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Nasri K, Ben Jamaa N, Siala Gaigi S, Feki M, Marrakchi R. Docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and neural tube defects in Tunisian population. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2372. [PMID: 38877667 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of maternal status in (plasma and red blood cell) folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and vitamin D, as well as their interaction with MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) and MTRR A66G polymorphisms, on maternal plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels and the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). METHODS ARA, EPA, and DHA composition was assessed using capillary gas chromatography. RESULTS ARA and DHA levels were higher in controls than in case mothers for low plasma folate status. For low red blood cell folate status, DHA levels were higher in controls than in case mothers. For high homocysteine levels, ARA and DHA levels were higher in controls than in case mothers. NTD mothers had lower EPA and DHA levels for low vitamin B12 levels. NTD mothers had lower DHA levels for low vitamin D levels. For low plasma folate status, DHA levels in the MTHFR C677T gene and ARA and EPA levels in MTHFR A1298C gene were different among the three genotypes in case mothers. DHA levels in the MTHFR C677T gene were different among the three genotypes in case mothers for both low and high homocysteine levels. For low vitamin B12 levels, ARA and DHA levels were different among the three genotypes of the MTHFR C677T gene in case mothers. In the MTHFR C677T gene, ARA and DHA levels were different among the three genotypes in case mothers for low vitamin D levels. CONCLUSIONS More advanced research is required to verify a suitable biochemical parameter status in relation to the genotypes in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Nasri
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
- Service of Embryo-Fetopathology, Center for Maternity and Neonatology of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Ben Jamaa
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumeya Siala Gaigi
- Service of Embryo-Fetopathology, Center for Maternity and Neonatology of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raja Marrakchi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Immunology and Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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Liu LC, Liang JY, Liu YH, Liu B, Dong XH, Cai WH, Zhang N. The Intersection of cerebral cholesterol metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30523. [PMID: 38726205 PMCID: PMC11079309 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, the exact pathogenesis of which remains incompletely understood, and effective preventive and therapeutic drugs are currently lacking. Cholesterol plays a vital role in cell membrane formation and neurotransmitter synthesis, and its abnormal metabolism is associated with the onset of AD. With the continuous advancement of imaging techniques and molecular biology methods, researchers can more accurately explore the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and AD. Elevated cholesterol levels may lead to vascular dysfunction, thereby affecting neuronal function. Additionally, abnormal cholesterol metabolism may affect the metabolism of β-amyloid protein, thereby promoting the onset of AD. Brain cholesterol levels are regulated by multiple factors. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the subtle relationship between cholesterol homeostasis and AD, and to introduce the latest advances in cholesterol-regulating AD treatment strategies, thereby inspiring readers to contemplate deeply on this complex relationship. Although there are still many unresolved important issues regarding the risk of brain cholesterol and AD, and some studies may have opposite conclusions, further research is needed to enrich our understanding. However, these findings are expected to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and provide important insights for the future development of AD treatment strategies targeting brain cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-cheng Liu
- Pharmaceutical Branch, Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jun-yi Liang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan-hong Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-hong Dong
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen-hui Cai
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Lapillonne A, Lembo C, Moltu SJ. Evidence on docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid supplementation for preterm infants. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:283-289. [PMID: 38547330 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW For many decades, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation was tested in premature infants to achieve an intake equivalent to the average level in breast milk, but this approach has led to conflicting results in terms of development and health outcomes. Higher doses of DHA closer to fetal accumulation may be needed. RECENT FINDINGS The efficacy of DHA supplementation for preterm infants at a dose equivalent to the estimated fetal accumulation rate is still under investigation, but this may be a promising approach, especially in conjunction with arachidonic acid supplementation. Current data suggest benefit for some outcomes, such as brain maturation, long-term cognitive function, and the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity. The possibility that supplementation with highly unsaturated oils increases the risk of neonatal morbidities should not be ruled out, but current meta-analyzes do not support a significant risk. SUMMARY The published literature supports a DHA intake in preterm infants that is closer to the fetal accumulation rate than the average breast milk content. Supplementation with DHA at this level in combination with arachidonic acid is currently being investigated and appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lapillonne
- Department of Neonatology, APHP, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital
- EHU 7328 PACT, Paris Cite University, Paris, France
- CNRC Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chiara Lembo
- Department of Neonatology, APHP, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital
| | - Sissel J Moltu
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Ansari F, Sohel M, Haidary MMH, Mostaq MS, Akter S, Nahar A, Labony FZ, Ahmed A, Hasan MS, Babu MH, Amin MN. Therapeutic potential of clinically proven natural products in the management of dementia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27233. [PMID: 38533051 PMCID: PMC10963206 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a common neurodegenerative disorder connected to damage to nerve cells in the brain. Although some conventional drugs are available for dementia treatments and are still sanctified for dementia patients, their short- and long-term side effects and other limitations make treating patients more challenging. The authors aimed to explain novel options for treating dementia with natural products and unravel some clinically proven natural products. This article systematically reviewed recent studies that have investigated the role of natural products and their bioactive compounds for dementia. PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases of articles were collected, and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the subject matter.In this review, we provide mechanistic insights of clinically validated natural products, including like- Yokukansan, Souvenaid, BDW, Hupergene, Bacopa monnier, Omega-3, Tramiprostate and Palmitoylethanolamide with which have therapeutic efficacy against dementia in the management of dementia. As shown by studies, certain natural ingredients could be used to treat and prevent dementia. We strongly believe that the medicinal plants and phytoconstituents alone or in combination with other compounds would be effective treatments against dementia with lesser side effects as compared to currently available treatments. Moreover, these products should be studied further in order to develop novel dementia medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Health Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Saqline Mostaq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230. Bangladesh
| | - Asrafun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230. Bangladesh
| | | | - Arman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Shamim Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Hasem Babu
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230. Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230. Bangladesh
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Menzel R, Zhang X, Pietrucik T, Bathelt A, Ruess L. Omega-3 PUFA and the fitness and cognition of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans under different environmental conditions. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110925. [PMID: 38040326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Many invertebrate species possess the metabolic ability to synthesize long-chain ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) de novo. Due to their diverse effects on membrane architecture, neuroplasticity, growth and reproduction, PUFA have a high potential to positively influence the fitness of an organism. But how and when do these supposed advantages actually come into play? Other species, that are often closely related, pass natural selection without this special metabolic ability. The ω3-PUFA rich model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda) and its mutant fat-1(wa9), lacking these PUFA, are a suitable test system. We analyzed potential impairments in reproduction and growth in a soil assay. Further, chemotaxis after aversive olfactory, associative learning and integration of a second sensory signal were assessed on agar plates. Moreover, we analyzed the phospholipid pattern of both C. elegans strains and further free-living nematodes species at different temperatures. While the phenotypic effects were rather small under standard conditions, lowering the temperature to 15 or even 10 °C or reducing the soil moisture, led to significant limitations, with the investigated parameters for neuroplasticity being most impaired. The ω3-PUFA free C. elegans mutant strain fat-1 did not adapt the fatty acid composition of its phospholipids to a decreasing temperature, while ω3-PUFA containing nematodes proportionally increased this PUFA group. In contrats, other ω3-PUFA free nematode species produced significantly more ω6-PUFA. Thus, the ability to synthesize long-chain ω3-PUFA de novo likely is fundamental for an increase in neuroplasticity and an efficient way for regulating membrane fluidity to maintain their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Menzel
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Xuchao Zhang
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Pietrucik
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Bathelt
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liliane Ruess
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Ickowitz A, Lo MGY, Nurhasan M, Maulana AM, Brown BM. Quantifying the contribution of mangroves to local fish consumption in Indonesia: a cross-sectional spatial analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e819-e830. [PMID: 37821161 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indonesia has lost more mangroves than any other country. The importance of mangroves for carbon storage and biodiversity is well recognised, but much less is known about what they contribute to the communities living near them who are called on to protect them. Malnutrition in Indonesia is high, with more than a third of children stunted, partly due to poor diets. Fish are nutrient-rich and are the most widely consumed animal source food in Indonesia, making the relationship between mangroves and fish consumption of great importance. Aquaculture is also tremendously important for fish production in Indonesia and has replaced large areas of mangroves over the last two decades. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional, spatial analysis in this study. We combined data on fish consumption for rural Indonesian coastal households from the Indonesian National Socioeconomic Survey with spatial data on mangrove forest and aquaculture area from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry to create a cross-sectional spatial dataset. Using a mixed-effects regression model, we estimated to what extent living in proximity to different densities of mangroves and aquaculture was associated with fresh fish consumption for rural coastal households. FINDINGS Our sample included 6741 villages with 107 486 households in 2008. The results showed that rural coastal households residing near high-density mangroves consumed 28% (134/477) more fresh fish and other aquatic animals, and those residing near medium-density mangroves consumed 19% (90/477) more fresh fish and other aquatic animals, than coastal households who did not live near mangroves. Coastal households that lived near high-density aquaculture consumed 2% (9/536) more fresh fish, and those that lived near medium-density aquaculture consumed 1% (3/536) less, than other rural coastal households. INTERPRETATION Mangroves contribute substantially to the food security and nutrition of coastal communities in Indonesia. This finding means that the conservation of mangroves is important not only for carbon storage and biodiversity, but also for the communities living near them. Aquaculture does not appear to offer similar food security benefits. FUNDING Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and Environment, United States Agency for International Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ickowitz
- Center for International Forestry Research, World Agroforestry Center, Beit Zayit, Israel.
