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Bensaada S, Peruzzi G, Cubizolles L, Denayrolles M, Bennetau-Pelissero C. Traditional and Domestic Cooking Dramatically Reduce Estrogenic Isoflavones in Soy Foods. Foods 2024; 13:999. [PMID: 38611305 PMCID: PMC11011382 DOI: 10.3390/foods13070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Soybean is a pulse which has considerable nutritional value due to its high protein, fibers and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents. It also contains phytoestrogenic compounds that definitely hinder its recommendation for general consumption. Contrary to ancient times, when soybeans were boiled, modern commercial soy foods can contain up to 150 mg/100g of estrogenic isoflavones. Interestingly, current estimations of isoflavone intake in the literature do not distinguish between the origins of soy food, i.e., whether it is homemade or commercial. As a result, the isoflavone exposure in Asian countries may well be overestimated. This study aims to demonstrate, based on step-by-step monitoring of isoflavones, that traditional and domestic treatments, leveraging isoflavones water-solubility, can indeed significantly reduce their content in soy foods. Indeed, when compared to commercial foods, the isoflavone content was found to be 20, 2.6, 4.5 and 9.8 times lower in "homemade" soy juice, tofu, tempeh and miso, respectively. Additionally, water soaking was found to reduce the isoflavones levels in soy-textured proteins by more than 70%. Hence, this simple process has the potential to help drastically reduce overall xenoestrogens exposure. This study could serve as a basis for establishing the isoflavones Reference Dose and issuing food safety guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Bensaada
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Berkem, Rue Jean Duvert, 33290 Blanquefort, France; (G.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Gabriele Peruzzi
- Berkem, Rue Jean Duvert, 33290 Blanquefort, France; (G.P.); (L.C.)
| | | | - Muriel Denayrolles
- Feed & Food Department, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175 Gradignan, France;
- CBMN, UMR CNRS 5248, 33607 Pessac, France
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2
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Praengam K, Tuntipopipat S, Muangnoi C, Jangwangkorn C, Piamkulvanich O. Efficacy of a dietary supplement derived from five edible plants on telomere length in Thai adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1592-1604. [PMID: 38455184 PMCID: PMC10916585 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mylife/Mylife100® is a dietary supplement consisting of black sesame seed, guava fruit, mangosteen aril, pennywort leaves, and soy protein. These edible plants contain multiple high-potential bioactive compounds exerting various vital biological functions including antioxidants which contribute to delaying the rate of telomere shortening. Telomere length is associated with cellular aging and age-related diseases. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Mylife/Mylife100® on telomere length through a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The trial assessed the alteration of leukocyte telomere length after 32 adults aged 50-65 years received either Mylife/Mylife100® or placebo (five capsules/day) for 8-week supplementation. The results demonstrated a significant increase in mean telomere length from baseline (6313 bp) to the 8-week supplementation period (6655 bp; p < 0.05) in the group receiving the product, whereas no significant change was observed in the placebo group. Additionally, the product group exhibited a significant improvement in plasma total antioxidant capacity levels compared to the placebo group (mean change, +35 vs -38; p = 0.006). This study also showed a significant correlation between telomere length and % CD4 + T cells (r = +0.325; p = 0.00003), % CD8 + T cells (r = +0.156; p = 0.048), and visceral fat (r = - 0.349; p = 0.000006). The findings suggest that consuming this dietary supplement (Mylife/Mylife100®) for 8 weeks has a positive effect on cellular aging by lengthening telomeres possible through their antioxidant capacities. Oxidative stress and cellular aging are underlying predisease mechanisms that might be alleviated by supplementing with this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemika Praengam
- Institute of NutritionMahidol UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
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Grabska-Kobyłecka I, Szpakowski P, Król A, Książek-Winiarek D, Kobyłecki A, Głąbiński A, Nowak D. Polyphenols and Their Impact on the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Development. Nutrients 2023; 15:3454. [PMID: 37571391 PMCID: PMC10420887 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that neurodegenerative diseases' development and progression are accelerated due to oxidative stress and inflammation, which result in impairment of mitochondrial function, cellular damage, and dysfunction of DNA repair systems. The increased consumption of antioxidants can postpone the development of these disorders and improve the quality of patients' lives who have already been diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases. Prolonging life span in developed countries contributes to an increase in the incidence ratio of chronic age-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD (Parkinson's disease), AD (Alzheimer's disease), or numerous forms of age-related dementias. Dietary supplementation with neuroprotective plant-derived polyphenols might be considered an important element of healthy aging. Some polyphenols improve cognition, mood, visual functions, language, and verbal memory functions. Polyphenols bioavailability differs greatly from one compound to another and is determined by solubility, degree of polymerization, conjugation, or glycosylation resulting from chemical structure. It is still unclear which polyphenols are beneficial because their potential depends on efficient transport across the BBB (blood-brain barrier), bioavailability, and stability in the CNS (central nervous system). Polyphenols improve brain functions by having a direct impact on cells and processes in the CNS. For a direct effect, polyphenolic compounds must be able to overcome the BBB and accumulate in brain tissue. In this review, the latest achievements in studies (animal models and clinical trials) on the effect of polyphenols on brain activity and function are described. The beneficial impact of plant polyphenols on the brain may be summarized by their role in increasing brain plasticity and related cognition improvement. As reversible MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors, polyphenols are mood modulators and improve neuronal self-being through an increase in dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline amounts in the brain tissue. After analyzing the prohealth effects of various eating patterns, it was postulated that their beneficial effects result from synergistic interactions between individual dietary components. Polyphenols act on the brain endothelial cells and improve the BBB's integrity and reduce inflammation, thus protecting the brain from additional injury during stroke or autoimmune diseases. Polyphenolic compounds are capable of lowering blood pressure and improving cerebral blood flow. Many studies have revealed that a nutritional model based on increased consumption of antioxidants has the potential to ameliorate the cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Randomized clinical trials have also shown that the improvement of cognitive functions resulting from the consumption of foods rich in flavonoids is independent of age and health conditions. For therapeutic use, sufficient quantities of polyphenols must cross the BBB and reach the brain tissue in active form. An important issue in the direct action of polyphenols on the CNS is not only their penetration through the BBB, but also their brain metabolism and localization. The bioavailability of polyphenols is low. The most usual oral administration also conflicts with bioavailability. The main factors that limit this process and have an effect on therapeutic efficacy are: selective permeability across BBB, gastrointestinal transformations, poor absorption, rapid hepatic and colonic metabolism, and systemic elimination. Thus, phenolic compounds have inadequate bioavailability for human applications to have any beneficial effects. In recent years, new strategies have been attempted in order to exert cognitive benefits and neuroprotective effects. Converting polyphenols into nanostructures is one of the theories proposed to enhance their bioavailability. The following nanoscale delivery systems can be used to encapsulate polyphenols: nanocapsules, nanospheres, micelles, cyclodextrins, solid lipid nanoparticles, and liposomes. It results in great expectations for the wide-scale and effective use of polyphenols in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus far, only natural polyphenols have been studied as neuroprotectors. Perhaps some modification of the chemical structure of a given polyphenol may increase its neuroprotective activity and transportation through the BBB. However, numerous questions should be answered before developing neuroprotective medications based on plant polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Grabska-Kobyłecka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8 Street, 92-215 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Szpakowski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Łódź, Poland; (P.S.); (D.K.-W.); (A.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Król
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8 Street, 92-215 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Dominika Książek-Winiarek
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Łódź, Poland; (P.S.); (D.K.-W.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrzej Kobyłecki
- Interventional Cardiology Lab, Copernicus Hospital, Pabianicka Str. 62, 93-513 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Głąbiński
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Łódź, Poland; (P.S.); (D.K.-W.); (A.G.)
