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Rojas-Prats E, Martinez-Gonzalez L, Gil C, Ramírez D, Martinez A. Druggable cavities and allosteric modulators of the cell division cycle 7 (CDC7) kinase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2301767. [PMID: 38205514 PMCID: PMC10786434 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2301767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 7 kinase (CDC7) has been found overexpressed in many cancer cell lines being also one of the kinases involved in the nuclear protein TDP-43 phosphorylation in vivo. Thus, inhibitors of CDC7 are emerging drug candidates for the treatment of oncological and neurodegenerative unmet diseases. All the known CDC7 inhibitors are ATP-competitives, lacking of selectivity enough for success in clinical trials. As allosteric sites are less conserved among kinase proteins, discovery of allosteric modulators of CDC7 is a great challenge and opportunity in this field.Using different computational approaches, we have here identified new druggable cavities on the human CDC7 structure and subsequently selective CDC7 inhibitors with allosteric modulation mainly targeting the pockets where the interaction between this kinase and its activator DBF4 takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rojas-Prats
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas -Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Martinez-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas -Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de 13 Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas -Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas -Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de 13 Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Yan R, Song Y, Liu D, Yu W, Sun Y, Tang C, Yang X, Ding W, Yu N, Zhang Z, Ling M, Li X, Zhao C, Xing Y. Multi-omics reveals the role of MCM2 and hnRNP K phosphorylation in mouse renal aging through genomic instability. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114115. [PMID: 38844260 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The process of aging is characterized by structural degeneration and functional decline, as well as diminished adaptability and resistance. The aging kidney exhibits a variety of structural and functional impairments. In aging mice, thinning and graying of fur were observed, along with a significant increase in kidney indices compared to young mice. Biochemical indicators revealed elevated levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen and serum uric acid, suggesting impaired kidney function. Histological analysis unveiled glomerular enlargement and sclerosis, severe hyaline degeneration, capillary occlusion, lymphocyte infiltration, tubular and glomerular fibrosis, and increased collagen deposition. Observations under electron microscopy showed thickened basement membranes, altered foot processes, and increased mesangium and mesangial matrix. Molecular marker analysis indicated upregulation of aging-related β-galactosidase, p16-INK4A, and the DNA damage marker γH2AX in the kidneys of aged mice. In metabolomics, a total of 62 significantly different metabolites were identified, and 10 pathways were enriched. We propose that citrulline, dopamine, and indoxyl sulfate have the potential to serve as markers of kidney damage related to aging in the future. Phosphoproteomics analysis identified 6656 phosphosites across 1555 proteins, annotated to 62 pathways, and indicated increased phosphorylation at the Ser27 site of Minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (Mcm2) and decreased at the Ser284 site of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), with these modifications being confirmed by western blotting. The phosphorylation changes in these molecules may contribute to aging by affecting genome stability. Eleven common pathways were detected in both omics, including arginine biosynthesis, purine metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, etc., which are closely associated with aging and renal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiping Song
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhuo Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Congmin Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuechun Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Yu
- Shandong Precision Medicine Engineering Laboratory of Bacterial Anti-tumor Drugs, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingying Ling
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanli Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanqiu Xing
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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3
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Yang X, Liu P, He H, Qi D, Yan L. Comprehensive analysis of ovarian granulosa cell proteomics and phosphoproteomics in PCOS patients without insulin resistance. Mol Hum Reprod 2024; 30:gaae005. [PMID: 38291901 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PCOS is a complex and heterogeneous metabolic disorder that affects 6-20% of women of reproductive age. However, research on phosphorylation modification proteomics in PCOS remains lacking. PCOS can be divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of insulin resistance: PCOS with insulin resistance (PCOS-IR) and PCOS non-insulin resistant (PCOS-NIR). This study focused on the group without insulin resistance. Twenty-one PCOS-NIR and 39 control-NIR (Ctrl-NIR) patients were included in this study. All participants underwent ICSI or IVF-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment in a reproductive center from July 2020 to November 2020. During oocyte retrieval, fresh follicular fluid was aspirated, collected, and sent to the laboratory for analysis of the granulosa cells. A 4D-label-free proteome quantification method was performed in this study; this was used to analyze protein enzymatic peptide fragments by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Bioinformatic analysis was performed on differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially phosphorylated proteins (DPPs). A total of 713 DEPs were identified between the two groups, including 293 upregulated and 420 downregulated DEPs in the PCOS-NIR group. There were 522 and 159 proteins with increased and decreased phosphorylation, respectively, in the PCOS-NIR group. After analyzing the different phosphorylation modification sites, 933 sites with upregulated and 211 sites with downregulated phosphorylation were found in the PCOS-NIR group. In this study, we describe the quantitative protein expression profiles and phosphorylation-modified protein expression profiles of ovarian granulosa cells from patients with PCOS-NIR, providing a new research perspective for these patients. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of protein phosphorylation in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongcheng He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Qi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Stewart GS. DONSON: Slding in 2 the limelight. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 134:103616. [PMID: 38159447 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
For over a decade, it has been known that yeast Sld2, Dpb11, GINS and Polε form the pre-loading complex (pre-LC), which is recruited to a CDC45-bound MCM2-7 complex by the Sld3/Sld7 heterodimer in a phospho-dependent manner. Whilst functional orthologs of Dbp11 (TOPBP1), Sld3 (TICRR) and Sld7 (MTBP) have been identified in metazoans, controversy has surrounded the identity of the Sld2 ortholog. It was originally proposed that the RECQ helicase, RECQL4, which is mutated in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, represented the closest vertebrate ortholog of Sld2 due to a small region of sequence homology at its N-Terminus. However, there is no clear evidence that RECQL4 is required for CMG loading. Recently, new findings suggest that the functional ortholog of Sld2 is actually DONSON, a replication fork stability factor mutated in a range of neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by microcephaly, short stature and limb abnormalities. These studies show that DONSON forms a complex with TOPBP1, GINS and Polε analogous to the pre-LC in yeast, which is required to position the GINS complex on the MCM complex and initiate DNA replication. Taken together with previously published functions for DONSON, these observations indicate that DONSON plays two roles in regulating DNA replication, one in promoting replication initiation and one in stabilising the fork during elongation. Combined, these findings may help to uncover why DONSON mutations are associated with such a wide range of clinical deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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5
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He L, Lu Z, Zhang Y, Yan L, Ma L, Dong X, Wu Z, Dai Z, Tan B, Sun R, Sun S, Li C. The effect of polystyrene nanoplastics on arsenic-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115814. [PMID: 38100851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are detrimental to the environment. However, the combined effects of microplastics and arsenic (As) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of polystyrene (PS) microplastics and As on HepG2 cells. The results showed that PS microplastics 20, 50, 200, and 500 nm in size were taken up by HepG2 cells, causing a decrease in cellular mitochondrial membrane potential. The results of lactate dehydrogenase release and flow cytometry showed that PS microplastics, especially those of 50 nm, enhanced As-induced apoptosis. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed that TP53, AKT1, CASP3, ACTB, BCL2L1, CASP8, XIAP, MCL1, NFKBIA, and CASP7 were the top 10 hub genes for PS that enhanced the role of As in HepG2 cell apoptosis. Our results suggest that nano-PS enhances As-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, this study is important for a better understanding of the role of microplastics in As-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Zifan Lu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, PR China
| | - Linhong Yan
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, PR China
| | - Lihua Ma
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Dong
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, PR China
| | - Zijie Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Zhenqing Dai
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Baoyi Tan
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Ruikun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Shengli Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Chengyong Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China.
