechanisms and has not been validated by large population epidemiological investigations. Therefore, we thus designed a case-control study comprising participants who received regular health examination between 2017 and 2019. The cases and controls were diagnosed via ultrasound, while TN types were classified according to the guidelines of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS). Moreover, H. pylori infection was determined by C14 urea breath test, while its relationship with TN type risk and severity was analyzed using binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses. A total of 43,411 participants, including 13,036 TN patients and 30,375 controls, were finally recruited in the study. The crude odds ratio (OR) was 1.07 in Model 1 (95% CI = 1.03-1.14) without adjustment compared to the H. pylori non-infection group. However, it was negative in Model 2 (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.97-1.06) after being adjusted for gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure and in Model 3 (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.97-1.06) after being adjusted for total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein on the basis of Model 2. Control variables, including gender, age, BMI, and diastolic pressure, were significantly correlated with the risk of TN types. Additionally, ordinal logistic regression results revealed that H. pylori infection was positively correlated with malignant differentiation of TN (Model 1: OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.11), while Model 2 and Model 3 showed negative results (Model 2: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.96-1.06; Model 3: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.96-1.05). In conclusion, H. pylori infection was not significantly associated with both TN type risk and severity of its malignant differentiation. These findings provide relevant insights for correcting possible misconceptions regarding TN type pathogenesis and will help guide optimization of therapeutic strategies for thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Song Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi-Hai Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Huan Ling
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tian-Tian Ye
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Li
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Ting Lei
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-Qing Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Wei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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11
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Kim TJ, Lee H. Benefits of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on Extragastric Diseases. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HELICOBACTER AND UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2021.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication can reduce the risk of gastric diseases such as gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Since H. pylori was discovered more than 30 years ago, many studies have reported associations between H. pylori infection and extragastric diseases such as immune thrombocytopenia and iron-deficiency anemia. Thus, recent guidelines recommended H. pylori eradication in patients with those diseases. In contrast, although the role of H. pylori eradication in other extragastric diseases remains controversial, there is growing evidence of its benefit on them, especially cardiovascular (ischemic heart disease and stroke), metabolic (dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), neurodegenerative (Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease), autoimmune (Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Raynaud’s syndrome, rosacea, and chronic urticaria), and other (cap polyposis, colorectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, periodontal disease, hyperemesis gravidarum, and osteoporosis) conditions. A recent prospective randomized study reported that H. pylori eradication improved insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. These findings were consistent with the results of a recent meta-analysis. Therefore, well-designed prospective interventional studies are needed to examine the effects of H. pylori eradication on various extragastric diseases.
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12
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Naushad VA, Purayil NK, Badi A, Chandra P, Abuzaid HO, Abuhmaira MM, Lutf A, Paramba F, Varikkodan I, Elzouki ANY. Potential Predictors and Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Adult Patients With Dyspepsia: A Retrospective Study From Qatar. Cureus 2021; 13:e16216. [PMID: 34367816 PMCID: PMC8341225 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To study the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among dyspeptic patients of various ethnic origins in Qatar and determine the association between H. pylori infection and various demographic factors and endoscopic findings. Methods A retrospective data review was carried at Alkhor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar. Adult patients who underwent endoscopy for the evaluation of dyspepsia between January 2011 to December 2017 were included. Patients who underwent endoscopy for reasons other than dyspepsia and those with incomplete data were excluded. Results Of the 638 subjects included, 58.9% were males, and the mean age of the subjects was 42.2 years (range 18-79 years). Epigastric pain (80.6%) was the most common symptom, followed by heartburn (26.2%). Forty point nine percent (40.9%) had a positive Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test for H. pylori. A higher prevalence of H. pylori infection was observed among subjects between 31-50 years of age (43.6%) and 18-30 years (40.5%), and in Asian (42.2%) and Middle East and North African nationals (MENA) nationals (40%). Among the endoscopic findings, esophagitis (P=0.002) and gastritis (P=0.001) showed a statistically significant correlation with H. pylori positivity. Univariate regression analysis revealed an increased risk for H. pylori infection among all age groups except above 65 years, with an odds ratio (OR) of more than 2 in all the three age groups. Among various ethnicities, patients from Asia and MENA countries showed an increased risk of getting H. pylori infection (OR 1.16, 95% CI; 0.77,1.75 and OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.70,-1.61 respectively). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that subjects with endoscopic findings of esophagitis (adjusted OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.19, 2.34; P=0.003), gastritis (adjusted OR 1.79, 95%CI 1.27, 2.57; P=0.001), and duodenal ulcer (adjusted OR 2.41, 95%CI 1.24, 4.70; P=0.010) remained significantly associated with an increased risk of having H. pylori infection. Conclusion The burden of H. pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia undergoing endoscopy is not low in Qatar. Less than 65 years of age, Asian nationals, and being from the MENA region were the demographic predictors for H. pylori infection. The finding of esophagitis, gastritis, and duodenal ulcer on endoscopy were independent endoscopic predictors for having H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamanjore A Naushad
- Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, QAT
| | - Nishan K Purayil
- Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Ahmad Badi
- Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Prem Chandra
- Medical Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
| | - Hassan O Abuzaid
- Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Mohamed Milad Abuhmaira
- Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Abdo Lutf
- Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Firjeeth Paramba
- Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, QAT
| | | | - Abdel-Naser Y Elzouki
- Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT.,Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, QAT
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13
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Youssefi M, Tafaghodi M, Farsiani H, Ghazvini K, Keikha M. Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune diseases; Is there an association with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune atrophy gastritis and autoimmune pancreatitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis study. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 54:359-369. [PMID: 32891538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Youssefi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tafaghodi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Keikha
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Elkoshi Z. The Binary Classification of Protein Kinases. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:929-947. [PMID: 33776467 PMCID: PMC7988341 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s303750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In an earlier publication a binary model for chronic diseases classification has been proposed. According to the model, chronic diseases were classified as “high Treg” or “low Treg” diseases, depending on whether the immune response is anti- or pro-inflammatory and assuming that regulatory T cells are major determinants of the response. It turned out that most cancers are “high Treg” diseases, while autoimmune diseases are “low Treg”. This paper proposes a molecular cause for this binary response. The mechanism proposed depends on the effect of protein kinases on the immune system. Thus, protein kinases are classified as anti- or pro-inflammatory kinases depending on whether they drive “high Treg” or “low Treg” diseases. Observations reported in the earlier publication can be described in terms of anti-inflammatory kinase (AIK) or pro-inflammatory kinase (PIK) activity. Analysis of literature data reveals that the two classes of kinases display distinctive properties relating to their interactions with pathogens and environmental factors. Pathogens that promote Treg activity (“high Treg” pathogens) activate AIKs, while pathogens that suppress Treg activity (“low Treg” pathogens) activate PIKs. Diseases driven by AIKs are associated with “high Treg” pathogens while those diseases driven by PIKs are associated with “low Treg” pathogens. By promoting the activity of AIKs, alcohol consumption increases the risk of “high Treg” cancers but decreases the risk of some “low Treg” autoimmune diseases. JAK1 gain-of-function mutations are observed at high frequencies in autoimmune diseases while JAK1 loss-of-function mutations are observed at high frequencies in cancers with high tumor-infiltrating Tregs. It should also be noted that the corresponding two classes of protein kinase inhibitors are mutually exclusive in terms of their approved therapeutic indications. There is no protein kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of both autoimmune diseases and “high Treg” cancers. Although there are exceptions to the conclusions presented above, these conclusions are supported by the great bulk of published data. It therefore seems that the binary division of protein kinases is a useful tool for elucidating (at the molecular level) many distinctive properties of cancers and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Elkoshi
- Research and Development Department, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Haifa, Israel
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15
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Yue CY, Peng Y, Gao CB, Zhang GS, Zhang F, Dong LL. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A prospective study. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:75-80. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common autoimmune disease, the incidence of which is increasing year by year, but its etiology and pathogenesis are not very clear. The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a current research hotspot, but whether patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis should undergo routine screening and eradication of H. pylori remains unclear.
AIM To investigate the relationship between H. pylori infection and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and to prospectively investigate the benefit of H. pylori eradication in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in order to provide a reference for the early screening and eradication of H. pylori in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
METHODS A total of 300 Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients with normal thyroid function who first visited the Thyroid Engineering and Technical Treatment Center of our hospital from January to December 2018 were randomly included. Another 300 matched healthy people from the physical examination center were selected as a control group. Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroid globulin antibody (TGAb), and thyroid function were determined by chemiluminescence. H. pylori infection was detected by C-13 urea breath test. The prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was compared between H. pylori infected and non-infected patients. Titers of TPOAb and TGAb between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients in the Hashimoto's thyroiditis group were also compared. H. pylori-positive Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients were randomly divided into a treatment subgroup and non-treatment subgroup; the treatment subgroup received anti-H. pylori treatment, and the non-treatment subgroup did not receive anti-H. pylori treatment. The C13-urea breath test was reviewed 1 mo after the treatment to assess the success of the eradication therapy. The titers of TPOAb and TGAb in the two subgroups were measured 6 and 12 mo after treatment and compared with those before treatment at.
