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Raninen J, Ramstedt M, Thor S, Törrönen J. Mind the gap! Gender differences in alcohol consumption among Swedish ninth graders 1989-2021. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:596-603. [PMID: 37434384 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To examine gender differences in drinking habits among Swedish ninth graders over the period 1989-2021. METHODS Annual school surveys with nationally representative samples of ninth-grade students in Sweden covering the period 1989-2021, total sample of 180,538 students. Drinking habits were measured with self-reports of frequency and quantity of use and frequency of heavy episodic drinking. Differences between genders were compared annually and differences were tested using logistic and ordinary least square regression models with cluster robust standard errors. RESULTS Small gender differences in the prevalence of alcohol use during the first part of the study period were followed by an increasing gap over the past decade with girls being more likely to drink alcohol than boys. Boys consumed larger amounts of alcohol than girls during the first three decades of the studied period but no gender differences were found in later years. Binge drinking was more prevalent among boys during 1989 to 2000 but no systematic gender difference was found during the past 15 years. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS There used to be clear gender differences in drinking habits among ninth graders in Sweden with boys drinking more than girls. This gap has narrowed over the past three decades and among contemporary adolescents, no gender differences are found neither in binge drinking nor volume of drinking and the prevalence of drinking is even higher among girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Raninen
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mats Ramstedt
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siri Thor
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jukka Törrönen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sjödin L, Karlsson P, Raninen J. Psychosocial correlates of drinking transitions: A longitudinal study among adolescents in Sweden. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:643-653. [PMID: 36855294 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-drinkers have been shown in older studies to have poorer mental health and social life compared to their alcohol-using counterparts. Given the profound decline in adolescent drinking observed in most high-income countries, this pattern may have changed. This study explores drinking transitions and examines psychosocial factors among adolescents by longitudinal drinking status. METHODS Data were based on two waves of a prospective longitudinal nationwide study (n = 4018). The first wave (T1) of data was collected in 2017 (age 15/16) and the second wave (T2) was in 2019 (age 17/18). Respondents were asked about their past year drinking status, general health, psychosomatic problems, psychiatric medication, school enjoyment, emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, prosocial ability, friendships satisfaction and satisfaction with relation to mother/father. Comparisons by mean values were assessed and multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine associations. RESULTS Abstainers and later drinkers differed significantly from early drinkers on 9/10 factors respectively at T1. Fewer psychosomatic problems, less psychiatric medication, higher school enjoyment, more emotional symptoms, higher parental relationship satisfaction, more peer problems and lower friendships satisfaction at T1 were associated with abstaining and/or later drinking. All factors were more strongly associated with abstaining. School enjoyment predicted abstaining but not later drinking. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal drinking status relates to small to moderate systematic psychosocial differences. Adolescents with better mental health, more content relationships with parents and lower friendships satisfaction are more often abstainers. Those generally worse off are more likely early drinkers but they also have better friendships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Sjödin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- La Trobe University, Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Melbourne, Australia
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Stafström M, Raninen J. Trends in alcohol-related harm among Swedish youth: Do in-patient care registry data match drinking trends? Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:625-632. [PMID: 38018667 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youth drinking has been declining in Sweden since the year 2000. There is a paucity of studies examining trends in alcohol-related harm during this period. The overall aim of the present study is to examine how trends in alcohol-related harm match trends in drinking among Swedish youths during 2000-2021. METHODS Measures of alcohol use were obtained from national school surveys. Prevalence rates of any alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking were used. Alcohol-related harm indicators were obtained from registry information from the National Board of Health and Welfare. Annual trends in harm indicators were tested with linear regression models and correlations between alcohol use and alcohol-related harm indicators were assessed using Pearson's correlation on annual data. RESULTS Statistically significant negative trends were observed for all alcohol-related harm indicators for the period 2000-2021. Significant correlations were found for both measures of alcohol use and all alcohol-related harm indicators. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The levels of alcohol-related harm have declined among youths in Sweden during the period 2000-2021. The trends in harm seem to reflect the decline in youth drinking that has occurred during the same period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stafström
- Division of Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Raninen J, Gripe I, Zetterqvist M, Ramstedt M. Trends in Tobacco Use among 9th Graders in Sweden, 1991-2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5262. [PMID: 37047878 PMCID: PMC10093943 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use was measured with self-reports of lifetime use of cigarettes and snus to examine trends in tobacco use among Swedish 9th graders over the period 1991-2020. Annual school surveys with nationally representative samples of 9th-grade students in Sweden covering the period 1991-2020 with a total sample of 163,617 students. We distinguished between the use of cigarettes only, use of snus only, dual use (use of both cigarettes and snus), and total tobacco use (use of any of these tobacco products). In addition to a graphical description of trends in the various measures of tobacco use, the correlation between these trends was calculated with the Pearson correlation coefficient (Rxy). The prevalence of total tobacco use declined from 72% in 1991 to 36% in 2020. The declining trend in total tobacco use was positively correlated with the trend in dual use (Rxy = 0.98) and the trend in cigarette use only (Rxy = 0.87). The trend in total tobacco use was, on the other hand, negatively correlated with snus use only (Rxy = -0.41), and snus use only was negatively correlated with cigarette use only (Rxy = -0.71). The situation became different after 2017 when total tobacco use increased as a result of an increasing prevalence of snus use. The sharp decline in tobacco use among 9th graders in Sweden over the past three decades is driven by declining cigarette use. The correlations between the various forms of tobacco use suggest that snus use may have contributed to the decline in cigarette use and, by that, overall tobacco use. The situation changed after 2017 when a sharp rise in snus use seems to have increased total tobacco use among adolescents in Sweden. A possible explanation behind this development is the introduction of a new form of snus called "All white snus", which was introduced in Sweden in 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Raninen
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), 116 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.R.); (I.G.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Isabella Gripe
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), 116 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.R.); (I.G.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Zetterqvist
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), 116 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.R.); (I.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mats Ramstedt
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), 116 64 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.R.); (I.G.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Raninen J, Livingston M, Raitasalo K, Larm P, de Looze M. Abstainers and Drinkers - Two Sides of the Same Coin? Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:832-834. [PMID: 36931229 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2188559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
This commentary discusses a recently published literature review focussing on the growing trend of young people abstaining from drinking alcohol. Despite the recent increase in research on the decline in youth drinking, the review only identified 10 papers that explicitly examined abstainers. The inclusion criteria used thus excluded and overlooked the vast literature available on the decline in youth drinking. This commentary discusses the implications of this and raises the issue of how the adolescent abstainer should be viewed in research; is it a distinct social phenomenon with unique determinants or are abstainers merely the flip side of drinkers?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Raninen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kirsimarja Raitasalo
- The Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Larm
- Department of Public Health, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaretha de Looze
