1
|
Bianco R, Speciani MC, Parpinel M, Tesi M, Ferraroni M, Edefonti V. Are Major a Posteriori Dietary Patterns Reproducible in the Italian Population? A Systematic Review and Quantitative Assessment. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100165. [PMID: 38145798 PMCID: PMC10818059 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a posteriori dietary patterns (DPs) naturally reflect actual dietary behavior in a population, their specificity limits generalizability. Among other issues, the absence of a standardized approach to analysis have further hindered discovery of genuinely reproducible DPs across studies from the same/similar populations. A systematic review on a posteriori DPs from principal component analysis or exploratory factor analysis (EFA) across study populations from Italy provides the basis to explore assessment and drivers of DP reproducibility in a case study of epidemiological interest. First to our knowledge, we carried out a qualitative (i.e., similarity plots built on text descriptions) and quantitative (i.e., congruence coefficients, CCs) assessment of DP reproducibility. The 52 selected articles were published in 2001-2022 and represented dietary habits in 1965-2022 from 70% of the Italian regions; children/adolescents, pregnancy/breastfeeding women, and elderly were considered in 15 articles. The included studies mainly derived EFA-based DPs on food groups from food frequency questionnaires and were of "good quality" according to standard scales. Based on text descriptions, the 186 identified DPs were collapsed into 113 (69 food-based and 44 nutrient-based) apparently different DPs (39.3% reduction), later summarized along with the 3 "Mixed-Salad/Vegetable-based Patterns," "Pasta-and-Meat-oriented/Starchy Patterns," and "Dairy Products" and "Sweets/Animal-based Patterns" groups, by matching similar food-based and nutrient-based groups of collapsed DPs. Based on CCs (215 CCs, 68 DPs, 18 articles using the same input lists), all pairs of DPs showing the same/similar names were at least "fairly similar" and ∼81% were "equivalent." The 30 "equivalent" DPs ended up into 6 genuinely different DPs (80% reduction) that targeted fruits and (raw) vegetables, pasta and meat combined, and cheese and deli meats. Such reduction reflects the same study design, list of input variables, and DP identification method followed across articles from the same groups. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022341037.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Bianco
- Department of Medicine (DMED), Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michela C Speciani
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro," Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine (DMED), Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Tesi
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro," Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro," Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro," Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang J, Li L, Li L, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Xiao X. Lipid metabolism reprogramming in head and neck cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1271505. [PMID: 37927468 PMCID: PMC10622980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1271505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming is one of the most prominent metabolic anomalies in cancer, wherein cancer cells undergo dysregulation of lipid metabolism to acquire adequate energy, cell membrane building blocks, as well as signaling molecules essential for cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis. These adaptations enable cancer cells to effectively respond to challenges posed by the tumor microenvironment, leading to cancer therapy resistance and poor cancer prognosis. Head and neck cancer, ranking as the seventh most prevalent cancer, exhibits numerous abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, the precise role of lipid metabolic rewiring in head and neck cancer remains unclear. In line with the LIPID MAPS Lipid Classification System and cancer risk factors, the present review delves into the dysregulated molecules and pathways participating in the process of lipid uptake, biosynthesis, transportation, and catabolism. We also present an overview of the latest advancements in understanding alterations in lipid metabolism and how they intersect with the carcinogenesis, development, treatment, and prognosis of head and neck cancer. By shedding light on the significance of metabolic therapy, we aspire to improve the overall prognosis and treatment outcomes of head and neck cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Limei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meliante PG, Petrella C, Fiore M, Minni A, Barbato C. Antioxidant Use after Diagnosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): A Systematic Review of Application during Radiotherapy and in Second Primary Cancer Prevention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1753. [PMID: 37760056 PMCID: PMC10525582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5-20% of HNSCC patients experience second primary cancers within the first 5 years of treatment, contributing to high mortality rates. Epidemiological evidence has linked a low dietary intake of antioxidants to an increased risk of cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma, prompting research into their potential in neoplasm chemoprevention. Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for HNSCC, and a diet rich in antioxidants offers protective effects against head and neck cancer. Paradoxically, smokers, who are at the highest risk, tend to consume fewer antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables. This has led to the hypothesis that integrating antioxidants into the diet could play a role in both primary and secondary prevention for at-risk individuals. Furthermore, some HNSCC patients use antioxidant supplements during chemotherapy or radiotherapy to manage side effects, but their impact on cancer outcomes remains uncertain. This systematic review explores the evidence for the potential use of antioxidants in preventing second primary cancers in HNSCC patients. In conclusion, none of the antioxidants tested so far (α-tocopherol, β-carotene, JP, Isotretinoin, interferon α-2a, vitamin E, retinyl palmitate, N-acetylcysteine) was effective in preventing second primary tumors in HNSCC patients, and they could only be used in reducing the side effects of radiotherapy. Further research is needed to better understand the interplay between antioxidants and cancer outcomes in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Giuseppe Meliante
- Department of Sense Organs DOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Department of Sense Organs DOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Department of Sense Organs DOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sense Organs DOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy;
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Christian Barbato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Department of Sense Organs DOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kabzinski J, Kucharska-Lusina A, Majsterek I. RNA-Based Liquid Biopsy in Head and Neck Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:1916. [PMID: 37508579 PMCID: PMC10377854 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a prevalent and diverse group of malignancies with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection and monitoring of HNC are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Liquid biopsy, a non-invasive diagnostic approach, has emerged as a promising tool for cancer detection and monitoring. In this article, we review the application of RNA-based liquid biopsy in HNC. Various types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), are explored as potential biomarkers in HNC liquid-based diagnostics. The roles of RNAs in HNC diagnosis, metastasis, tumor resistance to radio and chemotherapy, and overall prognosis are discussed. RNA-based liquid biopsy holds great promise for the early detection, prognosis, and personalized treatment of HNC. Further research and validation are necessary to translate these findings into clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kabzinski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, MolecoLAB A6, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kucharska-Lusina
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, MolecoLAB A6, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, MolecoLAB A6, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Starska-Kowarska K. Dietary Carotenoids in Head and Neck Cancer-Molecular and Clinical Implications. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030531. [PMID: 35276890 PMCID: PMC8838110 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most common cancers in the world according to GLOBCAN. In 2018, it was reported that HNC accounts for approximately 3% of all human cancers (51,540 new cases) and is the cause of nearly 1.5% of all cancer deaths (10,030 deaths). Despite great advances in treatment, HNC is indicated as a leading cause of death worldwide. In addition to having a positive impact on general health, a diet rich in carotenoids can regulate stages in the course of carcinogenesis; indeed, strong epidemiological associations exist between dietary carotenoids and HNS, and it is presumed that diets with carotenoids can even reduce cancer risk. They have also been proposed as potential chemotherapeutic agents and substances used in chemoprevention of HNC. The present review discusses the links between dietary carotenoids and HNC. It examines the prospective anticancer effect of dietary carotenoids against intracellular cell signalling and mechanisms, oxidative stress regulation, as well as their impact on apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoprevention; it also provides an overview of the limited preclinical and clinical research published in this arena. Recent epidemiological, key opinion-forming systematic reviews, cross-sectional, longitudinal, prospective, and interventional studies based on in vitro and animal models of HNC also indicate that high carotenoid content obtained from daily supplementation has positive effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of HNC. This article presents these results according to their increasing clinical credibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Starska-Kowarska
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; ; Tel.: +48-604-541-412
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EnelMed Center Expert, Lodz, Drewnowska 58, 91-001 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Golburean O, Hagen MH, Uncuta D, Tighineanu M, Manrikyan G, Vardanian I, Andresen C, Singh B, Porosencova T, Ivasiuc I, Cheptanaru O, Markaryan M, Shakavets N, Sapkota D, Søland TM, Costea DE, Özkaya F. Knowledge, opinions, and practices related to oral cancer prevention and oral mucosal examination among dentists in Moldova, Belarus and Armenia: a multi-country cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:652. [PMID: 34922498 PMCID: PMC8684171 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-02011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Moldova, Belarus, and Armenia are post-Soviet countries with a high rate of heavy smokers and a relatively high age-standardized incidence of oral cancer. However, to our knowledge, there is lack of available information on dentists’ knowledge on prevention of oral cancer in the countries in question. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, opinions, and practices related to oral cancer prevention and oral mucosal examination among dentists in Moldova, Belarus, and Armenia.
Methods
This was a multi-country, cross-sectional study based on a self-administered questionnaire. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 3534 dentists (797 in Chisinau, Moldova, 1349 in Minsk, Belarus, and 1388 in Yerevan, Armenia). Dentists' knowledge about risk factors for oral cancer development and its clinical picture, current practices and opinions with regard to oral mucosal screening and oral cancer prevention, and their consistency to perform oral mucosal examination were assessed. A knowledge score ranging from 0 to 14 points was generated based on each dentist’s answer to the questionnaire.