| | - Michaela Guo Ying Lo
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, UK
| | - Mulia Nurhasan
- Center for International Forestry Research, World Agroforestry, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Agus Muhamad Maulana
- Center for International Forestry Research, World Agroforestry, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
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Lauritzen L, Hegelund ER, Eriksen SE, Niclasen J, Michaelsen KF. Effect of maternal fish oil supplementation during lactation on socioemotional wellbeing and physical activity in 13-year-old children: A randomized clinical trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 197:102588. [PMID: 37689008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Early dietary long-chain n-3PUFA (n-3LCPUFA) may affect brain development. We investigated if fish oil supplementation of lactating mothers affected socioemotional wellbeing in adolescents in a potentially gender-specific manner. At age 13, we invited 92 children of mothers who completed a randomized trial with 1.5 g/d n-3 LCPUFA or olive oil during the first 4 months of lactation and 48 children of mothers with a high habitual fish intake. Children and parents answered validated questionnaires regarding socioemotional wellbeing and physical activity was monitored by ActiGraph for 7 days. Participation rate was 71%. Univariate correlations between children's and parents' ratings on the individual scales were moderate-strong, but correlations across questionnaires indicated that parents might base their ratings on proxy markers. We found no group differences in self-rated socioemotional outcomes or physical activity. Although the study was small, it was the first follow-up on effects of perinatal n-3LCPUFA supply on socioemotional wellbeing in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Lauritzen
- Department Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Sara E Eriksen
- Department Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Something to Snack on: Can Dietary Modulators Boost Mind and Body? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061356. [PMID: 36986089 PMCID: PMC10056809 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decades have shown that maintaining a healthy and balanced diet can support brain integrity and functionality, while an inadequate diet can compromise it. However, still little is known about the effects and utility of so-called healthy snacks or drinks and their immediate short-term effects on cognition and physical performance. Here, we prepared dietary modulators comprising the essential macronutrients at different ratios and a controlled balanced dietary modulator. We assessed, in healthy adult mice, the short-term effects of these modulators when consumed shortly prior to tests with different cognitive and physical demands. A high-fat dietary modulator sustained increased motivation compared to a carbohydrate-rich dietary modulator (p = 0.041) which had a diminishing effect on motivation (p = 0.018). In contrast, a high-carbohydrate modulator had an initial beneficial effect on cognitive flexibility (p = 0.031). No apparent effects of any of the dietary modulators were observed on physical exercise. There is increasing public demand for acute cognitive and motor function enhancers that can improve mental and intellectual performance in daily life, such as in the workplace, studies, or sports activities. Our findings suggest such enhancers should be tailored to the cognitive demand of the task undertaken, as different dietary modulators will have distinct effects when consumed shortly prior to the task.
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Thangaleela S, Sivamaruthi BS, Kesika P, Chaiyasut C. Role of Probiotics and Diet in the Management of Neurological Diseases and Mood States: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2268. [PMID: 36422338 PMCID: PMC9696277 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are common in older people. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), anxiety, depression, stress, and cognitive impairment are prevalent among people irrespective of age. The incidence of neurological disorders has been increasing in recent decades. Communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is intrinsically complicated, and it is necessary for the maintenance of the gut, brain, and immune functions of the host. The bidirectional link among the gut, gut microbiota and the brain is designated as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis." Gut microbiota modulates the host immune system and functions of tissue barriers such as gut mucosa and blood-brain barrier (BBB). Gut microbial dysfunction disturbs the gut-brain interplay and may contribute to various gut disorders, neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders. Probiotics could protect intestinal integrity, enhance gut functions, promote intestinal mucosal and BBB functions, and support the synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, which enhance neuronal survival and differentiation. Probiotics could be considered an adjunct therapy to manage metabolic and psychiatric diseases. Predominantly, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains are documented as potent probiotics, which help to maintain the bidirectional interactions between the gut and brain. The consumption of probiotics and probiotics containing fermented foods could improve the gut microbiota. The diet impacts gut microbiota, and a balanced diet could maintain the integrity of gut-brain communication by facilitating the production of neurotrophic factors and other neuropeptides. However, the beneficial effects of probiotics and diet might depend upon several factors, including strain, dosage, duration, age, host physiology, etc. This review summarizes the importance and involvement of probiotics and diet in neuroprotection and managing representative neurological disorders, injuries and mood states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Thangaleela
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Sivaramakrishnan A, Zuhl M, Mang CS. Editorial: Exercise priming: The use of physical exercise to support motor and cognitive function. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1043611. [PMID: 36300080 PMCID: PMC9589511 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1043611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Micah Zuhl
- School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Micah Zuhl
| | - Cameron S. Mang
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Emran TB. Impact of nutrition in brain function and development: Potential brain foods. Int J Surg 2022; 106:106908. [PMID: 36108908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
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Bednarik RG, Saniotis A, Henneberg M. Auto-domestication hypothesis and the rise in mental disorders in modern humans. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nieto-Ruiz A, García-Santos JA, Verdejo-Román J, Diéguez E, Sepúlveda-Valbuena N, Herrmann F, Cerdó T, De-Castellar R, Jiménez J, Bermúdez MG, Pérez-García M, Miranda MT, López-Sabater MC, Catena A, Campoy C. Infant Formula Supplemented With Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Synbiotics Is Associated With Neurocognitive Function and Brain Structure of Healthy Children Aged 6 Years: The COGNIS Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:820224. [PMID: 35356726 PMCID: PMC8959863 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.820224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate nutrient intake during the first few months of life plays a critical role on brain structure and function development. Objectives To analyze the long-term effects of an experimental infant formula (EF) on neurocognitive function and brain structure in healthy children aged 6 years compared to those fed with a standard infant formula or breastfed. Methods The current study involved 108 healthy children aged 6 years and participating in the COGNIS Study. At 0-2 months, infants were randomized to receive up to 18 months of life a standard infant formula (SF) or EF enriched with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and synbiotics. Furthermore, a reference group of breastfed (BF) infants were also recruited. Children were assessed using neurocognitive tests and structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 6 years old. Results Experimental infant formula (EF) children showed greater volumes in the left orbital cortex, higher vocabulary scores and IQ, and better performance in an attention task than BF children. EF children also presented greater volumes in parietal regions than SF kids. Additionally, greater cortical thickness in the insular, parietal, and temporal areas were found in children from the EF group than those fed with SF or BF groups. Further correlation analyses suggest that higher volumes and cortical thickness of different parietal and frontal regions are associated with better cognitive development in terms of language (verbal comprehension) and executive function (working memory). Finally, arachidonic acid (ARA), adrenic acid (AdA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in cheek cell glycerophospholipids, ARA/DHA ratio, and protein, fatty acid, and mineral intake during the first 18 months of life seem to be associated with changes in the brain structures at 6 years old. Conclusions Supplemented infant formula with MFGM components, LC-PUFAs, and synbiotics seems to be associated to long-term effects on neurocognitive development and brain structure in children at 6 years old. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT02094547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nieto-Ruiz
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José A. García-Santos
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Department of Personality, Assessment & Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Estefanía Diéguez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Sepúlveda-Valbuena
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Florian Herrmann
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás Cerdó
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mercedes G. Bermúdez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Pérez-García
- Department of Personality, Assessment & Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre—CIMCYC, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Miranda
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària de la UB (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- National Network of Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (Barcelona's Node), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Catena