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Raninen J, Livingston M, Landberg J, Ramstedt M. To drink or not to drink: A study of the association between rates of non-drinkers and per drinker mean alcohol consumption in the Swedish general population. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:1475-1483. [PMID: 35673799 PMCID: PMC9544777 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding how the mean consumption per drinker and rates of non-drinking interplay to form overall per capita alcohol consumption is imperative for our understanding of population drinking. The aim of the present study is to examine the association between rates of non-drinkers and per drinker mean alcohol consumption in the Swedish adult population and for different percentiles of drinkers. METHODS Data came from a monthly telephone survey of drinking habits in the Swedish adult population between 2002 and 2013. Alcohol consumption and non-drinking during the last 30 days were measured by beverage-specific quantity-frequency questions. Regression models estimated the association between the rate of non-drinkers and per drinker volume on annual data. Auto-regressive integrated moving average time-series models estimated the association on monthly data. RESULTS A significant (P < 0.01) negative association (-0.849) was found between the rate of non-drinkers and per drinker mean volume on annual data. A unit increase in non-drinking was associated with a decline of 0.85 cl of pure alcohol among drinkers. This finding was mirrored across all percentiles of consumption. The semi-log models found that a 1% unit increase in the rate of non-drinkers was followed by a 2% reduction in per drinker mean consumption. Auto-regressive integrated moving average time-series models verified these results. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS There is a significant association between the proportion of non-drinkers and the amount of drinking among drinkers. The theory of collectivity of drinking cultures should also include the non-drinking part of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Raninen
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, Södertörn University, Unit of Social Work, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Livingston
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonas Landberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Services, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Ramstedt
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Services, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mojica-Perez Y, Callinan S, Livingston M. Declines in alcohol consumption in Australia: some challenges to the theory of collectivity. Addiction 2022; 117:1295-1303. [PMID: 34817101 DOI: 10.1111/add.15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is significant debate about whether or not changes in per-capita alcohol consumption occur collectively across the entire distribution of drinking. This study used data from a decade of declining drinking in Australia to test the collectivity of drinking trends. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional surveys (2010, 2013, 2016, 2019), analysed with quantile regression techniques assessing trends in drinking for 20 quantile groups. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS A general population sample (total n = 85 891; males = 39 182, females = 46 709) aged 14 years and over. MEASUREMENTS Past-year volume of alcohol consumed was measured using standard graduated frequency survey questions. Models were stratified by sex and age group. FINDINGS Throughout the whole population, alcohol consumption had declined in all percentile groups, with the largest proportional declines evident for light and moderate drinkers [e.g. drinkers in the 25th percentile declined by 32.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -41.6, -22.3% per wave]. Broadly collective declines were also found for younger men and women with significant declines in every percentile group, but older groups showed some evidence of polarization. For example, women aged 45-64 years significantly increased their consumption (2.9% per wave, 95% CI = 0.3-5.5%), while consumption for those in the 25th percentile fell significantly (-16.7%, 95% CI = -27.6, -4.2%). CONCLUSIONS The declines in Australian drinking since 2010 have included important deviations from the collectivity predicted by Skog's influential theory of collectivity of drinking, with markedly different patterns evident among different demographic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Mojica-Perez
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Holmes J, Fairbrother H, Livingston M, Meier PS, Oldham M, Pennay A, Whitaker V. Youth drinking in decline: What are the implications for public health, public policy and public debate? THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2022; 102:103606. [PMID: 35131690 PMCID: PMC7612362 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Youth drinking has declined across most high-income countries in the last 20 years. Although researchers and commentators have explored the nature and drivers of decline, they have paid less attention to its implications. This matters because of the potential impact on contemporary and future public health, as well as on alcohol policy-making. This commentary therefore considers how youth drinking trends may develop in future, what this would mean for public health, and what it might mean for alcohol policy and debate. We argue that the decline in youth drinking is well-established and unlikely to reverse, despite smaller declines and stabilising trends in recent years. Young people also appear to be carrying their lighter drinking into adulthood in at least some countries. This suggests we should expect large short- and long-term public health benefits. The latter may however be obscured in population-level data by increased harm arising from earlier, heavier drinking generations moving through the highest risk points in the life course. The likely impact of the decline in youth drinking on public and policy debate is less clear. We explore the possibilities using two model scenarios, the reinforcement and withdrawal models. In the reinforcement model, a 'virtuous' circle of falling alcohol consumption, increasing public support for alcohol control policies and apparent policy successes facilitates progressive strengthening of policy, akin to that seen in the tobacco experience. In the withdrawal model, policy-makers turn their attention to other problems, public health advocates struggle to justify proposed interventions and existing policies erode over time as industry actors reassert and strengthen their partnerships with government around alcohol policy. We argue that disconnects between the tobacco experience and the reinforcement model make the withdrawal model a more plausible scenario. We conclude by suggesting some tentative ways forward for public health actors working in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Holmes
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Hannah Fairbrother
- Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Barber House, 387 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Michael Livingston
- National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6008, Australia; Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3803, Australia
| | - Petra Sylvia Meier
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Square, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Melissa Oldham
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3803, Australia
| | - Victoria Whitaker
- Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Barber House, 387 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
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17 Is the New 15: Changing Alcohol Consumption among Swedish Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031645. [PMID: 35162666 PMCID: PMC8835253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To examine and compare trends in drinking prevalence in nationally representative samples of Swedish 9th and 11th grade students between 2000 and 2018. A further aim is to compare drinking behaviours in the two age groups during years with similar drinking prevalence. Data were drawn from annual surveys of a nationally representative sample of students in year 9 (15-16 years old) and year 11 (17-18 years old). The data covered 19 years for year 9 and 16 years for year 11. Two reference years where the prevalence of drinking was similar were extracted for further comparison, 2018 for year 11 (n = 4878) and 2005 for year 9 (n = 5423). The reference years were compared with regard to the volume of drinking, heavy episodic drinking, having had an accident and quarrelling while drunk. The prevalence of drinking declined in both age groups during the study period. The rate of decline was somewhat higher among year 9 students. In 2018, the prevalence of drinking was the same for year 11 students as it was for year 9 students in 2005. The volume of drinking was lower among year 11 students in 2018 than year 9 students in 2005. No differences were observed for heavy episodic drinking. The decline in drinking has caused a displacement of consumption so that today's 17-18-year-olds have a similar drinking behaviour to what 15-16-year-olds had in 2005.
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Popova S, Dozet D, Akhand Laboni S, Brower K, Temple V. Why do women consume alcohol during pregnancy or while breastfeeding? Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 41:759-777. [PMID: 34963039 PMCID: PMC9305227 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Issue Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and breastfeeding cause adverse health outcomes to the mother and child, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Approach Systematic literature review and thematic synthesis. Original studies that contained reasons for alcohol consumption in pregnancy and while breastfeeding were included. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and the Confidence in the Evidence of Reviews of Qualitative Research (CerQUAL) approach were utilised. The review protocol is available on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42018116998). Key Findings Forty‐two eligible studies comprising women from 16 countries were included. Most commonly reported reasons of alcohol use in pregnancy were societal pressure and the belief that only “strong” alcohol and alcohol in large quantities is harmful. Other reasons were: a lack of awareness of adverse effects on the fetus; coping with adverse life experiences; consumption based on intuitive decision‐making and influenced by personal/peer experiences; belief in the beneficial properties of alcohol; advice from medical practitioners; unwanted or unplanned pregnancy; alcohol dependence; and consumption as a cultural/traditional custom. Reasons for alcohol use during breastfeeding included the belief that alcohol stimulates breast milk production, unclear advice from medical practitioners, unawareness of the risks of infant exposure and to improve mood and celebrate events. Implications Understanding the context of reasons for alcohol use in pregnancy is crucial for implementing prenatal health education, and preventing FASD and other adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Conclusion Individual beliefs, knowledge/advice, culture and personal circumstances influence alcohol use in pregnancy. Data are limited for reasons surrounding alcohol use while breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Popova