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8 Street, 92-215 Łódź, Poland
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Szukiewicz D. Insight into the Potential Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption by Dietary Phytoestrogens in the Context of the Etiopathogenesis of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12195. [PMID: 37569571 PMCID: PMC10418522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens (PEs) are estrogen-like nonsteroidal compounds derived from plants (e.g., nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables) and fungi that are structurally similar to 17β-estradiol. PEs bind to all types of estrogen receptors, including ERα and ERβ receptors, nuclear receptors, and a membrane-bound estrogen receptor known as the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). As endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with pro- or antiestrogenic properties, PEs can potentially disrupt the hormonal regulation of homeostasis, resulting in developmental and reproductive abnormalities. However, a lack of PEs in the diet does not result in the development of deficiency symptoms. To properly assess the benefits and risks associated with the use of a PE-rich diet, it is necessary to distinguish between endocrine disruption (endocrine-mediated adverse effects) and nonspecific effects on the endocrine system. Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease of unknown etiopathogenesis, in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) grows outside of the uterus with subsequent complications being manifested as a result of local inflammatory reactions. Endometriosis affects 10-15% of women of reproductive age and is associated with chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility. In this review, the endocrine-disruptive actions of PEs are reviewed in the context of endometriosis to determine whether a PE-rich diet has a positive or negative effect on the risk and course of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Bensaada S, Chabrier F, Ginisty P, Ferrand C, Peruzzi G, Valat M, Bennetau-Pelissero C. Improved Food-Processing Techniques to Reduce Isoflavones in Soy-Based Foodstuffs. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071540. [PMID: 37048361 PMCID: PMC10093994 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy is a growing protein source; however, the isoflavones it contains are of concern, as they exhibit estrogenic activities whose toxicological limits might be exceeded. Reducing their concentrations to safe levels while preserving nutritional quality in soy foodstuffs is therefore a matter of public health. The main objective of this paper is to develop at pilot scale a process for isoflavones’ extraction from soybeans, and to show its feasibility and efficiency. The study was conducted by first optimizing the previously obtained laboratory treatment key factors. These data were then transposed to the pilot level. Finally, the process was adjusted to technical constraints which appeared at pilot scale: the mandatory use of drenching and the exploration of granulometry analysis. The involved steps were validated by monitoring the genistein and daidzein content variations through statistical analysis of the data of an ELISA and a Folin–Ciocalteu assay. Additionally, isoflavones’ recovery from treatment waters for their valorisation and the water cleaning by means of filtration, centrifugation and resin adsorption were carried out. The results showed that the most successful pilot treatment developed involved soybean dehulling, drenching, washing and drying and almost halved isoflavones while preserving the main nutritional characteristics. A combination of techniques led to almost complete recovery of isoflavones from process waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Bensaada
- Campus Carreire, Pharmacy Faculty, Department Sciences and Technology, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- ARNA (Nucleic Acids: Natural and Artificial Regulations), U1212 Inserm, UMR CNRS 5320, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Biopress, 47400 Tonneins, France
| | | | - Pascal Ginisty
- IFTS (Institute of Filtration and Separative Techniques), 47510 Foulayronnes, France
| | - Carine Ferrand
- Campus Carreire, Pharmacy Faculty, Department Sciences and Technology, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- BFP (Fruit Biology and Pathology), UMR CNRS 1332, INRA Bordeaux-Aquitaine, University of Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave-d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Marc Valat
- Campus Carreire, Pharmacy Faculty, Department Sciences and Technology, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- I2M (Mechanical and Engineering Institute), UMR CNRS 5295, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero
- Campus Carreire, Pharmacy Faculty, Department Sciences and Technology, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- ARNA (Nucleic Acids: Natural and Artificial Regulations), U1212 Inserm, UMR CNRS 5320, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175 Gradignan, France
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Caceres S, Crespo B, Alonso-Diez A, de Andrés PJ, Millan P, Silván G, Illera MJ, Illera JC. Long-Term Exposure to Isoflavones Alters the Hormonal Steroid Homeostasis-Impairing Reproductive Function in Adult Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051261. [PMID: 36904260 PMCID: PMC10005734 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of isoflavones is gaining popularity worldwide due to their beneficial effects on health. However, isoflavones are considered to be endocrine disruptors and cause deleterious effects on hormone-sensitive organs, especially in males. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if a continuous and prolonged exposure to isoflavones in adult males altered the endocrine axis effect of testicular function. For this purpose, seventy-five adult male rats were administered with low and high mixtures of isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) for 5 months. The determination of steroid hormones (progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 17β-estradiol, and estrone sulphate) was carried out in serum and testicular homogenate samples. Sperm quality parameters and testicular histology were also determined. The results revealed that low and high doses of isoflavones promote a hormonal imbalance in androgen and estrogen production, resulting in a decrease in circulating and testicular androgen levels and an increase in estrogen levels. These results are associated with a reduction in the sperm quality parameters and a reduction in the testicular weight, both in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the height of the germinal epithelium. Altogether, these results suggest that a continuous exposure to isoflavones in adult male rats causes a hormonal imbalance in the testes that disrupts the endocrine axis, causing defects in testicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Caceres
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913943865
| | - Belén Crespo
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Jimena de Andrés
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Millan
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Silván
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Illera
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Phytoestrogens and Health Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020317. [PMID: 36678189 PMCID: PMC9864699 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are literally estrogenic substances of plant origin. Although these substances are useful for plants in many aspects, their estrogenic properties are essentially relevant to their predators. As such, phytoestrogens can be considered to be substances potentially dedicated to plant-predator interaction. Therefore, it is not surprising to note that the word phytoestrogen comes from the early discovery of estrogenic effects in grazing animals and humans. Here, several compounds whose activities have been discovered at nutritional concentrations in animals and humans are examined. The substances analyzed belong to several chemical families, i.e., the flavanones, the coumestans, the resorcylic acid lactones, the isoflavones, and the enterolignans. Following their definition and the evocation of their role in plants, their metabolic transformations and bioavailabilities are discussed. A point is then made regarding their health effects, which can either be beneficial or adverse depending on the subject studied, the sex, the age, and the physiological status. Toxicological information is given based on official data. The effects are first presented in humans. Animal models are evoked when no data are available in humans. The effects are presented with a constant reference to doses and plausible exposure.
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Messina M, Duncan A, Messina V, Lynch H, Kiel J, Erdman JW. The health effects of soy: A reference guide for health professionals. Front Nutr 2022; 9:970364. [PMID: 36034914 PMCID: PMC9410752 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.970364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy is a hotly debated and widely discussed topic in the field of nutrition. However, health practitioners may be ill-equipped to counsel clients and patients about the use of soyfoods because of the enormous, and often contradictory, amount of research that has been published over the past 30 years. As interest in plant-based diets increases, there will be increased pressure for practitioners to gain a working knowledge of this area. The purpose of this review is to provide concise literature summaries (400-500 words) along with a short perspective on the current state of knowledge of a wide range of topics related to soy, from the cholesterol-lowering effects of soy protein to the impact of isoflavones on breast cancer risk. In addition to the literature summaries, general background information on soyfoods, soy protein, and isoflavones is provided. This analysis can serve as a tool for health professionals to be used when discussing soyfoods with their clients and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alison Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Heidi Lynch
- Kinesiology Department, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Kiel
- Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Medifast Inc., Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John W. Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Beckman Institute, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Gonçalves AC, Gaspar D, Flores-Félix JD, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Effects of Functional Phenolics Dietary Supplementation on Athletes' Performance and Recovery: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4652. [PMID: 35563043 PMCID: PMC9102074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify micronutrients or nutritional strategies capable of preventing, or at least, attenuating, exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress, and improving athlete performance. The reason is that most exercises induce various changes in mitochondria and cellular cytosol that lead to the generation of reactive species and free radicals whose accumulation can be harmful to human health. Among them, supplementation with phenolic compounds seems to be a promising approach since their chemical structure, composed of catechol, pyrogallol, and methoxy groups, gives them remarkable health-promoting properties, such as the ability to suppress inflammatory processes, counteract oxidative damage, boost the immune system, and thus, reduce muscle soreness and accelerate recovery. Phenolic compounds have also already been shown to be effective in improving temporal performance and reducing psychological stress and fatigue. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the effects of dietary phenolics on physical performance and recovery in athletes and sports practitioners. Overall, the reports show that phenolics exert important benefits on exercise-induced muscle damage as well as play a biological/physiological role in improving physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Dário Gaspar
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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10
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Lee A, Bensaada S, Lamothe V, Lacoste M, Bennetau-Pelissero C. Endocrine disruptors on and in fruits and vegetables: Estimation of the potential exposure of the French population. Food Chem 2022; 373:131513. [PMID: 34776310 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are considered to be healthy compared to fats, carbohydrates, and meats. However, their production involves plant protection products (PPPs) or they can contain phytoestrogens which may exhibit endocrine effects. Thus, the exposure to the main PPPs and to phytoestrogens known as endocrine disruptors (EDs) is estimated. PPPs include fungicides, growth substances, herbicides, and insecticides authorised in France. ED-PPPs exposure is estimated from the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 70 potential ED-PPPs used in France on 64 fruits and vegetables. The estimated exposure to potential ED-PPPs is 509 µg/d and involves agonist and antagonist substances in complex mixtures. Anti-androgens are preeminent, at 353 µg/d. Exposure to genistein and daidzein is calculated from 140 measurements in 9 categories of food-items containing soy. The global exposure to isoflavones in France is evaluated at 6700 µg/d. Phytoestrogen exposure is much higher than that of ED-PPPs. Their endocrine effects should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lee
- University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175 Gradignan France
| | - Souad Bensaada
- University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France; U1212 Inserm, UMR Inserm U1212, CNRS 5320, University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France
| | - Valérie Lamothe
- University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175 Gradignan France
| | - Melissa Lacoste
- University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175 Gradignan France
| | - Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero
- University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175 Gradignan France; U1212 Inserm, UMR Inserm U1212, CNRS 5320, University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France.