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre—CIMCYC, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- National Network of Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III (Granada's Node), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Mabaya L, Matarira HT, Tanyanyiwa DM, Musarurwa C, Mukwembi J, Mudluli TE, Marera T. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition in Breast Milk Plasma of HIV-infected and Uninfected Mothers in Relation to Infant Clinical Outcomes. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388211072768. [PMID: 35153488 PMCID: PMC8829717 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211072768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The increased coverage of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services has significantly reduced paediatric HIV infection incidence. The aim of the study was to compare breast milk omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles of HIV infected and uninfected mothers and determine the association between fatty acid profiles and postnatal transmission of HIV, morbidity/mortality of HIV exposed and unexposed infants. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 57 HIV infected and 57 HIV uninfected lactating mothers was conducted in Gweru, Zimbabwe from July 2019 to March 2020. The women’s 114 babies (term and preterm) were also enrolled and stratified by HIV exposure and infection status. The mother-infant pairs were followed up at 6 weeks, 16 weeks and 6 months postpartum to determine, HIV transmission rate, breast milk polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles as well as infant clinical outcomes. Results: The mean breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels in HIV uninfected mothers (0.82 ± 0.92; 0.47 ± 0.75 μg/ml respectively) at 6 weeks postpartum were significantly higher compared to those of HIV infected mothers (0.33 ± 0.32; 0.08 ± 0.14 μg/ml) respectively. The same pattern was observed at 16 weeks postpartum in terms of DHA and EPA mean concentration. However, the arachidonic acid (AA) levels and AA/DHA ratio measured at 6 weeks postpartum were significantly higher in HIV infected mothers (2.31 ± 2.01; 17.18 ± 52.47 respectively) compared to HIV uninfected mothers (0.82 ± 0.54; 9.71 ± 21.80; P < .001). A higher morbidity rate was observed amongst HIV exposed infants than HIV unexposed infants (3.26 ± 0.13; 2.49 ± 0.09; P < .001) respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between AA and infant morbidity (r = .388; P < .001). Conclusion: Deficiencies in breast milk omega-3 fatty acids were observed in HIV infected women. Maintaining a healthy balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid diets is critical for breast feeding mothers regardless of their HIV status. The adverse clinical outcomes observed amongst HIV exposed infants emphasise their vulnerability under conditions of maternal universal antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Mabaya
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Hilda Tendisa Matarira
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Donald Moshen Tanyanyiwa
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand/ National Health Laboratory Services, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cuthbert Musarurwa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Johannes Mukwembi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Taona Emmah Mudluli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Tatenda Marera
- Scientific and Industrial Research and Development Centre, Hatcliffe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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15
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Preparation of Human Milk Fat Substitutes: A Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020187. [PMID: 35207476 PMCID: PMC8874823 DOI: 10.3390/life12020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is generally regarded as the best choice for infant feeding. Human milk fat (HMF) is one of the most complex natural lipids, with a unique fatty acid composition and distribution and complex lipid composition. Lipid intake in infants not only affects their energy intake but also affects their metabolic mode and overall development. Infant formula is the best substitute for human milk when breastfeeding is not possible. As the main energy source in infant formula, human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) should have a composition similar to that of HMF in order to meet the nutritional needs of infant growth and development. At present, HMFS preparation mainly focuses on the simulation of fatty acid composition, the application of structured lipids and the addition of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplements. This paper first reviews the composition and structure of HMF, and then the preparation development of structured lipids and MFGM supplements are summarized. Additionally, the evaluation and regulation of HMFSs in infant formula are also presented.
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16
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Banerjee PN, McFadden KE, Shannon JD, Davidson LL. Does breastfeeding account for the association between maternal sensitivity and infant cognitive development in a large, nationally representative cohort? BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:61. [PMID: 35081932 PMCID: PMC8790903 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has established that exposure to high maternal sensitivity is positively associated with advances in infant cognitive development. However, there are many fixed and modifiable factors that influence this association. This study investigates whether the association between maternal sensitivity and infant cognitive development in the first year of life is accounted for by other factors, such as breastfeeding, maternal depressive symptoms, maternal alcohol use, infant birth weight or demographic covariates. Methods Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth (ECLS-B) Cohort, a nationally representative sample of U.S. born children, multi-variable regression analyses was used to examine whether breastfeeding, maternal depressive symptoms and alcohol use were associated with maternal sensitivity, as measured by the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS), and with infant cognitive development, as measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Short Form, Research Edition, after controlling for demographic covariates (infant sex, maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, income, parity, family structure) and infant birth weight. Results Breastfeeding, depressive symptoms and alcohol use were not associated with maternal sensitivity scores after controlling for demographic covariates and infant birth weight. However, breastfeeding (β = .079, p < .001), depressive symptoms (β = −.035, p < .05), and maternal sensitivity (β = .175, p < .001) were each significantly associated with infant cognitive development scores, even after controlling for demographic covariates and birthweight (R2 = .053, p < .001). The association between maternal sensitivity and infant cognitive development did not attenuate after adjusting for breastfeeding. Instead, both sensitivity and breastfeeding independently contributed to higher infant cognitive development scores. Conclusion Maternal sensitivity and breastfeeding are separate means to advancing infant cognitive development. This study is significant because it is the first to examine breastfeeding, maternal depressive symptoms and alcohol use together, upon the association between maternal sensitivity and infant cognitive development, after adjusting for demographic covariates and infant birthweight. Maternal sensitivity, a measurable quality, advances infants’ cognitive development. Moreover, sensitivity and breastfeeding had independent effects upon cognitive development after controlling for multiple fixed and modifiable covariates. Understanding factors impacting the association between sensitivity and infant cognitive development provide avenues for developing more effective parenting interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03133-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nina Banerjee
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA.
| | - Karen E McFadden
- Department of Early Childhood Education and Art Education, Brooklyn College, CUNY, New York, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Shannon
- Department of Early Childhood Education and Art Education, Brooklyn College, CUNY, New York, USA
| | - Leslie L Davidson
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
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17
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Hatton SL, Pandey MK. Fat and Protein Combat Triggers Immunological Weapons of Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems to Launch Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1089. [PMID: 35163013 PMCID: PMC8835271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, affecting up to 10 million people. This disease mainly happens due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons accountable for memory and motor function. Partial glucocerebrosidase enzyme deficiency and the resultant excess accumulation of glycosphingolipids and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation have been linked to predominant risk factors that lead to neurodegeneration and memory and motor defects in PD, with known and unknown causes. An increasing body of evidence uncovers the role of several other lipids and their association with α-syn aggregation, which activates the innate and adaptive immune system and sparks brain inflammation in PD. Here, we review the emerging role of a number of lipids, i.e., triglyceride (TG), diglycerides (DG), glycerophosphoethanolamines (GPE), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), sphingolipids, gangliosides, glycerophospholipids (GPL), and cholesterols, and their connection with α-syn aggregation as well as the induction of innate and adaptive immune reactions that trigger neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Loraine Hatton
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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18
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The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on weight loss and cognitive function in overweight or obese individuals on weight-loss diet. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:803-813. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.03992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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19
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Higher-Dose DHA Supplementation Modulates Immune Responses in Pregnancy and Is Associated with Decreased Preterm Birth. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124248. [PMID: 34959801 PMCID: PMC8703393 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and parturition involve extensive changes in the maternal immune system. In our randomized, multi-site, double-blind superiority trial using a Bayesian adaptive design, we demonstrated that 1000 mg/day of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was superior to 200 mg/day in preventing both early preterm birth (less than 34 weeks' gestation) and preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation). The goal of this secondary study is to compare the effects of 1000 mg/day versus 200 mg/day on maternal inflammation, a possible mechanism by which DHA may prevent preterm birth. Maternal blood samples were collected at enrollment (12-20 weeks' gestation) and at delivery. Red blood cell DHA levels were measured by gas chromatography, and plasma concentrations of sRAGE, IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, and INFγ were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed for associations with the DHA dose, gestational age at birth, and preterm birth (<37 weeks). Higher baseline and lower delivery levels of maternal sRAGE were associated with a greater probability of longer gestation and delivery at term gestation. Higher-dose DHA supplementation increased the probability of a smaller decrease in delivery sRAGE levels. Higher IL-6 concentrations at delivery were associated with the probability of delivering after 37 weeks, and higher-dose DHA supplementation increased the probability of greater increases in IL-6 concentrations between enrollment and delivery. These data provide a proposed mechanistic explanation of how a higher dose of DHA during pregnancy provides immunomodulatory regulation in the initiation of parturition by influencing sRAGE and IL-6 levels, which may explain its ability to reduce the risk of preterm birth.