RESULTS The prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in the H. pylori-positive group was 64.67% (194/300), which was significantly higher than that of the H. pylori-negative group [35.33% (106/300), P < 0.05]. In the Hashimoto's thyroiditis group, TPOAb and TGAb were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive patients than in H. pylori-negative patients. After the eradication of H. pylori in the treatment group, the titers of TPOAb and TGAb decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the titers did not change significantly in the non-treatment subgroup.
CONCLUSION The infection rate of H. pylori is higher in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. H. pylori infection can increase TPOAb and TGAb titers in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Eradication of H. pylori significantly reduces TPOAb and TGAb titers in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Early routine screening for H. pylori infection and aggressive eradication are recommended for patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chun-Bin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Gui-Shan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lu-Ling Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
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16
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Pellicano R, Ianiro G, Fagoonee S, Settanni CR, Gasbarrini A. Review: Extragastric diseases and Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2020; 25 Suppl 1:e12741. [PMID: 32918343 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of Helicobacter pylori infection in many extra-gastroduodenal manifestations remains a fascinating field of investigation. However, for several of these supposed associations, the potential pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. The present review highlights the main associations of H pylori with extra-gastroduodenal manifestations reported during the last year. We searched for the most relevant studies on this topic, published between April 2019 and March 2020, identified using the term "Helicobacter" in the MEDLINE/Pubmed database. Consistent data emerged from studies investigating metabolic syndrome and ischaemic cardiovascular diseases. Other reported fields of investigation were hepatology, especially focused on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, neurology, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, as well as dermatology. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), that comprises Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, may originate from a dysregulation of the host's immune response to commensal bacteria in individuals with genetic predisposition. The reduction of biodiversity and other specific imbalances in the faecal microbiome composition of IBD patients compared to that of healthy controls support this hypothesis. In this context, an inverse correlation between H pylori infection and IBD prevalence has been confirmed. Similar results were found in patients with kidney diseases and allergic manifestations. There are indications of the possible involvement of H pylori infection in metabolic syndrome and ischaemic cardiovascular diseases. However, due to a series of factors linked to study designs and the multifactorial pathogenesis of some diseases, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo R Settanni
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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17
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Ponzetto A, Figura N. Clinical phenotype of Graves' disease. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1163-1164. [PMID: 32157662 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| | - N Figura
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
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18
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Chen Z, Chen H, Yu L, Xin H, Kong J, Bai Y, Zeng W, Zhang J, Wu Q, Fan H. Bioinformatic identification of key pathways, hub genes, and microbiota for therapeutic intervention in Helicobacter pylori infection. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1158-1183. [PMID: 32710499 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori infection remain to be defined, and potential interventional microbiota are just beginning to be identified. In this study, gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to integrate three H. pylori infection microarray data sets from the gene expression omnibus database and identified ten hallmark gene sets and 35 Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways that differed between healthy and Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) performed on two of the data sets identified three key gene coexpression modules. These modules contained 54 enriched KEGG pathways, 25 of which overlapped with the GSEA analysis, suggesting potentially important roles in H. pylori-infection. We selected 116 hub genes from the three key modules for in vitro validation at the transcriptional level using H. pylori Sydney Strain 1 and verified the upregulation of 80. WGCNA of the microbiomes based on 20 mucosal samples and a sequence read archive data set revealed four microbiota modules correlated with H. pylori infection. The negatively correlated modules contained 11 microbiome families. These findings provide new insight into the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection and systematically identify 25 key pathways, 80 upregulated hub genes, and 11 families of candidate interventional microbiota for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Cuan-Baltazar Y, Soto-Vega E. Microorganisms associated to thyroid autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102614. [PMID: 32663624 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases are a group of diseases characterized by a dysfunction of the immune system concerning the thyroid gland, associated with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. The thyroid gland autoimmunity has been recognized as multifactorial. It has been reported that microorganisms may play a role on the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves´ disease. These could explain the high incidence of the autoimmune thyroid diseases. Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the microorganisms in which the association with autoimmune thyroid diseases is clearer. The pathophysiologic mechanisms are still not well defined. For H. pylori, molecular mimicry has been the most accepted mechanism. It has been proposed Hepatitis C virus as the trigger of the thyroid autoimmunity by exacerbating the production of thyroid auto-antibodies, while some mention that the real factor that triggers the thyroid autoimmunity is the treatment with Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) by upregulating MHC class I and inducing ligation of CD40+ cells to thyrocytes. Other microorganisms such as Toxoplasma gondii, Human Immunodeficiency virus, Herpes virus and others have reported information about their association with thyroid autoimmune diseases There are no proposals on how these last microorganisms induce thyroid autoimmunity. There is still a lack of evidence on this topic. Further research must be done to determine the interaction of these microorganisms and the best way to manage these patients.
