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Fritz Lerche A, Erik Mathiassen S, Lund Rasmussen C, Straker L, Holtermann A, Søgaard K. Effectiveness of a Goldilocks work intervention to promote musculoskeletal health among industrial workers - A cluster randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2024; 90:392-401. [PMID: 39251295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Industrial workers with physically demanding work have increased risk of musculoskeletal pain. The present 12-week Goldilocks Work intervention aimed to organize work among industrial workers to comprise a 'just right' ergonomic balance of physical behaviors (i.e., sit, stand and active) intended to promote musculoskeletal health. The paper investigates the effectiveness of the intervention in reducing low back pain after work. METHODS 83 workers across 28 workteams in a biotech organization were recruited. Workteams were randomly allocated to receive the intervention or work as usual (control). Intervention workteams implemented the Goldilocks Work planning tool to organize their work tasks towards a predefined 'just right' ergonomic balance (i.e., composition of 60% sitting, 30% standing, 10% active work and hourly task alternation). The primary outcome was low back pain intensity. Secondary outcomes were bodily pain, fatigue, physical exertion, productivity and energy after work measured in the survey, and composition and alternations of physical behaviors measured using wearable sensors. RESULTS The intervention was delivered almost as planned, with good quality and high adherence among most workteams. However, the intervention did not change physical behaviors towards the intended 'just right' ergonomic balance. No significant reduction in low back pain (0.07, CI 95%: -0.68; 0.82), bodily pain (0.10, CI 95%: -0.57; 0.76), tiredness (-0.53, CI 95%: -1.24; 0.19), physical exertion (-0.18, CI 95%: -0.83; 0.48), or improvement in energy (0.39, CI 95%: -1.02; 0.23) or productivity (-0.03, CI 95%: -0.77; 0.72) were found. CONCLUSION This Goldilocks Work intervention did not promote musculoskeletal health among industrial workers and did not change physical behaviors as intended. Thus, more research is needed into implementation strategies to change physical behaviors during productive work towards an evidence-based 'just right' ergonomic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Fritz Lerche
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Park Allé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, 80176 Gävle, Sweden
| | | | - Leon Straker
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Park Allé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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Smit DJM, Burgers LJGC, van Oostrom SH, Vähä-Ypyä H, Husu P, Verswijveren SJJM, Proper KI. Exploring Associations Between Device-Based Occupational Sedentary Behavior and Need for Recovery in White Collar Workers: A Compositional Data-Analysis. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1607322. [PMID: 39135914 PMCID: PMC11317241 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives White collar workers spend an increasing amount of time in occupational sedentary behavior (OSB) and are thereby at risk for adverse health outcomes. Nevertheless, the association between OSB and the need for recovery (NFR), an important indicator of wellbeing, is unknown and therefore examined. Methods Baseline data from a cluster randomized controlled trial was used. A subgroup of 89 white collar workers wore a triaxial accelerometer for 7 days. NFR was measured using the Questionnaire on the Experience and Evaluation of Work. Compositional data analysis was applied to determine the composition of different OSB bouts (short, medium and long) and occupational physical activity (OPA) (light, moderate and vigorous and standing). Linear regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between occupational compositions and NFR. Results Relatively more time spent in long OSB bouts was associated with a lower NFR (β: -11.30, 95% CI: -20.2 to -2.4). Short and medium OSB bouts and OPA were not associated with NFR. Conclusion Associations between OSB bouts, OPA and NFR hinted at contrasting trends, suggesting the need to consider different bout lengths of OSB in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J. M. Smit
- Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, Department Behavior and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura J. G. C. Burgers
- Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, Department Behavior and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Sandra H. van Oostrom
- Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, Department Behavior and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pauliina Husu
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Simone J. J. M. Verswijveren
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin I. Proper
- Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, Department Behavior and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Kyriakidis S, Rasmussen CL, Søgaard K, Holtermann A, Rasmussen CDN, Gupta N. The "sweet- and sour-spot" of occupational physical activity for back pain: a prospective accelerometer study among eldercare workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 2024; 50:341-350. [PMID: 38874546 PMCID: PMC11239222 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both high and low levels of occupational physical activity are associated with back pain. Thus, there might be a "sweet- and sour-spot" of occupational physical activity for back pain. Our aim was to investigate if there exists an occupational physical activity "sweet- (lowest risk) and sour-spot" (highest risk) for back pain. METHODS A total of 396 eldercare workers from 20 Danish nursing homes participated. Occupational physical activity was measured between 1-4 working days using thigh-worn accelerometry. Back pain intensity was reported monthly on a scale from 0-10 over 1-year. A zero-inflated mixed-effects model was developed regressing occupational physical activity against back pain, adjusted for confounders. The "sweet- and sour-spot" were defined as the occupational physical activity compositions (sitting, standing, light, and moderate-to-vigorous) associated with the 5% lowest and highest risk for back pain, respectively. RESULTS The composition associated with the lowest risk of back pain - the "sweet-spot"- consisted of 71% worktime spent sitting, 18% spent standing, 5% spent on light physical activity and 6% spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The composition associated with highest risk for back pain -the "sour-spot"- consisted of 8% worktime spent sitting, 66% spent standing, 4% spent on light physical activity, and 21% spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The "sweet-spot" of occupational physical activity for back pain among eldercare workers involves more sitting and light physical activity time, while the "sour-spot" involves more standing and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time. Research on the occupational physical activity "sweet- and sour-spot" is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Kyriakidis
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lohne FK, Fimland MS, Rasmussen CL, Liaset IF, Fischer H, Redzovic S. Is patients' activities of daily living self-care score in Norwegian home care a proxy for workers standing at work? BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:565. [PMID: 38724977 PMCID: PMC11080116 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged standing at work may contribute to increased risk of musculoskeletal pain in home care workers. Patients' activities of daily living (ADL) score may be a proxy for home care workers' standing time at work. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between patients' ADL self-care score, and workers standing time. METHODS This cross-sectional study measured time spent standing, sitting and in physical activity for seven days using thigh-worn accelerometers, among 14 home care workers. Patients' ADL self-care scores are routinely adjusted by home care nurses, and time intervals of home care visits are stored in home care services electronic patient journal. We collected ADL self-care scores and start and end time points of visits, and categorized ADL self-care scores as low (ADL ≤ 2.0), medium (ADL > 2.0 to 3.0) or high (ADL > 3.0). Physical behavior data were transformed to isometric log-ratios and a mixed-effect model was used to investigate differences in physical behavior between the three ADL self-care score categories. RESULTS We analyzed 931 patient visits and found that high ADL self-care scores were associated with longer standing times relative to sitting and physical activity, compared to low ADL score (0.457, p = 0.001). However, no significant differences in time spent standing were found between high and medium ADL patient visits (0.259, p = 0.260), nor medium and low (0.204, p = 0.288). High ADL score patients made up 33.4% of the total care time, despite only making up 7.8% of the number of patients. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that caring for patients with high ADL self-care score requires workers to stand for longer durations and that this group of patients constitute a significant proportion of home care workers' total work time. The findings of this study can inform interventions to improve musculoskeletal health among home care workers by appropriate planning of patient visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Klæboe Lohne
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Marius Steiro Fimland
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Norway
| | | | - Ingeborg Frostad Liaset
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Heike Fischer
- Trondheim municipality, Bergheim home care service, Postboks 2300 Torgarden, Trondheim, 7004, Norway
| | - Skender Redzovic
