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Etemadi A, Hassanzadehkiabi F, Mirabolghasemi M, Ahmadi M, Dehghanbanadaki H, Hosseinkhani S, Bandarian F, Najjar N, Dilmaghani-Marand A, Panahi N, Negahdari B, Mazloomi M, Karimi-jafari MH, Razi F, Larijani B. Plasma acylcarnitines and amino acids in dyslipidemia: An integrated metabolomics and machine learning approach. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:1057-1069. [PMID: 38932808 PMCID: PMC11196250 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The Discovery of underlying intermediates associated with the development of dyslipidemia results in a better understanding of pathophysiology of dyslipidemia and their modification will be a promising preventive and therapeutic strategy for the management of dyslipidemia. Methods The entire dataset was selected from the Surveillance of Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) in 30 provinces of Iran (STEPs 2016 Country report in Iran) that included 1200 subjects and was stratified into four binary classes with normal and abnormal cases based on their levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C.Plasma concentrations of 20 amino acids and 30 acylcarnitines in each class of dyslipidemia were evaluated using Tandem mass spectrometry. Then, these attributes, along with baseline characteristics data, were used to check whether machine learning (ML) algorithms could classify cases and controls. Results Our ML framework accurately predicts TG binary classes. Among the models tested, the SVM model stood out, performing slightly better with an AUC of 0.81 and a standard deviation of test accuracy at 0.04. Consequently, it was chosen as the optimal model for TG classification. Moreover, the findings showed that alanine, phenylalanine, methionine, C3, C14:2, and C16 had great power in differentiating patients with high TG from normal TG controls. Conclusions: The comprehensive output of this work, along with sex-specific attributes, will improve our understanding of the underlying intermediates involved in dyslipidemia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-024-01384-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Etemadi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farima Hassanzadehkiabi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirabolghasemi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojat Dehghanbanadaki
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Hosseinkhani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bandarian
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Najjar
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Dilmaghani-Marand
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nekoo Panahi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Mazloomi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farideh Razi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu X, Ao H, Wu X, Cao Y. Sulfur-containing amino acids and risk of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 262:8-17. [PMID: 37918291 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a chronic and complex severe psychiatric disorder. Male and female are different in their risks for schizophrenia for the biologic and sociocultural reasons. Homocysteine (Hcy), Cysteine (Cys), and methionine (Met) play important roles in metabolism, and the three amino acids may also be involved in pathogenesis of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the associations between sulfur-containing amino acid blood levels and risk of schizophrenia, evaluating the different risk in male and female. METHODS We organized a case-control study on 876 individuals with schizophrenia and 913 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as control group. The concentrations of Hcy, Cys and Met were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology. Subsequently, restricted cubic spline was applied to explore full-range associations of these amino acids with schizophrenia. Interactions between levels of the three amino acids and sex on additive scale were also tested. RESULTS Hcy levels at ≤29 μmol/L were associated with sharply increased risk of schizophrenia, inversely, Met was associated with sharply decreased risk of schizophrenia at levels ≤22 μmol/L. Increased Cys levels were associated with decreased risk of schizophrenia. Almost inverse associations were observed between Cys/Hcy and Met/Hcy ratios and schizophrenia. Significant synergistic interactions between levels of all the three amino acids and sex were discovered on an additive scale. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a close association between sulfur-containing amino acids and schizophrenia with different risk in male and female. Future studies are demanded to clarify the pathogenic role of Hcy, Cys and Met in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China
| | - Huaixuan Ao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai, China; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
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3
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Liljeström T, Kontturi KS, Durairaj V, Wester N, Tammelin T, Laurila T, Koskinen J. Protein Adsorption and Its Effects on Electroanalytical Performance of Nanocellulose/Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrodes. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3806-3818. [PMID: 37433182 PMCID: PMC10428158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein fouling is a critical issue in the development of electrochemical sensors for medical applications, as it can significantly impact their sensitivity, stability, and reliability. Modifying planar electrodes with conductive nanomaterials that possess a high surface area, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), has been shown to significantly improve fouling resistance and sensitivity. However, the inherent hydrophobicity of CNTs and their poor dispersibility in solvents pose challenges in optimizing such electrode architectures for maximum sensitivity. Fortunately, nanocellulosic materials offer an efficient and sustainable approach to achieving effective functional and hybrid nanoscale architectures by enabling stable aqueous dispersions of carbon nanomaterials. Additionally, the inherent hygroscopicity and fouling-resistant nature of nanocellulosic materials can provide superior functionalities in such composites. In this study, we evaluate the fouling behavior of two nanocellulose (NC)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite electrode systems: one using sulfated cellulose nanofibers and another using sulfated cellulose nanocrystals. We compare these composites to commercial MWCNT electrodes without nanocellulose and analyze their behavior in physiologically relevant fouling environments of varying complexity using common outer- and inner-sphere redox probes. Additionally, we use quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) to investigate the behavior of amorphous carbon surfaces and nanocellulosic materials in fouling environments. Our results demonstrate that the NC/MWCNT composite electrodes provide significant advantages for measurement reliability, sensitivity, and selectivity over only MWCNT-based electrodes, even in complex physiological monitoring environments such as human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touko Liljeström
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Katri S. Kontturi
- Sustainable
Products and Materials, VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Vasuki Durairaj
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Sustainable
Products and Materials, VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Niklas Wester
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- Sustainable
Products and Materials, VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomi Laurila
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jari Koskinen
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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Garibotto G, Picciotto D, Verzola D, Valli A, Sofia A, Costigliolo F, Saio M, Viazzi F, Esposito P. Homocysteine exchange across skeletal muscle in patients with chronic kidney disease. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15573. [PMID: 36945836 PMCID: PMC10031238 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sites and mechanisms regulating the supply of homocysteine (Hcy) to the circulation are unexplored in humans. We studied the exchange of Hcy across the forearm in CKD patients (n = 17, eGFR 20 ± 2 ml/min), in hemodialysis (HD)-treated patients (n = 14) and controls (n = 9). Arterial Hcy was ~ 2.5 folds increased in CKD and HD patients (p < 0.05-0.03 vs. controls). Both in controls and in patients Hcy levels in the deep forearm vein were consistently greater (+~7%, p < 0.05-0.01) than the corresponding arterial levels, indicating the occurrence of Hcy release from muscle. The release of Hcy from the forearm was similar among groups. In all groups arterial Hcy varied with its release from muscle (p < 0.03-0.02), suggesting that muscle plays an important role on plasma Hcy levels. Forearm Hcy release was inversely related to folate plasma level in all study groups but neither to vitamin B12 and IL-6 levels nor to muscle protein net balance. These data indicate that the release of Hcy from peripheral tissue metabolism plays a major role in influencing its Hcy plasma levels in humans and patients with CKD, and that folate is a major determinant of Hcy release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Picciotto
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | - Alessando Valli
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | - Antonella Sofia
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | - Francesca Costigliolo
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | - Michela Saio
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
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Rossokha Z, Fishchuk L, Vorobei L, Medvedieva N, Popova O, Vershyhora V, Sheyko L, Brisevac L, Stroy D, Gorovenko N. Hyperhomocysteinemia in men and women of married couples with reproductive disorders. What is the difference? Syst Biol Reprod Med 2023; 69:75-85. [PMID: 36308028 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2022.2124896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease caused by variations in folate metabolism genes, characterized by impaired methionine metabolism and accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy) in the blood serum. It was shown that men usually have higher plasma Hcy levels than women, but have not yet assessed the leading factors of these differences, which is important for the development of personalized protocols for the prevention of folate metabolism disorders in couples with reproductive disorders. This study aimed to analyze the effect of intergenic and gene-factor interactions on the risk of developing HHcy in men and women of married couples with reproductive disorders. In our study were involved 206 married Caucasian couples (206 males and 206 females) from central regions of Ukraine with early pregnancy losses in the anamnesis. We found that the incidence of HHcy in men was significantly higher than in women. Gender differences in folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were identified. The best predictors of HHcy in men (MTRR (A66G), MTHFR (C677T), MTR (A2756G), vitamin B12 level) and in women (MTHFR (C677T), MTR (A2756G), vitamin B12 level) were selected by binary logistic regression. There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes by the studied gene variants when comparing men and women with HHcy. Our findings demonstrate that there is a gender difference in the development of HHcy. This difference is caused by intergenic interaction and by environmental factors, in particular, nutrition and vitamins consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoia Rossokha
- Department of genetic diagnostics, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liliya Fishchuk