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danijela Dozet
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shahela Akhand Laboni
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Krista Brower
- Edmonton Oliver Primary Care Network, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Educational Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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11
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Raninen J, Livingston M, Holmes J, Svensson J, Larm P. Declining youth drinking: A matter of faith? Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 41:721-723. [PMID: 34856025 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Youth drinking has declined in many high-income countries for two decades. This development is still largely unexplained. Developing evidence and extending our understanding as to the mechanisms behind these changes is imperative for advising governments and policy makers on how to support and maintain the trends. Given the international scope of the trends, comparative studies have been suggested for improving our understanding of the development. In this commentary, we explore the patterns observed across several waves of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs between 1999 and 2019, and how these match-up with the World Values Survey. We found that the declines in youth drinking are limited to a smaller number of countries and that in Europe these are all found in two groups from the World Values Survey, protestant Europe and English-speaking countries. If the declines in youth drinking are systematic and limited to a smaller number of countries, this challenges some of the hypothesised drivers of this development, but can also help guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Raninen
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Work, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Holmes
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Johan Svensson
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Larm
- Department of Public Health, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Loy JK, Seitz NN, Bye EK, Raitasalo K, Soellner R, Törrönen J, Kraus L. Trends in alcohol consumption among adolescents in Europe: Do changes occur in concert? Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109020. [PMID: 34537468 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present paper extends the scope of testing Skog's theory on the 'collectivity of drinking culture' to adolescent alcohol use in 26 European countries. The aim was to 1) examine whether changes in adolescent alcohol use are consistent across different consumption levels, and 2) explore whether trends in heavy and light drinkers diverged or converged. METHOD Data came from six waves of the cross-sectional European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) between 1999 and 2019. The sample consisted of n = 452,935 students aged 15-16 years. Trends in alcohol volume across consumption levels including abstainers were estimated by quantile regression models (50th, 80th, 90th and 95th percentile). Countries were classified according to trends showing (soft/hard) collectivity or (soft/hard) polarisation. Trends in heavy drinkers were compared with the population trend. RESULTS Trends in alcohol consumption at different levels across 26 European countries in the period 1999-2019 were not homogeneous. Collective changes were found in 15 (14 soft/1 hard), and polarised trends in 11 countries (5 soft/6 hard). Collectivity was generally associated with a declining trend. In 18 countries, trends in heavy and light drinkers diverged. CONCLUSION Accepting some variation in the strength of changes across consumption levels, changes in many European countries occurred in the same direction. Yet, diverging trends at different consumption levels in most countries indicate a less beneficial change in heavy compared with light drinkers, implying that in addition to universal population-level strategies, intervention strategies targeting specific risk groups are needed to prevent alcohol-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Loy
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Elin K Bye
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsimarja Raitasalo
- Alcohol, Drugs and Tobacco Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Renate Soellner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Jukka Törrönen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludwig Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany; Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Vasiljevic Z, Svensson R, Shannon D. Trends in alcohol intoxication among native and immigrant youth in Sweden, 1999-2017: A comparison across family structure and parental employment status. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 98:103397. [PMID: 34329951 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing a better understanding of drinking patterns across immigrant generations and how these change over time is important for the development of effective alcohol polices. This study investigates the direction and rate of change in youth alcohol intoxication over time, based on immigrant status, and by family structure and parental employment status. METHOD The study is based on eight nationally representative school surveys conducted by the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention between 1999 and 2017, with a combined sample of 50,657 adolescents. Group by time interactions were examined to compare rates of change of alcohol intoxication over time across immigrant generations. RESULTS The results show a decreasing trend in alcohol intoxication among both first and second generation immigrant youth, and also among immigrant youth across different family structures and parental employment statuses. The results also show that the decrease in alcohol intoxication over time is greater for youths born abroad and for youths with two immigrant parents than for native Swedes, and that the decrease over time is greater for youths from intact families than for native Swedish youths from non-intact families and youths with one immigrant parent. CONCLUSION Native and first- and second-generation immigrant youth may differ substantially from one another in many ways, and may therefore manifest different patterns of drinking behaviours. From a policy and prevention perspective, the data in this study imply that native youths and youths with one immigrant parent should be a central target group for alcohol prevention policy in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Vasiljevic
- Department of Criminology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Robert Svensson
- Department of Criminology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Shannon
- Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Kraus L, Loy JK, Wilms N, Starker A. [Age-specific trends in risky drinking in Germany: collectivity or polarisation?]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 64:652-659. [PMID: 33978772 PMCID: PMC8187186 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Einleitung Nach der Collectivity-of-Drinking-Cultures-Theorie von Skog finden Veränderungen des Alkoholkonsums in allen Bevölkerungsgruppen und -schichten als parallele Verschiebungen statt. Ziele des vorliegenden Beitrags sind (1) die Darstellung zeitlicher Trends des riskanten Konsums und des episodischen Rauschtrinkens nach Altersgruppen und Geschlecht und (2) die Prüfung, ob die Trends in allen Altersgruppen parallel verlaufen („Kollektivität“) oder zwischen Altersgruppen divergieren („Polarisierung“). Methoden Datengrundlage sind 9 Erhebungen des Epidemiologischen Suchtsurveys (ESA) zwischen 1995 und 2018. Als Schwellenwert für riskanten Alkoholkonsum wurde ein täglicher Konsum von mehr als 12 g Reinalkohol bei Frauen beziehungsweise 24 g bei Männern herangezogen. Episodisches Rauschtrinken wurde als Konsum von 5 oder mehr Gläsern Alkohol (ca. 70 g Reinalkohol) an mindestens einem Tag in den letzten 30 Tagen definiert. Lineare Regressionen wurden für die Vorhersage des zeitlichen Effekts auf riskanten Konsum bzw. Rauschkonsum nach Altersgruppen (18–29, 30–39, 40–49 und 50–59 Jahre) und Geschlecht getrennt berechnet und auf Unterschiede geprüft. Ergebnisse Die Entwicklungen riskanten Alkoholkonsums nach Altersgruppen verlaufen bei Männern weitgehend parallel, bei Frauen gegenläufig. Die Trends des episodischen Rauschtrinken weisen bei beiden Geschlechtern keine parallele Entwicklung auf: Während in der jüngsten und ältesten Altersgruppe die Prävalenz im Zeitverlauf anstieg, sank sie in den übrigen Altersgruppen. Diskussion Vor dem Hintergrund einer generellen Abnahme spricht die Zunahme in den Trends risikoreichen Alkoholkonsums in bestimmten Gruppen für einen Ausbau verhaltenspräventiver Maßnahmen. Zur Fortsetzung der positiven Entwicklung und der Vermeidung einer Trendumkehr sollten zudem auf die Gesamtbevölkerung ausgerichtete Präventionsanstrengungen intensiviert werden, beispielsweise durch Erhöhung der Alkoholsteuer oder Reduktion der Verfügbarkeit von Alkohol. Zusatzmaterial online Zusätzliche Informationen sind in der Online-Version dieses Artikels (10.1007/s00103-021-03328-7) enthalten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Leopoldstr. 175, 80804, München, Deutschland. .,Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Schweden. .,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Ungarn.