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Schmidt KG, Lerche AF, Christensen MR, Rasmussen CL, Straker L, Mathiassen SE, Holtermann A. Effectiveness of a Goldilocks Work intervention in childcare workers - A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Scand J Work Environ Health 2024; 50:197-207. [PMID: 38436676 PMCID: PMC11057501 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor cardiorespiratory fitness and health is common among childcare workers. We designed the `Goldilocks-games` according to the Goldilocks Work principle to provide high-intensity physical activity for childcare workers. We investigated the effectiveness of this Goldilocks Work intervention in increasing occupational high-intensity physical activity and improving work-related health. METHODS In a two-arm cluster randomized trial, 16 childcare institutions with 142 workers were randomly allocated to either an 8-week Goldilocks Work intervention or a control group. The primary outcome was occupational time in high-intensity physical activity. Secondary outcomes were occupational time in active physical behaviors, heart rate during sleep, pain, physical exhaustion, energy at work, work productivity, and need for recovery. RESULTS The intervention was successfully delivered and received. Both groups had a low amount of occupational high-intensity physical activity at baseline, and the intervention group reported playing the games 3.1 [standard deviation (SD) 1.5] times/week for a duration of 112.2 (SD 175.0) min/week. However, the intervention did not increase high-intensity physical activity or the secondary outcomes, except for energy at work, measured on a scale from 0-10, increasing 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-1.21], and need for recovery, measured on a scale from 1-5, decreasing -0.32 (95% CI, -0.54- -0.09). CONCLUSION The intervention was successfully delivered and received, but did not increase high-intensity physical activity. The intervention group increased their energy at work and decreased their need for recovery, but not the other health-related outcomes. Further research on how to design and implement health-promoting work environment interventions in childcare is needed.
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Jackson JA, Mathiassen SE, Rydström K, Johansson K. Protocol for an observational study of working conditions and musculoskeletal health in Swedish online retail warehousing from the perspective of sex/gender and place of birth. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297569. [PMID: 38394162 PMCID: PMC10889605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
European and International sustainable development agendas aim to reduce inequalities in working conditions and work-related health, yet disparate occupational health outcomes are evident between both men and women and domestic- and foreign-born workers. In Sweden, major growth in online retail warehousing has increased occupational opportunities for foreign-born workers. The rapid change has left research lagging on working conditions, i.e., employment conditions, facility design, work organisation, physical and psychosocial work environment conditions, and their effects on worker health. Further, no known studies have considered patterns of inequality related to these factors. The overall aim of this study is to describe working conditions and musculoskeletal health in online retail warehousing, determine the extent to which differences exist related to sex/gender and place of birth (as a proxy for race/ethnicity), and examine factors at the organisational and individual levels to understand why any differences exist. Three online retail warehouses, each employing 50-150 operations workers performing receiving, order picking, order packing and dispatching tasks will be recruited. Warehouses will, to the extent possible, differ in their extent of digital technology use. Employment conditions, facility design (including digital tool use), work organisation, physical and psychosocial work environment conditions and worker health will be assessed by survey, interview and technical measurements. Analysis of quantitative data stratified by sex and place of birth will consider the extent to which inequalities exist. Focus group interviews with operations employees and in-depth interviews with managers, union and health and safety representatives will be conducted to assess how employee working conditions and musculoskeletal health are related to inequality regimes of sex/gender and/or race/ethnicity in organisational processes and practices in online retail warehousing. The study is pre-registered with the Open Science Framework. This study will describe working conditions and health in online retail warehouse workers and consider the extent to which patterns of inequality exist based on sex/gender and place of birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie A. Jackson
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Klara Rydström
- Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Kristina Johansson
- Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Madadizadeh F, Bahariniya S. Tutorial on statistical data reduction methods for exploring dietary patterns. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:228-234. [PMID: 38057011 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.09.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Diet is one of the most important factors affecting human health and it is different for each person. Examining individual foods in the diet does not provide sufficient information to the researcher, so we need food patterns to obtain more complete information. Food pattern analysis is also a complementary approach that is carried out by statistical methods and provides additional evidence in this regard. In this tutorial article, we have tried to briefly explain all statistical analyses which can used for dietary pattern analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Madadizadeh
- Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Sajjad Bahariniya
- Health Services Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Wahlström V, Januario LB, Mathiassen SE, Heiden M, Hallman DM. Hybrid office work in women and men: do directly measured physical behaviors differ between days working from home and days working at the office? Ann Work Expo Health 2023; 67:1043-1055. [PMID: 37795673 PMCID: PMC10683849 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated and compared temporal sitting patterns among male and female hybrid office workers when working at the office (WAO), working from home (WFH), and for non-working days (NWD). METHODS We analyzed data collected in 2020 among 165 hybrid office workers, carrying thigh-worn accelerometers for 938 days in total. Day type (WAO, WFH, or NWD) and time in bed were identified using diaries. Time awake was exhaustively classified as non-sitting time and time sitting in short, moderate, and long bouts. Effects of day type and gender on the 24-h compositions of physical behaviors were analyzed using multilevel linear mixed models. RESULTS During workdays (both WAO and WFH), workers spent less time in bed and more time sitting, particularly in moderate and long bouts, than during NWD. Time in bed was longer when working from home than when working at the office, and more of the awake time was spent sitting. Differences between WAO and WFH in ratios between short, moderate, and long bouts of sitting were small and inconsistent. Men spent more time sitting than women, and more time in moderate and long sitting bouts relative to short bouts. CONCLUSIONS When working from home, hybrid office workers sat more during their hours awake compared to when working at the office. Sitting time was larger during working days than during non-working days and was higher in men than in women. These results may contribute to support organizational policies for hybrid work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Wahlström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leticia Bergamin Januario
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, SE-801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, SE-801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Marina Heiden
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, SE-801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - David M Hallman
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, SE-801 76 Gävle, Sweden
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Kastelic K, Šarabon N, Stanford T, Dumuid D, Pedišić Ž. Are reallocations of time between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep associated with low back pain? A compositional data analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001701. [PMID: 38022760 PMCID: PMC10679988 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the associations of reallocating time between moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep with occurrence, frequency and intensity of low back pain (LBP) among adults using compositional isotemporal substitution analysis. Methods A total of 2333 participants from the general adult population completed the Daily Activity Behaviours Questionnaire asking about their time-use composition consisting of sleep, SB, LPA and MVPA, and they self-reported their frequency and intensity of LBP in the past year. Results Regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, stress, education and socioeconomic status found that the time-use composition is associated with the frequency (p=0.009) and intensity of LBP (p<0.001). Reallocating time from SB or LPA to sleep was associated with lower frequency and intensity of LBP (p<0.05). Reallocating time from MVPA to sleep, SB or LPA and from SB to LPA was associated with a lower intensity of LBP (p<0.05). For example, reallocating 30 min/day from SB to sleep was associated with 5% lower odds (95% CI: 2% to 8%, p=0.001) of experiencing LBP more frequently, and 2% lower LBP intensity (95% CI: 1% to 3%, p<0.001). Conclusion LBP sufferers may benefit from getting additional sleep and spending more time in LPA, while engaging less in SB and MVPA. These reallocations of time may be meaningful from clinical and public health perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Kastelic
- Department of Health Studies, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
- InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Ty Stanford
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Željko Pedišić