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20
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Kutlu Ö, Doğan Z, Ekşioğlu HM, Kekilli M. Relationship between helicobacter pylori infection and pityriasis versicolor: can helicobacter pylori infection be a new etiologic factor for pityriasis versicolor? Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:771-775. [PMID: 32151117 PMCID: PMC7379430 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1910-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim H. pylori has been found to be related to certain dermatological diseases. However, there is no data as yet to propose an association between H. pylori and pityriasis versicolor. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between H. pylori and pityriasis versicolor. Materials and methods This was a prospective study performed in the Gastroenterology and Dermatology and Venereology departments of the Health Sciences University, Ankara Training and Research Centre. A total of 57 consecutive patients (27 pityriasis versicolor, 30 telogen effluvium) were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology and Venereology. All patients were screened for H. pylori IgG and CagA. In addition, urea breath test was carried out to detect the existence of H. pylori infection. Results There were significantly higher rates of H. pylori positivity, H. pylori IgG in serum in the pityriasis versicolor group compared to the telogen effluvium group (P < 0.05). In addition, the number of patients with dyspeptic complaints was higher in the pityriasis versicolor group than in the telogen effluvium group. The odds ratio for dyspepsia, H. pylori positivity, and H. pylori IgG were 2.48, 1.67, and 1.78, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we found a statistically significant relationship between H. pylori infection and pityriasis versicolor. Therefore, H. pylori eradication could be considered in recurrent pityriasis versicolor patients with dyspepsia. New studies are required to clarify the effect of eradication treatment on the clinical course of pityriasis versicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Kutlu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Zeynal Doğan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Adıyaman Training and Research Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Hatice Meral Ekşioğlu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Kekilli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Helicobacter pylori Infection and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: The Role of Virulent Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 9:antibiotics9010012. [PMID: 31906000 PMCID: PMC7167994 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To verify a possible association between overall H. pylori and CagA+ H. pylori infection and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Methods: Consecutive patients with AITDs admitted to one single centre of Endocrinology during one solar year were examined. The diagnoses were Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) in 76, Graves’ Disease (GD) in 39, and aspecific thyroiditis (AT) in 44 patients. Controls were 136 individuals without AITDs. Median values of fT3, fT4, anti-thyreoglobulin (Tg) antibodies, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in patients were compared with those in controls. H. pylori infection and CagA status were determined serologically. Structural homology of some thyroid proteins with H. pylori antigens was investigated. Results: H. pylori infection prevalence was significantly increased in GD (66.6%) and HT (64.4%) patients, vs. 29.4% of controls and 34.0% of AT. CagA seropositivity was significantly more frequent in GD (46.1%) and HT (46.9%) infected patients, vs. infected controls (20%). fT3 and fT4 median values were significantly decreased in infected CagA+ GD patients vs. uninfected GD patients. IL-1β median values were increased in patients respect to controls, independently of the clinical form of AITD. Median values of IL-6, TNF-α and anti-Tg autoantibodies in CagA infected patients were significantly higher than those measured in infected CagA− and uninfected patients and in infected CagA+ controls. The examined thyroid proteins shared putative conserved domains with numerous bacterial antigens. Conclusions: Overall H. pylori and CagA+ H. pylori infection were associated with GD and HT, putatively through an increased inflammatory status and molecular mimicry.
