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Dasriya VL, Samtiya M, Ranveer S, Dhillon HS, Devi N, Sharma V, Nikam P, Puniya M, Chaudhary P, Chaudhary V, Behare PV, Dhewa T, Vemuri R, Raposo A, Puniya DV, Khedkar GD, Vishweswaraiah RH, Vij S, Alarifi SN, Han H, Puniya AK. Modulation of gut-microbiota through probiotics and dietary interventions to improve host health. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6359-6375. [PMID: 38334314 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Dietary patterns play an important role in regards to the modulation and control of the gut microbiome composition and function. The interaction between diet and microbiota plays an important role in order to maintain intestinal homeostasis, which ultimately affect the host's health. Diet directly impacts the microbes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which then contributes to the production of secondary metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, and antimicrobial peptides. Dietary consumption with genetically modified probiotics can be the best vaccine delivery vector and protect cells from various illnesses. A holistic approach to disease prevention, treatment, and management takes these intrinsically linked diet-microbes, microbe-microbe interactions, and microbe-host interactions into account. Dietary components, such as fiber can modulate beneficial gut microbiota, and they have resulting ameliorative effects against metabolic disorders. Medical interventions, such as antibiotic drugs can conversely have detrimental effects on gut microbiota by disputing the balance between Bacteroides and firmicute, which contribute to continuing disease states. We summarize the known effects of various dietary components, such as fibers, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, proteins, phenolic acids, and antibiotics on the composition of the gut microbiota in this article in addition to the beneficial effect of genetically modified probiotics and consequentially their role in regards to shaping human health. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Soniya Ranveer
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | | | - Nishu Devi
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Pranali Nikam
- College of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar, Kamdhenu University, Raipur, India
| | - Monica Puniya
- Science and Standards Division, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, FDA Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Microbiology Department, VCSG Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Srinagar, India
| | - Vishu Chaudhary
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Pradip V Behare
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dharun Vijay Puniya
- Center of One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gulab D Khedkar
- Paul Hebert Center for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | | | - Shilpa Vij
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sehad N Alarifi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Al-Quwayiyah College of Sciences and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Hu M, Du Y, Li W, Zong X, Du W, Sun H, Liu H, Zhao K, Li J, Farooq MZ, Wu J, Xu Q. Interplay of Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides with Gut Microbiota: Implications for Health and Disease Management. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2400251. [PMID: 39097954 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides (BPs) are protein fragments with beneficial effects on metabolism, physiology, and diseases. This review focuses on proteolytic BPs, which are produced by the action of gut microbiota on proteins in food and have demonstrated to influence the composition of gut microbes. And gut microbiota are candidate targets of BPs to alleviate oxidative stress, enhance immunity, and control diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cancer, and immune and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite promising results, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the interactions between BPs and gut microbes, and to identify and screen more BPs for industrial applications. Overall, BPs offer potential as therapeutic agents for various diseases through their interactions with gut microbes, highlighting the importance of continued research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufeng Du
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenyue Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaomei Zong
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huizeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Wuhan Jason Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Zahid Farooq
- Department of Animal Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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3
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Shridhar SV, Beghini F, Alexander M, Singh A, Juárez RM, Brito IL, Christakis NA. Environmental, socioeconomic, and health factors associated with gut microbiome species and strains in isolated Honduras villages. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114442. [PMID: 38968070 PMCID: PMC11290354 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite a growing interest in the gut microbiome of non-industrialized countries, data linking deeply sequenced microbiomes from such settings to diverse host phenotypes and situational factors remain uncommon. Using metagenomic data from a community-based cohort of 1,871 people from 19 isolated villages in the Mesoamerican highlands of western Honduras, we report associations between bacterial species and human phenotypes and factors. Among them, socioeconomic factors account for 51.44% of the total associations. Meta-analysis of species-level profiles across several datasets identified several species associated with body mass index, consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, the inclusion of strain-phylogenetic information modifies the overall relationship between the gut microbiome and the phenotypes, especially for some factors like household wealth (e.g., wealthier individuals harbor different strains of Eubacterium rectale). Our analysis suggests a role that gut microbiome surveillance can play in understanding broad features of individual and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivkumar Vishnempet Shridhar
- Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Francesco Beghini
- Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcus Alexander
- Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adarsh Singh
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Ilana L Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Christakis
- Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Garrison EC, Brown AMV, Salazar MM, Barr B, Moustaid-Moussa N, Gollahon LS. Microbiome Taxonomic and Functional Differences in C3H/HeJ Mice Fed a Long-Term High-Fat Diet with Beef Protein ± Ammonium Hydroxide Supplementation. Nutrients 2024; 16:1613. [PMID: 38892546 PMCID: PMC11174526 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that alkalinized foods may reduce the effects of the acidogenic Western diet in promoting obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and coronary heart disease. Indeed, a recent study in mice fed a high-fat diet containing dietary beef supplemented with ammonium hydroxide showed improvement in a suite of metabolic outcomes. However, the effects of dietary protein ammonium supplementation on the microbiome remain unknown. In this study, the effects of ammonium supplementation on beef protein towards microbiome taxa and function in a high-fat diet were analyzed. Fecal microbiomes were characterized using a shotgun metagenomic approach for 16-month-old male and female mice after long-term diet treatments. The results for ammoniated diets showed that several bacteria known to be associated with health benefits increased significantly, including Romboutsia, Oscillospiraceae, and Lactococcus cremoris. The beneficial mucin-degrader Akkermansia was especially abundant, with a high prevalence (~86%) in females. Concurrently, the phyla Actinomycetota (Actinobacteria) and Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) were significantly reduced. While sex was a confounding factor affecting microbiome responses to ammonium supplementation in dietary protein, it is worth noting that several putatively beneficial microbiome functions increased with ammonium supplementation, such as glycine betaine transport, xenobiotic detoxification, enhanced defense, and others. Conversely, many disease-associated microbiome functions reduced. Importantly, modifying protein pH alone via ammonium supplementation induced beneficial microbiota changes. Taken together, these results suggest that ammonium-supplemented proteins may mediate some negative microbiome-associated effects of high-fat/Western diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Garrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (E.C.G.); (A.M.V.B.); (M.M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Amanda M. V. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (E.C.G.); (A.M.V.B.); (M.M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - McKinlee M. Salazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (E.C.G.); (A.M.V.B.); (M.M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Benjamin Barr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (E.C.G.); (A.M.V.B.); (M.M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Lauren S. Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (E.C.G.); (A.M.V.B.); (M.M.S.); (B.B.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Jones D, Celis-Morales C, Gray SR, Morrison DJ, Ozanne SE, Jain M, Mattin LR, Burden S. Effect of Sustainably Sourced Protein Consumption on Nutrient Intake and Gut Health in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1398. [PMID: 38732644 PMCID: PMC11085519 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet is integral to the healthy ageing process and certain diets can mitigate prolonged and deleterious inflammation. This review aims to assess the impact of diets high in sustainably sourced proteins on nutrient intake, gut, and age-related health in older adults. A systematic search of the literature was conducted on 5 September 2023 across multiple databases and sources. Studies assessing sustainably sourced protein consumption in community dwelling older adults (≥65 years) were included. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using 'RoB 2.0' and 'ROBINS-E'. Narrative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity of studies. Twelve studies involving 12,166 older adults were included. Nine studies (n = 10,391) assessed habitual dietary intake and had some RoB concerns, whilst three studies (n = 1812), two with low and one with high RoB, conducted plant-based dietary interventions. Increased adherence to sustainably sourced diets was associated with improved gut microbial factors (n = 4640), healthier food group intake (n = 2142), and increased fibre and vegetable protein intake (n = 1078). Sustainably sourced diets positively impacted on gut microbiota and healthier intake of food groups, although effects on inflammatory outcomes and health status were inconclusive. Future research should focus on dietary interventions combining sustainable proteins and fibre to evaluate gut barrier function and consider inflammatory and body composition outcomes in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.C.-M.); (S.R.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Stuart R. Gray
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.C.-M.); (S.R.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Douglas J. Morrison
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G75 0QF, UK;
| | - Susan E. Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Mahek Jain
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.C.-M.); (S.R.G.); (M.J.)