| | - Johanna K Loy
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Leopoldstr. 175, 80804, München, Deutschland
| | - Nicolas Wilms
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Leopoldstr. 175, 80804, München, Deutschland
| | - Anne Starker
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
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15
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Burton S, Puddephatt JA, Baines L, Sheen F, Warren JG, Jones A. Limited Evidence of Associations Between Executive Functioning and Alcohol Involvement In UK Adolescents. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:754-762. [PMID: 33836535 PMCID: PMC8557664 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Deficits in motor inhibitory control and working memory have been hypothesized to be both a cause and consequence of heavy alcohol use. Adolescence is a critical developmental stage for inhibitory control and working memory, and it is also a stage when individuals are most likely to initiate alcohol use. This study aimed to examine whether inhibitory control and working memory would predict alcohol use and involvement in a group of UK adolescents. Methods We recruited 220 (N = 178, female) adolescents, aged between 16 and 18, from eight higher education settings in the Merseyside region of the UK. Alcohol use was examined using the Timeline Follow-Back and involvement (and related problems) using the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale. A reward-based inhibitory control task (Go/No-Go) was used to examine the inhibition and reward sensitivity, and a self-ordered pointing task was used to measure working memory. Results Multiple regression demonstrated that neither inhibitory control (b = 0.02 (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.21, 0.24)) nor working memory (b = −0.12 (95% CI: −0.30, 0.07)) were significant predictors of alcohol use (units consumed). Inhibitory control (b = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.12, 1.09), specifically, in the no reward condition and school deprivation (b = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.06, 1.28) significantly predicted alcohol-related problems. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated limited evidence that deficits in specific mechanisms of executive functioning (i.e. motor inhibition and working memory) were associated with alcohol-related problems in UK adolescents. This study adds to an increasing body of literature suggesting weak or non-existent links between inhibitory control, working memory and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Burton
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Jo-Anne Puddephatt
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Laura Baines
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Florence Sheen
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Jasmine G Warren
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
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16
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Radaev V, Roshchina Y. Decline in alcohol consumption in Russia: Collectivity or polarisation? Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 40:481-488. [PMID: 33586817 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sales and survey data have shown a decline in alcohol consumption in Russia since 2007. This study examines whether this decline is consistent across lighter and heavier drinkers in line with the theory of the collectivity of drinking cultures. METHODS Data were collected through annual nationally representative surveys conducted between 2006 and 2018 of 33 109 individuals aged 18-85 years. We estimated generalised linear regression with Gamma distribution and used log alcohol volume consumed during the previous 30 days as the dependent variable for five percentile groups: heavy drinkers (95th), near heavy drinkers (90th), moderate drinkers (80th), light drinkers (60th for men and 70th for women) and non-drinkers. Dummy variables for years, percentile groups and their interactions were used as independent variables. The controls were age, education, income, body weight, marital status, household demographic structure, residence, ethnicity and regional climate. RESULTS Reductions in alcohol consumption were observed in all percentiles, but the scale of change was proportionally smaller among heavier drinkers than among lighter drinkers. However, consumption fell by a smaller amount among lighter drinkers than among heavier drinkers. Results of the regression analysis fit with the descriptive statistics. Interactions between the time period and the percentile groups were significant after 2010. Trends were similar for both sexes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Downward trends across percentiles were in the same direction but the magnitude of change varied. Obtained evidence fails to support a polarisation and points towards soft collectivity hypothesis in the reduction in drinking in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Radaev
- Laboratory for Studies in Economic Sociology, Department of Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yana Roshchina
- Laboratory for Studies in Economic Sociology, Department of Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
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17
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Baiano A. Craft beer: An overview. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:1829-1856. [PMID: 33369039 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the work was to provide an overview on craft beer. Details and issues concerning history and legal definition market, fiscal policy, innovation, safety, healthiness, consumer profile, and sustainability are supplied. The term "craft brewery" generally refers to a brewery able to produce low volumes of beer, often made with traditional ingredients-for emulating historic styles-but also with the addition of nontraditional ingredients as a distinctiveness sign of the master brewer. In many countries, the importance of the company size is related to the opportunity to take advantage of reduced excise rates for low production volumes. In several countries, another important requisite of a craft brewery is represented by its independence from other alcohol industry members. Even in the presence of a great heterogeneity of the size of craft breweries in the various countries, their number in the world is around 17,000. Craft beer is mainly consumed in restaurants and bars. Innovation of craft beer concerns aspects, such as ingredients, alcohol content, aging, and packaging, and the profile of the typical craft beer drinker is that of a young man, with a higher education and a medium-high income. Craft beers are often not filtered/not pasteurized and, for these reasons, they are beverages rich in health compounds but with a reduced shelf life. As in the case of larger breweries, the environmental impact of craft breweries is mainly represented by water consumption and production of liquid and solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Baiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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18
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Landberg J, Trolldal B, Norström T. Is the theory of collectivity of drinking cultures valid across educational groups? Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:472-480. [PMID: 33354893 PMCID: PMC7986749 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction To explore whether Skog's theory of collectivity of drinking cultures is valid across groups with different socioeconomic position (SEP). Methods Individual‐level information on alcohol consumption and SEP for the years 2004–2014 were retrieved from the Monitoring Project; a nationally representative monthly alcohol use survey. The analytical sample consisted of 162 369 respondents aged 25–79 years. SEP was measured by education level. Alcohol use was measured by yearly volume of consumption and frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED). Respondents were divided into six SEP‐groups based on their education level and sex. Mean yearly volume consumption and prevalence of monthly HED was calculated for each group and graphically plotted against the overall mean volume of consumption. Results The yearly changes in overall mean consumption during the study period reflected a collective shift in drinking across groups with basic, intermediate and high education. There were also indications that changes in overall mean consumption reflected collective shifts in the prevalence of HED across the SEP‐groups. Moreover, while the magnitude of the associations for both average volume and HED differed somewhat in strength across the SEP‐groups, they were clearly in the same, positive, direction. Discussion and Conclusions Our findings add support for including a socioeconomic dimension to Skog's theory of collectivity of drinking cultures. Future studies should replicate our analyses on cases and periods with more tangible changes in the price and availability of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Landberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Trolldal
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thor Norström
- Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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O'Brien H, Callinan S, Livingston M, Doyle JS, Dietze PM. Population patterns in Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores in the Australian population; 2007-2016. Aust N Z J Public Health 2020; 44:462-467. [PMID: 33104260 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite widespread use of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), there are no published contemporary population-level scores for Australia. We examined population-level AUDIT scores and hazardous drinking for Australia over the period 2007-2016. METHODS Total population, age- and gender-specific AUDIT scores, and the percentage of the population with an AUDIT score of 8 or more (indicating hazardous drinking), were derived from four waves of the nationally representative National Drug Strategy Household Survey, weighted to approximate the Australian population. RESULTS In 2016, the mean AUDIT score was 4.58, and 22.22% of the population scored ≥8. Both measures remained stable from 2007 to 2010 but declined in 2013 and 2016. Scores were highest in those aged 18-24 years, the lowest in those aged 14-17 or 60+. A downward trend in AUDIT scores was seen in younger age groups, while the 40-59 and 60+ groups increased or did not change. CONCLUSIONS Despite an overall decline in AUDIT scores, nearly one-quarter of Australians reported hazardous drinking. Implications for public health: The marked declines in hazardous drinking among young people are positive, but trends observed among those aged 40-59 and 60+ years suggests targeted interventions for older Australians are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Victoria
| | | | - Joseph S Doyle
- Burnet Institute, Victoria.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University, Victoria
| | - Paul M Dietze
- Burnet Institute, Victoria.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
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20
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Törrönen J, Samuelsson E, Roumeliotis F. Health, risk-taking and well-being: doing gender in relation to discourses and practices of heavy drinking and health among young people. HEALTH RISK & SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2020.1825640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Törrönen
- Department of Public Health Sciences/SoRAD, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Samuelsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences/SoRAD, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Raninen J, Livingston M. The theory of collectivity of drinking cultures: how alcohol became everyone's problem. Addiction 2020; 115:1773-1776. [PMID: 32196800 DOI: 10.1111/add.15057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Raninen
- CAN (Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs), Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Work, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Livingston