- Department of genetic diagnostics, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Nataliia Medvedieva
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Popova
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Viktoriia Vershyhora
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Sheyko
- Department of genetic diagnostics, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ljudmila Brisevac
- Department of genetic diagnostics, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Stroy
- Department of genetic diagnostics, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Gorovenko
- Department of genetic diagnostics, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Sobolewski M, Conrad K, Marvin E, Eckard M, Goeke CM, Merrill AK, Welle K, Jackson BP, Gelein R, Chalupa D, Oberdörster G, Cory-Slechta DA. The potential involvement of inhaled iron (Fe) in the neurotoxic effects of ultrafine particulate matter air pollution exposure on brain development in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:56. [PMID: 35945578 PMCID: PMC9364598 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in epidemiological studies. In our studies in mice, developmental exposures to ambient ultrafine particulate (UFP) matter either postnatally or gestationally results in neurotoxic consequences that include brain metal dyshomeostasis, including significant increases in brain Fe. Since Fe is redox active and neurotoxic to brain in excess, this study examined the extent to which postnatal Fe inhalation exposure, might contribute to the observed neurotoxicity of UFPs. Mice were exposed to 1 µg/m3 Fe oxide nanoparticles alone, or in conjunction with sulfur dioxide (Fe (1 µg/m3) + SO2 (SO2 at 1.31 mg/m3, 500 ppb) from postnatal days 4-7 and 10-13 for 4 h/day. RESULTS Overarching results included the observations that Fe + SO2 produced greater neurotoxicity than did Fe alone, that females appeared to show greater vulnerability to these exposures than did males, and that profiles of effects differed by sex. Consistent with metal dyshomeostasis, both Fe only and Fe + SO2 exposures altered correlations of Fe and of sulfur (S) with other metals in a sex and tissue-specific manner. Specifically, altered metal levels in lung, but particularly in frontal cortex were found, with reductions produced by Fe in females, but increases produced by Fe + SO2 in males. At PND14, marked changes in brain frontal cortex and striatal neurotransmitter systems were observed, particularly in response to combined Fe + SO2 as compared to Fe only, in glutamatergic and dopaminergic functions that were of opposite directions by sex. Changes in markers of trans-sulfuration in frontal cortex likewise differed in females as compared to males. Residual neurotransmitter changes were limited at PND60. Increases in serum glutathione and Il-1a were female-specific effects of combined Fe + SO2. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings suggest a role for the Fe contamination in air pollution in the observed neurotoxicity of ambient UFPs and that such involvement may be different by chemical mixture. Translation of such results to humans requires verification, and, if found, would suggest a need for regulation of Fe in air for public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sobolewski
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Katherine Conrad
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Elena Marvin
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Matthew Eckard
- grid.262333.50000000098205004Department of Psychology, Radford University, Radford, VA 24142 USA
| | - Calla M. Goeke
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Alyssa K. Merrill
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Kevin Welle
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Proteomics Core, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Robert Gelein
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - David Chalupa
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Günter Oberdörster
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Deborah A. Cory-Slechta
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
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Khan MS, Saeedullah A, Andrews SC, Iqbal K, Qadir SA, Shahzad B, Ahmed Z, Shahzad M. Adolescent Afghan Refugees Display a High Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinemia and Associated Micronutrients Deficiencies Indicating an Enhanced Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Later Life. Nutrients 2022; 14:1751. [PMID: 35565715 PMCID: PMC9105069 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research evidence suggests that elevated homocysteine level (hyperhomocysteinemia) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors for hyperhomocysteinemia among adolescent Afghan refugees aged 10−19 years. In total, 206 healthy adolescent boys and girls were randomly recruited from a refugee village in Peshawar, Pakistan, in 2020. Socio-demographic data, anthropometric assessment, and blood sample collection were performed following standard methods. Serum homocysteine was assessed using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, with hyperhomocysteinemia defined as levels ≥ 15 µmol/L. The overall prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia was 25%, with mean homocysteine levels significantly (p = 0.004) higher among boys (14.1 µmol/L) than girls (11.8 µmol/L). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between hyperhomocysteineimia and serum levels of vitamin B12 (OR 0.29; 95% CI of 0.14 to 0.62; p < 0.01) and folate (OR 0.1; 95% CI of 0.03 to 0.27; p < 0.001). Overall, our study findings indicate high prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia among adolescent Afghan refugees who are potentially at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in future. There is a dire need to develop and implement nutritional and public health strategies to control hyperhomocysteinemia, protect against related diseases and complications in future, and ensure healthy lives and well-being among these vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shabir Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (K.I.); (S.A.Q.); (B.S.)
| | - Anum Saeedullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Canal Road University Town, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Simon C. Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (K.I.); (S.A.Q.); (B.S.)
| | - Syed Abdul Qadir
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (K.I.); (S.A.Q.); (B.S.)
| | - Babar Shahzad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (K.I.); (S.A.Q.); (B.S.)
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (K.I.); (S.A.Q.); (B.S.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
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Guaita A, Brunelli L, Davin A, Poloni TE, Vaccaro R, Gagliardi S, Pansarasa O, Cereda C. Homocysteine, Folic Acid, Cyanocobalamin, and Frailty in Older People: Findings From the “Invece. Ab” Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:775803. [PMID: 34975530 PMCID: PMC8717775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.775803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is an important age-related syndrome associated with several adverse health outcomes. Its biological basis is undefined. Raised plasma homocysteine (HOcy) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, dementia, cognitive impairment, and mortality, but little is known about the possible role of plasma HOcy, cyanocobalamin (B12), and folate (FO levels in the development of frailty. Our first aim was to explore the possible association between frailty and plasma concentrations of HOcy, FO, and B12 in a cohort of community-dwelling older people. The second was to assess the influence of these metabolic factors on six-year incidence of frailty in the 875 individuals eligible for inclusion in this study (those with a full follow-up dataset). This research is based on data from three waves – 2012 (herein taken as baseline), 2014, and 2018 – of a longitudinal study (InveCe.Ab) in which non-frail men and women born between 1935 and 1939 underwent multidimensional assessments. Frailty was estimated using a deficit accumulation-based frailty index (FI). HOcy concentration was significantly positively correlated with FI at all timepoints, while B12 and FO levels were not. Plasma concentration of HOcy emerged as a predictor of six-year cumulative incidence of frailty, independent of age, sex, and education, while B12 and FO levels showed no relationship with frailty incidence. Individuals with plasma HOcy in the top quintile showed five months less frailty-free survival (HR 1.487; 95% CI: 1.063–2.078), regardless of age, sex, and education. These results demonstrate that higher HOcy is a risk factor for frailty onset in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Guaita
- Epidemiological and Neuropathological Laboratories, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Guaita,
| | - Laura Brunelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Davin
- Epidemiological and Neuropathological Laboratories, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Epidemiological and Neuropathological Laboratories, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Roberta Vaccaro
- Epidemiological and Neuropathological Laboratories, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Epidemiological and Neuropathological Laboratories, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
- Department of Woman, Mother and Newborn, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, “V. Buzzi” Children Hospital, Milan, Italy
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9
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Ménézo Y, Patrizio P, Alvarez S, Amar E, Brack M, Brami C, Chouteau J, Clement A, Clement P, Cohen M, Cornet D, Dale B, D' Amato G, Jacquesson-Fournols L, Mares P, Neveux P, Sage JC, Servy E, Huong TM, Viot G. MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: EC 1.5.1.20) SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) and homocysteine in patients referred for investigation of fertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2383-2389. [PMID: 33914208 PMCID: PMC8490548 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose MTHFR, one of the major enzymes in the folate cycle, is known to acquire single-nucleotide polymorphisms that significantly reduce its activity, resulting in an increase in circulating homocysteine. Methylation processes are of crucial importance in gametogenesis, involved in the regulation of imprinting and epigenetic tags on DNA and histones. We have retrospectively assessed the prevalence of MTHFR SNPs in a population consulting for infertility according to gender and studied the impact of the mutations on circulating homocysteine levels. Methods More than 2900 patients having suffered at least two miscarriages (2 to 9) or two failed IVF/ICSI (2 to 10) attempts were included for analysis of MTHFR SNPs C677T and A1298C. Serum homocysteine levels were measured simultaneously. Results We observed no difference in the prevalence of different genetic backgrounds between men and women; only 15% of the patients were found to be wild type. More than 40% of the patients are either homozygous for one SNP or compound heterozygous carriers. As expected, the C677T SNP shows the greatest adverse effect on homocysteine accumulation. The impact of MTHFR SNPs on circulating homocysteine is different in men than in women. Conclusions Determination of MTHFR SNPs in both men and women must be seriously advocated in the presence of long-standing infertility; male gametes, from MTHFR SNPs carriers, are not exempted from exerting a hazardous impact on fertility. Patients should be informed of the pleiotropic medical implications of these SNPs for their own health, as well as for the health of future children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Ménézo
- Laboratoire Clement, Avenue d Eylau, 75016, Paris, France.
- London Fertility Associates, Harley St, London, UK.