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G75 0QF, UK;
| | - Lewis R. Mattin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Sorrel Burden
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK
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Hamamah S, Iatcu OC, Covasa M. Nutrition at the Intersection between Gut Microbiota Eubiosis and Effective Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:269. [PMID: 38257161 PMCID: PMC10820857 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is one of the most influential environmental factors in both taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota as well as in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emerging evidence has shown that the effects of nutrition on both these parameters is not mutually exclusive and that changes in gut microbiota and related metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may influence systemic inflammation and signaling pathways that contribute to pathophysiological processes associated with T2DM. With this background, our review highlights the effects of macronutrients, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, as well as micronutrients, vitamins, and minerals, on T2DM, specifically through their alterations in gut microbiota and the metabolites they produce. Additionally, we describe the influences of common food groups, which incorporate varying combinations of these macronutrients and micronutrients, on both microbiota and metabolic parameters in the context of diabetes mellitus. Overall, nutrition is one of the first line modifiable therapies in the management of T2DM and a better understanding of the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influence its pathophysiology provides opportunities for optimizing dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Oana C. Iatcu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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Duncanson K, Williams G, Hoedt EC, Collins CE, Keely S, Talley NJ. Diet-microbiota associations in gastrointestinal research: a systematic review. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2350785. [PMID: 38725230 PMCID: PMC11093048 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2350785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between diet and gastrointestinal microbiota influence health status and outcomes. Evaluating these relationships requires accurate quantification of dietary variables relevant to microbial metabolism, however current dietary assessment methods focus on dietary components relevant to human digestion only. The aim of this study was to synthesize research on foods and nutrients that influence human gut microbiota and thereby identify knowledge gaps to inform dietary assessment advancements toward better understanding of diet-microbiota interactions. Thirty-eight systematic reviews and 106 primary studies reported on human diet-microbiota associations. Dietary factors altering colonic microbiota included dietary patterns, macronutrients, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and food additives. Reported diet-microbiota associations were dominated by routinely analyzed nutrients, which are absorbed from the small intestine but analyzed for correlation to stool microbiota. Dietary derived microbiota-relevant nutrients are more challenging to quantify and underrepresented in included studies. This evidence synthesis highlights advancements needed, including opportunities for expansion of food composition databases to include microbiota-relevant data, particularly for human intervention studies. These advances in dietary assessment methodology will facilitate translation of microbiota-specific nutrition therapy to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerith Duncanson
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina Williams
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily C. Hoedt
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare E. Collins
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Talley
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Kim SH, Park DH, Lim YJ. Impact of Diet on Colorectal Cancer Progression and Prevention: From Nutrients to Neoplasms. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2023; 82:73-83. [PMID: 37621242 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2023.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common cancers worldwide, continues to increase in incidence and mortality rates. This trend is closely linked to changes in dietary habits, which are major risk factors for colorectal cancer. The increase in the incidence of CRC in countries previously considered low-risk and with low socioeconomic status is most likely due to lifestyle and dietary changes. Understanding the influence of dietary factors on the onset of colorectal cancer is essential for prevention and treatment. This review explores the complex interplay between dietary factors and colorectal cancer, focusing on the key nutrients and dietary habits that influence disease onset and progression. The impact of diet on colorectal microbiota and the influence of diet on early-onset colorectal cancer are also reviewed, reviewing recent research on how dietary interventions affect the treatment and recurrence of colorectal cancer. Finally, the future research directions for developing and applying effective dietary intervention strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Wang Y, Lindemann SR, Cross TWL, Tang M, Clark CM, Campbell WW. Effects of adding lean red meat to a U.S.-Style Healthy Vegetarian Dietary Pattern on gut microbiota and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults: a crossover randomized-controlled trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:1439-1452. [PMID: 36921804 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research evidence exists on the effects of red meat on gut microbiota in human adults. OBJECTIVE We aim to assess the effects of consuming a Healthy U.S.-Style Dietary Pattern (HDP), without or with unprocessed or processed lean red meat, on gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids levels (SCFA) in healthy young adults. Secondary outcomes are cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS We conducted a randomized-controlled, cross-over trial with three 3-week dietary interventions, each separated by a 5-week washout period with habitual dietary intake. Nineteen participants (8 females, age 26 ± 4 years old, BMI 23 ± 3 kg/m2) consumed three study diets in random order: 1) healthy lacto-ovo vegetarian diet (LOV); 2) LOV plus 3 ounces/day of cooked unprocessed lean red meat (URM); and 3) LOV plus 3 ounces/day of cooked processed lean red meat (PRM). Fecal and fasting blood samples were collected before and during the last 2 weeks of each intervention. We measured fecal bacterial community structure using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V4 region, primers 515F-806R). Community diversity, structure, and taxonomic composition were computed using Mothur v.1.44.3. RESULTS The addition of unprocessed or processed lean red meats to a LOV HDP did not influence short-term changes in bacterial taxonomic composition. Independent of red meat intake, the HDP led to changes in 23 bacteria; reductions in serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C concentrations; but no changes in fecal SCFA, serum triglycerides, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C ratio, or blood pressures. With data from all 3 diet interventions combined, changes in some bacteria were associated with improvements in TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C ratio, and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Healthy young adults who adopt a HDP that may be vegetarian or omnivorous only including lean red meat experience short-term changes in gut microbial composition, which associate with improvements in multiple lipid-related cardiovascular risk factors. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER AND WEBSITE NCT03885544, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03885544?cond=NCT03885544&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Minghua Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Caroline M Clark
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Omega-3-Rich Fish-Oil-Influenced Mouse Gut Microbiome Shaped by Intermittent Consumption of Beef. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:119. [PMID: 36855004 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Beef consumption can provide various amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals; however, excessive intake causes metabolic disorders and increases the probability of obesity, atherosclerosis, and colorectal cancer. The intake of omega-3 fatty acids can ameliorate metabolic disorders by lowering blood glucose and triglyceride levels. In the present study, we investigated the effect of omega-3-rich fish oil on body performance and the gut microbiome in a beef-rich diet. Four-week-old C57BL/6 mice were distributed into four groups (chow diet [Chow], chow with beef diet [Beef], chow with omega-3 diet [Cw3], and chow with beef and omega-3 diet [Bw3]). We observed that body weight was unaltered between groups, and serum triglyceride levels were reduced in the omega-3 supplemented groups. The beta diversity indices, unweighted UniFrac distance (P = 0.001), and Jaccard distance (P = 0.001) showed statistically significant differences, and the principal coordinates analysis plot showed a clear separation between groups. In addition, the taxonomic comparison revealed that beef consumption increased numerous potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia-Shigella, Mucispirillum, Helicobacter, and Desulfovibrio, which were decreased following omega-3 supplementation. Metabolic comparison based on 16S rRNA revealed that energy and glucose metabolism were higher in omega-3 supplemented groups. Our findings suggest that the omega-3 supplementation under intermittent beef consumption contributes to changes in the gut microbiome and microbial metabolic pathways.