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Elkoshi Z. The Binary Classification Of Chronic Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:319-333. [PMID: 31908517 PMCID: PMC6927256 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s227279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute diseases start with an insult and end when insult disappears. If the trauma induces an immune reaction (which happens in most cases), this reaction must be terminated with some type of resolution mechanism, when the cause of the trauma ceases. Chronicity develops if insult is permanent or if the resolution mechanism is defective. Another way to reach disease chronicity is a positive feedback loop, whereby the immune reaction activates an internal, insult-like reaction. A distinction between chronic states characterized by a persistent, low suppressive effect and those characterized by a persistent, high suppressive effect of regulatory T cells (Treg), is proposed. This two-class division represents two ways to reach chronicity: (a) by maintaining inflammatory reaction long after insult disappears ("low Treg"), or (b) by suppressing inflammatory reaction prior to the disappearance of insult ("high Treg"). This two-class division may explain the strong association between certain pathogens and cancer, on one hand, and between several other pathogens and autoimmunity, on the other hand. The weak association between autoimmune diseases and HIV infection and the relatively weak association between autoimmune diseases and cancer may be elucidated as well. In addition, the model rationalizes why immune-modulating drugs, which are effective in cancer, are also effective in "high Treg" viral infections, while corticosteroids, which are generally effective in autoimmune diseases, are also effective in other "low Treg" diseases (such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and "low Treg" infections) but are not effective in solid malignancies and "high Treg" infections. Moreover, the model expounds why certain bacteria inhibit tumor growth and why these very bacteria induce autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Elkoshi
- Taro Pharmaceutical Industries, Haifa Bay, Israel
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Fialho A, Fialho A, Nassri A, Muenyi V, Malespin M, Shen B, De Melo SW. Helicobacter pylori is Associated with Less Fistulizing, Stricturing, and Active Colitis in Crohn's Disease Patients. Cureus 2019; 11:e6226. [PMID: 31890426 PMCID: PMC6929244 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A potential protective role of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection against the development of Crohn's disease (CD) has been postulated. There is a lack of studies evaluating the association of HP with CD phenotypes. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and disease activity of patients with CD who were diagnosed with HP infection. Methods The charts of 306 consecutive patients from the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) database at the University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville from January 2014 to July 2016 were reviewed. Ninety-one CD patients who were tested for HP were included, and the frequencies of strictures, fistulas, and colitis in surveillance biopsies in these patients were evaluated. Results Of the 91 CD patients tested for HP, 19 had HP infection. A total of 44 patients had fistulizing/stricturing disease, and 62 patients had active colitis. In the univariate analysis, patients with HP infection had less fistulizing/stricturing disease (21.1% vs. 55.6%, p = 0.009) and less active colitis (42.1% vs. 77.1%, p = 0.005). In the multivariate analysis, HP infection remained as a protective factor for fistulizing/stricturing disease phenotype (OR: 0.22; 95%CI: 0.06-0.97; p = 0.022) and active colitis (OR: 0.186; 95%CI: 0.05-0.65; p = 0.010). Conclusion HP infection was independently associated with less fistulizing/stricturing disease and less active colitis in CD patients. Our study suggests CD patients with a history of HP infection are less prone to complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Fialho
- Internal Medicine: Gastroenterology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Andrea Fialho
- Internal Medicine: Gastroenterology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Ammar Nassri
- Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Valery Muenyi
- Internal Medicine: Gastroenterology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Miguel Malespin
- Internal Medicine: Gastroenterology, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Internal Medicine: Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Silvio W De Melo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
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Reader's Comments: Subclinical Hypothyroidism and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Cardiol 2019; 124:319. [PMID: 31088662 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Family history of autoimmune diseases and risk of gastric cancer: a national cohort study. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 27:221-226. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Helicobacter pylori-induced autoimmune thyroiditis: is the pathogenic link concluded or still a hypothesis? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/mrm.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Isaeva G, Valieva R. Biological characteristics and virulence of Helicobacter pylori. CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2018.1.14-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the most recent data on the biological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (morphological, cultural, biochemical). H. pylori pathogenicity factors promoting colonization, adhesion, biofilm formation, aggression, and cytotoxicity, their contribution to the pathogenesis of diseases as well as the possible relationships with various clinical outcomes are described in detail. The genetic heterogeneity of H. pylori strains which can determine different clinical manifestations and have significance for conducting epidemiological studies is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.Sh. Isaeva
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology; Kazan State Medical University (Kazan, Russia)
| | - R.I. Valieva
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology; KazanState Medical University (Kazan, Russia)