| | | | | | - Edouard Amar
- Hopital Américain de Paris, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Charles Brami
- Hopital Américain de Paris, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Arthur Clement
- Laboratoire Clement, Avenue d Eylau, 75016, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Brian Dale
- London Fertility Associates, Harley St, London, UK
- Centro Fecondazione Assistita, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - To Minh Huong
- VINMEC International Hospital, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi, Vietnam
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10
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Zhao J, Li Z, Hou C, Sun F, Dong J, Chu X, Guo Y. Gender differences in risk factors for high plasma homocysteine levels based on a retrospective checkup cohort using a generalized estimating equation analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:31. [PMID: 33845846 PMCID: PMC8042914 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with various health problems, but less is known about the gender differences in risk factors for high plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels. Methods In this study, a retrospective study was carried out on 14,911 participants (7838 males and 7073 females) aged 16–102 years who underwent routine checkups between January 2012 and December 2017 in the Health Management Department of Xuanwu Hospital, China. Anthropometric measurements, including body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio, were collected. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure the biochemical indexes. The outcome variable was Hcy level, and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was used to identify the associations of interest based on gender. Results Males exhibited increased Hcy levels (16.37 ± 9.66 vs 11.22 ± 4.76 μmol/L) and prevalence of HHcy (37.0% vs 11.3%) compared with females. Hcy levels and HHcy prevalence increased with age in both genders, except for the 16- to 29-year-old group. GEE analysis indicated that irrespective of gender, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were positively correlated with Hcy levels, and alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol and glucose were negatively correlated with Hcy levels. However, age, BMI and triglycerides (TGs) were positively correlated with Hcy levels exclusively in females. Conclusions Gender differences in risk factors for high plasma Hcy levels were noted. Although common correlational factors existed in both genders, age, BMI and TGs were independent risk factors for Hcy levels specifically in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Health Management Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Information Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengbei Hou
- Department of Evidence-based Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Health Management Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Health Management Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yansu Guo
- Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
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11
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Papamichael MM, Katsardis C, Tsoukalas D, Lambert K, Erbas B, Itsiopoulos C. Potential role of folate status on pulmonary function in pediatric asthma. Nutrition 2021; 90:111267. [PMID: 33979761 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between plasma folate status and measures of airway disease (as reflected by spirometry) in children with asthma on a traditional Mediterranean diet. We hypothesized that folate deficiency is associated with lung function impairment in this group of children. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 64 children with mild asthma (52% boys, mean age 8 ± 2 y) residing in Athens, Greece. Clinical assessments included spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) was analyzed using high performance-liquid chromatography assay and examined in participants using quartiles (Q1-Q4). RESULTS Of the 64 children, 45.3% were folate deficient (5-MTHF <10 nmol/L). A positive relationship was observed between 5-MTHF and forced vital capacity (FVC; β = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-1.44; adjusted P = 0.019), forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) (β = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.01-1.55; adjusted P = 0.046), and peak expiratory flow (PEF; β = 1.64; 95% CI, 0.14-3.15; adjusted P = 0.033) in girls only, adjusting for body mass index and regular exercise. Girls with low plasma folate concentrations (Q1), compared with girls with high concentrations (Q4) had 8.64% lower FVC (β = -8.64; 95% CI, -16.18 to -1.09; adjusted P = 0.027), 10.35% FEV1 (β = -10.35; 95% CI, -18.82 to -1.89; adjusted P = 0.019), and 18.72% PEF (β = -18.72; 95% CI, -36.30 to -1.14; adjusted P = 0.038). CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlighted the potential negative effects of folate deficiency on pulmonary function in girls with asthma, the importance of monitoring folate status in children with asthma, and early prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Michelle Papamichael
- La Trobe University, School of Allied Health, Department of Dietetics, Nutrition & Sport, Melbourne, Australia; European Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Katrina Lambert
- La Trobe University, School of Psychology & Public Health, Department of Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- La Trobe University, School of Psychology & Public Health, Department of Public Health, Melbourne, Australia; Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Public Health, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- La Trobe University, School of Allied Health, Department of Dietetics, Nutrition & Sport, Melbourne, Australia; RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Chen PJ, Lu YC, Wang PM, Huang CF, Loke SS. Factors associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in relatively healthy Taiwanese adults: A retrospective medical record study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23829. [PMID: 33545948 PMCID: PMC7837971 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine levels have been proposed as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in relatively healthy Taiwanese adults.A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the health examination database in a medical center located in southern Taiwan. Hyperhomocysteinemia was defined as a plasma homocysteinemia level >15 μmol/L. Factors associated with hyperhomocysteinemia were evaluated using univariate and multiple stepwise logistic regression analyses.A total of 817 adults with a mean age of 55.5 years were included in the present study, and of them, 67 (8.2%) had hyperhomocysteinemia. Results from multiple logistic regression analysis showed that male sex (Odd ratio [OR] = 12.28, 95% CI = 2.94-51.27, P = .001), advanced age (OR = 1.37 per 10 years, 95% CI = 1.06-1.77, P = .017), triglycerides (OR = 1.02 per 10 mg/dL, 95% CI = 1.01-1.04, P = .010), and uric acid (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.09-1.49, P = .004) were significantly and independently associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.In this retrospective medical record study, male sex, advanced age, higher plasma level of triglyceride, and uric acid were significantly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in relatively healthy Taiwanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ju Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City
| | - Yueh-Chien Lu
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City
| | - Pei-Ming Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City
| | - Chih-Fang Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City
- Department of Long Term Care and Management, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Song-Seng Loke
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City
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13
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Reavis ZW, Mirjankar N, Sarangi S, Boyle SH, Kuhn CM, Matson WR, Babyak MA, Matson SA, Siegler IC, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Suarez EC, Williams RB, Grichnik K, Stafford-Smith M, Georgiades A. Sex and race differences of cerebrospinal fluid metabolites in healthy individuals. Metabolomics 2021; 17:13. [PMID: 33462762 PMCID: PMC8041469 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites in large, healthy samples have been limited and potential demographic moderators of brain metabolism are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE Our objective in this study was to examine sex and race differences in 33 CSF metabolites within a sample of 129 healthy individuals (37 African American women, 29 white women, 38 African American men, and 25 white men). METHODS CSF metabolites were measured with a targeted electrochemistry-based metabolomics platform. Sex and race differences were quantified with both univariate and multivariate analyses. Type I error was controlled for by using a Bonferroni adjustment (0.05/33 = .0015). RESULTS Multivariate Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) of the 33 metabolites showed correct classification of sex at an average rate of 80.6% and correct classification of race at an average rate of 88.4%. Univariate analyses revealed that men had significantly higher concentrations of cysteine (p < 0.0001), uric acid (p < 0.0001), and N-acetylserotonin (p = 0.049), while women had significantly higher concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) (p = 0.001). African American participants had significantly higher concentrations of 3-hydroxykynurenine (p = 0.018), while white participants had significantly higher concentrations of kynurenine (p < 0.0001), indoleacetic acid (p < 0.0001), xanthine (p = 0.001), alpha-tocopherol (p = 0.007), cysteine (p = 0.029), melatonin (p = 0.036), and 7-methylxanthine (p = 0.037). After the Bonferroni adjustment, the effects for cysteine, uric acid, and 5-HIAA were still significant from the analysis of sex differences and kynurenine and indoleacetic acid were still significant from the analysis of race differences. CONCLUSION Several of the metabolites assayed in this study have been associated with mental health disorders and neurological diseases. Our data provide some novel information regarding normal variations by sex and race in CSF metabolite levels within the tryptophan, tyrosine and purine pathways, which may help to enhance our understanding of mechanisms underlying sex and race differences and potentially prove useful in the future treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackery W Reavis
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen H Boyle
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia M Kuhn
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael A Babyak
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Ilene C Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Edward C Suarez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Redford B Williams
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Mark Stafford-Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anastasia Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Box 3454 DUMC, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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14
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Urzi F, Pokorny B, Buzan E. Pilot Study on Genetic Associations With Age-Related Sarcopenia. Front Genet 2021; 11:615238. [PMID: 33505434 PMCID: PMC7831746 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.615238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite strong evidence of an inheritable component of muscle phenotypes, little progress has been made in identifying the specific genetic factors involved in the development of sarcopenia. Even rarer are studies that focus on predicting the risk of sarcopenia based on a genetic risk score. In the present study, we tested the single and combined effect of seven candidate gene variants on the risk of sarcopenia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes were genotyped using the KASP assay. We examined 190 older adults that were classified as non-sarcopenic or sarcopenic according to the diagnostic criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Sarcopenia was associated with Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, Alpha-actinin-3, and Nuclear respiratory factor 2 genotypes. The combined effect of all three polymorphisms explained 39% of the interindividual variation in sarcopenia risk. Our results suggest that the single and combined effect of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, Alpha-actinin-3, and Nuclear respiratory factor 2 polymorphism is associated with sarcopenia risk in older adults. Nowadays, as the population is getting older and older, great efforts are being made to research the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia. At the same time, small progress has been made in understanding the genetic etiology of sarcopenia. Given the importance of research on this disease, further genetic studies are needed to better understand the genetic risk underlying sarcopenia. We believe that this small-scale study will help to demonstrate that there is still much to be discovered in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicita Urzi
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Pokorny
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.,Environmental Protection College, Velenje, Slovenia
| | - Elena Buzan
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.,Environmental Protection College, Velenje, Slovenia
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15
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Burchiel SW, Lauer FT, Factor-Litvak P, Liu X, Islam T, Eunus M, Abu Horayara M, Islam MT, Rahman M, Ahmed A, Cremers S, Nandakumar R, Ahsan H, Olopade C, Graziano J, Parvez F. Arsenic exposure associated T cell proliferation, smoking, and vitamin D in Bangladeshi men and women. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234965. [PMID: 32574193 PMCID: PMC7310686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There are limited data examining the consequences of environmental exposure to arsenic on the immune system in adults, particularly among smokers. Smoking has been shown to exacerbate or contribute to impaired immune function in men chronically exposed to arsenic. In contrast, vitamin D (VitD) is known to have a positive influence on innate and adaptive immune responses. The effect of circulating VitD on arsenic-associated immune dysfunction is not known. Here we examine the relationship of arsenic exposure and T cell proliferation (TCP), a measure of immune responsiveness, and circulating VitD among adult men and women in Bangladesh. Arsenic exposure was assessed using total urinary arsenic as well as urinary arsenic metabolites all adjusted for urinary creatinine. TCP was measured ex vivo in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 614 adult participants enrolled in the Bangladesh Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study; serum VitD was also evaluated. The influence of cigarette smoking on arsenic-induced TCP modulation was assessed only in males as there was an inadequate number of female smokers. These studies show that arsenic suppressed TCP in males. The association was significantly strong in male smokers and to a lesser extent in male non-smokers. Interestingly, we found a strong protective effect of high/sufficient serum VitD levels on TCP among non-smoking males. Furthermore, among male smokers with low serum VitD (⊔20 ng/ml), we found a strong suppression of TCP by arsenic. On the other hand, high VitD (>20 ng/ml) was found to attenuate effects of arsenic on TCP among male-smokers. Overall, we found a strong protective effect of VitD, when serum levels were >20 ng/ml, on arsenic-induced inhibition of TCP in men, irrespective of smoking status. To our knowledge this is the first large study of immune function in healthy adult males and females with a history of chronic arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W. Burchiel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fredine T. Lauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Tariqul Islam
- University of Chicago and Columbia University Field Research Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubul Eunus
- University of Chicago and Columbia University Field Research Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. Abu Horayara
- University of Chicago and Columbia University Field Research Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tariqul Islam
- University of Chicago and Columbia University Field Research Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanour Rahman
- University of Chicago and Columbia University Field Research Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Alauddin Ahmed
- University of Chicago and Columbia University Field Research Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Serge Cremers
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Christopher Olopade
- University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Joseph Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
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16
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Biochemical and Hematological Correlates of Elevated Homocysteine in National Surveys and a Longitudinal Study of Urban Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040950. [PMID: 32235453 PMCID: PMC7230768 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood homocysteine (Hcy) among middle-aged adults can increase age-related disease risk, possibly through other biochemical and hematological markers. We selected markers for hyperhomocysteinemia among middle-aged adults, studied time-dependent Hcy-marker associations and computed highly predictive indices of hyperhomocysteinemia, with cross-sectional and longitudinal validations. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, phase 2, nmax = 4000), the NHANES 1999–2006 (nmax = 10,151) and pooled NHANES (cross-sectional validation). Longitudinal validation consisted of mixed-effects linear regression models (Hcy predicting markers’ annual rates of change), applied to the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS, n = 227–244 participants, k = 2.4 repeats/participant, Agebase: 30–65 years) data. Machine learning detected nine independent markers for Hcy > 14 µmol/L (NHANES III, phase 2): older age; lower folate and B-12 status; higher serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, and cotinine; mean cell hemoglobin and red cell distribution widths (RDW); results replicated in the 1999–2006 NHANES [AUC = 0.60–0.80]. Indices combining binary markers increased elevated Hcy odds by 6.9–7.5-fold. In HANDLS, first-visit Hcy predicted annual increase in creatinine, RDW and alkaline phosphatase, with third-visit index (2013–2018) directly predicting Hcy (2004–2009). We provide evidence of the internal and external validity of indices composed of several biomarkers that are strongly associated with elevated Hcy.