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6
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Hori K, Yamazaki S, Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Ono T, Iguchi T, Masai H. Cdc7 kinase is required for postnatal brain development. Genes Cells 2023; 28:679-693. [PMID: 37584256 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionally conserved Cdc7 kinase plays crucial roles in initiation of DNA replication as well as in other chromosomal events. To examine the roles of Cdc7 in brain development, we have generated mice carrying Cdc7 knockout in neural stem cells by using Nestin-Cre. The Cdc7Fl/Fl NestinCre mice were born, but exhibited severe growth retardation and impaired postnatal brain development. These mice exhibited motor dysfunction within 9 days after birth and did not survive for more than 19 days. The cerebral cortical layer formation was impaired, although the cortical cell numbers were not altered in the mutant. In the cerebellum undergoing hypoplasia, granule cells (CGC) decreased in number in Cdc7Fl/F l NestinCre mice compared to the control at E15-18, suggesting that Cdc7 is required for DNA replication and cell proliferation of CGC at mid embryonic stage (before embryonic day 15). On the other hand, the Purkinje cell numbers were not altered but its layer formation was impaired in the mutant. These results indicate differential roles of Cdc7 in DNA replication/cell proliferation in brain. Furthermore, the defects of layer formation suggest a possibility that Cdc7 may play an additional role in cell migration during neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hori
- Genome Dynamics Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Genome Dynamics Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomio Ono
- Laboratory for Transgenic Technology, Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iguchi
- Genome Dynamics Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisao Masai
- Genome Dynamics Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
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7
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Hashimoto Y, Sadano K, Miyata N, Ito H, Tanaka H. Novel role of DONSON in CMG helicase assembly during vertebrate DNA replication initiation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114131. [PMID: 37458194 PMCID: PMC10476173 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) helicase assembly at the replication origin is the culmination of eukaryotic DNA replication initiation. This process can be reconstructed in vitro using defined factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, in vertebrates, origin-dependent CMG formation has not yet been achieved partly due to the lack of a complete set of known initiator proteins. Since a microcephaly gene product, DONSON, was reported to remodel the CMG helicase under replication stress, we analyzed its role in DNA replication using a Xenopus cell-free system. We found that DONSON was essential for the replisome assembly. In vertebrates, DONSON physically interacted with GINS and Polε via its conserved N-terminal PGY and NPF motifs, and the DONSON-GINS interaction contributed to the replisome assembly. DONSON's chromatin association during replication initiation required the pre-replicative complex, TopBP1, and kinase activities of S-CDK and DDK. Both S-CDK and DDK required DONSON to trigger replication initiation. Moreover, human DONSON could substitute for the Xenopus protein in a cell-free system. These findings indicate that vertebrate DONSON is a novel initiator protein essential for CMG helicase assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitami Hashimoto
- School of Life SciencesTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Kota Sadano
- School of Life SciencesTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Nene Miyata
- School of Life SciencesTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Haruka Ito
- School of Life SciencesTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- School of Life SciencesTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesTokyoJapan
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Xiang S, Luo X, Welch D, Reed DR, Alexandrow MG. Identification of Selective ATP-Competitive CMG Helicase Inhibitors for Cancer Intervention that Disrupt CMG-Replisome Function. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3182731. [PMID: 37609279 PMCID: PMC10441460 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3182731/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The human CMG helicase (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) is a novel target for anti-cancer therapy due to tumor-specific weaknesses in CMG function induced by oncogenic changes and the need for CMG function during recovery from replicative stresses such as chemotherapy. Here, we developed an orthogonal biochemical screening approach and identified selective CMG inhibitors (CMGi) that inhibit ATPase and helicase activities in an ATP-competitive manner at low micromolar concentrations. Structure-activity information and in silico docking indicate that CMGi occupy ATP binding sites and channels within MCM subunits leading to the ATP clefts, which are likely used for ATP/ADP ingress or egress. CMGi inhibit cell growth and DNA replication using multiple molecular mechanisms. CMGi block helicase assembly steps that require ATP binding/hydrolysis by the MCM complex, specifically MCM ring assembly on DNA and GINS recruitment to DNA-loaded MCM hexamers. During S-phase, inhibition of MCM ATP binding/hydrolysis by CMGi causes a 'reverse allosteric' dissociation of Cdc45/GINS from the CMG that destabilizes the replisome and disrupts interactions with Ctf4, Mcm10, and DNA polymerase-α, -δ, -ε, resulting in DNA damage. These novel CMGi are selectively toxic toward tumor cells and define a new class of CMG helicase-targeted anti-cancer compounds with distinct mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Xiang
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
- Molecular Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Xingju Luo
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
- Molecular Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Darcy Welch
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Damon R. Reed
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Mark G. Alexandrow
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
- Molecular Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
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Willemsen M, Barber JS, Nieuwenhove EV, Staels F, Gerbaux M, Neumann J, Prezzemolo T, Pasciuto E, Lagou V, Boeckx N, Filtjens J, De Visscher A, Matthys P, Schrijvers R, Tousseyn T, O'Driscoll M, Bucciol G, Schlenner S, Meyts I, Humblet-Baron S, Liston A. Homozygous DBF4 mutation as a cause of severe congenital neutropenia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:266-277. [PMID: 36841265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe congenital neutropenia presents with recurrent infections early in life as a result of arrested granulopoiesis. Multiple genetic defects are known to block granulocyte differentiation; however, a genetic cause remains unknown in approximately 40% of cases. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize a patient with severe congenital neutropenia and syndromic features without a genetic diagnosis. METHODS Whole exome sequencing results were validated using flow cytometry, Western blotting, coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative PCR, cell cycle and proliferation analysis of lymphocytes and fibroblasts and granulocytic differentiation of primary CD34+ and HL-60 cells. RESULTS We identified a homozygous missense mutation in DBF4 in a patient with mild extra-uterine growth retardation, facial dysmorphism and severe congenital neutropenia. DBF4 is the regulatory subunit of the CDC7 kinase, together known as DBF4-dependent kinase (DDK), the complex essential for DNA replication initiation. The DBF4 variant demonstrated impaired ability to bind CDC7, resulting in decreased DDK-mediated phosphorylation, defective S-phase entry and progression and impaired differentiation of granulocytes associated with activation of the p53-p21 pathway. The introduction of wild-type DBF4 into patient CD34+ cells rescued the promyelocyte differentiation arrest. CONCLUSION Hypomorphic DBF4 mutation causes autosomal-recessive severe congenital neutropenia with syndromic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Willemsen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John S Barber
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erika Van Nieuwenhove
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Staels
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margaux Gerbaux
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Pediatric Department, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julika Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Teresa Prezzemolo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emanuela Pasciuto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy Boeckx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jessica Filtjens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuve, Belgium
| | - Amber De Visscher
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuve, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuve, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark O'Driscoll
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Bucciol
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven
| | - Susan Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven.
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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10
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Casado P, Rio-Machin A, Miettinen JJ, Bewicke-Copley F, Rouault-Pierre K, Krizsan S, Parsons A, Rajeeve V, Miraki-Moud F, Taussig DC, Bödör C, Gribben J, Heckman C, Fitzgibbon J, Cutillas PR. Integrative phosphoproteomics defines two biologically distinct groups of KMT2A rearranged acute myeloid leukaemia with different drug response phenotypes. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:80. [PMID: 36843114 PMCID: PMC9968719 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients harbouring certain chromosome abnormalities have particularly adverse prognosis. For these patients, targeted therapies have not yet made a significant clinical impact. To understand the molecular landscape of poor prognosis AML we profiled 74 patients from two different centres (in UK and Finland) at the proteomic, phosphoproteomic and drug response phenotypic levels. These data were complemented with transcriptomics analysis for 39 cases. Data integration highlighted a phosphoproteomics signature that define two biologically distinct groups of KMT2A rearranged leukaemia, which we term MLLGA and MLLGB. MLLGA presented increased DOT1L phosphorylation, HOXA gene expression, CDK1 activity and phosphorylation of proteins involved in RNA metabolism, replication and DNA damage when compared to MLLGB and no KMT2A rearranged samples. MLLGA was particularly sensitive to 15 compounds including genotoxic drugs and inhibitors of mitotic kinases and inosine-5-monosphosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) relative to other cases. Intermediate-risk KMT2A-MLLT3 cases were mainly represented in a third group closer to MLLGA than to MLLGB. The expression of IMPDH2 and multiple nucleolar proteins was higher in MLLGA and correlated with the response to IMPDH inhibition in KMT2A rearranged leukaemia, suggesting a role of the nucleolar activity in sensitivity to treatment. In summary, our multilayer molecular profiling of AML with poor prognosis and KMT2A-MLLT3 karyotypes identified a phosphoproteomics signature that defines two biologically and phenotypically distinct groups of KMT2A rearranged leukaemia. These data provide a rationale for the potential development of specific therapies for AML patients characterised by the MLLGA phosphoproteomics signature identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Casado
- Cell Signalling and Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Ana Rio-Machin
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Juho J Miettinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Findlay Bewicke-Copley
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Szilvia Krizsan
- HCEMM-SU Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alun Parsons
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Cell Signalling and Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Farideh Miraki-Moud
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - David C Taussig
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Csaba Bödör
- HCEMM-SU Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - John Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Caroline Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- Cell Signalling and Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M6BQ, UK.
- The Alan Turing Institute, The British Library, 2QR, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB, UK.