Results
A total of 1316 dentists responded, achieving an overall response rate of 37.2% (34.5% in Moldova; 52.3% in Belarus; 24.2% in Armenia). Most dentists in the three countries correctly identified tobacco (83.8–98.2%) and prior oral cancer lesions (84.0–96.3%) as risk factors for oral cancer. Most dentists correctly identified leukoplakia as a lesion with malignant potential (68.7% in Moldova; 88.5% in Belarus; 69.9% in Armenia), while erythroplakia was identified by much fewer in all three countries. Less than 52% of dentists identified the tongue, rim of tongue, and floor of mouth as the most common sites for oral cancer. The mean knowledge score for all countries combined was 7.5 ± 2.7. The most commonly reported barriers to perform oral mucosal examination were lack of training, knowledge, and experience.
Conclusions
This study highlights the need for improved oral cancer-related education and training on oral mucosal examination for dentists in Moldova, Belarus, and Armenia. Such skills are essential to enhance oral cancer prevention and to improve the prognostic outcome by early detection.
Collapse
|
7
|
De Vito R, Bellio R, Trippa L, Parmigiani G. Bayesian multistudy factor analysis for high-throughput biological data. Ann Appl Stat 2021. [DOI: 10.1214/21-aoas1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruggero Bellio
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Udine
| | - Lorenzo Trippa
- Department of Data Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roi A, Roi CI, Andreescu NI, Riviş M, Badea ID, Meszaros N, Rusu LC, Iurciuc S. Oral cancer histopathological subtypes in association with risk factors: a 5-year retrospective study. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:1213-1220. [PMID: 34171069 PMCID: PMC8343614 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oral cancer is a worldwide public health problem, being the sixth most common neoplasm. The high mortality rate of this type of cancer is due to a delayed diagnosis, a fast evolution and metastasis, no primary symptomatology, the multitude of risk factors and the lack of awareness among the population concerning oral malignancy. Aim: The aim of this 5-year retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of oral cancer patients in the Clinic of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Emergency County Hospital, Timişoara, Romania and quantify the histopathological (HP) subtypes, localization, age, gender, tumor staging and differentiation, positive loco-regional lymph nodes and risk factors. Patients, Materials and Methods: A number of 129 patients diagnosed with oral cancer were included in the study and their medical records were analyzed. A statistical analysis was performed that included the variables gender, age, tumor staging, differentiation grade, HP subtype, lymph nodes, localization, and risk factors. Results: Our results outlined a high prevalence of oral cancer among males (65.9%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common HP subtype. Tumor staging revealed the fact that the majority of were T3 and T4 tumors with dissemination in the loco-regional lymph nodes. In 52% of the cases, tobacco was identified as a risk factor, and the association of tobacco and alcohol was present in 28.3% of the cases. Conclusions: The early diagnosis is crucial for the improvement of oral cancer survival rate. The oral cavity is permanently exposed to carcinogenic substances that associated with other risk factors have an influence upon the incidence of oral malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Roi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania; ,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Diet Quality as Measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 and Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Risk. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 122:1677-1687.e5. [PMID: 34127426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and tobacco are the major risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer, but diet is likely to have a role, too. OBJECTIVE The objective was to analyze the relationship between adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), and oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. Moreover, this work aimed to quantify the number of avoidable cases under different scenarios of increased adherence to the DGA, with the use of the potential impact fraction. This estimates the proportion of cases that would occur if the distribution of the risk factor in the population followed an alternative distribution. DESIGN A multicenter, case-control study was conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2009. Participants' usual diet for the 2 years preceding study enrolment was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Cases were 946 patients admitted to major hospitals with incident, histologically confirmed oral and pharyngeal cancer. Controls were 2,492 patients admitted to the same hospitals for acute non neoplastic conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The adherence to the DGA was assessed using the HEI-2015 score (range = 0 to 100), based on 13 components. The outcome was oral and pharyngeal cancer. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Odds ratios and the corresponding 95% CIs were estimated using multiple logistic regression models adjusted for tobacco, alcohol, and other relevant covariates. The potential impact fraction was estimated under different scenarios of adherence to the DGA. RESULTS In this Italian population the HEI-2015 score ranged from 33.4 to 97.5. A higher HEI-2015 score was associated with a lower risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer, with an odds ratio of 0.70 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.79) for a 10-point increment of the score. The estimated potential impact fraction was 64.8% under the maximum achievable reduction scenario, and it ranged from 9% to 27% following other more feasible scenarios. CONCLUSIONS The HEI-2015 score was inversely related to oral and pharyngeal cancer risk in this Italian population. This analysis allowed for the estimation of the fraction of preventable cases, under different feasible scenarios. A share of 9% to 27% of avoidable cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer might be obtained across real-world scenarios of adherence to the DGA as measured by the HEI-2015 score.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wilcock J, Grafton-Clarke C. Diagnostic intervals in oropharyngeal cancers from a primary care perspective: a ten-year case note review. Br Dent J 2021:10.1038/s41415-021-2947-6. [PMID: 33986482 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Rates of oropharyngeal (OP) cancer are increasing and mortality is related to stage at diagnosis. Early diagnosis is vital to improving patient outcomes.Aim To describe current general practice pathways and time intervals in OP cancer and: a) compare to current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance to refer from general practitioners (GPs) to general medical dentists (dentists); and b) referral pathways for pharyngeal cancers.Design and setting A ten-year retrospective study of patients diagnosed with OP cancer in one suburban general practice in England using GP notes, including secondary care correspondence.Results There were 12 cases of OP cancer; six oral and six pharyngeal. There were marked differences in referral pathways and time intervals for people with visible, or palpable, oral cancers and those with non-visible, or impalpable, pharyngeal cancers. No one had GP to dentist referral. General practice 'safety-netting' or follow-up was not commonly recorded.Conclusion GPs are pivotal in diagnosing symptomatic OP cancers. General practice and dental teams encountering symptoms of uncertain aetiology (for example, pharyngitis) should offer safety-netting to shorten patient intervals to re-attendance. Pathways for oral cancer referral were usually clear and linear. Pathways for pharyngeal cancer were usually complex, with much longer time intervals in primary and secondary care, and would benefit from a single national referral pathway to ENT.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bravi F, Lee YCA, Hashibe M, Boffetta P, Conway DI, Ferraroni M, La Vecchia C, Edefonti V. Lessons learned from the INHANCE consortium: An overview of recent results on head and neck cancer. Oral Dis 2021; 27:73-93. [PMID: 32569410 PMCID: PMC7752834 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the latest evidence on head and neck cancer epidemiology from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. SUBJECTS AND METHODS INHANCE was established in 2004 to elucidate the etiology of head and neck cancer through pooled analyses of individual-level data on a large scale. We summarize results from recent INHANCE-based publications updating our 2015 overview. RESULTS Seventeen papers were published between 2015 and May 2020. These studies further define the nature of risks associated with tobacco and alcohol, and occupational exposures on head and neck cancer. The beneficial effects on incidence of head and neck cancer were identified for good oral health, endogenous and exogenous hormonal factors, and selected aspects of diet related to fruit and vegetables. INHANCE has begun to develop risk prediction models and to pool follow-up data on their studies, finding that ~30% of cases had cancer recurrence and 9% second primary cancers, with overall- and disease-specific 5-year-survival of 51% and 57%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The number and importance of INHANCE scientific findings provides further evidence of the advantages of large-scale internationally collaborative projects and will support the development of prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bravi
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Yuan-Chin Amy Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David I. Conway
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Green JM, Ciancio MJ, Goral J, Pytynia M, Pitstick L, Meyer A, Nguyen A, Lee K, Barakat A, Jham BC. Dietary fat and male sex increase histopathological changes in a mouse model of oral cancer. Oral Dis 2020; 27:215-225. [PMID: 32640482 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of dietary fat and sex on murine oral squamous cell carcinoma pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male and female C57Bl/6 mice (36/sex) received a low-fat (10 kcal%) or high-fat (60 kcal%) diet. Water (control), vehicle, or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in vehicle (50 μg/ml) was provided for 17 weeks followed by six additional weeks of water. Oral lesion development was recorded weekly. Histopathologic changes in tongues were examined, and T cells (CD3+), macrophages (CD68+), and neutrophils (Ly6+) were quantified. RESULTS All 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-treated mice developed oral tumors. High-fat diet exacerbated pathology, demonstrated by an increased final tumor burden (10.9 ± 4.5 vs. 7.9 ± 2.5, mm/mouse, p < .05; high-fat diet vs. low-fat diet, respectively), and a greater histopathology score. When dietary groups were combined, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-treated males displayed higher histopathology scores than females (4.2 ± 0.3 vs. 3.6 ± 0.2, respectively, p < .05). Lymphoid cell infiltration was greater in the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide mouse tongues than controls: T cells (14.0 vs. 0.96 cells/mm2 ), macrophages (3.6 vs. 1.8 cells/mm2 ), and neutrophils (12.0 vs. 0.38 cells/mm2 ). CONCLUSION High-fat diet and male sex increased the pathology of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced oral cancer. Elevated lymphoid cell infiltration contributed to disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacalyn M Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Mae J Ciancio
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Joanna Goral
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Pytynia
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Lenore Pitstick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Alice Meyer
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Nguyen
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.,College of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Katherine Lee
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.,College of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Ameir Barakat
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Bruno C Jham