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17
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Azzini E, Ruggeri S, Polito A. Homocysteine: Its Possible Emerging Role in At-Risk Population Groups. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041421. [PMID: 32093165 PMCID: PMC7073042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for several pathological disorders. The present review focused on the role of homocysteine (Hcy) in different population groups, especially in risk conditions (pregnancy, infancy, old age), and on its relevance as a marker or etiological factor of the diseases in these age groups, focusing on the nutritional treatment of elevated Hcy levels. In pregnancy, Hcy levels were investigated in relation to the increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as small size for gestational age at birth, preeclampsia, recurrent abortions, low birth weight, or intrauterine growth restriction. In pediatric populations, Hcy levels are important not only for cardiovascular disease, obesity, and renal disease, but the most interesting evidence concerns study of elevated levels of Hcy in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Finally, a focus on the principal pathologies of the elderly (cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease, osteoporosis and physical function) is presented. The metabolism of Hcy is influenced by B vitamins, and Hcy-lowering vitamin treatments have been proposed. However, clinical trials have not reached a consensus about the effectiveness of vitamin supplementation on the reduction of Hcy levels and improvement of pathological condition, especially in elderly patients with overt pathologies, suggesting that other dietary and non-dietary factors are involved in high Hcy levels. The importance of novel experimental designs focusing on intra-individual variability as a complement to the typical case-control experimental designs and the study of interactions between different factors it should be emphasized.
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Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinaemia and Associated Factors among Ethiopian Adult Population in a 2015 National Survey. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9210261. [PMID: 32420383 PMCID: PMC7201487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9210261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for major cardiovascular diseases, but data on the prevalence and predictors of HHcy in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia are scant. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HHcy and associated risk factors in the Ethiopian adult population. A cross-sectional survey on risks of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) using the STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey was conducted between April and June 2015. A total of 4,175 study participants were surveyed. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) and metabolic profile were determined using Cobas Integra 400 Plus and CardioChek PA analyzer, respectively. Factors associated with HHcy were determined using logistic regression. The mean serum tHcy concentration was 14.6 μmol/L, with 16.4 μmol/L in males and 13.4 μmol/L in females. Overall, 38% had HHcy, with figures in males (49%) higher than females (30%). Increased age, being male, and high blood pressure and/or taking blood pressure medication, as well as low consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, were independent risk factors for HHcy. In conclusion, the prevalence of HHcy among the adult Ethiopian population is alarmingly high. Improving diets through the promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption is needed to reduce the risk of NCDs.
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19
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Wang T, Ren C, Ni J, Ding H, Qi Q, Yan C, Deng B, Dai J, Li G, Ding Y, Jin G. Genetic Association of Plasma Homocysteine Levels with Gastric Cancer Risk: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 29:487-492. [PMID: 31748259 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of plasma homocysteine level (PHL) with gastric cancer risk was reported in observational studies. However, the causality is challenging due to confounding factors and the lack of evidence from well-designed cohort studies. Herein, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate whether PHL is causally related to gastric cancer risk. METHODS We performed the MR analysis based on the results from genome-wide association studies consisting of 2,631 patients with gastric cancer and 4,373 controls. An externally weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) was constructed with 15 SNPs with well-established associations with PHL. We utilized logistic regression model to estimate associations of PHL-related SNPs and wGRS with gastric cancer risk in total population and in strata by sex, age, and study site, in addition to a series of sensitivity analyses. RESULTS High genetically predicted PHL was associated with an increased gastric cancer risk (per SD increase in the wGRS: OR = 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.12; P = 0.011), which was consistent in sensitivity analyses. Subgroup analyses provided evidence of a stronger association with gastric cancer risk in women than in men. MR-Egger and weighted median regression suggested that potentially unknown pleiotropic effects were not biasing the association between PHL and gastric cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that genetically predicted high PHL was associated with an increased gastric cancer risk, suggesting that high PHL may have a causal role in the etiology of gastric cancer. IMPACT These findings provide causal inference for PHL on gastric cancer risk, suggesting a causal role of high PHL in the etiology of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Clinical Medical Testing Laboratory, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiwang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanbing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Ourshalimian S, Naser AM, Rahman M, Doza S, Stowell J, Narayan KMV, Shamsudduha M, Gribble MO. Arsenic and fasting blood glucose in the context of other drinking water chemicals: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:249-257. [PMID: 30818234 PMCID: PMC6744838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
GOAL The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between groundwater arsenic and fasting blood glucose in the context of other groundwater chemicals, in Bangladesh. METHODS Fasting blood glucose, gender, body mass index, sociodemographic variables, and diabetes medication use were measured among adults ≥ 35 years of age (n = 6587) participating in the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2011. Groundwater chemicals in 3534 well water samples were measured in the British Geological Survey (BGS) and Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) 1998-99 survey. We assigned the nearest BGS-DPHE well's chemical exposure to each BDHS participant. We used survey-estimation linear regression methods to model natural log-transformed fasting blood glucose, among those using groundwater as their primary drinking-water source, as a function of groundwater arsenic. We considered possible interactions between categorical arsenic exposure and each of 14 other groundwater chemicals dichotomized at their medians. The chemicals considered as possible effect modifiers included: aluminum, barium, calcium, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, phosphorous, silicon, sulfate, strontium, and zinc. RESULTS Compared to persons exposed to groundwater arsenic ≤ 10 μg/L, the adjusted geometric mean ratio (GMR) of fasting blood glucose was 1.01 (95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.04) for individuals exposed to groundwater arsenic concentrations > 10 μg/L and ≤ 50 μg/L, and was 1.01 (0.97, 1.03) for those with > 50 μg/L arsenic. There were no Bonferroni-significant interactions with other chemicals, after accounting for the large number of chemicals tested as modifiers. CONCLUSIONS In our analysis of groundwater chemistry data from 1998/99 and fasting blood glucose outcomes measured in nearby populations approximately a decade later, there was no overall association of fasting blood glucose with nearby historical groundwater arsenic. This null association was not significantly modified by the historical levels of other groundwater chemicals. These null results are inconclusive regarding shorter-term potential toxicity of arsenic for glucose regulation, if there are differences between the historical concentrations measured in nearby groundwater and the actual drinking water chemical exposures in the population during the etiologically relevant period for more acute phenotypes like fasting blood glucose. Drinking water supply-relevant, longitudinal exposure assessment with less measurement error is needed to more precisely evaluate the joint impacts of drinking water chemicals and establish if there is a sensitive time window for glycemic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abu Mohd Naser
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Solaiman Doza
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jennifer Stowell
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammad Shamsudduha
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew O Gribble
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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21
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Popovic D, Lalic K, Jotic A, Milicic T, Bogdanovic J, Đorđevic M, Stankovic S, Jeremic V, Lalic NM. The Inflammatory and Hemostatic Cardiovascular Risk Markers During Acute Hyperglycemic Crisis in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. J Med Biochem 2019; 38:126-133. [PMID: 30867640 PMCID: PMC6410996 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed cardiovascular inflammatory (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6)), haemostatic (homocysteine) risk markers in lean and obese patients at admission and acute hyperglicemic crisis (AHC) resolving, involving diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). METHODS In that context, we included group A: N = 20 obese, B: N=20 lean patients with DKA; C: N = l0 obese, D: N=10 lean patients with HHS; E: N = 15 obese, F: N=15 lean controls. CRP IL-6, homocysteine were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Our results showed that CRP IL-6, and homocysteine levels decreased in all groups: (A: p<0.001; B: p<0.001, C: p<0.05; D: p<0.001 mg/L), (A: p<0.001 B: p<0.001, C: p<0.001, D: p<0.01 pg/mL), (A: p<0.001, B: p <0.001; C: p<0.05, D: p=0.001 μmol/L), respectively, at resolving AHC. However, CRP persisted higher (p<0.001, p<0.01), IL-6 lower (p<0.05, p<0.001), while homocysteine levels turned out to be similar to controls. CONCLUSIONS AHC is associated with increased inflammatory and hemostatic cardiovascular risk markers. Also, insulin therapy in AHC has had more pronounced favorable effect on IL-6 and homocystein than on CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Popovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Lalic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jotic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Milicic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Bogdanovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Đorđevic
- Emergency Center, Clinical Centar of Serbia, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Veljko Jeremic