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20
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Gradually Increasing Vitamin E Dose Allows Increasing Dietary Polyunsaturation Level While Maintaining the Oxidation Status of Lipids and Proteins in Chicken Breast Muscle. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Feeding broilers diets high in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) increases their incorporation into the meat but it may compromise meat quality due to oxidation of lipids and protein. Increased dietary vitamin E (vE) level downregulates this process, but its excessive level might exceed the physiological requirements for the maintenance of redox balance. This study investigated the sensory characteristics and oxidative status of meat from chickens fed diets supplemented with fish oil (FO) with or without gradually increasing doses of vE. The meat samples were obtained from a total of 27 female broilers of Ross 308 strain (9 birds per each of 3 dietary treatments), which were housed according to the standard management practice for commercial chicken houses over a period of 36 days. Chickens were fed diets containing 80 g/kg of supplemental fat, but the diets differed in fat composition; control diet (80 g/kg diet beef tallow as supplemental fat and a basal vE dose); 40 IU of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate; diet containing mixture of FO and beef tallow as supplemental fat (50:30 w/w g/kg diet) and a basal vE dose (E1), or diet (E2) as diet E1 but with gradually increasing vE dose (120/240 IU/kg diet fed between days 8–21 and days 22–36, respectively). The highest sensory quality and the lowest oxidative status of meat was found in the control chickens. FO decreased the sensory quality of the meat and increased lipid oxidation as well it had an impact on the lipid profile in muscle tissue (PUFA, n-3 ALA, EPA, DHA). Administration of a graded vE dose increased the sensory quality of the meat and did not limit lipid oxidation but maintained protein oxidation balance.
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21
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Bragg MG, Prado EL, Stewart CP. Choline and docosahexaenoic acid during the first 1000 days and children's health and development in low- and middle-income countries. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:656-676. [PMID: 34338760 PMCID: PMC8907485 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline and DHA are nutrients that, when provided during the first 1000 days from conception to age 2 years, may have beneficial effects on child neurodevelopment as well as related health factors, including birth outcomes and child growth, morbidity, and inflammation. Because these nutrients are found mainly in animal-source foods, they may be lacking in the diets of pregnant and lactating women and young children in low- and middle-income countries, potentially putting children at risk for suboptimal development and health. Prior reviews of these nutrients have mainly focused on studies from high-income countries. Here, a narrative review is presented of studies describing the pre- and postnatal roles of choline, docosahexaenoic acid, and a combination of the 2 nutrients on child neurodevelopment, birth outcomes, growth, morbidity, and inflammation in low- and middle-income countries. More studies are needed to understand the specific, long-term effects of perinatal choline and docosahexaenoic acid intake in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G Bragg
- M.G. Bragg, E.L. Prado, and C.P. Stewart are with the Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Prado
- M.G. Bragg, E.L. Prado, and C.P. Stewart are with the Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Christine P Stewart
- M.G. Bragg, E.L. Prado, and C.P. Stewart are with the Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
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22
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Impact of Amerind ancestry and FADS genetic variation on omega-3 deficiency and cardiometabolic traits in Hispanic populations. Commun Biol 2021; 4:918. [PMID: 34321601 PMCID: PMC8319323 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have critical signaling roles that regulate dyslipidemia and inflammation. Genetic variation in the FADS gene cluster accounts for a large portion of interindividual differences in circulating and tissue levels of LC-PUFAs, with the genotypes most strongly predictive of low LC-PUFA levels at strikingly higher frequencies in Amerind ancestry populations. In this study, we examined relationships between genetic ancestry and FADS variation in 1102 Hispanic American participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We demonstrate strong negative associations between Amerind genetic ancestry and LC-PUFA levels. The FADS rs174537 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) accounted for much of the AI ancestry effect on LC-PUFAs, especially for low levels of n-3 LC-PUFAs. Rs174537 was also strongly associated with several metabolic, inflammatory and anthropomorphic traits including circulating triglycerides (TGs) and E-selectin in MESA Hispanics. Our study demonstrates that Amerind ancestry provides a useful and readily available tool to identify individuals most likely to have FADS-related n-3 LC-PUFA deficiencies and associated cardiovascular risk.
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23
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Sharma S. High fat diet and its effects on cognitive health: alterations of neuronal and vascular components of brain. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113528. [PMID: 34260890 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that intake of diets rich in saturated fats could result in development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have suggested that intake of high fat diet (HFD) is also associated with cognitive dysfunction. Various preclinical studies have demonstrated the impact of short and long term HFD feeding on the biochemical and behavioural alterations. This review summarizes studies and the protocols used to assess the impacts of HFD feeding on cognitive performance in rodents. Further, it discuss the key mechanisms that are altered by HFD feeding, such as, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, transcriptional dysregulation and loss of synaptic plasticity. Along with these, HFD feeding also alters the vascular components of brain such as loss of BBB integrity and reduced cerebral blood flow. It is highly possible that these factors are responsible for the development of cognitive deficits as a result of HFD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorabh Sharma
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W2Y2, Canada.
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24
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Twining CW, Bernhardt JR, Derry AM, Hudson CM, Ishikawa A, Kabeya N, Kainz MJ, Kitano J, Kowarik C, Ladd SN, Leal MC, Scharnweber K, Shipley JR, Matthews B. The evolutionary ecology of fatty-acid variation: Implications for consumer adaptation and diversification. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1709-1731. [PMID: 34114320 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional diversity of resources can affect the adaptive evolution of consumer metabolism and consumer diversification. The omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) have a high potential to affect consumer fitness, through their widespread effects on reproduction, growth and survival. However, few studies consider the evolution of fatty acid metabolism within an ecological context. In this review, we first document the extensive diversity in both primary producer and consumer fatty acid distributions amongst major ecosystems, between habitats and amongst species within habitats. We highlight some of the key nutritional contrasts that can shape behavioural and/or metabolic adaptation in consumers, discussing how consumers can evolve in response to the spatial, seasonal and community-level variation of resource quality. We propose a hierarchical trait-based approach for studying the evolution of consumers' metabolic networks and review the evolutionary genetic mechanisms underpinning consumer adaptation to EPA and DHA distributions. In doing so, we consider how the metabolic traits of consumers are hierarchically structured, from cell membrane function to maternal investment, and have strongly environment-dependent expression. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on how studying the metabolic adaptation of consumers within the context of nutritional landscapes can open up new opportunities for understanding evolutionary diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia W Twining
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany.,Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Konstanz-Egg, Germany
| | - Joey R Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alison M Derry
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cameron M Hudson
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Asano Ishikawa
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz-Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystems Research, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Carmen Kowarik
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Nemiah Ladd
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miguel C Leal
- ECOMARE and CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kristin Scharnweber
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jeremy R Shipley
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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25
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Martinat M, Rossitto M, Di Miceli M, Layé S. Perinatal Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Development, Role in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:1185. [PMID: 33918517 PMCID: PMC8065891 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids that are provided by dietary intake. Growing evidence suggests that n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are paramount for brain functions. They constitute crucial elements of cellular membranes, especially in the brain. They are the precursors of several metabolites with different effects on inflammation and neuron outgrowth. Overall, long-chain PUFAs accumulate in the offspring brain during the embryonic and post-natal periods. In this review, we discuss how they accumulate in the developing brain, considering the maternal dietary supply, the polymorphisms of genes involved in their metabolism, and the differences linked to gender. We also report the mechanisms linking their bioavailability in the developing brain, their transfer from the mother to the embryo through the placenta, and their role in brain development. In addition, data on the potential role of altered bioavailability of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in the etiologies of neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, are reviewed.