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11
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Wang Y, Uffelman CN, Bergia RE, Clark CM, Reed JB, Cross TWL, Lindemann SR, Tang M, Campbell WW. Meat Consumption and Gut Microbiota: a Scoping Review of Literature and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:215-237. [PMID: 36822879 PMCID: PMC10229385 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research indicates the importance of gut microbiota in mediating the relationship between meat intake and human health outcomes. We aimed to assess the state of available scientific literature on meat intake and gut microbiota in humans (PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42020135649). We first conducted a scoping review to identify observational and interventional studies on this topic. Searches were performed for English language articles using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases from inception to August 2021 and using keywords related to meat (inclusive of mammalian, avian, and aquatic subtypes) and gut microbiota. Of 14,680 records, 85 eligible articles were included in the scoping review, comprising 57 observational and 28 interventional studies. One prospective observational study and 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified in adults without diagnosed disease. We included the 13 RCTs, comprising 18 comparisons, in the systematic review to assess the effects of higher and lower intakes of total meat and meat subtypes on the gut microbiota composition. The bacterial composition was differentially affected by consuming diets with and without meat or with varied meat subtypes. For example, higher meat intake tended to decrease population sizes of genera Anerostipes and Faecalibacterium, but it increased the population size of Roseburia across studies. However, the magnitude and directionality of most microbial responses varied, with inconsistent patterns of responses across studies. The data were insufficient for comparison within or between meat subtypes. The paucity of research, especially among meat subtypes, and heterogeneity of findings underscore the need for more well-designed prospective studies and full-feeding RCTs to address the relationships between and effects of consuming total meat and meat subtypes on gut microbiota, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cassi N Uffelman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Robert E Bergia
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Caroline M Clark
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason B Reed
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Minghua Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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12
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Sanabria J, Egan S, Masuda R, Lee AJ, Gibson GR, Nicholson JK, Wist J, Holmes E. Overview of the Nomenclature and Network of Contributors to the Development of Bioreactors for Human Gut Simulation Using Bibliometric Tools: A Fragmented Landscape. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11458-11467. [PMID: 36095091 PMCID: PMC9501909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of complex in vitro models of the human gastrointestinal system to interrogate the biochemical functionality of the gut microbiome has augmented our understanding of its role in human physiology and pathology. With 5718 authors from 52 countries, gut bioreactor research reflects the growing awareness of our need to understand the contribution of the gut microbiome to human health. Although a large body of knowledge has been generated from in vitro models, it is scattered and defined by application-specific terminologies. To better grasp the capacity of bioreactors and further our knowledge of the human gastrointestinal system, we have conducted a cross-field bibliometric search and mapped the evolution of human gastrointestinal in vitro research. We present reference material with the aim of identifying key authors and bioreactor types to enable researchers to make decisions regarding the choice of method for simulating the human gut in the context of microbiome functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeth Sanabria
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental & Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle-Sede Meléndez, Cali 76001, Colombia
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
| | - Siobhon Egan
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
| | - Reika Masuda
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
| | - Alex J Lee
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
| | - Glenn R Gibson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
- Chemistry Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia WA6150, Australia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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13
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Kværner AS, Birkeland E, Vinberg E, Hoff G, Hjartåker A, Rounge TB, Berstad P. Associations of red and processed meat intake with screen-detected colorectal lesions. Br J Nutr 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36069337 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Limited data exist regarding the role of meat consumption in early-stage colorectal carcinogenesis. We examined associations of red and processed meat intake with screen-detected colorectal lesions in immunochemical fecal occult blood test (FIT)-positive participants, enrolled in the Norwegian CRCbiome study during 2017-2021, aged 55-77 years. Absolute and energy-adjusted intakes of red and processed meat (combined and individually) were assessed using a validated, semi-quantitative FFQ. Associations between meat intake and screen-detected colorectal lesions were examined using multinomial logistic regression analyses with adjustment for key covariates. Of 1162 participants, 319 presented with advanced colorectal lesions at colonoscopy. High v. low energy-adjusted intakes of red and processed meat combined, as well as red meat alone, were borderline to significantly positively associated with advanced colorectal lesions (OR of 1·24 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·57) and 1·34 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·69), respectively). A significant dose-response relationship was also observed for absolute intake levels (OR of 1·32 (95 % CI 1·09, 1·60) per 100 g/d increase in red and processed meat). For processed meat, no association was observed between energy-adjusted intakes and advanced colorectal lesions. A significant positive association was, however, observed for participants with absolute intake levels ≥ 100 v. < 50 g/d (OR of 1·19 (95 % CI 1·09, 1·31)). In summary, high intakes of red and processed meat were associated with presence of advanced colorectal lesions at colonoscopy in FIT-positive participants. The study demonstrates a potential role of dietary data to improve the performance of FIT-based screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Sørlie Kværner
- Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Birkeland
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elina Vinberg
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Hoff
- Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | | | - Trine B Rounge
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paula Berstad
- Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Dietary pH Enhancement Improves Metabolic Outcomes in Diet-Induced Obese Male and Female Mice: Effects of Beef vs. Casein Proteins. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132583. [PMID: 35807769 PMCID: PMC9268221 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Consumption of diets that are caloric dense but not nutrient dense have been implicated in metabolic diseases, in part through low-grade metabolic acidosis. Mitigation strategies through dietary intervention to alleviate acidosis have not been previously reported. Our objective is to determine the effects of pH enhancement (with ammonia) in high fat diet-induced obese mice that were fed beef or casein as protein sources compared to low fat diet-fed mice. (2) Methods: B6 male and female mice were randomized (n = 10) into eight diets that differ in protein source, pH enhancement of the protein, and fat content, and fed for 13 weeks: low fat (11% fat) casein (LFC), LF casein pH-enhanced (LFCN), LF lean beef (LFB), LFBN, high fat (46%) casein (HFC), HFCN, HF beef (HFB), and HFBN. Body weights and composition, and glucose tolerance tests were conducted along with terminal serum analyses. Three-way ANOVA was performed. (3) Results: A significant effect of dietary fat (LF vs. HF) was observed across all variables in both sexes (final body weight, fat mass, glucose clearance, and serum leptin). Importantly, pH enhancement significantly reduced adiposity (males only) and final body weights (females only) and significantly improved glucose clearance in both sexes. Lastly, clear sex differences were observed across all variables. (4) Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate metabolic benefits of increasing dietary pH using ammonia, while high fat intake per se (not protein source) is the major contributor to metabolic dysfunctions. Additional research is warranted to determine mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of pH enhancement, and interactions with dietary fat content and proteins.
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15
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Nath A, Chakrabarti P, Sen S, Barui A. Reactive Oxygen Species in Modulating Intestinal Stem Cell Dynamics and Function. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2328-2350. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Lyte JM, Koester LR, Daniels KM, Lyte M. Distinct Cecal and Fecal Microbiome Responses to Stress Are Accompanied by Sex- and Diet-Dependent Changes in Behavior and Gut Serotonin. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:827343. [PMID: 35495029 PMCID: PMC9039258 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.827343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diet- and stress-induced perturbations in the microbiome (biotic and abiotic factors) associate with changes in host behavior via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, few mechanisms have been identified. The identification of causative pathways by which the microbiome influences host behavior therefore would benefit from the application of evidence-based conceptual frameworks. One such causal framework is microbial endocrinology which is the study of neuroendocrine axes as avenues of bi-directional neurochemical-based host-microbe crosstalk. As such, we investigated the relationship between diet- and stress-induced alterations in behavior, regional gut serotonergic response, and concomitant changes in the cecal and fecal bacterial populations of male and female mice. Our results demonstrate that sex is a dominant factor in determining compositional changes in the gut microbiome in response to stress and diet modifications. Intestinal serotonergic responses to stress were observed in both sexes but dietary modifications uniquely affected region-specific changes in males and females. Likewise, behavioral alterations diverged between male and female mice. Together, these results demonstrate distinct sex-dependent relationships between cecal and fecal bacterial taxa and behavioral- and serotonergic-responses to stress and diet. The present study demonstrates the importance of including both male and female sexes in the examination of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As different microbial taxa were identified to associate with the behavioral and gut serotonergic responses of male and female mice, certain bacterial species may hold sex-dependent functional relevance for the host. Future investigations seeking to develop microbiome-based strategies to afford host stress resilience should include sex-based differences in the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Lyte
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Lucas R. Koester
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Karrie M. Daniels
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark Lyte, , orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-2581
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17
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Plant- and Animal-Based Protein-Rich Foods and Cardiovascular Health. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:197-213. [PMID: 35332443 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent evidence from randomized controlled feeding trials (RCTs) on the effects of consuming plant- and animal-based protein-rich foods on cardiovascular health of adults. RECENT FINDINGS Results from meta-analyses of RCTs exemplify the importance of considering relative effects of protein-rich foods, i.e., when intake of one food increases, intake of another food likely decreases. Results from short-term RCTs showed that overall diet quality is more influential for improving cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors than intake of a single protein-rich food, e.g., red meat. Yet, assessing long-term CVD risk associated with intake of a single protein-rich food as part of a dietary pattern is methodologically challenging. While accumulating evidence suggests gut microbiota as a potential mediator for such effects, current knowledge is preliminary and restricts causal or functional inferences. A variety of protein-rich foods, both plant- and animal-based, should be consumed as part of nutrient-dense dietary patterns to meet nutrient needs and improve cardiovascular health for adults.