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden.,and Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Callinan S, Pennay A, Livingston M, Kuntsche E. Patterns of alcohol consumption in 16 cohorts of Australian young adults aged 15-24 between 2001 and 2016. Addiction 2020; 115:1452-1458. [PMID: 31863521 DOI: 10.1111/add.14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Repeated cross-sectional surveys have identified substantial declines in adolescent drinking in Australia and some other countries in recent years. There is debate about whether these declines will be maintained as the cohort ages. This study modelled alcohol consumption over time to check for cohort effects reflecting a decrease in youth consumption, and then used this model to predict how decreases in youth drinking will be sustained through to adulthood. DESIGN Longitudinal study using data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey from 2001 to 2016. Piecewise latent growth models were estimated to assess consumption trajectories for each birth cohort from ages 15-18 and 18-24 years. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS This study focused on 5320 (51.9% female) respondents aged between 15 and 22 in wave 1 (2001) to those aged between 17 and 24 in wave 16 (2016). MEASUREMENT Annual volume of alcohol consumption was calculated as the product of the quantity per occasion and the frequency of drinking expanded to represent drinking occasions per year. FINDINGS The model with best fit suggested that consumption increased rapidly [b = 0.667, standard error (SE) = 0.046, P < 0.001] until the legal drinking age of 18 and then plateaued (b = -0.027, SE = 0.016, P = 0.088). More recent cohorts start with significantly lower levels of consumption (b = -0.145, SE = 0.010; P < 0.001) but increase at a faster rate (b = 0.022, SE = 0.003, P < 0.001) between 15 and 18; however, not enough to catch up to earlier cohorts. CONCLUSION Recent decreases in adolescent drinking in Australia may, at least in part, be attributed to lower consumption in recent cohorts of younger drinkers. Results indicate that this group may continue to drink less than previous cohorts as they age into their twenties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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23
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Mojica‐Perez Y, Callinan S, Livingston M. Examining beverage‐specific trends in youth drinking in Australia before and after the implementation of the alcopops tax. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 39:246-254. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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24
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Oldham M, Callinan S, Whitaker V, Fairbrother H, Curtis P, Meier P, Livingston M, Holmes J. The decline in youth drinking in England-is everyone drinking less? A quantile regression analysis. Addiction 2020; 115:230-238. [PMID: 31560404 PMCID: PMC7004203 DOI: 10.1111/add.14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Youth alcohol consumption has declined significantly during the past 15 years in many high-income countries, which may have significant public health benefits. However, if the reductions in drinking occur mainly among lighter drinkers who are at lower risk, then rates of alcohol-related harm among young people today and adults in future may not fall in line with consumption. There is conflicting evidence from Swedish school studies, with some suggesting that all young people are drinking less, while others suggest that alcohol consumption among heavier drinkers may be stable or rising while average consumption declines. This paper extends the geographical focus of previous research and examines whether the decline in youth drinking is consistent across the consumption distribution in England. DESIGN Quantile regression of 15 waves of repeat cross-sectional survey data. SETTING England, 2001-16. PARTICIPANTS A total of 31 882 schoolchildren (50.7% male) aged 11-15 who responded to the Smoking Drinking and Drug Use among Young People surveys. MEASUREMENTS Past-week alcohol consumption in UK units at each fifth percentile of the consumption distribution. FINDINGS Reductions in alcohol consumption occurred at all percentiles of the consumption distribution analysed between 2001 and 2016, but the magnitude of the decline differed across percentiles. The decline in consumption at the 90th percentile [β = -0.21, confidence interval (CI) = -0.24, -0.18] was significantly larger than among either lighter drinkers at the 50th percentile (β = -0.02, CI = -0.02, -0.01) or heavier drinkers at the 95th percentile (β = -0.16, CI = -0.18, -0.13). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption among young people in England appears to be declining across the consumption distribution, and peaks among heavy drinkers. The magnitude of this decline differs significantly between percentiles of the consumption distribution, with consumption falling proportionally less among the lightest, moderate and very heaviest youth drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Oldham
- School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLaTrobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | | | | | - Penny Curtis
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Petra Meier
- School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - John Holmes
- School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Holmes J, Ally AK, Meier PS, Pryce R. The collectivity of British alcohol consumption trends across different temporal processes: a quantile age-period-cohort analysis. Addiction 2019; 114:1970-1980. [PMID: 31325193 DOI: 10.1111/add.14754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS UK alcohol consumption per capita has fallen by 18% since 2004, while the alcohol-specific death rate has risen by 6%. Inconsistent consumption trends across the population may explain this. Drawing on the theory of the collectivity of drinking cultures and age-period-cohort analyses, we tested whether consumption trends are consistent across lighter and heavier drinkers for three temporal processes: (i) the life-course, (ii) calendar time and (iii) successive birth cohorts. DESIGN Sex-specific quantile age-period-cohort regressions using repeat cross-sectional survey data. SETTING Great Britain, 1984-2011. PARTICIPANTS Adult (18+) drinkers responding to 17 waves of the General Lifestyle Survey (total n = 175 986). MEASUREMENTS Dependent variables: the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th and 99th quantiles of the logged weekly alcohol consumption distribution (excluding abstainers). INDEPENDENT VARIABLES seven age groups (18-24, 25-34… 65-74, 75+ years), five time-periods (1984-88… 2002-06, 2008-11) and 16 five-year birth cohorts (1915-19… 1990-94). Additional control variables: ethnicity and UK country. FINDINGS Within age, period and cohort trends, changes in consumption were not consistently in the same direction at different quantiles of the consumption distribution. When they were, the scale of change sometimes differed between quantiles. For example, between 1996-2000 and 2008-2011, consumption among women decreased by 18% [95% confidence interval (CI) = -32 to -2%] at the 10th quantile but increased by 11% (95% CI = 2-21%) at the median and by 28% (95% CI = 19-38%) at the 99th quantile, implying that consumption fell among lighter drinkers and rose among heavier drinkers. This type of polarized trend also occurred between 1984-88 and 1996-2000 for men and women. Age trends showed collectivity, but cohort trends showed a mixture of collectivity and polarization. CONCLUSIONS Countervailing alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm trends in the United Kingdom may be explained by lighter and heavier drinkers having different period and cohort trends, as well as by the presence of cohort trends that mean consumption may rise in some age groups while falling in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Holmes
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Abdallah K Ally
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Petra S Meier
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert Pryce
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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26
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Källmén H, Berman AH, Elgán TH, Wennberg P. Alcohol habits in Sweden during 1997-2018: a repeated cross-sectional study. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:522-526. [PMID: 31478780 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1660912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims: This study describes changes in alcohol habits in age and gender strata among the Swedish general population during the 21-year period following the Swedish EU membership in 1995. Methods: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was distributed as a postal questionnaire to randomly selected cross-sectional samples every fourth year, starting in 1997. Results: Six samples were included in this study. A comparison between 2014 and 2018 showed a tendency to decreasing average total AUDIT scores, particularly among men and in the youngest age group (Cohen's d = 0.28). Conclusion: The results should be understood in the context of declining response rates in this type of survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Källmén
- Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems (STAD) , Stockholm , Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anne H Berman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council , Stockholm , Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Tobias H Elgán
- Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems (STAD) , Stockholm , Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Peter Wennberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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Rogne AF, Pedersen W, Bakken A. Immigration and the decline in adolescent binge drinking. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 203:35-43. [PMID: 31401533 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent alcohol consumption has fallen in most Western countries over the past two decades, while immigrants and children of immigrants from low-consumption countries constitute a growing proportion of teenagers in many Western nations. We investigate the extent to which immigrants and children of immigrants have contributed to the decline in adolescent heavy episodic drinking in Oslo, the capital of Norway. METHODS We use repeated cross-sectional survey data on adolescents in grades 9-11 in Oslo (aged around 14-16, N = 54,474) from 1996 to 2018. We use data on heavy episodic drinking/intoxication in the past 12 months (dichotomized), immigrant background, sex and grade. We decompose the trend into components attributable to changes in the demographic composition of the adolescent population (by immigrant background, grade and sex), and to changes in drinking patterns within different groups. Confidence intervals (CIs) are obtained by bootstrap resampling. RESULTS The proportion of adolescents with immigrant backgrounds increased from 21% to 35% over the time span. The proportion reporting having been intoxicated fell from 42% to 25%. Most of the decline stems from reduced heavy episodic drinking in the majority population, accounting for 70.8% of the reduction (95% CI: 67.5-74.2). The increased proportion of adolescents with an immigrant background accounts for 21.4% of the decline (95% CI: 19.2-23.8). CONCLUSIONS An increasing proportion of immigrants and children of immigrants with low alcohol consumption explains one-fifth of the decline in the prevalence of adolescent heavy episodic drinking in Oslo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Farner Rogne
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1096, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Willy Pedersen
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1096, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Section for Youth Research, Norwegian Social Research, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anders Bakken
- Section for Youth Research, Norwegian Social Research, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