- College of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hsiao JR, Huang CC, Ou CY, Chang CC, Lee WT, Tsai ST, Huang JS, Chen KC, Lai YH, Wu YH, Hsueh WT, Wu SY, Yen CJ, Chang JY, Lin CL, Weng YL, Yang HC, Chen YS, Chang JS. Investigating the health disparities in the association between lifestyle behaviors and the risk of head and neck cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2974-2986. [PMID: 32539207 PMCID: PMC7419018 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported a positive association between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and higher head and neck cancer (HNC) risk. Fewer studies have examined the impact of SES on the association between alcohol or cigarette use and HNC risk. The current case‐control study (1104 HNC cases and 1363 controls) investigated the influence of education, a SES indicator, on the association between HNC and the use of alcohol, cigarettes, or betel quids in Taiwan, a country with universal health care. Our results showed a larger increase in HNC risk associated with alcohol among those with lower educational level (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53‐2.80) than those with higher educational level (OR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.85) (heterogeneity‐P = .03). Educational level had an influence on the association between alcohol use and HNC risk among those with genetic susceptibility (ALDH2‐deficient) to the carcinogenic effect of alcohol. The association between cigarette or betel quid use and HNC risk was similar between the high and low educational groups. National policies and social interventions have led to the decline in the prevalence of cigarette and betel quid users in Taiwan. In contrast, due to the lack of adequate alcohol control policies, alcohol consumption in Taiwan has continued to rise. A higher impact of alcohol on HNC risk among lower SES individuals even with universal health care could be the result of insufficient alcohol control policies in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Ou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Chi Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Tien Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jehn-Shyun Huang
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Chung Chen
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsueh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Lin
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Weng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chien Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey S Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Langdon R, Richmond R, Elliott HR, Dudding T, Kazmi N, Penfold C, Ingarfield K, Ho K, Bretherick A, Haley C, Zeng Y, Walker RM, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Gaunt T, Smith GD, Suderman M, Thomas S, Ness A, Relton C. Identifying epigenetic biomarkers of established prognostic factors and survival in a clinical cohort of individuals with oropharyngeal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:95. [PMID: 32600451 PMCID: PMC7322918 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking status, alcohol consumption and HPV infection (acquired through sexual activity) are the predominant risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer and are thought to alter the prognosis of the disease. Here, we conducted single-site and differentially methylated region (DMR) epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of these factors, in addition to ∼ 3-year survival, using Illumina Methylation EPIC DNA methylation profiles from whole blood in 409 individuals as part of the Head and Neck 5000 (HN5000) study. Overlapping sites between each factor and survival were then assessed using two-step Mendelian randomization to assess whether methylation at these positions causally affected survival. RESULTS Using the MethylationEPIC array in an OPC dataset, we found novel CpG associations with smoking, alcohol consumption and ~ 3-year survival. We found no CpG associations below our multiple testing threshold associated with HPV16 E6 serological response (used as a proxy for HPV infection). CpG site associations below our multiple-testing threshold (PBonferroni < 0.05) for both a prognostic factor and survival were observed at four gene regions: SPEG (smoking), GFI1 (smoking), PPT2 (smoking) and KHDC3L (alcohol consumption). Evidence for a causal effect of DNA methylation on survival was only observed in the SPEG gene region (HR per SD increase in methylation score 1.28, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.43, P 2.12 × 10-05). CONCLUSIONS Part of the effect of smoking on survival in those with oropharyngeal cancer may be mediated by methylation at the SPEG gene locus. Replication in data from independent datasets and data from HN5000 with longer follow-up times is needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Langdon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah R. Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom Dudding
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nabila Kazmi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Ingarfield
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karen Ho
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Bretherick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Scotland Bristol, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Chris Haley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Scotland Bristol, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Yanni Zeng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Scotland Bristol, EH4 2XU UK
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rosie M. Walker
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tom Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steve Thomas
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andy Ness
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Edefonti V, De Vito R, Dalmartello M, Patel L, Salvatori A, Ferraroni M. Reproducibility and Validity of A Posteriori Dietary Patterns: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:293-326. [PMID: 31578550 PMCID: PMC7442345 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective use of dietary patterns (DPs) remains limited. There is a need to assess their consistency over multiple administrations of the same dietary source, different dietary sources, or across different studies. Similarly, their generalizability should be based on a previous assessment of DP construct validity. However, to date, no systematic reviews of reproducibility and validity of a posteriori DPs have been carried out. In addition, several methodological questions related to their identification are still open and prevent a fair comparison of epidemiological results on DPs and disease. A systematic review of the literature on the PubMed database was conducted. We identified 218 articles, 64 of which met the inclusion criteria. Of these, the 38 articles dealing with reproducibility and relative and construct validity of DPs were included. These articles (published in 1999-2017, 53% from 2010 onwards) were based on observational studies conducted worldwide. The 14 articles that assessed DP reproducibility across different statistical solutions examined different research questions. Included were: the number of food groups or subjects; input variable format (as well as adjustment for energy intake); algorithms and the number of DPs to retain in cluster analysis; rotation method; and score calculation in factor analysis. However, we identified at most 3 articles per research question on DP reproducibility across statistical solutions. From another 15 articles, reproducibility of DPs over shorter (≤1 y) time periods was generally good and higher than DP relative validity (as measured across different dietary sources). Confirmatory factor analysis was used in 15 of the included articles. It provided reassuring results in identifying valid dietary constructs characterizing the populations under consideration. Based on the available evidence, only suggestive conclusions can be derived on reproducibility across different statistical solutions. Nevertheless, most identified DPs showed good reproducibility, fair relative validity, and good construct validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Edefonti
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Address correspondence to VE (E-mail: )
| | - Roberta De Vito
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michela Dalmartello
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Linia Patel
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvatori
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dalmartello M, Decarli A, Ferraroni M, Bravi F, Serraino D, Garavello W, Negri E, Vermunt J, La Vecchia C. Dietary patterns and oral and pharyngeal cancer using latent class analysis. Int J Cancer 2019; 147:719-727. [PMID: 31677269 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The methods traditionally used to identify a posteriori dietary patterns are principal components, factor and cluster analysis. The aim of our study is to assess the relationship between dietary patterns derived with latent class analysis (LCA) and oral/pharyngeal cancer risk (OPC), highlighting the strengths of this method compared to traditional ones. We analyzed data from an Italian multicentric case-control study on OPC including 946 cases and 2,492 hospital controls. Dietary patterns were derived using LCA on 25 food groups. A multiple logistic regression model was used to derive odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OPC according to the dietary patterns identified. We identified four dietary patterns. The first one was characterized by a high intake of leafy and fruiting vegetable and fruits (Prudent pattern), the second one showed a high intake of red meat and low intake of selected fruits and vegetables (Western pattern). The last two patterns showed a combination-type of diet. We labeled "Lower consumers-combination pattern" the cluster that showed a low intake of the majority of foods, and "Higher consumers-combination pattern" the one characterized by a high intake of various foods. Compared to the "Prudent pattern", the "Western" and the "Lower consumers-combination" ones were positively related to the risk of OPC (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.90-3.45 and OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.64-3.02). No difference in risk emerged for the "Higher consumers-combination pattern" (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.92-1.77).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Dalmartello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriano Decarli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bravi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Werner Garavello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeroen Vermunt
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The changing epidemiology of oral cancer: definitions, trends, and risk factors. Br Dent J 2019; 225:867-873. [PMID: 30412558 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective This review has three objectives, namely: (i) to discuss how oral cancer is and ought to be defined and recorded; (ii) to present up-to-date data on the incidence burden of the disease in the four countries of the UK, and review recent analyses of trends in the disease; and (iii) to summarise recent evidence on risk factors of the disease. Methods Cancer definitions were clarified by the International Classification of Diseases accounting for anatomical and aetiological differences; descriptive epidemiology included international / UK literature review and information requests for incidence data from the UK cancer registries (2000-2016); analytical epidemiology focused on reviewing the findings of the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium, which has pooled data from multiple case-control studies providing the best estimates of risk factors. Results Emerging evidence of the role played by risk factors in different anatomical sites means that oral cavity cancer and oropharynx cancer should be considered distinct disease entities – and a standardised attribution of anatomical subsites will be helpful in ensuring consistency in how data are presented. In 2016, over 3,700 people were diagnosed with oral cavity cancer and over 3,500 people were diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer in the UK. Incidence of oropharyngeal cancer is rapidly rising across the UK. Rates of oral cavity cancer are higher in Northern Ireland and higher still (and relatively stable) in Scotland, but rising in England and Wales. INHANCE data show that while the consumption of alcohol and tobacco are the prime risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, they provide greater certainty in the preventive benefits of reducing these risk factors. The role played by other factors such as low socioeconomic status, genetics, oral health, and human papillomavirus (only for oropharyngeal cancer) have become clearer. Conclusions This epidemiology provides a strong foundation for designing and managing both population and individual oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer control strategies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang K, Yu XH, Tang YJ, Tang YL, Liang XH. Obesity: An emerging driver of head and neck cancer. Life Sci 2019; 233:116687. [PMID: 31348948 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become pandemic and emerged as one of the most critical global health care problems worldwide since last century. Recent studies have demonstrated that there may be a causal link between obesity and higher risks and mortality of cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, and thyroid cancers, head and neck cancer (HNC). This review focuses on the relationship between obesity and HNC, and the molecular mechanism of abnormal lipid metabolism in HNC. Elucidating the mechanism may open up new possibilities for strategies to reduce risk and mortality of HNC in an increasingly obese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aminianfar A, Fallah-Moshkani R, Salari-Moghaddam A, Saneei P, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Egg Consumption and Risk of Upper Aero-Digestive Tract Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:660-672. [PMID: 31041448 PMCID: PMC6628841 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited data are available that summarize the relation between egg intake and the risk of upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) cancers. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between egg intake and the risk of UADT cancers. Medline/PubMed, ISI web of knowledge, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using relevant keywords. Observational studies conducted on humans investigating the association between egg consumption and the risk of UADT cancers were included. Overall, 38 studies with a total of 164,241 subjects (27, 025 cases) were included. Based on 40 effect sizes from 32 case-control studies, we found a 42% increased risk of UADT cancers among those with the highest egg consumption (ranging from ≥1 meal/d to ≥1 time/mo among studies) compared to those with the lowest intake (ranging from 0-20 g/d to never consumed among studies) (overall OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.68; P < 0.001). However, this association was only evident in hospital-based case-control (HCC) studies (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.68; P < 0.001 for 'oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer' and OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.50; P = 0.004 for esophageal cancer) and not in population-based case-control (PCC) studies (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.59, 2.67; P = 0.56 for 'oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer' and OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.81; P = 0.13 for esophageal cancer). In addition, the association was not significant in prospective cohort studies (overall OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.04; P = 0.11). Considering individual cancers, a positive association was observed between the highest egg consumption, compared with the lowest, and risk of oropharyngeal (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.20; P < 0.001), laryngeal (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.32; P < 0.001), oral & pharyngeal & laryngeal (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.67; P < 0.001), and esophageal cancers (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.10,1.48; P = 0.001). We also found an inverse association between egg intake and the risk of oral cancer (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.99; P = 0.04). In conclusion, high egg consumption (ranging from ≥1 meal/d to ≥1 time/mo among studies) was associated with increased risk of UADT cancers only in HCC studies but not in PCC or prospective cohort studies. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018102619.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Aminianfar
- Students' Scientific Research Center,Address correspondence to AE (e-mail: )
| | - Roohallah Fallah-Moshkani
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular –Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parvane Saneei
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular –Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute,Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition Food Science,Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Fish intake and other dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to be associated with a reduced risk for some cancers. Although previous studies of head and neck cancer have reported associations with different dietary factors, including reduced risks for fruits and vegetables and putatively healthy dietary patterns, associations specific to fish intake are unclear. This study investigated the association between fish/shellfish intake and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) using data from the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Study, a population-based case-control study conducted in 46 North Carolina counties with cases recruited from 2002 through 2006. Controls were frequency matched to the cases on age, sex, and race; the final sample size was 1039 cases and 1375 controls. Demographic, lifestyle, and dietary information were collected using an in-person interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with unconditional logistic regression. Patients whose fish/shellfish intake was among the highest tertile had a 20% lower odds of SCCHN compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.60-1.07) after adjustment for the matching and other factors (income, energy intake, fruit intake, cigarette smoking, and alcohol intake). The inverse association was more pronounced for oral cavity and oropharyngeal tumors, for African Americans, and for females, but CIs were wide. To further investigate this potential risk reduction strategy for SCCHN, future studies should consider examining specific fish/shellfish, cooking practices, and other omega-3 fatty acid sources.
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Malmir H, Shayanfar M, Mohammad-Shirazi M, Tabibi H, Sharifi G, Esmaillzadeh A. Patterns of nutrients intakes in relation to glioma: A case-control study. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:1406-1413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
23
|
Samuels TL, Pearson ACS, Wells CW, Stoner GD, Johnston N. Curcumin and Anthocyanin Inhibit Pepsin-Mediated Cell Damage and Carcinogenic Changes in Airway Epithelial Cells. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/000348941312201006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina L. Samuels
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Amy C. S. Pearson
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Clive W. Wells
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Gary D. Stoner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Nikki Johnston
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mutlu M, Korkmaz MH, Simsek E, Terzi E, Oz Bedir BE, Uysal TK, Bayir O, Saylam G, Guler OO. Do CO 2 and oxidative stress induce cancer?: a brief study about the evaluation of PON 1, CAT, CA and XO enzyme levels on head and neck cancer patients. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:459-464. [PMID: 30734593 PMCID: PMC6327982 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1555157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. HNC is a group of cancers that starts in the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, sinuses, or salivary glands. According to this section of the body parts; induction of cancer can be associated with CO2 and oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to assess the activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA), catalase (CAT), paraoxonase1 (PON1), and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities in 89 HNC patients and 115 healthy volunteers. Paraoxonase1 activity was found lower in HNC cancer patients. There is no statistically significant difference between patients and controls for catalase, carbonic anhydrase, and xanthine oxidase enzyme levels. According to this results, paraoxonase1 levels could be a candidate as an oxidative marker in HNC patients, but further studies are needed to investigate the other type of cancer related PON1 and the other enzyme levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murad Mutlu
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery , Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - M Hakan Korkmaz
- b Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Bilkent Campus , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ender Simsek
- c Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Bilkent Campus , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Emine Terzi
- c Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Bilkent Campus , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Beyza Ecem Oz Bedir
- c Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Bilkent Campus , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Tugba Kevser Uysal
- c Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Bilkent Campus , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Omer Bayir
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery , Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Guleser Saylam
- d Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery , University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ozen Ozensoy Guler
- c Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Bilkent Campus , Ankara , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
De Vito R, Bellio R, Trippa L, Parmigiani G. Multi-study factor analysis. Biometrics 2019; 75:337-346. [PMID: 30289163 DOI: 10.1111/biom.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a novel class of factor analysis methodologies for the joint analysis of multiple studies. The goal is to separately identify and estimate (1) common factors shared across multiple studies, and (2) study-specific factors. We develop an Expectation Conditional-Maximization algorithm for parameter estimates and we provide a procedure for choosing the numbers of common and specific factors. We present simulations for evaluating the performance of the method and we illustrate it by applying it to gene expression data in ovarian cancer. In both, we clarify the benefits of a joint analysis compared to the standard factor analysis. We have provided a tool to accelerate the pace at which we can combine unsupervised analysis across multiple studies, and understand the cross-study reproducibility of signal in multivariate data. An R package (MSFA), is implemented and is available on GitHub.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Vito
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Ruggero Bellio
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Trippa
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
De Vito R, Lee YCA, Parpinel M, Serraino D, Olshan AF, Zevallos JP, Levi F, Zhang ZF, Morgenstern H, Garavello W, Kelsey K, McClean M, Schantz S, Yu GP, Boffetta P, Chuang SC, Hashibe M, La Vecchia C, Parmigiani G, Edefonti V. Shared and Study-specific Dietary Patterns and Head and Neck Cancer Risk in an International Consortium. Epidemiology 2019; 30:93-102. [PMID: 30063539 PMCID: PMC6269206 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few papers have considered reproducibility of a posteriori dietary patterns across populations, as well as pattern associations with head and neck cancer risk when multiple populations are available. METHODS We used individual-level pooled data from seven case-control studies (3844 cases; 6824 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. We simultaneously derived shared and study-specific a posteriori patterns with a novel approach called multi-study factor analysis applied to 23 nutrients. We derived odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx combined, and larynx, from logistic regression models. RESULTS We identified three shared patterns that were reproducible across studies (75% variance explained): the Antioxidant vitamins and fiber (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.41, 0.78, highest versus lowest score quintile) and the Fats (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.67, 0.95) patterns were inversely associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. The Animal products and cereals (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.1) and the Fats (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4, 2.3) patterns were positively associated with laryngeal cancer risk, whereas a linear inverse trend in laryngeal cancer risk was evident for the Antioxidant vitamins and fiber pattern. We also identified four additional study-specific patterns, one for each of the four US studies examined. We named them all as Dairy products and breakfast cereals, and two were associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. CONCLUSION Multi-study factor analysis provides insight into pattern reproducibility and supports previous evidence on cross-country reproducibility of dietary patterns and on their association with head and neck cancer risk. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B430.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R De Vito