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Hou Y, Sun W, Zhang C, Wang T, Guo X, Wu L, Qin L, Liu T. Meta-analysis of the correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115691-115700. [PMID: 29383192 PMCID: PMC5777804 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study presents a systematic meta-analysis of the correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). Materials and Methods Fifteen articles including 3,046 cases were selected (1,716 observational and 1,330 control cases). These data were analyzed using Stata12.0 meta-analysis software. Results H. pylori infection was positively correlated with the occurrence of AITD (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.72–2.93). Infection with H. pylori strains positive for the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) were positively correlated with AITD (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.07–3.70). There was no significant difference between infections detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other methods (χ2 = 2.151, p = 0.143). Patients with Grave’s disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) were more susceptible to H. pylori infection (GD: OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.68–4.61; HT: OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.44–3.23), while the rate of H. pylori infection did not differ between GD and HT (χ2 = 3.113, p = 0.078). Conclusions H. pylori infection correlated with GD and HT, and the eradication of H. pylori infection could reduce thyroid autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wu
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Sun H, Zhao H, Chen X, Li J, Li B. Early apoptosis of monocytes induced by Helicobacter pylori infection through multiple pathways. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 73:46-51. [PMID: 28302498 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Only a small percentage of people infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) will develop overt chronic gastric diseases. To understand the pathological mechanism, the action of H. pylori on monocyte apoptosis was detected. H. pylori co-culturing with peripheral blood monocytes, THP-1 or U937 cells result in early apoptosis at 6, 12, and 24 h after infection. The phosphorylated Bad and JNK were increased, and Bcl-2 was declined at 6, 12, and 24 h in peripheral blood monocytes after H. pylori infection. The phosphorylated Akt was augmented at 6 and 12 h post-infection. A slow apoptotic response was induced by H. pylori via Bad and Bcl-2 regulators, activated caspase-8 and caspase-9, and JNK at 24 h in THP-1 cells. Meanwhile, only Bad and JNK were involved in regulating U937 cells apoptosis at 24 h after infection. These results supported a novel mechanism of H. pylori escaping from monocytes by upregulation of early apoptosis and inhibition of late apoptosis. The differences among the three cells may reveal why H. pylori-derived disease occurs in relatively few people and provide a pathological mechanism whereby a treatment for H. pylori-derived disease may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Huilin Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Boqing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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Bernardini G, Figura N, Ponzetto A, Marzocchi B, Santucci A. Application of proteomics to the study of Helicobacter pylori and implications for the clinic. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:477-490. [PMID: 28513226 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1331739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastric epithelium and mucous layer of more than half the world's population. H. pylori is a primary human pathogen, responsible for the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulceration and gastric cancer. Proteomics is impacting several aspects of medical research: understanding the molecular basis of infection and disease manifestation, identification of therapeutic targets and discovery of clinically relevant biomarkers. Areas covered: The main aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the contribution of proteomics to the study of H. pylori infection pathophysiology. In particular, we focused on the role of the bacterium and its most important virulence factor, CagA, in the progression of gastric cells transformation and cancer progression. We also discussed the proteomic approaches aimed at the investigation of the host response to bacterial infection. Expert commentary: In the field of proteomics of H. pylori, comprehensive analysis of clinically relevant proteins (functional proteomics) rather than entire proteomes will result in important medical outcomes. Finally, we provided an outlook on the potential development of proteomics in H. pylori research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bernardini
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie , Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Natale Figura
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie , Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Antonio Ponzetto
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Barbara Marzocchi
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie , Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie , Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
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Choi YM, Kim TY, Kim EY, Jang EK, Jeon MJ, Kim WG, Shong YK, Kim WB. Association between thyroid autoimmunity and Helicobacter pylori infection. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:309-313. [PMID: 28092700 PMCID: PMC5339455 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2014.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There have been controversial reports linking Helicobacter pylori infection to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). However, data regarding the relationship are limited for Asian populations, which have an extremely high prevalence of H. pylori infection. We performed this study to investigate the association between H. pylori infection and AITD in Koreans. METHODS This study involved adults aged 30 to 70 years who had visited a health promotion center. A total of 5,502 subjects were analysed. Thyroid status was assessed by free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to H. pylori were measured as an indication of H. pylori infection. We compared the prevalence of TPO-Ab in subjects with and without H. pylori infection. RESULTS H. pylori IgG antibodies were found in 2,875 subjects (52.3%), and TPO-Ab were found in 430 (7.8%). Individuals positive for H. pylori Ab were older than those negative for H. pylori Ab (p < 0.01). The proportion of females was significantly higher in the TPO-Ab positive group (41.0% vs. 64.2%, p < 0.01). Prevalence of TPO-Ab positivity was higher in subjects with H. pylori infection (8.6% vs. 7.00%, p = 0.03), and this association was significant after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.03; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In our study, prevalence of TPO-Ab positivity is more frequent in subjects with H. pylori infection. Our findings suggest H. pylori infection may play a role in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Mi Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Tae Yong Kim, M.D. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3249 Fax: +82-2-3010-6962 E-mail:
| | - Eui Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ji Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Gu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Bae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Hypothesized 40 years ago, molecular mimicry has been thereafter demonstrated as an extremely common mechanism by which microbes elude immune response and modulate biosynthetic/metabolic pathways of the host. In genetically predisposed persons and under particular conditions, molecular mimicry between microbial and human antigens can turn a defensive immune response into autoimmunity. Such triggering role and its pathogenetic importance have been investigated and demonstrated for many autoimmune diseases. However, this is not the case for autoimmune thyroid disease, which appears relatively neglected by this field of research. Here we review the available literature on the possible role of molecular mimicry as a trigger of autoimmune thyroid disease. Additionally, we present the results of in silico search for amino acid sequence homologies between some microbial proteins and thyroid autoantigens, and the potential pathogenetic relevance of such homologies. Relevance stems from the overlap with known autoepitopes and the occurrence of specific HLA-DR binding motifs. Bioinformatics data published by our group support and explain the triggering role of Borrelia, Yersinia, Clostridium botulinum, Rickettsia prowazekii and Helicobacter pylori. Our new data suggest the potential pathogenic importance of Toxoplasma gondii, some Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, Candida albicans, Treponema pallidum and hepatitis C virus in autoimmune thyroid disease, indicating specific molecular targets for future research. Additionally, the consistency between in silico prediction of cross-reactivity and experimental results shows the reliability and usefulness of bioinformatics tools to precisely identify candidate molecules for in vitro and/or in vivo experiments, or at least narrow down their number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program on Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Guarneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Abstract
An association between Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection as environmental risk factors for Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) has been reported. We investigated this hypothesis in women in which HT is more common. Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies against H pylori (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), CagA protein (Western blot assay), circulating antibodies to thyroid antigens, mainly thyroperoxidase (TPOAbs) and thyroglobulin (TgAbs), were tested in 101 females with HT and 111 non-HT control women without a history of autoimmune disease. Thyroid function, socioeconomic status at childhood, and family history of thyroid malfunction were also studied. Forty-seven HT women (46.5%) tested seropositive for H pylori versus 48 controls (43.2%; P = 0.63). The prevalence of anti-CagA antibodies was 21.3% in HT-infected patients and 31.2% in infected controls (P = 0.352). Women with HT were older than the controls at a significance level of 0.03, and higher prevalence of hypothyroidism (69% vs 13.5%, respectively) and family history of thyroid malfunction (59% vs 34%, respectively) (P < 0.001 in both). Body mass index, diaphragmatic hernia, peptic ulcer, heartburn, use of proton pump inhibitors, childhood socioeconomic background, and crowding index showed no significant difference between HT-positive or negative individuals. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that H pylori seropositivity was not associated with HT (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.57-1.83, P = 0.95) and that family thyroid malfunction was independently associated with an increased risk of HT (odds ratio 3.39, 95% confidence interval 1.86-6.18, P < 0.001). No association was found between H pylori infection and HT in women. Family history of thyroid malfunction is a risk factor for HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Shmuely
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Helicobacter Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot and the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Correspondence: Haim Shmuely, Department Medicine D, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 76100, Israel (e-mail: )
| | - Ilan Shimon
- Institute of Endocrinology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Limor Azulay Gitter
- Institute of Endocrinology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Cheng C, Li CP. Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on extra-gastric diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2010-2018. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i13.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization of the stomach and its pathogenic effects is a crucial landmark in modern gastroenterology. There have been many studies reporting that the natural history of many disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma are linked with the presence of this bacterium. Moreover, H. pylori is often involved in the pathogenic processes of a variety of extra-gastric diseases, especially those characterized by persistent and low grade systemic inflammation. The proposed mechanisms ranging from the induction of a low grade inflammatory state to the occurrence of molecular mimicry mechanisms. This paper will review the results of the most important studies on the association of H. pylori infection with extra-gastric diseases, such as autoimmune, neoplastic, cardiovascular and other related disorders, as well as possible mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of these extra-gastric diseases.
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The Effect of Radioactive Iodine Treatment on 14C Urea Breath Test Results in Patients with Hyperthyroidism. Clin Nucl Med 2014; 39:1022-6. [DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Testerman TL, Morris J. Beyond the stomach: An updated view of Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12781-12808. [PMID: 25278678 PMCID: PMC4177463 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an extremely common, yet underappreciated, pathogen that is able to alter host physiology and subvert the host immune response, allowing it to persist for the life of the host. H. pylori is the primary cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In the United States, the annual cost associated with peptic ulcer disease is estimated to be $6 billion and gastric cancer kills over 700000 people per year globally. The prevalence of H. pylori infection remains high (> 50%) in much of the world, although the infection rates are dropping in some developed nations. The drop in H. pylori prevalence could be a double-edged sword, reducing the incidence of gastric diseases while increasing the risk of allergies and esophageal diseases. The list of diseases potentially caused by H. pylori continues to grow; however, mechanistic explanations of how H. pylori could contribute to extragastric diseases lag far behind clinical studies. A number of host factors and H. pylori virulence factors act in concert to determine which individuals are at the highest risk of disease. These include bacterial cytotoxins and polymorphisms in host genes responsible for directing the immune response. This review discusses the latest advances in H. pylori pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Up-to-date information on correlations between H. pylori and extragastric diseases is also provided.