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11
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Rodríguez de Olmos A, Garro OA, Garro MS. Behavior study of Bifidobacterium longum using solid state fermentation from commercial soybean meal. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Kokturk S, Kaya Dagistanli F, Dogan S, Usta E, Colgecen H, Tanriverdi G, Atar H, Ozdemir F. The Effects of the Trifolium Pratense L. Extract on the Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and its Receptor in The Endometrial Epithelial Cell Line. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211045467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones have attracted much notice due to their health advantages; however, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of isoflavones on endometrium biology remains undiscovered. The expression and deficiency of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and LIF receptor (LIFR) has been shown to be involved in multiple implantations failures in female infertility. Mechanisms implicated in the failure of implantations require further researches, thus our aim is to investigate the effect of the Trifolium pratense L. isoflavone extract with abundant formononetin content on implantation through assessing LIF and LIFR expressions. The Ishikawa cells were cultured with 20, 30, and 40 µg/mL concentrations of Trifolium pratense L. isoflavone extracts for 24 h and detected staining intensity of LIF and LIFR by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence staining using image analysis software. As compared with the control and 20 µg/mL Trifolium pratense L. groups, the staining intensity of LIF and LIFR in 30 and 40 µg/mL Trifolium pratense L. groups were significantly increased ( P < .0001). Our findings suggest that Trifolium pratense L. isoflavone extract may alter the endometrium expression of LIF and LIFR in the human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emel Usta
- Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Havva Atar
- Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Fujitani T, Fujii Y, Lyu Z, Harada Sassa M, Harada KH. Urinary equol levels are positively associated with urinary estradiol excretion in women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19532. [PMID: 34593903 PMCID: PMC8484452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones found in soy products are a promising class of nutrients that may have a positive effect on human health. In particular, the phytoestrogen metabolite equol is associated with a reduced risk of developing female hormone-related diseases. However, the effect of equol on estrogen remains unclear. Equol can modify blood and urinary estradiol (E2) levels. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations between urinary estrogen levels, equol levels, and equol production status in Japanese women. We analyzed urine samples from 520 women by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Urinary E2 and 4-hydroxylated E2 levels were higher in equol producers (EQP) than in non-EQPs (P < 0.0001 and P=0.00112, respectively). After adjusting for age and tobacco use by analysis of covariance, the association remained significant (β = 0.299, P < 0.0001). Analysis of covariance demonstrated that equol levels in urine were also positively associated with urinary E2 (β = 0.597, P < 0.0001). The log equol concentration showed a significant, but moderate, negative association with the serum E2 concentration (β = − 0.0225, P = 0.0462). Our findings suggest that equol may promote urinary E2 excretion and modify blood E2 levels in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujitani
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Zhaoqing Lyu
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada Sassa
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Manzar N, khan SA, Fatima N, Nisa MU, Ahmad MH, Afzal MI, Saeed HFU, Imran M, Anjum FM, Arshad MS. Exploring the prophylactic role of soy isoflavones against polycystic ovarian syndrome. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4738-4744. [PMID: 34531987 PMCID: PMC8441391 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavones (SI) have strong estrogenic effect in tissues by binding to estrogen receptors and might be beneficial for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) by reduction in testosterone, cholesterol, insulin, weight gain, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress. The study was planned to examine the effect of various levels of SI on nutrient intake, digestibility, lipid profile, insulin, and reproductive hormones of estradiol valerate (4 mg/rat/IM) PCOS induced rat models. Thirty-six Wistar 45 days old rats weighing 95 ± 5 g were divided into 4 groups, each having 9 rats: C (control: without SF), SF10 (SF 0.10 g/kg BW), SF15 (SF 0.15 g/kg BW), and SF20 (SF 0.20 g/kg BW). SF was given through the oral gavage. Food and water were offered ad libitum, and intake was recorded daily. During last week of trial, collected feces by total collection method and blood samples were used to calculate nutrient digestibility and biochemical analysis, respectively. Estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin were (p < .05) high in rats fed SF diet that was 4% and 30% increase from C, respectively. Insulin, testosterone, FSH, and LH were lowest in rats fed diet SF20. Significant (p < .05) reduction in cholesterol was observed in rats fed SF15 and SF20 as compared to C. Serum HDL was improved (p < .05) in all SIF0.10, SIF0.15, and SIF0.20 in comparison with PC. Serum LDL was significantly reduced to 68.89 ± 4.36 (mg/dl) in SIF0.20 and to 108.20 ± 4.14 (mg/dl) in SIF0.15, whereas insignificant reduction was observed in SIF0.10 as compared to PC. Highly significant reduction was noted in triglycerides level in SIF0.20; however, significant reduction was observed in both SIF0.10 and SIF0.15 as compared to PC after 3 months of treatment with soy isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishaf Manzar
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | | | | | - Mehr un Nisa
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Haseeb Ahmad
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
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15
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Ning H, Du Y, Zhao LJ, Tian Q, Feng H, Deng HW. The mediating effect of skeletal muscle index on the relationship between menarcheal age and bone mineral density in premenopausal women by race/ethnicity. Menopause 2021; 28:1143-1149. [PMID: 34313616 PMCID: PMC8514157 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the contribution of skeletal mass index (SMI) as a mediator in the relationship between menarcheal age and hip/spine bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women by race/ethnicity. METHODS The data of 4,329 participants (age ≥ 18; mean age=35.7 ± 9.5) of Whites (n = 2,543), African Americans (n = 1,236), and Asians (n = 550) enrolled from October 2011 to January 2019 from the Louisiana Osteoporosis Study were analyzed. After adjustment for physiological and behavioral factors, multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate each component of the proposed mediation models, and mediation was verified by the bootstrapping resampling approach. RESULTS Premenopausal women with early menarcheal age tended to have higher SMI and BMD than women with normal menarcheal age among all races/ethnicities included. Women with late menarcheal age were, however, more likely to have a lower SMI than their counterparts with normal menarcheal age (r = -0.212, 95% CI = [-0.321 to -0.103] for White women; r = -0.181, 95% CI = [-0.410 to -0.008] for African-American women; r = -0.174, 95% CI = [-0.343 to -0.006] for Asian women). Similar results were found for both spine and hip BMD. SMI fully mediated the difference in BMD due to different menarcheal ages among Whites, African Americans, and Asian women with early menarcheal age; however, no mediating effects were observed for Asian women with late menarcheal age. CONCLUSIONS SMI, as a full mediator, affected the relationship between menarcheal age and BMD among premenopausal women, and the mediating effects varied by race/ethnicity. To prevent or slow down the loss of hip/spine BMD and the development of osteoporosis, measures aiming at minimizing the risk for muscle mass loss should be recommended, especially for White and African-American women with late menarcheal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Ning
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Du
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Qing Tian
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hui Feng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Xiangya-Oceanwide Health Management Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
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16
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Sridevi V, Naveen P, Karnam VS, Reddy PR, Arifullah M. Beneficiary and Adverse Effects of Phytoestrogens: A Potential Constituent of Plant-based Diet. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:802-815. [PMID: 32942973 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999200917154747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens are non-endocrine, non-steroidal secondary derivatives of plants and consumed through a plant-based diet also named as "dietary estrogens". The major sources of phytoestrogens are soy and soy-based foods, flaxseed, chickpeas, green beans, dairy products, etc. The dietary inclusion of phytoestrogen based foods plays a crucial role in the maintenance of metabolic syndrome cluster, including obesity, diabetes, blood pressure, cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, postmenopausal ailments and their complications. In recent days, phytoestrogens are the preferred molecules for hormone replacement therapy. On the other hand, they act as endocrine disruptors via estrogen receptor-mediated pathways. These effects are not restricted to adult males or females and identified even in development. OBJECTIVE Since phytoestrogenic occurrence is high at daily meals for most people worldwide, they focused to study for its beneficiary effects towards developing pharmaceutical drugs for treating various metabolic disorders by observing endocrine disruption. CONCLUSION The present review emphasizes the pros and cons of phytoestrogens on human health, which may help to direct the pharmaceutical industry to produce various phytoestrongen based drugs against various metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaadala Sridevi
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | - Ponneri Naveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | | | - Pamuru R Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | - Mohammed Arifullah
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture (IFSSA) & Faculty of Agrobased Industry (FIAT), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Campus Jeli, Locked Bag 100, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
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17
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Messina M, Mejia SB, Cassidy A, Duncan A, Kurzer M, Nagato C, Ronis M, Rowland I, Sievenpiper J, Barnes S. Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5824-5885. [PMID: 33775173 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones, which are classified as phytoestrogens. Despite numerous proposed benefits, isoflavones are often classified as endocrine disruptors, based primarily on animal studies. However, there are ample human data regarding the health effects of isoflavones. We conducted a technical review, systematically searching Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (from inception through January 2021). We included clinical studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) that examined the relationship between soy and/or isoflavone intake and endocrine-related endpoints. 417 reports (229 observational studies, 157 clinical studies and 32 SRMAs) met our eligibility criteria. The available evidence indicates that isoflavone intake does not adversely affect thyroid function. Adverse effects are also not seen on breast or endometrial tissue or estrogen levels in women, or testosterone or estrogen levels, or sperm or semen parameters in men. Although menstrual cycle length may be slightly increased, ovulation is not prevented. Limited insight could be gained about possible impacts of in utero isoflavone exposure, but the existing data are reassuring. Adverse effects of isoflavone intake were not identified in children, but limited research has been conducted. After extensive review, the evidence does not support classifying isoflavones as endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison Duncan
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chisato Nagato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Martin Ronis
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ian Rowland
- Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, England, UK
| | | | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA
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Ningtyas DW, Hati S, Prakash S. Bioconversion and bioaccessibility of isoflavones from sogurt during in vitro digestion. Food Chem 2020; 343:128553. [PMID: 33176956 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the bioconversion and bioaccessibility of soy isoflavones produced in sogurt fermented with S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus during in vitro digestion. The highest survivability of S. thermophilus (6.49 log cfu/mL) and L. bulgaricus (6.48 log cfu/mL) was in oral phase. In gastric phase, the total aglycones of sogurt (26.73 g/L) increased up to 20 times than control (1.21 g/L), with a significant increase in daidzein (17.05 g/L) and genistein (9.68 g/L). Addition of 8U of β-glucosidase into soymilk significantly increased the conversion of isoflavone in ENTII (daidzein: 0.46 g/L; genistein: 0.18 g/L) than in ENTI (daidzein: 0.33 g/L; genistein: 0.20 g/L). The particle size analysis and confocal micrographs of digesta also suggest the size of fat and protein in gastric phase to be smaller than in intestinal phase. The results indicate the prospective to develop soy-based fermented products capable of releasing high isoflavone in the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Widya Ningtyas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Subrota Hati
- Dairy Microbiology Department, SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, Gujarat, India
| | - Sangeeta Prakash
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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19
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Domínguez-López I, Yago-Aragón M, Salas-Huetos A, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Hurtado-Barroso S. Effects of Dietary Phytoestrogens on Hormones throughout a Human Lifespan: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2456. [PMID: 32824177 PMCID: PMC7468963 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary phytoestrogens are bioactive compounds with estrogenic activity. With the growing popularity of plant-based diets, the intake of phytoestrogen-rich legumes (especially soy) and legume-derived foods has increased. Evidence from preclinical studies suggests these compounds may have an effect on hormones and health, although the results of human trials are unclear. The effects of dietary phytoestrogens depend on the exposure (phytoestrogen type, matrix, concentration, and bioavailability), ethnicity, hormone levels (related to age, sex, and physiological condition), and health status of the consumer. In this review, we have summarized the results of human studies on dietary phytoestrogens with the aim of assessing the possible hormone-dependent outcomes and health effects of their consumption throughout a lifespan, focusing on pregnancy, childhood, adulthood, and the premenopausal and postmenopausal stages. In pregnant women, an improvement of insulin metabolism has been reported in only one study. Sex hormone alterations have been found in the late stages of childhood, and goitrogenic effects in children with hypothyroidism. In premenopausal and postmenopausal women, the reported impacts on hormones are inconsistent, although beneficial goitrogenic effects and improved glycemic control and cardiovascular risk markers have been described in postmenopausal individuals. In adult men, different authors report goitrogenic effects and a reduction of insulin in non-alcoholic fatty liver patients. Further carefully designed studies are warranted to better elucidate the impact of phytoestrogen consumption on the endocrine system at different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Domínguez-López
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.D.-L.); (M.Y.-A.); (S.H.-B.)