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11
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Song HY, Shen R, Mahasin H, Guo YN, Wang DG. DNA replication: Mechanisms and therapeutic interventions for diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e210. [PMID: 36776764 PMCID: PMC9899494 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and integral cellular DNA replication is modulated by multiple replication-associated proteins, which is fundamental to preserve genome stability. Furthermore, replication proteins cooperate with multiple DNA damage factors to deal with replication stress through mechanisms beyond their role in replication. Cancer cells with chronic replication stress exhibit aberrant DNA replication and DNA damage response, providing an exploitable therapeutic target in tumors. Numerous evidence has indicated that posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of replication proteins present distinct functions in DNA replication and respond to replication stress. In addition, abundant replication proteins are involved in tumorigenesis and development, which act as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in some tumors, implying these proteins act as therapeutic targets in clinical. Replication-target cancer therapy emerges as the times require. In this context, we outline the current investigation of the DNA replication mechanism, and simultaneously enumerate the aberrant expression of replication proteins as hallmark for various diseases, revealing their therapeutic potential for target therapy. Meanwhile, we also discuss current observations that the novel PTM of replication proteins in response to replication stress, which seems to be a promising strategy to eliminate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yun Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Rong Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Hamid Mahasin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Ya-Nan Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - De-Gui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
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12
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The human pre-replication complex is an open complex. Cell 2023; 186:98-111.e21. [PMID: 36608662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, DNA replication initiation requires assembly and activation of the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) 2-7 double hexamer (DH) to melt origin DNA strands. However, the mechanism for this initial melting is unknown. Here, we report a 2.59-Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human MCM-DH (hMCM-DH), also known as the pre-replication complex. In this structure, the hMCM-DH with a constricted central channel untwists and stretches the DNA strands such that almost a half turn of the bound duplex DNA is distorted with 1 base pair completely separated, generating an initial open structure (IOS) at the hexamer junction. Disturbing the IOS inhibits DH formation and replication initiation. Mapping of hMCM-DH footprints indicates that IOSs are distributed across the genome in large clusters aligning well with initiation zones designed for stochastic origin firing. This work unravels an intrinsic mechanism that couples DH formation with initial DNA melting to license replication initiation in human cells.
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13
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Zhou Y, He X, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Yu Y, Wu W, Zhang C, Li J, Guo Y, Chen X, Liu Z, Zhao J, Liu K, Dong Z. Repurposed benzydamine targeting CDK2 suppresses the growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Med 2022; 17:290-303. [PMID: 36580233 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. It is urgent to develop new drugs to improve the prognosis of ESCC patients. Here, we found benzydamine, a locally acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, had potent cytotoxic effect on ESCC cells. Benzydamine could suppress ESCC proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In terms of mechanism, CDK2 was identified as a target of benzydamine by molecular docking, pull-down assay and in vitro kinase assay. Specifically, benzydamine inhibited the growth of ESCC cells by inhibiting CDK2 activity and affecting downstream phosphorylation of MCM2, c-Myc and Rb, resulting in cell cycle arrest. Our study illustrates that benzydamine inhibits the growth of ESCC cells by downregulating the CDK2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Zhou
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xinyu He
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yin Yu
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xinhuan Chen
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zhicai Liu
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,Oncology Department, The Tumor Hospital of Linzhou City, Linzhou, 456500, China
| | - Jimin Zhao
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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14
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Neizer-Ashun F, Dwivedi S, Dey A, Thavathiru E, Berry W, Lees-Miller S, Mukherjee P, Bhattacharya R. KRCC1, a modulator of the DNA damage response. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11028-11039. [PMID: 36243983 PMCID: PMC9638924 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysine-rich coiled-coil 1 (KRCC1) protein is overexpressed in multiple malignancies, including ovarian cancer, and overexpression correlates with poor overall survival. Despite a potential role in cancer progression, the biology of KRCC1 remains elusive. Here, we characterize the biology of KRCC1 and define its role in the DNA damage response and in cell cycle progression. We demonstrate that KRCC1 associates with the checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) upon DNA damage and regulates the CHK1-mediated checkpoint. KRCC1 facilitates RAD51 recombinase foci formation and augments homologous recombination repair. Furthermore, KRCC1 is required for proper S-phase progression and subsequent mitotic entry. Our findings uncover a novel component of the DNA damage response and a potential link between cell cycle, associated damage response and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiifi Neizer-Ashun
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Elangovan Thavathiru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - William L Berry
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Susan Patricia Lees-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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15
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MCM2 in human cancer: functions, mechanisms, and clinical significance. Mol Med 2022; 28:128. [PMID: 36303105 PMCID: PMC9615236 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant DNA replication is the main source of genomic instability that leads to tumorigenesis and progression. MCM2, a core subunit of eukaryotic helicase, plays a vital role in DNA replication. The dysfunction of MCM2 results in the occurrence and progression of multiple cancers through impairing DNA replication and cell proliferation. Conclusions MCM2 is a vital regulator in DNA replication. The overexpression of MCM2 was detected in multiple types of cancers, and the dysfunction of MCM2 was correlated with the progression and poor prognoses of malignant tumors. According to the altered expression of MCM2 and its correlation with clinicopathological features of cancer patients, MCM2 was thought to be a sensitive biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and chemotherapy response. The anti-tumor effect induced by MCM2 inhibition implies the potential of MCM2 to be a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Since DNA replication stress, which may stimulate anti-tumor immunity, frequently occurs in MCM2 deficient cells, it also proposes the possibility that MCM2 targeting improves the effect of tumor immunotherapy.
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16
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Sun Z, Zhang J, Zeng F, Zhang S, Chai Z, Luo J, Cao J. Differentially Expressed mRNAs and Potential Mechanisms of
Radiation-Induced TUT4 −/− Esophageal Cell Injury. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221136810. [PMCID: PMC9620258 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221136810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced esophageal injury remains a limitation for the process of
radiotherapy for lung and esophageal cancer patients. Esophageal epithelial
cells are extremely sensitive to irradiation, nevertheless, factors involved in
the radiosensitivity of esophageal epithelial cells are still unknown. Terminal
uridyl transferase 4 (TUT4) could modify the sequence of miRNAs, which affect
their regulation on miRNA targets and function. In this study, we used
transcriptome sequencing technology to identify mRNAs that were differentially
expressed before and after radiotherapy in esophageal epithelial cells. We
further explored the mRNA expression profiles between wild-type and TUT4
knockout esophageal epithelial cells. Volcano and heatmap plots unsupervised
hierarchical clustering analysis were performed to classify the samples.
Enrichment analysis on Gene Ontology functional annotations and Kyoto
Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways was performed. We annotated
differential genes from metabolism, genetic information processing,
environmental information processing, cellular processes, and organismal systems
human diseases. The aberrantly expressed genes are significantly enriched in
irradiation-related biological processes, such as DNA replication, ferroptosis,
and cell cycle. Moreover, we explored the distribution of transcription factor
family and its target genes in differential genes. These mRNAs might serve as
therapeutic targets in TUT4-related radiation-induced esophageal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sun
- School of Radiation Medicine and
Protection,
Medical
College of Soochow University, Suzhou,
China,Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of
Radiotherapy,
The
Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical
University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fanye Zeng
- Second Department of Medical
Oncology,
The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical
University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and
Protection,
Medical
College of Soochow University, Suzhou,
China,Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- School of Radiation Medicine and
Protection,
Medical
College of Soochow University, Suzhou,
China,Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of
Radiotherapy,
The
Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical
University, Changzhou, China,Judong Luo, Department of Radiotherapy, The
Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,
Tianning District, Changzhou 213000, China.