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Barbieri DF, Brusaca LA, Mathiassen SE, Oliveira AB, Srinivasan D. Do Sit-Stand Tables Affect Physical Behavior and Body Composition Similarly in Normal-Weight and Overweight Office Workers? A Pilot Study. IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 2023; 11:81-93. [PMID: 37982162 DOI: 10.1080/24725838.2023.2281964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSSedentary behavior is a significant health concern among office workers. We completed the same 6-month sit-stand table intervention at work for groups of normal-weight and overweight workers, and compared it to not having sit-stand tables. The intervention caused the intended decrease in sitting time in both groups and a corresponding increase in standing. We did not find compensation effects on physical behavior outside of work. Furthermore, the intervention did not change the composition of fat, lean, and bone mass in either group. Thus, strategies including initiatives to increase physical activity are likely needed to have effects on body composition; and an intervention needs to be sustained for longer than six months for any changes in body composition to be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechristian França Barbieri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Brusaca
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Ana Beatriz Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Divya Srinivasan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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Voigt L, Ullrich A, Groß S, Guertler D, Jaeschke L, Dörr M, van den Berg N, John U, Ulbricht S. Associations of accelerometer-based sedentary bouts with adiposity markers among German adults - results from a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:469. [PMID: 36899317 PMCID: PMC10007749 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long periods of uninterrupted sitting, i.e., sedentary bouts, and their relationship with adverse health outcomes have moved into focus of public health recommendations. However, evidence on associations between sedentary bouts and adiposity markers is limited. Our aim was to investigate associations of the daily number of sedentary bouts with waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of middle-aged to older adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from three different studies that took place in the area of Greifswald, Northern Germany, between 2012 and 2018. In total, 460 adults from the general population aged 40 to 75 years and without known cardiovascular disease wore tri-axial accelerometers (ActiGraph Model GT3X+, Pensacola, FL) on the hip for seven consecutive days. A wear time of ≥ 10 h on ≥ 4 days was required for analyses. WC (cm) and BMI (kg m- 2) were measured in a standardized way. Separate multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations of sedentary bouts (1 to 10 min, >10 to 30 min, and >30 min) with WC and BMI. Models were adjusted for potential confounders including sex, age, school education, employment, current smoking, season of data collection, and composition of accelerometer-based time use. RESULTS Participants (66% females) were on average 57.1 (standard deviation, SD 8.5) years old and 36% had a school education >10 years. The mean number of sedentary bouts per day was 95.1 (SD 25.0) for 1-to-10-minute bouts, 13.3 (SD 3.4) for >10-to-30-minute bouts and 3.5 (SD 1.9) for >30-minute bouts. Mean WC was 91.1 cm (SD 12.3) and mean BMI was 26.9 kg m- 2 (SD 3.8). The daily number of 1-to-10-minute bouts was inversely associated with BMI (b = -0.027; p = 0.047) and the daily number of >30-minute bouts was positively associated with WC (b = 0.330; p = 0.001). All other associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The findings provide some evidence on favourable associations of short sedentary bouts as well as unfavourable associations of long sedentary bouts with adiposity markers. Our results may contribute to a growing body of literature that can help to define public health recommendations for interrupting prolonged sedentary periods. TRIAL REGISTRATION Study 1: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00010996); study 2: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02990039); study 3: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03539237).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Voigt
- Department of Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, Greifswald, D-17475, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Antje Ullrich
- Department of Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, Greifswald, D-17475, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Groß
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Diana Guertler
- Department of Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, Greifswald, D-17475, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lina Jaeschke
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Neeltje van den Berg
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrich John
- Department of Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, Greifswald, D-17475, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabina Ulbricht
- Department of Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, Greifswald, D-17475, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Lohne FK, Fimland MS, Holtermann A, Mathiassen SE, Fischer H, Gellein TM, Redzovic S. Can home care work be organized to promote musculoskeletal health for workers? Study protocol for the Norwegian GoldiCare cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1490. [PMID: 36476502 PMCID: PMC9727949 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home care workers perform physically strenuous tasks, in particular when handling patients with high care demands. Thus, musculoskeletal pain and sick leave is greater in this group than in the general population. To ease these issues, we will implement a Goldilocks Work intervention (GoldiCare), redistributing schedules between workers to achieve a "just right" weekly structure of physical work that can promote health. This protocol paper describes the content, design, implementation and evaluation of the cluster randomized controlled trial of the GoldiCare intervention in home care. METHODS The cluster randomized controlled trial is a 16-week workplace organizational intervention implemented through operations managers at the home care units. The operations managers will be introduced to the Goldilocks Work Principle and a GoldiCare tool, to assist the operations managers when composing a "just right" distribution of work schedules throughout the week. The GoldiCare tool provides an overview of the physical strain for each shift, based on the number of patients and their need for care. We expect to include 11 units, which will be randomized to either intervention or control at a 1:1 ratio. Home care workers assigned to the control group will continue to work as normal during the intervention period. Musculoskeletal pain in neck/shoulder and lower back will be the primary outcomes and we will also evaluate the composition of physical behaviors as well as fatigue after work as secondary outcomes. We will collect data using (1) daily questions regarding musculoskeletal pain and fatigue after work, (2) 7 days of objective measurements of physical behavior, (3) questionnaires about the participant's characteristics, health, and workplace psychosocial stressors and (4) information on the implementation of the GoldiCare tool. In addition, a process evaluation will be conducted using focus group discussions and individual interviews. DISCUSSION Due to the increasing aging population in need of care, measures that can improve the health of home care workers are paramount for the sustainability of this sector. This organizational intervention is based on information available nation-wide, and therefore has the potential to be scaled to all municipalities in Norway if proven effective. TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial was registered on 08/05/2022 under NCT05487027 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Klæboe Lohne
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marius Steiro Fimland
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.512436.7Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Norway
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- grid.418079.30000 0000 9531 3915National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lerso Parkalle 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- grid.69292.360000 0001 1017 0589Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, 80176 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Heike Fischer
- Trondheim municipality, Bergheim home care service, Postboks 2300 Torgarden, 7004 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Minde Gellein
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Skender Redzovic
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Brusaca LA, Januario LB, Mathiassen SE, Barbieri DF, Oliveira RV, Heiden M, Oliveira AB, Hallman DM. Sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and sleep among office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of Brazil and Sweden. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2196. [PMID: 36443752 PMCID: PMC9702952 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the physical behaviours of office workers worldwide, but studies comparing physical behaviours between countries with similar restrictions policies are rare. This study aimed to document and compare the 24-hour time-use compositions of physical behaviours among Brazilian and Swedish office workers on working and non-working days during the pandemic. METHODS Physical behaviours were monitored over 7 days using thigh-worn accelerometers in 73 Brazilian and 202 Swedish workers. Daily time-use compositions were exhaustively described in terms of sedentary behaviour (SED) in short (< 30 min) and long (≥30 min) bouts, light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and time-in-bed. We examined differences between countries using MANOVA on data processed according to compositional data analysis. As Swedish workers had the possibility to do hybrid work, we conducted a set of sensitivity analyses including only data from days when Swedish workers worked from home. RESULTS During working days, Brazilian office workers spent more time SED in short (294 min) and long (478 min) bouts and less time in LPA (156 min) and MVPA (50 min) than Swedish workers (274, 367, 256 and 85 min, respectively). Time spent in bed was similar in both groups. Similar differences between Brazilians and Swedes were observed on non-working days, while workers were, in general, less sedentary, more active and spent more time-in-bed than during working days. The MANOVA showed that Brazilians and Swedes differed significantly in behaviours during working (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.36) and non-working days (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.20). Brazilian workers spent significantly more time in SED relative to being active, less time in short relative to long bouts in SED, and more time in LPA relative to MVPA, both during workdays and non-workdays. Sensitivity analyses only on data from days when participants worked from home showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic Brazilian office workers were more sedentary and less active than Swedish workers, both during working and non-working days. Whether this relates to the perception or interpretation of restrictions being different or to differences present even before the pandemic is not clear, and we encourage further research to resolve this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Augusto Brusaca