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26
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Carbone BE, Abouleish M, Watters KE, Vogel S, Ribic A, Schroeder OHU, Bader BM, Biederer T. Synaptic Connectivity and Cortical Maturation Are Promoted by the ω-3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:226-240. [PMID: 31034037 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development is likely impacted by micronutrients. This is supported by the effects of the ω-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during early neuronal differentiation, when it increases neurite growth. Aiming to delineate DHA roles in postnatal stages, we selected the visual cortex due to its stereotypic maturation. Immunohistochemistry showed that young mice that received dietary DHA from birth exhibited more abundant presynaptic and postsynaptic specializations. DHA also increased density and size of synapses in a dose-dependent manner in cultured neurons. In addition, dendritic arbors of neurons treated with DHA were more complex. In agreement with improved connectivity, DHA enhanced physiological parameters of network maturation in vitro, including bursting strength and oscillatory behavior. Aiming to analyze functional maturation of the cortex, we performed in vivo electrophysiological recordings from awake mice to measure responses to patterned visual inputs. Dietary DHA robustly promoted the developmental increase in visual acuity, without altering light sensitivity. The visual acuity of DHA-supplemented animals continued to improve even after their cortex had matured and DHA abolished the acuity plateau. Our findings show that the ω-3 fatty acid DHA promotes synaptic connectivity and cortical processing. These results provide evidence that micronutrients can support the maturation of neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice E Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malik Abouleish
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine E Watters
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth Vogel
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adema Ribic
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Biederer
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Aminianfar A, Siassi F, Qorbani M, Karimi J, Sotoudeh G, Kalikias Y, Soltani S. Relationship between dietary diversity score and general health in female students. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2021; 73:50-58. [PMID: 33759480 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.16.04419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period with respect to mental and psychological issues. The role of nutrients is well known in health condition in adolescents, but little emphasis is placed on total diet quality. Dietary diversity score (DDS) is often used to assess diet quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between DDS and general health in girl students. METHODS The present research is a cross-sectional study which used descriptive-analytical approach. A total of 384 high-school female students selected using proportional stratified sampling. Physical activity level, diet and general health information collected using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Dietary Diversity Questionnaire (FAO-2013) and 28-item self-reported general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), respectively. In addition, weight, height and waist circumference (WC) measured. Data analyzed using Chi-Square test, one-way ANOVA and Multinomial Logistic Regression. RESULTS Mean DDS was 4.43±1.09. After adjustment for confounders of age, body mass index, physical activity, socioeconomic status and nutritional supplement intake, students with higher DDS were less prone to general health disorders (P≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS These finding implicate higher DDS in adolescents may associate with better general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Aminianfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical University of Alborz, Karaj, Iran
| | - Javad Karimi
- Department of Psychology, School of Literature and Humanities, University of Malayer, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran -
| | - Yas Kalikias
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Soltani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Status during Pregnancy and Its Impact on Infant Neurodevelopment. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123615. [PMID: 33255561 PMCID: PMC7759779 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary components are essential for the structural and functional development of the brain. Among these, docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3 (DHA), is critically necessary for the structure and development of the growing fetal brain in utero. DHA is the major n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain gray matter representing about 15% of all fatty acids in the human frontal cortex. DHA affects neurogenesis, neurotransmitter, synaptic plasticity and transmission, and signal transduction in the brain. Data from human and animal studies suggest that adequate levels of DHA in neural membranes are required for maturation of cortical astrocyte, neurovascular coupling, and glucose uptake and metabolism. Besides, some metabolites of DHA protect from oxidative tissue injury and stress in the brain. A low DHA level in the brain results in behavioral changes and is associated with learning difficulties and dementia. In humans, the third trimester-placental supply of maternal DHA to the growing fetus is critically important as the growing brain obligatory requires DHA during this window period. Besides, DHA is also involved in the early placentation process, essential for placental development. This underscores the importance of maternal intake of DHA for the structural and functional development of the brain. This review describes DHA’s multiple roles during gestation, lactation, and the consequences of its lower intake during pregnancy and postnatally on the 2019 brain development and function.
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Ibuki M, Lee D, Shinojima A, Miwa Y, Tsubota K, Kurihara T. Rice Bran and Vitamin B6 Suppress Pathological Neovascularization in a Murine Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration as Novel HIF Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238940. [PMID: 33255657 PMCID: PMC7728083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological neovascularization in the eye is a leading cause of blindness in all age groups from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in children to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the elderly. Inhibiting neovascularization via antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs has been used for the effective treatment. However, anti-VEGF therapies may cause development of chorioretinal atrophy as they affect a physiological amount of VEGF essential for retinal homeostasis. Furthermore, anti-VEGF therapies are still ineffective in some cases, especially in patients with AMD. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a strong regulator of VEGF induction under hypoxic and other stress conditions. Our previous reports have indicated that HIF is associated with pathological retinal neovascularization in murine models of ROP and AMD, and HIF inhibition suppresses neovascularization by reducing an abnormal increase in VEGF expression. Along with this, we attempted to find novel effective HIF inhibitors from natural foods of our daily lives. Food ingredients were screened for prospective HIF inhibitors in ocular cell lines of 661W and ARPE-19, and a murine AMD model was utilized for examining suppressive effects of the ingredients on retinal neovascularization. As a result, rice bran and its component, vitamin B6 showed inhibitory effects on HIF activation and suppressed VEGF mRNA induction under a CoCl2-induced pseudo-hypoxic condition. Dietary supplement of these significantly suppressed retinal neovascularization in the AMD model. These data suggest that rice bran could have promising therapeutic values in the management of pathological ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ibuki
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.I.); (D.L.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Deokho Lee
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.I.); (D.L.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ari Shinojima
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.I.); (D.L.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Miwa
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.I.); (D.L.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Animal Eye Care•Tokyo Animal Eye Clinic, Tokyo 158-0093, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (T.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5636-3269 (K.T.); +81-3-5636-3204 (T.K.)
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.I.); (D.L.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (T.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5636-3269 (K.T.); +81-3-5636-3204 (T.K.)
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Lopez C, Adelfio A, Wall AM, Molloy B, Holton TA, Khaldi N. Human milk and infant formulae: Peptide differences and the opportunity to address the functional gap. Curr Res Food Sci 2020; 3:217-226. [PMID: 33426531 PMCID: PMC7782925 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine-derived formula milk (FM) is a common substitute to human milk (HM), but lacks key functional benefits associated with HM. Accordingly, there have been significant efforts to humanise FM. Recent research has demonstrated that HM-derived peptides convey an array of beneficial bioactivities. Given that peptides serve as important signalling molecules offering high specificity and potency, they represent a prime opportunity to humanise FM. To further understand how HM-derived peptides contribute to infant health, we used peptidomics and bioinformatics to compare the peptide profile of HM to commercially available FM. We found clear and substantial differences between HM and FM in terms of peptide physicochemical properties, protein coverage and abundance. We additionally identified 618 peptides specific to HM that represent an important untapped source to be explored for novel bioactivities. While further study is required, our findings highlight the potential of a peptide-based approach to address the functional gap in FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Lopez
- Nuritas Ltd, Joshua Dawson House, Dublin 2, D02 RY95, Ireland
| | | | - Audrey M. Wall
- Nuritas Ltd, Joshua Dawson House, Dublin 2, D02 RY95, Ireland
| | - Brendan Molloy
- Nuritas Ltd, Joshua Dawson House, Dublin 2, D02 RY95, Ireland
| | | | - Nora Khaldi
- Nuritas Ltd, Joshua Dawson House, Dublin 2, D02 RY95, Ireland
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van der Wurff IS, Meyer BJ, de Groot RH. Effect of Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 LCPUFA) Supplementation on Cognition in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review with a Focus on n-3 LCPUFA Blood Values and Dose of DHA and EPA. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3115. [PMID: 33053843 PMCID: PMC7599612 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation in the cardiovascular field is effective if a certain Omega-3 index (O3I) is achieved or the daily n-3 LCPUFA dose is high enough. Whether this applies to studies on cognition in children and adolescents is unclear. The aims of the current review were to investigate whether: (1) a certain O3I level and (2) a minimum daily n-3 LCPUFA dose are required to improve cognition in 4-25 year olds. Web of Science and PubMed were searched. Inclusion criteria: placebo controlled randomized controlled trial; participants 4-25 years; supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and/or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); assessing cognition; in English and ≥10 participants per treatment arm. Thirty-three studies were included, 21 in typically developing participants, 12 in those with a disorder. A positive effect on cognitive measures was more likely in studies with an increase in O3I to >6%. Half of the studies in typically developing children with daily supplementation dose ≥450 mg DHA + EPA showed improved cognition. For children with a disorder no cut-off value was found. In conclusion, daily supplementation of ≥450 mg DHA + EPA per day and an increase in the O3I to >6% makes it more likely to show efficacy on cognition in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge S.M. van der Wurff