- Department for Operations Research and Statistics, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa M. Lalic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Tessari P, Cecchet D, Vettore M, Coracina A, Puricelli L, Kiwanuka E. Decreased Homocysteine Trans-Sulfuration in Hypertension With Hyperhomocysteinemia: Relationship With Insulin Resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:56-63. [PMID: 29029082 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Homocysteine is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and is elevated in essential hypertension. Insulin stimulates homocysteine catabolism in healthy individuals. However, the mechanisms of hyperhomocysteinemia and its relationship with insulin resistance in essential hypertension are unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate whole body methionine and homocysteine kinetics and the effects of insulin in essential hypertension. DESIGN AND SETTING Eight hypertensive male subjects and six male normotensive controls were infused with l-[methyl-2H3,1-13C]methionine for 6 hours. In the last 3 hours a euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp was performed. Steady-state methionine and homocysteine kinetics were determined in postabsorptive and hyperinsulinemic conditions. RESULTS Postabsorptive hypertensive subjects had elevated homocysteine concentrations (+30%, P = 0.035) and slightly (by 15% to 20%) but insignificantly lower methionine rates of appearance (Ras) (P = 0.07 to P = 0.05) and utilization for protein synthesis (P = 0.06) than postabsorptive normotensive controls. Hyperinsulinemia suppressed methionine Ra and protein synthesis, whereas it increased homocysteine trans-sulfuration, clearance, and methionine transmethylation (the latter only in the normotensive subjects). However, in the hypertensive subjects trans-sulfuration was significantly lower (P < 0.05) and increased ~50% less [by +1.59 ± 0.34 vs +3.45 ± 0.52 µmol/kg lean body mass (LBM) per hour, P < 0.005] than in normotensive controls. Homocysteine clearance through trans-sulfuration was ~50% lower in hypertensive than in normotensive subjects (P < 0.005). In the hypertensive subjects, insulin-mediated glucose disposal was ~45% lower (460 ± 44 vs 792 ± 67 mg/kg LBM per hour, P < 0.0005) than in normotensive controls and was positively correlated with the increase of trans-sulfuration (P < 0.0015). CONCLUSIONS In subjects with essential hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with decreased homocysteine trans-sulfuration and probably represents a feature of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tessari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Cecchet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Vettore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Coracina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Puricelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Edward Kiwanuka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, Italy
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23
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Wang W, Ji P, Wang Y, Guo H, Bian R, Xu J, Xiong Y. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia and its associated factors in patients with primary hypertension in Chinese urban communities: A cross-sectional study from Nanjing. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 40:495-500. [PMID: 29172835 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1403621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Chronic Disease and Health Management Research Center, the Geriatrics Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, the Geriatrics Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Cardiology, the Geriatrics Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Geriatrics Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the Geriatrics Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongwen Bian
- Chronic Disease and Health Management Research Center, the Geriatrics Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaren Xu
- Chronic Disease and Health Management Research Center, the Geriatrics Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqing Xiong
- Chronic Disease and Health Management Research Center, the Geriatrics Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, the Geriatrics Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
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24
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Qin YY, Wang P, Qin JQ, Wei AQ, Huang P, Lai ZF, Lin FQ. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia during routine physical examination in Guangxi Province, China and related risk factors. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28393395 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on homocysteine (Hcy) have mainly focused on the correlation between the homocysteine concentration and disease development. Few epidemiological investigations have been performed. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) during routine physical examination in Guangxi Province, China and the correlation of serum Hcy with gender, age, serum uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and blood glucose (GLU) to provide evidence for preventing and treating HHcy. METHODS Data of 8043 patients who underwent physical examinations at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China from 2015 to 2016 were collected. These data included gender, age, and the serum Hcy, UA, GLU, TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C concentrations. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HHcy was 50.8% (52.3% in males, 48.1% in females). Age, UA, TC, TG, and LDL-C were significantly higher and HDL-C was significantly lower in patients with than without HHcy, regardless of gender (all P<.05). The Hcy level was positively correlated with UA, TC, TG, and LDL-C but negatively correlated with HDL-C. Gender, age, UA, TC, and TG were independent risk factors for HHcy. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HHcy was very high during routine physical examination in Guangxi Province, China. HHcy was related to gender, age, high concentrations of UA, TC, TG, and LDL-C; and low concentrations of HDL-C. Strengthening early intervention of HHcy can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ai-Qiu Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhan-Feng Lai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fa-Quan Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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25
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Maroto-Sánchez B, Lopez-Torres O, Palacios G, González-Gross M. What do we know about homocysteine and exercise? A review from the literature. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 54:1561-77. [PMID: 26876813 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
High total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Several investigations have focused on the effect of exercise on tHcy concentrations, but results remain controversial. The differences among the methodologies in the investigations make difficult the interpretation of results. This review differentiates the effects of exercise on tHcy and establishes the relation with the implicated biomarkers on tHcy metabolism related to exercise. The electronic database MEDLINE (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) was used for searching studies published between years 2002 and 2015. 'Homocysteine', 'Training ', 'Exercise', 'Physical Activity' as well as combinations out of these terms were entered in the database. Articles were grouped in: 1) Acute effect of exercise on tHcy, 2) chronic exercise and tHcy, 3) relationship of physical activity (PA) level and cardiorespiratory fitness with tHcy, and 4) biomarkers related to tHcy and exercise. From a total of 30 articles, most of the studies analyzing the acute effect of exercise showed an increase on tHcy concentrations. Studies analyzing the chronic effect on tHcy concentrations showed contradictory results and no consensus exists probably due to the differences in the methodology, exercise interventions and participants characteristics. Low cardiorespiratory fitness seems to be associated with high tHcy; in contrast, the relation of PA levels and tHcy needs further research. Regarding biomarkers related to tHcy and exercise, some studies showed an increase of folate, vitamin B12, and creatine after acute exercise that could to be due to requirement of protein turnover and an increased metabolic demand of vitamin-B.
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26
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Lee JY, Kim JM, Kim IT, Yoo CK, Won YS, Kim JH, Kwon HS, Park KH. Relationship between Plasma Homocysteine Level and Glaucomatous Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defect. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:918-923. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1257728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Mo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Tae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Kwon Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Sam Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Howe CG, Liu X, Hall MN, Ilievski V, Caudill MA, Malysheva O, Lomax-Luu AM, Parvez F, Siddique AB, Shahriar H, Uddin MN, Islam T, Graziano JH, Costa M, Gamble MV. Sex-Specific Associations between One-Carbon Metabolism Indices and Posttranslational Histone Modifications in Arsenic-Exposed Bangladeshi Adults. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 26:261-269. [PMID: 27765800 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttranslational histone modifications (PTHMs) are altered by arsenic, an environmental carcinogen. PTHMs are also influenced by nutritional methyl donors involved in one-carbon metabolism (OCM), which may protect against epigenetic dysregulation. METHODS We measured global levels of three PTHMs, which are dysregulated in cancers (H3K36me2, H3K36me3, H3K79me2), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 324 participants enrolled in the Folic Acid and Creatine Trial, a randomized trial in arsenic-exposed Bangladeshi adults. Sex-specific associations between several blood OCM indices (folate, vitamin B12, choline, betaine, homocysteine) and PTHMs were examined at baseline using regression models, adjusted for multiple tests by controlling for the false discovery rate (PFDR). We also evaluated the effects of folic acid supplementation (400 μg/d for 12 weeks), compared with placebo, on PTHMs. RESULTS Associations between choline and H3K36me2 and between vitamin B12 and H3K79me2 differed significantly by sex (Pdiff < 0.01 and <0.05, respectively). Among men, plasma choline was positively associated with H3K36me2 (PFDR < 0.05), and among women, plasma vitamin B12 was positively associated with H3K79me2 (PFDR < 0.01). Folic acid supplementation did not alter any of the PTHMs examined (PFDR = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS OCM indices may influence PTHMs in a sex-dependent manner, and folic acid supplementation, at this dose and duration, does not alter PTHMs in PBMCs. IMPACT This is the first study to examine the influences of OCM indices on PTHMs in a population that may have increased susceptibility to cancer development due to widespread exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water and a high prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(2); 261-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Megan N Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Vesna Ilievski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Olga Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Angela M Lomax-Luu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Abu B Siddique
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Shahriar
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad N Uddin
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Joseph H Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York
| | - Mary V Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
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28