| | - Maria Yago-Aragón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.D.-L.); (M.Y.-A.); (S.H.-B.)
| | - Albert Salas-Huetos
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.D.-L.); (M.Y.-A.); (S.H.-B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Nutrició, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.D.-L.); (M.Y.-A.); (S.H.-B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Min CW, Hyeon H, Gupta R, Park J, Cheon YE, Lee GH, Jang JW, Ryu HW, Lee BW, Park SU, Kim Y, Kim JK, Kim ST. Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis Highlights Correlative Metabolite-Protein Networks in Soybean Seeds Subjected to Warm-Water Soaking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8057-8067. [PMID: 32609497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soaking of soybean seeds is a prerequisite for the production of soy foods, and it has been shown that the extent of water absorbed during different imbibition conditions directly affects the quality of the subsequent soybean seed products by yet unknown mechanisms. In order to elucidate the molecular changes in soybean seeds during different soaking temperatures, we performed an integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis of seeds soaked at 4, 25, and 55 °C. Proteomics analysis revealed that various enzymes related to carbohydrate and protein hydrolysis were activated in soybean seeds during water soaking at 55 °C. Interestingly, results obtained from this integrated proteomics and metabolomics study showed changes in various metabolites, including isoflavones, amino acids, and sugars, that were positively correlated with proteome changes occurring upon soaking at 55 °C. Furthermore, soaking of soybean seeds at 55 °C resulted in degradation of indigestible anti-nutrients such as raffinose oligosaccharides. Taken together, our results suggest that the seed soaking at a high temperature (55 °C) increases the nutritional value of soybean seeds by decreasing the contents of some of the common anti-nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Hyeon
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Joonho Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Cheon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hyun Lee
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Jang
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Won Lee
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16429, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
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21
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Levine LD, Kim K, Purdue-Smithe A, Sundaram R, Schisterman EF, Connell M, Devilbiss EA, Alkhalaf Z, Radoc JG, Buck Louis GM, Mumford SL. Urinary Phytoestrogens and Relationship to Menstrual Cycle Length and Variability Among Healthy, Eumenorrheic Women. J Endocr Soc 2019; 4:bvz003. [PMID: 32047868 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Phytoestrogens may influence fecundability, although biological mechanisms remain elusive. Since it is hypothesized that phytoestrogens may act through influencing hormone levels, we investigated associations between phytoestrogens and menstrual cycle length, a proxy for the hormonal milieu, in healthy women attempting pregnancy. Design A population-based prospective cohort of 326 women ages 18 to 40 with self-reported cycles of 21 to 42 days were followed until pregnancy or for 12 months of attempting pregnancy. Methods Urinary genistein, daidzein, O-desmethylangolensin, equol, enterodiol, and enterolactone were measured upon enrollment. Cycle length was determined from fertility monitors and daily journals. Linear mixed models assessed associations with continuous cycle length and were weighted by the inverse number of observed cycles. Logistic regression models assessed menstrual regularity (standard deviation > 75th vs ≤ 75th percentile). Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, race, creatinine, exercise, supplements, lipids, lead, cadmium, cotinine, parity, alcohol, and other phytoestrogens. Results Individual phytoestrogens were not associated with cycle length, although total phytoestrogens were associated with shorter cycles (-0.042 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.080 to -0.003, per 10% increase). Each 1 nmol/L increase in enterolactone (odds ratio [OR] 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97) and total lignans (OR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.95) was associated with reduced irregularity, and each 1 nmol/L increase in genistein with irregularity (OR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.38). Conclusion Phytoestrogens were not meaningfully associated with cycle length but may be associated with menstrual regularity, among women with self-reported regular cycles. These results highlight differences between isoflavones and lignans and are reassuring for women attempting pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D Levine
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keewan Kim
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexandra Purdue-Smithe
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Enrique F Schisterman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew Connell
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A Devilbiss
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zeina Alkhalaf
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeannie G Radoc
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Sunni L Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Wu Y, Hankinson SE, Smith-Warner SA, Wang M, Eliassen AH. Flavonoid Intake and Plasma Sex Steroid Hormones, Prolactin, and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Premenopausal Women. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112669. [PMID: 31694190 PMCID: PMC6928816 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Flavonoids potentially exert anti-cancer effects, as suggested by their chemical structures and supported by animal studies. In observational studies, however, the association between flavonoids and breast cancer, and potential underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. Objective: To examine the relationship between flavonoid intake and sex hormone levels using timed blood samples in follicular and luteal phases in the Nurses’ Health Study II among premenopausal women. Methods: Plasma concentrations of estrogens, androgens, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), prolactin, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in samples collected between 1996 and 1999. Average flavonoid were calculated from semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires collected in 1995 and 1999. We used generalized linear models to calculate geometric mean hormone concentrations across categories of the intake of flavonoids and the subclasses. Results: Total flavonoid intake generally was not associated with the hormones of interest. The only significant association was with DHEAS (p-trend = 0.02), which was 11.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): −18.6%, −3.0%) lower comparing the highest vs. lowest quartile of flavonoid intake. In subclass analyses, the highest (vs. lowest) quartile of flavan-3-ol intake was associated with significantly lower DHEAS concentrations (−11.3% with 95% CI: −18.3%, −3.7%, p-trend = 0.01), and anthocyanin intake was associated with a significant inverse trend for DHEA (−18.0% with 95% CI: −27.9%, −6.7%, p-trend = 0.003). Conclusion: Flavonoid intake in this population had limited impact on most plasma sex hormones in premenopausal women. Anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols were associated with lower levels of DHEA and DHEAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Susan E. Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Stephanie A. Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.W.); (A.H.E.)
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.W.); (A.H.E.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.W.); (A.H.E.)
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Lee A, Beaubernard L, Lamothe V, Bennetau-Pelissero C. New Evaluation of Isoflavone Exposure in the French Population. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102308. [PMID: 31569435 PMCID: PMC6835759 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study relates the present evaluation of exposure to estrogenic isoflavones of French consumers through two approaches: (1) identification of the isoflavone sources in the French food offering, (2) a consumption-survey on premenopausal women. For the foodstuff approach 150 food-items were analysed for genistein and daidzein. Additionally, 12,707 labels of processed-foods from French supermarket websites and a restaurant-supplier website were screened, and 1616 foodstuffs of interest were retained. The sources of phytoestrogens considered were soy, pea, broad bean and lupine. A price analysis was performed. A total of 270 premenopausal women from the French metropolitan territory were interviewed for their global diet habits and soy consumption and perception. In supermarkets, there were significantly less selected foodstuffs containing soy than in restaurant (11.76% vs. 25.71%, p < 0.01). There was significantly more soy in low price-foodstuff in supermarket (p < 0.01). Isoflavone levels ranged from 81 to 123,871 µg per portion of the analyzed soy containing foodstuff. Among the women inquired 46.3% claimed to have soy regularly. Isoflavone intake >45 mg/day is associated to vegan-diet (p < 0.01). In total, 11.9% of soy-consumers had a calculated isoflavone intake >50 mg/day. This dose can lengthen the menstrual cycles. The actual exposure to phytoestrogen is likely to have an effect in a part of the French population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33175 Gradignan, France.