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Road, km 235, SP310, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Bergamin Januario
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, SE-801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, SE-801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Dechristian França Barbieri
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Road, km 235, SP310, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, 277A Freeman Hall, SC, 29634 Clemson, USA
| | - Rafaela Veiga Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Road, km 235, SP310, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Heiden
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, SE-801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Ana Beatriz Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Road, km 235, SP310, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David M. Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, SE-801 76 Gävle, Sweden
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14
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Naweed A, Chapman J, Vandelanotte C, Chappel SE, Holtermann A, Straker L. 'Just Right' job design: A conceptual framework for sustainable work in rail driving using the Goldilocks Work Paradigm. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 105:103806. [PMID: 35772288 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive physical demand at work has traditionally been connected with adverse health outcomes, but excessive sitting is now also being recognised as an occupational hazard and emerging work-related risk. Traditional preventive occupational health and ergonomics programs are useful but limited through reliance on individual behaviour change and time-diversion from productive work. A new 'Goldilocks Work Paradigm' aims to optimise health and productivity by using movements of productive tasks. Using rail driving as a specific case of a highly sedentary and inflexible working environment, we construct a conceptual framework for designing better jobs, arguing that a theoretical amalgamation of the new Goldilocks Work Paradigm with System Thinking, Participatory Ergonomics, and a Risk Management Framework, is needed, for establishing a unified, strategic approach-a 'just right' job design model. We extend this by outlining a practical process of designing better jobs with tools that can be used to achieve it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janine Chapman
- Central Queensland University, Australia; Flinders University, Australia
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15
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Gupta N, Bjerregaard SS, Yang L, Forsman M, Rasmussen CL, Nørregaard Rasmussen CD, Clays E, Holtermann A. Does occupational forward bending of the back increase long-term sickness absence risk? A 4-year prospective register-based study using device-measured compositional data analysis. Scand J Work Environ Health 2022; 48:651-661. [PMID: 35894796 PMCID: PMC10546616 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Forward bending of the back is common in many jobs and a risk factor for sickness absence. However, this knowledge is based on self-reported forward bending that is generally imprecise. Thus, we aimed to investigate the dose-response relation between device-measured forward bending at work and prospective register-based risk of long-term sickness absence (LTSA). METHODS At baseline, 944 workers (93% from blue-collar jobs) wore accelerometers on their upper back and thigh over 1-6 workdays to measure worktime with forward bending (>30˚ and >60˚) and body positions. The first event of LTSA (≥6 consecutive weeks) over a 4-year follow-up were retrieved from a national register. Compositional Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to model the association between worktime with forward bending of the back in an upright body position and LTSA adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), occupational lifting/carrying, type of work, and, in an additional step, for leisure time physical activity (PA) on workdays. RESULTS During a mean worktime of 457 minutes/day, the workers on average spent 40 and 10 minutes on forward bending >30˚ and >60˚ in the upright position, respectively. Five more minutes forward bending >30˚ and >60˚ at work were associated with a 4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.07] and 8% (95% CI 1.01-1.16) higher LTSA risk, respectively. Adjustment for leisure-time PA did not influence the results. CONCLUSION We found a dose-response association between device-measured forward bending of the back and prospective LTSA risk. This knowledge can be integrated into available feasible methods to measure forward bending of the back for improved workplace risk assessment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of musculoskeletal disorders and physical workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Skotte Bjerregaard
- Department of analysis and data, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liyun Yang
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden
- IMM Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Forsman
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden
- IMM Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- Department of musculoskeletal disorders and physical workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Department of musculoskeletal disorders and physical workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Chao L, Ma R, Jiang W. Movement behaviours and anxiety symptoms in Chinese college students: A compositional data analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:952728. [PMID: 36186352 PMCID: PMC9520661 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.952728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current research, sleep duration, sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and their relationship with several anxiety symptoms among college students were examined. This study was a cross-sectional study, and study respondents were recruited from college students. A total of 1,475 of college students were included for analysis. Sedentary behaviours and physical activity were assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, while sleep duration was assessed by the Chinese version Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. To assess the anxiety symptoms of study respondents, the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 was used. The compositional data was analysed in R to estimate the associations between replacements among physical activities, sedentary behaviours, and sleep and anxiety symptoms. Results indicated a greater impact was imposed on the alleviation of anxiety symptoms by substituting sedentary behaviours with physical activity at moderate to vigorous intensity. In the current research, the significance of moderate to vigorous physical activity should be highlighted in preventing anxiety among Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luomeng Chao
- Physical Education Teaching Unit, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Postdoctoral Research Station in Public Administration, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Physical Education (Based School), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Ma,
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Centre for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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An Exploratory Study on the Physical Activity Health Paradox-Musculoskeletal Pain and Cardiovascular Load during Work and Leisure in Construction and Healthcare Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052751. [PMID: 35270444 PMCID: PMC8910306 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Using a novel approach, this exploratory study investigated whether the physical activity (PA) paradox extends to cardiovascular load and musculoskeletal pain. At baseline, 1–2 days of 24 h heart rate was assessed in 72 workers from construction and healthcare. Workers then reported pain intensity in 9 body regions (scale 0–3) every 6 months for two years. The 2 year average of musculoskeletal pain (sum of 9 pain scores; scale 0–27) was regressed on time spent during work and leisure above three thresholds of percentage heart rate reserve (%HRR), i.e., ≥20 %HRR, ≥30 %HRR, and ≥40 %HRR, using a novel ilr structure in compositional data analysis. Analyses were stratified for several important variables. Workers spending more time in physical activity at work had higher pain, while workers with more time in physical activity during leisure had less pain (i.e., the PA paradox), but none of the associations were statistically significant. Higher aerobic capacity and lower body mass index lowered the pain score among those with higher physical activity at work. This exploratory study suggests that the PA paradox may apply to musculoskeletal pain and future studies with larger sample sizes and additional exposure analyses are needed to explain why this occurs.