- From the Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - Yuan Chin Amy Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - M Parpinel
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - D Serraino
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Jose Pedro Zevallos
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - F Levi
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhuo Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - H Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - W Garavello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - K Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - M McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - S Schantz
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY
| | - Guo Pei Yu
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - P Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shu Chun Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - M Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - C La Vecchia
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro," Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - G Parmigiani
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - V Edefonti
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro," Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
LeHew CW, Weatherspoon DJ, Peterson CE, Goben A, Reitmajer K, Sroussi H, Kaste LM. The Health System and Policy Implications of Changing Epidemiology for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers in the United States From 1995 to 2016. Epidemiol Rev 2018; 39:132-147. [PMID: 28402398 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxw001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers are typically grouped under the general term, "oral cancer." Yet, the incidence of oropharyngeal cancers is increasing in the United States, while the incidence of oral cavity cancers has declined. These 2 distinct but conflated groups of oral cancers are attributed to different risk factors. Incidence and survival trends were examined across US population groups and by anatomical subsite. Disparities in incidence and survival by sex, race/ethnicity, and subsite were identified. Risk factors are complex, interactive, and not fully identified. Cancer control research illustrates health disparities in access to care and patient outcomes. Database and supplemental searches yielded 433 articles published between 1995 and 2016 characterizing aspects of oral cancer epidemiology relating to incidence, survival, risk, disparities, and cancer control. Oral cavity cancer survival in black men remains the most intractable burden. Although understanding of oral cancer etiology is improving, application to policy is limited. Cancer control efforts are diverse, sporadic, limited in scope, and generally lacking in success, and they need stratification by oral cavity cancers/oropharyngeal cancers. Further intervention and epidemiologic research, improved workforce capacity, and integrated care delivery are identified as important directions for public health policy. Sustained, multilevel campaigns modeled on tobacco control success are suggested.
Collapse
|
28
|
Grosso G, Bella F, Godos J, Sciacca S, Del Rio D, Ray S, Galvano F, Giovannucci EL. Possible role of diet in cancer: systematic review and multiple meta-analyses of dietary patterns, lifestyle factors, and cancer risk. Nutr Rev 2018; 75:405-419. [PMID: 28969358 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Evidence of an association between dietary patterns derived a posteriori and risk of cancer has not been reviewed comprehensively. Objective The aim of this review was to investigate the relation between a posteriori-derived dietary patterns, grouped as healthy or unhealthy, and cancer risk. The relation between cancer risk and background characteristics associated with adherence to dietary patterns was also examined. Data Sources PubMed and Embase electronic databases were searched. Study Selection A total of 93 studies including over 85 000 cases, 100 000 controls, and 2 000 000 exposed individuals were selected. Data Extraction Data were extracted from each identified study using a standardized form by two independent authors. Results The most convincing evidence (significant results from prospective cohort studies) supported an association between healthy dietary patterns and decreased risk of colon and breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal, hormone receptor-negative women, and an association between unhealthy dietary patterns and increased risk of colon cancer. Limited evidence of a relation between an unhealthy dietary pattern and risk of upper aerodigestive tract, pancreatic, ovarian, endometrial, and prostatic cancers relied only on case-control studies. Unhealthy dietary patterns were associated with higher body mass index and energy intake, while healthy patterns were associated with higher education, physical activity, and less smoking. Potential differences across geographical regions require further evaluation. Conclusions The results suggest a potential role of diet in certain cancers, but the evidence is not conclusive and may be driven or mediated by lifestyle factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Bella
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacca
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sumantra Ray
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Epidemiology and the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wilkins OM, Titus AJ, Gui J, Eliot M, Butler RA, Sturgis EM, Li G, Kelsey KT, Christensen BC. Genome-scale identification of microRNA-related SNPs associated with risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:986-993. [PMID: 28582492 PMCID: PMC5862295 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in microRNAs and their target sites can disrupt microRNA-dependent gene regulation, and have been associated with cancer susceptibility. However, genome-scale analyses of microRNA-related genetic variation in cancer are lacking. We tested the associations of ~40 000 common [minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥5%], microRNA-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (miR-SNPs), with risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in a discovery population, and validated selected loci in an independent population among a total of 2198 cases and 2180 controls. Joint analyses across the discovery and validation populations revealed six novel miR-SNP associations with risk of HNSCC. An upstream variant of MIR548H4 (rs7834169), replicated its association with overall HNSCC risk as well as risk of oral cavity cancer. Four other variants were specifically associated with oral cavity cancer risk (rs16914640, rs1134367, rs7306991 and rs1373756). 3'UTR variant of HADH, rs221347 and rs4975616, located within known cancer risk locus 5p15.33, were specific to risk of laryngeal cancer. High confidence predicted microRNA binding sites were identified for CLEC2D, LOC37443, KDM8 and HADH overlapping rs16914640, rs7306991, rs1134367 and rs221347, respectively. Furthermore, we identified several microRNA interactions with KDM8 and HADH predicted to be disrupted by genetic variation at rs1134367 and rs221347. These results suggest microRNA-related genetic variation may contribute to the genetic susceptibility of HNSCC, and that more powerful evaluation of this class of genetic variation and their relationship with cancer risk is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Rondi A Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Playdon MC, Moore SC, Derkach A, Reedy J, Subar AF, Sampson JN, Albanes D, Gu F, Kontto J, Lassale C, Liao LM, Männistö S, Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Irwin ML, Mayne ST, Stolzenberg-Solomon R. Identifying biomarkers of dietary patterns by using metabolomics. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:450-465. [PMID: 28031192 PMCID: PMC5267308 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.144501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy dietary patterns that conform to national dietary guidelines are related to lower chronic disease incidence and longer life span. However, the precise mechanisms involved are unclear. Identifying biomarkers of dietary patterns may provide tools to validate diet quality measurement and determine underlying metabolic pathways influenced by diet quality. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the correlation of 4 diet quality indexes [the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010, the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED), the WHO Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), and the Baltic Sea Diet (BSD)] with serum metabolites. DESIGN We evaluated dietary patterns and metabolites in male Finnish smokers (n = 1336) from 5 nested case-control studies within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort. Participants completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire and provided a fasting serum sample before study randomization (1985-1988). Metabolites were measured with the use of mass spectrometry. We analyzed cross-sectional partial correlations of 1316 metabolites with 4 diet quality indexes, adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, energy intake, education, and physical activity. We pooled estimates across studies with the use of fixed-effects meta-analysis with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, and conducted metabolic pathway analyses. RESULTS The HEI-2010, aMED, HDI, and BSD were associated with 23, 46, 23, and 33 metabolites, respectively (17, 21, 11, and 10 metabolites, respectively, were chemically identified; r-range: -0.30 to 0.20; P = 6 × 10-15 to 8 × 10-6). Food-based diet indexes (HEI-2010, aMED, and BSD) were associated with metabolites correlated with most components used to score adherence (e.g., fruit, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and unsaturated fat). HDI correlated with metabolites related to polyunsaturated fat and fiber components, but not other macro- or micronutrients (e.g., percentages of protein and cholesterol). The lysolipid and food and plant xenobiotic pathways were most strongly associated with diet quality. CONCLUSIONS Diet quality, measured by healthy diet indexes, is associated with serum metabolites, with the specific metabolite profile of each diet index related to the diet components used to score adherence. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00342992.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Playdon
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT;
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and
| | | | | | - Jill Reedy
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Amy F Subar
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | | | - Fangyi Gu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and
| | - Jukka Kontto
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camille Lassale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Melinda L Irwin
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Susan T Mayne
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Datta M, Shaw EG, Lesser GJ, Case LD, Vitolins MZ, Schneider C, Frizzell B, Sullivan C, Lively M, Franzmann E, Hu JJ. A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Fruit and Vegetable Concentrates on Intermediate Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 17:115-123. [PMID: 28102098 PMCID: PMC5501769 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416684947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are at an
increased risk for developing second primary tumors (SPTs). Diets rich in fruits
and vegetables (FVs) may lower HNC risk. FV concentrates may offer a potential
alternative to increasing FV intake. Methods. We conducted a
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate whether Juice
PLUS+ (JP; a commercial product with multiple FV concentrates) has an effect on
p27 and Ki-67, biomarkers associated with the risk of SPTs. During 2004-2008, we
randomized 134 HNC patients to 12 weeks of JP (n = 72) or placebo (n = 62). Oral
cavity mucosal biopsies and whole blood were obtained at baseline and after 12
weeks. All participants were given the opportunity to receive JP for 5 years
following the end of the intervention period, and they were followed yearly for
the development of SPTs. Results. After 12 weeks, patients on
JP had significantly higher serum α-carotene (P = .009),
β-carotene (P < .0001), and lutein (P =
.003) but did not differ significantly in p27 (P = .23) or
Ki-67 (P = .95). JP use following the initial 12-week trial was
not significantly associated with SPT prevention. Conclusions.