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Bordeaux, F-33077 Bordeaux, France.
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24
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Salsano S, Pérez-Debén S, Quiñonero A, González-Martín R, Domínguez F. Phytoestrogen exposure alters endometrial stromal cells and interferes with decidualization signaling. Fertil Steril 2019; 112:947-958.e3. [PMID: 31371049 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether phytoestrogens (genistein and daidzein) alter in vitro decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). DESIGN Isolated primary ESCs were exposed to phytoestrogens and decidualized in vitro. SETTING Academic fertility center. PATIENT(S) Twenty fertile oocyte donors attending the IVI Valencia clinic. INTERVENTION(S) Treatment of ESC with phytoestrogens at 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μM. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The ESC proliferation was analyzed by MTS assay. In vitro decidualization was induced in the presence of phytoestrogens by medroxyprogesterone acetate/cyclic adenosine 3':5' monophosphate and evaluated by prolactin (PRL) ELISA and F-actin immunostaining. The Ki67 proliferative marker was analyzed by immunofluorescence. The ESC apoptosis was assessed by annexin V/propidium iodide detection using flow cytometry. Estrogen (ERβ) and P receptor (PR) localization were evaluated by immunofluorescence. RESULT(S) The ESC exposed to 0, 19, 20, 50, and 100 μM of genistein, daidzein, and genistein + daidzein showed a dose-dependent proliferation decrease. After 48-96 hours of culture, this reduction was significant in the presence of 50 μM of phytoestrogens versus 10 μM untreated ESC. The ESC decidualized in the presence of phytoestrogens did not rearrange their cytoskeletons and showed a significant decrease in PRL secretion compared with untreated decidualized ESCs (dESCs). However, phytoestrogens did not alter proliferative status or the percentage of viable/apoptotic cells in dESC compared with untreated dESC. During decidualization, phytoestrogens induced the same nuclear translocation of ERβ and PR as the control dESC. CONCLUSION(S) This study reveals that high doses of phytoestrogens could affect the in vitro decidualization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Salsano
- Fundación IVI, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Debén
- Fundación IVI, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Quiñonero
- Fundación IVI, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Domínguez
- Fundación IVI, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
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25
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Hu C, Wong WT, Wu R, Lai WF. Biochemistry and use of soybean isoflavones in functional food development. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2098-2112. [PMID: 31272191 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1630598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Soybeans and their food products exist in the market in various forms, ranging from crude oils and bean meals to nutritious products (e.g. soy milk powers). With the availability of technologies for mass production of soy products and for enrichment of soy components (e.g. phospholipids, saponins, isoflavones, oligosaccharides and edible fiber), the nutritional values of soy products have been enhanced remarkably, offering the potential for functional food development. Among different bioactive components in soybeans, one important component is isoflavones, which have been widely exploited for health implications. While there are studies supporting the health benefits of isoflavones, concerns on adverse effects have been raised in the literature. The objective of this article is to review the recent understanding of the biological activities, adverse effects, and use of isoflavones in functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshen Hu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedical and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Runyu Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
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26
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Correa Deza MA, Rodríguez de Olmos A, Garro MS. Solid state fermentation to obtain vegetable products bio-enriched with isoflavone aglycones using lactic cultures. Rev Argent Microbiol 2019; 51:201-207. [PMID: 30558854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of soybean isoflavones (IS) is associated with several beneficial properties on human health. Some lactic acid bacteria possess β-glucosidase enzyme, that allows to obtain the active form of IS (aglycone). The solid state fermentation (SSF) has received great attention in the last years in order to obtain several valuable compounds. SSF, using soybean as substrate and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL 981 as starter, was studied in the present work. Sucrose was added into soybean paste to study the effect on the behavior of the selected strain. The development of L. rhamnosus CRL 981 through pH and recount measures, sugar intake, organic acid production, β-glucosidase activity and IS conversion were analyzed. No significant differences in growth and acidity were observed between soybean pastes with and without sucrose added, but the production of lactic acid was higher in the latter paste. The β-glucosidase activity was detected in both pastes and the complete hydrolysis of IS at 12h of fermentation was observed. Also, this strain was able to increase the free amino acids in soybean paste. SSF, using soybean as substrate and L. rhamnosus CRL 981 as starter culture, is an alternative process to obtain a soybean product bio-enriched in active IS with attractive nutritional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marisa Selva Garro
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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27
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Xiao YQ, Shao D, Tong HB, Shi SR. Genistein increases progesterone secretion by elevating related enzymes in chicken granulosa cells. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1911-1917. [PMID: 30239854 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a biologically active isoflavone, exists in many soy products. It is well known that genistein binds to both oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ), but it has a higher affinity to ERβ. Genistein can also bind to the G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30, also known as G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor 1 or GPER). Furthermore, weak oestrogenic activity has been found in genistein, but the mechanism of action remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of genistein on the secretion of progesterone (P4) and oestradiol (E2) in chicken granulosa cells harvested from follicles, as well as the mRNA expression of ERs in these cells. In addition, we examined the expression of key enzymes including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) in the process of P4 synthesis. The results showed that genistein did not affect the viability of granulosa cells, nor was the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein changed. Among the 1-, 10-, 100-, and 1,000-nM concentrations tested, treatment with 1 nM genistein for 48 h significantly increased P4 but did not affect E2 secretion. Real-time PCR results showed that the ERβ gene expression in granulosa cells was markedly upregulated by 1 nM genistein treatment for 48 h, but there was no significant difference in ERα and GPR30 expression. Genistein also increased the gene expression of StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD in the cultured granulosa cells. These results indicate that genistein acts directly on chicken granulosa cells to increase P4 production by upregulating the gene expression of key enzymes through binding in ERβ. It may exert positive effects on the reproduction of late-laying hens and act as an effective and safe feed additive for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Xiao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - D Shao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - H B Tong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - S R Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
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28
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Volokh O, Klimenko N, Berezhnaya Y, Tyakht A, Nesterova P, Popenko A, Alexeev D. Human Gut Microbiome Response Induced by Fermented Dairy Product Intake in Healthy Volunteers. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030547. [PMID: 30836671 PMCID: PMC6470569 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated data suggests that the gut microbiome can rapidly respond to changes in diet. Consumption of fermented dairy products (FDP) fortified with probiotic microbes may be associated with positive impact on human health. However, the extent and details of the possible impact of FDP consumption on gut community structure tends to vary across individuals. We used microbiome analysis to characterize changes in gut microbiota composition after 30 days of oral intake of a yoghurt fortified with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to assess the gut microbial composition before and after FDP consumption in healthy adults (n = 150). Paired comparison of gut microbial content demonstrated an increase in presence of potentially beneficial bacteria, particularly, Bifidobacterium genus, as well as Adlercreutzia equolifaciens and Slackia isoflavoniconvertens. At a functional level, an increased capacity to metabolize lactose and synthesize amino acids was observed accompanied by a lowered potential for synthesis of lipopolysaccharides. Cluster analysis revealed that study volunteers segregated into two groups with post-intervention microbiota response that was dependent on the baseline microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Volokh
- PepsiCo R&D, Inc., Leningradsky prospekt, 72-4, 125315 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natalia Klimenko
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy bulvar street 42-1, 143026 Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Science, Group of Molecular Organization of Genome, 34/5 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yulia Berezhnaya
- PepsiCo R&D, Inc., Leningradsky prospekt, 72-4, 125315 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Tyakht
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy bulvar street 42-1, 143026 Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Science, Group of Molecular Organization of Genome, 34/5 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
- ITMO University, Computer Technology Department, Kronverkskiy pr., 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Polina Nesterova
- PepsiCo R&D, Inc., Leningradsky prospekt, 72-4, 125315 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anna Popenko
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy bulvar street 42-1, 143026 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Alexeev
- Knomics LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy bulvar street 42-1, 143026 Moscow, Russia.
- ITMO University, Computer Technology Department, Kronverkskiy pr., 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Atlas Biomed Group, 92 Albert Embankment, Lambeth, London SE1 7TT, UK.