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Tavares CDJ, Sharabi K, Dominy JE, Lee Y, Isasa M, Orozco JM, Jedrychowski MP, Kamenecka TM, Griffin PR, Gygi SP, Puigserver P. The Methionine Transamination Pathway Controls Hepatic Glucose Metabolism through Regulation of the GCN5 Acetyltransferase and the PGC-1α Transcriptional Coactivator. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10635-45. [PMID: 27022023 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.706200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine is an essential sulfur amino acid that is engaged in key cellular functions such as protein synthesis and is a precursor for critical metabolites involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In mammals, in response to nutrient conditions, the liver plays a significant role in regulating methionine concentrations by altering its flux through the transmethylation, transsulfuration, and transamination metabolic pathways. A comprehensive understanding of how hepatic methionine metabolism intersects with other regulatory nutrient signaling and transcriptional events is, however, lacking. Here, we show that methionine and derived-sulfur metabolites in the transamination pathway activate the GCN5 acetyltransferase promoting acetylation of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α to control hepatic gluconeogenesis. Methionine was the only essential amino acid that rapidly induced PGC-1α acetylation through activating the GCN5 acetyltransferase. Experiments employing metabolic pathway intermediates revealed that methionine transamination, and not the transmethylation or transsulfuration pathways, contributed to methionine-induced PGC-1α acetylation. Moreover, aminooxyacetic acid, a transaminase inhibitor, was able to potently suppress PGC-1α acetylation stimulated by methionine, which was accompanied by predicted alterations in PGC-1α-mediated gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production in primary murine hepatocytes. Methionine administration in mice likewise induced hepatic PGC-1α acetylation, suppressed the gluconeogenic gene program, and lowered glycemia, indicating that a similar phenomenon occurs in vivo These results highlight a communication between methionine metabolism and PGC-1α-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis, suggesting that influencing methionine metabolic flux has the potential to be therapeutically exploited for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint D J Tavares
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Kfir Sharabi
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - John E Dominy
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Yoonjin Lee
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Marta Isasa
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Jose M Orozco
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Pere Puigserver
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
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Zhong C, Xu T, Xu T, Peng Y, Wang A, Wang J, Peng H, Li Q, Geng D, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Gao X, He J. Plasma Homocysteine and Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke: a Gender-Specific Analysis From CATIS Randomized Clinical Trial. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2022-2030. [PMID: 26910818 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Elevated total homocysteine level (tHcy) has been hypothesized to be associated with morbidity and mortality of stroke; however, results regarding the association between plasma tHcy status and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke are inconsistent. Moreover, the gender effect on this association has yet to be explored. We thus prospectively investigated whether higher tHcy concentrations predicted poor stroke prognosis in Chinese adults. A total of 3309 acute ischemic stroke patients were included in this prospective multicenter study from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CATIS). Baseline tHcy concentrations were quantitatively determined via enzymatic cycling assay. The primary outcome was a combination of death and major disability at 3 months (modified Rankin scale scores 3-6) after hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression models with restricted cubic splines were used to determine the association between baseline plasma tHcy and the subsequent outcome. Higher plasma tHcy concentrations were associated with increased risks of the primary outcome in women but not in men (P interaction = 0.016). Adjusted odds ratios comparing two extreme tHcy quartiles were 1.83 (95 % confidence interval 1.12-2.98; P trend = 0.02) in women and 0.87 (95 % confidence interval 0.61-1.25; P trend = 0.37) in men. The significant association between baseline tHcy status and stroke prognosis in women, but not in men, persisted in further subgroup analyses, stratified by age, baseline systolic blood pressure, and other pre-specified factors. Elevated tHcy is positively associated with poor prognosis of acute ischemic stroke in women, but not in men. Further studies are needed to replicate our findings and to clarify the potential sex-specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China
| | - Jinchao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yutian County Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China
| | - Qunwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Taishan Medical College, Shandong, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Cardiology, Dongping County People's Hospital, Dongping, Shandong, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Wenshang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China. .,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, China. .,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Cho SJ, Lee HA, Park BH, Ha EH, Kim YJ, Park EA, Park H. Combined effect of folate and adiposity on homocysteine in children at three years of age. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:74-80. [PMID: 26865919 PMCID: PMC4742314 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular diseases is a major cause of death and is responsible for 23.8% of deaths in Korea. Clinical symptoms manifest in adulthood, but susceptibility begins in utero. Elevated homocysteine levels and adiposity might be linked to a greater risk in children as well as adults. We hypothesized that those who have simultaneous risk for folate and adiposity would be affected with elevated homocysteine levels at 3 years of age. SUBJECTS/METHODS From the ongoing birth cohort at Ewha Womans University Mok-Dong Hospital, we compared adiposity parameters, serum homocysteine, and folate levels in 238 children (118 boys and 120 girls) at three years of age. The relationship between birth outcome, current weight and body mass index (BMI), postnatal growth, and homocysteine level were assessed using correlation and general linear model. Additionally, we assessed the combined effect between blood folate status and adiposity on current homocysteine levels. RESULTS Birth characteristics were not correlated with homocysteine. Current weight, BMI, upper-arm circumference, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, and hip circumference were positively correlated with homocysteine at three years of age (P < 0.05). Folate level was negatively correlated with homocysteine at three years of age (P < 0.0001). A relative high anthropometric measure which is compatible with adiposity and low folate level was associated with high homocysteine levels. CONCLUSION We found a combined effect of adiposity and folate levels with homocysteine levels at three years of age. This implicates the beneficial role of folate supplementation in the high-risk population at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Hye Ah Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Eun Ae Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
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Hyperhomocysteinemia independently associated with the risk of hypertension: a cross-sectional study from rural China. J Hum Hypertens 2015; 30:508-12. [PMID: 26155996 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2015.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the current prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) and its association with hypertension in rural adults of Northeast China. A cross-sectional study was performed in subjects aged⩾35 years in a general Chinese population. Demographic data, laboratory examination of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and self-reported information on lifestyle factors, such as physical activities, current smoking and drinking status, dietary habits and familial factors were collected by trained personnel. A total of 7130 participants (3317 men and 3813 women) were included in this study and the mean Hhcy level of the whole population was 17.39±12.34 mmol l(-1), which was 20.99±14.83 mmol l(-1) in males and 14.19±8.51 mmol l(-1) in females, respectively. Prevalence of Hhcy in total population was 41.3%. Stratified by gender, the prevalence of Hhcy was higher in males than in females (59.0 vs 25.8%, P<0.05). After adjustment for conventional risk factors including age, salt intake, smoking, body mass index, diabetes, dyslipidemia, activity time and family history, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Hhcy was independently associated with the risk of hypertension in males (odds ratio (OR)=1.501, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.012-2.227; P<0.001), but not in females in this population (OR=1.182; 95% CI, 0.993-1.407; P=0.060). In conclusion, a high prevalence of Hhcy in the general adult population of rural northeast China was detected and Hhcy may be a risk factor for hypertension, particularly in males.
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Cao C, Hu J, Dong Y, Zhan R, Li P, Su H, Peng Q, Wu T, Lei L, Huang X, Wu Q, Cheng X. Gender differences in the risk factors for endothelial dysfunction in Chinese hypertensive patients: homocysteine is an independent risk factor in females. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118686. [PMID: 25692574 PMCID: PMC4334966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, the gender-related differences in risk factors for endothelial dysfunction are controversial. We investigated the gender differences in the risk factor profiles for endothelial dysfunction in Chinese hypertensive patients. Methods Vascular endothelial functions in 213 hypertensive patients were measured by digital reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT). Peripheral blood samples were collected, and the self-reported smoking and alcohol consumption status, age, body mass index, heart rate, blood pressure and drug administrations were recorded. Results RH-PAT indexes were attenuated in both male and female hypertensive patients [1.60 (1.38-2.02) vs. 1.63 (1.44-1.98)]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified plasma creatinine (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.001), homocysteine (p = 0.002) and smoking (p < 0.001) as the independent factors correlated with gender (male). Multivariate linear regression analysis further identified homocysteine as the factor that is significantly and independently correlated with the decrease in the RH-PAT indexes in female patients (odds ratio: -0.166, 95% confidence interval: -0.292 to -0.040, p = 0.01). However, none of these four factors were correlated with the RH-PAT indexes in male patients. Conclusions There are gender-related differences in the risk factors for endothelial dysfunction in Chinese hypertensive patients. Homocysteine is an independent factor for endothelial dysfunction in female hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianxin Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yifei Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Rui Zhan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hai Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Liang Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
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Bertoia ML, Pai JK, Cooke JP, Joosten MM, Mittleman MA, Rimm EB, Mukamal KJ. Plasma homocysteine, dietary B vitamins, betaine, and choline and risk of peripheral artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:94-101. [PMID: 24819748 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have examined the roles of homocysteine and related nutrients in the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD). We examined the associations between plasma homocysteine, dietary B vitamins, betaine, choline, and supplemental folic acid use and incidence of PAD. METHODS We used two cohort studies of 72,348 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1990-2010) and 44,504 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, 1986-2010). We measured plasma homocysteine in nested matched case-control studies of clinically recognized PAD within both cohorts, including 143 PAD cases and 424 controls within the NHS (1990-2010) and 143 PAD cases and 428 controls within the HPFS (1994-2008). We examined the association between diet and risk of incident PAD in the cohorts using a food frequency questionnaire and 790 cases of PAD over 3.1 million person-years of follow-up. RESULTS Higher homocysteine levels were positively associated with risk of PAD in men (adjusted IRR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.08-4.38 for tertile 3 vs. 1). There was no evidence of an association in women (adjusted IRR 1.14; 95% CI, 0.61-2.12). Similarly, higher folate intake, including supplements, was inversely associated with risk of PAD in men (adjusted HR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98 for each 250 μg increase) but not women (HR 1.01, 95% CI, 0.88-1.15). Intakes of the other B vitamins, betaine, and choline were not consistently associated with risk of PAD in men or women. CONCLUSION Homocysteine levels were positively associated and dietary folate intake was inversely associated with risk of PAD in men but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Bertoia