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18
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Holtermann A, Rasmussen CL, Hallman DM, Ding D, Dumuid D, Gupta N. 24-Hour Physical Behavior Balance for Better Health for All: "The Sweet-Spot Hypothesis". SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:98. [PMID: 34928441 PMCID: PMC8688608 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
"Sit less-move more" has been the univocal advice to adults for better health. Predominantly, this advice is based on research of physical behaviors during leisure-time. A recent study among > 100,000 adults indicates a u-shaped association between leisure-time physical activity and risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality among adults in physically active occupations. This may be explained by the considerable difference in 24-h physical behaviors between adults in sedentary and physically active occupations. Thus, the advice "sit less-move more" might not be the best for health among adults in physically active occupations. To provide a scientific approach and encourage research on 24-h physical behaviors and health for those in physically active occupations, we propose the "Sweet-Spot Hypothesis." The hypothesis postulates that the "Sweet-Spot" of 24-h physical behaviors for better health differs between adults, depending on their occupation. Specifically, the hypothesis claims that the advice "sit less-move more" does not bring adults in physically active occupations toward their "Sweet-Spot" of 24-h physical behaviors for better health. The purpose of our paper is to encourage researchers to test this proposed hypothesis by describing its origin, its theoretical underpinning, approaches to test it, and practical implications. To promote health for all, and decrease social health inequalities, we see a great need for empirically testing the "Sweet-Spot Hypothesis." We propose the "Sweet-Spot Hypothesis" to encourage discussion, debates, and empirical research to expand our collective knowledge about the healthy "24-h physical behavior balance" for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | | | - David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Pekins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rapisarda V, Loreto C, De Angelis L, Simoncelli G, Lombardo C, Resina R, Mucci N, Matarazzo A, Vimercati L, Ledda C. Home Working and Physical Activity during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13021. [PMID: 34948630 PMCID: PMC8701942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, human lifestyles and occupational settings have changed in the workplace. This survey explores associations of home working employment and related physical activity (PA-MET min/week). METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted between March 2020 and March 2021. A standardized method for assessing PA and sedentary time, the Italian version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), was used through the Microsoft Forms® platform for self-administering the questionnaire. Baseline data were collected, and four follow-ups were performed; a full calendar year was observed. RESULTS In total, 310 home workers were recruited in this investigation. The average body mass index (BMI- kg/m2) was 21.4 ± 4.2 at baseline. The value increased at the first follow-up and fluctuated in the other recalls. The t-test of MET values of the four activities (Total PA, Vigorous-intensity activity, Moderate-intensity activity, Walking) show similar results; the total PA, at baseline 275.7 ± 138.6, decreased statistically significantly at the first (198.5 ± 84.6), third (174.9 ± 98.4), and fourth (188.7 ± 78.5) follow-ups, while it increased statistically significantly at the second follow-up (307.1 ± 106.1) compared to the baseline. Sedentary time was constant until the second follow-up, while it increased statistically significantly at the 3rd and 4th follow-up. CONCLUSION workers involved reduced and reorganized their PA during this pandemic year. Each business company should intervene to improve the PA levels of workers and reduce sedentary behavior in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87 Building 10B, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Carla Loreto
- Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Laura De Angelis
- Technological Innovation, Department of Technological Innovations and Safety of Plants, Product, and Anthropic Settlements, INAIL (National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work), 00144 Roma, Italy; (L.D.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuditta Simoncelli
- Technological Innovation, Department of Technological Innovations and Safety of Plants, Product, and Anthropic Settlements, INAIL (National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work), 00144 Roma, Italy; (L.D.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Claudia Lombardo
- Human Anatomy, Department “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Resina
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87 Building 10B, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Nicola Mucci
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Agata Matarazzo
- Department of Economics and Business, University of Catania, 95129 Catania, Italy;
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Occupational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87 Building 10B, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.R.); (R.R.)