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29
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Yasui T, Ideno Y, Onizuka Y, Nakajima-Shimada J, Lee JS, Shinozaki H, Kishi M, Suzuki R, Hayashi K. The association of urinary estrogen levels with urinary isoflavone levels: Difference between premenopausal women and postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2019; 121:41-47. [PMID: 30704564 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Results of studies on the associations of soy food intake with urinary estrogen levels in premenopausal women and in postmenopausal women have been inconsistent. We examined the associations of urinary isoflavone levels as well as soy food intake with estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) in pre- and postmenopausal women. In addition, we compared the levels of isoflavones, E1 and E2 across current hormone users such as those receiving hormone replacement therapy and those using oral contraceptives and non-users among both pre- and postmenopausal women. Urinary levels of isoflavones, E1 and E2 in 498 women (36 hormone users and 462 non-users) were analyzed. Premenopausal women with a higher frequency of soy food intake had higher urinary isoflavone levels, but there were no significant associations between E1 and E2 levels and urinary isoflavone levels. Levels of E1 and E2 in hormone users were significantly lower than those in hormone non-users among premenopausal women, but levels of E1 and E2 in hormone users were significantly higher than those in hormone non-users among postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women with a higher frequency of soy food intake had higher urinary isoflavone levels, and postmenopausal women with high urinary isoflavone levels had significantly higher E1 and E2 levels. In conclusion, the associations of urinary isoflavone levels with urinary estrogen levels differed with menopausal status. Urinary levels of E1 and E2 were high in postmenopausal women with high urinary isoflavone levels but not in premenopausal women with high urinary isoflavone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yasui
- Department of Reproductive and Menopausal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ideno
- Big Data Centre for Integrative Analysis, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoko Onizuka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | - Jung-Su Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mikiko Kishi
- Center for Medical Education, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Reiko Suzuki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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30
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Singh BP, Yadav D, Vij S. Soybean Bioactive Molecules: Current Trend and Future Prospective. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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31
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32
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Ribeiro AE, Monteiro NES, Moraes AVGD, Costa-Paiva LH, Pedro AO. Can the use of probiotics in association with isoflavone improve the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause? Results from a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2018; 26:643-652. [PMID: 30531444 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of isoflavone administration, either in conjunction with probiotic use or not, on the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, and compare the effects with those of hormone therapy. METHODS A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 postmenopausal women aged 40 to 60 years, randomly assigned to receive oral isoflavone (150 mg dry extract of glycine max) alone or isoflavone plus probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium lactis) or hormone therapy (1 mg estradiol and 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate). The urogenital symptom subscale of the Menopause Rating Scale and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form were used to assess genitourinary symptoms. Vaginal maturation value, pH, vaginal health score, and vaginal flora were used to evaluate vaginal atrophy. Equol, equol intermediate, O-dimethylangolensin, and aglycones were measured using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. RESULTS After 16 weeks of treatment, the urogenital symptoms, mainly vaginal dryness and sexual problem complaints, improved significantly in the hormone therapy group. There was a significant increase in the daidzein, glycitein, equol intermediate, and O-dimethylangolensin contents after 16 weeks in the isoflavone plus probiotic group. The maturation value, vaginal pH, and vaginal flora improved in the hormone therapy group. The vaginal health score increased in the isoflavone and hormone therapy groups. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics improved the metabolism of isoflavones after 16 weeks of treatment. However, the increase in the contents of isoflavones and their metabolites failed to yield an estrogenic effect on the urogenital tract and relieve the vulvovaginal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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33
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Sri Harsha PSC, Wahab RA, Garcia-Aloy M, Madrid-Gambin F, Estruel-Amades S, Watzl B, Andrés-Lacueva C, Brennan L. Biomarkers of legume intake in human intervention and observational studies: a systematic review. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018; 13:25. [PMID: 30214640 PMCID: PMC6131749 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in assessing dietary intake more accurately across different population groups, and biomarkers have emerged as a complementary tool to replace traditional dietary assessment methods. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature available and evaluate the applicability and validity of biomarkers of legume intake reported across various observational and intervention studies. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge identified 44 studies which met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results from observational studies focused on soy or soy-based foods and demonstrated positive correlations between soy intake and urinary, plasma or serum isoflavonoid levels in different population groups. Similarly, intervention studies demonstrated increased genistein and daidzein levels in urine and plasma following soy intake. Both genistein and daidzein exhibited dose-response relationships. Other isoflavonoid levels such as O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) and equol were also reported to increase following soy consumption. Using a developed scoring system, genistein and daidzein can be considered as promising candidate markers for soy consumption. Furthermore, genistein and daidzein also served as good estimates of soy intake as evidenced from long-term exposure studies marking their status as validated biomarkers. On the contrary, only few studies indicated proposed biomarkers for pulses intake, with pipecolic acid and S-methylcysteine reported as markers reflecting dry bean consumption, unsaturated aliphatic, hydroxyl-dicarboxylic acid related to green beans intake and trigonelline reported as marker of peas consumption. However, data regarding criteria such as specificity, dose-response and time-response relationship, reliability, and feasibility to evaluate the validity of these markers is lacking. In conclusion, despite many studies suggesting proposed biomarkers for soy, there is a lack of information on markers of other different subtypes of legumes. Further discovery and validation studies are needed in order to identify reliable biomarkers of legume intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedapati S C Sri Harsha
- 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Roshaida Abdul Wahab
- 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Madrid-Gambin
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheila Estruel-Amades
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- 4Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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34
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Williamson G, Kay CD, Crozier A. The Bioavailability, Transport, and Bioactivity of Dietary Flavonoids: A Review from a Historical Perspective. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1054-1112. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin D. Kay
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Inst. North Carolina State Univ. North Carolina Research Campus Kannapolis NC 28081 U.S.A
| | - Alan Crozier
- Dept. of Nutrition Univ. of California Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, Univ. Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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Hedayati S, Mazaheri Tehrani M. Effect of total replacement of egg by soymilk and lecithin on physical properties of batter and cake. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1154-1161. [PMID: 29983980 PMCID: PMC6021699 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The baking industry is interested in finding cost-effective and healthful alternatives for eggs. Therefore, in this study the effects of total replacement of egg by soymilk (SM) in combination with 0-6% soy lecithin (SL) on batter (density, microstructure, viscosity, and texture) and cakes (height, volume, density, texture, color parameters, and sensory attributes) were determined and compared with cakes manufactured with eggs. The results showed that all batters had shear thinning behavior and provided a good fit for the power law model. The egg-free cake in the absence of SL was downgraded because of high density and viscosity, small air bubbles, dark color, firm texture, low volume, and sensory scores. Inclusion of up to 4% SL to the SM was found to be significant in improving cake quality and led to cakes more similar to the control sample; however, higher levels of SL had negative effects on organoleptic properties of cakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hedayati
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFerdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM)MashhadIran
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Luo LY, Fan MX, Zhao HY, Li MX, Wu X, Gao WY. Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of the Isoflavones Formononetin and Ononin and Their in Vitro Absorption in Ussing Chamber and Caco-2 Cell Models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2917-2924. [PMID: 29504397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Formononetin and its glycoside ononin are bioactive isoflavones widely present in legumes. The present study investigated the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and in vitro absorption of formononetin and ononin. After an oral administration to rats, formononetin showed a higher systemic exposure over ononin. The oral bioavailability of formononetin and ononin were 21.8% and 7.3%, respectively. Ononin was more bioavailable than perceived, and its bioavailability reached 21.7% when its metabolite formononetin was taken into account. Both formononetin and ononin exhibited better absorption in large intestine segments than that in small intestine segments. Formononetin displayed a better permeability in all intestinal segments over ononin. Transport of formononetin across Caco-2 cell monolayer was mainly through passive diffusion, while ononin was actively pumped out by MRP2 but not P-gp. The results provide evidence for better understanding of the pharmacological actions of formononetin and ononin, which advocates more in vivo evaluations or human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
| | - Miao-Xuan Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine , Beijing Institute of Drug Control , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Ming-Xing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , Sichuan , China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , Sichuan , China
| | - Wen-Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