Despite increased serum micronutrient levels, our results do not suggest a
clinical benefit of JP in HNC patients. Future studies should focus on longer
intervention periods and/or modified supplement formulations with demonstrated
chemopreventive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward G Shaw
- 2 Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Glenn J Lesser
- 3 Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - L Douglas Case
- 3 Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Bart Frizzell
- 3 Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Mark Lively
- 3 Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Jennifer J Hu
- 5 University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Joury E, Naja F, Nour A, Itani L, Rafii B, Nakhleh K, Manadili A. Dietary patterns and the risk of oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer in Syria: a case control study. BMC Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-016-0048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
33
|
Kang K, Sohn SY. Relationships between nutrient patterns and geodemographic characteristics in Korea. Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyeon Kang
- Department of Information and Industrial Engineering; Yonsei University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Sohn
- Department of Information and Industrial Engineering; Yonsei University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Rosato V, Serraino D, La Vecchia C. Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of laryngeal cancer in a case-control study from Italy. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:1027-34. [PMID: 27379989 PMCID: PMC4958599 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides tobacco and alcohol, diet and inflammation have been suggested to be important risk factors for laryngeal cancer. In this study, we examined the role of diet-associated inflammation, as estimated by dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores, in laryngeal cancer in a multicentre case-control study conducted between 1992 and 2000 in Italy. METHODS This study included 460 cases with incident, histologically confirmed laryngeal cancer, and 1,088 controls hospitalized for acute non-neoplastic diseases unrelated to tobacco and alcohol consumption. DII scores were computed from a reproducible and valid 78-item food-frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, study center, education, body mass index, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and non-alcohol energy intake were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e., with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher risk of laryngeal cancer. The OR was 3.30 (95 % CI 2.06, 5.28; p for trend <0.0001) for the highest versus the lowest DII quartile. When DII was considered as a continuous variable, the OR was 1.27 (95 % CI 1.15, 1.40) for a one-unit (9 % of the DII range) increase. Stratified analyses produced slightly stronger associations between DII and laryngeal cancer risk among Subjects <60 years old (ORquartile4vs1 = 4.68), overweight subjects (ORQuartile4vs1 = 3.62), and among those with higher education (ORQuartile4vs1 = 3.92). We also observed a strong combined effect of higher DII and tobacco smoking or alcohol consumption on risk of laryngeal cancer. Compared with non-smokers having low DII scores, the OR was 6.64 for smokers with high DII scores. Likewise, compared with non/moderate drinkers with low DII, the OR was 5.82 for heavy drinkers with high DII. CONCLUSION These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of laryngeal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA.
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Valentina Rosato
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Despite the potentially important roles of diet and nutrition in cancer prevention, the evidence to support these roles is widely perceived by the public and health professionals as being inconsistent. In this Review, we present the issues and challenges in conducting and interpreting diet-cancer research, including those relating to the design of epidemiological studies, dietary data collection methods, and factors that affect the outcome of intervention trials. Approaches to improve effect estimates, such as the use of biomarkers to improve the accuracy of characterizing dietary exposures, are also discussed. Nutritional and dietary patterns are complex; therefore, the use of a reductionist approach to investigations, by focusing on specific nutrients, can produce misleading information. The effects of tumour heterogeneity and the failure to appreciate the nonlinear, U-shaped relationship between micronutrients and cancer in both observational studies and clinical trials are discussed. New technologies and investigational approaches are enabling the exploration of complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, and gut-microbial processes that will inform our knowledge of the diet-cancer relationship. Communicating the status of the evolving science in the context of the overall scientific evidence base, and evidence-based dietary recommendations for cancer prevention, should be emphasized in guidance for the public and for individual patients.
Collapse
|
36
|
Assi N, Moskal A, Slimani N, Viallon V, Chajes V, Freisling H, Monni S, Knueppel S, Förster J, Weiderpass E, Lujan-Barroso L, Amiano P, Ardanaz E, Molina-Montes E, Salmerón D, Quirós JR, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Dossus L, Fournier A, Baglietto L, Fortner RT, Kaaks R, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Orfanos P, De Magistris MS, Masala G, Agnoli C, Ricceri F, Tumino R, Bueno de Mesquita HB, Bakker MF, Peeters PHM, Skeie G, Braaten T, Winkvist A, Johansson I, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Key T, Travis R, Schmidt JA, Merritt MA, Riboli E, Romieu I, Ferrari P. A treelet transform analysis to relate nutrient patterns to the risk of hormonal receptor-defined breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:242-54. [PMID: 25702596 PMCID: PMC10270861 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pattern analysis has emerged as a tool to depict the role of multiple nutrients/foods in relation to health outcomes. The present study aimed at extracting nutrient patterns with respect to breast cancer (BC) aetiology. DESIGN Nutrient patterns were derived with treelet transform (TT) and related to BC risk. TT was applied to twenty-three log-transformed nutrient densities from dietary questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals computed using Cox proportional hazards models quantified the association between quintiles of nutrient pattern scores and risk of overall BC, and by hormonal receptor and menopausal status. Principal component analysis was applied for comparison. SETTING The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). SUBJECTS Women (n 334 850) from the EPIC study. RESULTS The first TT component (TC1) highlighted a pattern rich in nutrients found in animal foods loading on cholesterol, protein, retinol, vitamins B12 and D, while the second TT component (TC2) reflected a diet rich in β-carotene, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamins C and B6, fibre, Fe, Ca, K, Mg, P and folate. While TC1 was not associated with BC risk, TC2 was inversely associated with BC risk overall (HRQ5 v. Q1=0·89, 95 % CI 0·83, 0·95, P trend<0·01) and showed a significantly lower risk in oestrogen receptor-positive (HRQ5 v. Q1=0·89, 95 % CI 0·81, 0·98, P trend=0·02) and progesterone receptor-positive tumours (HRQ5 v. Q1=0·87, 95 % CI 0·77, 0·98, P trend<0·01). CONCLUSIONS TT produces readily interpretable sparse components explaining similar amounts of variation as principal component analysis. Our results suggest that participants with a nutrient pattern high in micronutrients found in vegetables, fruits and cereals had a lower risk of BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Assi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurelie Moskal
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Nadia Slimani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Vivian Viallon
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, UMRESTTE, Lyon, France
- IFSTTAR, UMRESTTE, Bron, France
| | - Veronique Chajes
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Stefano Monni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Knueppel
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jana Förster
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leila Lujan-Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Granada.ibs), Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Salmerón
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christina C Dahm
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laure Dossus
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health Team, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS, Villejuif, France
- IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health Team, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS, Villejuif, France
- IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Bamia
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Philippos Orfanos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology – CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, ’Civile M.P. Arezzo’ Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - H Bas Bueno de Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marije F Bakker
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra HM Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Melissa A Merritt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OC-SCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer). Recent trends have shown a dramatic rise in the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OP-SCC), with a marked increase in lesions related to human papillomavirus infection. This update presents the latest evidence regarding OC-SCC and OP-SCC. In particular, the authors compare and contrast tumors at these two sites with respect to epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinicopathologic presentation, clinical assessment, imaging, management, and prognosis. It is important for clinicians to be aware of differences between OC-SCC and OP-SCC so that appropriate patient education and multidisciplinary care can be provided to optimize outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Chi
- Professor, Division of Oral Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Terry A Day
- Professor, Wendy and Keith Wellin Endowed Chair for Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Brad W Neville
- Distinguished University Professor, Division of Oral Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Edefonti V, Hashibe M, Parpinel M, Turati F, Serraino D, Matsuo K, Olshan AF, Zevallos JP, Winn DM, Moysich K, Zhang ZF, Morgenstern H, Levi F, Kelsey K, McClean M, Bosetti C, Galeone C, Schantz S, Yu GP, Boffetta P, Lee YCA, Chuang SC, La Vecchia C, Decarli A. Natural vitamin C intake and the risk of head and neck cancer: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:448-62. [PMID: 25627906 PMCID: PMC4428957 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of associations between single nutrients and head and neck cancer (HNC) is still more limited and less consistent than that for fruit and vegetables. However, clarification of the protective mechanisms of fruit and vegetables is important to our understanding of HNC etiology. We investigated the association between vitamin C intake from natural sources and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx using individual-level pooled data from ten case-control studies (5,959 cases and 12,248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. After harmonization of study-specific exposure information via the residual method, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models on quintile categories of 'non-alcohol energy-adjusted' vitamin C intake. In the presence of heterogeneity of the estimated ORs among studies, we derived those estimates from generalized linear mixed models. Higher intakes of vitamin C were inversely related to oral and pharyngeal (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.45-0.65, for the fifth quintile category versus the first one, p for trend<0.001) and laryngeal cancers (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.40-0.68, p for trend = 0.006), although in the presence of heterogeneity among studies for both sites. Inverse associations were consistently observed for the anatomical subsites of oral and pharyngeal cancer, and across strata of age, sex, education, body mass index, tobacco, and alcohol, for both cancer sites. The inverse association of vitamin C intake from foods with HNC may reflect a protective effect on these cancers; however, we cannot rule out other explanations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Edefonti