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jennifer K Pai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michel M Joosten
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Yang X, Zhou Y, Liu C, Gao X, Wang A, Guo Y, Li W, Zhao X, Liang W. Homocysteine and carotid plaque stability: a cross-sectional study in Chinese adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94935. [PMID: 24736609 PMCID: PMC3988131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the possible association of plasma total homocysteine with carotid plaque stability. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2010 to 2011. A stratified random sample of 2,919 Chinese participants aged 40 years or older was enrolled. Plasma total homocysteine levels were measured and carotid plaques were evaluated by ultrasonography. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of homocysteine levels to the progression of carotid plaque development, while adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors. RESULTS The mean level of plasma homocysteine in the subjects was 14.9 µmol/l. Along with increase in homocysteine level, the risk of advanced carotid plaque elevated (odds ratio = 1.28; 95% confidence interval = 1.09-1.51) after adjusting for age, sex, and other potential confounders. Stratified by sex, higher homocysteine level was strongly associated with advanced carotid plaque in men (OR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval = 1.17-1.70), but not in women. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that plasma level of homocysteine may be associated with advanced carotid plaque, which constitutes high risks of stroke, in male Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of General Practice, School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Queensland School of Population Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Kailuan Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wannian Liang
- Department of General Practice, School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission of People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
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Naushad SM, Krishnaprasad C, Devi ARR. Adaptive developmental plasticity in methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism limits its frequency in South Indians. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3045-50. [PMID: 24449370 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism shows considerable heterogeneity in its distribution in humans worldwide. The current study was conducted to investigate whether this polymorphism exhibited adaptive developmental plasticity in the control of the TT-genotype frequency. We screened 1,818 South Indian subjects (895 males and 923 females) for MTHFR C677T polymorphism using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism approach. MTHFR 677T-allele frequency in males and females was 9.1 and 11.0%, respectively. Compared to females, males had lower frequency of TT-genotype [odds ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-1.01]. The frequency of MTHFR 677T-allele was highest in the age group of 20-40 years and it gradually decreased from 40-60 to 60-80 years (P trend<0.0001). MTHFR 677TT-genotype was associated with 7.02-folds (95% CI: 2.12-25.63, P<0.0001) cumulative risk for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), neural tube defects (NTDs) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Linear regression model suggested that male gender exhibited increased homocysteine levels by 9.35 μmol/L while each MTHFR 677T-allele contributed to 4.63 μmol/L increase in homocysteine. Plasma homocysteine showed inverse correlation with dietary folate (r=-0.17, P<0.0001), B2 (r=-0.14, P<0.0001) and B6 (r=-0.07, P=0.03). Examination of the spontaneously aborted fetuses (n=35) showed no significant association of fetal genotype on its in utero viability. From the current study, it was concluded that C677T seemed to have acquired adaptive developmental plasticity among South Indians due to environmental influences thus contributing to hyperhomocysteinemia and its associated complications such as RPL, NTDs, DVT, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Mohammad Naushad
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India,
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Amorim De Farias Leal A, Camêlo Palmeira Á, Menezes Almeida De Castro G, Oliveira Da Silva Simões M, Teixeira Ramos A, Medeiros CCM. Homocysteine: cardiovascular risk factor in children and adolescents? Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2013; 59:622-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ramb.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Kamdi SP, Palkar P. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in healthy Indian doctors. Bioinformation 2013; 9:193-6. [PMID: 23519236 PMCID: PMC3602889 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, hyperhomocysteinemia is a well-known risk factor for variety of vascular diseases. Prevalence of
hyperhomocysteinemia increases with age. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of
hyperhomocysteinemia in healthy upper socio-economic class population in India. Total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration was
determined in 1243 (906 men & 337 women) healthy Indian doctors with different age group. Using Third National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) study criteria, the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia was 92.85% among men
(>11.4 µmol/L) and 81.60% among women (>10.4 µmol/L). The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia was higher among men with
mean tHcy concentration (21.96 ± 0.38 µmol/L) significantly higher (P<0.0001) than women (15.90 ± 0.39 µmol/L) (95% CI, 4.733-
7.376). Our study showed very high prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia which may point to the future risk for various
pathologies in the present subset of population. Further studies to look at the plasma levels of homocysteine lowering vitamins are
warranted to prevent the future risk of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh P Kamdi
- Medical Advisor, Akumentis Healthcare Ltd., 204, Second floor, G. Corp Tech Park, Kasarvadavali, Near Hyper City, Ghodbunder Road, Thane (W), 400 615, Maharashtra, India
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Menger Y, Bettscheider M, Murgatroyd C, Spengler D. Sex differences in brain epigenetics. Epigenomics 2012; 2:807-21. [PMID: 22122084 DOI: 10.2217/epi.10.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual differentiation of the brain takes place during a perinatal-sensitive time window as a result of gonadal hormone-induced activational and organizational effects on neuronal substrates. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms can contribute to the establishment and maintenance of some aspects of these processes, and that these epigenetic mechanisms may themselves be under the control of sex hormones. Epigenetic programming of neuroendocrine and behavioral phenotypes frequently occurs sex specifically, pointing to sex differences in brain epigenetics as a possible determinant. Understanding how sex-specific epigenomes and sex-biased responses to environmental cues contribute to the development of brain diseases might provide new insights for epigenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Menger
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
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Corthals AP. Multiple sclerosis is not a disease of the immune system. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2012; 86:287-321. [PMID: 22384749 DOI: 10.1086/662453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a complex neurodegenerative disease, thought to arise through autoimmunity against antigens of the central nervous system. The autoimmunity hypothesis fails to explain why genetic and environmental risk factors linked to the disease in one population tend to be unimportant in other populations. Despite great advances in documenting the cell and molecular mechanisms underlying MS pathophysiology, the autoimmunity framework has also been unable to develop a comprehensive explanation of the etiology of the disease. I propose a new framework for understanding MS as a dysfunction of the metabolism of lipids. Specifically, the homeostasis of lipid metabolism collapses during acute-phase inflammatory response triggered by a pathogen, trauma, or stress, starting a feedback loop of increased oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and proliferation of cytoxic foam cells that cross the blood brain barrier and both catabolize myelin and prevent remyelination. Understanding MS as a chronic metabolic disorder illuminates four aspects of disease onset and progression: 1) its pathophysiology; 2) genetic susceptibility; 3) environmental and pathogen triggers; and 4) the skewed sex ratio of patients. It also suggests new avenues for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique P Corthals
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York New York, New York 10019, USA.
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Xu Y, Huang X, Nie X, Yang L, Yan W, Wang Z, Wang C, Hu Z. Quantification of 1-13C-l-methionine in rat serum with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and its application in pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1025-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Creatine synthesis is required in adult animals to replace creatine that is spontaneously converted to creatinine and excreted in the urine. Additionally, in growing animals it is necessary to provide creatine to the expanding tissue mass. Creatine synthesis requires three amino acids: glycine, methionine and arginine, and three enzymes: L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT), methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT). The entire glycine molecule is consumed in creatine synthesis but only the methyl and amidino groups, respectively, from methionine and arginine. Creatinine loss averages approximately 2 g (14.6 mmol) for 70 kg males in the 20- to 39-year age group. Creatinine loss is lower in females and in older age groups because of lower muscle mass. Approximately half of this creatine lost to creatinine can be replaced, in omnivorous individuals, by dietary creatine. However, since dietary creatine is only provided in animal products, principally in meat and fish, virtually all of the creatine loss in vegetarians must be replaced via endogenous synthesis. Creatine synthesis does not appear to place a major burden on glycine metabolism in adults since this amino acid is readily synthesized. However, creatine synthesis does account for approximately 40% of all of the labile methyl groups provided by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and, as such, places an appreciable burden on the provision of such methyl groups, either from the diet or via de novo methylneogenesis. Creatine synthesis consumes some 20-30% of arginine's amidino groups, whether provided in the diet or synthesized within the body. Creatine synthesis is, therefore, a quantitatively major pathway in amino acid metabolism and imposes an appreciable burden on the metabolism of methionine and of arginine.