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Radaev V, Roshchina Y. Young cohorts of Russians drink less: age-period-cohort modelling of alcohol use prevalence 1994-2016. Addiction 2019; 114:823-835. [PMID: 30552861 DOI: 10.1111/add.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Young Russians have been drinking less alcohol, and fewer strong spirits in particular, in recent years. This study aimed to disentangle age, period and birth cohort effects for the first time in Russia to improve our understanding of these trends. DESIGN Age, period and cohort analysis of annual nationally representative repeated cross-sectional surveys [Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey- Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE)] using separate logistic models for each gender. SETTING Russia 1994-2016. PARTICIPANTS A total of 195 234 respondents aged 14-85 years. MEASUREMENTS Age (14 groups: 14-17 to 76+ years), period (21 years: 1994-2016) and birth cohorts (17 groups: 1920-24 to 2000-02). Outcome measures were 30-day overall and beverage-specific alcohol use prevalence accounting for vodka, moonshine, beer and wine. Controls were per capita income, education, marital status, ethnicity, residence type and regional climate. FINDINGS Controlling for age and period effects, the most recent cohorts had lower rates of participation than older cohorts. Findings were valid for females born in 1995-2002 (P = 0.000) and males born in 1990-94 (P = 0.002) and 1995-2002 (P = 0.000). The period effects were strong in 1994-2003 due to intensive substitution of beer in place of vodka. Period effects were also important in determining a decline of prevalence in 2008-15 due to restrictive alcohol policy. Age effects showed an inverse U-shaped trend in both genders, except for moonshine and wine. Overall, drinking profiles were beverage-specific. Models indicated diverse beverage-specific effects of income, ethnicity, education, marital status and residence on the prevalence of alcohol use. CONCLUSION The recent downward trend in alcohol use in Russia appears to be attributable to reduced participation rates among younger cohorts born after 1990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Radaev
- Laboratory for Studies in Economic Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yana Roshchina
- Laboratory for Studies in Economic Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
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29
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Carlson P. Declining alcohol consumption among adolescents and schools in Stockholm, 2010-2016. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2019; 36:344-356. [PMID: 32934572 PMCID: PMC7434179 DOI: 10.1177/1455072519835710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The principle aim of this study was to investigate changes in alcohol consumption among adolescents in Stockholm from 2010 to 2016. A further aim was to investigate whether there are divergent or similar trends in alcohol consumption among elementary schools in Stockholm from 2010 to 2016 and, if there are diverging trends, to examine how the differences might be explained. Methods: Data were analysed using multilevel mixed effects linear regression, in which individual students represented one level and schools the second level. Data: Student-level data were derived from the Stockholm School Survey for the years 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016 (n = 15481). School-level data (n = 132) were derived from registries of the Swedish National Agency for Education. Results: The results showed that there was an almost 45% decline in total alcohol consumption among ninth-grade students in Stockholm between 2010 and 2016. The decline was similar among all analysed consumption groups. Two factors were found to statistically explain some of the general decline: more restrictive parental attitudes towards alcohol and, more importantly, decreasing alcohol consumption among the students’ peers. The downward trends among schools between 2010 and 2016 were universal but not identical, but when parental attitudes towards alcohol and peers’ alcohol behaviour were controlled for, the diverging school trends in alcohol consumption were considerably more equal. Conclusions: School constitutes a social context for the student of which both parents and peers are important parts, and the diverging changes may be due to the norms and behaviours, influenced by parents and peers, characterising these schools.
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Törrönen J, Roumeliotis F, Samuelsson E, Kraus L, Room R. Why are young people drinking less than earlier? Identifying and specifying social mechanisms with a pragmatist approach. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2019; 64:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hardcastle SJ, O'Connor M, Breen LJ. Exploration of young adults' influences on, and consequences of, avoiding alcohol consumption. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:831-840. [PMID: 30618328 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1546744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a wealth of research on motives for alcohol consumption among young people. However, little is known about motives to avoid alcohol in this population. OBJECTIVES The study purpose was to explore what influences young adults' decisions to avoid alcohol and their motives to avoid alcohol. METHODS Face-to-face, semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted in 2015 with young adults (n = 30, Mage = 21.13 years, SD = 2.05) living in Australia who did not consume alcohol regularly. Interviews were analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS Thematic analysis resulted in seven themes: being in control; avoiding negative health consequences; taste; socialization influences; being left out; peer pressure; strategies to curb excessive alcohol consumption. Conclusions/Importance: Findings from the present study contribute to the literature in identifying coping strategies that participants adopted when faced with questions concerning their abstinence. The data provide evidence that, even in a minority, strong identities and beliefs appear to be a robust means to counteract pressure to conform to the social norm to consume alcohol. Findings may inform the (1) development of youth-centered interventions that target values and social norms to help build resistance to pressures to consume alcohol from peers and the wider community and (2) creation of opportunities and promotion of activities that are fun and alcohol free.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moira O'Connor
- a School of Psychology, Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Lauren J Breen
- a School of Psychology, Curtin University , Perth , Australia
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32
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Olsson G, Brolin Låftman S, Modin B. Problematic familial alcohol use and adolescents’ heavy drinking: can conditions in school compensate for the increased risk of heavy drinking among adolescents from families with problematic alcohol use? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2018.1532918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Olsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bitte Modin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Kremer P, Crooks N, Rowland B, Hall J, Toumbourou JW. Underage alcohol sales in community sporting clubs. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:879-886. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kremer
- Centre for Sport Research; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
| | | | - Bosco Rowland
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
| | - Jessica Hall
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
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34
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Caluzzi G. Changing but resistant: the importance of integrating heavier young drinkers within a declining drinking culture. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2018.1498457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Caluzzi
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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35
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Gripe I, Danielsson AK, Ramstedt M. Are changes in drinking related to changes in cannabis use among Swedish adolescents? A time-series analysis for the period 1989-2016. Addiction 2018; 113:1643-1650. [PMID: 29679954 DOI: 10.1111/add.14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine if changes in alcohol consumption are associated with changes in cannabis use among Swedish adolescents in a period of diverging trends, and to investigate if cannabis and alcohol act as complements or substitutes. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS Data comprise a nationally representative annual school survey of alcohol and drug habits among Swedish 9th-grade students (aged 15-16 years) covering years 1989-2016 (n = 149 603). Alcohol and cannabis use were measured concurrently and alcohol consumption was measured in litres of 100% alcohol per year. Frequency of cannabis use was transformed into a mean using category mid-points. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time-series analysis was used to estimate the association between cannabis and alcohol use. To elucidate changes in the association during the study period, two subperiods (2000-16 and 1989-99) were analysed. FINDINGS There was a positive and statistically significant association between changes in alcohol consumption and changes in frequency of cannabis use among cannabis users for the period 1989-2016. A 1-litre increase in mean alcohol consumption was associated with a 0.28 increase in frequency of cannabis use (P = 0.010). The corresponding increase for the period 1989-99 was 0.52 (P = 0.003). When restricting the analysis to 2000-16, the association was not statistically significant (P = 0.735). When analysing all adolescents we found no statistically significant association between changes in alcohol consumption and changes in frequency of cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS From 1989 to 2016 there appears to be a positive association between alcohol and cannabis consumption among Swedish adolescents who use cannabis. This association seems to have become weaker over time, suggesting that alcohol and cannabis are neither substitutes nor complements among Swedish adolescents and that the recent decline in youth drinking is not associated with the increase in frequency of cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Gripe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Ramstedt
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Pape H, Rossow I, Brunborg GS. Adolescents drink less: How, who and why? A review of the recent research literature. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 1:S98-S114. [PMID: 29573020 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ISSUES Today's teenagers have been described as a sober generation and we asked: 'What is known about the recent decline in youth drinking?' APPROACH A literature review (2005-2017). KEY FINDINGS Research from wealthier parts of the world provides solid evidence of less alcohol use by youth since the millennium shift. Some studies show that this is reflected at all levels of consumption, but there are also indications that the heaviest drinkers have not reduced their drinking. The decrease is predominately seen in underage youth, and has been larger for boys than for girls in several countries. Teenagers across social strata drink less, but some disadvantaged subgroups have not followed the downward trend. Underage drinkers have apparently not become a more deviant group as the prevalence of drinking has dropped, indicating no hardening of the group. The major gap in the literature pertains to the issue of underlying driving forces. We found no evidence in support of the widespread assumption that the digital revolution has been of importance. A decline in parenting practices that are conductive to underage drinking has occurred in several countries, but studies examining whether these changes have contributed to less alcohol use by youth are almost non-existent. IMPLICATIONS To inform alcohol policy and prevention, it is imperative to find out why teenage drinking has decreased in a fairly consistent way across numerous countries. CONCLUSION Future research into the issue of falling prevalence rates of youth drinking should focus on possible explanatory factors at the population level rather than at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Pape
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,The Research Department, University College of Norwegian Prison Service, Lillestrøm, Norway
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37