- Sezione di Statistica Medica e Biometria ’Giulio A. Maccacaro’, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ’Mario Negri’, Milan, Italy
- S. C. Statistica Medica, Biometria e Bioinformatica, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose P. Zevallos
- Baylor College of Medicine, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fabio Levi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karl Kelsey
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ’Mario Negri’, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Galeone
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ’Mario Negri’, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Guo-Pei Yu
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuan-Chin Amy Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Shu-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Sezione di Statistica Medica e Biometria ’Giulio A. Maccacaro’, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriano Decarli
- Sezione di Statistica Medica e Biometria ’Giulio A. Maccacaro’, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ’Mario Negri’, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Edefonti V, Hashibe M, Parpinel M, Ferraroni M, Turati F, Serraino D, Matsuo K, Olshan AF, Zevallos JP, Winn DM, Moysich K, Zhang ZF, Morgenstern H, Levi F, Kelsey K, McClean M, Bosetti C, Schantz S, Yu GP, Boffetta P, Chuang SC, A Lee YC, La Vecchia C, Decarli A. Vitamin E intake from natural sources and head and neck cancer risk: a pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:182-92. [PMID: 25989276 PMCID: PMC4647526 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the possible effect of vitamin E on head and neck cancers (HNCs) is limited. METHODS We used individual-level pooled data from 10 case-control studies (5959 cases and 12 248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium to assess the association between vitamin E intake from natural sources and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models applied to quintile categories of non-alcohol energy-adjusted vitamin E intake. RESULTS Intake of vitamin E was inversely related to oral/pharyngeal cancer (OR for the fifth vs the first quintile category=0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.71; P for trend <0.001) and to laryngeal cancer (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.54-0.83, P for trend <0.001). There was, however, appreciable heterogeneity of the estimated effect across studies for oral/pharyngeal cancer. Inverse associations were generally observed for the anatomical subsites of oral and pharyngeal cancer and within covariate strata for both sites. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that greater vitamin E intake from foods may lower HNC risk, although we were not able to explain the heterogeneity observed across studies or rule out certain sources of bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Edefonti
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia ‘G. A. Maccacaro', Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - M Parpinel
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe, 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M Ferraroni
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia ‘G. A. Maccacaro', Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Turati
- S. C. Statistica Medica, Biometria e Bioinformatica, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - D Serraino
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - K Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - A F Olshan
- University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J P Zevallos
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070, USA
| | - D M Winn
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9764, USA
| | - K Moysich
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Z-F Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, 71-225 CHS, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - H Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Levi
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Kelsey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, G-E5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - M McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Talbot 4W, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - C Bosetti
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS–Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via G. La Masa, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - S Schantz
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, 310 E 14th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - G-P Yu
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - P Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute of Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S-C Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Y-C A Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - C La Vecchia
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia ‘G. A. Maccacaro', Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A Decarli
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia ‘G. A. Maccacaro', Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milano, Italy
- S. C. Statistica Medica, Biometria e Bioinformatica, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nutrient patterns and their association with socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and obesity risk in rural South African adolescents. Nutrients 2015; 7:3464-82. [PMID: 25984738 PMCID: PMC4446762 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and describe the diversity of nutrient patterns and how they associate with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors including body mass index in rural black South African adolescents. Nutrient patterns were identified from quantified food frequency questionnaires (QFFQ) in 388 rural South African adolescents between the ages of 11-15 years from the Agincourt Health and Socio-demographic Surveillance System (AHDSS). Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to 25 nutrients derived from QFFQs. Multiple linear regression and partial R2 models were fitted and computed respectively for each of the retained principal component (PC) scores on socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics including body mass index (BMI) for age Z scores. Four nutrient patterns explaining 79% of the total variance were identified: PCI (26%) was characterized by animal derived nutrients; PC2 (21%) by vitamins, fibre and vegetable oil nutrients; PC3 (19%) by both animal and plant derived nutrients (mixed diet driven nutrients); and PC4 (13%) by starch and folate. A positive and significant association was observed with BMI for age Z scores per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in PC1 (0.13 (0.02; 0.24); p = 0.02) and PC4 (0.10 (-0.01; 0.21); p = 0.05) scores only. We confirmed variability in nutrient patterns that were significantly associated with various lifestyle factors including obesity.
Collapse
|
41
|
Leoncini E, Edefonti V, Hashibe M, Parpinel M, Cadoni G, Ferraroni M, Serraino D, Matsuo K, Olshan AF, Zevallos JP, Winn DM, Moysich K, Zhang ZF, Morgenstern H, Levi F, Kelsey K, McClean M, Bosetti C, Schantz S, Yu GP, Boffetta P, Lee YCA, Chuang SC, Decarli A, La Vecchia C, Boccia S. Carotenoid intake and head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 31:369-83. [PMID: 25930054 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Food and nutrition play an important role in head and neck cancer (HNC) etiology; however, the role of carotenoids remains largely undefined. We explored the relation of HNC risk with the intake of carotenoids within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. We pooled individual-level data from 10 case-control studies conducted in Europe, North America, and Japan. The analysis included 18,207 subjects (4414 with oral and pharyngeal cancer, 1545 with laryngeal cancer, and 12,248 controls), categorized by quintiles of carotenoid intake from natural sources. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintile, the risk reduction associated with total carotenoid intake was 39 % (95 % CI 29-47 %) for oral/pharyngeal cancer and 39 % (95 % CI 24-50 %) for laryngeal cancer. Intakes of β-carotene equivalents, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein plus zeaxanthin were associated with at least 18 % reduction in the rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer (95 % CI 6-29 %) and 17 % reduction in the rate of laryngeal cancer (95 % CI 0-32 %). The overall protective effect of carotenoids on HNC was stronger for subjects reporting greater alcohol consumption (p < 0.05). The odds ratio for the combined effect of low carotenoid intake and high alcohol or tobacco consumption versus high carotenoid intake and low alcohol or tobacco consumption ranged from 7 (95 % CI 5-9) to 33 (95 % CI 23-49). A diet rich in carotenoids may protect against HNC. Persons with both low carotenoid intake and high tobacco or alcohol are at substantially higher risk of HNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Leoncini
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cadoni
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose P Zevallos
- School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fabio Levi
- Institut Universitaire de Medecine Sociale et Preventive (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Itlay
| | | | - Guo-Pei Yu
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute of Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuan-Chin Amy Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shu-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Adriano Decarli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Winn DM, Lee YCA, Hashibe M, Boffetta P. The INHANCE consortium: toward a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of head and neck cancer. Oral Dis 2015; 21:685-93. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DM Winn
- National Cancer Institute; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Y-CA Lee
- Division of Public Health; Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - M Hashibe
- Division of Public Health; Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - P Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute of Translational Epidemiology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Golasik M, Jawień W, Przybyłowicz A, Szyfter W, Herman M, Golusiński W, Florek E, Piekoszewski W. Classification models based on the level of metals in hair and nails of laryngeal cancer patients: diagnosis support or rather speculation? Metallomics 2015; 7:455-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several larynx cancer prediction models were built and each was weighted according to their performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Golasik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University in R. Kraków
- 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jawień
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy
- Jagiellonian University School of Medicine
- 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Przybyłowicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University in R. Kraków
- 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Witold Szyfter
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology
- University of Medical Sciences
- Przybyszewskiego 4960-355 Poznań, Poland
- Clinic of Phoniatrics and Audiology
- University of Medical Sciences
| | - Małgorzata Herman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University in R. Kraków
- 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Golusiński
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology
- University of Medical Sciences
- Przybyszewskiego 4960-355 Poznań, Poland
- Greater Poland Cancer Center
- 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research
- Department of Toxicology
- University of Medical Sciences