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Marino M, Masella R, Bulzomi P, Campesi I, Malorni W, Franconi F. Nutrition and human health from a sex-gender perspective. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:1-70. [PMID: 21356234 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition exerts a life-long impact on human health, and the interaction between nutrition and health has been known for centuries. The recent literature has suggested that nutrition could differently influence the health of male and female individuals. Until the last decade of the 20th century, research on women has been neglected, and the results obtained in men have been directly translated to women in both the medicine and nutrition fields. Consequently, most modern guidelines are based on studies predominantly conducted on men. However, there are many sex-gender differences that are the result of multifactorial inputs, including gene repertoires, sex steroid hormones, and environmental factors (e.g., food components). The effects of these different inputs in male and female physiology will be different in different periods of ontogenetic development as well as during pregnancy and the ovarian cycle in females, which are also age dependent. As a result, different strategies have evolved to maintain male and female body homeostasis, which, in turn, implies that there are important differences in the bioavailability, metabolism, distribution, and elimination of foods and beverages in males and females. This article will review some of these differences underlying the impact of food components on the risk of developing diseases from a sex-gender perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marino
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
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Age and sex differences in plasma homocysteine, choline and betaine status in Seychellois children and young adults. Proc Nutr Soc 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665110002429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Golimbet V, Korovaitseva G, Abramova L, Kaleda V. The 844ins68 polymorphism of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene is associated with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2009; 170:168-71. [PMID: 19906435 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A subtle genetic defect in homocysteine metabolism is thought to play an etiologic role in schizophrenia. Cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) is a key enzyme related to homocysteine levels. The aim of the present study was to search for association between the 844ins68 polymorphism of the CBS gene and schizophrenia in a large Russian sample using case-control and family-based designs. The sample comprised 1135 patients, 626 controls and 172 families. There was a trend for association between the 844ins68 polymorphism and schizophrenia in the case-control study, with higher frequency of the insertion in the control group. The FBAT revealed a statistically significant difference in transmission of alleles from parents to the affected proband, with preferential transmission of the variant without insertion. When the sample of patients was stratified by sex and forms of schizophrenia, the significantly lower frequency of insertion was observed in the group of female patients with chronic schizophrenia (n=180) as compared to psychiatrically well women. The insertion variant has been reported earlier to be related to decreased levels of homocysteine and thus thought to play a protective role. In conclusion, our study revealed a possible relation of the CBS 844ins68 polymorphism to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Golimbet
- Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Venâncio LDS, Burini RC, Yoshida WB. Concentração de homocisteína em pacientes portadores de doença arterial periférica atendidos em um serviço público de saúde. J Vasc Bras 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-54492009000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Contexto: Estudos recentes indicam que a concentração elevada de homocisteína é um fator de risco importante e prevalente para doença vascular aterosclerótica coronariana, cerebral e periférica. Objetivo: Tendo em vista a escassez de informações relacionadas à hiper-homocisteinemia em doença arterial periférica (DAP) no Brasil e as peculiaridades de nossa população, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência de hiper-homocisteinemia em amostra dessa população em um ensaio clínico com indivíduos portadores e não portadores de DAP atendidos em um serviço público brasileiro. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo ensaio clínico caso-controle com 40 indivíduos portadores de DAP confirmada por Doppler ultrassom (grupo DAP) em comparação com 20 indivíduos voluntários sem DAP (grupo-controle). Resultados: A DAP predominante foi a isquemia crônica de membros (75%). As concentrações plasmáticas medianas de homocisteína de jejum foram significantemente maiores no grupo DAP do que no grupo-controle (16,7 versus 12,9 µmol/L, p = 0,001), tanto nos homens (18,9 versus 14,0 µmol/L, p = 0,005) quanto nas mulheres (13,9 versus 11,2 µmol/L, p = 0,025). Quanto à proporção de indivíduos com hiper-homocisteinemia, observou-se tendência a uma maior frequência no grupo DAP (60%) em relação ao grupo-controle (30%) (p = 0,054). Nos indivíduos com idade inferior a 60 anos foram encontrados valores medianos de homocisteína significantemente mais elevados no grupo DAP (p = 0,041). Conclusões: A hiper-homocisteinemia é um fator de risco importante e foi encontrada em 60% dos indivíduos portadores de DAP atendidos em um serviço público no Brasil.
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Genetic and environmental influences on total plasma homocysteine and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk among South Indians. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 405:127-31. [PMID: 19394322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia, a documented risk factor for CAD is highly prevalent in Indians. The rationale behind the current study is to explore the genetic and environmental causes for such high prevalence as there are limited studies in this context. METHODS A total of 108 CAD cases and 108 controls were analyzed for tHcy and 4 folate pathway genetic polymorphisms [methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate homocysteine methyl transferase (MTR) A2756G, methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G and glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) C1561T] using reverse phase HPLC and PCR-RFLP methods respectively. RESULTS MTHFR 677T, MTRR 66A, GCPII 1561T, male gender, alcohol intake, smoking, diabetes, creatinine and hypertension were found to influence tHcy. After controlling for confounding factors, Hyperhomocysteinemia and two of its genetic determinants i.e. MTHFR C677T [OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.06-3.61] and GCP II C1561T [OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.09-3.97] were found to be associated with risk for CAD. Significant epistatic interactions were observed between MTHFR 677T/MTR 2756G and GCP II 1561T/MTRR 66G. Alcohol intake in subjects with MTR 2756G allele was found to inflate the risk for CAD [OR: 4.15, 95% CI: 1.35-12.69]. CONCLUSION Hyperhomocysteinemia, C677T MTHFR and C1561T GCPII are risk factors for CAD. Potential gene--gene and gene--environment interactions indicate the need for multi-variate analyses for risk prediction.
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Govindaiah V, Naushad SM, Prabhakara K, Krishna PC, Radha Rama Devi A. Association of parental hyperhomocysteinemia and C677T Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism with recurrent pregnancy loss. Clin Biochem 2008; 42:380-6. [PMID: 19111530 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of parental hyperhomocysteinemia, C677T Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism and DNA damage with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). DESIGN AND METHODS A case-control study. Reverse phase HPLC, PCR-RFLP and Cytokinesis blocked micronuclei assay were used to assess total plasma homocysteine, C677T MTHFR polymorphism and DNA damage respectively. Student t-test, ANOVA and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Maternal [mean: 11.6+/-5.0 versus 8.6+/-4.2 micromol/L, odds ratio (OR): 4.48] and paternal [mean: 19.6+/-9.5 versus 14.2+/-7.4 micromol/L, OR: 6.92] hyperhomocysteinemia, paternal age [OR: 1.16], paternal MTHFR 677T allele [OR: 2.30] and DNA damage were found to increase the risk for RPL. DNA damage showed positive correlation with plasma homocysteine and MTHFR 677T allele. CONCLUSIONS Parental hyperhomocysteinemia, paternal age, paternal C677T MTHFR polymorphism and DNA damage are risk factors for RPL. DNA damage showed positive correlation with plasma homocysteine and MTHFR 677T allele.
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Atkinson W, Elmslie J, Lever M, Chambers ST, George PM. Dietary and supplementary betaine: acute effects on plasma betaine and homocysteine concentrations under standard and postmethionine load conditions in healthy male subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:577-85. [PMID: 18326594 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.3.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betaine comes from the diet and from choline, and it is associated with vascular disease in some patient groups. Betaine supplementation lowers plasma total homocysteine. OBJECTIVE We compared the acute effects of dietary and supplementary betaine and choline on plasma betaine and homocysteine under standard conditions and after a methionine load. DESIGN In a randomized crossover study, 8 healthy men (19-40 y) consumed a betaine supplement (approximately 500 mg), high-betaine meal (approximately 517 mg), choline supplement (500 mg), high-choline meal (approximately 564 mg), high-betaine and -choline meal (approximately 517 mg betaine, approximately 622 mg choline), or a low-betaine and -choline control meal under standard conditions or postmethionine load. Plasma betaine, dimethylglycine, and homocysteine concentrations were measured hourly for 8 h and at 24 h after treatment. RESULTS Dietary and supplementary betaine raised plasma betaine concentrations relative to control (P < 0.001) under standard conditions. This was not associated with raised plasma dimethylglycine concentration, and no significant betaine appeared in the urine. A small increase in dimethylglycine excretion was observed when either betaine or choline was supplied (P = 0.011 and < 0.001). Small decreases in plasma homocysteine 6 h after ingestion under standard conditions (P < or = 0.05) were detected after a high-betaine meal and after a high-betaine and high-choline meal. Dietary betaine and choline and betaine supplementation attenuated the increase in plasma homocysteine at both 4 and 6 h after a methionine load (P < or = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Dietary betaine and supplementary betaine acutely increase plasma betaine, and they and choline attenuate the postmethionine load rise in homocysteine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Atkinson
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Peyrin-Biroulet L, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Chen M, Bronowicki JP, Bigard MA, Guéant JL. Association of MTRR 66A>G polymorphism with superoxide dismutase and disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:399-406. [PMID: 17925002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of nutritional (folate, vitamin B12) and genetic (MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, TCN) determinants of homocysteine metabolism and of superoxide dismutase with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS One hundred forty patients with CD were compared with 248 matched healthy controls. RESULTS Plasma homocysteine levels were higher in CD patients than controls (11.8 vs 10.4 micromol/L, P= 0.0004). Vitamin B12 and folate levels were lower in CD subjects compared to controls (207 vs 255 pmol/L, P= 0.0082, and 8.6 vs 11 nmol/L, P= 0036, respectively). Patients with a personal history of ileal resection, ileitis, or colectomy had significantly lower vitamin B12 levels. In multivariate analysis, vitamin B12 and MTHFR 677 TT carriers were the two significant independent factors of plasma homocysteine >15 micromol/L in CD patients (P= 0.0187 and 0.0048, respectively). The significant association between homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels remained significant only in patients with the highest superoxide dismutase values (P < 0.0001). The MTRR AA genotype was a significant independent predictor of CD risk (odds ratio 3.7, 95% CI 1.218-11.649, P= 0.0213). The level of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher (P= 0.0143) and was correlated with Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) scores (P for trend = 0.0276) in patients carrying MTRR AA genotype. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin B12 and MTHFR 677 TT genotype are the main determinants of hyperhomocysteinemia in CD patients. The association of MTRR 66A>G polymorphism with oxidant stress and disease activity provides rationale for screening vitamin deficiencies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm, U724, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Elshorbagy AK, Oulhaj A, Konstantinova S, Nurk E, Ueland PM, Tell GS, Nygård O, Vollset SE, Refsum H. Plasma creatinine as a determinant of plasma total homocysteine concentrations in the Hordaland Homocysteine Study: Use of statistical modeling to determine reference limits. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:1209-18. [PMID: 17904540 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We established population-based reference limits for plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) according to creatinine. DESIGN AND METHODS In 7042 middle-aged and elderly subjects from the Hordaland Homocysteine Study, we used statistical modeling to establish nomograms for tHcy according to creatinine in the whole population and in folate-replete and healthy subgroups. RESULTS When plotted against creatinine, tHcy 97.5th percentile almost overlapped in men and women, and, in elderly, increased up to 8 micromol/L from the 2.5th to 97.5th creatinine percentiles. Folate-replete subjects had tHcy upper limits approximately 20% below the whole population at all creatinine levels. Healthy subjects had lower creatinine, but at a given creatinine level, tHcy was the same as in the whole population. CONCLUSIONS tHcy difference between men and women is mostly explained by creatinine. The tHcy-reducing effect of folate is independent of creatinine. In elderly people, creatinine should be taken into account when assessing tHcy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany K Elshorbagy
- Oxford Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, UK.
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