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18
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Impact of Nutritional Profile on Gut Microbiota Diversity in Patients with Celiac Disease. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:129. [PMID: 35286507 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD) is significantly influenced by gut microbiota. Daily nutritional profile influences the diversity of gut microbiota. This study was aimed to compare the abundance of gut microbiota in CD patients compared to normal control (NC), and to investigate the impact of nutritional factors on their fecal microbiota diversity. In this study, a selected panel of intestinal bacteria was assessed in 31 confirmed CD patients adhering to gluten-free diet (GFD) for more than 6 months and in 20 NC subjects. Stool samples were collected from each participant, DNA was extracted, and absolute quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was carried out. The gut microbiota including Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, Enterobacteiaceae, Firmicutes, and Lactobacillus were assessed. The quantities of fruits, vegetables, meat, liquids, sugar and gluten-free candy/bread consumption were evaluated using a questionnaire. The proportion of Bifidobacterium, Firmicutes, and Lactobacillus in CD cases was significantly lower than NC (P < 0.005). Significant correlation coefficients between Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (P < 0.001), and also Firmicutes and Lactobacillus (P < 0.001) were recorded. Moreover, a significant association between medium amount of meat and bean consumptions and low abundance of Lactobacillus and Firmicutes (P = 0.024 and P = 0.027, respectively), and also high amount of bean consumptions and low abundance of Lactobacillus (P = 0.027) in CD were observed. The results showed that meat and bean consumptions could reduce the beneficial bacteria including Firmicutes and Lactobacillus in CD patients. Therefore, changes in the gut microbiota abundance may contribute to dietary changes and unimproved CD symptoms.
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19
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The Nutrition-Microbiota-Physical Activity Triad: An Inspiring New Concept for Health and Sports Performance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050924. [PMID: 35267899 PMCID: PMC8912693 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is currently the focus of converging interest in many diseases and sports performance. This review presents gut microbiota as a real “orchestra conductor” in the host’s physio(patho)logy due to its implications in many aspects of health and disease. Reciprocally, gut microbiota composition and activity are influenced by many different factors, such as diet and physical activity. Literature data have shown that macro- and micro-nutrients influence gut microbiota composition. Cumulative data indicate that gut bacteria are sensitive to modulation by physical activity, as shown by studies using training and hypoactivity models. Sports performance studies have also presented interesting and promising results. Therefore, gut microbiota could be considered a “pivotal” organ for health and sports performance, leading to a new concept: the nutrition-microbiota-physical activity triad. The next challenge for the scientific and medical communities is to test this concept in clinical studies. The long-term aim is to find the best combination of the three elements of this triad to optimize treatments, delay disease onset, or enhance sports performance. The many possibilities offered by biotic supplementation and training modalities open different avenues for future research.
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20
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The Functional Interplay between Gut Microbiota, Protein Hydrolysates/Bioactive Peptides, and Obesity: A Critical Review on the Study Advances. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020333. [PMID: 35204214 PMCID: PMC8868115 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is an essential factor determining the ratio of pathogenic and beneficial gut microbiota. Hydrolysates and bioactive peptides have been described as crucial ingredients from food protein that potentially impact human health beyond their roles as nutrients. These compounds can exert benefits in the body, including modulation of the gut microbiota, and thus, they can reduce metabolic disorders. This review summarized studies on the interaction between hydrolysates/peptides, gut microbes, and obesity, focusing on how hydrolysates/peptides influence gut microbiota composition and function that improve body weight. Findings revealed that gut microbes could exert anti-obesity effects by controlling the host’s energy balance and food intake. They also exhibit activity against obesity-induced inflammation by changing the expression of inflammatory-related transcription factors. Protein hydrolysates/peptides can suppress the growth of pro-obesity gut bacteria but facilitate the proliferation of those with anti-obesity effects. The compounds provide growth factors to the beneficial gut bacteria and also improve their resistance against extreme pH. Hydrolysates/peptides are good candidates to target obesity and obesity-related complications. Thus, they can allow the development of novel strategies to fight incidences of obesity. Future studies are needed to understand absorption fate, utilization by gut microbes, and stability of hydrolysates/peptides in the gut under obesity.