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and
Protection,
Medical
College of Soochow University, Suzhou,
China,Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions, Suzhou, China
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17
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Chava S, Bugide S, Malvi P, Gupta R. Co-targeting of specific epigenetic regulators in combination with CDC7 potently inhibit melanoma growth. iScience 2022; 25:104752. [PMID: 35942091 PMCID: PMC9356103 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer that frequently metastasizes, but current therapies only benefit some patients. Here, we demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase cell division cycle 7 (CDC7) is overexpressed in melanoma, and patients with higher expression have shorter survival. Transcription factor ELK1 regulates CDC7 expression, and CDC7 inhibition promotes cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis, leading to inhibition of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis. Our chemical genetics screen with epigenetic inhibitors revealed stronger melanoma tumor growth inhibition when XL413 is combined with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 or BRPF1/2/3 inhibitor OF1. Mechanistically, XL413 with GSK343 or OF1 synergistically altered the expression of tumor-suppressive genes, leading to higher apoptosis than the single agent alone. Collectively, these results identify CDC7 as a driver of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis that can be targeted alone or in combination with EZH2 or BRPF1/2/3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Suresh Bugide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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18
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Thakur BL, Baris AM, Fu H, Redon CE, Pongor L, Mosavarpour S, Gross J, Jang SM, Sebastian R, Utani K, Jenkins L, Indig F, Aladjem M. Convergence of SIRT1 and ATR signaling to modulate replication origin dormancy. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5111-5128. [PMID: 35524559 PMCID: PMC9122590 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During routine genome duplication, many potential replication origins remain inactive or 'dormant'. Such origin dormancy is achieved, in part, by an interaction with the metabolic sensor SIRT1 deacetylase. We report here that dormant origins are a group of consistent, pre-determined genomic sequences that are distinguished from baseline (i.e. ordinarily active) origins by their preferential association with two phospho-isoforms of the helicase component MCM2. During normal unperturbed cell growth, baseline origins, but not dormant origins, associate with a form of MCM2 that is phosphorylated by DBF4-dependent kinase (DDK) on serine 139 (pS139-MCM2). This association facilitates the initiation of DNA replication from baseline origins. Concomitantly, SIRT1 inhibits Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)-kinase-mediated phosphorylation of MCM2 on serine 108 (pS108-MCM2) by deacetylating the ATR-interacting protein DNA topoisomerase II binding protein 1 (TOPBP1), thereby preventing ATR recruitment to chromatin. In cells devoid of SIRT1 activity, or challenged by replication stress, this inhibition is circumvented, enabling ATR-mediated S108-MCM2 phosphorylation. In turn, pS108-MCM2 enables DDK-mediated phosphorylation on S139-MCM2 and facilitates replication initiation at dormant origins. These observations suggest that replication origin dormancy and activation are regulated by distinct post-translational MCM modifications that reflect a balance between SIRT1 activity and ATR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan L Thakur
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Adrian M Baris
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Haiqing Fu
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Christophe E Redon
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Lorinc S Pongor
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Sara Mosavarpour
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Jacob M Gross
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Sang-Min Jang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Robin Sebastian
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Koichi Utani
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Fred E Indig
- Confocal Imaging Facility, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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19
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Suski JM, Ratnayeke N, Braun M, Zhang T, Strmiska V, Michowski W, Can G, Simoneau A, Snioch K, Cup M, Sullivan CM, Wu X, Nowacka J, Branigan TB, Pack LR, DeCaprio JA, Geng Y, Zou L, Gygi SP, Walter JC, Meyer T, Sicinski P. CDC7-independent G1/S transition revealed by targeted protein degradation. Nature 2022; 605:357-365. [PMID: 35508654 PMCID: PMC9106935 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The entry of mammalian cells into the DNA synthesis phase (S phase) represents a key event in cell division1. According to current models of the cell cycle, the kinase CDC7 constitutes an essential and rate-limiting trigger of DNA replication, acting together with the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2. Here we show that CDC7 is dispensable for cell division of many different cell types, as determined using chemical genetic systems that enable acute shutdown of CDC7 in cultured cells and in live mice. We demonstrate that another cell cycle kinase, CDK1, is also active during G1/S transition both in cycling cells and in cells exiting quiescence. We show that CDC7 and CDK1 perform functionally redundant roles during G1/S transition, and at least one of these kinases must be present to allow S-phase entry. These observations revise our understanding of cell cycle progression by demonstrating that CDK1 physiologically regulates two distinct transitions during cell division cycle, whereas CDC7 has a redundant function in DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Suski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nalin Ratnayeke
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vladislav Strmiska
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wojciech Michowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geylani Can
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antoine Simoneau
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konrad Snioch
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mikolaj Cup
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin M Sullivan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoji Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Nowacka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy B Branigan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsey R Pack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James A DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes C Walter
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Hartono AB, Kang HJ, Shi L, Phipps W, Ungerleider N, Giardina A, Chen W, Spraggon L, Somwar R, Moroz K, Drewry DH, Burow ME, Flemington E, Ladanyi M, Lee SB. Salt-Inducible Kinase 1 is a potential therapeutic target in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:18. [PMID: 35443736 PMCID: PMC9021191 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and aggressive malignant cancer caused by a chromosomal translocation t(11;22)(p13;q12) that produces an oncogenic transcription factor, EWSR1-WT1. EWSR1-WT1 is essential for the initiation and progression of DSRCT. However, the precise mechanism by which EWSR1-WT1 drives DSRCT oncogenesis remains unresolved. Through our integrative gene expression analysis, we identified Salt Inducible Kinase 1 (SIK1) as a direct target of EWSR1-WT1. SIK1 as a member of the AMPK related kinase is involved in many biological processes. We showed that depletion of SIK1 causes inhibition of tumor cell growth, similar to the growth inhibition observed when EWSR1-WT1 is depleted. We further showed that silencing SIK1 leads to cessation of DNA replication in DSRCT cells and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Lastly, combined inhibition of SIK1 and CHEK1with small molecule inhibitors, YKL-05-099 and prexasertib, respectively, showed enhanced cytotoxicity in DSRCT cells compared to inhibition of either kinases alone. This work identified SIK1 as a new potential therapeutic target in DSRCT and the efficacy of SIK1 inhibition may be improved when combined with other intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alifiani Bonita Hartono
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hong-Jun Kang
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lawrence Shi
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Whitney Phipps
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nathan Ungerleider
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alexandra Giardina
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - WeiPing Chen
- Genomics Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Maryland, USA
| | - Lee Spraggon
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David H Drewry
- University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Erik Flemington
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean Bong Lee
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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21
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González‐Garrido C, Prado F. Novel insights into the roles of Cdc7 in response to replication stress. FEBS J 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina González‐Garrido
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa–CABIMER Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Universidad de Sevilla Universidad Pablo de Olavide Spain
| | - Félix Prado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa–CABIMER Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Universidad de Sevilla Universidad Pablo de Olavide Spain
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22
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Chen S, Chen D, Liu B, Haisma HJ. Modulating CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing activity by small molecules. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:951-966. [PMID: 34823004 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated genome engineering has become a standard procedure for creating genetic and epigenetic changes of DNA molecules in basic biology, biotechnology, and medicine. However, its versatile applications have been hampered by its overall low precise gene modification efficiency and uncontrollable prolonged Cas9 activity. Therefore, overcoming these problems could broaden the therapeutic use of CRISPR/Cas9-based technologies. Here, we review small molecules with the clinical potential to precisely modulate CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome-editing activity and discuss their mechanisms of action. Based on these data, we suggest that direct-acting small molecules for Cas9 are more suitable for precisely regulating Cas9 activity. These findings provide useful information for the identification of novel small-molecule enhancers and inhibitors of Cas9 and Cas9-associated endonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Deng Chen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands; RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA(1)
| | - Hidde J Haisma
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands.
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23
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Targeting of Protein Kinase CK2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Using the Clinical-Grade Synthetic-Peptide CIGB-300. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070766. [PMID: 34356831 PMCID: PMC8301452 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an advent that becomes particularly relevant since the treatment of this hematological neoplasia remains challenging. Here we explored for the first time the effect of the clinical-grade peptide-based CK2 inhibitor CIGB-300 on AML cells proliferation and viability. CIGB-300 internalization and subcellular distribution were also studied, and the role of B23/nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), a major target for the peptide in solid tumors, was addressed by knock-down in model cell lines. Finally, pull-down experiments and phosphoproteomic analysis were performed to study CIGB-interacting proteins and identify the array of CK2 substrates differentially modulated after treatment with the peptide. Importantly, CIGB-300 elicited a potent anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effect in AML cells, with more than 80% of peptide transduced cells within three minutes. Unlike solid tumor cells, NPM1 did not appear to be a major target for CIGB-300 in AML cells. However, in vivo pull-down experiments and phosphoproteomic analysis evidenced that CIGB-300 targeted the CK2α catalytic subunit, different ribosomal proteins, and inhibited the phosphorylation of a common CK2 substrates array among both AML backgrounds. Remarkably, our results not only provide cellular and molecular insights unveiling the complexity of the CIGB-300 anti-leukemic effect in AML cells but also reinforce the rationale behind the pharmacologic blockade of protein kinase CK2 for AML-targeted therapy.
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24
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Replication initiation: Implications in genome integrity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 103:103131. [PMID: 33992866 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In every cell cycle, billions of nucleotides need to be duplicated within hours, with extraordinary precision and accuracy. The molecular mechanism by which cells regulate the replication event is very complicated, and the entire process begins way before the onset of S phase. During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, cells prepare by assembling essential replication factors to establish the pre-replicative complex at origins, sites that dictate where replication would initiate during S phase. During S phase, the replication process is tightly coupled with the DNA repair system to ensure the fidelity of replication. Defects in replication and any error must be recognized by DNA damage response and checkpoint signaling pathways in order to halt the cell cycle before cells are allowed to divide. The coordination of these processes throughout the cell cycle is therefore critical to achieve genomic integrity and prevent diseases. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of how the replication initiation events are regulated to achieve genome stability.