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Porta M, Orrù PF, Pau M. Use of wearable sensors to assess patterns of trunk flexion in young and old workers in the Metalworking Industry. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:1543-1554. [PMID: 34180361 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1948107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Workers exposed to repeated trunk flexions are at risk of onset of low-back disorders and in individuals aged over 50 this issue is exacerbated by the physiologic decline of the musculoskeletal system and longer lifetime occupational exposure. In this study, we investigated the existence of possible age-related differences in patterns of trunk flexion of workers in the metalworking industry. Thirty-three subjects were monitored during an actual shift using a wearable Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to assess trunk flexion angles (i.e. between 30° and 60°, 60°-90° and > 90°). Results show that older workers spent less time with their trunk flexed, regardless of the class of flexion considered, with respect to their younger colleagues. Although further studies are necessary to clarify the existence of strategies aimed at optimising trunk movements during ageing, the IMU-based approach appears useful in highlighting potentially harmful conditions, especially in workers with marked signs of decline in their physical capacities. Practitioner summary: Wearable sensors, which are well tolerated and minimally intrusive, represent a valid option to continuously monitor trunk posture in workers employed in metalworking industry. The results of this study show that they provide valuable information about the patterns of flexion of young and old individuals engaged in physically demanding tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Porta
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Orrù
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pau
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Rasmussen CL, Dumuid D, Hron K, Gupta N, Jørgensen MB, Nabe-Nielsen K, Holtermann A. Day-to-day pattern of work and leisure time physical behaviours: are low socioeconomic status adults couch potatoes or work warriors? BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1342. [PMID: 34233666 PMCID: PMC8265073 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most studies on day-to-day patterns of physical behaviours (i.e. physical activities and sedentary behaviour) are based on adults with high socioeconomic status (SES) and without differentiating between work and leisure time. Thus, we aimed to characterise the day-to-day leisure time physical behaviours patterns among low SES adults and investigate the influence of work physical behaviours. Methods This cross-sectional study included 963 adults from low SES occupations (e.g. manufacturing, cleaning and transportation). The participants wore accelerometers for 1–7 days to measure physical behaviours during work and leisure time, expressed as time-use compositions consisting of time spent sedentary, standing or being active (walking, running, stair climbing, or cycling). Compositional multivariate multilevel models were used to regress daily leisure time-use composition against work time-use compositions. Interaction between weekday and (1) type of day, (i.e., work/non-work) and (2) the work time-use composition were tested. Compositional isotemporal substitution was used to interpret the estimates from the models. Results Each weekday, workers consistently spent most leisure time being sedentary and most work time standing. Leisure time physical behaviours were associated with type of day (p < 0.005, more sedentary on workdays vs. non-workdays), weekday (p < 0.005, more sedentary on Friday, Saturday and Sunday), standing work (p < 0.005, more sedentary and less standing and active leisure time on Sunday), and active work (p < 0.005, less sedentary and more standing and active leisure time on Sunday). Sedentary leisure time increased by 18 min, while standing and active leisure time decreased by 11 and 7 min, respectively, when 30 min were reallocated to standing at work on Sunday. Conversely, sedentary leisure time decreased by 25 min, and standing and active leisure time increased by 15 and 10 min, respectively, when 30 min were reallocated to active time at work on Sunday. Conclusions While low SES adults’ leisure time was mostly sedentary, their work time was predominantly standing. Work physical behaviours differently influenced day-to-day leisure time behaviours. Thus, public health initiatives aiming to change leisure time behaviours among low SES adults should consider the influence of work physical behaviours. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11409-0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karel Hron
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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22
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Giurgiu M, Nissen R, Müller G, Ebner-Priemer UW, Reichert M, Clark B. Drivers of productivity: Being physically active increases yet sedentary bouts and lack of sleep decrease work ability. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1921-1931. [PMID: 34170563 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical behavior (ie, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) is a crucial lifestyle factor for preventing and managing diseases across the lifespan. However, less is known about potential work-related psychological and cognitive outcomes such as productivity. The present study examined within-person associations between physical behavior and self-perceived work ability. To investigate the degree to which physical behavior parameters influence self-perceived work ability in everyday life, we conducted an Ambulatory Assessment study in 103 university students over 5 days. Physical behavior was assessed continuously via a multi-sensor system. Self-perceived work ability was assessed repeatedly up to six times per day on smartphones. We employed multilevel modeling to analyze the within-person effects of physical behavior on self-perceived work ability. Physical activity intensity (MET) (β = 0.15 ± 0.06, t = 2.59, p = 0.012) and sit-to-stand transitions (β = 0.07 ± 0.03, t = 2.44, p = 0.015) were positively associated with self-perceived work ability. Sedentary bouts (≥20 min) (β = -0.21 ± 0.08, t = -2.74, p = 0.006) and deviation from a recommended sleep duration (ie, 8 h) (β = -0.1 ± 0.04, t = -2.38, p = 0.018) were negatively associated with self-perceived work ability. Exploratory analyses supported the robustness of our findings by comparing various time frames. Total sedentary time and sleep quality were not associated with self-perceived work ability. Regular sleep durations, breaking up sedentary time through sit-to-stand transitions, and higher intensities of physical activity may be important for the regulation of self-perceived work ability in university students' daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giurgiu
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Mental mHealth Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Nissen
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Mental mHealth Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller
- Department of Health Promotion, AOK Baden-Wuerttemberg, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Mental mHealth Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Mental mHealth Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bronwyn Clark
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QL, Australia
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23
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Brusaca LA, Barbieri DF, Mathiassen SE, Holtermann A, Oliveira AB. Physical Behaviours in Brazilian Office Workers Working from Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Compared to before the Pandemic: A Compositional Data Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126278. [PMID: 34200624 PMCID: PMC8296050 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Work from home has increased greatly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and concerns have been raised that this would change physical behaviours. In the present study, 11 Brazilian office workers (five women, six men; mean [SD] age 39.3 [9.6] years) wore two triaxial accelerometers fixed on the upper back and right thigh continuously for five days, including a weekend, before COVID-19 (September 2019), and again while working at home during COVID-19 (July 2020). We determined time used in five behaviours: sedentary, standing, light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA), and time-in-bed. Data on these behaviours were processed using Compositional Data Analysis, and behaviours observed pre-COVID19 and during-COVID19 were compared using repeated-measures MANOVA. On workdays during-COVID19, participants spent 667 min sedentary, 176 standing, 74 LPA, 51 MVPA and 472 time-in-bed; corresponding numbers pre-COVID were 689, 180, 81, 72 and 418 min. Tests confirmed that less time was spent in bed pre-COVID19 (log-ratio −0.12 [95% CI −0.19; −0.08]) and more time in MVPA (log-ratio 0.35, [95% CI 0.08; 0.70]). Behaviours during the weekend changed only marginally. While small, this study is the first to report objectively measured physical behaviours during workdays as well as weekends in the same subjects before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Augusto Brusaca
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Road, km 235, SP310, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.F.B.)
| | - Dechristian França Barbieri
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Road, km 235, SP310, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.F.B.)