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21
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Wu CWK, Lui RN. Early-onset colorectal cancer: Current insights and future directions. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:230-241. [PMID: 35116113 PMCID: PMC8790420 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has seen an alarming rise worldwide over the past two decades. The reason for this global trend is poorly understood. EOCRC appears to have its own unique clinical and molecular features when compared with late-onset colorectal cancer. Younger patients appear to have more distal or rectal disease, a more advanced stage of disease at presentation, and more unfavorable histological features. Identifying risk factors for EOCRC is the first step in mitigating the rising burden of this disease. Here we summarize several noteworthy biological factors and environmental exposures that are postulated to be responsible culprits. This can hopefully translate in clinical practice to the development of better risk stratification tool for identifying high-risk individuals for early colorectal cancer screening, and identifying areas needed for further research to curb this rising trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wing-Kwan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rashid N Lui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Luo C, Xia B, Zhong R, Shen D, Li J, Chen L, Zhang H. Early-Life Nutrition Interventions Improved Growth Performance and Intestinal Health via the Gut Microbiota in Piglets. Front Nutr 2022; 8:783688. [PMID: 35047544 PMCID: PMC8762325 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.783688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal infections in piglets are the main causes of morbidity before and after weaning. Studies have not explored approaches for combining pre-weaning and post-weaning nutritional strategies to sustain optimal gut health. The current study thus sought to explore the effects of early-life nutrition interventions through administration of synthetic milk on growth performance and gut health in piglets from 3 to 30 days of age. Twelve sows were randomly allocated to control group (CON) and early-life nutrition interventions group (ENI). Piglets were fed with the same creep diet from 7 days of age ad libitum. Piglets in the ENI group were provided with additional synthetic milk from Day 3 to Day 30. The results showed that early-life nutrition interventions improved growth performance, liver weight, spleen weight, and reduced diarrhea rate of piglets after weaning (P < 0.05). Early-life nutrition interventions significantly upregulated expression of ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin4, GALNT1, B3GNT6, and MUC2 in colonic mucosa at mRNA level (P < 0.05). Early-life nutrition interventions reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum and the content of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in plasma (P < 0.05). The number of goblet cells and crypt depth of colon of piglets was significantly higher in piglets in the ENI group relative to that of piglets in the CON group (P < 0.05). The relative mRNA expression levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8, and the protein expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in colonic mucosa of piglets in the ENI group were lower compared with those of piglets in the CON group (P < 0.05). Relative abundance of Lactobacillus in colonic chyme and mucosa of piglets in the ENI group was significantly higher relative to that of piglets in the CON group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with the relative mRNA expression levels of ZO-1, Claudin4, and GALNT1, and it was negatively correlated with the level of MCP-1 in colonic chyme and mucosa. In summary, the findings of this study showed that early-life nutrition interventions improved growth performance, colonic barrier, and reduced inflammation in the colon by modulating composition of gut microbiota in piglets. Early-life nutrition intervention through supplemental synthetic milk is a feasible measure to improve the health and reduce the number of deaths of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Singh R, Dutta A, Bose T, Mande SS. A compendium of predicted growths and derived symbiotic relationships between 803 gut microbes in 13 different diets. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100127. [PMID: 35909605 PMCID: PMC9325735 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simulated growth of 803 gut microbes in mono- and co-cultures in 13 distinct diets. Inferred symbiotic relationships and metabolic co-operation among gut microbes. Diet-based variations in metabolic co-operation among gut microbes. Validation of in silico findings against existing literature evidence.
Gut health is intimately linked to dietary habits and the microbial community (microbiota) that flourishes within. The delicate dependency of the latter on nutritional availability is also strongly influenced by interactions (such as, parasitic or mutualistic) between the resident microbes, often affecting their growth rate and ability to produce key metabolites. Since, cultivating the entire repertoire of gut microbes is a challenging task, metabolic models (genome-based metabolic reconstructions) could be employed to predict their growth patterns and interactions. Here, we have used 803 gut microbial metabolic models from the Virtual Metabolic Human repository, and subsequently optimized and simulated them to grow on 13 dietary compositions. The presented pairwise interaction data (https://osf.io/ay8bq/) and the associated bacterial growth rates are expected to be useful for (a) deducing microbial association patterns, (b) diet-based inference of personalised gut profiles, and (c) as a steppingstone for studying multi-species metabolic interactions.