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25
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Proteome analysis of endometrial tissue from patients with PCOS reveals proteins predicted to impact the disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8763-8774. [PMID: 33098551 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disease that causes an ovulatory infertility in approximately 10% of reproductive-age women. We searched for candidate proteins that might contribute to endometrial receptivity defects in PCOS patients, and result in adverse reproductive outcomes. Shotgun proteomics approach was used to investigate the proteome profile of the endometrium at the luteal phase in PCOS patients compared to healthy fertile individuals. Biological process and pathway analyses were conducted to categorize the proteins with differential expressions. Confirmation was performed for a number of proteins via immunoblotting in new samples. 150 proteins with higher abundance, and 46 proteins with lower abundance were identified in the endometrial tissue from PCOS patients compared to healthy fertile individuals. The proteins with higher abundance were enriched in protein degradation, cell cycle, and signaling cascades. Proteins with lower abundance in PCOS patients were enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and function, as well as the salvage pathway of purine biosynthesis. Metabolism was the most affected biological process with over 100 up-regulated, and approximately 30 down-regulated proteins. Our results indicate significant imbalances in metabolism, proteasome, cell cycle, ECM related proteins, and signaling cascades in endometrial tissue of PCOS, which may contribute to poor reproductive outcomes in these patients. We postulate that the endometria in PCOS patients may not be well-differentiated and synchronized for implantation. Possible roles of the above-mentioned pathways that underlie implantation failure in PCOS will be discussed. Our findings need to be confirmed in larger populations.
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26
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Zhang J, Shen L, Xiang Q, Ling J, Zhou C, Hu J, Chen L. Proteomics reveals surface electrical property-dependent toxic mechanisms of silver nanoparticles in Chlorella vulgaris. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114743. [PMID: 32534322 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known to exert adverse effects on both humans and aquatic organisms; however, the toxic mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the toxic mechanisms of various AgNPs with different surface electrical properties in the freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris using an advanced proteomics approach with Data-Independent Acquisition. Citrate-coated AgNPs (Cit-AgNPs) and polyethyleneimine-coated AgNPs (PEI-AgNPs) were selected as representatives of negatively and positively charged nanoparticles, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the AgNPs exhibited surface electrical property-dependent effects on the proteomic profile of C. vulgaris. In particular, the negatively charged Cit-AgNPs specifically regulated mitochondrial function-related proteins, resulting in the disruption of several associated metabolic pathways, such as those related to energy metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and amino acid synthesis. In contrast, the positively charged PEI-AgNPs primarily targeted ribosome function-related proteins and interrupted pathways of protein synthesis and DNA genetic information transmission. In addition, Ag+ ions released from the AgNPs had a significant influence on protein regulation and the induction of cellular stress. Collectively, our findings provide new insight into the surface electrical property-dependent proteomic effects of AgNPs on C. vulgaris and should improve our understanding of the toxic mechanisms of AgNPs in freshwater algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Zhang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center for Hydro-Ecology Science & Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center for Hydro-Ecology Science & Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Xiang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center for Hydro-Ecology Science & Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ling
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhua Zhou
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Hu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center for Hydro-Ecology Science & Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center for Hydro-Ecology Science & Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Wienert B, Nguyen DN, Guenther A, Feng SJ, Locke MN, Wyman SK, Shin J, Kazane KR, Gregory GL, Carter MAM, Wright F, Conklin BR, Marson A, Richardson CD, Corn JE. Timed inhibition of CDC7 increases CRISPR-Cas9 mediated templated repair. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2109. [PMID: 32355159 PMCID: PMC7193628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of double strand DNA breaks (DSBs) can result in gene disruption or gene modification via homology directed repair (HDR) from donor DNA. Altering cellular responses to DSBs may rebalance editing outcomes towards HDR and away from other repair outcomes. Here, we utilize a pooled CRISPR screen to define host cell involvement in HDR between a Cas9 DSB and a plasmid double stranded donor DNA (dsDonor). We find that the Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway is required for dsDonor HDR and that other genes act to repress HDR. Small molecule inhibition of one of these repressors, CDC7, by XL413 and other inhibitors increases the efficiency of HDR by up to 3.5 fold in many contexts, including primary T cells. XL413 stimulates HDR during a reversible slowing of S-phase that is unexplored for Cas9-induced HDR. We anticipate that XL413 and other such rationally developed inhibitors will be useful tools for gene modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beeke Wienert
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - David N Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Alexis Guenther
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sharon J Feng
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
| | - Melissa N Locke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
| | - Stacia K Wyman
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
| | - Jiyung Shin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katelynn R Kazane
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
| | | | | | - Francis Wright
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Alex Marson
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, 94129, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Chris D Richardson
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Jacob E Corn
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94703, USA.
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Reed DR, Alexandrow MG. Myc and the Replicative CMG Helicase: The Creation and Destruction of Cancer: Myc Over-Activation of CMG Helicases Drives Tumorigenesis and Creates a Vulnerability in CMGs for Therapeutic Intervention. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900218. [PMID: 32080866 PMCID: PMC8223603 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myc-driven tumorigenesis involves a non-transcriptional role for Myc in over-activating replicative Cdc45-MCM-GINS (CMG) helicases. Excessive stimulation of CMG helicases by Myc mismanages CMG function by diminishing the number of reserve CMGs necessary for fidelity of DNA replication and recovery from replicative stresses. One potential outcome of these events is the creation of DNA damage that alters genomic structure/function, thereby acting as a driver for tumorigenesis and tumor heterogeneity. Intriguingly, another potential outcome of this Myc-induced CMG helicase over-activation is the creation of a vulnerability in cancer whereby tumor cells specifically lack enough unused reserve CMG helicases to recover from fork-stalling drugs commonly used in chemotherapy. This review provides molecular and clinical support for this provocative hypothesis that excessive activation of CMG helicases by Myc may not only drive tumorigenesis, but also confer an exploitable "reserve CMG helicase vulnerability" that supports developing innovative CMG-focused therapeutic approaches for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon R Reed
- Department of Interdisciplinary Cancer Management, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mark G Alexandrow
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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29
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Herr P, Boström J, Rullman E, Rudd SG, Vesterlund M, Lehtiö J, Helleday T, Maddalo G, Altun M. Cell Cycle Profiling Reveals Protein Oscillation, Phosphorylation, and Localization Dynamics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:608-623. [PMID: 32051232 PMCID: PMC7124475 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.001938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is a highly conserved process involving the coordinated separation of a single cell into two daughter cells. To relate transcriptional regulation across the cell cycle with oscillatory changes in protein abundance and activity, we carried out a proteome- and phospho-proteome-wide mass spectrometry profiling. We compared protein dynamics with gene transcription, revealing many transcriptionally regulated G2 mRNAs that only produce a protein shift after mitosis. Integration of CRISPR/Cas9 survivability studies further highlighted proteins essential for cell viability. Analyzing the dynamics of phosphorylation events and protein solubility dynamics over the cell cycle, we characterize predicted phospho-peptide motif distributions and predict cell cycle-dependent translocating proteins, as exemplified by the S-adenosylmethionine synthase MAT2A. Our study implicates this enzyme in translocating to the nucleus after the G1/S-checkpoint, which enables epigenetic histone methylation maintenance during DNA replication. Taken together, this data set provides a unique integrated resource with novel insights on cell cycle dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Herr
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, England
| | - Johan Boström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Rullman
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sean G Rudd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Vesterlund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, England
| | - Gianluca Maddalo
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Altun
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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30
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Wang Y, Wang F, He J, Du J, Zhang H, Shi H, Chen Y, Wei Y, Xue W, Yan J, Feng Y, Gao Y, Li D, Han J, Zhang J. miR-30a-3p Targets MAD2L1 and Regulates Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11313-11324. [PMID: 31908496 PMCID: PMC6927793 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was done to investigate the inhibition effects of miR-30a-3p on mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 1 (MAD2L1) expression and the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Patients and methods Cluster analysis and the TCGA database were used to screen the key genes highly expressed in gastric cancer. Based on the LinkedOmics website, the correlation between the miR-30a-3p and the cell cycle-related target gene MAD2L1 in gastric cancer was analyzed. The mRNA and protein expression levels were detected with the quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. The cell proliferation and cell cycle were also detected and analyzed. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that MAD2L1 was highly expressed in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Compared with normal tissues, the miR-30a-3p was significantly decreased in the gastric cancer tissues. Moreover, MAD2L1 was significantly negatively correlated with the miR-30a-3p expression. Furthermore, over-expression of miR-30a-3p decreased the expression of MAD2L1 at the protein level, which inhibited the proliferation of AGS and BGC-823 gastric cancer cells. In addition, the cell cycles of AGS and BGC-823 cells were arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Conclusion MAD2L1 is a pro-oncogene which is up-regulated in gastric cancer. The miR-30a-3p can down-regulate the MAD2L1 expression, inhibiting the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and affect the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghui Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huahua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yani Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yameng Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjuan Xue
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiming Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China.,Yan'an Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, People's Republic of China
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Phosphoproteomic analysis sheds light on intracellular signaling cascades triggered by Formyl-Peptide Receptor 2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17894. [PMID: 31784636 PMCID: PMC6884478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the family of seven transmembrane Gi-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). FPR2 is considered the most promiscuous member of this family since it recognizes a wide variety of ligands. It plays a crucial role in several physio-pathological processes and different studies highlighted the correlation between its expression and the higher propensity to invasion and metastasis of some cancers. FPR2 stimulation by its synthetic agonist WKYMVm triggers multiple phosphorylations of intracellular signaling molecules, such as ERKs, PKC, PKB, p38MAPK, PI3K, PLC, and of non-signaling proteins, such as p47phox and p67phox which are involved in NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation. Biological effects of FPR2 stimulation include intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, cellular proliferation and migration, and wound healing. A systematic analysis of the phosphoproteome in FPR2-stimulated cells has not been yet reported. Herein, we describe a large-scale phosphoproteomic study in WKYMVm-stimulated CaLu-6 cells. By using high resolution MS/MS we identified 290 differentially phosphorylated proteins and 53 unique phosphopeptides mapping on 40 proteins. Phosphorylations on five selected phospho-proteins were further validated by western blotting, confirming their dependence on FPR2 stimulation. Interconnection between some of the signalling readout identified was also evaluated. Furthermore, we show that FPR2 stimulation with two anti-inflammatory agonists induces the phosphorylation of selected differentially phosphorylated proteins, suggesting their role in the resolution of inflammation. These data provide a promising resource for further studies on new signaling networks triggered by FPR2 and on novel molecular drug targets for human diseases.