- Conditions for Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 Heerlen, The Netherlands;
| | - Barbara J. Meyer
- School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Renate H.M. de Groot
- Conditions for Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 Heerlen, The Netherlands;
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Breastfeeding improves dynamic reorganization of functional connectivity in preterm infants: a temporal brain network study. Med Biol Eng Comput 2020; 58:2805-2819. [PMID: 32945999 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-020-02244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidences have shown the benefits of breastfeeding to infants in terms of better nutrition and neurodevelopmental outcome. However, the relationship between brain development and feeding in preterm infants, who are physiologically and developmentally immature at birth, is only beginning to be quantitatively assessed, coinciding with the recent advent of neuroimaging techniques. In the current work, we studied a sample of 50 preterm infants-born between 29 and 33 weeks (32.20 ± 0.89 weeks) of gestational age, where 30 of them were breastfed and the remaining 20 were formula-fed. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was recorded around term-equivalent age (40.00 ± 1.31 weeks, range 39-44 weeks) using a 1.5-T scanner under sedation condition. Temporal brain networks were estimated by the correlation of sliding time-window time courses among regions of a predefined atlas. Through our newly introduced temporal efficiency approach, we examined, for the first time, the 3D spatiotemporal architecture of the temporal brain network. We found prominent temporal small-world properties in both groups, suggesting the arrangement of dynamic functional connectivity permits effective coordination of various brain regions for efficient information transfer over time at both local and global levels. More importantly, we showed that breastfed preterm infants exhibited greater temporal global efficiency in comparison with formula-fed preterm infants. Specifically, we found localized elevation of temporal nodal properties in the right temporal gyrus and bilateral caudate. Taken together, these findings provide new evidence to support the notion that breast milk promotes early brain development and cognitive function, which may have neurobiological and public health implications for parents and pediatricians.Breastfeeding has long been recognized to have beneficial effect on early neurodevelopment in infants. However, the influence of breastfeeding on reorganization of functional connectivity in preterm infants are largely unknown. To this end, we utilized our recently developed temporal brain network analysis framework to investigate the dynamic reorganization of brain functional connectivity in preterm infants fed with breast milk. We found that beyond an optimal temporal small-world topology, breastfed preterm infants exhibited improved network efficiency at both global and regional levels in comparisons with those of formula-fed infants. Graphical abstract: Breastfeeding has long been recognized to have beneficial effect on early neurodevelopment in infants. However, the influence of breastfeeding on reorganization of brain functional connectivity in preterm infants are largely unknown. To this end, we utilized our recently developed temporal brain network analysis framework to investigate the dynamic reorganization of functional connectivity in preterm infants fed with breast milk. We found that beyond an optimal temporal small-world topology, breastfed preterm infants exhibited improved network efficiency at both global and regional levels in comparisons with those of formula-fed infants.
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Hammouda S, Ghzaiel I, Khamlaoui W, Hammami S, Mhenni SY, Samet S, Hammami M, Zarrouk A. Genetic variants in FADS1 and ELOVL2 increase level of arachidonic acid and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in the Tunisian population. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 160:102159. [PMID: 32682282 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are closely related to various physiological conditions. In several age-related diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) altered PUFAs metabolism has been reported. However, the mechanism behind PUFAs impairment and AD developpement remains unclear. In humans, PUFAs biosynthesis requires delta-5 desaturase (D5D), delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and elongase 2 activities; which are encoded by fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), and elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids-like 2 (ELOVL2) genes, respectively. In the present work, we aim to assess whether genetic variants in FADS1, FADS2 and ELOVL2 genes influence plasma and erythrocyte PUFA composition and AD risk. A case-control study was carried out in 113 AD patients and 161 healthy controls.Rs174556, rs174617, and rs3756963 of FADS1, FADS2, and ELOVL2 genes, respectively were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. PUFA levels were quantified using Gas Chromatography. Genotype distributions of rs174556 (FADS1) and rs3756963 (ELOVL2) were different between case and control groups. The genotype TT of rs174556 and rs3756963 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) increases significantly the risk of AD in our population. PUFA analysis showed higher plasma and erythrocyte arachidonic acid (AA) level in patients with AD, whereas only plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was significantly decreased in AD patients. The indexes AA/Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and C24:4n-6/Adrenic acid (AdA) were both higher in the AD group. Interestingly, patients with TT genotype of rs174556 presented higher AA level and AA/DGLA index in both plasma and erythrocyte. In addition, higher AA and AA/DGLA index were observed in erythrocyte of TT genotype ofrs3756963 carrier's patients. Along with, positive correlation between AA/DGLA index, age or Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)/ Linoleic acid (LA) index was seen in erythrocyte and /or plasma of AD patients. After adjustment for confounding factors, the genotype TT of rs174556, erythrocyte AA and AA/DGLA index were found to be predictive risk factors for AD while plasma DHA was found associated with lower AD risk. Both rs174556 and rs3756963 influence AD risk in the Tunisian population and they are likely associated with high AA level. The combination of the two variants increases further the susceptibility to AD. We suggest that FADS1 and ELOVL2 variants could likely regulate the efficiency of AA biosynthesis which could be at the origin of inflammatory derivate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souha Hammouda
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Health' Faculty of Medicine Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Health' Faculty of Medicine Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wided Khamlaoui
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Health' Faculty of Medicine Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Hammami
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Health' Faculty of Medicine Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Internal Medicine Bourguiba Monastir, Geriatric unit, Monastir Tunisia
| | | | - Slim Samet
- Department of neurology, Regional hospital of Kairouan. Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Health' Faculty of Medicine Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Health' Faculty of Medicine Monastir, Tunisia; Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Sousse. Tunisia.
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Massari M, Novielli C, Mandò C, Di Francesco S, Della Porta M, Cazzola R, Panteghini M, Savasi V, Maggini S, Schaefer E, Cetin I. Multiple Micronutrients and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2432. [PMID: 32823606 PMCID: PMC7468952 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy needs to meet increased nutritional demands to maintain metabolism and to support fetal development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for fetal neuro-/visual development and in immunomodulation, accumulating rapidly within the developing brain and central nervous system. Levels available to the fetus are governed by the maternal diet. In this multicenter, parallel, randomized controlled trial, we evaluated once-daily supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA (i.e., multiple micronutrient supplementation, MMS) on maternal biomarkers and infant anthropometric parameters during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy compared with no supplementation. Primary efficacy endpoint: change in maternal red blood cell (RBC) DHA (wt% total fatty acids) during the study. Secondary variables: other biomarkers of fatty acid and oxidative status, vitamin D, and infant anthropometric parameters at delivery. Supplementation significantly increased RBC DHA levels, the omega-3 index, and vitamin D levels. Subscapular skinfold thickness was significantly greater with MMS in infants. Safety outcomes were comparable between groups. This first randomized controlled trial of supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA in pregnant women indicated that MMS significantly improved maternal DHA and vitamin D status in an industrialized setting-an important finding considering the essential roles of DHA and vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Massari
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.F.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Novielli
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Mandò
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefania Di Francesco
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.F.); (I.C.)
| | - Matteo Della Porta
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Roberta Cazzola
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Mauro Panteghini
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Valeria Savasi
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | | | | | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.F.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
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Zhu W, Zhao L, Li T, Xu H, Ding Y, Cui G. Docosahexaenoic acid ameliorates traumatic brain injury involving JNK-mediated Tau phosphorylation signaling. Neurosci Res 2020; 157:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Assessment of Factors Contributing to the Enhancement of Memory and Cognitive Abilities in the Context of Neurosciences. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32468457 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32633-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a brief on the evaluation of factors which contribute to cognitive ability enhancement under the spectrum of neuroscience, through the bibliographical research of scientific literature. The human brain has many possibilities, but it remains a largely uncharted area, which we just begin to understand in detail. One of its potentials, as concluded by the research, is its ability to adapt and improve its functioning by itself. Based on this physiological function, we can improve our ability to learn and remember, but we currently have limited resources to do so. After studying and evaluating relevant studies, it seems that the combination of physical exercise and nutrition has a more positive effect on molecular systems associated with synaptic plasticity, than more sophisticated methods, such as pharmaceutical drugs. Brain training using computer applications is also an area under heavy research but with mixed results at the moment. While brain training with scientific techniques can improve performance in specific areas, appropriate physical exercises, as well as proper nutrition, have additional benefits for the body. Supplementary studies will be useful in order to further specify the benefits and the ways of using both exercise and nutrition to design therapeutic interventions.