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Raninen J, Livingston M, Karlsson P, Leifman H, Guttormsson U, Svensson J, Larm P. One explanation to rule them all? Identifying sub-groups of non-drinking Swedish ninth graders. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 1:S42-S48. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Raninen
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael Livingston
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research; La Trobe University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Social Work; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Håkan Leifman
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ulf Guttormsson
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peter Larm
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare; Mälardalen University; Västerås Sweden
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Bräker AB, Soellner R. Is Drinking Contagious? An Analysis of the Collectivity of Drinking Behavior Theory Within a Multilevel Framework. Alcohol Alcohol 2017; 52:692-698. [PMID: 29016725 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid B Bräker
- University of Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Renate Soellner
- University of Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
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Norström T, Raninen J. Drinking trajectories of at-risk groups: Does the theory of the collectivity of drinking apply? Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 37 Suppl 1:S15-S21. [PMID: 28766789 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Alcohol consumption among Swedish adolescents has halved during the last decade. We aim to: (i) investigate whether the overall decrease in drinking may conceal an underlying heterogeneity in drinking trajectories across at-risk groups that differ with respect to risk for drinking and; (ii) assess to what degree alcohol-related harm has responded to this decrease. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from the nationally representative annual school survey of alcohol and drug habits among Swedish ninth-grade students covering the period 2000-2012 (n ≈ 5000/year). Respondents were divided into five at-risk groups ranging from low to high based on their relative ranking on a risk scale for drinking. Alcohol consumption was measured by beverage-specific quantity and frequency items summarised into a measure of overall drinking in litres of 100% alcohol per year. Alcohol-related harm was measured by eight items asking about whether the respondent had experienced various alcohol-related negative consequences. RESULTS Drinking and alcohol-related harm decreased in all five at-risk groups. There was a marked relation between the overall consumption and the mean consumption in each of the five at-risk groups. Self-reported alcohol-related harm decreased during the study period to an extent that was expected from the decrease in alcohol consumption. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption among Swedish youth has declined in five groups that were delineated based on their relative ranking on a risk factor index. The findings are consistent with Skog's theory of the collectivity of drinking behaviour. [Norström T, Raninen J. Drinking trajectories of at-risk groups: Does the theory of the collectivity of drinking apply?.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Norström
- Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dietze P, Agius PA, Livingston M, Callinan S, Jenkinson R, Lim MSC, Wright CJC, Room R. Correlates of alcohol consumption on heavy drinking occasions of young risky drinkers: event versus personal characteristics. Addiction 2017; 112:1369-1377. [PMID: 28345281 DOI: 10.1111/add.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD) by young people is a serious public health issue, yet little is known about the specific circumstances of risky drinking occasions. This study examined the independent effects of event- and individual-specific variables on RSOD. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study measuring self-reported RSOD and event- and individual-specific variables across two drinking occasions approximately 1 year apart. SETTING Metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 710 young risky drinkers aged between 18 and 25 years and defined as engaging in risky drinking practices (males: consumed alcohol in excess of 10 Australian Standard Drinks (ASD: 10 g ethanol) in a single occasion in the previous year; females: consumed alcohol in excess of seven ASD for females in a single occasion in the previous year). MEASUREMENTS Random digit-dial telephone landline survey of the most recent heavy drinking occasion and socio-demographic variables. The primary outcome was the log of the total drinks consumed in the most recent heavy drinking occasion. Event-specific (e.g. number of drinking locations) and time-varying (e.g. weekly income) and time-invariant (e.g. sex) individual-specific variables were examined as correlates of total drinks consumed. FINDINGS Changes in event-specific characteristics including the length of the drinking occasion (Likelihood Ratio χ2 (2) = 24.4, P < 0.001), the number of drinking locations (Wald χ2(1) = 7.6, P = 0.006) and the number of different drink types (Wald χ2(1) = 13.6, P < 0.001) were associated with increases in total drinks consumed, after adjustment for time-invariant and time-variant individual-specific variables such as gender, income level and weekly consumption. Few other effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS Event-specific characteristics are important predictors of the number of drinks consumed during risky single occasion drinking (RSOD) and illustrate the importance of event contexts when considering interventions targeting RSOD. The total number of drinks consumed in a RSOD session appears to rise independently with the duration of the drinking event, the number of drinking locations and the number of different types of beverage consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dietze
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Agius
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Jenkinson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan S C Lim
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra J C Wright
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Livingston M, Callinan S, Raninen J, Pennay A, Dietze PM. Alcohol consumption trends in Australia: Comparing surveys and sales-based measures. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 37 Suppl 1:S9-S14. [PMID: 28741874 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Survey data remain a crucial means for monitoring alcohol consumption, but there has been limited work done to ensure that surveys adequately capture changes in per-capita consumption in Australia. In this study, we explore how trends in consumption from two major Australian surveys compare with an official measure of per-capita consumption between 2001 and 2014 and examine age-specific trends in drinking. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were from five waves of the cross-sectional National Health Survey (total n = 113 279) and 12 waves of the longitudinal Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Study (average n = 12 347). Overall and age-specific estimates of annual alcohol consumption were derived and compared with official per-capita consumption and previous analyses of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey. RESULTS In terms of overall consumption, both surveys broadly reflected trends in per-capita consumption, especially the decline that has been observed since 2007/2008. Age-specific trends were broadly similar, with the recent decline in consumption clearly concentrated among teenagers and young adults. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The main Australian monitoring surveys remain useful monitoring tools for alcohol consumption in Australia. There is consistent evidence that the recent declines in Australian per-capita consumption have been driven by sharp falls in drinking among young people, a trend that requires further study. [Livingston M, Callinan S, Raninen J, Pennay A, Dietze PM. Alcohol consumption trends in Australia: Comparing surveys and sales-based measures. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000-000].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Thor S, Raninen J, Landberg J. More Drinking, More Problems-Stable Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Harm Among Swedish Youth 1995-2012. Alcohol Alcohol 2017; 52:358-364. [PMID: 28052857 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Alcohol consumption among Swedish youth increased during the 1990s. In the following decade, levels declined coinciding with a reduction in the prevalence of self-reported alcohol-related harm. We examine how the trend in self-reported alcohol-related problems among young Swedish alcohol consumers has followed the trend in alcohol consumption during 1995-2012, and test whether the strength of the association between self-reported alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems within individuals is inversely proportional to the overall level of consumption among youth. Methods The study was based on a representative survey on alcohol and drug habits among ninth-year students, consisting of current alcohol consumers (n = 68 863), 1995-2012. Negative binominal regression models were used to estimate the relationship between three consumption variables (average volume of consumption, binge drinking and heavy drinking) and self-reported alcohol-related problems. Results The prevalence of binge drinking showed a greater association with self-reported alcohol-related problems than did overall mean consumption. No noticeable variation in the strength of the individual-level alcohol and harm relationship was found over the study period. We found no significant interaction between the individual alcohol use measures and overall mean youth consumption. Conclusion We found no signs of normalization; on the contrary, young alcohol consumers suffer about the same number of self-reported negative consequences from their drinking, regardless of the level of overall youth consumption. The study also suggests that binge drinking rather than overall consumption is the main factor that influences the development of self-reported problems experienced among young alcohol consumers. Short summary Young alcohol consumers suffer about the same number of self-reported negative consequences from their drinking, regardless of the level of overall mean consumption in the youth population. Binge drinking consumption appears to be the main factor influencing the development of self-reported alcohol-related problems among young alcohol consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Thor
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Landberg
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nelson JP, McNall AD. What happens to drinking when alcohol policy changes? A review of five natural experiments for alcohol taxes, prices, and availability. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2017; 18:417-434. [PMID: 27055901 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-016-0795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural experiments are an important alternative to observational and econometric studies. This paper provides a review of results from empirical studies of alcohol policy interventions in five countries: Denmark, Finland, Hong Kong, Sweden, and Switzerland. Major policy changes were removal of quotas on travelers' tax-free imports and reductions in alcohol taxes. A total of 29 primary articles are reviewed, which contain 35 sets of results for alcohol consumption by various subpopulations and time periods. For each country, the review summarizes and examines: (1) history of tax/quota policy interventions and price changes; (2) graphical trends for alcohol consumption and liver disease mortality; and (3) empirical results for policy effects on alcohol consumption and drinking patterns. We also compare cross-country results for three select outcomes-binge drinking, alcohol consumption by youth and young adults, and heavy consumption by older adults. Overall, we find a lack of consistent results for consumption both within- and across-countries, with a general finding that alcohol tax interventions had selective, rather than broad, impacts on subpopulations and drinking patterns. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon P Nelson
- Pennsylvania State University, 609 Kern Building, University Park, PA, 16802-3306, USA.