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden;
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Ana Beatriz Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Road, km 235, SP310, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.F.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-33066700
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24
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Kastelic K, Pedišić Ž, Lipovac D, Kastelic N, Chen ST, Šarabon N. Associations of meeting 24-h movement guidelines with stress and self-rated health among adults: is meeting more guidelines associated with greater benefits? BMC Public Health 2021; 21:929. [PMID: 34001090 PMCID: PMC8127279 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several countries have recently issued 24-h movement guidelines that include quantitative recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep. This study explored the associations of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines with stress and self-rated health among adults, and whether the likelihood of favourable outcomes increases with the number of guidelines met. Methods A total of 2476 adults aged 18 years and over completed a questionnaire on their time spent in MVPA, SB and sleep, frequency of stress (never, very rarely, occasionally, often, every day), self-rated health (very good, good, fair, bad, very bad), sociodemographic characteristics, and lifestyle variables. Results In an ordinal logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, education, socio-economic status, employment, place of residence, living with or without partner, and smoking, lower odds of higher frequency of stress were found for those meeting the combined 24-h movement guidelines (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32, 0.63; p < 0.001), any combination of two guidelines (OR range: 0.48–0.63; p < 0.05 for all), and sleep guideline only (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.75; p = 0.001). Higher odds of better self-rated health were found for those meeting the combined 24-h movement guidelines (OR = 2.94; 95% CI: 2.07, 4.19; p < 0.001), combination of MVPA and SB guidelines (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.44; p < 0.001), combination of MVPA and sleep guidelines (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.59; p = 0.002), and MVPA guideline only (OR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.50, 3.36; p < 0.001). Meeting more guidelines was associated with greater odds of favourable outcomes (p for linear trend < 0.001). Conclusion Adults who meet the sleep guideline, any combination of two guidelines, or all three guidelines experience stress less frequently. Meeting the MVPA guideline alone or in combination with any other movement behaviour guideline was associated with better self-rated health. The likelihood of less frequent stress and better self-rated health increases with the number of guidelines met. Adults should be encouraged to meet as many movement behaviour guidelines as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Kastelic
- University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia.,InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Željko Pedišić
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dean Lipovac
- University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia.,InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Nika Kastelic
- Health Centre Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia
| | - Si-Tong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia. .,University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia.
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25
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Development and Implementation of 'Just Right' Physical Behavior in Industrial Work Based on the Goldilocks Work Principle-A Feasibility Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094707. [PMID: 33925078 PMCID: PMC8125316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Goldilocks Work Principle expresses that productive work should be redesigned to comprise physical behaviors of different intensities in a composition promoting workers' health and fitness. This study is the first to assess the feasibility of redesigning work in an industrial setting according to the Goldilocks Work Principle. We recruited workers (n = 20) from a brewery in Denmark, and we conducted a participatory 16-week intervention including a workshop and two consultations. The workshop aimed to support the workers in modifying their work, while the consultations assisted the eventual implementation. Feasibility was evaluated as per three aspects: (1) developing modifications of work, (2) implementing these modifications, and (3) changing physical behavior and self-reported fatigue, pain and energy. The three aspects were addressed through records completed by the workers, measurements of workers' physical behavior and intensity during 'control' workdays (i.e., usual work) and 'intervention' workdays (i.e., modified work), and self-reported fatigue, pain and energy level following both types of workday. Five modifications to work were developed, and three of these five modifications were implemented. To some extent, physical behavior and intensity changed as intended during 'intervention' workdays compared to 'control' workdays. Workers were also less fatigued, had less pain, and had more energy after 'intervention' workdays. These results suggest that it is feasible to develop and implement modified work based on the Goldilocks Work Principle among industrial workers. However, we also identified several barriers to the implementation of such modifications.
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26
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Effects of Two Randomized and Controlled Multi-Component Interventions Focusing On 24-Hour Movement Behavior among Office Workers: A Compositional Data Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084191. [PMID: 33920971 PMCID: PMC8071247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Intervention studies aiming at changing movement behavior have usually not accounted for the compositional nature of time-use data. Compositional data analysis (CoDA) has been suggested as a useful strategy for analyzing such data. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two multi-component interventions on 24-h movement behavior (using CoDA) and on cardiorespiratory fitness among office workers; one focusing on reducing sedentariness and the other on increasing physical activity. Office workers (n = 263) were cluster randomized into one of two 6-month intervention groups, or a control group. Time spent in sedentary behavior, light-intensity, moderate and vigorous physical activity, and time in bed were assessed using accelerometers and diaries, both for 24 h in total, and for work and leisure time separately. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated using a sub-maximal cycle ergometer test. Intervention effects were analyzed using linear mixed models. No intervention effects were found, either for 24-h behaviors in total, or for work and leisure time behaviors separately. Cardiorespiratory fitness did not change significantly. Despite a thorough analysis of 24-h behaviors using CoDA, no intervention effects were found, neither for behaviors in total, nor for work and leisure time behaviors separately. Cardiorespiratory fitness did not change significantly. Although the design of the multi-component interventions was based on theoretical frameworks, and included cognitive behavioral therapy counselling, which has been proven effective in other populations, issues related to implementation of and compliance with some intervention components may have led to the observed lack of intervention effect.
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27
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Working from home during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sweden: effects on 24-h time-use in office workers. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:528. [PMID: 33731066 PMCID: PMC7968563 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered national recommendations encouraging people to work from home (WFH), but the possible impact of WFH on physical behaviors is unknown. This study aimed to determine the extent to which the 24-h allocation of time to different physical behaviors changes between days working at the office (WAO) and days WFH in office workers during the pandemic. Methods Data were collected on 27 office workers with full-time employment at a Swedish municipal division during the COVID-19 outbreak in May–July 2020. A thigh-worn accelerometer (Axivity) was used to assess physical behavior (sedentary, stand, move) during seven consecutive days. A diary was used to identify periods of work, leisure and sleep. 24-h compositions of sedentary, standing and moving behaviors during work and non-work time were examined using Compositional data analysis (CoDA), and differences between days WAO and days WFH were determined using repeated measures ANOVA. Results Days WFH were associated with more time spent sleeping relative to awake, and the effect size was large (F = 7.4; p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.22). The increase (34 min) in sleep time during WFH occurred at the expense of a reduction in work and leisure time by 26 min and 7 min, respectively. Sedentary, standing and moving behaviors did not change markedly during days WFH compared to days WAO. Conclusion Days working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden were associated with longer duration of sleep than days working at the office. This behavioral change may be beneficial to health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10582-6.