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Rahmawaty S, Meyer BJ. Stunting is a recognized problem: Evidence for the potential benefits of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutrition 2020; 73:110564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Martins AJ, Vicente AA, Pastrana LM, Cerqueira MA. Oleogels for development of health-promoting food products. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Araya-Quintanilla F, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Sánchez-Montoya U, Muñoz-Yañez M, Baeza-Vergara A, Petersen-Yanjarí M, Fernández-Lecaros L. Effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Santoro I, Nardi M, Benincasa C, Costanzo P, Giordano G, Procopio A, Sindona G. Sustainable and Selective Extraction of Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234347. [PMID: 31795131 PMCID: PMC6930523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The procedures for the extraction and separation of lipids and nutraceutics from microalgae using classic solvents have been frequently used over the years. However, these production methods usually require expensive and toxic solvents. Based on our studies involving the use of eco-sustainable methodologies and alternative solvents, we selected ethanol (EtOH) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) for extracting bio-oil and lipids from algae. Different percentages of EtOH in CPME favor the production of an oil rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), useful to biofuel production or rich in bioactive compounds. The proposed method for obtaining an extract rich in saturated or unsaturated fatty acids from dry algal biomass is disclosed as eco-friendly and allows a good extraction yield. The method is compared both in extracted oil percentage yield and in extracted fatty acids selectivity to extraction by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Santoro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria per l’Ambiente e il Territorio e Ingegneria Chimica, Università della Calabria, Cubo 45A, I-87036 Rende, Italy;
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (M.N.); Tel.: +39 0961 3694116 (M.N.)
| | - Monica Nardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, I-88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (P.C.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (M.N.); Tel.: +39 0961 3694116 (M.N.)
| | - Cinzia Benincasa
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, C.da Li Rocchi, I-87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, I-88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (P.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Girolamo Giordano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria per l’Ambiente e il Territorio e Ingegneria Chimica, Università della Calabria, Cubo 45A, I-87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, I-88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (P.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Sindona
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Cubo 12C, I-87036 Rende, Italy;
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The Face of Early Cognitive Decline? Shape and Asymmetry Predict Choice Reaction Time Independent of Age, Diet or Exercise. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Slower reaction time is a measure of cognitive decline and can occur as early as 24 years of age. We are interested if developmental stability predicts cognitive performance independent of age and lifestyle (e.g., diet and exercise). Developmental stability is the latent capacity to buffer ontogenetic stressors and is measured by low fluctuating asymmetry (FA). FA is random—with respect to the largest side—departures from perfect morphological symmetry. The degree of asymmetry has been associated with physical fitness, morbidity, and mortality in many species, including humans. We expected that low FA (independent of age, diet and exercise) will predict faster choice reaction time (i.e., correct keyboard responses to stimuli appearing in a random location on a computer monitor). Eighty-eight university students self-reported their fish product consumption, exercise, had their faces 3D scanned and cognitive performance measured. Unexpectedly, increased fish product consumption was associated with worsened choice reaction time. Facial asymmetry and multiple face shape variation parameters predicted slower choice reaction time independent of sex, age, diet or exercise. Future work should develop longitudinal interventions to minimize early cognitive decline among vulnerable people (e.g., those who have experienced ontogenetic stressors affecting optimal neurocognitive development).
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Nišević JR, Prpić I, Kolić I, Baždarić K, Tratnik JS, Prpić IŠ, Mazej D, Špirić Z, Barbone F, Horvat M. Combined prenatal exposure to mercury and LCPUFA on newborn's brain measures and neurodevelopment at the age of 18 months. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108682. [PMID: 31450150 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prenatal exposure of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are essential for normal fetal growth and neurodevelopment. Availability of LCPUFA depends mostly on maternal fish consumption. Fish consumption also exposes the fetus to mercury which is well known neurotoxicant. We analyzed the associations of combined LCPUFA and mercury from fish consumption during pregnancy on newborn's brain measures and child neurodevelopment in a northern Adriatic coastal area. PATIENTS AND METHODS The prospective cohort study included 257 mother - infant pairs enrolled in a susceptible population of the Public Health Impact on long-term, low-level, Mixed Element exposure (PHIME) EU Sixth Framework Programme from 2 recruitment areas of the northern part of the Adriatic coast. Umbilical cord blood taken at delivery was used for measuring concentration of total mercury (THg) and specific LCPUFA - docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA). Neonatal cranial sonography was performed at the age of 3 days in 57 newborns. Neurodevelopmental assessment of cognitive, motor and language skills were conducted at 257 children at the age of 18 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. The participants were divided into two groups depending on the THg concentration in the umbilical cord blood (exposed > 5.8 μg/L and unexposed < 5.8 μg/L). Dietary habits and exposures to environmental and social factors were assessed through questionnaires. RESULTS There is a statistically significant difference in the cerebellum length (p = 0.032) and the superior frontal gyrus width (p = 0.023) between the exposed and the unexposed group. In combined analysis, including possible protective variables as DHA and ARA (R2 = 0.22, p = 0.001), the negative contribution of THg on cerebellum length (beta = -0.16, p = 0.001) persisted. We found no correlation between THg concentration in umbilical cord blood and child neurodevelopment scores at the age of 18 months. Language score with receptive and expressive subscores was significantly associated with fish consumption (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This analysis demonstrates the existence of morphological brain changes in newborns that are prenatally exposed at mercury concentrations what was diminished in combined analyse including LCPUFA. Our results emphasizes the importance of LCPUFA's and mercury common influence as a predictor of developmental outcome. Fish consumption, not solely LCPUFA contributes to better language development of children at the age of 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Radić Nišević
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Centre, Istarska 43, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Igor Prpić
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Centre, Istarska 43, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolić
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Centre, Istarska 43, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Baždarić
- Faculty of Medicine Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Škarpa Prpić
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre, Istarska 43, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zdravko Špirić
- Green Infrastructure Ltd., Fallerovo Setaliste 22, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria, 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Bjarnadóttir E, Stokholm J, Chawes B, Thorsen J, Mora‐Jensen AC, Deleuran M, Bønnelykke K, Lauritzen L, Bisgaard H. Determinants of neurodevelopment in early childhood - results from the Copenhagen prospective studies on asthma in childhood (COPSAC 2010 ) mother-child cohort. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1632-1641. [PMID: 30748036 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to identify possible pre- and postnatal factors influencing neurodevelopment of the young child. METHODS We used data from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010 ) mother-child cohort, but excluded those with a neurological diagnosis, born <37 weeks of gestation and birthweights <2500 g, resulting in 650 children analysed. Neurodevelopment was assessed as age of achievement of early milestones, language scores at 1 and 2 years and cognitive score at 2 ½ years of age. RESULTS Neurodevelopmental scores were not associated with breastfeeding, persistent wheeze, eczema and number of sick days (p > 0.05 in all tests). Early age at milestone achievement was associated with male sex (p = 0.05), lower maternal age (p = 0.02), higher gestational age (p < 0.001) and paternity leave (p = 0.01). A higher 1-year language score was associated with female sex (p = 0.02) and maternal smoking during pregnancy (p = 0.01) and a higher 2-year language score with female sex (p < 0.001) and being first born (p = 0.01). A higher cognitive score was associated with female sex (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Neurodevelopmental scores were unrelated to breastfeeding, persistent wheeze, eczema and number of sick days. Neurodevelopment in early childhood was mostly associated with gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elín Bjarnadóttir
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics Slagelse Hospital Slagelse Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics Slagelse Hospital Slagelse Denmark
| | - Bo Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jonathan Thorsen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics Slagelse Hospital Slagelse Denmark
| | - Anna‐Rosa Cecilie Mora‐Jensen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics Slagelse Hospital Slagelse Denmark
| | - Maja Deleuran
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics Slagelse Hospital Slagelse Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Lim SY, Kwak YS. Effect of nutrients and exhaustive exercise on brain function. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:341-345. [PMID: 31316924 PMCID: PMC6614761 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938102.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that health-oriented eating habits are associated with maintaining optimal cognitive ability. Nutrients are functional bioactive molecules promoting human health and essential components as well. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), one of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is synthesized through elongation pathway from linolenic acid (81:3n-3) which is recognized as important source of brain function. Endurance physical exercise and energy restriction was also recognized of cardiovascular stress adjustment by enhancing brainstem cholinergic activity as well as brain function. However, we even do not know the exact neuronal mechanisms about the nutrients, β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) and myokine impacts on brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) activation. Therefore, this review focuses on recent evidence that explains how nutrients and prolonged exercise can affect nervous system pathways that are associated with improving brain function. The results revealed that frequent consumption of polyphenols and n-3 PUFAs could modify gastrointestinal environment with beneficial microorganisms. It may suggest a new hypothesis that gastrointestinal microbiome could influence cognitive function in addition to the traditional etiological pathway. And moreover, prolonged physical exercise includes open skill sports which is induced by β-oxidation of free fatty acids stimulate BDNF. And also β-HB production which is induced by carbohydrate depletion, hypoglycemia, or fasting stimulate BDNF production that acts an significantly important roles in cognitive function and acting on brain function with brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Lim
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yi-Sub Kwak
- DEU Exe-Physio Lab, Department of Physical Education, College of Arts, Design and Sports Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
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Preconception and Prenatal Nutrition and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071628. [PMID: 31319515 PMCID: PMC6682900 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconception and prenatal nutrition is critical for fetal brain development. However, its associations with offspring neurodevelopmental disorders are not well understood. This study aims to systematically review the associations of preconception and prenatal nutrition with offspring risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. We searched the PubMed and Embase for articles published through March 2019. Nutritional exposures included nutrient intake or status, food intake, or dietary patterns. Neurodevelopmental outcomes included autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit disorder-hyperactivity (ADHD) and intellectual disabilities. A total of 2169 articles were screened, and 20 articles on ASD and 17 on ADHD were eventually reviewed. We found an overall inverse association between maternal folic acid or multivitamin supplementation and children’s risk of ASD; a meta-analysis including six prospective cohort studies estimated an RR of ASD of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.90). Data on associations of other dietary factors and ASD, ADHD and related outcomes were inconclusive and warrant future investigation. Future studies should integrate comprehensive and more objective methods to quantify the nutritional exposures and explore alternative study design such as Mendelian randomization to evaluate potential causal effects.