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Bugel SM, Tanguay RL. Multidimensional chemobehavior analysis of flavonoids and neuroactive compounds in zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 344:23-34. [PMID: 29499247 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The comparative analysis of complex behavioral phenotypes is valuable as a reductionist tool for both drug discovery and defining chemical bioactivity. Flavonoids are a diverse class of chemicals that elicit robust neuroactive and hormonal actions, though bioactivity information is limited for many, particularly for neurobehavioral endpoints. Here, we used a zebrafish larval chemomotor response (LCR) bioassay to comparatively evaluate a suite of 24 flavonoids, and in addition a panel of 30 model neuroactive compounds representing diverse modes of action (e.g. caffeine, chlorpyrifos, methamphetamine, nicotine, picrotoxin). Naïve larval zebrafish were exposed to concentration ranges of each compound at 120 hour post-fertilization (hpf) and locomotor activity measured for 5 h. The model neuroactive compounds were largely behaviorally bioactive (20 of 30) with most effects phenotypic of their known modes of action. Flavonoids rapidly and broadly elicited hyperactive locomotor effects (22 of 24). Multidimensional analyses compared responses over time and identified three distinct bioactive groups of flavonoids based on efficacy and potency. Using GABAergics to modulate hyperactive responses, two flavonoids, (S)-equol and kaempferol were tested for GABAA receptor antagonism, as well as a known GABAA receptor antagonist, picrotoxin. Pharmacological intervention with positive allosteric modulators of the GABAA receptor, alfaxalone and chlormethiazole, ameliorated the hyperactive response to picrotoxin, but not for (S)-equol or kaempferol. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that flavonoids are differentially bioactive and that the chemobehavioral effects likely do not involve a GABAA receptor mediated mode of action. Overall, the integrative zebrafish platform provides a useful framework for comparatively evaluating high-content chemobehavioral data for sets of structurally- and mechanistically-related flavonoids and neuroactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bugel
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
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Rajan RK, M. SSK, Balaji B. Soy isoflavones exert beneficial effects on letrozole-induced rat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) model through anti-androgenic mechanism. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:242-251. [PMID: 27927075 PMCID: PMC6130471 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1258425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Soy is the main source of phytoestrogens, which has long been used as traditional food. One major subtype of phytoestrogens includes isoflavones and they are scientifically validated for their beneficial actions on many hormone-dependent conditions. OBJECTIVE The present study examines the effect of soy isoflavones on letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS PCOS was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with of 1 mg/kg letrozole, p.o. once daily for 21 consecutive days. Soy isoflavones (50 and 100 mg/kg) was administered for 14 days after PCOS induction. Physical parameters (body weight, oestrous cycle determination, ovary and uterus weight) metabolic parameters (oral glucose tolerance test, total cholesterol), steroidal hormone profile (testosterone and 17β-oestradiol), steroidogenic enzymes (3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17β-HSD), oxidative stress and histopathology of ovary were studied. RESULTS Soy isoflavones (100 mg/kg) treatment significantly altered the letrozole-induced PCOS symptoms as observed by decreased body weight gain (p < 0.05), percentage diestrous phase (p < 0.001), testosterone (p < 0.001), 3β-HSD (p < 0.01) and 17β-HSD (p < 0.001) enzyme activity and oxidative stress. Histological results reveal that soy isoflavones treatment in PCOS rats resulted in well-developed antral follicles and normal granulosa cell layer in rat ovary. DISCUSSION Treatment with soy isoflavones exerts beneficial effects in PCOS rats (with decreased aromatase activity) which might be due to their ability to decrease testosterone concentration in the peripheral blood. CONCLUSION Analysis of physical, biochemical and histological evidences shows that soy isoflavones may be beneficial in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Rajan
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siva Selva Kumar M.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhaskar Balaji
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Xiao Y, Zhang S, Tong H, Shi S. Comprehensive evaluation of the role of soy and isoflavone supplementation in humans and animals over the past two decades. Phytother Res 2017; 32:384-394. [PMID: 29193539 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Soy and soy-based foods are considered healthy, particularly in many Asia-Pacific countries, where soy products have long been consumed. Soy and soy-related products have been found to help prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer, such as breast and prostate cancer. These products can also have antioxidative effects that alleviate hot flashes during menopause and bone loss. These biological and therapeutic functions are primarily due to the isoflavones derived from soy, whose structure is similar to the structure of 17-β-oestradiol. Despite the many health benefits for humans and animals, the application of isoflavones remains controversial because of their anti-oestrogenic properties. We focused on general information regarding isoflavones, as well as their structure, function, and application. We summarized evidence showing that dietary or supplemental isoflavones exert protective effects on the health of humans and animals. Based on the literature, we conclude that soy foods and isoflavones may be effective and safe; however, more high-quality trials are needed to fully substantiate their potential use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Xiao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibing Tong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
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Suzuki S, Nakashima N, Kageyama M, Yamagata K. A phytoestrogen supplement prevents the altered gene expression associated with pregnancy implantation induced by IL-1β in endometrial epithelial cells. Reprod Biol 2017. [PMID: 28647515 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens stimulate expression of the uterine estrogen receptor and regulate uterine functions in reproductive tissues. However, comprehensive understanding of the beneficial impacts of phytoestrogens on uterine biology at the molecular level remains unexplored. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression is increased in the inflamed decidua and is associated with first trimester pregnancy loss. AglyMax-Sup has the same composition as that of the phytoestrogen supplement AglyMax but with added vitamins and other components. Expression of genes associated with implantation may be enhanced by AglyMax-Sup compared with AglyMax. We tested the hypothesis that AglyMax-Sup has greater effects on implantation compared with AglyMax, using RT-PCR and Western blotting in the endometrial epithelial cell line. Furthermore, we investigated the protective effect of AglyMax-Sup on IL-1βinduced changes in estrogen-responsive gene expression in endometrial epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the phytoestrogen supplement AglyMax-Sup with those of AglyMax on estrogen-responsive gene expression. AglyMax and AglyMax-Sup significantly (p<0.05) induced gene expression of glycodelin-A, HoxA10, IL-11, LIF, MEG-E8 and TGFβ1. AglyMax-Sup induced high levels of these genes compared with the levels induced by AglyMax. The enhanced expression of LIF, IL-11, integrin αV, and HOXA10 induced by AglyMax-Sup was abolished by the ER antagonist fulvestrant and the ERK inhibitor PD98059. Meanwhile, IL-1β inhibited progesterone plus estrogen-induced TGFβ1, glycodelin-A, HOXA10, and integrin αV expression. IL-1β-induced suppression of these expression was reversed by AglyMax-Sup. These results indicate that expression of genes associated with implantation may be increased by AglyMax-Sup compared with AglyMax. AglyMax-Sup might abrogate IL-1β-mediated changes that can affect embryo implantation via the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Suzuki
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University (NUBS), Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University (NUBS), Japan.
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42
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An SM, Kim SS, Kim J, Park MN, Lee JE, Cho SK, Lee KS, An BS. Expression of reproductive hormone receptors and contraction‑associated genes in porcine uterus during the estrous cycle. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4176-4184. [PMID: 28487952 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Contraction of uterus tissue frequently occurs throughout the estrous cycle and is regulated by several endogenous factors, including estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle‑stimulating hormone, oxytocin (OXT) and contraction‑associated proteins (CAPs). Contraction activity of uterus tissue according to the estrous cycle is important, due to the fact that it is directly associated with balanced implantation and stable pregnancy. However, few studies have examined the mechanism of uterus contraction activity in a porcine model. In the current study, porcine uterus tissue was separated into the follicular and luteal phases by histological analysis. To investigate regulation of contraction‑associated factors according to the estrous cycle, mRNA and protein expression levels of reproductive hormonal receptors, including estrogen receptors, progesterone receptor and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor in addition to CAPs including OXT, OXT receptor (OXTR), hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15‑(NAD) and gap junction α‑1 protein, were examined in the porcine uterus according to the follicular and luteal phases. For the results, hormonal receptors and CAPs were dynamically regulated depending on the estrous cycle. In conclusion, genes associated with uterine contraction and its regulatory hormonal receptors in the porcine uterus were differently regulated in the follicular and luteal phases, suggesting that these genes are critically involved in the remodeling and contraction of uterine tissue and may be required to modulate the physiological status of the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min An
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Suk Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Na Park
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Gyeonggi‑do 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eon Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sup Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Beum-Soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 50463, Republic of Korea
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The Role of Natural Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Cervical Cancer-An Overview. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081055. [PMID: 27548122 PMCID: PMC6274328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer represents the second leading cause of death for women worldwide. The importance of the diet and its impact on specific types of neoplasia has been highlighted, focusing again interest in the analysis of dietary phytochemicals. Polyphenols have shown a wide range of cellular effects: they may prevent carcinogens from reaching the targeted sites, support detoxification of reactive molecules, improve the elimination of transformed cells, increase the immune surveillance and the most important factor is that they can influence tumor suppressors and inhibit cellular proliferation, interfering in this way with the steps of carcinogenesis. From the studies reviewed in this paper, it is clear that certain dietary polyphenols hold great potential in the prevention and therapy of cervical cancer, because they interfere in carcinogenesis (in the initiation, development and progression) by modulating the critical processes of cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. Specifically, polyphenols inhibit the proliferation of HPV cells, through induction of apoptosis, growth arrest, inhibition of DNA synthesis and modulation of signal transduction pathways. The effects of combinations of polyphenols with chemotherapy and radiotherapy used in the treatment of cervical cancer showed results in the resistance of cervical tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy, one of the main problems in the treatment of cervical neoplasia that can lead to failure of the treatment because of the decreased efficiency of the therapy.