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Iwai K, Nambu T, Dairiki R, Ohori M, Yu J, Burke K, Gotou M, Yamamoto Y, Ebara S, Shibata S, Hibino R, Nishizawa S, Miyazaki T, Homma M, Oguro Y, Imada T, Cho N, Uchiyama N, Kogame A, Takeuchi T, Kurasawa O, Yamanaka K, Niu H, Ohashi A. Molecular mechanism and potential target indication of TAK-931, a novel CDC7-selective inhibitor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav3660. [PMID: 31131319 PMCID: PMC6531005 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Replication stress (RS) is a cancer hallmark; chemotherapeutic drugs targeting RS are widely used as treatments for various cancers. To develop next-generation RS-inducing anticancer drugs, cell division cycle 7 (CDC7) has recently attracted attention as a target. We have developed an oral CDC7-selective inhibitor, TAK-931, as a candidate clinical anticancer drug. TAK-931 induced S phase delay and RS. TAK-931-induced RS caused mitotic aberrations through centrosome dysregulation and chromosome missegregation, resulting in irreversible antiproliferative effects in cancer cells. TAK-931 exhibited significant antiproliferative activity in preclinical animal models. Furthermore, in indication-seeking studies using large-scale cell panel data, TAK-931 exhibited higher antiproliferative activities in RAS-mutant versus RAS-wild-type cells; this finding was confirmed in pancreatic patient-derived xenografts. Comparison analysis of cell panel data also demonstrated a unique efficacy spectrum for TAK-931 compared with currently used chemotherapeutic drugs. Our findings help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms for TAK-931 and identify potential target indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Iwai
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Nambu
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Dairiki
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Momoko Ohori
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jie Yu
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristine Burke
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Masamitsu Gotou
- Integrated Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamamoto
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ebara
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachio Shibata
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hibino
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Nishizawa
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Miyazaki
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Misaki Homma
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuya Oguro
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Imada
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Cho
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Uchiyama
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kogame
- DMPK Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takeuchi
- DMPK Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Kurasawa
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamanaka
- Integrated Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Huifeng Niu
- Translational and Biomarker Research, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akihiro Ohashi
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Post-Translational Modifications of the Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Proteins in DNA Replication. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050331. [PMID: 31052337 PMCID: PMC6563057 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) complex, composed of MCM proteins 2-7, is the core component of the replisome that acts as the DNA replicative helicase to unwind duplex DNA and initiate DNA replication. MCM10 tightly binds the cell division control protein 45 homolog (CDC45)/MCM2-7/ DNA replication complex Go-Ichi-Ni-San (GINS) (CMG) complex that stimulates CMG helicase activity. The MCM8-MCM9 complex may have a non-essential role in activating the pre-replicative complex in the gap 1 (G1) phase by recruiting cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) to the origin recognition complex (ORC). Each MCM subunit has a distinct function achieved by differential post-translational modifications (PTMs) in both DNA replication process and response to replication stress. Such PTMs include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylation, O-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc)ylation, and acetylation. These PTMs have an important role in controlling replication progress and genome stability. Because MCM proteins are associated with various human diseases, they are regarded as potential targets for therapeutic development. In this review, we summarize the different PTMs of the MCM proteins, their involvement in DNA replication and disease development, and the potential therapeutic implications.
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34
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Leturcq M, Mortuaire M, Hardivillé S, Schulz C, Lefebvre T, Vercoutter-Edouart AS. O-GlcNAc transferase associates with the MCM2-7 complex and its silencing destabilizes MCM-MCM interactions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4321-4339. [PMID: 30069701 PMCID: PMC6208770 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation of proteins is governed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). The homeostasis of O-GlcNAc cycling is regulated during cell cycle progression and is essential for proper cellular division. We previously reported the O-GlcNAcylation of the minichromosome maintenance proteins MCM2, MCM3, MCM6 and MCM7. These proteins belong to the MCM2-7 complex which is crucial for the initiation of DNA replication through its DNA helicase activity. Here we show that the six subunits of MCM2-7 are O-GlcNAcylated and that O-GlcNAcylation of MCM proteins mainly occurs in the chromatin-bound fraction of synchronized human cells. Moreover, we identify stable interaction between OGT and several MCM subunits. We also show that down-regulation of OGT decreases the chromatin binding of MCM2, MCM6 and MCM7 without affecting their steady-state level. Finally, OGT silencing or OGA inhibition destabilizes MCM2/6 and MCM4/7 interactions in the chromatin-enriched fraction. In conclusion, OGT is a new partner of the MCM2-7 complex and O-GlcNAcylation homeostasis might regulate MCM2-7 complex by regulating the chromatin loading of MCM6 and MCM7 and stabilizing MCM/MCM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Leturcq
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Mortuaire
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Stéphan Hardivillé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
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35
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Moiseeva TN, Bakkenist CJ. Regulation of the initiation of DNA replication in human cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 72:99-106. [PMID: 30266203 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The origin of species would not have been possible without high fidelity DNA replication and complex genomes evolved with mechanisms that control the initiation of DNA replication at multiple origins on multiple chromosomes such that the genome is duplicated once and only once. The mechanisms that control the assembly and activation of the replicative helicase and the initiation of DNA replication in yeast and Xenopus egg extract systems have been identified and reviewed [1,2]. The goal of this review is to organize currently available data on the mechanisms that control the initiation of DNA replication in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Moiseeva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Bakkenist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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36
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Shoaib M, Walter D, Gillespie PJ, Izard F, Fahrenkrog B, Lleres D, Lerdrup M, Johansen JV, Hansen K, Julien E, Blow JJ, Sørensen CS. Histone H4K20 methylation mediated chromatin compaction threshold ensures genome integrity by limiting DNA replication licensing. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3704. [PMID: 30209253 PMCID: PMC6135857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The decompaction and re-establishment of chromatin organization immediately after mitosis is essential for genome regulation. Mechanisms underlying chromatin structure control in daughter cells are not fully understood. Here we show that a chromatin compaction threshold in cells exiting mitosis ensures genome integrity by limiting replication licensing in G1 phase. Upon mitotic exit, chromatin relaxation is controlled by SET8-dependent methylation of histone H4 on lysine 20. In the absence of either SET8 or H4K20 residue, substantial genome-wide chromatin decompaction occurs allowing excessive loading of the origin recognition complex (ORC) in the daughter cells. ORC overloading stimulates aberrant recruitment of the MCM2-7 complex that promotes single-stranded DNA formation and DNA damage. Restoring chromatin compaction restrains excess replication licensing and loss of genome integrity. Our findings identify a cell cycle-specific mechanism whereby fine-tuned chromatin relaxation suppresses excessive detrimental replication licensing and maintains genome integrity at the cellular transition from mitosis to G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - David Walter
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Peter J Gillespie
- Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Fanny Izard
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University of Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer (ICM), F-34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Birthe Fahrenkrog
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Universite Libré de Bruxelles, Charleroi, 6041, Belgium
| | - David Lleres
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Mads Lerdrup
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jens Vilstrup Johansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Klaus Hansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eric Julien
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, University of Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer (ICM), F-34298, Montpellier, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - J Julian Blow
- Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Claus S Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Fei L, Xu H. Role of MCM2-7 protein phosphorylation in human cancer cells. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:43. [PMID: 30062004 PMCID: PMC6056998 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A heterohexameric complex composed of minichromosome maintenance protein 2–7 (MCM2–7), which acts as a key replicative enzyme in eukaryotes, is crucial for initiating DNA synthesis only once per cell cycle. The MCM complex remains inactive through the G1 phase, until the S phase, when it is activated to initiate replication. During the transition from the G1 to S phase, the MCM undergoes multisite phosphorylation, an important change that promotes subsequent assembly of other replisome members. Phosphorylation is crucial for the regulation of MCM activity and function. MCMs can be phosphorylated by multiple kinases and these phosphorylation events are involved not only in DNA replication but also cell cycle progression and checkpoint response. Dysfunctional phosphorylation of MCMs appears to correlate with the occurrence and development of cancers. In this review, we summarize the currently available data regarding the regulatory mechanisms and functional consequences of MCM phosphorylation and seek the probability that protein kinase inhibitor can be used therapeutically to target MCM phosphorylation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangru Fei