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24
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Hughes RL, Holscher HD. Fueling Gut Microbes: A Review of the Interaction between Diet, Exercise, and the Gut Microbiota in Athletes. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2190-2215. [PMID: 34229348 PMCID: PMC8634498 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The athlete's goal is to optimize their performance. Towards this end, nutrition has been used to improve the health of athletes' brains, bones, muscles, and cardiovascular system. However, recent research suggests that the gut and its resident microbiota may also play a role in athlete health and performance. Therefore, athletes should consider dietary strategies in the context of their potential effects on the gut microbiota, including the impact of sports-centric dietary strategies (e.g., protein supplements, carbohydrate loading) on the gut microbiota as well as the effects of gut-centric dietary strategies (e.g., probiotics, prebiotics) on performance. This review provides an overview of the interaction between diet, exercise, and the gut microbiota, focusing on dietary strategies that may impact both the gut microbiota and athletic performance. Current evidence suggests that the gut microbiota could, in theory, contribute to the effects of dietary intake on athletic performance by influencing microbial metabolite production, gastrointestinal physiology, and immune modulation. Common dietary strategies such as high protein and simple carbohydrate intake, low fiber intake, and food avoidance may adversely impact the gut microbiota and, in turn, performance. Conversely, intake of adequate dietary fiber, a variety of protein sources, and emphasis on unsaturated fats, especially omega-3 (ɷ-3) fatty acids, in addition to consumption of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics, have shown promising results in optimizing athlete health and performance. Ultimately, while this is an emerging and promising area of research, more studies are needed that incorporate, control, and manipulate all 3 of these elements (i.e., diet, exercise, and gut microbiome) to provide recommendations for athletes on how to "fuel their microbes."
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley L Hughes
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Chronic intestinal inflammation drives colorectal tumor formation triggered by dietary heme iron in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2507-2522. [PMID: 33978766 PMCID: PMC8241717 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of red meat is associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Multiple lines of evidence suggest that heme iron as abundant constituent of red meat is responsible for its carcinogenic potential. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and particularly the role of intestinal inflammation has not been investigated. To address this important issue, we analyzed the impact of heme iron (0.25 µmol/g diet) on the intestinal microbiota, gut inflammation and colorectal tumor formation in mice. An iron-balanced diet with ferric citrate (0.25 µmol/g diet) was used as reference. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that dietary heme reduced α-diversity and caused a persistent intestinal dysbiosis, with a continuous increase in gram-negative Proteobacteria. This was linked to chronic gut inflammation and hyperproliferation of the intestinal epithelium as attested by mini-endoscopy, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Dietary heme triggered the infiltration of myeloid cells into colorectal mucosa with an increased level of COX-2 positive cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry-based phenotyping demonstrated an increased number of T cells and B cells in the lamina propria following heme intake, while γδ-T cells were reduced in the intraepithelial compartment. Dietary heme iron catalyzed formation of fecal N-nitroso compounds and was genotoxic in intestinal epithelial cells, yet suppressed intestinal apoptosis as evidenced by confocal microscopy and western blot analysis. Finally, a chemically induced CRC mouse model showed persistent intestinal dysbiosis, chronic gut inflammation and increased colorectal tumorigenesis following heme iron intake. Altogether, this study unveiled intestinal inflammation as important driver in heme iron-associated colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Evidence of a hormonal reshuffle in the cecal metabolome fingerprint of a strain of rats resistant to decompression sickness. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8317. [PMID: 33859311 PMCID: PMC8050073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
On one side, decompression sickness (DCS) with neurological disorders lead to a reshuffle of the fecal metabolome from rat caecum. On the other side, there is high inter-individual variability in terms of occurrence of DCS. One could wonder whether the fecal metabolome could be linked to the DCS-susceptibility. We decided to study male and female rats selected for their resistance to decompression sickness, and we hypothesize a strong impregnation concerning the fecal metabolome. The aim is to verify whether the rats resistant to the accident have a fecal metabolomic signature different from the stem generations sensitive to DCS. 39 DCS-resistant animals (21 females and 18 males), aged 14 weeks, were compared to 18 age-matched standard Wistar rats (10 females and 8 males), i.e., the same as those we used for the founding stock. Conventional and ChemRICH approaches helped the metabolomic interpretation of the 226 chemical compounds analyzed in the cecal content. Statistical analysis shows a panel of 81 compounds whose expression had changed following the selection of rats based on their resistance to DCS. 63 compounds are sex related. 39 are in common. This study shows the spectral fingerprint of the fecal metabolome from the caecum of a strain of rats resistant to decompression sickness. This study also confirms a difference linked to sex in the metabolome of non-selected rats, which disappear with selective breeding. Results suggest hormonal and energetic reshuffle, including steroids sugars or antibiotic compounds, whether in the host or in the microbial community.
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