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Franceschi F, Tortora A, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases. Helicobacter 2014; 19 Suppl 1:52-8. [PMID: 25167946 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While Helicobacter pylori infection was initially revealed to be associated only with some gastroduodenal diseases, further studies have shown its possible role in several extragastric diseases. For idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, sideropenic anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency, the diagnosis of H. pylori infection is recommended, and there are many other conditions such as cardiovascular, neurological, dermatological, and respiratory diseases in which H. pylori may possibly play a role. Interestingly, a potential role has also been described for GI neoplastic diseases, including colorectal and pancreatic cancer. Different mechanisms of action have been proposed, ranging from the induction of a low grade inflammatory state to the occurrence of molecular mimicry mechanisms. This review summarizes the results of the most relevant studies published on this topic over the last year.
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Muldoon BT, Mai VQ, Burch HB. Management of Graves' disease: an overview and comparison of clinical practice guidelines with actual practice trends. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2014; 43:495-516. [PMID: 24891174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last century, much has been learned about the pathogenesis, manifestations, and management of Graves' disease leading to the establishment of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. The joint clinical practice guidelines from the American Thyroid Association and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists give recommendations on both the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism. A survey of clinicians performed that same year, however, revealed that current practices diverge from these recently published guidelines in multiple areas. These differences will need to be assessed serially to determine the impact of the guidelines on future clinical practice and perhaps vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky T Muldoon
- Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Building 19, 5th Floor, Bethesda, MD 20889-5600, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Vinh Q Mai
- Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Building 19, 5th Floor, Bethesda, MD 20889-5600, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Henry B Burch
- Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Building 19, 5th Floor, Bethesda, MD 20889-5600, USA; Endocrinology Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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He C, Yang Z, Lu NH. Helicobacter pylori infection and diabetes: Is it a myth or fact? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4607-4617. [PMID: 24782613 PMCID: PMC4000497 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human bacterial pathogens, and infection causes a wide array of gastric disorders, including simple gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric malignancies. Gastrointestinal inflammation caused by H. pylori can influence the absorption of glucose and lipids, which are also abnormal in diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), formerly known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes, is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. It is an emerging pandemic and is rapidly becoming a serious threat to public health. Emerging data now indicate a strong relationship between H. pylori infection and the incidence of T2DM. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes are complex, involving insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, insulin secretion deficiency as a result of pancreas β-cell dysfunction, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity. H. pylori infection is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, and the growing awareness of its role in diabetes is important for the early detection of glucose dysregulation and prevention of T2DM in high-risk communities. This review probes the possible relationship between H. pylori and diabetes according to epidemiological surveys and discusses putative mechanisms underlying this correlation.
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Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach could be considered as one of the most important events of modern gastroenterology. Understanding of the natural history of many disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma, was altered by this discovery. Interestingly, epidemiological studies have also revealed a correlation between H. pylori infection and some diseases localized outside the stomach, especially those characterized by persistent and low-grade systemic inflammation. Of note, H. pylori has an important role in iron deficiency anaemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and vitamin B12 deficiency. Moreover, the association of this bacterial pathogen with many other diseases, including hepatobiliary, pancreatic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders is currently under investigation. In this Review, we summarize the results of the most important studies performed to date surrounding the association of H. pylori infection with extragastric diseases, as well as the strength of the evidence. We also provide information concerning bacterial-host interactions and the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of each of these extragastric diseases.
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Roesler BM, Rabelo-Gonçalves EMA, Zeitune JMR. Virulence Factors of Helicobacter pylori: A Review. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2014; 7:9-17. [PMID: 24833944 PMCID: PMC4019226 DOI: 10.4137/cgast.s13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and can establish a long-term infection of the gastric mucosa, a condition that affects the relative risk of developing various clinical disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori presents a high-level of genetic diversity, which can be an important factor in its adaptation to the host stomach and also for the clinical outcome of infection. There are important H. pylori virulence factors that, along with host characteristics and the external environment, have been associated with the different occurrences of diseases. This review is aimed to analyzing and summarizing the main of them and possible associations with the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M Roesler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ; Center of Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth M A Rabelo-Gonçalves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ; Center of Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M R Zeitune
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ; Center of Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Roubaud Baudron C, Franceschi F, Salles N, Gasbarrini A. Extragastric diseases and Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2013; 18 Suppl 1:44-51. [PMID: 24011245 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last year, several diseases from outside of the gastrointestinal tract have been associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Indeed, this bacterium produces a low-grade inflammatory state, induces molecular mimicry mechanisms, and interferes with the absorbance of nutrients and drugs possibly influencing the occurrence or the evolution of many diseases. In addition to its role in some hematologic conditions, such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic sideropenic anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency, which were included in the current guidelines, several other conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hepatobiliary diseases, and neurologic disorders have also shown promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Roubaud Baudron
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Bordeaux, France; Pôle de Gérontologie Clinique, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U853, Bordeaux, France
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