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning Province People's Republic of China
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38
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Kamal KY, Herranz R, van Loon JJWA, Medina FJ. Simulated microgravity, Mars gravity, and 2g hypergravity affect cell cycle regulation, ribosome biogenesis, and epigenetics in Arabidopsis cell cultures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6424. [PMID: 29686401 PMCID: PMC5913308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gravity is the only component of Earth environment that remained constant throughout the entire process of biological evolution. However, it is still unclear how gravity affects plant growth and development. In this study, an in vitro cell culture of Arabidopsis thaliana was exposed to different altered gravity conditions, namely simulated reduced gravity (simulated microgravity, simulated Mars gravity) and hypergravity (2g), to study changes in cell proliferation, cell growth, and epigenetics. The effects after 3, 14, and 24-hours of exposure were evaluated. The most relevant alterations were found in the 24-hour treatment, being more significant for simulated reduced gravity than hypergravity. Cell proliferation and growth were uncoupled under simulated reduced gravity, similarly, as found in meristematic cells from seedlings grown in real or simulated microgravity. The distribution of cell cycle phases was changed, as well as the levels and gene transcription of the tested cell cycle regulators. Ribosome biogenesis was decreased, according to levels and gene transcription of nucleolar proteins and the number of inactive nucleoli. Furthermore, we found alterations in the epigenetic modifications of chromatin. These results show that altered gravity effects include a serious disturbance of cell proliferation and growth, which are cellular functions essential for normal plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Y Kamal
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. .,Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raúl Herranz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jack J W A van Loon
- DESC (Dutch Experiment Support Center), Dept. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center & Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,ESA-ESTEC, TEC-MMG, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2200 AG, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - F Javier Medina
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Datta A, Ghatak D, Das S, Banerjee T, Paul A, Butti R, Gorain M, Ghuwalewala S, Roychowdhury A, Alam SK, Das P, Chatterjee R, Dasgupta M, Panda CK, Kundu GC, Roychoudhury S. p53 gain-of-function mutations increase Cdc7-dependent replication initiation. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:2030-2050. [PMID: 28887320 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated p53 missense mutants confer gain of function (GOF) and promote tumorigenesis by regulating crucial signaling pathways. However, the role of GOF mutant p53 in regulating DNA replication, a commonly altered pathway in cancer, is less explored. Here, we show that enhanced Cdc7-dependent replication initiation enables mutant p53 to confer oncogenic phenotypes. We demonstrate that mutant p53 cooperates with the oncogenic transcription factor Myb in vivo and transactivates Cdc7 in cancer cells. Moreover, mutant p53 cells exhibit enhanced levels of Dbf4, promoting the activity of Cdc7/Dbf4 complex. Chromatin enrichment of replication initiation factors and subsequent increase in origin firing confirm increased Cdc7-dependent replication initiation in mutant p53 cells. Further, knockdown of CDC7 significantly abrogates mutant p53-driven cancer phenotypes in vitro and in vivo Importantly, high CDC7 expression significantly correlates with p53 mutational status and predicts poor clinical outcome in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Collectively, this study highlights a novel functional interaction between mutant p53 and the DNA replication pathway in cancer cells. We propose that increased Cdc7-dependent replication initiation is a hallmark of p53 gain-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Datta
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Dishari Ghatak
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sumit Das
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Taraswi Banerjee
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anindita Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Ramesh Butti
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Mahadeo Gorain
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Sangeeta Ghuwalewala
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Roychowdhury
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sk Kayum Alam
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Pijush Das
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Gopal C Kundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India .,Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
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40
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Utani K, Fu H, Jang SM, Marks AB, Smith OK, Zhang Y, Redon CE, Shimizu N, Aladjem MI. Phosphorylated SIRT1 associates with replication origins to prevent excess replication initiation and preserve genomic stability. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7807-7824. [PMID: 28549174 PMCID: PMC5570034 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure affects DNA replication patterns, but the role of specific chromatin modifiers in regulating the replication process is yet unclear. We report that phosphorylation of the human SIRT1 deacetylase on Threonine 530 (T530-pSIRT1) modulates DNA synthesis. T530-pSIRT1 associates with replication origins and inhibits replication from a group of 'dormant' potential replication origins, which initiate replication only when cells are subject to replication stress. Although both active and dormant origins bind T530-pSIRT1, active origins are distinguished from dormant origins by their unique association with an open chromatin mark, histone H3 methylated on lysine 4. SIRT1 phosphorylation also facilitates replication fork elongation. SIRT1 T530 phosphorylation is essential to prevent DNA breakage upon replication stress and cells harboring SIRT1 that cannot be phosphorylated exhibit a high prevalence of extrachromosomal elements, hallmarks of perturbed replication. These observations suggest that SIRT1 phosphorylation modulates the distribution of replication initiation events to insure genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Utani
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haiqing Fu
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sang-Min Jang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna B. Marks
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Owen K. Smith
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christophe E. Redon
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Noriaki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Mirit I. Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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41
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Parker MW, Botchan MR, Berger JM. Mechanisms and regulation of DNA replication initiation in eukaryotes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:107-144. [PMID: 28094588 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1274717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular DNA replication is initiated through the action of multiprotein complexes that recognize replication start sites in the chromosome (termed origins) and facilitate duplex DNA melting within these regions. In a typical cell cycle, initiation occurs only once per origin and each round of replication is tightly coupled to cell division. To avoid aberrant origin firing and re-replication, eukaryotes tightly regulate two events in the initiation process: loading of the replicative helicase, MCM2-7, onto chromatin by the origin recognition complex (ORC), and subsequent activation of the helicase by its incorporation into a complex known as the CMG. Recent work has begun to reveal the details of an orchestrated and sequential exchange of initiation factors on DNA that give rise to a replication-competent complex, the replisome. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that underpin eukaryotic DNA replication initiation - from selecting replication start sites to replicative helicase loading and activation - and describe how these events are often distinctly regulated across different eukaryotic model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Parker
- a Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Michael R Botchan
- b Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , CA , USA
| | - James M Berger
- a Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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42
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RNAi-mediated knockdown of MCM7 gene on CML cells and its therapeutic potential for leukemia. Med Oncol 2017; 34:21. [PMID: 28058629 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MCM7 is one of the subunits of MCM2-7 complex, which is essential to DNA replication licensing and the control of cell cycle progression. It has been demonstrated that MCM7 participates in mRNA transcription and DNA damage regulation as well. MCM7 gene is found to be over-expressed in multiple cancers, but there are few reports about its effect in leukemia. Recent studies have proven that MCM7 expression has a relationship with diagnosis and prognosis, which has led to their potential clinical application as a marker for cancer screening. RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. It is a valuable research tool, which is widely used in cell culture and living organisms as well as in medicine recent years. It is indicated that RNAi application for targeting functional carcinogenic molecules, tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy is required in cancer treatment. Gene products knockdown by RNAi technology exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects upon cell culture systems, animal models and in clinical trials in the most studies. In the present study, we found that MCM7 highly expressed in K562 cells rather than that in normal neutrophils. Thus, lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting MCM7 was used to suppress its endogenous expression in K562 cells and develop a novel therapeutic strategy for leukemia.