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28
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Januario LB, Stevens ML, Mathiassen SE, Holtermann A, Karstad K, Hallman DM. Combined Effects of Physical Behavior Compositions and Psychosocial Resources on Perceived Exertion Among Eldercare Workers. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 64:923-935. [PMID: 32729914 PMCID: PMC7751016 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives High perceived physical exertion is common in eldercare workers and a strong predictor for impaired health. However, little is known on how physical behaviors at work associate with physical exertion in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the composition of physical behaviors at work is associated with perceived physical exertion in nursing home eldercare workers, and the extent to which these associations are modified by psychosocial resources. Methods Our population consisted of 399 female eldercare workers from 126 wards in 20 different nursing homes. We evaluated time spent in physical behaviors at work [sitting, standing still, light activities (LAs), and moderate to vigorous activities (MVAs)] using triaxial accelerometers worn, on average, for three working days. We accounted for inherent codependency between the behaviors using compositional data analysis. We used multilevel linear mixed regression models to determine associations between the behaviors and perceived exertion, measured on a numeric rating scale (0–10), and included interactions between each behavior and psychosocial resources (influence at work, social support, and quality of leadership) to determine a possible moderating effect of resources. Regression results were illustrated using isotemporal substitution. Results Sitting was negatively (β: −0.64; P < 0.01) while MVA was positively (β: 0.95; P = 0.02) associated with perceived exertion. According to isotemporal substitution, replacing 30 min of MVA by sitting would, for an average worker, be associated with a decrease in physical exertion by −0.14 on the 0–10 scale. Job resources marginally moderated the association between LA and exertion. Thus, among workers with low influence and low social support, we found a positive association between LA and exertion, while that was not found for workers with medium or high influence and support (interactions for influence and support: P = 0.08 and P = 0.10). Conclusions Our findings suggest that reallocating time from MVA to sitting can mitigate perceived physical exertion in eldercare workers. More time in LA increased physical exertion only for workers with low psychosocial resources, supporting a positive effect of a better psychosocial work environment in elderly care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Bergamin Januario
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Matthew L Stevens
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina Karstad
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
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29
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Can a metric combining arm elevation and trapezius muscle activity predict neck/shoulder pain? A prospective cohort study in construction and healthcare. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 94:647-658. [PMID: 33278002 PMCID: PMC8068682 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a composite metric of arm elevation and trapezius activity (i.e. neck/shoulder load) is more strongly associated with the 2-year course of neck and shoulder pain intensity (NSPi) among construction and healthcare workers than each exposure separately. METHODS Dominant arm elevation and upper trapezius muscle activity were estimated in construction and healthcare employees (n = 118) at baseline, using accelerometry and normalized surface electromyography (%MVE), respectively. At baseline and every 6 months for 2 years, workers reported NSPi (score 0-3). Compositions of working time were determined for arm elevation (< 30°; 30-60°; > 60°), trapezius activity (< 0.5%; 0.5-7.0%; > 7.0%MVE), and a composite metric "neck/shoulder load" (restitution, low, medium, and high load). Associations between each of these three compositions and the 2-year course of NSPi were determined using linear mixed models. RESULTS Associations between exposure compositions and the course of NSPi were all weak and in general uncertain. Time spent in 0.5-7.0%MVE showed the largest and most certain association with changes in NSPi during follow-up (β = - 0.13; p = 0.037; corresponding to a -0.01 change in NPSi every 6 months). Among pain-free workers at baseline, medium (β = - 0.23; p = 0.039) and high (β = 0.15; p = 0.031) neck/shoulder load contributed the most to explaining changes in NSPi. CONCLUSION The composite metric of neck/shoulder load did not show a stronger association with the course of NSPi than arm elevation or trapezius activity alone in the entire population, while some indications of a stronger association were found among those who were pain-free at baseline.
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30
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Chappel SE, Aisbett B, Considine J, Ridgers ND. Bidirectional associations between emergency nurses' occupational and leisure physical activity: An observational study. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:705-713. [PMID: 33140995 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1841921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Emergency nursing is a physically demanding occupation yet research suggests they do not meet current physical activity guidelines. Current interventions have had limited effectiveness increasing nurses' physical activity, possibly due to a failure to acknowledge physical activity in another domain (e.g., occupational). This study aimed to determine the bidirectional associations between emergency nurses' occupational and leisure time activity levels on work days. Data from 49 emergency nurses (44 females and five males) wearing an ActiGraph accelerometer and completing work and sleep diaries for up to four weeks were analysed. An activPAL inclinometer was simultaneously worn by 41 nurses. Time spent in different activity levels and postural positions during work and leisure time were determined. Multi-level analyses examined bidirectional associations between emergency nurses' activity levels at work and during their leisure time. Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity prior to a morning shift was associated with more sedentary time and less physical activity at work. Conversely, occupational stepping time was associated with more sitting, standing and stepping time after each shift. These findings provide critical insights into how and when researchers should intervene to facilitate adequate recovery for nurses' post-shift and balance competing demands on their leisure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Erin Chappel
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Brad Aisbett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Julie Considine
- School of Nursing and Midwifery and Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research - Eastern Health Partnership, Box Hill, Australia
| | - Nicola Diane Ridgers
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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31
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Lerche AF, Vilhelmsen M, Schmidt KG, Kildedal R, Launbo N, Munch PK, Lidegaard M, Jacobsen SS, Rasmussen CL, Mathiassen SE, Straker L, Holtermann A. Can Childcare Work Be Designed to Promote High Intensity Physical Activity for Improved Fitness and Health? A Proof of Concept Study of the Goldilocks Principle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207419. [PMID: 33053791 PMCID: PMC7600739 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Childcare workers are reported to have high variation in physical activity during work hours, but also to sit for about half of the workday and have almost no high intensity physical activity (HIPA). No study has investigated if their work can be re-designed to introduce HIPA, thus promoting fitness and health according to the Goldilocks principle. This study investigated the feasibility of designing pedagogical games (‘Goldilocks-games’) intended to lead to more HIPA. Heart rate was measured in nineteen childcare workers during Goldilocks-games, and compared to measurements during a regular workday. Worker perceptions of feasibility, and researcher observations of contextual factors were also collected. The Goldilocks-games (33 min) elicited significantly more HIPA (18/33 min) compared to the most active period of equal length on a regular workday (0.5/33 min). Seventy-four-percent of the childcare workers reported that it was feasible to integrate the Goldilocks-games pedagogically, and seventy-two-percent could see themselves using them. Thus, we found it possible to re-design a work task in childcare according to the Goldilocks principle so that it leads to substantial time with HIPA. The sustainability of Goldilocks-games in childcare, and their effectiveness in improving fitness and health among childcare workers, needs to be tested in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Fritz Lerche
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.V.); (K.G.S.); (R.K.); (N.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.S.J.); (C.L.R.); (A.H.)
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Maja Vilhelmsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.V.); (K.G.S.); (R.K.); (N.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.S.J.); (C.L.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Kathrine Greby Schmidt
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.V.); (K.G.S.); (R.K.); (N.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.S.J.); (C.L.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Rasmus Kildedal
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.V.); (K.G.S.); (R.K.); (N.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.S.J.); (C.L.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Natja Launbo
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.V.); (K.G.S.); (R.K.); (N.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.S.J.); (C.L.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Pernille Kold Munch
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.V.); (K.G.S.); (R.K.); (N.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.S.J.); (C.L.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Mark Lidegaard
- Novo Nordisk Health & Safety, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2880 Bagsværd, Denmark;
| | - Sandra Schade Jacobsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.V.); (K.G.S.); (R.K.); (N.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.S.J.); (C.L.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.V.); (K.G.S.); (R.K.); (N.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.S.J.); (C.L.R.); (A.H.)
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden;
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.V.); (K.G.S.); (R.K.); (N.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.S.J.); (C.L.R.); (A.H.)
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
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