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Lintonen T, Nevalainen J. Has the role of personal income in alcohol drinking among teenagers changed between 1983 and 2013: a series of nationally representative surveys in Finland. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013994. [PMID: 28416499 PMCID: PMC5775469 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Affordability is known to be a key determinant of alcohol consumption, possibly even more important in adolescence. Relating adolescent drinking pattern developments over a period of time to trends in adolescent income can yield information on the significance of parental control of adolescent income. DESIGN Biannual repeated cross-sectional surveys. SETTING Nationally representative samples. PARTICIPANTS 14-year-old adolescents in the period 1983-2013 in Finland (N=33 771). RESULTS Adolescents' alcohol drinking pattern was significantly associated with their disposable income. The OR for monthly drunkenness versus abstinence was 6.6 (95% CI 5.0 to 8.8) among girls and 9.0 (6.3 to 13.0) among boys in the highest income group compared with the lowest. However, the association between income and drinking pattern weakened considerably during the 30-year period. CONCLUSIONS Disposable income has been a significant predictor of adolescent alcohol drinking in the past 30 years. However, in the recent years, the amount of disposable money has decreased in importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Lintonen
- Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Tampere, School of Health Sciences, Tampere, Finland
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45
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Zeebari Z, Lundin A, Dickman PW, Hallgren M. Are Changes in Alcohol Consumption Among Swedish Youth Really Occurring ‘in Concert’? A New Perspective Using Quantile Regression. Alcohol Alcohol 2017; 52:487-495. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Brunborg GS, Andreas JB, Kvaavik E. Social Media Use and Episodic Heavy Drinking Among Adolescents. Psychol Rep 2017; 120:475-490. [DOI: 10.1177/0033294117697090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Little is known about the consequences of adolescent social media use. The current study estimated the association between the amount of time adolescents spend on social media and the risk of episodic heavy drinking. Methods A school-based self-report cross-sectional study including 851 Norwegian middle and high school students (46.1% boys). Measures: frequency and quantity of social media use. Frequency of drinking four or six (girls and boys, respectively) alcoholic drinks during a single day (episodic heavy drinking). The MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale – Brief, the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items for Adolescents, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Peer Relationship problems scale, gender, and school grade. Results Greater amount of time spent on social media was associated with greater likelihood of episodic heavy drinking among adolescents ( OR = 1.12, 95% CI (1.05, 1.19), p = 0.001), even after adjusting for school grade, impulsivity, sensation seeking, symptoms of depression, and peer relationship problems. Conclusion The results from the current study indicate that more time spent on social media is related to greater likelihood of episodic heavy drinking among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Scott Brunborg
- Department of Substance Use, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Elisabeth Kvaavik
- Department of Drug Policy, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Lintonen T, Härkönen J, Raitasalo K, Härkänen T, Mäkelä P. Decreasing adolescent drinking: Is there evidence of a continuation into future adult cohorts? APC analysis of adolescent drinking in Finland, 1983–2013. Scand J Public Health 2016; 44:654-662. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494816665505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Unlike adults, abstaining has increased and regular use of alcohol has decreased among 12–16-year-olds over the past two decades. The paper studies whether these developments will be continued as the adolescent cohorts come of age. Methods: The Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey is a nationally representative monitoring system of the health habits of 12-, 14-, 16-, and 18-year-old Finns, conducted biannually between 1981 and 2013. The prevalence of alcohol use and drunkenness were measured for each 5-year cohort born in 1967–1995. Age-by-cohort trajectories and hierarchical age–period–cohort (APC) modeling were used to assess effects of age, period, and birth cohort. Results: Cohorts differentiate for underage drinking, but not at the age of 18. The younger cohorts postpone their drinking debut compared with older cohorts and thus age profiles are steeper than before. The most recent cohorts born in the 1990s, and the oldest cohorts born in 1967–71, have the highest prevalence in abstinence but drinking has been more prevalent for cohorts born in 1973–1989. APC modeling confirms significant cohort effects, but no significant decrease in drinking or drunkenness at the age of 18 years. Some of the changes can also be attributed to period effects. Conclusions: Despite the decrease in underage drinking in Finland, 18-year-olds continue to drink similarly from cohort to another. Postponing the onset of drinking has a preventive effect on alcohol-related harms, but a reduction in drinking among adult cohorts is not evident in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Lintonen
- Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Tampere, School of Health Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Janne Härkönen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tommi Härkänen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Mäkelä
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Kristiansen L, Holmstrom MR, Olofsson N. Assessing the Construct Validity and Reliability of School Health Records Using the 'Health Dialogue Questionnaire' in the Eleventh Grade. AIMS Public Health 2016; 3:470-486. [PMID: 29546177 PMCID: PMC5689811 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.3.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim for this study was to assess the construct validity and reliability of the Health Dialogue Questionnaire (HDQ©) for eleventh grade in school through comparison of the HDQ© with Paediatric Quality Of Life Inventory (PedsQL™), Local monitoring of youth policy questionnaire (LUPP®), Health behaviour in Swedish school-aged children (HBSC©), Equal health (EH©) and The Swedish Survey Youth on Alcohol Consumption (SSYAC©). METHODS Cross-sectional samples of eleventh graders from the academic year 2009/2010 was used from the HDQ© (n = 2752), the HBSC© (n = 2090), the PedsQL™ (n = 666), the "LUPP®" questionnaires (n = 2400), EH© (n = 258), and SSYAC© (n = 1748) in the academic year 2009/2010. A comparison between HDQ© and the different proxies was done. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed as well as a Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix (MTMM), in order to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of HDQ©. RESULTS An average disagreement between HDQ© and proxies with 10 percentages was found. Exploratory factor analysis of HDQ© on the 2009/2010 sample suggested a four factor solution (girls factor solution 65% of total variance explained, and in the boys' solution 59% of total variance explained). A second sample 2010/2011 of eleventh graders were used for the confirmatory solution. Almost perfectly similar four factor solutions with were found (girls 58% of total variance explained and boys 56% of the total variance explained). Using MTMM the reliability was generally high and HDQ© and showed agreeable validity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The HDQ© questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring eleventh graders self-reported-health in school.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niclas Olofsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
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49
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Pennay A, Livingston M, MacLean S. Young people are drinking less: It is time to find out why. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; 34:115-8. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research; Turning Point; Eastern Health; Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Health Equity; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research; Turning Point; Eastern Health; Melbourne Australia
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Sarah MacLean
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research; Turning Point; Eastern Health; Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Health Equity; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
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