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43
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Wei L, Zhao X. Roles of SUMO in Replication Initiation, Progression, and Termination. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1042:371-393. [PMID: 29357067 PMCID: PMC6643980 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6955-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accurate genome duplication during cell division is essential for life. This process is accomplished by the close collaboration between replication factors and many additional proteins that provide assistant roles. Replication factors establish the replication machineries capable of copying billions of nucleotides, while regulatory proteins help to achieve accuracy and efficiency of replication. Among regulatory proteins, protein modification enzymes can bestow fast and reversible changes to many targets, leading to coordinated effects on replication. Recent studies have begun to elucidate how one type of protein modification, sumoylation, can modify replication proteins and regulate genome duplication through multiple mechanisms. This chapter summarizes these new findings, and how they can integrate with the known regulatory circuitries of replication. As this area of research is still at its infancy, many outstanding questions remain to be explored, and we discuss these issues in light of the new advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhao
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Joshi K, Shah VJ, Maddika S. GINS complex protein Sld5 recruits SIK1 to activate MCM helicase during DNA replication. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1852-1862. [PMID: 27592030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, proper loading and activation of MCM helicase at chromosomal origins plays a central role in DNA replication. Activation of MCM helicase requires its association with CDC45-GINS complex, but the mechanism of how this complex activates MCM helicase is poorly understood. Here we identified SIK1 (salt-inducible kinase 1), an AMPK related protein kinase, as a molecular link that connects GINS complex with MCM helicase activity. We demonstrated that Sld5 a component of GINS complex interacts with SIK1 and recruits it to the sites of DNA replication at the onset of S phase. Depletion of SIK1 leads to defective DNA replication. Further, we showed that SIK1 phosphorylates MCM2 at five conserved residues at its N-terminus, which is essential for the activation of MCM helicase. Collectively, our results suggest SIK1 as a novel integral component of CMG replicative helicase during eukaryotic DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmai Joshi
- Laboratory of Cell Death & Cell Survival, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India
| | - Varun Jayeshkumar Shah
- Laboratory of Cell Death & Cell Survival, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India; Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Subbareddy Maddika
- Laboratory of Cell Death & Cell Survival, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India.
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45
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Nowinska K, Chmielewska M, Piotrowska A, Pula B, Pastuszewski W, Krecicki T, Podhorska-Okołow M, Zabel M, Dziegiel P. Correlation between levels of expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins, Ki-67 proliferation antigen and metallothionein I/II in laryngeal squamous cell cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:635-45. [PMID: 26648405 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MCM2, MCM3 and MCM7 are minichromosome maintenance proteins found in dividing cells and they play a role in DNA synthesis. Increased MCM expression level is observed in cells of different cancer types. Additionally, metallothioneins (MT-I/II) are involved in control of cell proliferation and differentiation and changes of their expression are observed in many types of cancer. Ki-67 is known cancer cell proliferation antigen currently used in prognostic evaluation. The study material consisted of 83 laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) cases and 10 benign hypertrophic lesions of larynx epithelium as a control group. For the present study, laryngeal cancer cell line HEp-2 and human keratinocytes were employed, and to evaluate expression of all the markers, immunohistochemical method (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot analysis were used. Statistical analysis showed strong positive correlation between expression of MCM2, MCM3, MCM7 and Ki-67 antigen in LSCC. Additionally, moderate positive correlation was observed between MCM3 and MT-I/II expression. In cancer cells, the level of expression of MCM3, MCM2, MCM7 and Ki-67 markers was increasing with the grade of LSCC malignancy. IF and western blot analysis showed higher MCM2, MCM3, MCM7 expression in HEp-2 cells in comparison to their expression in keratinocytes. MCM proteins might be useful markers of cell proliferation in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nowinska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Bartosz Pula
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Krecicki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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46
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PTEN Controls the DNA Replication Process through MCM2 in Response to Replicative Stress. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1295-1303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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47
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Gao J, Wang Q, Dong C, Chen S, Qi Y, Liu Y. Whole Exome Sequencing Identified MCM2 as a Novel Causative Gene for Autosomal Dominant Nonsyndromic Deafness in a Chinese Family. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26196677 PMCID: PMC4510057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the genetic analysis of autosomal dominant, nonsyndromic, progressive sensorineural hearing loss in a Chinese family. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified a missense variant (c.130C>T, p.R44C) in the MCM2 gene, which has a pro-apoptosis effect and is involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. This missense variant is very likely to be the disease causing variant. It segregated with hearing loss in this pedigree, and was not found in the dbSNP database or databases of genomes and SNP in the Chinese population, in 76 patients with sporadic hearing loss, or in 145 normal individuals. We performed western blot and immunofluorescence to test the MCM2 protein expression in the cochlea of rats and guinea pigs, demonstrating that MCM2 was widely expressed in the cochlea and was also surprisingly expressed in the cytoplasm of terminally differentiated hair cells. We then transiently expressed the variant MCM2 cDNA in HEK293 cells, and found that these cells displayed a slight increase in apoptosis without any changes in proliferation or cell cycle, supporting the view that this variant is pathogenic. In summary, we have identified MCM2 as a novel gene responsible for nonsyndromic hearing loss of autosomal dominant inheritance in a Chinese family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of central laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhe Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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48
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Ren X, Li J, Xia B, Liu W, Yang X, Hong WX, Huang P, Wang Y, Li S, Zou F, Liu J. Phosphoproteomic analyses of L-02 liver cells exposed to trichloroethylene. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:459-66. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1045655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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49
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Jin Y, Xiong A, Zhang Z, Li S, Huang H, Yu TT, Cao X, Cheng SY. MicroRNA-31 suppresses medulloblastoma cell growth by inhibiting DNA replication through minichromosome maintenance 2. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4821-33. [PMID: 24970811 PMCID: PMC4148102 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is an aggressive childhood brain tumor with poor prognosis. Recent studies indicate that dys-regulation of microRNA expression plays important roles in tumorigenesis. By comparing microRNA levels between mouse medulloblastoma and normal cerebellar tissues, we identified a set of down-regulated microRNAs including miR-31. Here, we show that the genomic region surrounding human miR-31 at 9p21.3 is frequently deleted in many solid tumor cell lines, and reintroducing miR-31 into DAOY cells, a line of human medulloblastoma cells devoid of miR-31, strongly suppresses cell growth, causes cell cycle arrest at the G1/S boundary, and inhibits colony formation in vitro and xenograft tumorigenesis in nude mice. Global gene expression profiling of mouse medulloblastomas and bioinformatics analyses of microRNA targets suggest that minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) is a likely target gene of miR-31 in suppressing cell growth. We demonstrate that miR-31 inhibits MCM2 expression via its 3'-untranslated region, that knockdown of MCM2 in DAOY cells leads to a degree of growth inhibition comparable to that by miR-31 restoration, and that overexpression of miR-31 reduces the chromatin loading of MCM2 at the point of G1/S transition. Taken together, these data indicate that miR-31 suppresses medulloblastoma tumorigenesis by negatively regulating DNA replication via MCM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Jin
- Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Anwen Xiong
- Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sanen Li
- Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijie Huang
- Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-ting Yu
- Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiumei Cao
- Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven Y Cheng
- Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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50
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Han X, Mayca Pozo F, Wisotsky JN, Wang B, Jacobberger JW, Zhang Y. Phosphorylation of Minichromosome Maintenance 3 (MCM3) by Checkpoint Kinase 1 (Chk1) Negatively Regulates DNA Replication and Checkpoint Activation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12370-8. [PMID: 25809478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms controlling DNA replication and replication checkpoint are critical for the maintenance of genome stability and the prevention or treatment of human cancers. Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a key effector protein kinase that regulates the DNA damage response and replication checkpoint. The heterohexameric minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex is the core component of mammalian DNA helicase and has been implicated in replication checkpoint activation. Here we report that Chk1 phosphorylates the MCM3 subunit of the MCM complex at Ser-205 under normal growth conditions. Mutating the Ser-205 of MCM3 to Ala increased the length of DNA replication track and shortened the S phase duration, indicating that Ser-205 phosphorylation negatively controls normal DNA replication. Upon replicative stress treatment, the inhibitory phosphorylation of MCM3 at Ser-205 was reduced, and this reduction was accompanied with the generation of single strand DNA, the key platform for ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) activation. As a result, the replication checkpoint is activated. Together, these data provide significant insights into the regulation of both normal DNA replication and replication checkpoint activation through the novel phosphorylation of MCM3 by Chk1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - James W Jacobberger
- Division of General Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Youwei Zhang
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Genetics and Genome Science,
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