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Gijselaers HJM, Kirschner PA, de Groot RHM. The Consumption of Breakfast, Fish and/or Caffeine does not Predict Study Progress in Adult Distance Education. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 88:1-9. [PMID: 31161895 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of breakfast, fish, or caffeine are each separately often investigated in relation to learning performance in traditional education, but not in distance education (DE). The objective of this study was to investigate whether the relations between the consumption of breakfast, fish, and/or caffeine on the one hand and learning performance on the other are also found in DE students. This population is different from traditional students and characterized by a different profile in terms of age, personal and work responsibilities as well as other demographics. In an observational longitudinal study, the consumption of breakfast, fish, and caffeine of 1157 DE students (18-76 years old, mean 35.8 ± 11.1 years) was used to predict learning performance using multiple regression analysis. In an online digital survey, university students provided information about their consumption of these nutritional measures and on important covariates. Learning performance, measured as study progress (i.e., the number of successfully completed modules), was evaluated objectively after 14 months. Results showed that adding the consumption of breakfast, fish, and caffeine to the covariate model did not fit the data better, χ2 (3, N = 1155) = 3.287, p = 0.35. This means that neither the consumption of breakfast nor fish nor caffeine predicted study progress in adults participating in DE. This study is important as it is the first to report on these relations in this specific age group and educational setting, which is increasingly important due to the increased preference for this type of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieronymus J M Gijselaers
- 1 Welten Institute - Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Paul A Kirschner
- 1 Welten Institute - Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands.,2 Learning & Educational Technology Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Renate H M de Groot
- 3 Maastricht University, Department of Complex Genetics, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM)/Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Fortune NC, Harville EW, Guralnik JM, Gustat J, Chen W, Qi L, Bazzano LA. Dietary intake and cognitive function: evidence from the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1656-1663. [PMID: 31136655 PMCID: PMC6900495 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia and late-life cognitive decline are leading causes of death and disability in the United States. Prevention of these diseases, by maintaining brain health throughout the life course, is essential. Diet and lifestyle changes are the chief strategies aimed at primary prevention for many of the risk factors of cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the potential impact of dietary factors on cognitive function. METHODS This prospective cohort study followed 516 young adults through midlife. The Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire was used to collect habitual nutrition data (mean age: 32.03 ± 5.96 y) at baseline. Scores from a neurocognitive battery were used to assess cognitive function (mean age: 49.03 ± 4.86 y) at follow-up and were transformed to z scores. Separate multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted. The trend across quintiles for each dietary variable was assessed. RESULTS Vitamin B-6, whole grains, processed meats, and foods fried at home all displayed significant linear trends in their relation with cognitive function. Dietary intake of vitamin B-6 and whole grains was directly associated with better cognitive function after adjustment for age, race, sex, and total calorie intake (β coefficient from linear regression and SE: 1.755 ± 0.621, P = 0.005, and 0.001 ± 0.000, P = 0.018, respectively). Processed meat and foods fried at home consistently displayed inverse associations with cognitive function across crude and adjusted models (linear trend P values were 0.05 and <0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that dietary consumption in young adulthood may affect cognitive function in midlife. Strong associations between dietary intake and cognition were observed in our analysis, but as with all observational studies, the possibility of residual confounding cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jack M Guralnik
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Lu Qi
- Departments of Epidemiology
- Obesity Research Center, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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López-Vicente M, Ribas Fitó N, Vilor-Tejedor N, Garcia-Esteban R, Fernández-Barrés S, Dadvand P, Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Ibarluzea J, Lertxundi A, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardón A, López-Sabater MC, Romaguera D, Vrijheid M, Sunyer J, Julvez J. Prenatal Omega-6:Omega-3 Ratio and Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms. J Pediatr 2019; 209:204-211.e4. [PMID: 30929929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether higher omega-6:omega-3 (n-6:n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in cord plasma is associated with more symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at 4 and 7 years of age. STUDY DESIGN This study was based on a population-based birth cohort in Spain. N-6 arachidonic acid and n-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations were measured in cord plasma. At 4 years old, ADHD symptoms were reported by teachers through the ADHD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed checklist (n = 580). At 7 years old, ADHD symptoms were reported by parents through the Conners' Rating Scale-Revised (short form; n = 642). The ADHD variable was treated as continuous (score) and as dichotomous (symptom diagnostic criteria). Child and family general characteristics were prospectively collected through questionnaires. We applied pooled zero-inflated negative binomial and logistic regressions adjusted for covariates. RESULTS A higher omega-6:omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in cord plasma was associated with a higher ADHD index (incidence rate ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03, 1.23) at 7 years old. The association was not observed at 4 years old (incidence rate ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.92-1.18). No associations were found using ADHD symptom diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS High prenatal omega-6:omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio preceded the appearance of subclinical ADHD symptoms during mid-childhood. Our findings suggest that maternal diet during pregnancy may modulate the risk to develop long-term ADHD symptoms in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica López-Vicente
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Garcia-Esteban
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Fernández-Barrés
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Payam Dadvand
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Murcia
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of València, València, Spain
| | - Marisa Rebagliato
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of València, València, Spain; Medicine Department, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; University of Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain; Health Research Institute, BIODONOSTIA, San Sebastián, Spain; Sub-Directorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Department of Health, Goverment of Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; University of Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain; Health Research Institute, BIODONOSTIA, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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Chen X, Du Y, Boni GF, Liu X, Kuang J, Geng Z. Consuming egg yolk decreases body weight and increases serum HDL and brain expression of TrkB in male SD rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3879-3885. [PMID: 30680735 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg yolks contain large amounts of cholesterol and are suspected to be harmful after long-term consumption. In this experiment, 63 rats were used to evaluate the effect of egg white (EW) and egg yolk (EY) supplementation on serum lipids and brain cognition. The feeding time lasted 4 weeks after a 1-week acclimation. RESULTS Body weight was significantly higher in rats fed 132.0 g kg-1 EW and significantly lower when fed 40 g kg-1 EY (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein increased in rats fed 72.0 g kg-1 EW compared with rats from NC and EY groups (P < 0.05). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher in rats fed 40 g kg-1 EY and decreased when fed 72.0 g kg-1 EW (P < 0.05). Rats fed a diet with EY exhibited abundant neurons in the CA1 hippocampus and complete subcellular structures. Rats fed 132 g kg-1 EW exhibited shrunken cells and swollen mitochondria. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor had constitutively low expression among groups, while tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) exhibited higher expression levels in rats fed a diet containing EY compared with other groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION EY consumption reduced body weight and increased HDL levels. Diet containing EY could improve cognition through enhanced trkB expression. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yeye Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Grace F Boni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jinlong Kuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Zhaoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
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