- 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University in R. Kraków
- 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Brownlee I. The impact of dietary fibre intake on the physiology and health of the stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
45
|
Schneider IJC, Flores ME, Nickel DA, Martins LGT, Traebert J. Survival rates of patients with cancer of the lip, mouth and pharynx: a cohort study of 10 years. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2014; 17:680-91. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-4503201400030009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer of the lip, mouth and pharynx is a serious health problem. High incidence rates are found worldwide. In Brazil, the Southern and Southeastern regions have the highest incidences in the country. Objective: To describe 5 and 10-year survival rates in patients with cancer of the lip, mouth and pharynx at a referral center in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using data from patients diagnosed between January 1st and December 31st, 2001, with follow-up until December 31st, 2011. Descriptive analysis was performed and survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox semi-parametric model was used to estimate death risk. Results: Survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 33.3 and 26.9%, respectively. Advanced clinical stage in the diagnosis increased death risk by 2.88 and 2.51, respectively. Sex, ethnicity, level of education, previous diagnosis and treatment, as well as age, did not show significant association. Conclusion: Survival rate at 5 years was 33.3% and, at 10 years, was 26.9%. Advanced stage was an independent risk factor for death due to cancer of the lip, mouth and pharynx in both periods analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jefferson Traebert
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil; Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Moskal A, Pisa PT, Ferrari P, Byrnes G, Freisling H, Boutron-Ruault MC, Cadeau C, Nailler L, Wendt A, Kühn T, Boeing H, Buijsse B, Tjønneland A, Halkjær J, Dahm CC, Chiuve SE, Quirós JR, Buckland G, Molina-Montes E, Amiano P, Huerta Castaño JM, Gurrea AB, Khaw KT, Lentjes MA, Key TJ, Romaguera D, Vergnaud AC, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Orfanos P, Palli D, Pala V, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, de Magistris MS, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ocké MC, Beulens JWJ, Ericson U, Drake I, Nilsson LM, Winkvist A, Weiderpass E, Hjartåker A, Riboli E, Slimani N. Nutrient patterns and their food sources in an International Study Setting: report from the EPIC study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98647. [PMID: 24901309 PMCID: PMC4047062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to food patterns, nutrient patterns have been rarely used particularly at international level. We studied, in the context of a multi-center study with heterogeneous data, the methodological challenges regarding pattern analyses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We identified nutrient patterns from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study and used 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR) data to validate and describe the nutrient patterns and their related food sources. Associations between lifestyle factors and the nutrient patterns were also examined. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on 23 nutrients derived from country-specific FFQ combining data from all EPIC centers (N = 477,312). Harmonized 24-HDRs available for a representative sample of the EPIC populations (N = 34,436) provided accurate mean group estimates of nutrients and foods by quintiles of pattern scores, presented graphically. An overall PCA combining all data captured a good proportion of the variance explained in each EPIC center. Four nutrient patterns were identified explaining 67% of the total variance: Principle component (PC) 1 was characterized by a high contribution of nutrients from plant food sources and a low contribution of nutrients from animal food sources; PC2 by a high contribution of micro-nutrients and proteins; PC3 was characterized by polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D; PC4 was characterized by calcium, proteins, riboflavin, and phosphorus. The nutrients with high loadings on a particular pattern as derived from country-specific FFQ also showed high deviations in their mean EPIC intakes by quintiles of pattern scores when estimated from 24-HDR. Center and energy intake explained most of the variability in pattern scores. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The use of 24-HDR enabled internal validation and facilitated the interpretation of the nutrient patterns derived from FFQs in term of food sources. These outcomes open research opportunities and perspectives of using nutrient patterns in future studies particularly at international level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Moskal
- Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Pedro T. Pisa
- Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Graham Byrnes
- Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health, INSERM U1018, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Claire Cadeau
- Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health, INSERM U1018, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Nailler
- Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health, INSERM U1018, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Andrea Wendt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Brian Buijsse
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Genes and Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jytte Halkjær
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Genes and Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina C. Dahm
- Section for Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stephanie E. Chiuve
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jose R. Quirós
- Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain
| | - Genevieve Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José M. Huerta Castaño
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marleen A. Lentjes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne-Claire Vergnaud
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Bamia
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Philippos Orfanos
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- HuGeF Foundation and Center for Cancer Prevention CPO-Piemonte, Torino, Italy
| | | | - H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marga C. Ocké
- The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W. J. Beulens
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Isabel Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Research Group in Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena M. Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutrition Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anette Hjartåker
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Slimani
- Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li WQ, Park Y, Wu JW, Goldstein AM, Taylor PR, Hollenbeck AR, Freedman ND, Abnet CC. Index-based dietary patterns and risk of head and neck cancer in a large prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:559-66. [PMID: 24401718 PMCID: PMC3927689 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.073163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Although diet has been proposed to play an important role in HNC, few associations with diet have been convincing other than alcohol intake. Studies of dietary patterns that examine overall diets may provide broader insight than studies of individual foods. Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and risk of HNC. OBJECTIVE We prospectively evaluated the association between 2 index-based dietary patterns [ie, the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) and alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED)] and risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. DESIGN We included 494,967 participants from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health study (1995-2006). HRs (95% CIs) were estimated by using Cox regression. Scores for the HEI-2005 and aMED were calculated on the basis of diet assessed by using a baseline food-frequency questionnaire. Higher scores reflected adherence to dietary recommendations for healthy eating. Our main outcome was the incidence of HNC, including cancer of the larynx, oral cavity, and orohypopharynx. RESULTS A total of 1868 HNC cases were identified during follow-up. Higher HEI-2005 scores were associated with reduced risk of HNC in men [HR: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.89) for highest compared with lowest quintiles; P-trend = 0.0008] and women [HR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.70; P-trend < 0.0001]. High aMED scores were also associated with lower HNC risk in men (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.01; P-trend = 0.002) and women (HR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.74; P-trend < 0.0001). Associations were similar among subsites. We did not find significant interactions between smoking and alcohol intake and each index on HNC risk. CONCLUSIONS HEI-2005 and aMED scores were associated inversely with risk of HNC. Large interventional studies are required to assess the causality before conveying definite public health messages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD (W-QL, YP, JWW, AMG, PRT, NDF, and CCA), and AARP, Washington, DC (ARH)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rosato V, Edefonti V, Bravi F, Bosetti C, Bertuccio P, Talamini R, Dal Maso L, Montella M, Ferraroni M, La Vecchia C, Decarli A. Nutrient-based dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk: a case–control study from Italy. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:525-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
49
|
Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2013; 25:325-30. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328360f591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
50
|
Siddiqui MS, Chandra R, Aziz A, Suman S. Epidemiology and histopathological spectrum of head and neck cancers in Bihar, a state of Eastern India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:3949-53. [PMID: 23098498 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are amongst the commonest malignancies, accounting for approximately 20% of the cancer burden in India. The major risk factors are tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption, which are all preventable. This retrospective study presents data from the histopathology register for a five year period from 2002-2006 at Patna Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care hospital drawing patients from the entire Bihar state, the 3rd most populous state of India with the majority of the population residing in rural areas. Incidence rates based on sex, age, site of lesion, including age standardized incidence rates for males and females, with mean age of presentation, distribution of histological variants and year wise trend were calculated. Out of 455 head and neck neoplasias, 241 were benign while 214 were malignant. The most common age group for all malignant biopsies was 7th decade for males and the 5th decade for females. Malignant cases were commoner in males than females with the male:female ratio of 3.1:1, which was found to be statistically significant by the chi-square (χ2) test. The crude rate and age standardized incidence rate was 0.05 and 0.06 per 100,000 population respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) contributed about 96% of all cases, with grade I being the most common. Larynx was the most common site for malignancy, the supraglottic region being its most commonly affected sub-site. This observed incidence patterns in the region are a reminder of widespread unawareness, low healthcare utilization with virtually non-existent cancer programs. It also underlines the need to advocate for reliable cost-effective programs to create awareness, for early detection and plan appropriate management strategies. There is a compelling demand for a cancer registry in this region as well as proper implementation of preventive measures to combat this growing threat of cancer, many of whose risk factors are preventable.
Collapse
|