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Bugel SM, Bonventre JA, Tanguay RL. Comparative Developmental Toxicity of Flavonoids Using an Integrative Zebrafish System. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:55-68. [PMID: 27492224 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large, structurally diverse class of bioactive naturally occurring chemicals commonly detected in breast milk, soy based infant formulas, amniotic fluid, and fetal cord blood. The potential for pervasive early life stage exposures raises concerns for perturbation of embryogenesis, though developmental toxicity and bioactivity information is limited for many flavonoids. Therefore, we evaluated a suite of 24 flavonoid and flavonoid-like chemicals using a zebrafish embryo-larval toxicity bioassay-an alternative model for investigating developmental toxicity of environmentally relevant chemicals. Embryos were exposed to 1-50 µM of each chemical from 6 to 120 h postfertilization (hpf), and assessed for 26 adverse developmental endpoints at 24, 72, and 120 hpf. Behavioral changes were evaluated in morphologically normal animals at 24 and 72 hpf, at 120 hpf using a larval photomotor response (LPR) assay. Gene expression was comparatively evaluated for all compounds for effects on biomarker transcripts indicative of AHR (cyp1a) and ER (cyp19a1b, esr1, lhb, vtg) pathway bioactivity. Overall, 15 of 24 flavonoids elicited adverse effects on one or more of the developmental or behavioral endpoints. Hierarchical clustering and principle component analyses compared toxicity profiles and identified 3 distinct groups of bioactive flavonoids. Despite robust induction of multiple estrogen-responsive biomarkers, co-exposure with ER and GPER antagonists did not ameliorate toxicity, suggesting ER-independence and alternative modes of action. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that development is sensitive to perturbation by bioactive flavonoids in zebrafish that are not related to traditional estrogen receptor mode of action pathways. This integrative zebrafish platform provides a useful framework for evaluating flavonoid developmental toxicity and hazard prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bugel
- *Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
| | - Josephine A Bonventre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- *Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
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Sirotkin AV, Alexa R, Kádasi A, Štochmaľová A, Morovič M, Laurinčik J, Harrath AH, Grossmann R. The isoflavone daidzein directly affects porcine ovarian cell functions and modifies the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:127-135. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Sirotkin
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra; Nitra Slovakia
- Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra; Lužianky Slovakia
| | - R. Alexa
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra; Nitra Slovakia
| | - A. Kádasi
- Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra; Nitra Slovakia
| | - A. Štochmaľová
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra; Nitra Slovakia
| | - M. Morovič
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra; Nitra Slovakia
| | - J. Laurinčik
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra; Nitra Slovakia
| | - A. H. Harrath
- Department of Zoology; College of Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Dogan S, Simsek T. Possible relationship between endocrine disrupting chemicals and hormone dependent gynecologic cancers. Med Hypotheses 2016; 92:84-7. [PMID: 27241264 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the natural and synthetic estrogens have been studied for a long time but the data regarding estrogen related chemicals (endocrine disrupting chemicals, EDCs) and their effects on reproductive system are scarce. EDCs are hormone like agents that are readily present in the environment, which may alter the endocrine system of humans and animals. Approximately 800 chemicals are known or suspected to have the potential to function as EDC. Potential role of EDCs on reproductive disease has gained attention in medical literature in recent years. We hypothesize that exposure to low doses of EDCs in a chronic manner could cause hormone dependent genital cancers including ovarian and endometrial cancer. Long term exposure to low concentrations of EDCs may exert potentiation effect with each other and even with endogenous estrogens and could inhibit enzymes responsible for estrogen metabolism. Exposure time to these EDCs is essential as we have seen from Diethylstilbestrol experience. Dose-response curves of EDCs are also unpredictable. Hence mode of action of EDCs are more complex than previously thought. In the light of these controversies lower doses of EDCs in long term exposure is not harmless. Possibility of this relationship and this hypothesis merit further investigation especially through in vivo studies that could better show the realistic environmental exposure. With the confirmation of our hypothesis, possible EDCs could be identified and eliminated from general use as a public health measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Dogan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncologic Unit, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Tayup Simsek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncologic Unit, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Mahalingam S, Gao L, Gonnering M, Helferich W, Flaws JA. Equol inhibits growth, induces atresia, and inhibits steroidogenesis of mouse antral follicles in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 295:47-55. [PMID: 26876617 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Equol is a non-steroidal estrogen metabolite produced by microbial conversion of daidzein, a major soy isoflavone, in the gut of some humans and many animal species. Isoflavones and their metabolites can affect endogenous estradiol production, action, and metabolism, potentially influencing ovarian follicle function. However, no studies have examined the effects of equol on intact ovarian antral follicles, which are responsible for sex steroid synthesis and further development into ovulatory follicles. Thus, the present study tested the hypothesis that equol inhibits antral follicle growth, increases follicle atresia, and inhibits steroidogenesis in the adult mouse ovary. To test this hypothesis, antral follicles isolated from adult CD-1 mice were cultured with vehicle control (dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO) or equol (600 nM, 6 μM, 36 μM, and 100 μM) for 48 and 96 h. Every 24h, follicle diameters were measured to monitor growth. At 48 and 96 h, the culture medium was subjected to measurement of hormone levels, and the cultured follicles were subjected to gene expression analysis. Additionally, follicles were histologically evaluated for signs of atresia after 96 h of culture. The results indicate that equol (100 μM) inhibited follicle growth, altered the mRNA levels of bcl2-associated X protein and B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, and induced follicle atresia. Further, equol decreased the levels of estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone, and it decreased mRNA levels of cholesterol side-chain cleavage, steroid 17-α-hydroxalase, and aromatase. Collectively, these data indicate that equol inhibits growth, increases atresia, and inhibits steroidogenesis of cultured mouse antral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Mahalingam
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
| | - Liying Gao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
| | - Marni Gonnering
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
| | - William Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 905 S. Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
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Barron E, Cano Sokoloff N, Maffazioli GDN, Ackerman KE, Woolley R, Holmes TM, Anderson EJ, Misra M. Diets High in Fiber and Vegetable Protein Are Associated with Low Lumbar Bone Mineral Density in Young Athletes with Oligoamenorrhea. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015; 116:481-489. [PMID: 26686817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations of bone mineral density (BMD) with specific food components, including dietary fiber and isoflavones (that have a negative association with serum estrogen), are unclear and need to be determined, particularly in populations more likely to consume large amounts of these nutrients (such as young athletes). OBJECTIVE To determine dietary intake of specific food components in athletes with oligoamenorrhea (OA) compared to athletes with eumenorrhea (EA) and nonathletes (NA), and associations of the dietary intake of these nutrients with lumbar spine BMD. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS This cross-sectional study evaluated 68 OA, 24 EA, and 26 NA individuals aged 14 to 23 years. Measurements included 4-day food records, a dual x-ray absorptiometry scan evaluating lumbar spine BMD and body composition, and hormone levels. Multivariate analysis was used to estimate associations of nutrients with lumbar spine BMD. RESULTS Compared with EA and NA, OA had higher intake of fiber, phytic acid, and vegetable protein (all P values <0.0001). Intake of isoflavones, genistein, and daidzein was higher in OA than NA (P=0.003 and P=0.0002, respectively). OA had lower consumption of energy from saturated fatty acids than NA (P=0.002). After controlling for confounders such as body weight, menstrual status (indicative of estrogen status), calcium intake, and serum vitamin D (known BMD determinants), lumbar spine BMD z scores were inversely associated with dietary fiber (β=-.30; P=0.01), vegetable protein (β= -.28; P=0.02), phytic acid (β=-.27; P=0.02), genistein (β=-.25; P=0.01), and daidzein (β=-.24; P=0.01), and positively associated with percent energy from fatty acids (β=.32; P=0.0006). CONCLUSIONS Compared with EA and NA, OA had a higher dietary intake of fiber, vegetable protein, and phytic acid, which were inversely associated with lumbar spine BMD z scores. Further studies are needed to assess dietary recommendations for OA to optimize bone accrual.
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Zhang GQ, Chen JL, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Zhao Y. Soy Intake Is Associated With Lower Endometrial Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2281. [PMID: 26683956 PMCID: PMC5058928 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies reporting the effect of soy intake on endometrial cancer risk conveyed conflicting results. We systematically reviewed the literature to investigate whether there was an inverse relation between dietary soy intake and endometrial cancer risk. PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and 4 main Chinese literature databases were searched from their inception to August 25, 2015 for both case-control studies and cohort studies that assessed the effect of soy intake on endometrial cancer risk. Study-specific most-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) were combined by using fixed-effects or random-effects model to calculate pooled risk estimates (REs). A total of 10 epidemiologic studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 8 case-control studies and 2 prospective cohort studies. Dietary soy intake was inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk with an overall RE of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.91). In subgroup analyses, a statistically significant protective effect of soy intake was found for unfermented soy food (RE: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.97), postmenopausal women (RE: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.95), and Asian (RE: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.95) and non-Asian population (RE: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.96). Current evidence indicates that soy food intake is associated with lower endometrial cancer risk. Further larger cohort studies are warranted to fully clarify such an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Zhang
- From the No. 3 Office of Student Affairs, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (G-QZ); Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (J-LC); China Effective Health Care Network, School of Public Health & Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (QL); and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (YZ, HZ, YZ)
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Lipovac M, Pfitscher A, Hobiger S, Laschitz T, Imhof M, Chedraui P, Jungbauer A. Red clover isoflavone metabolite bioavailability is decreased after fructooligosaccharide supplementation. Fitoterapia 2015; 105:93-101. [PMID: 26073948 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red clover is an important source of isoflavones; which has been made commercially available as dietary supplements for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Bioavailability and metabolism of these red clover isoflavones (RCI) have not been studied in detail. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) stimulate the growth of intestinal bacteria and play an important role in the formation of certain isoflavone metabolites, such as equol and O-desmethylangolensin. OBJECTIVE To determine the bioavailability of RCI metabolites and analyse whether FOS supplementation could influence their bioavailability. METHODS Seventeen healthy adults were enrolled in the study carried out in two periods. In the first, compound bioavailability was determined after consumption of 80 mg of RCI (MF11RCE). In the second, a 6-day supplementation of 2×3000 mg/day of FOS was administered before isoflavone consumption. RESULTS Biochanin A and formononetin were rapidly absorbed and both reached maximum concentrations at an average of 5-7h. Demethylation was a major reaction in the metabolic pathway. Daidzein serum level peaked after about 12.6h. Supplementation with FOS led to a significant decrease in the bioavailability of daidzein, dihydroformononetin, dihydrogenistein and dihydrodaidzein. An increase in equol production was also observed which did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). CONCLUSION This study is the first to provide detailed data on RCI bioavailability in humans and determine no influence of FOS yet a trend toward increased equol production. More research is warranted involving a greater sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lipovac
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for cell-based therapy in Gynecology, Wiener Ring 3-5, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Pfitscher
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory of Receptor Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Hobiger
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory of Receptor Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Laschitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology General Public Teaching Hostpital of Korneuburg, Wiener Ring 3-5, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Martin Imhof
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for cell-based therapy in Gynecology, Wiener Ring 3-5, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Area for Women's Health, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Carlos J. Arosemena Km 1.5, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory of Receptor Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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